Wikipǣdia angwiki https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heafodtramet MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Syndrig Mōtung Brūcend Brūcendmōtung Wikipǣdia Wikipǣdiamōtung Ymele Ymelmōtung MediaWiki MediaWikimōtung Bysen Bysenmōtung Help Helpmōtung Flocc Floccmōtung TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2028 232025 230792 2026-09-23T14:55:25Z Ethanyichenyu 131963 232025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{english}}{{Infobox Country | native_name = מדינת ישראל<br />(Medīnat Yisra'el)<br />دولة إسرائيل<br />(Dawlat Isrā'īl) | common_name = Israel | image_flag = Flag of Israel.svg | image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_Israel.svg| national_motto = nān | image_map = LocationIsrael.png | national_anthem = ''[[Hatikvah]]'' | official_languages = [[Hebrēisc sprǣc|Hebrēisc]], [[Arabisc sprǣc|Arabisc]] | capital = [[Hierusalem]]^{[[#Footnotes|1]]} | latd=31|latm=47|latNS=N|longd=35|longm=13|longEW=E| government_type = [[Parliamentary democracy]] | leader_titles = [[Foresittend]]<br />[[Fyrmestscealc]] | leader_names = [[Isaac Herzog]] (יצחק הרצוג)<br />[[Benjamin Netanyahu]] (בנימין נתניהו) | largest_city = [[Hierusalem]] | area = 20,770 | area_rank = 150th | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | percent_water = ~2% | population_estimate = 8,051,200 | population_estimate_year = 2013 | population_estimate_rank = 97th | population_census = 6,780,000 | population_census_year = 2003 | population_density = 333 | population_density_rank = 19ða | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $163.44 billiona | GDP_PPP_rank = 52nd | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $22,944 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 30ða | HDI_year = 2003 | HDI = 0.915 | HDI_rank = 23rd | HDI_category = <span style=color:#090>high</span> | sovereignty_type = [[Selfdōm]] | established_events = &nbsp;- [[Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel|Declaration]] | established_dates = From the [[League of Nations mandate]] administered by the [[Geānlǣhte Cynerīce]]<br />[[14 Þrimilcemōnaþ]] [[1948]] (05 [[Iyar]] 5708) | currency = [[Nīwu Israēlisc entse]] (₪) | currency_code = ILS | time_zone = [[UTC]]+2 | utc_offset = | time_zone_DST = [[UTC]]+3 | utc_offset_DST = | cctld = [[.il]] | calling_code = 972 | footnotes = | }} '''Ȳsrahēl''' þæt land ([[Hebrēisc sprǣc|Hebrēisce]]: <span dir="rtl" style="font-size: 1.15em; font-family: 'SBL Hebrew', 'David', 'Narkisim', 'Miriam', 'Arial', serif; font-style: normal;" class="scHebr">מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל</span>; ''Medinat Yisra'el''; [[Arabisc sprǣc|Arabisce]]: دَوْلَةْ إِسْرَائِيل, ''Dawlat Isrā'īl'') is land in þǣm [[Middel Ēast|Middlum Ēaste]] on þǣm ēasternan riman þæs [[Wendelsǣ|Ƿendelsǣ]]s. Hē is [[Parliamentisc system|folcgemōtisc]] [[democracy|lēodþing]] and se āna [[Iudēisc landrīce]] þǣre ƿorulde. Se nama "Israēl" cymþ of þǣre [[Hebrēisc Biblioþēce|Hebrēiscan Biblioþēcan]], þa þe hātte [[Tanakh]], þǣrinn [[Iacobus]] biþ ednemnod Israēl æfter þǣm þe hē ƿrixlode mid diernum fīend <!--wrestling with a mysterious adversary--> ("ƿer", and ufor "god" æfter þǣre [[Cnēorisbōc (Eald Gewitnes)|Cnēorisbēc]] 32:24-30; oþþe "se engel", æfter þǣm [[Bōc Hosean|Hosean]] 12:4). ==Stǣr== ===Gefyrnnes=== [[File:Vista general de Masada.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Gefealnisa on þǣm efen hēafod þæs ceoselhīwedes hēahbeorges, ymbsetted æt þǣm īeðelande. Ōðre hēahbeorgas sind sewen in þǣm bæcgrunde. |[[Masada]] beorg, [[Þēodlica tæcnum on Israhēlum|þēodlic tæcn]]]] Se ymbeþanc þæs "[[Israhēlisces Land]]", cnāƿen in Hebrēiscre spræce sƿā ''Eretz Yisrael'' (oþþe ''Eretz Yisroel''), ƿæs and is ƿihtig and hālig for Iudeiscum lēode siþþan bibliþēcanlican tīman. In þǣre [[Eald Ǣ|Ǣ]], [[Promised Land|ƿeddod]] God þæt land tō þǣm þrim [[Ealdfæder|Lēodfrumum]] þæs Iudeisces lēode. On þǣm staðole ǣ, se rūm þæs þrēora Lēodfruman is geseted gehƿǣr in þæs ǣrlicum ōðerum þūsandgēar&nbsp;BCE, and se ǣrost [[Israhēl þæt Cynedōm|Israhēlisc Cyningdōm]] ƿæs staðolod ymbe þǣm endleofeða hūndredgeare BCE. Nēahfolgiende [[Eald Israhēles and Iudean stǣr|Israhēlisc cyningdōmas and rīcu]] geƿealden intermittently ofer þǣm nīehst fēoƿer hūndred geara, and sind cnāƿen fram syndrig frumum ūtan þǣre Biblioþece. Se norþerna cyningdōm Israhēlisces, sƿā sƿā Philistine burg rīcu gefylled in 722 BCE, þēah þæs sūþernes [[Iudea Cyningdōm]] and ānlīep Phoenician burg rīcu āƿunod hira bistandung sƿā þǣm landscipe gecumen under [[Assyria]]n ƿealdung. Mid þæt cumung of [[Babylonia]]ns, Iudah ƿæs gefylled ēac. <gallery> Biliþ:Temple Mount Western Wall on Shabbat by David Shankbone.jpg Biliþ:(2691) Tel Aviv.jpg Biliþ:Judea 2 by David Shankbone.jpg Biliþ:Brechat ram mt hermon.JPG </gallery> {{commons|Israel|Israhēl}} {{stycce}} {{Land on Asie}} [[Flocc:Hāligdomes gemǣnelīcu þing.]] 97m28e1ihgjiezppmtud3wn0dybuqeo 0 3758 232024 192344 2026-09-23T14:48:54Z Ethanyichenyu 131963 232024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Biliþ:Vienanmeren kartta.png|thumb|right|[[Barents Sea]], [[Kola Næs]] and se Cƿēnsǣ.]] {{english}} '''Cƿēnsǣ''' (Бе́лое мо́ре) is inlet of the [[Barents Sea]] on [[Russland]]es norðƿesternum sǣrime. He is be [[Karelia|Karelie]] ymbeclypped be ƿestum, and [[Kola næs]] be norþum. The important port of [[Arkhangelsk]] stent on Cƿēnsǣ. For much of Russena stǣre ƿæs þes Russena hēafodstōƿe for elelendiscum sǣceapunge, sēo dydon þa [[Pomor]]as ("sæhealf setlendas") of [[Kholmogory]]. In the modern era it ƿearð hine important Sofiet sciphere and undersæbat ƿic. [[Biliþ:modis_white_sea.jpg|thumb|left|Tƿā ymbeorþryna onlīcnessa þæs Cƿēnsǣs]] <!-- satellite word? I used "ymbeorþryna"--> Se [[Cwēnsǣ-Ōstsǣ Wæterweg|Cƿēnsǣ-Ōstsǣ Ƿæterƿeg]] fēgþ þone Cƿēnsǣ mid þǣm [[Ōstsǣ]]. Eall Cƿēnsǣ is under Russiscum ealdordōme (se is man hine geþōht tō bēonne inlicu ƿæter [[Russland]]es). {{commons|Category:White Sea}} [[Flocc:Sǣ]] ffk2a4bv9ekwi5pm8afmna2p69r1wng 0 10141 232029 215664 2026-09-23T19:49:02Z ~2026-51280-11 142897 232029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Background = solo_singer |Birth_name = Taylor Alison Swift |Born = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1989|12|13}}<br />[[Hwyomesieg, Pennsylvania|Hƿyomesieg]], [[Pennsyluanie|Pennsylfanie]], [[Geanedan Ricu America|Geanedan Ricu]] |Origin = |Instrument = Stefn, ȝitārre, piano,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/01-30-2009/0004963493&EDATE=|title=Taylor Swift, Billboard's Best-Selling Artist of 2008, Announces 'Fearless 2009' Headlining Tour|date=2009-01-30|publisher=Big Machine Records|accessdate=2009-01-30|archivedate=2009-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606151121/http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F01-30-2009%2F0004963493&EDATE=}}</ref> [[ukulele]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/chartblog/2009/02/taylor_swift_the_interview.shtml|title=Taylor Swift... The Interview!|date=2009-02-17|publisher=BBC Radio One|accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> |Genre = [[Hinderƿeald glīƿdrēam|Hinderƿeald]], [[hinderƿealdpop]] |Voice_type = [[Soprano]] |Occupation = Singestre-songƿrītestre, ȝitārrestre, scēaƿestre |Years_active = 2006–nū |Label = [[Big Machine Records|Big Machine]], Republic Records |Associated_acts = [[Haim]], [[Ed Sheeran]] |URL = http://www.taylorswift.com }} '''Taylor Alison Swift''' ({{lang-ang|Tǣlohr Ēælæsson Swifte}}) (ȝeboren 13 Ȝēolmōnaþ, 1989) is Americanisc singestre-songƿrītestre, ȝitārrestre, and scēaƿestre. == Leabharliosta == In 2006, hēo ālīesode hire fyrmest ānsong "Tim McGraw," þe tō rīme 6 on þǣm ''[[Billboard (mōnaþbōc)|Billboard]]'' Hinderƿeald hāda rās. Latera in Ƿinterfylleðe 2006, hēo ālīsode hire selfnamod sanghord, þe fīf grēat ānsangas hæfde on þǣm Billboard ''[[Hot Country Songs]]'' hādum. Þā ''[[New York Times]] (Nīƿēoforƿīċ Tīdunga)'' cƿæþ þæt Swift "ān popa grēatost songƿrītestran, hinderƿealdes foremæst sōðestre, and ċenn hire innan līf mā þonne mæste ȝeƿintredmenn" biþ.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/21/arts/music/21cara.html?_r=1|title=Sounds of Swagger and Sob Stories |date=2008-12-19|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=2008-12-20}}</ref> Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Speak Now'', on Tīƿesdæȝ, 20 Mǣdmōnþe 2010 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 25 Ƿinterfylleþ 2010 ālīesan.<ref>[http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/31894783/taylors_time_catching_up_with_taylor_swift/1 Taylor's Time: Catching Up With Taylor Swift] - Retrieved January 25, 2010, 11:08 AM Rolling Stone.com</ref> Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Red'', on 2012 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2012 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''1989'', on 2014 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2014 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Reputation'', on 2017 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2017 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Lover'', on 2019 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2019 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Folklore'', on 2020 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2020 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Evermore'', on 2020 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2020 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Midnights'', on 2022 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2022 ālīesan. == Fruman == {{reflist|2}} [[Flocc:Lēode]] [[Flocc:Geboren in 1989]] [[Flocc:Ƿīf]] [[Flocc:Glīƿdrēam]] [[Flocc:Sangestre]] 0j1ewkgxn3pvs1rbghf20k76gxtm2az 232030 232029 2026-09-23T19:55:18Z ~2026-51280-11 142897 232030 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ymele:Taylor Swift at the Golden Globes 2024 (Enhanced, cropped).jpg|thumb|300x300px|Tǣlohr Swifte (2024)]] {{Infobox musical artist |Background = solo_singer |Birth_name = Taylor Alison Swift |Born = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1989|12|13}}<br />[[Hwyomesieg, Pennsylvania|Hƿyomesieg]], [[Pennsyluanie|Pennsylfanie]], [[Geanedan Ricu America|Geanedan Ricu]] |Origin = |Instrument = Stefn, ȝitārre, piano,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/01-30-2009/0004963493&EDATE=|title=Taylor Swift, Billboard's Best-Selling Artist of 2008, Announces 'Fearless 2009' Headlining Tour|date=2009-01-30|publisher=Big Machine Records|accessdate=2009-01-30|archivedate=2009-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606151121/http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F01-30-2009%2F0004963493&EDATE=}}</ref> [[ukulele]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/chartblog/2009/02/taylor_swift_the_interview.shtml|title=Taylor Swift... The Interview!|date=2009-02-17|publisher=BBC Radio One|accessdate=2009-02-17}}</ref> |Genre = [[Hinderƿeald glīƿdrēam|Hinderƿeald]], [[hinderƿealdpop]] |Voice_type = [[Soprano]] |Occupation = Singestre-songƿrītestre, ȝitārrestre, scēaƿestre |Years_active = 2006–nū |Label = [[Big Machine Records|Big Machine]], Republic Records |Associated_acts = [[Haim]], [[Ed Sheeran]] |URL = http://www.taylorswift.com |Img=}} '''Taylor Alison Swift''' ({{lang-ang|Tǣlohr Ēælæsson Swifte}}) (ȝeboren 13 Ȝēolmōnaþ, 1989) is Americanisc singestre-songƿrītestre, ȝitārrestre, and scēaƿestre. == Leabharliosta == In 2006, hēo ālīesode hire fyrmest ānsong "Tim McGraw," þe tō rīme 6 on þǣm ''[[Billboard (mōnaþbōc)|Billboard]]'' Hinderƿeald hāda rās. Latera in Ƿinterfylleðe 2006, hēo ālīsode hire selfnamod sanghord, þe fīf grēat ānsangas hæfde on þǣm Billboard ''[[Hot Country Songs]]'' hādum. Þā ''[[New York Times]] (Nīƿēoforƿīċ Tīdunga)'' cƿæþ þæt Swift "ān popa grēatost songƿrītestran, hinderƿealdes foremæst sōðestre, and ċenn hire innan līf mā þonne mæste ȝeƿintredmenn" biþ.