Wikipǣdia angwiki https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heafodtramet MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Syndrig Mōtung Brūcend Brūcendmōtung Wikipǣdia Wikipǣdiamōtung Ymele Ymelmōtung MediaWiki MediaWikimōtung Bysen Bysenmōtung Help Helpmōtung Flocc Floccmōtung TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1829 231649 216952 2026-09-03T22:56:00Z ~2026-37282-98 142090 /* Stǣr */ 231649 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Þes tramet is ymbe þā Belgiscan burg. For ōðrum stōƿum hātaþ Gænt sēo [[Gænt (scīrung)]]. '' {{English}} {{Cyþþubox folcstede |nama=Gænt |flocc=Burg |underrīce=Eastflæmingaland |biliþ=04-08-15_Gent_01.jpg |biliþ gewrit= }} '''Gænt''' (''Gent'' on [[Niðerlandisc sprǣc|Niðerlendisce]], ''Gand'' on [[Frencisc sprǣc|Frencisce]], nū ''Ghent'' and gēo ''Gaunt'' on [[Nīwenglisc sprǣc|Nīƿenglisce]]) is [[burgscīpe]] in [[Flandras|Flandrum]], þe is sum þāra þrēora dǣla [[Belgaland]]es, and in þǣre Flandriscan mǣgðe‏ [[Ēastflandras|Ēastflandrum]] and hit is hire hēafodburg. Gæntes middan is æt þǣm gemȳðum þāra ēana [[Scheldt]] and [[Leie River|Leie]]. Hit ligþ æt tƿiƿege þāra [[Europisc weg|Europiscra ƿega]] [[Europisc weg E17|E17]] and [[Europisc weg E40|E40]]. In þǣm [[burgscipe]] sind Gænt ceaster and þā ceastra [[Afsnee]], [[Desteldonk]], [[Drongen]], [[Gentbrugge]], [[Ledeberg]], [[Mariakerke]], [[Mendonk]], [[Oostakker]], [[Sint-Amandsberg]], [[Sint-Denijs-Westrem]], [[Sint-Kruis-Winkel]], [[Wondelgem]], and [[Zwijnaarde]]. On 1 dæge Æfterran Gēolan 2005, 230,951 ƿunode in Gænte. And þǣrinne sind 156.18 [[square kilometer|km&sup2;]] landes, þ‏e getācnaþ [[lēodrǣdenne þiccnes]] 1468.5 ƿunienda be km&sup2;. Be lēodrǣdenne is þis Belgies ōðer-mǣsta burgscīpe, and is Belgies fēorðmǣste bestryðung. == Stǣr == Se scēat Gænt ƿæs gebūn in Celtiscum tīdum. Se nama "Gænt" cymþ of þǣm Celtiscan ƿorde 'ganda', þe mǣnþ mētung t.b. tƿēgra ēana (Scheldt and Lys). Ne sind geƿritene gemyndas þǣre Rōmāniscan tīde, ac fyrngemyndleornunge geondsmēagung āsēðeþ þæt se eard Gæntes ƿæs forþ gebūen. Hƿonne þā Francas onƿōdon þā Rōmāniscan landrīcu (of þǣm ende þæs 4an gēarhundredes and ƿel oþ þǣm 5an gēarhundrede) and brōhton hīe hira sprǣce mid him and Gænt ƿearþ folde, hƿǣr Celtisc and Lǣden ƿurdon gehƿorfen fram (ealdorlicum) Niðerlendisce. Oþ þǣm 7oðan gēarhundrede, in Gænte ƿǣron tƿā (important) mynster: Sint-Pieters (625-650) and Sint-Baafs (650). Gænt ƿeaxode of mænigfealdum frumum and þǣm mynstrum and cēapungstede. Ymb gēar 800, Gænt ƿæs (important), for þǣm þe [[Louis the Pious]], sunu [[Charlemagne|Charlemagnes]] lagode þæt [[Einhard]] sie abbod bēgra mynstra. Einhard ƿrāt līfƿrītunge Charlemagnes cynunges Francrīces. Þā ēa flēoƿon in foldan hƿǣr fela landes ƿæs hƿīlum oferflēded mid gōde gærse, and scylc land ion Flandrisce hātte ''meersen'', þe segþ "hammas", and þæt ƿord ''meers'' is cynn þæs ƿordes "mærsc", ac þēos ''meersen'' ne sind ā under ƿætre. Þis land ƿæs sƿīðe gōd for scēapum þe macodon ƿull for clāðum. Sōþlīce ƿæs Gænt in Middelre Ielde sēo hefigoste burg for clāðe. Oþ þǣm 13oðan gēarhundrede Gænt ƿæs sēo mǣste ceaster būton [[Paris]]e and ceastrum in [[Italia]]m. Binnan his ƿeallum ƿunode 60,000 oþþe 65,000. Hit ƿæs grēatora þonne [[Lunden]] and [[Köln]] and [[Moscow|Moscoƿ]]. In his middan sind gīet mænigfealde grēate torras: se [[belletorr]] and þā ōðre torras þæs mynstres and Sint-Niklaas cyricean. Gænt ƿæs burg, hƿǣr sēo ƿullbīsgung, frumlīce gestaðelod æt [[Bricg]]e, scōp þone ǣrestan Europiscan bīsgungeodor in þǣre Hēan Middelielde; the mercantile zone was so highly-developed that wool had to be imported from England. Þis ƿæs ān þāra raca for Flanderes gōdum sibbe mid Englalande. == Glīƿsīðung == [[Biliþ:BelfortGent.jpg|thumb|300px|right|[[Belfry]] of Gænt. Behindan Him is Sanctes Nicholas cirice gesīene.]] Much of the city's [[medieval]] [[architecture]] remains intact and is remarkably well preserved. Its center is the largest [[Auto-free zone|carfree area]] in Belgium. Interesting highlights are the [[Saint Bavo Cathedral]] with the [[Ghent Altarpiece]], the [[belfry]], the [[gravensteen]], and the [[Graslei]]. The city is host to some big cultural events such as the [[Gentse Feesten]], [[I Love Techno]], [[Flanders International Film Festival Ghent]] and [[Festival van Vlaanderen]]. Night bus services (weekends only) are free of charge. In Gænte is ƿīd hȳþ and þǣrtō scytt '''Ghent-Terneuzen Canal''' ƿæterƿeg of [[Terneuzen]] ceastre þe is on sǣriman [[Westerschelde]] flēotes. In Gænte ƿearþ ācenned [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] and he ƿearþ [[Hālig Rōmisc Cāsere]] and [[Cyning Hispaniae]]. and þǣr ēac ƿearþ ācenned [[John of Gaunt]], [[Dux Lonceastres]]. Þǣr man underseglode se [[Treaty of Ghent]] and hit in ǣƿe endode þā [[Gūðe Gēares 1812]] betƿēox [[United Kingdom|Brytene]] and þǣm [[United States|USA]]. == Sēo ēac == * [[Ghent University]] * [[Brycg (burh)]], [[Antwerpen|Antƿerpen]], [[Hasselt]] == Ūtanƿearde bendas == {{commons|Ghent}} * [http://www.gent.be Ambihtlicu ƿebbstōƿ] - Gefrǣge gearu ymbe [[Niðerlendisc sprǣc|Niðerlendisc]], [[Nīwenglisc sprǣc|Nīƿenglisc]], [[Frencisc sprǣc|Frencisc]] and [[Þēodisc sprǣc|Þēodisc]] * http://www.use-it.be/gent/eng/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213023959/http://www.use-it.be/gent/eng/ |date=2006-02-13 }} Gænt geongum [[Flocc:Flæmingaland]] [[Flocc:Byrig on Belgum]] hq310rdhwvz4c3kk5lzwun22uf5sn7c 0 6217 231651 210090 2026-09-04T00:01:13Z InternetArchiveBot 112307 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 231651 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Catalão 6.jpg|310px|right|thumb| Catalão: [Image:Catalão 6.jpg|310px|right|thumb| Catalão: [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~magnus/geo/geohack.php?language=en&params=18_09_57_S_47_56_47_W 18° 09' 57" S 47° 56' 47" W]]] [[Image:Bandeira de Catalão.JPG|70px|left]] '''Catalão''' is burg in [[Brasil]], fod rīce Goiás. Catalão hæfþ 75.623 (2007) lēoda. <gallery> Image:Museu Catalão 2.jpg Image:Patio Mitsubishi.jpg </gallery> <gallery> Image:Catalão2.JPG Image:Represa Monsenhor Souza 1.jpg </gallery> <gallery> Image:Represa Catalão 1.JPG Image:Igreja Dom Bosco.jpg </gallery> <gallery> Image:Lazer em Catalão.jpg Image:Represa Monsenhor Souza 2.jpg </gallery> == Ƿebbstede == *http://www.catalao.go.gov.br *http://www.guiacatalao.com.br {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414012440/https://guiacatalao.com.br/ |date=2021-04-14 }} {{commons|Catalão (Goiás)| Catalão}} [[Flocc:Byrig on Brasile]] tvpcp0zxg4uxfcqnmmy8izwxt9t3qtu 0 6916 231637 220411 2026-09-03T12:43:15Z Hogweard 485 Missenlice tunas 231637 wikitext text/x-wiki Her sind getalu þara '''[[scīr]]a and angelīcena dǣla þæs [[Geāned Cynerīce|Geānedan Cynerīces]]''': ==Scire (eardfæstan)== Þæt [[Geāned Cynerīce]] hæfþ tƿa and hundnigontige scīra. Ēac hātaþ þisse scīra ''eardfæstan scīra'' oððe ''gamola scīra''. Þisse scīra nabbað ane gerecþegnung, æfter ''mdccclxxxviiij'', oððæt ðe to ''mdcccclxxviiij'' stōƿlicu āstyrung bād gestaðolod on hieran gierdum. {| class="wikitable" |- !Scir!!Gierd!!Byrg in þære scire |- |[[Aberdonscīr]]||1,950 scitemila||[[Aberdon]], [[Ellon, Aberdonscir|Ellon]], [[Fraserburh]], [[Huntleah, Aberdonscir|Huntleah]], [[Inverurie]], [[Peterheafod]], [[Turriff]] |- |[[Anagus]]||889 scitemila||[[Forfar]], [[Dundee]], [[Aberoþic]], [[Brechin]], [[Carnoustie]], [[Kirriemuir]], [[Montros, Anagus|Montros]] |- |[[Angleseg]]||276 scitemila||[[Beaumaris]], [[Amlwch|Amlƿch]], [[Haligheafod]], [[Llangefni]], [[Menai Brycg]] |- |[[Antrimscīr]]||1,175 scitemila||[[Belfast]], [[Antrim]], [[Ballymena]], [[Ballymoney]], [[Carnlough]], [[Larne]], [[Portrush]] |- |[[Arregaðel]]||3,110 scitemila||[[Lochgilphead]], [[Campbeltun]], [[Dunoon]], [[Inveraray]], [[Oban]], [[Tobhair Mhuire]] |- |[[Ardmachusscīr]]||512 scitemila||[[Armachus (burg)|Armachus]], [[Newry]] |- |[[Ægrscir]]||1,129 scitemila||[[Ægr]], [[Cumnoc]], [[Irvine on Ægrscire|Irvine]], [[Cilmarnoc]], [[Cilwinning]], [[Largs]], [[Sealtcotas]], [[Troon]] |- |[[Banffscīr]]||641 scitemila||[[Banff, Banffscir|Banff]], [[Buckie]], [[Dufftown]], [[Keiþ, Banffscir|Keiþ]], [[Macduff on Banffscire|Macduff]], [[Portsoy]] |- |[[Beadanfordscīr]]||465 scitemila||[[Beadanford]], [[Bicleswæd]], [[Dunestaple]], [[Leahtun, Beadanfordscir|Leahtun]], [[Ligtun]], [[Sandig on Beadafordscire|Sandig]] |- |[[Bearrucscīr]]||722 scitemila||[[Readingas]], [[Æbbandun]], [[Braccanheal]], [[Finchamstæde]], [[Mægðenhyð]], [[Ulfretun]], [[Wealingaford]], [[Waneting]], [[Windlesora]], [[Woccingaham]] |- |[[Berewicscir]]||457 scitemila||[[Grenehlæw]], [[Coludingatun]], [[Coludestream]], [[Duns]], [[Egemuþa]], [[Lauder]] |- |[[Brecenscīr]]||743 scitemila||[[Brecan]], [[Builth Wiellas]], [[Hæge-on-Wæge]], [[Llanwrtyd Wiellas]], [[Talgarþ]] |- |[[Buccingahamscīr]]||745 scitemila||[[Æglesburg]], [[Buccingaham]], [[Middeltun Cægnes|Middeltun]], [[Sloh]], [[Wicham]] |- |[[Butscīr]]||225 scitemila||[[Roþeseg, Butieg|Roþeseg]], [[Brodic]], [[Lochranga]], [[Millport, Cumbrae-ieg|Millport]] |- |[[Cardiganscīr]]||815 scitemila||[[Cardigan, Cardiganscir|Cardigan]], [[Aberystwyth|Aberystƿyþ]], [[Llanbedr]], [[New Quay]], [[Tregaron]] |- |[[Carmarðenscīr]]||1,095 scitemila||[[Carmarðen]], [[Ammanford]], [[Kidwelly]], [[Llandovery]], [[Llanelli]], [[Scte Clears]] |- |[[Carnarfonscīr]]||480 scitemila||[[Carnarfon]], [[Bancorena burg|Bancoraburg]], [[Conweg]], [[Llandudno]], [[Porþmadog]], [[Pwllheli]] |- |[[Caþanǣs]]||618 scitemila||[[Wic, Caþness|Wic]], [[Casteltun, Caþness|Casteltun]], [[Heallcirice]], [[Þurso]] |- |[[Cent]]||1,555 