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/21/arts/music/21cara.html?_r=1|title=Sounds of Swagger and Sob Stories |date=2008-12-19|publisher=The New York Times|accessdate=2008-12-20}}</ref> Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Speak Now'', on Tīƿesdæȝ, 20 Mǣdmōnþe 2010 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 25 Ƿinterfylleþ 2010 ālīesan.<ref>[http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/31894783/taylors_time_catching_up_with_taylor_swift/1 Taylor's Time: Catching Up With Taylor Swift] - Retrieved January 25, 2010, 11:08 AM Rolling Stone.com</ref> Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Red'', on 2012 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2012 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''1989'', on 2014 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2014 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Reputation'', on 2017 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2017 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Lover'', on 2019 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2019 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Folklore'', on 2020 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2020 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Evermore'', on 2020 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2020 ālīesan. Hēo cȳðde hire forþcumende sanghord, cūþ sƿā ''Midnights'', on 2022 bȳ ƿebbsprǣċe. Man sceal hit on 2022 ālīesan. == Fruman == {{reflist|2}} [[Flocc:Lēode]] [[Flocc:Geboren in 1989]] [[Flocc:Ƿīf]] [[Flocc:Glīƿdrēam]] [[Flocc:Sangestre]] 7rw98imba9e35s189aym2ql3ji5xvaj 5 11273 232026 221418 2026-09-23T19:20:00Z Eaþmod Þéow 142896 232026 wikitext text/x-wiki ==N== ===Newspaper=== Not sure if there's a word for this floating around. I'd suggest '''tīdung-gewrit''' ("tīdung" because it means news; it is also cognate to the word for newspaper in German and Swedish at least; and "gewrit" to specify the way it is presented). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:53, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Sounds great. Another evenly acceptable term can be '''spellȝeƿrit''', currently used on [[WS|Ƿikispell]]. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 07:51, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Righto. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 08:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Numbers=== Various numbers over a thousand need naming... I've seen mostly word borrowings; but that's not ideal, is it? We could say say þusend þusend for million, etc. but that could get lengthy. For million I propose '''oferþusend''' or '''forþusend'''. Comments, please. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 00:13, 16 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :Actually, I reckon that "million" should be '''selfþūsend''' (because a million is a thousand times itself). Then billion, '''ōðerselfþusend'''; trillion '''þriddeselfþūsend'''; etc. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:08, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::We are in danger of going too far into inauthenticity. In Norse you find ''þúsund þúsunda'' ("a thousand of thousands". We could adopt that: '''Þūsend þūsenda''' or '''Þūsend þūsendena''' or suchlike. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 11:36, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::That's all good with me. I just don't like seeing "milliona" being used in Englisc... Obviously, that could get somewhat tedious with larger numbers, I therefore also suggest the use of a phrase like "þūsend manigfealdod selfe twǣm" (e.g. "a billion") to coexist. Multiplication already does exist, of course. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 20:54, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Even in ''Niwum Englisce'' "billion" and "trillion" are troublesome because of different definitions each side of the pond and inconsistent use here in Britain. A letter in The Times this week urged their abandonment in favour of '''10¹²''' (or '''10⁹'''), '''10¹⁸''' and so forth. It appealed to me as a lapsed mathematician. If Modern English can't use these words we can hrdly use them for ''Englisc''! [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 22:22, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Yeah, I wasn't actually suggesting that "billion" be used; I was indicating meaning... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:35, 21 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::For something of this nature, I think our best bet is to look towards Icelandic and the like. See what yall can find there. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 14:39, 22 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::I don't; Icelandic uses borrowings for million upwards with long-count. I, personally, am fine with expressing numbers of a million and up by multiplication. I just don't want to use borrowings like "million", "billion", etc. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 23:48, 22 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) I should note that þusend þusend WAS found in the record for million. Occasionally, it was was þusend siðan þusend (which is more of a thousand times thousand). Sometimes it would be like "eleven hundred thousand" for 1.1 million, or a combination as such. I suggest we use þusend þusend, þusend-þusend, or a straight compound þusendþusend for million. Billion might just have to be three, so þusend þusend þusend. --[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 17:43, 29 Wēodmōnaþ 2017 (UTC) :We do have: :''Micel getel is ðæra haligra gasta, þe on Godes rice eardiað, be ðam cwæð se witega Daniel, "Þusend ðusenda ðenodon þam Heofonlican Wealdende, and ten ðusend siðan hundfealde ðusenda him mid wunodon."'' :("Many are counted of the holy ghosts, who inhabit God's kingdom, by whom spoke Daniel the prophet, "A thousand thousand served the Heavenly Lord, and ten thousand times a hundredfold thousands dwelt with him") :[[Brūcend:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Hogweard|mōtung]]) 17:48, 29 Wēodmōnaþ 2017 (UTC) ==O== ===Ocean=== This is by no means a new word, but rather checking usage; I saw "Atlantisc Gārsecg" ("Atlantic Ocean") being used on the article about Iceland. Wouldn't "geofon" be a better word to use in standard usage, as "gār-secg" seems to me to be mainly a poetic word? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 23:15, 27 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :In the OE [[Orosius]], '''gārsecg''' is used in plain, unpoetic text not only for "ocean" generally but for specific oceans. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:14, 13 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) Ah, well... Guess it is authentic and non-poetic then... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:45, 13 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Octopus=== #se '''eahtafōt''', transliteration of ''octopus''. #se '''kræken''', from historic examples and from other Germanic languages. — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 02:59, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :I always though of them as "eahtearma" since the tentacles seem more like arms in function to me, and octopuses are also called "cephalopod" ("head-foot") (because of their heads). So, are they feet their tentacles or their head? [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 02:15, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) ::For this choice, I was going by pure linguistics. Also see the 2nd choice (just added). — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 02:59, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :::How did our ancestors manage to miss mentioning octopuses or squid or polyps in any text? However, a cuttlefish is '''cudele''' or '''wāsescite''' ("ooze-sheet" or "slime-cornered"?). [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:18, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :The Anglo-Saxons were no great seafarers. I would say the most notable sea-fearing they ever did was probably to and around Great Britain, or perhaps some forced undesirable position on Viking ships (though I doubt that happened much if at all). Whether or not they knew of octopuses (I'm pretty sure they would have), they probably weren't very familiar with them (are there many octopuses in the shallows around Britain?). Possibly they didn't usually distinguish them from cuttlefishes? Certainly even today any various other Germanic languages some words for octopuses are also used for cuttlefish and even squid. It would seem that they were not well known in any ancient Germanic culture (I couldn't find any word for "octopus" in the Germanic Lexicon project search, which covers multiple sources, including two of the most comprehensive sources on the two most well documented ancient Germanic languages - Old Norse and Old English; and modern words for octopuses in various Germanic languages seem to be of rather recent source, since they are quite diverse). :Þēahhƿæðere mē þynceþ þæt þū scolde bet secȝan ƿord þā sind ȝelīcran "direct part-for-part translation" þonne "pure linguistics", Ƿōdenhelm, for þȳ ''ǣniȝ'' sprǣccræft is "pure linguistics". Ȝif þū ƿille brūcan "kræken" for þȳ þe hit is ȝelīc ƿorde þe is ȝebrocen on Alamannisce and Niðerlendisce for þisre ƿihte, and þe is ȝebrocen on missenlīcum ōðrum sprǣcum for ƿrǣtlīcum fīfle, þonne mē þynceþ þætte þū scolde ƿrītan "kraken" for þȳ þe hit is ȝelīcre þǣm ȝeƿritnum ƿordum þisra sprǣca, and neall folc spricþ sƿā hīe ƿǣren Ȝeānedrīcisc oþþe Canadisc. Ōðru ƿord fram missenlīcum Germaniscum sprǣcum: *hēafod-crabba - Īslendisc ''kolkrabbi'' (mē ne līcaþ sƿīðe, ac hit nis oferlīce yfel) *blæc/tælȝ-fisc - Sƿēoþēodisc ''bläckfisk'' and Alamannisc "Tintenfisch" *blæc/tælȝ-scēota - Norren ''blekksprut'' and Denisc "blæksprutte" ("sprut" mǣneþ sōþlīce "splash") Oþþe meahtlīce scoldon ƿē efne brūcan ƿord þe is ȝelīc þǣm ƿorde "cudele" (tō bȳsne "ȝrēat cudele" oþþe "hēafod-cudele" oþþe "earm-cudele" oþþe "brād cudele" oþþe "lanȝ cudele", and sƿā forþ). [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 07:29, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :Me ðinceð hit til, swylce '''blæcfisc'''. :Actually, octopuses and squid are found around the British coast if not in great shoals: the common octopus is known for climbing into lobster pots and helping itself, while even giant squid wash ashore on occasion (there are reports as far back as the 17th century). The problem is not that the beasties were unknown but whether anyone wrote the name down. Cuttlefish have long been valued for their ink (sepia) and cuttlebone, but the octopus is just a pest. Likewise, you can hardly move for jellyfish in some waters, but not a single reference comes down to us from ''Englisc'', nor starfish despite their commonness and distinctive oddity. :Clark Hall suggests '''walscite''' may mean cuttlefish or squid and that the work comes from ''sceotan'', so ooze-shooter, as they both shoot through the water with a jet of ink (as does the octopus, I believe).