scitemila||[[Mægðenstan]], [[Cantawaraburg]], [[Bromleag]], [[Dærentaford]], [[Dofras]], [[Folcestan]], [[Grenewic]], [[Hrofesceaster, Cent|Hrofesceaster]], [[Sandwic, Cent|Sandwic]] |- |[[Cincardinscīr]]||380 scitemila||[[Stanhæfn]], [[Banchory]], [[Inverbervie]], [[Laurentiuscirice]] |- |[[Cinross-scīr]]||73 scitemila||[[Cinross]], [[Milnathort]] |- |[[Ciricecuðbrihtscīr]]||899 scitemila||[[Ciricecuðbriht]], [[Castle Douglas]], [[Dalbeattie]], [[Niw Galloway|Niƿ Galloƿay]] |- |[[Clahmannanscīr]]||48 scitemila||[[Clackmannan, Clackmannanscir|Clackmannan]], [[Alloa]], [[Dollar, Clackmannanscir|Dollar]], [[Tillicoultry]], [[Tullibody]] |- |[[Cornweall|Cornƿeall]]||1,349 scitemila||[[Bodmin]], [[Truro]], [[Camborne]], [[Falmuþa, Cornwealum|Falmuþa]], [[Newquay]], [[Pensans]], [[Redruþ]], [[Sanct Austell]] |- |[[Crumbaþynscīr]]||370 scitemila||[[Crumbaþyn]], [[Ullapol]] |- |[[Cumbraland]]||1,516 scitemila||[[Luel]], [[Bromtun, Cumbraland|Bromtun]], [[Cesewic|Ceseƿic]], [[Penriþ]], [[Hwitheafodhafen]], [[Weorcingatun]] |- |[[Defenascīr]]||2,405 scitemila||[[Escanceaster]], [[Sūþtun on Defnum|Suðtun]], [[Bardanstapol]], [[Dærentamūþa]], [[Hlydanford]], [[Niwtun þæs Abbas|Niƿtun þæs Abbas]], [[Pægntun]], [[Tæfingstoc]], [[Twegenfordtun on Defnum|Twegenfordtun]], [[Torre]], [[Tottaness]] |- |[[Denbiscīr]]||640 scitemila||[[Ruþin]], [[Abergele]], [[Denbi]], [[Llangollen]], [[Wrexham|Ƿrexham]] |- |[[Deorbyscīr]]||1,029 scitemila||[[Deorby]], [[Æscburna, Deorbyscir|Æscburna]], [[Badecanwiellon|Badecanƿiellon]], [[Buccestun]], [[Ceasterfeld]], [[Hrypadun]], [[Ilkeston]], [[Mæðelac]], [[Sweartlinga Cottas]] |- |[[Dorsæte]]||980 scitemila||[[Dornwaraceaster|Dornƿaraceaster]], [[Poole]], [[Sceaftenesburg]], [[Scireburn]], [[Swanawic|Sƿanaƿic]], [[Weymuþa]] , [[Winburna]] |- |[[Dumfriesscīr]]||1,063 scitemila||[[Dumfries]], [[Annan, Dumfriesscir|Annan]], [[Gretna]], [[Langholm]], [[Lockerbie]], [[Moffat]], [[Sanhwar]] |- |[[Dunholmscīr]]||1,015 scitemila||[[Dunholm]], [[Rægeheafod]], [[Cuncacestir]], [[Deornoþingatun]], [[Heortapol]], [[Stoctun on Tese]], [[Sundrodland]], [[Wessingatun, Dunholm|Ƿessingatun]], [[Gyrwas|Gyrƿas]] |- |[[Dūnscīr]]||950 scitemila||[[Dunpatric]], [[Bancoraburg, Dunscir|Bancoraburg]], [[Haligewudu on Dunscire|Haligewudu]], [[Niwcastel, Dunscir|Niwcastel]], [[Strangford]] |- |[[East Loðene]]||267 scitemila||[[Haddingatun, East Loðene|Haddingatun]], [[Dynbær]], [[East Lintun]], [[Berewic (Norþ)|Bereƿic]], [[Tranent]] |- |[[Ēastseaxe]]||1,542 scitemila||[[Ceolmæresford]], [[Beorhtelesdun]], [[Berecingas]], [[Brentwudu]], [[Colneceaster]], [[Herehlaw|Herehlaƿ]], [[Mældun]], [[Rumford]], [[Suþend-on-Sæ]], [[Strætford Langþorn]], [[Waltham|Ƿaltham]] |- |[[Eoferwicscir|Eoferƿicscir]]||6,066 scitemila||[[Eoforwicceaster|Eoferƿic]] [[East Þriding]]: [[Anlafesbūr]], [[Berhtelingtūn]], [[Cotingaham]], [[Cyngestūn on Hul]], [[Driffield]], [[Fīlēah]], [[Godmundingahām]], [[Gūlhlaða]], [[Hāse]], [[Hornsǣ]], [[Beoforlic|Inderawuda]], [[Mǣlescroft]], [[Market Wicstūn]], [[Poclintūn]], [[Stængfordesbrycg]], [[Weliġbūr, East Þriðing|Weliġbūr]] [[Wudemannsēah]] [[Norþ Þriding]]: [[Middlostburh]], [[Cetreht]], [[Chenaresburg]], [[Heargata]], [[Norþallerton]], [[Scarðaburg, Norþ Þriðing|Scarðaburg]], [[Steinmore]], [[Strēoneshalh]], [[Tresc]] [[West Þriding|Ƿest Þriding]]: [[Bradanford]], [[Cyhhalēah]], [[Loidis]], [[Sheffield]], [[Wacanfeld]], [[Beorneslēah]], [[Elmete]], [[Hāligfeax, West Þriðing|Hāligfeax]], [[Hæþfeld]], [[Hripas]], [[Oxanhope]] |- |[[Fermanagh]]||715 scitemila||[[Enniskillen]], [[Belleek]], [[Irvinestown]] |- |[[Fif Scīr|Fif]]||504 scitemila||[[Cupar]], [[Dunfermline]], [[Burntisland]], [[Cowdenbeath|Coƿdenbeaþ]], [[Glenrothes|Glenro]][[Cowdenbeath|þ]]<nowiki/>[[Glenrothes|es]], [[Kirkcaldy]], [[Sancte Andreas Stowe|Sancte Andreas Stoƿe]] |- |[[Flintscīr]]||640 scitemila||[[Mold, Flintscir|Mold]], [[Connah's Quay]], [[Buckley]], [[Flint, Flintscir|Flint]], [[Haligewiel]], [[Prestatyn]], [[Rhyl]], [[Rudelan]], [[Sancte Asafes Stowe|Sancte Asafes Stoƿe]] |- |[[Geltland]]||551 scitemila||[[Lerwic|Lerƿic]], [[Baltasund]], [[Scallowæg]] |- |[[Glamorgan]]||845 scitemila||[[Cardiff]], [[Swansæ|Sƿansæ]], [[Barry, Glamorgan|Barry]], [[Brycgend]], [[Carphilly]], [[Merthyr Tydfil|Merþyr Tydfil]], [[Neð]], [[Pontypridd]] |- |[[Gleawcesterscīr]]||1,225 scitemila||[[Gleawanceaster]], [[Brycgstowe]], [[Celtanhamm]], [[Cirenceaster]], [[Puclancyrce]], [[Strud, Gleawcesterscir|Strud]], [[Teodecesburg]], [[Wincelcumb]] |- |[[Grantabrycgscīr]]||820 scitemila||[[Grantabrycg]], [[Elig]], [[Cæateric]], [[Mearc, Grantabrycgscir]], [[Witlesmere|Ƿitlesmere]], [[Wisebec|Ƿisebec]] |- |[[Hamtunescīr]]||1,622 scitemila||[[Wintanceaster|Ƿintanceaster]], [[Hamtun]], [[Portesmuþa]] [[Andeferas]], [[Basingastoc]], [[Burnanmuþ]], [[Niwport, Wiht|Niƿport]], [[Tweonaem|Tƿeonaem]], [[Wihtgaraburg|Ƿihtgaraburg]] |- |[[Heortfordscīr]]||727 scitemila||[[Heortford]], [[Sancte Albanes Stowe|Sancte Albanes Stoƿe]], [[Hæþfeld, Heortfordscir|Hæþfeld]], [[Hamelamestede]], [[Stīðen Āc]], [[Waðaford]] |- |[[Herefordscīr]]||833 scitemila||[[Hereford]], [[Bromgeard]], [[Cyningtun, Herefordscir|Cyningtun]], [[Liedburg]], [[Leofemynster]], [[Ross-on-Wæge|Ross-on-Ƿæge]] |- |[[Hrocesburgscīr]]||666 scitemila||[[Jedburgh]], [[Hæwwic]], [[Calchoh]], [[Magilros]], [[Hroccesburg]] |- |[[Huntandūnscīr]]||359 scitemila||[[Huntandūn]], [[Hramesige, Huntadunscir|Hramesige]], [[Læccesleah, Huntadunscir|Læccesleah]], [[Sancte Ifes, Huntadunscir|Scte Ifes]], [[Sancti Neod, Huntadunscir|Sancti Neod]] |- |[[Inferness-scīr]]||4,211 scitemila||[[Inferness]], [[Willelmes Burg, Inferness-scir|Willelmes Burg]], [[Kingussie]], [[Newtonmore|Niƿtonmore]], [[Portri]] |- |[[Lanercscīr]]||879 scitemila||[[Lanerc]], [[Glasgow|Glasgoƿ]], [[Coatbrycg]], [[Carluke]], [[East Kilbride]], [[Hamilton, Lanercscir|Hamilton]], [[Modorwiell, Lanercscir|Modorƿiell]] |- |[[Lefenax]]||241 scitemila||[[Alcluiþ]], [[Alexandria, Lefenax|Alexandria]], [[Cledofer]], [[Cumbernauld]], [[Elenesburh]], [[Kirkintilloch]] |- |[[Ceasterscīr|Legeceasterscīr]]||1,027 scitemila||[[Legeceaster]], [[Bercenheafod]], [[Crewe|Creƿe]], [[Deuennport]], [[Macclesfield]], [[Rumcofa]], [[Stockport]], [[Walaseg|Ƿalaseg]] |- |[[Lincolnscīr]]||2,646 scitemila||[[Lincoln]], [[Icanhoh]], [[Gæignesburh]], [[Grantham]], [[Grimsby]], [[Lūd (on Lincolnscīre)|Lūd]], [[Scunþorp]], [[Skegness]], [[Stanford (on Lincolnscīre)|Stanford]] |- |[[Lonceasterscīr]]||1,880 scitemila||[[Lonceaster]], [[Liferpol]], [[Mameceaster]], [[Preostatun]], [[Bearwe in Furðernæs|Bearƿe]], [[Boþltun]], [[Hæsham]], [[Weringtun]] |- |[[Lundendeoryscīr]]||816 scitemila||[[Lundenderry]], [[Coleraine]], [[Limavady]] |- |[[Lægreceastrescīr]]||800 scitemila||[[Lægreceastre]], [[Coalville]], [[Hinckley]], [[Loughborough]], [[Lutterworth|Lutterƿorþ]], [[Meltun]] |- |[[Merioneð]]||780 scitemila|| [[Bala]], [[Barmuþ]], [[Blaenau Ffestiniog]], [[Dolgellau]], [[Harlech]], [[Towyn|Toƿyn]] |- |[[Middelseaxe]]||285 scitemila||[[Lundene]], [[Bregentford]], [[Westmynster|Ƿestmynster]], [[Cealchyð]], [[Gillingas]], [[Enanfeld]], [[Hearge, Middelseaxe|Hearge]], [[Poteres Bar]], [[Stan]], [[Tuiccanham]] |- |[[Midloðene]]||362 scitemila||[[Edinburg]], [[Bonnyrigg]], [[Dalkeith|Dalkei]][[Monmuþa|þ]], [[Musselburh]], [[Penicuik]] |- |[[Monmuþscīr]]||530 scitemila||[[Monmuþa]], [[Niwport, Monmuþscīr|Niƿport]], [[Abergavenny]], [[Blackwood, Monmuþscīr|Blæcƿudu]], [[Ceapstow]], [[Cwmbran]], [[Tredegar]] |- |[[Morefscīr]]||476 scitemila||[[Elgin, Moray|Elgin]], [[Fochabers]], [[Lossiemuþa]], [[Forres]], [[Rothes|Roþes]] |- |[[Muntgumniscīr]]||780 scitemila||[[Muntgumni, Muntgumniscir|Muntgumni]], [[Llanidloes]], [[Machynlleth]], [[Niwtun, Muntgumniscir|Nitun]], [[Welshpool|Ƿelshpool]] |- |[[Narranscīr]]||200 scitemila||[[Nairn]], [[Auldearn]], [[Calder]] |- |[[Norþfolc]]||2,044 scitemila||[[Norþwic]], [[Cromer]], [[East Dereham]], [[Great Gearamuþa]], [[Hunstantun]], [[Linn]], [[Swæfaham]], [[Þeodford]] |- |[[Norþhāmtūnescīr]]||984 scitemila||[[Norþhamtun]], [[Burh]], [[Corby]], [[Ketering]], [[Wellingaburh|Ƿellingaburh]], [[Yrtlingaburg]] |- |[[Norþhymbraland]]||2,018 scitemila||[[Niwcastel on Tinan]], [[Alnwic]], [[Bebanburg]], [[Berewic]], [[Corebrycg]], [[Hagustaldesea]], [[Lindisfarena eg]], [[Morpeth, Norþhymbraland|Morpeþ]] |- |[[Orcanege]]||376 scitemila||[[Ciricewæl]], [[Balfour, Orcanege|Balfour]], [[Stromness]] |- |[[Oxnafordscīr]]||756 scitemila||[[Oxnaford]], [[Beranburg]], [[Bicester]], [[Carterton, Oxnafordscir|Carterton]], [[Dorciccæstræ]], [[Henley-on-Temse]], [[Tamu]], [[Witney|Ƿitney]] |- |[[Peblesscīr]]||548 scitemila||[[Pebles]], [[Innerleithen]], [[West Lintun|Ƿest Lintun]] |- |[[Pembrocscīr]]||655 scitemila||[[Pembroke]], [[Fishguard]], [[Haverfordwest]], [[Milford Haven]], [[Tenby]], [[Sancte Dauides Stowe]] |- |[[Perþscīr]]||2,493 scitemila||[[Perþ, Perþscir|Perþ]], [[Blairgowrie]], [[Callander]], [[Crieff]], [[Pitlochry]], [[Rattray]] |- |[[Readanorascīr]]||485 scitemila||[[Preostahæmed]], [[Cnighttun, Readanorascir|Cnighttun]], [[Llandrindod Wells|Llandrindod Ƿells]], [[Readanora]], [[Rhayader]] |- |[[Renfrewscīr]]||245 scitemila||[[Renfrew]], [[Barrheafod]], [[Greenock]], [[Johnstone]], [[Kilmacolm]], [[Paisley]], [[Glasgow Hyþ]] |- |[[Ross-scīr]]||3,089 scitemila||[[Ðingweal]], [[Alness]], [[Invergordon]], [[Stornaway|Stornaƿay]], [[Tain]] |- |[[Roteland]]||152 scitemila||[[Acham]], [[Cottesmore]], [[Uppingaham]] |- |[[Scrobbesbyrigscīr]]||1,343 scitemila||[[Scrobbesburh]], [[Cwatbrycg|Cƿatbrycg]], [[Ludlow]], [[Market Drayton]], [[Oswaldes Treo|Osƿaldes Treo]], [[Tomas Telfordes Niwe Burg]], [[Hwitcirice, Scrobbesbyrigescir|Hƿitcirice]] |- |[[Seleciricescīr]]||267 scitemila||[[Selecirice]], [[Galashiels]] |- |[[Snotingahamscīr]]||825 scitemila||[[Snotingaham]], [[Mansfield]], [[Niwweorc on Treante |Niƿƿeorc]], [[Retford]], [[Suðwellan, Snotingahamscir|Suðƿellan]], [[Worksop|Ƿorksop]] |- |[[Stæffordscīr]]||1,171 scitemila||[[Stæfford]], [[Liccidfeld]], [[Stoc (on Trente)|Stoc]], [[Heantun]], [[Byrtun]], [[Cannock]], [[Tomtun]], [[Teotanheal]], [[Walhshalh|Ƿalhshalh]] |- |[[Striuelinscīr]]||447 scitemila||[[Striuelin]], [[Brycg of Allan]], [[Dennig, Striuelinscir|Dennig]], [[Fahcirice]], [[Grangemuþa]], [[Cilsyþ]] |- |[[Sumorsǣte]]||1,640 scitemila||[[Tantun]], [[Baðon]], [[Æþelingaig]], [[Brycgwæter|Brycgƿæter]], [[Brycgstowe|Brycgstoƿe]], [[Ceoddor, Sumorsæt|Ceoddor]], [[Glestingaburg]], [[Sumurtun]], [[Westtun, Sumorsæt|Ƿesttun]], [[Weðmor]], [[Wyllas]], [[Yeovil]] |- |[[Sūþfolc]]||1,489 scitemila||[[Gipeswic]], [[Sancte Eadmundes Stowe]], [[Bungay, Suþfolc|Bungay]], [[Dommocceaster]], [[Felixstowe|Felixstoƿe]], [[Haverhill, Suþfolc|Haverhill]], [[Lowestoft|Loƿestoft]], [[Sudbury, Suþfolc|Sudbury]] |- |[[Sūþrige]]||758 scitemila||[[Gyldeford]], [[Brixton]], [[Cerotæsei]], [[Crogdenu]], [[Cyningestun, Suþrige]], [[Egham]], [[Fearnhamm]], [[Lambhyð]], [[Scean, Sūþrige|Scean]], [[Suðgeweorc|Suðgeƿeorc]], [[Sūþtun, Sūþrige|Sūþtun]], [[Wandsworth|Ƿandsƿor]][[Sūþtun, Sūþrige|þ]], [[Wimbledon, Sūþrige|Ƿimbledon]], [[Wocingas|Ƿocingas]] |- |[[Sūþseaxe]]||1,458 scitemila||[[Cisseceaster]], [[Andredesceaster]], [[Bucganora]], [[Beorhthelmesstan]], [[Burna]], [[Crawley|Craƿley]], [[Hæstingas]], [[Horsham]], [[Hufe]], [[Læwes|Læƿes]], [[Weorþingas]] |- |[[Suðraland]]||2,028 scitemila||[[Dornoch]], [[Brora]], [[Durness]], [[Golspie]], [[Helmesdæl]], [[Lairg]], [[Tunge, Suþraland|Tunge]] |- |[[Tirowen]]||1,260 scitemila||[[Omagh]], [[Cookstown]], [[Dungannon]], [[Strabane]] |- |[[West Loðene]] (Linliþgoƿscir)||120 scitemila||[[Linliþgow|Linliþgoƿ]], [[Armadæl, West Loðene|Armadæl]], [[Baþgeat]], [[Borrowestunnæs|Borroƿestunnæs]], [[Brocesburna, West Loðene|Brocesburna]], [[Livingastun, West Loðene|Livingastun]], [[Hwitburna, West Loðene|Hƿitburna]] |- |[[Westmoringaland]]||783 scitemila||[[Appleby in Westmoringaland|Appleby]], [[Ambleside]], [[Kendal]], [[Kirkby in Lonesdæle]], [[Windermere, Westmoringaland|Ƿindermere]] |- |[[Wigreceastrescīr]]||738 scitemila||[[Wigornaceaster]], [[Cydelamynster]], [[Dudley]], [[Eofeshamm]], [[Malvern]], [[Halesowen|Halesoƿen]], [[Sturebricg]], [[Wic|Ƿic]] |- |[[Wigtūnscīr]]||487 scitemila||[[Wigtun|Ƿigtun]], [[Niwtun Stigweard]], [[Stranraer]], [[Hwitern|Hƿitern]] |- |[[Wiltūnscīr]]||1,370 scitemila||[[Searoburg]], [[Bradanford on Afene]], [[Cippanhamm]], [[Devizes]], [[Mældubesburg]], [[Mærlebeorge]], [[Swindun]], [[Treowbrycg]], [[Weremynster]], [[Wiltun]] |- |[[Wæringscīr]]||885 scitemila||[[Wæringwic]], [[Beormingaham]], [[Cofentreo]], [[Nunnena Eatun]], [[Hrycgburh, Wæringscir|Hrycgburh]], [[Solihull]], [[Strætford on Wæringscire|Strætford]] |} == Scira for Stoƿlicre Gerecþegnunga & Fyrmest Eardas == Þa hīehstan-hād stōƿlican gerecþegnunga þæm Geānlǣhtan Cynerīce habbað missenlican naman and þegnunga. In Uladstire, stoƿlica ræden edniƿung in [[1973|mdcccclcciij]] arærde tƿa-endebyrdnes stoƿlica ræden æt regio and læppa had; eall Uladstir ƿearþ seo regio. On Engla and Norþ-ƿealum, þæt ''Local Government Act 1972'' arærde scira for þæm gesetnesa forþsetennesse utƿeard [[Lunden#Grieatra Lunden|Grietran Lundene]] and [[Sylliege]]. Þa gerecþegnung scira on Ƿealum ƿæron endedon in ''mdcccclxxxxvj''. In Englalande ƿæron mænigefealde læppan gesundrede fram hierum scirum æfter ''mdcccclxxxx''<ref>[[Local Government Act 1992]]</ref>. Ælc "anfeald eard" (buton þa fram [[Bearrucscir]]e<ref>The Berkshire (Structural Change) Order 1996; SI 1996 No. 1879</ref>) is scir be selfe for þære gesetnesa, mid ānan læppan geond hierum halum earda, and hiere geþinge is sēo geþinge þære scīre oððe sēo geþinge þæs læppan. Scotland and Norþƿealas habbaþ an-endebyrdnes "[[geþingedom]]as" and "[[fyrmest eard|fyrmestan earde]]", þa on Ƿealum sume hetaþ "scīra" and sume "scīr-burgscipas". Þæt Grietra Lunden eard (seo ne hatan næfre "scīr") ƿæs gearæred in ''mdcccclxv''. Þæt [[Grietra Lunden Gerec]] (Se [[Lundene Burgeald]] and [[Lundene Ymbcyme]]) ƿæs in ''mm'' gearæred. On 1 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (''mmuiiii'') ƿeard þā Scīrgeþingas for Cornƿeallum, Dunholmscīre, Norþhymbralande, Scrobbesbyrigscīre and Ƿiltunscīre ælc ānfeald scīr. Beadanfordscīre and Ceasterscīre Scīregeþingas ƿæron beendedon. {| class="wikitable" |- !Scir!!Eardcynn!!Dǣl þæs Cynerīces!!Geþinge!!Læppan in scir / eard |- |[[Aberdon Ceaster|Aberdon]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Ceastergeþinge||nan |- |[[Aberdonscīr (geþingedom)|Aberdonscir]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Anagus]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Angleseg]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |[[Argyll and But]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Baðon and Norþ East Sumorsæt||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Baðon and Norþ East Sumorsæt]] |- |[[Beadanford]]||scir||Englaland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Bearrucscir]]||scir||Englaland||nan||[[Bracknell Weald|Bracknell Ƿeald]], [[Readingas]], [[Sloh]], [[West Bearrucscir|Ƿest Bearrucscir]], [[Windlesora & Mægþenhȳþ|Ƿindlesora & Mægþenhȳþ]], [[Woccingaham|Ƿoccingaham]] |- |Blackburn mid Darƿen||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Blackburn mid Darwen| Blackburn mid Darƿen Burgscipe]] |- |Blackpool||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Blackpool|Blackpool Burgscipe]] |- |[[Blaenau Gwent|Blaenau Gƿent]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirburgscipe Geþinge||nan |- |Burnamuþa||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[ Burnamuþa|Burnamuþa Burgscipe]] |- |[[Brycgend, Went|Brycgend]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirburgscipe Geþinge||nan |- |Beorhthelmesstan and Hofe||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Beorhthelmesstan and Hofe|Beorhthelmesstan and Hofe Ceaster]] |- |Brycgstoƿ||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppagetælgeþinge)</i>||[[Brycgstow|Brycgstoƿ ceaster]] |- |[[Buccingahamscir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Ægelesburg Cumb]], [[Suþ Buccas]], [[Ciltern (socn)|Ciltern]], [[Wycombe|Ƿycombe]] |- |Burh||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Burh|Burh Ceaster]] |- |[[Caerphilly (scirburgscipe)|Caerphilly]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirburgscipe geþinge||nan |- |[[Cardiff]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Ceaster and Scir Geþinge||nan |- |[[Carmarðenscir]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |[[Ceasterscīr Ēast]]||scir||Englaland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Ceasterscīr West and Ceaster|Ceasterscīr Ƿest and Ceaster]]||scir||Englaland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Cent]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Ashford, Cent|Ashford]], [[Cantawaraburg|Cantaƿaraburg]], [[Dartford]], [[Dofras]], [[Gravesham]], [[Mægdstan]], [[Seofenācas]], [[Scēapwæg|Scēapƿæg]], [[Swale|Sƿale]], [[Tenet]], [[Tonbrycg and Malling]], [[Tunbrycg Wiellas|Tunbrycg Ƿiellas]] |- |[[Ceredigion]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |[[Clackmannanscir]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Conway (scirburgscipe)|Conƿay]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirburgscipe geþinge||nan |- |[[Cornweall|Cornƿeall]]||scir||Englaland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Cumbria]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Allerdale]], [[Bearwe in Furðernæs|Bearƿe in Furðernæs]], [[Luel]], [[Copeland (socn)]], [[Eden, Cumbraland|Eden]], [[Suþ Mereland]] |- |Cyningestun on Hull||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[ Cyningestun on Hull]] |- |[[Denbighscir]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |Deorby||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Deorby]] |- |[[Deorbyscir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Amber Denu]], [[Bolsofer (socn)|Bolsofer]], [[Ceasterfeld]], [[Deorbyscīr Dælas]], [[Erewash|Ereƿash]], [[Heah Pec]], [[Norþēast Deorbyscīr]], [[Suþ Deorbyscir]] |- |[[Defenascir|Defen]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[East Defen]], [[Escanceaster]], [[Mid Defen]], [[Norþ Defen]], [[Suþ Hamas]], [[Teignbrycg]], [[Torridge]], [[West Defen|Ƿest Defen]] |- |[[Dorsæte]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Ēast Dorsæte]], [[Norþ Dorsæte]], [[Purbic]], [[Tweonam|Tƿeonam]], [[West Dorsæte|Ƿest Dorsæte]], [[Weymouth and Portland|Ƿeymu]][[Norþ Dorsæte|þ]] and Portland |- |[[Dumfries and Galloway|Dumfries and Galloƿay]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Dundee]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Ceastergeþinge||nan |- |[[Dunholmscīr]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |[[East Ayrscir]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[East Lefenax]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[East Loðene]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[East Renfrewscir|East Renfreƿscir]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Eastseaxe]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Beorhtelesdun]], [[Brentwood, Eastseaxe|Brentƿudu]], [[Brancantreow|Brancantreoƿ]], [[Castel Ōra]], [[Ceolmæresford]], [[Colneceaster]], [[Epping Weald (socn)|Epping Ƿeald]], [[Herehlaw|Herehlaƿ]], [[Mældun]], [[Rochford]], [[Tendring]], [[Uttlesford]] |- |[[East Suþseaxe]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Burna]], [[Hæstingas]], [[Læwes|Læƿes]], [[Rother|Roþer]], [[Wealden|Ƿealden]], |- |East Þriding of Eoferƿicscir||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[East Þriðing of Eoferwicscir|East Þriðing of Eoferƿicscir]] |- |[[Edinburg]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Ceastergeþinge||nan |- |Eoferƿic||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Eoforwīcceaster|Eoforƿīcceaster]] |- |[[Falkirk (geþingedom)|Falkirk]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Fif scīr|Fif]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Flintscir]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |[[Geltland]] Iege||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Glamorgan Denu]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirburgscipe geþinge||nan |- |[[Glasgow|Glasgoƿ]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Ceastergeþinge||nan |- |[[Gleawanceasterscīr|Gleaƿanceasterscīr]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Celtanhamm]], [[Cotswold (socn)|Cotsƿold]], [[Denu Weald|Denu Ƿeald]], [[Gleawanceaster|Gleaƿanceaster]], [[Strūd, Gleawcesterscīr|Strūd]], [[Teodecesburg]] |- |[[Grantabrycgscir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Grantabrycg]], [[East Grantabrycgscir]], [[Fenneland]] , [[Huntandunscir]], [[Suþ Grantabrycgscir]] |- |[[Lunden#Grīetra Lunden|Grietra Lunden]]||regio||Englaland||Gerec||[[Berecingas and Dæccanham]], [[Bexley]], [[Bregent]], [[Bromley]], [[Bærnet]], [[Camden]], [[Crogdenu]], [[Cynesigestun and Cealchyð sē Cynelice Burgscipe|Cynesigestun and Cealchyð]], [[Cyningestun, Suþrige|Cyningestun]], [[Enanfeld]], [[Gillingas]], [[Gislingatun]], [[Grenewic|Greneƿic]], [[Hackney]], [[Hammersmiþ and Fullanhamm]], [[Haringey]], [[Hearwe, Middelseaxe|Hearƿe]], [[Hafering]], [[Hillingadun]], [[Hundeshlæw|Hundeshlæƿ]], [[Lambhyð]], [[Lewisham|Leƿisham]], [[Meretun]], [[Niwham|Niƿham]], [[Readanbrycg]], [[Scean, Sūþrige|Scean]], [[Suðgeweorc|Suðgeƿeorc]], [[Suþtun, Suþrige|Suþtun]], [[Waltham Weald (Lunden Burgscipe)|Ƿaltham Ƿeald]], [[Tur Hamas]], [[Wandsworþ|Ƿandsƿorþ]], [[Westmynster|Ƿestmynster]] |- |[[Mameceaster#Grietre Mameceaster|Grietre Mameceaster]]||ceasternisca scir||Englaland||nan||[[Boþltun]], [[Burg, Lonceasterscir|Burg]], [[Mameceaster]], [[Oldham]], [[Rochdale]], [[Salford]], [[Stockport]], [[Tameside]], [[Trafford]], [[Wigan|Ƿigan]] |- |[[Gwynedd|Gƿynedd]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |Halton||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Halton]] |- |[[Hamtunescīr]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Basingastoc and Denu]], [[Eastleag]], [[East Hamtunscire,]], [[Fearnham, Hamtunscire,|Fearnham]], [[Godesport]], [[Hart, Hamtunscir,|Hart]], [[Havant]], [[Ytene]], [[Rushmoor]], [[Test Denu]], [[Wintanceaster|Ƿintanceaster]] |- |Hartlepool||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Hartlepool]] |- |Herefordscir||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Herefordscir]] |- |[[Heortfordscir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Brocesburna, Heortfordscir|Brocesburna]], [[Dacorum]], [[East Heortfordscir]], [[Heortesmære]], [[Norþ Heortfordscir]], [[Sancte Albanes Stowe|Scte Albanes Stoƿe]], [[Stevenage]], [[Þreo Ea (socn)|Þreo Ea]], [[Watford|Ƿatford]], [[Welwyn Hæþfeld|Ƿelƿyn Hæþfeld]] |- |[[Heahland (geþingedom)|Heahland]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Infercled]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Lincolnescir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Botolfes Tun]], [[East Lindesse]], [[Lincoln, Lincolnescir|Lincoln]], [[Norþ Kesteven]], [[Sūþ Holland, Lincolnescīr|Sūþ Holland]], [[Suþ Kesteven]], [[West Lindesse|Ƿest Lindesse]] |- |Ligtun||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Ligtun|Ligtun Burgscipe]] |- |[[Lonceasterscir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Burnley]], [[Chorley]], [[Suþ Ribble]], [[Amundernæs]], [[Hyndburn]], [[Lonceaster]], [[Pendle]], [[Preostatun]], [[Ribble Denu]], [[Rossendale]], [[West Lonceasterscir|Ƿest Lonceasterscir]], [[Wyre|Ƿyre]] |- |[[Lunden-ceaster]]||scir||Englaland||[[Lunden-ceaster Geþinge]]||nan |- |Lægreceastre||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Lægreceastre]] |- |[[Lægreceastrescir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Blaby]], [[Charnwood|Charnƿudu]], [[Harborough]], [[Hinckley and Bosweorþ|Hinckley and Bosƿeorþ]], [[Meltun]], [[Norþ West Lægreceastrescir|Norþ Ƿest Lægreceastrescir]], [[Oadby and Wigston|Oadby and Ƿigston]] |- |Medeƿæg||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Medewæg Ceaster|Medeƿæg Ceaster]] |- |[[Middelbeadanfordscīr]]||scir||Englaland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Mærsehealf]]||ceasternisca scir||Englaland||nan||[[Knowsley|Knoƿsley]], [[Liferpyll]], [[Sefton]], [[Sancte Elenan]], [[Wirheal|Ƿirheal]] |- |[[Merþyr Tydfil]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirburgscipe geþinge||nan |- |Middlostburh||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Middlostburh]] |- |[[Midloðene]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Middeltun þāra Cægnes||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Middeltun þāra Cægnes]] |- |[[Moray]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Neð Port Talbot]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirburgscipe geþinge||nan |- |[[Niwport, Went|Niƿport]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Ceastergeþinge||nan |- |[[Norþfolc]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Brecland (socn)|Brecland]], [[Bradland]], [[Great Gearmuþa]], [[Linn and West Norþfolc|Linn and Ƿest Norþfolc]], [[Norþ Norþfolc]], [[Norþwic|Norþƿic]], [[Suþ Norþfolc]] |- |[[Norþhamtunescir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Corby]], [[Dafantreow|Dafantreoƿ]], [[East Norþhamtunscir]], [[Kettering]], [[Norþhamtun]], [[Suþ Norþhamtunescir]], [[Wellingaburg|Ƿellingaburg]] |- |[[Norþ Ayrscir]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Norþ East Lincolnescir||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Norþ East Lincolnescir]] |- |[[Norþ Eoferwicscir|Norþ Eoferƿicscir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Craven]], [[Hambleton]], [[Harrogate]], [[Richmondscir]], [[Ryedæl]], [[Scarborough]], [[Seleby]] |- |[[Norðerne Īrland]]||regio||Uladstir||Ymbcyme||[[Antrim]], [[Ards]], [[Armachus]], [[Ballymena]], [[Ballymoney]], [[Banbrycg]], [[Belfast]], [[Carrickfergus]], [[Castlereagh]], [[Coleraine]], [[Cookstown]], [[Craigavon]], [[Lundenderry|Derry]], [[Dun (socn)|Dun]], [[Dungannon and Suþ Tirowen|Dungannon and Suþ Tiroƿen]], [[Fermanagh]], [[Larne]], [[Limavady]], [[Lisburn]], [[Magherafelt]], [[Moyle]], [[Newry and Mourne|Niƿry and Mourne]], [[Niwtunmynster|Niƿtunmynster]], [[Norþ Dunscir]], [[Omagh]], [[Strabane]] |- |[[Norþhymbraland]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Alnwick|Alnƿick]], [[Berewic|Bereƿic]], [[Blyth Denu]], [[Castel Morpeth]], [[Tinedæl]], [[Wansbeck|Ƿansbeck]] |- |[[Norþ Lanercscir]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Norþ Lincolnescir||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Norþ Lincolnescir]] |- |Norþ Sumorsæte||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Norþ Sumorsæte]] |- |[[Orcenege]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Oxnafordscīr]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Oxnaford]], [[Cearwella (socn)|Cearƿella]], [[Suþ Oxnafordscir]], [[Hwit Mearges Denu|Hƿit Mearges Denu]], [[West Oxnafordscir|Ƿest Oxnafordscir]] |- |[[Pembrokescir]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |[[Perþ and Kinross]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Poole||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Poole|Burgscipe Poole]] |- |Portesmuþa||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Portesmuþa|Portesmuþa Ceaster]] |- |[[Powis|Poƿis]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |Readancarr and Cleofland||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Readancarr and Cleofland]] |- |[[Renfrewscir|Renfreƿscir]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Roteland||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Roteland]] |- |[[Scyttisce Mære]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[Scrobbesbyrigescir]]||scir||Englaland||Geþinge||nan |- |Snotingaham||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Snotingaham|Snotingaham Ceaster]] |- |[[Snotingahamscir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Æscfeld]], [[Bassetlaw|Bassetlaƿ]], [[Brocstowe|Brocstoƿe]], [[Gedling]], [[Mansfield]], [[Niweorc and Scirwudu|Niƿeorc and Scirƿudu]], [[Rushcliffe]] |- |[[Sumorsæte]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Mendip]], [[Suþ Sumorsæte]], [[Tanton Denu]], [[Secgmor]], [[West Sumorsæte|Ƿest Sumorsæte]] |- |Suþhamtun||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Suþhamtun|Suþhamtun Ceaster]] |- |[[Suþ Ayrscir]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Suþend on Sæ||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Sūþende on Sæ]] |- |[[Suþ Eoferwicscir|Suþ Eoferƿicscir]]||ceasternisca scir#||Englaland||nan||[[Beorneslēah]], [[Doncaster]], [[Rotherham]], [[Sheffield]] |- |Suþ Gleaƿcesterscir||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Suþ Gleawcesterscir|Suþ Gleaƿcesterscir]] |- |[[Suþ Lanercscir]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Suþtun Ceaster||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Sūþtūn (on Defenum)|Suþtun Ceaster]] |- |[[Stæffordscir]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Cannock Chase (socn)|Cannock Chase]], [[East Stæffordscir]], [[Liccidfeld]], [[Niwcastel under Lyme|Niƿcastel under Lyme]], [[Suþ Stæffordscir]], [[Stæfford]], [[Stæffordscir Morland]], [[Tamoworþig|Tamoƿorþig]] |- |[[Striuelin]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Stoctun on Tese||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Stoctun