[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 22:34, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) ::For '''kræken''', ȝemynd '''slapen > slæpan''', and sƿa forþ. — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 02:41, 26 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :Mē līcaþ þæt ƿord "blæcfisc" ƿell ēac. Lā hƿæt, Ƿōdenhelm, þæt is sōþ. Ic ƿæs on dƿolan. [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 06:45, 26 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :Not the most relevant, but I think we should avoid the letter '''k''' in most of our Englisc stuff. After all, the Anglo-Saxons didn't often use it. I would recommend '''cræce''' or '''cræcen''' instead of '''kræken''' --[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 02:10, 30 Se Æfterra Gēola 2017 (UTC) ==P== ===Pamphlet=== þæt '''Ƿīsdōmȝeƿrit'''. Might not be dead-on, but I figured it's pretty close. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 11:51, 27 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Physics/Physical Science=== Se '''middangeardlīca ƿitancræft'''. '''ƿitancræft''' for "science" has a page already. '''middangeardlīc''' meaning terrestrial/not-metaphysical. '''fæstworld''' oþþe '''fæstworldlīc''' could also be useful, but the danger is that one moves away from the English cosmology and idea of what the world as we experience it is. — <font size="3">[[User:Eaþmod Þéow]]</font> ([[User talk:Eaþmod Þéow]]) 07:18, 23 Hāligmōnaþ 2026 (UTC) ===Plastic=== Sēo '''fōrscieppedness''' (partly inspired by the word itself, which means "shapeable" - after the shapeability of the unset form of plastic; but I used for/fōr (usually used as a prefix for emphasis) to distinguish it from an easily misunderstandable "scieppedness"). The Adjective would be '''fōrscieppedlic'''.[[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:23, 18 Se Æfterra Gēola 2010 (UTC) :Well, '''fōr''' is "journey" (from '''feran'''), and '''for-''' usually has an "against" element, but for the general idea, it might work better for "the plasticity," but maybe for the material itself, a variant of '''clǣȝ''' could work, as both clay and plastic are useful for being shapeable (and perhaps plastic is the modern clay). First idea I have right off is '''se nīƿclǣȝ'''. Any further ideas? — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 07:59, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Well, I've found it as a variant of "for-" (a suffix often of emphasis) in words like "fōrnēan"; although there's no particular reason to use it above "for-" - and therefore can be discarded for "for". If one is unwilling to take "-ness" for non-abstract, then I might suggest instead "(for)sceap-timber". "Nīwclǣg" doesn't seem too bad, though - although I hold yet a preference to the "sceap" idea... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 08:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Yeah '''-nes''' is mostly for abstract ideas, I cant recall right off if there are exceptions (lemme know if you find any), but I'd definitely interpret '''forscieppednes/forsceapnes''' as "plasticity" and the like. Sorry for the delayed reply on this one, but I cant always tackle these on the first time I see them; sometimes it just has to come to me. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 11:23, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Now try "polymerisation"! [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 12:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::::'''Mæniȝlingȝeþēodung''' :D — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 12:56, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) Actually the polymerisation process in plastics involves the joining together of hydrocarbon molecules, whether all of the same substance or of a combination of them, to create long-chain hydrocarbon molecules, which might be aligned ("crystaline") forms producing a high density polymers or unaligned producing a low-density polymer. A word with "chain" in it would work. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 18:23, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Perhaps, then, "lang-racent-gemot-lǣcing"? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:32, 30 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Playing cards === Hi, I was wondering what word we could have for playing cards. I was thinking it could could be "spilungcartan", although I prefer "spilcartan", as this would be more like other Germanic languages, like Dutch "speelkaarten" or Icelandic "spilakort". Anyone got any thoughts? --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 17:41, 25 Se Æfterra Gēola 2009 (UTC) :Sounds perfect — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᛁᚳ ᚻᚹᛁᛋᛈᚱᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛠᚱᛖᚾ ᚦᚪᚱᚪ ᛞᛠᛞᚪ...]] 18:44, 25 Se Æfterra Gēola 2009 (UTC) ::It would be ''spilkoarten'' in Saterlandic, so I think ''spilcartan'' sounds good :) --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] 19:31, 25 Se Æfterra Gēola 2009 (UTC) ===Police=== se '''Burgƿeard''' ===Political words=== On the political section of the article about Niwe Sæland, I've been using the following words (any comments, please?): *Constitutional monarchy - gesetedcund cynerīce (gesetedness - constitution, law, etc) :Perhaps '''cynedōm''' instead of '''cynerīce''' here: the latter refers to the realm and the former to the position of the king.[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 07:27, 25 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) *Election - wealdcēosung :or just ''cēosung'' [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 07:27, 25 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::True, I did use that in reference to election once it was clear what it was. Election does just literally mean "cēosung", too... Maybe it could just be "cēosung", and, if needs be, "wealdes" to classify (but as separate word). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:40, 26 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) *House of Executives - Gelǣstende hūs *House of Representatives - Hūs Fōrestandenda *Leader of the Opposition - Hēafodmann þæs Oferstealles *National - <s>Landþēawisc (lit. "land-traditional" (perhaps should be "þēod-þēawisc")</s>; folclic *Parliment - Gemōt (a little ambiguous, I admit, but it's authentic; and one can tell what's being spoken about in the relevant context; but perhaps I might use "witenagemōt"?) *Party (politics) - wealdþrēat *Politician - wealdsēcend *Politics - wealdscipe *Prime Minister - Forma Þegn *Sovereign - wieldende *Unicameral parliament - ānfeald gemōt * Vote - '''cyre''', ''(choice)'' noun derived from '''ċēosan''' [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:56, 25 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Politics=== se '''Laguþēaƿ''', '''þēaƿ''' being directly from ''politics/policy'', and '''lagu''' in order to clarify it as ''legal'' customs (as opposed to cultural customs) — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 11:27, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :There ought to be something along the lines of '''rǣdcræft''' or '''geþingecræft''', though I do not know of any authentic word. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 12:39, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Those sound pretty good too, although I feel that '''laguþēaƿ''' is a touch more specific, as it implies ''legal policy'', although whether it's a good term for ''politics'' as a whole, I'm not sure. '''Rǣdcræft''' might be a touch broad, sounding to me as "advice/council" (which could extend into business or financial advisors and whatnot). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 13:03, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Population/Census === '''Burgƿaru''' - population '''Lēodtelle''' - census ===Postal service=== '''Ærendþegnung''' for postal service. '''Ærendrūn''' for "postcode" (or "zip" if you are in Vinland). [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 22:29, 12 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :"Ærendþegnung" seems good, but couldn't -"rūn" be a bit ambiguous (as in "secret, mystery")? "Stafa" is more precise, but only singular in meaning. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:02, 13 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Yeah he's right on that. Although it's very common to think of "runes" as being a writing system, we should force ourselves to remember that they're "mysteries" (as in Heathen circles, we make a clear distinction between the mysterious forces themselves, '''runes''', and the written characters used to represent them, '''runestaves'''.) [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 06:28, 14 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Perhaps '''ærendsicorword''' or something such like ("messaging-certain/safe-word")? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:41, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::On the other hand the postcode is a ''code'', and ''rūn'' fits that. I can't think of any other word for "code". ''Rūn'' is also used for "sacrament", in the sense of "mystery". It seems to be of wide usage. (Postcodes are a mystery to me, and I've read the Royal Mail's postal addressing guide!) [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 20:14, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::I'd be willing to give '''ærend-rūn-word''' a try... It specifies it as something linguistic or ''written'' as opposed to the more ultimate concept of simply "mystery". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:00, 17 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Prairie=== I'm wondering if we could use "'''preariġ'''" for prairie. See West Frisian ''prêrje'', North Frisian ''prerii'', Dutch ''prairie'', and German ''prärie''. I'll add more later. [[Brūcend:TheDingusDingo|TheDingusDingo]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:TheDingusDingo|motung]]) 04:55, 20 Eastermonað 2025 (UTC) :I don't like the look of that. The word is French, derived from Latin, and only appeared late even in that language. We have several derivatives from ''wong'' / ''wang'', which is the Englisc equivalent in origin. '''Gærswong''' is a grassy plain, while '''eorþwong''' is the plain of the Earth but might work, or '''landwong'''. We also have '''emnland''' or '''emnett''' for level land. :We could use the same term for the Russian steppe. Whenever that land is described in Orosius it is by reference to the Scythians living there, or its unwæstmbærnesse, rather than giving a specific term. My research is limited though. [[Brūcend:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Hogweard|motung]]) 13:01, 20 Eastermonað 2025 (UTC) ::I wonder, what about the Mammoth steppes? Honestly, ''(eorþ; land; or gærs)wongwisent'' (steppe bison) and ''wongwisent'' (plains bison) will sound confusing. [[Brūcend:TheDingusDingo|TheDingusDingo]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:TheDingusDingo|motung]]) 18:04, 4 Þrimilcemonað 2025 (UTC) ==Potato== Eorþæppel was previously used, based on cognate words in other modern Germanic languages. However, according to BT (Bosworth and Toller Old English dictionary) (which can be searched searched through online [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/search/aa_search.html here]), eorþæppel was already used on OE, and was used to mean "cucumber". Possibly could use a synonym for "eorþ" instead of earth (like "ȝrund"). Other suggestions have been: *Borrow from another language (like "cartoffel" or "patata") (I myself don't like borrowing) *Mor-æppel (from Hogweard) (my favorite so far) *Spad-æppel (also from Hogweard) (based on that "spud" came from a word probably related to "spadu") *Eorþ-pere (based on a rarely used German word "Erdbirne") [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 02:22, 26 Solmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) ===Predict=== I'd directly use '''forebodian''', a simple mix of '''fore''' and '''bodian''', clearly continued into "forebode." *[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forebode#Verb Wikitionary: Forebode] *[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=forebode&searchmode=none Etymonline: Fore + bode] —[[User:Wōdenhelm|Ƿōdenhelm]] 15:36, 15 Blōtmōnaþ 2008 (UTC) ===Protein=== I suggest this (a near-literal translation of what some languages, such as Mandarin, Czech, Finnish, have) - '''ǣglīmtimber'''. Open to improvements on that... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:56, 9 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Or we could just do '''formen''' (forma+en) as a literal element-by-element translation, but I still prefer the first suggestion mine. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 09:36, 9 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :: aeghvit ===Psychology=== Currently using '''hyȝeleornung''' as a beta-term on the article [[Ergo Proxy]]. Is this easily understood? Is there a better Germanic cognate which does NOT involve a direct Greek loan-word? [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 22:26, 1 Solmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :The Icelandic term is "sálfræði", which means "soul/mind science". A direct translation would be "sāwolcræft", but "gemyndcræft" sounds more realistic to me. "Hyȝe" only really appears in poetry, but what are your thoughts? --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 23:36, 1 Solmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::Ya know, I ''almost'' went with either sāƿol/ȝemyndcræft... but only reason I didnt, was just to avoid overuse of ''cræft''. But hey, those are prob'ly better for this use anyway. Got a preference for either one? Seems that '''ȝemyndcræft''' would be more accurate, since the meaning behind "psyche"-ology has changed. (Good thing for us, we can update!) [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 00:20, 2 Solmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ==R== ===Rabbit=== se '''Holling''' (cf. German "Kaninchen" from Latin word for hole). [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 05:05, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :'''Rabbit''' already has a name, '''[[coning|coning/coniȝ]]'''. It was attested as "coney" (pronounced "cunny") a few centuries back, but due to religious frowning upon the name's being associated with slang for female genitalia, the name was changed. Same with cock/rooster. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 16:40, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :'''+''' [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rabbit Etymonline: Rabbit] and [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=coney Etymonline:Coney] [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 16:44, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :::It would (forget that; it ''does'') seem to me that that word was not in use in Old English times, in which case I would think that it were better that a word of actual English etymology would be better. If it was in use back in OE times, could you please provide a link to such a reliable online dictionary as would attest to be being used in OE? Thanks. [[User:Gott wisst|Gott wisst]] 04:08, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::::The two links I provided showed their earliest forms in English. There are no native Germanic terms for "rabbit," as the animal itself is not native to northern Europe at all. Please research the term "coney." [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 10:22, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :::::Very well, then. I will, for the sake of unity on this Wikipedia, use coning (not that I've actually had need for the word yet!), but the point I was making was that, if there are no native words for it, why not make up a neologism from English words instead of borrowing from French through a later form of English (and, personally, I will not support this usage outside of Wikipedia). [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 04:51, 27 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :I've had a fresh thought; how about '''holhara'''? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:05, 7 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Racism === sēo '''ƿiþþēodiȝnes''', "being against a people", or perhaps something involving '''fordēman''' (which already means "prejudge/prejudice"), such as "hē fordēmþ (ƿiþ) blæċfolc". Maybe '''þēodfordōm''' as the noun. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 07:19, 7 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Perhaps just '''folc-hete''' for racism? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:49, 7 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::That works too. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 08:06, 7 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::: sēo '''cneōres''' means ''race, generation, tribe''. It might fit in there too.--[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 04:22, 30 Se Æfterra Gēola 2017 (UTC) ===Reference (as used on Wikipedia)=== '''Fruma(n)''' ===Relative pronoun=== se '''onhleoniende bīnama'''. [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 05:04, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ===Religion=== '''Ȝelēafa(n)''' ''(other Germanic languages use their version of this word for religion– even Pennsylvania German does this)'' ===Reykjavik=== '''Reċƿīċ''' ===Rice and Maize=== I was kinda surprised that clearly-borrowed "mǣs" and "rīs" were used on the "corn" page for these two grains. I suggest "westcorn" for maize (becuase it comes from the "West") and "ēastcorn" for rice (because it comes from Asia, "the East"). Another possible word for maize I can think of would be "Americanisc corn" or "Indianisc corn". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:02, 18 Se Æfterra Gēola 2010 (UTC) :Yeah I used those because they seemed to be the best choices that I could think of. I try to balance staying true to OE, and understanding if something is "trying too hard". Although '''ƿinlendisc corn''' might not be so bad for maize. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 06:18, 15 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Wīnlandisc corn seems pretty good to me; also, I've thought of what I consider to be an improvement on "ēastcorn": '''wætercorn''' (because rice grows in paddy fields). How does that seem for "rice"? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:33, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) If we are to go by the ideal of "authentic before neologism", '''rīs''' and '''mǣs''' will be needed though. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 09:02, 1 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==S== ===Salad=== Comes from a latin ''adjective'', '''salata''', meaning '''salted''' (vegetables)<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=salad</ref>. So, we could transliterate it into '''sealted''', treating it as a noun, or ''make it into'' a noun as '''sealtere''', (which might be a bit of a stretch, considering sealtere could be used as something different). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 01:20, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Ah, yes, this is a hard one... I have thought about this long before you put this post up... I hesitate to use something with "sealt" in it because that doesn't necessarily reflect the modern "salad". When I think in Englisc (a good language exercise, I find), I generally use something like "gemang-bitan" ("mix-morsels"). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:43, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Idea for a new word altogether: '''sealed''', so that it could ''resemble'' the "salted" root, yet not actually be "salted". At the same time, it resembles (yet isnt) "salad". — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 03:47, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Well, I thought of a [[en:Phono-semantic matching|phono-semantic match]]: "sǣlþ-ǣt" ("joy-food")... Somewhat quaint, admittedly. I would go with "sealted" before "sealed" just because it actually has an OE root and kinda.... makes sense. Although, still, I do like my little "gemang-bitan".[[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:59, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Yeah. I definitely wont rush to a decision on this one. Eventually it'll work itself out. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 04:12, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Scientific=== Seeing as witancræft is used for science, scientific could be '''witancræftlic''', as the German '''wissenschaftliche''' and Dutch '''wetenschappelijk'''. ===Scientist=== Clearly someone who performs scientific research, but I don't know how the concept of "one who performs X action" is expressed in Englisc. --[[User:Von Magnet|Von Magnet]] 15:31, 4 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) :Would '''witancræftere''' work? --[[User:Von Magnet|Von Magnet]] 08:11, 5 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) I've used '''ƿitancræftmann'''. [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 08:13, 6 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) :Never mind, I haven't used that word (not on this Wikipedia, at least). [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 08:17, 6 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) ::There is one use of the word here: http://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesprec:D%C6%BFeli%C8%9Dende_tun%C8%9Dol --[[User:Von Magnet|Von Magnet]] 11:04, 6 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) ===Shark=== '''[[Sǣhund]]''' :Since the origin of Shark is largely unknown, most Germanic languages, including Frisian use something like Hai, haf, or haai. As thus, I suggest perhaps '''hǣf, hāf, hāge, hǣge'''. The word '''hæf''' DOES mean ''sea'' and in Icelandic the word is háffisk, and as thus we could also go with '''hǣffisc''' to match. --[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 02:33, 30 Se Æfterra Gēola 2017 (UTC) ===Shrimp=== * se '''Ræċere''', (Norwegian: reker; Icelandic: rækjur; Swedish: räkor) * or '''Ȝenōt''' (Low Saxon: genoat; Zealandic: gornaet; Dutch: garnalen) * perhaps '''Scrimma'''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=shrimp</ref> from ''scrimman''. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 23:50, 11 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Right now I'm liking the word "scrimma". I couldn't find any roots for "genōt" or "ræcere". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:49, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Yeah, '''scrimma''' would resemble shrimp, and would indeed come from the same root. The others were attempts at creating cognates from other ''Þēodisc'' languages. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 03:45, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Ski=== '''scīd''' ''sn'' (attested and cognate to "ski", but meaning "think, split piece of wood" or "shingle") ===Snowboard=== '''snāƿbord''' ''sm'' ===Spelling (armor/armour)=== Currently using '''bōcstæfing''' on [[Montréal Canadiens]]. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 18:57, 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Me þynceþ god genog. Hit is understandenlic me. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:39, 11 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Sport=== Several: '''Pleȝa(s)''', '''indryhtu/indryhta''' (cognates used by Swedish, Icelandic, Faroese), '''indryhtegamen''' (as a specifier), and '''sport''' as the whole planet uses this. ====Specific sports==== While we're at it, might as well cover much as we can. Here are some suggestions; add comment beside them <!--will add more-->: *[[Americanisc fōtball]] *Badminton - feðerstrǣlgamen ''sn'' *[[Fōtball]] *Hang-gliding - āhangenglīdung ''sf'' *Rugby - scufenclīewengamen ''sn'' :Possibly '''Hrōcbyrȝ'''(isc) '''fōtball''', see [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rugby Etymonline: Rugby]. *Skiing - scīdfarung ''sf'' *Snowboarding - snāwbordfarung ''sf'' *Surfing - wǣgrīdung ''sf'' [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:30, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Well [[clīeƿen fōtball|fōtball]] is already covered (even Spanish uses an English loanword for this), and I imported īshociȝ for ice hockey, as it seems to simply be untranslatable. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 06:59, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Ēa, me þynceþ þæt ic sprece smætor þonne þearfum þu. "...(even Spanish uses English loanword for this)..." And for þæm we eac swa doþ... For hockey, possibly "slēaoþ" (from "slēan" - "to hit" + "-oþ" - ending added to verbs to make noun denoting action); therefore "īs-slēaoþ". Hu þencest þu ymb þisre foresetednesse? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 09:03, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ====Sporting equipment==== <s>*ball - cliewen ''sn'' [historical]</s> ''(ball/boll are native English, stemming all the way back to proto-Germanic)''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ball</ref> **You just demonstrated that "ball" it did not come through English but was a loanword. It is native to ''Germanic''. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:24, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Well, yeah, used in OE though, native to its cousin. **Again, I can find no occurrence of "ball" in OE itself, not even after the Viking invasion (that is to say, I did not go and read all the documents from after the Viking invasion, but I can still not find "ball" in any dictionary or reference otherwise). And even if it were ever used in the OE period, that does not rule out "cliewen" as inappropriate. *bat - <s>slēande sticca ''wm''</s> :*or '''batt'''' ::Indeed, I picked up on that after I made that post... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] *<s>goal - mearcgeat ''sn''</s> ''(gāl/gōl is actually native Englisc, believe it or not, said to mark the end of a race competition. thus it can easily extend to mean any sporting goal)''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=goal</ref> **I am fine with "gol/gal" if it is native, but I am unable to find it anywhere (not with that usage, anyway - I found, "lust, desire, pleasure, lightness, folly"). Could you please give me a reference or an OE document with it in it being thus used? **Ah, you did notice that was only a reconstruction? *puck - efencliewen ''sn'', pucca ''wm'' **Word is said to *possibly* stem from the creature Puck, thus in OE being '''pucca/puca'''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Puck</ref> **I can handle hitting a "devil" around on the ice, I guess... It is quaint, though, to say the least. Nonetheless, it will remain my personal preference to use "efencliewen" *racquet - nettbatt ''sn'' *shuttlecock - feðerstrǣl ''sm'' :* or '''scealþelcocc''' These are suggestions, possibly to be improved upon. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:48, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Hmm, Hogweard, maybe you're meaning "scytelcocc"? Can't find "scealþel" anywhere. I myself never went for this word because I never really saw the logic behind the "cocc" bit (see Wiktionary for explaination, but I think "feðer" does the same job much better), although "scytel" is certainly usable. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:37, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::I meant '''sceaþelcocc'''. ''Sceaþel'' is a word for "shuttle". (The alternative is '''hrisel''' but '''sceaþel''' is word from which we get the "shuttle" element.) ::::A shuttlecock is so called because it has a spray of feathers, making it look like a cock, and it goes back and forth, like a shuttle. ::::[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 13:45, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Was able to find "sceaþel". It still isn't the ancestor of the modern word shuttle, though (check OED, Wiktionary, & much more) - scytel/scutel is (maybe "sceaþel" is a corruption of it?). I was aware of the explanation for the "cocc" bit (that's why I gave ref. to Wiktionary) but still think "feðer" does job better. I'll leave the choice to you, though. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 21:03, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Sugar=== What about '''swētel''' (from swēte+el (when neuter, denotes thing)) or '''swēte grēot''' (especially for crystallized sugar)? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:43, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Yeah '''sƿētel''' actually sounds both good and natural. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 19:31, 23 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Surfboard=== '''ƿǣȝbord''' ''sm'' {I've only just found out that this isn't a new word - it was used to mean "board in a ship" - I still think that this word could be used for a surfboard, though... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:33, 25 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC)) ==T== ===Taxonomy=== There are many words in OE for "kind", "species", etc. But they need to be organized into regular order of usage according to modern taxonomy in OE. I am not sure if this has been semi-established already. If so, could someone please tell the order of the words (I know to use "rīce" for kingdom)? If not, we should work out an order for them. Shouldn't be too hard. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:32, 11 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Okay, then, no suggestions, so I'll suggest an order: *domain - hēafod *kingdom - rīce *phylum - þēod *class - flocc *order - hād *family - cnēoris *genus - cnōsl *species - gecynd How 'bout it? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:10, 16 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Some of these are covered, although whether our current terms for them are the best, is open for debate... for example, see the infobox on '''[[fenberȝe]]'''. That way you can see what we have, and balance it against your proposals, see how they match up. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 16:29, 16 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Indeed, I'll update the list. But I think "species" should be "gecynd/cynn" rather than the neologism "undercnosl". Hwæt sægst þu? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:56, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Never mind, I see it meant "sub-genus". But could someone (namely Wodenhelm) please change "phylum" in the template to "þeod" or work out another word for "phylum" and do likewise? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:42, 5 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::I wont be able to change the existing Taxobox template unless I become an administrator (we currently have none). What I can do in the mean time would be to make a copy, and go that route. (Speaking of, if yall are in support, we can see about getting me some adminship). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 14:50, 5 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Oh... I see. Well, I'm willing to give you my vote. However, be aware that I will be away for three days after tomorrow afternoon, and will not be able to access a computer; so if you do anything in that time, I won't be there to support you... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:58, 6 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Telepathy=== I've used '''feorrþanc''' on the article [[Dēofol (gamen)]] === Tea === Anyone got any thoughts about what "tea" could be? I was thinking it could be "tē", which would be consistent with German "Tee" and I suppose Icelandic "te". --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 12:22, 12 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :Sounds good to me. Aint like we've got much room to work with on that one lol [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 04:44, 22 Mǣdmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::May I suggest [http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/005342 bryðen] since one talks about brewing tea?--[[Syndrig:Contributions/90.210.115.6|90.210.115.6]] 19:03, 17 Wēodmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Fitting for any brewed drink, but then how would you distinguish tea from coffee, beer, whatever else that gets brewed? If the most conservative of Germanic languages, Icelandic, uses a form of the word we already use, then that pretty much resolves it, in my view. — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 20:03, 17 Wēodmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Our group of learners currently uses se lēafdrenc (and se bēandrenc for coffee). If the problem with bryðen is to distinguish coffee and bear, why not use lēafbryðen ? [[User:Cerddaf|Cerddaf]] 08:23, 22 ðrīmeolce 2014 (UTC) :::::I'd protest that tea is tea, but then remember that we also call it 'char' and 'chai', when in a skittish mood. Tea was unknown in the west until the modern age so there will be nothing authentic. We could stick with '''te''' as an introduced word. If though cinnamon is ''[[ofersǣwisc rind]]'' and ''sūðerne rind'', perhaps something similar for tea? "Chinese" maybe, for which we have ''Sericus'' and for the people ''[[Seringas]]'' (Widsið). :::::We could use two forms alternatively. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[User talk:Hogweard|talk]]) 12:33, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2014 (UTC) ===Temperature scale=== þæt '''Hātȝemet''' (þā hātȝemetu) - from ''heat-measure'', could also be used for ''degrees'' in the temperature sense. ===Template=== þæt '''Forebiliþ'''. [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 05:03, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::Forget that, apparently "bysen" is being used. [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 03:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ===Theory (scientific)=== The word is derived from the Greek "theoria" meaning "a looking at, viewing, beholding" so an Englisc word may be derived from the word for "a viewing" (foregīmnes, judging from a few searches, but I'm not sure it's correct). Or going down the "word-borrowing" route, perhaps '''þēori'''. ===Tobacco and cigars=== I suggest '''rēc-wēod''' for "tobacco" and "rēc-sticc(a)(-incel)" for cigar(-ette). I would love to be creative with "nicotine" and do something like "georn-timber" (because of it's addictiveness), but I have a feeling that that would fit down yer gullets well, so I'll compromise at "nicot-en". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 00:30, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) From En.Wikipedia's "Tobacco": :'''Etymology''' :The Spanish word "''tabaco''" <!