on Tese]] |- |Stoc on Trente||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Stoc (on Trente)|Stoc on Trente Ceaster]] |- |Sƿīndūn||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Swīndūn|Sƿīndūn]] |- |[[Sūþfolc]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Babergh]], [[Weald Hæþ|Ƿeald Hæþ]], [[Gipswic|Gipsƿic]], [[Mid Suþfolc]], [[Scte Eadmundesburg]], [[Suþfolc Sægeset]], [[Waveney|Ƿaveney]] |- |[[Sūþrige]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Emelbrycg]], [[Epsom and Ewell|Epsom and Eƿell]], [[Gildeford]], [[Emel Denu]], [[Reigate and Banstead]], [[Runegmæd (socn)|Runegmæd]], [[Spelþorn]], [[Suþrige Hæþ]], [[Tandridge (socn)|Tandridge]], [[Waverley, Suþrige|Ƿaverley]], [[Woccingas|Ƿoccingas]] |- |[[Swansæ|Sƿansæ]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Ceaster and Scir Geþinge||nan |- |Tomas Telfordes Niƿe Burg and Ƿreocen||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Tomas Telfordes Niwe Burg and Wreocen|Tomas Telfordes Niƿe Burg and Ƿreocen]] |- |Torrbeag||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Torrbeag]] |- |[[Torfaen]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirburgscipe geþinge||nan |- |[[Tine and Wear|Tine and Ƿear]]||ceasternisca scir||Englaland||nan||[[Rægeheafod]], [[Niwcastel on Tina|Niƿwcastel on Tina]], [[Norþ Tinehealf]], [[Suþ Tinehealf]], [[Sundrodland]] |- |Þurrock||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Þurrock]] |- |[[Uterra Suðreyar|Na h-Eileanan Siar (Uterra Suðreyar)]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |Ƿarrington||scir||Englaland||<i>(Læppageþinge)</i>||[[Warrington|Ƿarrington]] |- |[[Went|Ƿent]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |[[West Lefenax|Ƿest Lefenax]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[West Loðene|Ƿest Loðene]]||geþingedom||Scotland||Geþinge||nan |- |[[West Midland (ealde scir)|Ƿest Midland]]||ceasternisca scir||Englaland||nan||[[Beormingaham]], [[Cofentreo]], [[Dudley]], [[Heantun]], [[Sandwell|Sandƿell]], [[Solihull]], [[Walsall|Ƿalsall]] |- |[[West Suþseaxe|Ƿest Suþseaxe]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Adur]], [[Arun]], [[Cisseceaster]], [[Crawley|Craƿley]], [[Horsham]], [[Mid Suþseaxe]], [[Weorþingas|Ƿeorþingas]] |- |[[West Eoferwicscir|Ƿest Eoferƿicscir]]||ceasternisca scir||Englaland||nan||[[Bradanford]], [[Calderdale]], [[Kirklees]], [[Loidis]], [[Wakefield|Ƿakefield]] |- |[[Wiht|Ƿiht]]||scir||Englaland||Geþinge||[[Wiht|Ƿiht]] |- |[[Wiltūnscīr|Ƿiltūnscīr]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||nan |- |[[Wigreceastrescīr|Ƿigreceastrescīr]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Bromsgrove]], [[Malvern Beorge (socn)|Malvern Beorge]], [[Redditch]], [[Wigornaceaster|Ƿigornaceaster]], [[Hwicceafene|Hƿicceafene]], [[Wyre Weald|Ƿyre Ƿeald]] |- |[[Wrexham (scirburgscipe)|Ƿrexham]]||fyrmest eard||Ƿealas||Scirburgscipe geþinge||nan |- |[[Wæringscīr|Ƿæringscīr]]||scir||Englaland||Scirgeþinge||[[Norþ Wæringscir|Norþ Ƿæringscir]], [[Nunnena Eatun and Bedweorþ|Nunnena Eatun and Bedƿeorþ]], [[Hrocesburg (on Wæringscīre)|Hrocesburg]], [[Strætford, Wæringscir|Strætford, Ƿæringscir]], [[Wæringwic|Ƿæringƿic]] |- |<i>Other areas:</i>|| || || || |- |[[Inweard Tempelhus|Inƿeard Tempelhus]]||[[freosocn]]||Englaland||Se Underhordere||nan |- |[[Middel Tempelhus]]||[[freosocn]]||Englaland|| Se Underhordere||nan |- |[[Sylliege]]|| ||Englaland||Geþinge||nan |} ==Glēsing== {{reflist}} 49o7xpofs7giiobvb9n6ltp2w8qczat 0 11547 231652 231449 2026-09-04T00:04:40Z InternetArchiveBot 112307 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 231652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Biliþ:Male Knee by David Shankbone.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Mennisc cnēo]] Þæs '''cnēos''' [[bānloca]] bint þā þēo and þone [[sceanca]]n and stent on tƿǣm [[heorr (līclār)|heorrum]]: ān þāra is betƿeox þǣm [[þēohbān]]e and þǣm [[fōtsceancbān]]e, sēo ōðer is betƿeox þǣm þēohbāne and þǣm [[cnēohweorfbān|cnēohƿeorfbān]]e. Hit is se mǣsta and manigfealdosta bānloca in þǣm menniscum [[līc]]e.<ref>Kulowski (1932), p 618</ref> Þæt cnēo is ƿegendlic, hƿearfiende, heorrlic bānloca þe lǣteþ bīgnesse and aþenunge andefen lytelre ūtƿeardre and inƿeardre hƿeorfunge. For þǣm þe þæt mennisce cnēo aƿreðaþ nēahlīce þā fulle ƿihte þæs līces, hit is se bānloca þe is gearƿost for ge scearpre ƿundunge ge þǣre forðunge [[clyfigende ādl|clyfigendes ādles]]. Hit is oft geþōht on gecnēohƿeorfþēohbānlicum and gefōtsceancþēohbānlicum dǣlum ƿesan.<ref name="pmid19594940">{{cite journal |author=Rytter S, Egund N, Jensen LK, Bonde JP |title=Occupational kneeling and radiographic tibiofemoral and patellofemoral osteoarthritis |journal=J Occup Med Toxicol |volume=4 |issue= |pages=19 |year=2009 |url=http://www.occup-med.com/content/4//19 |access-date=2010-06-03 |archivedate=2020-01-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125230602/http://www.occup-med.com/content/4//19 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19726621">{{cite journal |author=Gill TJ, Van de Velde SK, Wing DW, Oh LS, Hosseini A, Li G |title=Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics after reconstruction of an isolated posterior cruciate ligament injury: in vivo analysis during lunge |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-sports-medicine_2009-12_37_12/page/2377 |journal=Am J Sports Med |volume=37 |issue=12 |pages=2377–85 |year=2009 |month=December}}</ref> (Se [[sceancbānuclic belicgendlic streng|sceancbānuclica belicgendlica streng]] is oft geþōht mid gecnēohƿeorfþēohbānlicum dǣlum ƿesan.)<ref name="pmid17764523">{{cite journal |author=Scott J, Lee H, Barsoum W, van den Bogert AJ |title=The effect of tibiofemoral loading on proximal tibiofibular joint motion |journal=J. Anat. |volume=211 |issue=5 |pages=647–53 |year=2007 |month=November}}</ref> == Fruman == {{Reflist}} [[Flocc:Līc]] n10glqkus9scbxadxr6e7rk8e38gbxq 828 17706 231636 195066 2026-09-03T12:42:38Z Hamish 105716 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q15408619|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 231636 Scribunto text/plain ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TableTools -- -- -- -- This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables. -- -- It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should not -- -- be called directly from #invoke. -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local p = {} -- Define often-used variables and functions. local floor = math.floor local infinity = math.huge local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isPositiveInteger -- -- This function returns true if the given value is a positive integer, and false -- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is -- useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the -- hash part of a table. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isPositiveInteger(v) return type(v) == 'number' and v >= 1 and floor(v) == v and v < infinity end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isNan -- -- This function returns true if the given number is a NaN value, and false if -- not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful -- for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. Lua will generate an -- error if a NaN is used as a table key. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isNan(v) return type(v) == 'number' and v ~= v end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- shallowClone -- -- This returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all -- subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned -- table will have no metatable of its own. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.shallowClone(t) checkType('shallowClone', 1, t, 'table') local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do ret[k] = v end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- removeDuplicates -- -- This removes duplicate values from an array. Non-positive-integer keys are -- ignored. The earliest value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are -- removed, but otherwise the array order is unchanged. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.removeDuplicates(arr) checkType('removeDuplicates', 1, arr, 'table') local isNan = p.isNan local ret, exists = {}, {} for _, v in ipairs(arr) do if isNan(v) then -- NaNs can't be table keys, and they are also unique, so we don't need to check existence. ret[#ret + 1] = v elseif not exists[v] then ret[#ret + 1] = v exists[v] = true end end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- numKeys -- -- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of any numerical -- keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.numKeys(t) checkType('numKeys', 1, t, 'table') local isPositiveInteger = p.isPositiveInteger local nums = {} for k in pairs(t) do if isPositiveInteger(k) then nums[#nums + 1] = k end end table.sort(nums) return nums end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- affixNums -- -- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the -- specified prefix and suffix. For example, for the table -- {a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'} and the prefix "a", affixNums will return -- {1, 3, 6}. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix) checkType('affixNums', 1, t, 'table') checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true) checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true) local function cleanPattern(s) -- Cleans a pattern so that the magic characters ()%.[]*+-?^$ are interpreted literally. return s:gsub('([%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%^%$])', '%%%1') end prefix = prefix or '' suffix = suffix or '' prefix = cleanPattern(prefix) suffix = cleanPattern(suffix) local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$' local nums = {} for k in pairs(t) do if type(k) == 'string' then local num = mw.ustring.match(k, pattern) if num then nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num) end end end table.sort(nums) return nums end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- numData -- -- Given a table with keys like {"foo1", "bar1", "foo2", "baz2"}, returns a table -- of subtables in the format -- {[1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'}}. -- Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named "other". The -- compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with -- ipairs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.numData(t, compress) checkType('numData', 1, t, 'table') checkType('numData', 2, compress, 'boolean', true) local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do local prefix, num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^([^0-9]*)([1-9][0-9]*)$') if num then num = tonumber(num) local subtable = ret[num] or {} if prefix == '' then -- Positional parameters match the blank string; put them at the start of the subtable instead. prefix = 1 end subtable[prefix] = v ret[num] = subtable else local subtable = ret.other or {} subtable[k] = v ret.other = subtable end end if compress then local other = ret.other ret = p.compressSparseArray(ret) ret.other = other end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- compressSparseArray -- -- This takes an array with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values -- while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with -- ipairs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.compressSparseArray(t) checkType('compressSparseArray', 1, t, 'table') local ret = {} local nums = p.numKeys(t) for _, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[#ret + 1] = t[num] end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sparseIpairs -- -- This is an iterator for sparse arrays. It can be used like ipairs, but can -- handle nil values. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.sparseIpairs(t) checkType('sparseIpairs', 1, t, 'table') local nums = p.numKeys(t) local i = 0 local lim = #nums return function () i = i + 1 if i <= lim then local key = nums[i] return key, t[key] else return nil, nil end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- size -- -- This returns the size of a key/value pair table. It will also work on arrays, -- but for arrays it is more efficient to use the # operator. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.size(t) checkType('size', 1, t, 'table') local i = 0 for _ in pairs(t) do i = i + 1 end return i end local function defaultKeySort(item1, item2) -- "number" < "string", so numbers will be sorted before strings. local type1, type2 = type(item1), type(item2) if type1 ~= type2 then return type1 < type2 elseif type1 == 'table' or type1 == 'boolean' or type1 == 'function' then return tostring(item1) < tostring(item2) else return item1 < item2 end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- keysToList -- -- Returns an array of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default -- comparison function or a custom keySort function. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.keysToList(t, keySort, checked) if not checked then checkType('keysToList', 1, t, 'table') checkTypeMulti('keysToList', 2, keySort, {'function', 'boolean', 'nil'}) end local arr = {} local index = 1 for k in pairs(t) do arr[index] = k index = index + 1 end if keySort ~= false then keySort = type(keySort) == 'function' and keySort or defaultKeySort table.sort(arr, keySort) end return arr end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sortedPairs -- -- Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function. -- If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.sortedPairs(t, keySort) checkType('sortedPairs', 1, t, 'table') checkType('sortedPairs', 2, keySort, 'function', true) local arr = p.keysToList(t, keySort, true) local i = 0 return function () i = i + 1 local key = arr[i] if key ~= nil then return key, t[key] else return nil, nil end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isArray -- -- Returns true if the given value is a table and all keys are consecutive -- integers starting at 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isArray(v) if type(v) ~= 'table' then return false end local i = 0 for _ in pairs(v) do i = i + 1 if v[i] == nil then return false end end return true end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isArrayLike -- -- Returns true if the given value is iterable and all keys are consecutive -- integers starting at 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isArrayLike(v) if not pcall(pairs, v) then return false end local i = 0 for _ in pairs(v) do i = i + 1 if v[i] == nil then return false end end return true end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- invert -- -- Transposes the keys and values in an array. For example, {"a", "b", "c"} -> -- {a = 1, b = 2, c = 3}. Duplicates are not supported (result values refer to -- the index of the last duplicate) and NaN values are ignored. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.invert(arr) checkType("invert", 1, arr, "table") local isNan = p.isNan local map = {} for i, v in ipairs(arr) do if not isNan(v) then map[v] = i end end return map end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- listToSet -- -- Creates a set from the array part of the table. Indexing the set by any of the -- values of the array returns true. For example, {"a", "b", "c"} -> -- {a = true, b = true, c = true}. NaN values are ignored as Lua considers them -- never equal to any value (including other NaNs or even themselves). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.listToSet(arr) checkType("listToSet", 1, arr, "table") local isNan = p.isNan local set = {} for _, v in ipairs(arr) do if not isNan(v) then set[v] = true end end return set end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- deepCopy -- -- Recursive deep copy function. Preserves identities of subtables. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ local function _deepCopy(orig, includeMetatable, already_seen) if type(orig) ~= "table" then return orig end -- already_seen stores copies of tables indexed by the original table. local copy = already_seen[orig] if copy ~= nil then return copy end copy = {} already_seen[orig] = copy -- memoize before any recursion, to avoid infinite loops for orig_key, orig_value in pairs(orig) do copy[_deepCopy(orig_key, includeMetatable, already_seen)] = _deepCopy(orig_value, includeMetatable, already_seen) end if includeMetatable then local mt = getmetatable(orig) if mt ~= nil then setmetatable(copy, _deepCopy(mt, true, already_seen)) end end return copy end function p.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, already_seen) checkType("deepCopy", 3, already_seen, "table", true) return _deepCopy(orig, not noMetatable, already_seen or {}) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sparseConcat -- -- Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a number, in order. -- sparseConcat{a, nil, c, d} => "acd" -- sparseConcat{nil, b, c, d} => "bcd" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j) local arr = {} local arr_i = 0 for _, v in p.sparseIpairs(t) do arr_i = arr_i + 1 arr[arr_i] = v end return table.concat(arr, sep, i, j) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- length -- -- Finds the length of an array, or of a quasi-array with keys such as "data1", -- "data2", etc., using an exponential search algorithm. It is similar to the -- operator #, but may return a different value when there are gaps in the array -- portion of the table. Intended to be used on data loaded with mw.loadData. For -- other tables, use #. -- Note: #frame.args in frame object always be set to 0, regardless of the number -- of unnamed template parameters, so use this function for frame.args. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.length(t, prefix) -- requiring module inline so that [[Module:Exponential search]] which is -- only needed by this one function doesn't get millions of transclusions local expSearch = require("Module:Exponential search") checkType('length', 1, t, 'table') checkType('length', 2, prefix, 'string', true) return expSearch(function (i) local key if prefix then key = prefix .. tostring(i) else key = i end return t[key] ~= nil end) or 0 end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- inArray -- -- Returns true if searchElement is a member of the array, and false otherwise. -- Equivalent to JavaScript array.includes(searchElement) or -- array.includes(searchElement, fromIndex), except fromIndex is 1 indexed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.inArray(array, searchElement, fromIndex) checkType("inArray", 1, array, "table") -- if searchElement is nil, error? fromIndex = tonumber(fromIndex) if fromIndex then if (fromIndex < 0) then fromIndex = #array + fromIndex + 1 end if fromIndex < 1 then fromIndex = 1 end for _, v in ipairs({unpack(array, fromIndex)}) do if v == searchElement then return true end end else for _, v in pairs(array) do if v == searchElement then return true end end end return false end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- merge -- -- Given the arrays, returns an array containing the elements of each input array -- in sequence. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.merge(...) local arrays = {...} local ret = {} for i, arr in ipairs(arrays) do checkType('merge', i, arr, 'table') for _, v in ipairs(arr) do ret[#ret + 1] = v end end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- extend -- -- Extends the first array in place by appending all elements from the second -- array. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.extend(arr1, arr2) checkType('extend', 1, arr1, 'table') checkType('extend', 2, arr2, 'table') for _, v in ipairs(arr2) do arr1[#arr1 + 1] = v end end return p 4n03zk6kcoeg4gz82mieeh94c1szcjy 0 24004 231646 229961 2026-09-03T17:18:23Z ~2026-47945-89 142335 231646 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ymele:Flag of Ulster.svg|thumb|Fanan Uladstire]] '''Uladstir''' ([[Niwenglisc spræc|Niƿenglisc]]: ''Ulster'', [[Uladstir Scyttisc]]: ''Ulstèr'') is boldgetæl on [[Īrland]]. Hit hæf nigon scirum, syx scirum [[Norðerne Īrland|Norþerne Īrland]], ænd þri scirum [[Irland seo Cynewise|Īrland seo Cynewise]]. [[Belfæst]] is sio burg mæst. == Scira == * [[Antrimscīr|Antrimscir]] * [[Ardmachusscir]] * [[Cafanscīr|Cafanscir]] * [[Donegalscīr|Donegalscir]] * [[Dūnscīr|Dunscir]] * [[Fermanagh]] * [[Lundendeoryscīr|Lundendeoryscir]] odðe Deoryscir * [[Monahanscīr|Monahanscir]] * [[Tirowen|Tiroƿen]] [[Flocc:Īrland Cynewīse]] c639qbps1qo89a66kdt6f56iify7cdg 0 28524 231647 231627 2026-09-03T21:22:08Z Hogweard 485 231647 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ymele:Cn Tower Lake View (56256166).jpeg|right|thumb|250px|Torionto geond Ontariomere]] '''Ontariomere''' is se eaternmenta ðara fif [[Micela Meras of Norðamerican|Micelena Mera]] betwuh [[Canada]]n and þæm [[GRA|Genanedan Ricum American]]. Be his norþernum, westernum, and westsuðernum ecgum is [[Ontario]] þæt underrice se is Canadan dæl, ac be his suðernum strand and his easternum is [[Nīwe Eoforwīc]], Americanisc rice. Þissa þeodna landgemære iernð ðurh ðisses meres middel. On þæm Canadiscan healfe standaþ Cyningestun, Mississauga, Toronto, Hamiltun, and Scte Catharines. On ðæm Americaniscan healfe sind Hrofenceastre and Wætertun. Þes mere is se niðermesta þara Miclan Merena and hidere iernþ þa [[Sanctes Laurentes Ēa]] oþ Westsæ. {{Micle Meras}} [[Flocc:Micle Meras Norðamerican]] [[Flocc:Canadan meras]] 2izu0lh1g2kze5p94zzmflt4smkgj7d 0 28530 231643 231602 2026-09-03T16:17:28Z Juustila 142333 /* Eardas */ 231643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cyþþubox folcstede |nama = Eardas on Finnum |flocc = Maakunta ([[Finnisc sprǣc|Finnisc]]) |underrīce = |brǣdu = |lengu = |biliþ = Finland.regions.2000.svg |biliþ gewrit = Eardas on Finnum |motto = |ænglisc motto = |burgriht = |GDP getæl = |GDP ǣlcum hēafde = }} Andlang [[Finnland|Finnum]], þǣre be niġontīene '''eardas''' oððe landscipas ({{lang-fi|maakunta}}). Hēr be beleag swelċ a tale þon þēos eardas. == Eardas == {| class="wikitable sortable" style=white-space:nowrap !class="unsortable"| Fana !class=unsortable| Scild ! Englisc nama ! Niƿeænglisc nama<ref>{{cite web |title=Suomen hallintorakenteeseen ja maakuntauudistukseen liittyviä termejä sekä maakuntien ja kuntien nimet fi-sv-en-(ru) |url=https://vnk.fi/documents/10616/3457861/Suomen+hallintorakenteeseen+ja+maakuntauudistukseen+liittyvi%C3%A4+termej%C3%A4+sek%C3%A4+maakuntien+ja+kuntien+nimet+fi-sv-en-%28ru%29/974f7fc5-1466-c667-9787-381c5bd57603/Suomen+hallintorakenteeseen+ja+maakuntauudistukseen+liittyvi%C3%A4+termej%C3%A4+sek%C3%A4+maakuntien+ja+kuntien+nimet+fi-sv-en-%28ru%29.pdf |access-date=23 August 2019 |website=vnk.fi |pages=8–9 |archive-date=11 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611150344/https://vnk.fi/documents/10616/3457861/Suomen+hallintorakenteeseen+ja+maakuntauudistukseen+liittyvi%C3%A4+termej%C3%A4+sek%C3%A4+maakuntien+ja+kuntien+nimet+fi-sv-en-%28ru%29/974f7fc5-1466-c667-9787-381c5bd57603/Suomen+hallintorakenteeseen+ja+maakuntauudistukseen+liittyvi%C3%A4+termej%C3%A4+sek%C3%A4+maakuntien+ja+kuntien+nimet+fi-sv-en-%28ru%29.pdf |url-status=live |accessdate=30 August 2026 |archivedate=11 June 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611150344/https://vnk.fi/documents/10616/3457861/Suomen+hallintorakenteeseen+ja+maakuntauudistukseen+liittyvi%C3%A4+termej%C3%A4+sek%C3%A4+maakuntien+ja+kuntien+nimet+fi-sv-en-%28ru%29/974f7fc5-1466-c667-9787-381c5bd57603/Suomen+hallintorakenteeseen+ja+maakuntauudistukseen+liittyvi%C3%A4+termej%C3%A4+sek%C3%A4+maakuntien+ja+kuntien+nimet+fi-sv-en-%28ru%29.pdf }}</ref> ! [[Finnisc sprǣc|Finnisc]] nama ! [[Swēonisċ sprǣċ|Swēonisċ]] nama ! ISO ! Heafodstol ! Bradnes<br>(km²) ! Buenda<br>(2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pxdata.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/Kuntien_avainluvut/Kuntien_avainluvut__2021/kuntien_avainluvut_2021_viimeisin.px/|title=Municipal key figures / With the 2021 regional division / Municipal key figures|publisher=[[Statistics Finland]]|access-date=19 August 2023|archive-date=13 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813073706/https://pxdata.stat.fi/PxWeb/pxweb/en/Kuntien_avainluvut/Kuntien_avainluvut__2021/kuntien_avainluvut_2021_viimeisin.px/|url-status=live}}</ref> !Density (per km²) |- | |[[File:Lapin_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg|54x54px|Lapland]] | [[Lappaland on Finnum|Lappaland]] | Lapland | {{lang|fi|Lappi}} | {{lang|sv|Lappland}} |FI-10 | align="right" | [[Roawenæss|Roaƿenæss]]<!--Rovaniemi--> |align=right| 92,674 |align=right|176,494 |1.90 |- | |[[File:Pohjois-Pohjanmaan_vaakuna.svg|46x46px|North Ostrobothnia]] | [[Nōrðœastbodan]] | Northeast Bottom | {{lang|fi|Pohjois-Pohjanmaa}} | {{lang|sv|Norra Österbotten}} |FI-14 | align="right" | [[Ulēabeorg]]<!--Oulu--> |align=right| 36,815 |align=right|415,603 |11.29 |- | [[File:Flag_of_Kainuu.svg|40x40px|Kainuu]] |[[File:Kainuu.vaakuna.svg|47x47px|Kainuu]] | [[Caġanland]] | Kainuu | {{lang|fi|Kainuu}} | {{lang|sv|Kajanaland}} |FI-05 | align="right" | [[Caġanburh]]<!--Kajaani--> |align=right| 20,197 |align=right|71,255 |3.53 |- | [[File:North_karelia_flag.svg|40x40px|North Karelia]] |[[File:Pohjois-Karjala.vaakuna.svg|42x42px|North Karelia]] | [[Norþcareland]] | North Karelia | {{lang|fi|Pohjois-Karjala}} | {{lang|sv|Norra Karelen}} |FI-13 | align="right" | [[Ġeonmūþa]]<!--Joensuu--> |align=right| 17,761 |align=right|163,281 |9.19 |- | [[File:Flag_of_Northern_Savonia.svg|40x40px|North Savo]] |[[File:Pohjois-Savo.vaakuna.svg|46x46px|North Savo]] | [[Norþsawoleax]] | North Savolax | |{{lang|fi|Pohjois-Savo}} | {{lang|sv|Norra Savolax}} |FI-15 | align="right" | [[Cuopio]]<!--Kuopio--> |align=right| 16,768 |align=right|248,363 |14.81 |- | [[File:Flag_of_South_Savonia.svg|40x40px|South Savo]] |[[File:Etelä-Savo.vaakuna.svg|46x46px|South Savo]] | [[Sūþsawoleax]] | South Savolax | {{lang|fi|Etelä-Savo}} | {{lang|sv|Södra Savolax}} |FI-04 | align="right" | [[Sancte Michahelestede]]<!--Mikkeli--> |align=right| 14,257 |align=right|131,688 |9.24 |- | |[[File:Etelä-Karjala.vaakuna.svg|46x46px|South Karelia]] | [[Sūþcareland]] | South Carelen | {{lang|fi|Etelä-Karjala}} | {{lang|sv|Södra Karelen}} |FI-02 | align="right" | [[Wildemannstrand|Ƿildemannstrand]]<!--Lappeenranta--> |align=right| 5,327 |align=right|126,107 |23.67 |- | [[File:Keski-suomi_lippu.svg|40x40px|Central Finland]] |[[File:Keski-Suomi_Coat_of_Arms.svg|40x40px|Central Finland]] | [[Midfinnland]] | Central Finland | {{lang|fi|Keski-Suomi}} | {{lang|sv|Mellersta Finland}} |FI-08 | align="right" | [[Gywæsbȳ]] |align=right| 16,703 |align=right|272,683 |16.33 |- | [[File:Flag_of_Southern_Ostrobothnia.svg|40x40px|South Ostrobothnia]] |[[File:Etelä-Pohjanmaan_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg|56x56px|South Ostrobothnia]] | [[Sūðœastbodan]] | Southeast Bottom | {{lang|fi|Etelä-Pohjanmaa}} | {{lang|sv|Södra Österbotten}} |FI-03 | align="right" | [[Ēasteremīere]]<!--Seinäjoki--> |align=right| 13,444 |align=right|191,762 |14.26 |- | |[[File:Pohjanmaan_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg|47x47px|Ostrobothnia]] | [[Œastbodan]] | East Bottom | {{lang|fi|Pohjanmaa}} | {{lang|sv|Österbotten}} |FI-12 | align="right" | [[Weasa|Ƿeasa]]<!--Vaasa--> |align=right| 7,753 |align=right|176,041 |22.71 |- | [[File:Keski-Pohjanmaa.lippu.svg|40x40px|Central Ostrobothnia]] |[[File:Keski-Pohjanmaa.vaakuna.svg|51x51px|Central Ostrobothnia]] | [[Midœastbodan]] | Central East Bottom | {{lang|fi|Keski-Pohjanmaa}} | {{lang|sv|Mellersta&nbsp;Österbotten}} |FI-07 | align="right" | [[Ceorlebȳ]]<!--Kokkola--> |align=right| 5,020 |align=right|67,915 |13.53 |- | [[File:Flag_of_Pirkanmaa.svg|40x40px|Pirkanmaa]] |[[File:Pirkanmaa.vaakuna.svg|41x41px|Pirkanmaa]] | [[Bierċeland]] | Birchland | {{lang|fi|Pirkanmaa}} | {{lang|sv|Birkaland}} |FI-11 | align="right" | [[Tæmmereford]] |align=right| 12,585 |align=right|527,478 |41.91 |- | [[File:Satakunta-flag.svg|40x40px|Satakunta]] | [[File:Satakunta.vaakuna.svg|56x56px|Satakunta]] | [[Satagundland]] | Satakunta | {{lang|fi|Satakunta}} | {{lang|sv|Satakunta}} |FI-17 | align="right" | [[Biornburh]]<!--Pori--> |align=right| 7,820 |align=right|214,281 |27.40 |- | [[File:Päijät-Häme.lippu.svg|53x53px|Päijät-Häme]] |[[File:Päijät-Häme.vaakuna.svg|47x47px|Päijät-Häme]] | [[Pæiġæt and Tafæistaland]] | Päijät-Tavastland | {{lang|fi|Päijät-Häme}} | {{lang|sv|Päijänne-Tavastland}} |FI-16 | align="right" | [[Læhtis]]<!--Lahti--> |align=right| 5,125 |align=right|205,124 |40.02 |- | [[File:Flag_of_Tavastia_Proper.svg|40x40px|Kanta-Häme]] |[[File:Kanta-Häme.vaakuna.svg|48x48px|Kanta-Häme]] | [[Āgenlīc Tafæistaland]] | Own-like Tavastland | {{lang|fi|Kanta-Häme}} | {{lang|sv|Egentliga Tavastland}} |FI-06 | align="right" | [[Tæfesteburh]]<!--Hämeenlinna--> |align=right| 5,199 |align=right|170,213 |32.74 |- | |[[File:Kymenlaakson_maakunnan_vaakuna.svg|44x44px|Kymenlaakso]] | [[Cymenedele]] | Cymenedale | {{lang|fi|Kymenlaakso}} | {{lang|sv|Kymmenedalen}} |FI-09 | align="right" | [[Cotta]]<!--Kotka--> and [[Cōfola]]<!--Kouvola-->{{efn|"Cymenedele is sēo āne sċīr þe hæfþ twā [[heafodstol]]as, þāra is Cotta þæt ambyhtlice sċīrsetl and Cōfola þæt ġerefstōl.}} |align=right| 5,149 |align=right|161,391 |31.34 |- | [[File:Flag_of_Uusimaa.svg|40x40px|Uusimaa]] |[[File:Uusimaa.vaakuna.svg|47x47px|Uusimaa]] | [[Nīwland on Finnum|Nīƿland]] | Newland | {{lang|fi|Uusimaa}} | {{lang|sv|Nyland}} |FI-18 | align="right" | [[Helsingford]] |align=right| 9,097 |align=right|1,714,741 |188.50 |- | |[[File:Varsinais-Suomen.vaakuna.svg|55x55px|Southwest Finland]] | [[Sūðwestfinland|Sūðƿestfinland]] | Southwest Finland | {{lang|fi|Varsinais-Suomi}} | {{lang|sv|Egentliga Finland}} |FI-19 | align="right" | [[Ēabūan]]<!--Turku--> |align=right| 10,663 |align=right|483,477 |45.34 |- | [[File:Flag_of_Åland.svg|40x40px|Åland]] |[[File:Coat of arms of Åland 3.svg|55x55px|Åland]] | [[Ealendisca Iega|Ēaland]] | Ealand ''or'' Riverland | {{lang|fi|Ahvenanmaa}} | {{lang|sv|Åland}} |AX and<br>FI-01 | align="right" | [[Marīahæfen]] |align=right| 1,553 |align=right|30,344 |19.54 |} === Former region === {| class="wikitable" style=white-space:nowrap |- ! Scild ! Nama ! Official English name<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stat.fi/meta/luokitukset/maakunta/001-2010/index_en.html|title=Regions of Finland 2010|website=Statistics Finland|access-date=21 February 2019|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929160049/https://www.stat.fi/meta/luokitukset/maakunta/001-2010/index_en.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ! [[Finnisc sprǣc|Finnisc]] nama ! [[Swēonisċ sprǣċ|Swēonisċ]] nama ! Heafodstol ! Dissolution (date) |- | [[File:Itä-Uusimaa.vaakuna.svg|40px]] | [[Eastnīwland on Finnum|Eastnīƿland]] | Eastern Uusimaa |'''Itä-Uusimaa''' | {{lang|fi|Itä-Uusimaa}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/ajankohtaista/tiedotteet/tiedote/fi.jsp?oid=274585 |title=Valtioneuvosto päätti Uudenmaan ja Itä-Uudenmaan maakuntien yhdistämisestä |date=22 October 2009 |publisher=Ministry of Finance |language=fi |access-date=30 December 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807084712/http://www.valtioneuvosto.fi/ajankohtaista/tiedotteet/tiedote/fi.jsp?oid=274585 |archive-date=7 August 2011 |accessdate=30 August 2026 |archivedate=15 July 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715072012/http://valtioneuvosto.fi/ajankohtaista/tiedotteet/tiedote/fi.jsp?oid=274585 }}</ref> | {{lang|sv|Östra Nyland}} | [[Burhēa]]<!--Porvoo--> | 1 January 2011 |} == Notas == <references group="lower-alpha"/> == Fruman == {{reflist}} {{Finnlandes eardas}} {{Europan rīcu be landum}} [[Flocc:Eardas on Finnum| ]] [[Flocc:Rīcu on Europan þāra land|Finnum]] 6j1kiurzb02a3mvu476n8t0o9xr17hs 0 28556 231638 2026-09-03T16:08:43Z ~2026-47801-87 142332 Redirected page to [[Tæfesteburh]] 231638 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tæfesteburh]] muppa60zir2yew4qofz9pln6010c04l 0 28557 231639 2026-09-03T16:10:27Z ~2026-47801-87 142332 Redirected page to [[Roawenæss]] 231639 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Roawenæss]] a2vpggkw20vuxrqq4y9xsjleehqjgn9 0 28558 231640 2026-09-03T16:12:28Z ~2026-47801-87 142332 Redirected page to [[Ulēabeorg]] 231640 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ulēabeorg]] 85eiizvmlwvwkbn3q51nuqwp5hwh1rv 0 28559 231641 2026-09-03T16:13:25Z ~2026-47801-87 142332 Redirected page to [[Gywæsbȳ]] 231641 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Gywæsbȳ]] kyf79j2veyf6uf72pwr5efs7aubv3y6 0 28560 231642 2026-09-03T16:14:36Z ~2026-47801-87 142332 Redirected page to [[Marīahæfen]] 231642 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Marīahæfen]] b8pw87l3pvwi7jnrn8g9czmem6bvyac 828 28562 231648 2026-09-03T22:28:16Z Hamish 105716 [IPE-NEXT] Quick edit imported from [[:w:en:Module:Exponential search]] 231648 Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides a generic exponential search algorithm. require[[strict]] local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType local floor = math.floor local function midPoint(lower, upper) return floor(lower + (upper - lower) / 2) end local function search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) if testFunc(i) then if i + 1 == upper then return i end lower = i if upper then i = midPoint(lower, upper) else i = i * 2 end return search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) else upper = i i = midPoint(lower, upper) return search(testFunc, i, lower, upper) end end return function (testFunc, init) checkType('Exponential search', 1, testFunc, 'function') checkType('Exponential search', 2, init, 'number', true) if init and (init < 1 or init ~= floor(init) or init == math.huge) then error(string.format( "invalid init value '%s' detected in argument #2 to " .. "'Exponential search' (init value must be a positive integer)", tostring(init) ), 2) end init = init or 2 if not testFunc(1) then return nil end return search(testFunc, init, 1, nil) end jqqi8l27tb73lglksbukg2g3bzt3fmv 0 28563 231650 2026-09-03T23:06:25Z Rylesbourne 125148 Nīwe tramet: {{Cyþþubox folcstede |nama = Cymenedele |flocc = [[Eardas on Finnum|Earda on Finnum]] |biliþ = Kouvola aerial 2.jpg |biliþ gewrit = Cymenes ēa |rice = {{flag|Finnland}} |underrīce = }} '''Cymenedele''' ({{lang-sv|Kymmenedalen}}; {{lang-fi|Kymenlaakso}}) is [[Finnland|Finnum]] underrīce on Sūþfinnum. His heafodstolas be [[Cotta]] and [[Cōfola]]. {{Finnlandes eardas}} {{stycce}} Flocc... 231650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cyþþubox folcstede |nama = Cymenedele |flocc = [[Eardas on Finnum|Earda on Finnum]] |biliþ = Kouvola aerial 2.jpg |biliþ gewrit = Cymenes ēa |rice = {{flag|Finnland}} |underrīce = }} '''Cymenedele''' ({{lang-sv|Kymmenedalen}}; {{lang-fi|Kymenlaakso}}) is [[Finnland|Finnum]] underrīce on Sūþfinnum. His heafodstolas be [[Cotta]] and [[Cōfola]]. {{Finnlandes eardas}} {{stycce}} [[Flocc:Cymenedele| ]] [[Flocc:Eardas on Finnum|Cymenedele]] swenlygr3q09tyt682puqwguz5ms6s8 0 28564 231653 2026-09-04T11:47:36Z ~2026-46890-37 142360 Nīwe tramet: '''Oviul Maruf''' (born December 3, 2007) is a Bangladeshi photographer known for his fine art nature photography series ''Botanical Silence''. His work has been featured in various international art platforms and magazines, including ''L'Œil de la Photographie'', ''Collater.al'', ''Byron Magazine'', and ''Lenscratch''<ref name="loeil">[https://loeildelaphotographie.com/en/oviul-maruf/ "Oviul Maruf"]. ''The Eye of Photography Magazine'', May 30, 2026.</ref><ref name="collater... 231653 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oviul Maruf''' (born December 3, 2007) is a Bangladeshi photographer known for his fine art nature photography series ''Botanical Silence''. His work has been featured in various international art platforms and magazines, including ''L'Œil de la Photographie'', ''Collater.al'', ''Byron Magazine'', and ''Lenscratch''<ref name="loeil">[https://loeildelaphotographie.com/en/oviul-maruf/ "Oviul Maruf"]. ''The Eye of Photography Magazine'', May 30, 2026.</ref><ref name="collateral">[https://www.collater.al/en/botanical-silence-oviul-maruf-photography/ "The Magic of Botany Through Oviul Maruf's Lens"]. ''Collater.al'', March 19, 2026.</ref><ref name="byron">[https://www.byronmagazine.com/news/botanical-silence "The Quiet Poetry of Flowers"]. ''Byron Magazine'', August 16, 2026.</ref><ref name="lenscratch">Smithson, Aline. [https://lenscratch.com/2026/07/the-2026-still-life-exhibition-2/busket-flowers-by-oviul-maruf-oviul-maruf-2/ "busket flowers by oviul maruf - Oviul Maruf"]. ''LENSCRATCH'', September 2, 2026.</ref>. == Early life and education == Oviul Maruf was born on December 3, 2007, in Habiganj District, Bangladesh<ref name="worthwhile">[https://www.worthwhile-magazine.com/articles/a-conversation-with-photographer-oviul-maruf "A Conversation with Photographer Oviul Maruf"]. ''Worthwhile Magazine'', July 17, 2026.</ref>. He completed his Secondary School Certificate (SSC) in 2024 and his Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) in 2026 at Jalalabad Cantonment Public School and College in Sylhet<ref name="earth">[https://earth.org/eo-photographers/oviul-maruf/ "Oviul Maruf"]. ''Earth.Org'', August 16, 2026.</ref><ref name="projonmo">[https://www.projonmokotha.com/youth/13391/ "তরুণ আলোকচিত্রী মারুফের 'বোটানিক্যাল সাইলেন্স', প্রকৃতির সৌন্দর্যে আন্তর্জাতিক স্বীকৃতি"]. ''Projonmo Kotha'', August 28, 2026.</ref>. == Photography career == Maruf began practicing photography in 2022. His work primarily focuses on natural forms and light, described by ''Collater.al'' magazine as exploring "subtle visual structures"<ref name="collateral" /><ref name="wallmag">[https://magazine.wallmag.io/long-exposure-through-my-lens-an-interview-with-photographer-oviul-maruf/ "Long Exposure Through My Lens: An Interview with Photographer Oviul Maruf"]. ''Wallmag'', May 15, 2026.</ref>. His notable photo series include: * '''''Botanical Silence''''': A minimalist series focusing on the structural forms of plants and foliage<ref name="collateral" /><ref name="artbeatbuzz">[https://www.artbeatbuzz.com/post/pictures-of-the-week-check-out-the-long-exposure-photos-from-one-of-our-talented-international-read "Pictures of the week: Check out the long exposure photos"]. ''Art Beat Buzz''.</ref>. == Awards == * Champion – ''Sylhet Environment Summit Photography Competition''<ref name="earth" /><ref name="projonmo" /><ref name="bicoastal">[https://www.bicoastalreview.com/oviulmaruf "Oviul Maruf"]. ''Bicoastal Review'', August 16, 2026.</ref><ref name="fotografiska">[https://emerging.fotografiska.com/oviulmaruf "Oviul Maruf"]. ''Fotografiska Emerging''.</ref>. == References == {{reflist}} qpc51788yau78yzgrukj5uyzdbdfr30