-- notice for spellcheckers: 'tabaco' is the correct spelling of the Spanish word -->is thought to have its origin in [[Arawakan]] language, particularly, in the [[Taino]] language of the [[Caribbean]]. In Taino, it was said to refer either to a roll of tobacco leaves (according to [[Bartolome de Las Casas]], 1552), or to the ''[[tabago]]'', a kind of Y-shaped pipe for sniffing tobacco smoke (according to Oviedo; with the leaves themselves being referred to as ''cohiba'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wais.stanford.edu/Cuba/cuba_ColumbusDiscoversCuba(110503).html|title=World Association of International Studies, Stanford University}}</ref> :However, similar words in Spanish and Italian were commonly used from 1410 to define medicinal [[herb]]s, originating from the [[arabic language|Arabic]] طبق ''tabbaq'', a word reportedly dating to the 9th century, as the name of various herbs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tobacco|title=Online Etymological Dictionary}}</ref> Plus there's Icelandic '''tóbak''', Danish '''tobak''', German and Dutch '''tabak''', Norwegian '''tobakk''', West-Flemish '''toebak'''. In general, words from outside Germanic, Latinate, or Gaelic seem to be considered "untranslatable" historically, and always end up as pure loanwords in practice. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 01:00, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::You do love the "everyone else is doing it" excuse <!--and I don't!-->... Apart from that German and Dutch and Icelandic and Swedish and Norwegian and Frisian and Danish and Faroese etc. don't do it, can you give me a reason why "recweod" is inappropriate for this concept within the the context of Old English itself (it being taken for granted that OE lacks and therefore needs a word/term for such a concept - on both sides of the argument/debate/discussion)? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:25, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) <!--P.S. I thought you had hostile feelings towards linguistic imperialism - you are quite defensive of Appalachian English - not generally considered standard or "correct" itself - maybe you intended to say that "toba'''cc'''o" was least ''historical''?--> :::I try to balance several factors when forming terms: what other Germanic languages use (as OE is Germanic also), what the rest of the world calls something, how their terms would form in OE based on natural speech pattern evolution (Example, "Rēċƿīċ" for the city in Īsland). :::If ALL other Germanic languages use one term for something, then we have no choice really. If the whole world uses one term, then anything else is out of the question. If there are multiple terms, then I have to balance out those that are used by Englisc's closest relatives, and Anglicize them. If there's basically no consistency across the other languages (especially for a more modern concept), THEN we're open to experiment with terms. In the case of tobacco, it's been around for a while, and everyone calls it the same thing. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 02:33, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::'''+''' I'm trying my best to reform the language as naturally as possible, remember that even "most pure" OE still had loanwords, and absolutely was not a language isolate. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 02:34, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :I see you to be embracing my forestated views of yourself... I actually have no feeling that "global words" are "unquestionable" and "family words" are "hardly questionable". First person to write the article gets first pick, and second person gets to add "eac gehaten..." I say. I'm off to do some work, so you've some time. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:48, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::...dont get all bent out of shape because I feel you have poor judgement in picking terms. For instance, your choice for "golf" was a bad term, and quite frankly, I often have a hard time understanding what you write. As a test for new terms, I go to my Englisc-speaking friends, present it to them, and ask them "ok, what do you think this means?". If they guess at least somewhat close to what I intended, then I see it as a good term. But dont think that I'm strictly against anything you think up, as your "sƿētel" term was dead-on perfect, in my opinion. You just need to review your ideas in reverse also (looking at "ānsƿingoþ" by itself, for instance, and questioning how others will interpret it). As a side-note, use '''hǣtt''', not '''is ȝehāten''', as it's the same as German '''heißen''': ich heiße, iċ hǣtt. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:01, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::You are right to assume I'm somewhat annoyed by now... That (some of) my linguistic choices are bad is your opinion only, I think (in much the same way that I might see some of your choices as bad is only an opinion, and that my linguistic purism is only a preference - when it comes to neologisms, nobody can claim to be "right" or even "historical"). No offence, but I've noted you to make frequent grammatical "mistakes" (or, at least, "non-historicities") (especially in the area of not using the weak adjective where historically it was used (after articles, demonstratives, possessives, etc.), and the treatment of "east, west, norþ, suþ" as (declinable) adjectives rather than compound word components (sometimes historically written as separate words, admittedly (although, then again, so were many prefixes, for example ge-, which outside of the context of a prefix has a functionally different meaning and a different etymology in OE - so should we go writing things like "ic hæbbe ge don hit..."?) so possibly viewable as an adjective - depending on one's standards - but never declined) or adverbs); so if your friends reach the same standard (you catch my drift)... Even if they don't, it is unfortunate and a fact of life that some words are not easily understandable (such as "metal" as a music, and is a "fire-truck" a truck that's on a fire or puts it out?), but when the context is set and the word is explained, I think, for example, "answingoþ" to be appropriate (that is to say, it has nothing inappropriate about it) (it is a game where one hits a ball alone and in a series of single strokes, not with a team nor a continuous dribbling, as in soccer or basketball). I find that, whether or not "hātan" could be used in an intransitive sense (which I have not yet witnessed in a historical OE document), it was certainly used in a transitive sense ("mon hǣtt þæt lond Mānfeld..."), and therefore "is gehāten" is by no means inappropriate. My challenge was fair enough, since neither of us could reach a compromise, and a third party was not stepping in to provide a majority vote, therefore perhaps the person who can be bothered to do the head part of the work should get the honour of choosing which way his work is directed? Consider. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:44, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) That's fine, I hear you, see what I put below. While my grammar may not be perfect or whatever, that's irrelevant, as I put hard consideration from several angles about the words I choose. I feel you try to commit terms without really thinking them over. '''Ānsƿingoþ''' could be what a kid does on a playground, or even what a couple with an "open marriage" does. I felt that one to be "trying too hard". As I've said before, I hate needless loan words, but ''sometimes'' you ''really'' do have to use them. '''[[Gytārre]]''', for example. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:56, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) Ahem, gentlemen. ... Wodenhelm, is there a way that you could confirm when the cognates for tobacco entered into the other languages cited? Thus far, 17th century "weed" is the earliest I've seen used herein. If there's an earlier use in a sister language of one word or another, it would form a sturdier support for an OE neologism. *Grin.* Personally, I like Professor Tolkien's '''pipe-weed'''. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:09, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==== Evidence for/against ==== * '''weed''' (n.) Look up weed at Dictionary.com "plant not valued for use or beauty," O.E. weod, uueod "grass, herb, weed," from P.Gmc. *weud- (cf. O.S. wiod, E.Fris. wiud), of unknown origin. Meaning "tobacco" is from 1606; that of "marijuana" is from 1920s. The verb meaning "to clear the ground of weeds" is late O.E. weodian. 17th century use of weed for tobacco<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/weed</ref> * '''vaporize''' Look up vaporize at Dictionary.com 1630s, from vapor + -ize. Originally "to smoke tobacco;" later "to convert into vapor" (1803), and "to spray with fine mist" (1900). vapor is 14th century, late 14c., from Anglo-Fr. vapour, from L. vaporem (nom. vapor) "exhalation, steam, heat," of unknown origin. and is preceded in the same concept by OE smocian, "to produce smoke"<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vaporize</ref> * '''Rēċƿēod''' would perhaps be workable for ''smokable'' tobacco, but not for the plant itself, nor for tobacco as a ''product'' or crop, as not all tobacco is smoked (cigarettes, cigars, pipe, snus, snuff, plug, dip, even raw leaves)— unless you wanted to just do a separate approach for each product type, and skip the concept of an all-inclusive "tobacco as a crop" term, but still using '''tobac''' for the plant itself. Also, '''rēċƿēod''' ''could'' be interpreted as '''stinkweed''', which has [[:en:Stinkweed|a different meaning]], as '''rēċ''' is both '''smoke''' (German '''rauchen''') and '''reek'''/bad smell (related to German '''riechen'''). Gotta "back up" your claims for a term, man. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:46, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) '''rēc-wēod''' could be interpreted as "stinkweed," which is a colloquial name for any noxious plant. Three common examples are tree of heaven (a.k.a., stinkweed tree), jimson weed, and field pennycress. I've not personally heard of tobacco being called such. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 03:50, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Meh. Never mind. I see that Wodenhelm gave the reference I was thinking of already. I think the possibility of translating it as stinkweed, rather than smoke-weed (as I assume you mean it to be, Gottisgut) could throw a monkey wrench into the reader's understanding if s/he's used to common names for plants, whether colloquial or as an herbalist. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 03:57, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::But it's accurate (both as "stinkweed" and "smokeweed" - I think, and weed fits the buck (not based upon the colloquial/slang usage to mean "marijuana", though - that wasn't the origin of that thought-train which produced this result) - unless one is addicted to the stuff, and even then sometimes - one of my older sisters got addicted to smoking (she's broken the addiction, and is yet keeping up that break), but she hated it even as she did it) - and "recweod" was never used as a colloquialism in OE, so we do not have to worry about that - we are only trying to establish stuff in OE, not MnE (and if I were to put up a photo of, shall we say, the crop itself or a cigarette, how many people would get confused?). That "recweod" is not appropriate for the whole crop, only a specific usage, is not necessarily true, either, I think - consider that many things are named after a main or important usage of them ("scissors", "hand-towel", "toilet-paper", "bushman's shoelace" (yes, a colloquialism - but still understood to be a specific plant). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:11, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::I'm only attempting to help think it through. If, as a reader, I'm already familiar with pre-existing uses for the modern word "stinkweed," and I see tobacco named such (even if only as an alternative translation), I'm more likely to think of it as someone trying to make a joke or pun than it being an actual term. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:16, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Well, as "actual" a term can be when it's a neologism. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:18, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Also, given the 1606 use, I can see "weed" alone as being a term for tobacco, although I ''suspect'' that it may have been a slang word even then. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:21, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Sorry if you felt attacked just then. Tell you what, since, as I said before, we didn't have a third party to decide a majority, could you please provide that third party? I'll drop the argument for whichever you provide that necessary-for-majority vote - Wikipedia is supposed to be democratic (I think I read that somewhere out there), after all. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:41, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::'Tis fine. I hadn't felt attacked, as it were. As for third-party, I'm not sure what I'd vote on this one: I can see both points, with some precedence for "weed" (by itself). Still, I think "weod" alone is too general, and recweod seems ''almost'' as general (could apply to several different things, one of which can definitely be tobacco, so long as '''rec''' is taken to mean "smoke" and not "smell/reek"). Hurm. Actually, the verb "to produce smoke" is '''smocian''' -- would a new proposal of something like smocende-weod be acceptable? — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:48, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::With perhaps '''tóbac''' (or similar) as an alternative word as well. It would also be readily apparent to the reader. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:57, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Just cutting in, strength of argument/case should be used above a popularity contest, as is done for proposals of deletion and whatnot. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 04:53, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :True, but that is going nowhere, and it then becomes purely obnoxious (e.g. I write an article because I believe that have a better argument, then you move it because you think it better, etc). I am open to "smociend-weod" (take the "-e" out - it was standard OE practice; cf. "niwe" but "niw-fara" and much more). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:58, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :I am also open to "pīp-wēod". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:59, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::That's fine. I'm not even ''opposed'' to '''rēċƿēod''', but I felt that the term was limited in scope of what it covers, and could possibly be ambiguous. If used for just the dried crop, then it'd be perfect. I feel '''tobac''' may be needed for the plant itself (almost like how scientific names are used). Perhaps for now, just do one about the crop/ƿyrt, we'll work from there. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 05:03, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::LOL. I hadn't meant that (pipe-weed) as a serious proposal, but I guess. In some ways, I wonder if Tolkien didn't use it simply because, as we, he couldn't come up with something that felt completely natural. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 05:05, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Well, in that case, I win! Because I'm just superior. :-D (Yes, it's a joke, people....) — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 05:01, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Tourist/tourism=== Tourist "land-scēawere" and tourism "land-scēawing"? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 09:52, 25 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Tourism was known; that is what pilgrimage is in reality. It was '''elþēodignes''' or '''sūþfōr''' (the latter case presupposes travelling south), or perhaps better still is '''sīþ'''. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 14:55, 25 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Train=== Not sure, thinking of '''tug''' or something, from German '''zug''', and Swedish '''tåg''', with '''tyȝe''' as plural (Ger. '''die tüge'''). Only issues is gender, as in German it's masculine, but in OE, a '''-ug > -yȝ''' pattern is feminine ('''burg > byrȝ'''). Is this a good term? What should its gender be? Other ideas? — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 00:26, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Hmm, possibly also '''rōdƿæȝn''', "rod-wain," with '''rōd''' acting as '''rail'''. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 15:16, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Words for "train" are authentically [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/search/aa_search.html to be found!] There are several, but are any quite right. (I rather like '''tog''', or something from ''teon''.) :: ::Beware of loose language. There are trains that are not railway vehicles, and there are things on railways that are not trains. A locomotive (technical word - we always call it an "engine") is the thing that gives the power; the "train" is the train of carriages behind. In the days before steam, trains were horse-drawn. I do not know if mines used trains to bring ore out as long ago as the AS period, but I am pretty sure no-one wrote a description down if they did. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 19:31, 9 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Truck=== Either '''sēo bearƿe''' (origin of "barrow") or '''þæt berƿæȝn''' (berian+ƿæȝn, bearing wain), as the continental cognate of our '''wain''', wagon, is used generically as "vehicle." Which one sounds better? [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 03:03, 21 Mǣdmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :The German ''Lastkraftwagen'' suggests '''Hlæstwægn'''. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:21, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Even better. '''Hlǣstƿæȝn''' it is. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 16:55, 9 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Um, it ''is'' a short vowel... So you know; cf. ME "last", OFrs. "hlest", Icl. "hlass", and the related OE verb "hladan". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:45, 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Then I shall make it extra-long! I give you... '''hl¯ǣ¯stƿæȝn'''! muahahahahahah! <small>No. I fixed it.</small> — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 04:19, 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==U== === Umbrella === þæt '''Reȝnscead''' (rain-shade), as '''umbrella''' comes from Latin ''umbra'', "shade, shadow".<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=umbrella</ref> Perhaps a small point to make, but I prefer neuter '''scead''' to feminine '''sceadu''', ''solely'' to give us modern speakers a distinction between '''shade''' (which I equate with '''scead''') and '''shadow''' (which I equate with '''sceadu'''). Otherwise '''scead''' and '''sceadu''' are the same thing in ancient contexts. Then perhaps to distinguish a "sunbrella," just replate '''reȝn''' with '''sunne''', if needed. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 01:15, 15 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Underground metro === I don't know Anglo-Saxon at all, but I thought about '''undereorþwæȝn''' or something like that. Whatchu think? [[Syndrig:Contributions/178.42.166.176|178.42.166.176]] / Loc :'''Undergrund''' would work better. A '''wægn''' is right for a carriage, but not a whole train nor a whole system. I cannot find a word for "rail" in this sense so I have used '''īsernweg''' before for 'railway'. [[Brūcend:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Hogweard|mōtung]]) 20:54, 20 Sēremōnaþ 2015 (UTC) :"Īsernweg under næsse" ("iron-way under ground") perhaps, or "neowol īsernweg" ("neowol" has a range of meanings to do with lowness, one of which is "subterranian"). [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 08:09, 21 Sēremōnaþ 2015 (UTC) === University === Am proposing ''hēahscōl'' based on the Icelandic '''[[:wiktionary:háskóli|háskóli]]'''. --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 04:15, 20 Wēodmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :Sounds good to me, I've been wondering how to tackle this one myself, mainly because in the US, "high school" is used as the final stage of primary education, roughly for ages 14–18. But this term certainly fits the bill. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 04:56, 20 Wēodmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::I see the same problem with "High School". In Welsh a university is "Prifysgol", which is essentially "Top School" (''heafodlarhus''), but that misleading one about the nature of a university. It is not just a big school. :: ::"University" comes from being a "community of teachers and scholars". ::"Collegium" is known and glossed in the texts, so a college could be a '''framscipe''' or '''frȳgyld''' (or alternate spellings). In Britain a college member is a "fellow", so it could instead be '''fēolagascipe'''. (I used that in the [[Grantasæte]] article.) :: ::For "university" one could try "Irmen-" something. :: ::I thought I had seem some earlier notes on this somewhere. Was it on the ''[http://www.rochester.edu/englisc/ Englisc List]''? :: ::[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 15:05, 13 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) Yeah, based on '''ȝyld''' might be a good bet: http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=college. I's looking up "guild" and alot of results for "college"-related things came back. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 01:18, 22 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ==V== === Volcano === Se '''fȳrbeorg''' (Icelandic has ''eldstöð'', no clue how it translates though). Everyone else uses a variant of "vulcan". [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 22:46, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :''Eld·stöð'' means literally "fire-station", these people's minds work in strange ways... So yes, I think '''fȳrbeorg''' is a much more appropriate term. [[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 16:09, 31 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Actually, it seems the Icelandic for ''fire station'' is ''slökkvi·stöð'', which means "extinguishing-station", or something thereabouts. [[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 16:12, 31 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Icelandic has ''eldfjall'' (which is equivalent to ''fyrbeorg''). [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:23, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==W== ===Wakeboard=== '''tēondbord''' ''sm'' (lit. "dragging-board") ===Warehouse=== þæt '''Ƿarahūs''', done in plural just as in German<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=warehouse</ref>. Admittedly enough, this could also be used for a "store," so perhaps '''ċēaphūs''' for that (modeled on German ''kaufhaus''). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 03:49, 15 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==Y== === Yogurt === Ack, this may be hard... til-rotod-meolc ''f.'' (well-rotted-milk)? Better ideas, please. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 01:35, 13 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :I now reckon "meolc-brīw" is better. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:25, 25 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Again, I feel that this one needs not be translated. All other Germanic languages (including Icelandic) use their form of yogurt/jógúrt/joghurt.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt Wikipedia: Yogurt, interwiki language links]</ref> Thus, I say '''ȝeogyrt''' (using ''y'' to destress the 2nd syllable into a schwa, as ''ur'' was most likely spoken as ''or''). — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 21:12, 20 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :To be honest, I hold "meolcbriw" to be better than to borrow the word. You move the [[meolcbrīw|article]], you so without my support or "consent" (in much the same way as I did to your "cuning" article (+"pizza"+hmburgor"), which you did not appreciate, and you did to my "answingoþ" article, which you did appreciate). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:21, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Nah this one I'm not moving, but I just sorta feel like it'll stand out in a sea of '''yogurt'''s. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:28, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Ah, well, thanks for listening. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:05, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Yeah, we can easily go with a "more than one acceptable term" route, that's fine by me. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 04:07, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) == Fruman == ''For showing where you got your terms from, your sources for your ideas.'' {{reflist}} fy3w8xjzi084v0myq63umxmjgw16rwm 232027 232026 2026-09-23T19:30:39Z Eaþmod Þéow 142896 /* Physics/Physical Science */ 232027 wikitext text/x-wiki ==N== ===Newspaper=== Not sure if there's a word for this floating around. I'd suggest '''tīdung-gewrit''' ("tīdung" because it means news; it is also cognate to the word for newspaper in German and Swedish at least; and "gewrit" to specify the way it is presented). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:53, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Sounds great. Another evenly acceptable term can be '''spellȝeƿrit''', currently used on [[WS|Ƿikispell]]. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 07:51, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Righto. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 08:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Numbers=== Various numbers over a thousand need naming... I've seen mostly word borrowings; but that's not ideal, is it? We could say say þusend þusend for million, etc. but that could get lengthy. For million I propose '''oferþusend''' or '''forþusend'''. Comments, please. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 00:13, 16 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :Actually, I reckon that "million" should be '''selfþūsend''' (because a million is a thousand times itself). Then billion, '''ōðerselfþusend'''; trillion '''þriddeselfþūsend'''; etc. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:08, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::We are in danger of going too far into inauthenticity. In Norse you find ''þúsund þúsunda'' ("a thousand of thousands". We could adopt that: '''Þūsend þūsenda''' or '''Þūsend þūsendena''' or suchlike. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 11:36, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::That's all good with me. I just don't like seeing "milliona" being used in Englisc... Obviously, that could get somewhat tedious with larger numbers, I therefore also suggest the use of a phrase like "þūsend manigfealdod selfe twǣm" (e.g. "a billion") to coexist. Multiplication already does exist, of course. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 20:54, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Even in ''Niwum Englisce'' "billion" and "trillion" are troublesome because of different definitions each side of the pond and inconsistent use here in Britain. A letter in The Times this week urged their abandonment in favour of '''10¹²''' (or '''10⁹'''), '''10¹⁸''' and so forth. It appealed to me as a lapsed mathematician. If Modern English can't use these words we can hrdly use them for ''Englisc''! [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 22:22, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Yeah, I wasn't actually suggesting that "billion" be used; I was indicating meaning... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:35, 21 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::For something of this nature, I think our best bet is to look towards Icelandic and the like. See what yall can find there. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 14:39, 22 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::I don't; Icelandic uses borrowings for million upwards with long-count. I, personally, am fine with expressing numbers of a million and up by multiplication. I just don't want to use borrowings like "million", "billion", etc. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 23:48, 22 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) I should note that þusend þusend WAS found in the record for million. Occasionally, it was was þusend siðan þusend (which is more of a thousand times thousand). Sometimes it would be like "eleven hundred thousand" for 1.1 million, or a combination as such. I suggest we use þusend þusend, þusend-þusend, or a straight compound þusendþusend for million. Billion might just have to be three, so þusend þusend þusend. --[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 17:43, 29 Wēodmōnaþ 2017 (UTC) :We do have: :''Micel getel is ðæra haligra gasta, þe on Godes rice eardiað, be ðam cwæð se witega Daniel, "Þusend ðusenda ðenodon þam Heofonlican Wealdende, and ten ðusend siðan hundfealde ðusenda him mid wunodon."'' :("Many are counted of the holy ghosts, who inhabit God's kingdom, by whom spoke Daniel the prophet, "A thousand thousand served the Heavenly Lord, and ten thousand times a hundredfold thousands dwelt with him") :[[Brūcend:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Hogweard|mōtung]]) 17:48, 29 Wēodmōnaþ 2017 (UTC) ==O== ===Ocean=== This is by no means a new word, but rather checking usage; I saw "Atlantisc Gārsecg" ("Atlantic Ocean") being used on the article about Iceland. Wouldn't "geofon" be a better word to use in standard usage, as "gār-secg" seems to me to be mainly a poetic word? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 23:15, 27 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :In the OE [[Orosius]], '''gārsecg''' is used in plain, unpoetic text not only for "ocean" generally but for specific oceans. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:14, 13 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) Ah, well... Guess it is authentic and non-poetic then... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:45, 13 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Octopus=== #se '''eahtafōt''', transliteration of ''octopus''. #se '''kræken''', from historic examples and from other Germanic languages. — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 02:59, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :I always though of them as "eahtearma" since the tentacles seem more like arms in function to me, and octopuses are also called "cephalopod" ("head-foot") (because of their heads). So, are they feet their tentacles or their head? [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 02:15, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) ::For this choice, I was going by pure linguistics. Also see the 2nd choice (just added). — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 02:59, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :::How did our ancestors manage to miss mentioning octopuses or squid or polyps in any text? However, a cuttlefish is '''cudele''' or '''wāsescite''' ("ooze-sheet" or "slime-cornered"?). [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:18, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :The Anglo-Saxons were no great seafarers. I would say the most notable sea-fearing they ever did was probably to and around Great Britain, or perhaps some forced undesirable position on Viking ships (though I doubt that happened much if at all). Whether or not they knew of octopuses (I'm pretty sure they would have), they probably weren't very familiar with them (are there many octopuses in the shallows around Britain?). Possibly they didn't usually distinguish them from cuttlefishes? Certainly even today any various other Germanic languages some words for octopuses are also used for cuttlefish and even squid. It would seem that they were not well known in any ancient Germanic culture (I couldn't find any word for "octopus" in the Germanic Lexicon project search, which covers multiple sources, including two of the most comprehensive sources on the two most well documented ancient Germanic languages - Old Norse and Old English; and modern words for octopuses in various Germanic languages seem to be of rather recent source, since they are quite diverse). :Þēahhƿæðere mē þynceþ þæt þū scolde bet secȝan ƿord þā sind ȝelīcran "direct part-for-part translation" þonne "pure linguistics", Ƿōdenhelm, for þȳ ''ǣniȝ'' sprǣccræft is "pure linguistics". Ȝif þū ƿille brūcan "kræken" for þȳ þe hit is ȝelīc ƿorde þe is ȝebrocen on Alamannisce and Niðerlendisce for þisre ƿihte, and þe is ȝebrocen on missenlīcum ōðrum sprǣcum for ƿrǣtlīcum fīfle, þonne mē þynceþ þætte þū scolde ƿrītan "kraken" for þȳ þe hit is ȝelīcre þǣm ȝeƿritnum ƿordum þisra sprǣca, and neall folc spricþ sƿā hīe ƿǣren Ȝeānedrīcisc oþþe Canadisc. Ōðru ƿord fram missenlīcum Germaniscum sprǣcum: *hēafod-crabba - Īslendisc ''kolkrabbi'' (mē ne līcaþ sƿīðe, ac hit nis oferlīce yfel) *blæc/tælȝ-fisc - Sƿēoþēodisc ''bläckfisk'' and Alamannisc "Tintenfisch" *blæc/tælȝ-scēota - Norren ''blekksprut'' and Denisc "blæksprutte" ("sprut" mǣneþ sōþlīce "splash") Oþþe meahtlīce scoldon ƿē efne brūcan ƿord þe is ȝelīc þǣm ƿorde "cudele" (tō bȳsne "ȝrēat cudele" oþþe "hēafod-cudele" oþþe "earm-cudele" oþþe "brād cudele" oþþe "lanȝ cudele", and sƿā forþ). [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 07:29, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :Me ðinceð hit til, swylce '''blæcfisc'''. :Actually, octopuses and squid are found around the British coast if not in great shoals: the common octopus is known for climbing into lobster pots and helping itself, while even giant squid wash ashore on occasion (there are reports as far back as the 17th century). The problem is not that the beasties were unknown but whether anyone wrote the name down. Cuttlefish have long been valued for their ink (sepia) and cuttlebone, but the octopus is just a pest. Likewise, you can hardly move for jellyfish in some waters, but not a single reference comes down to us from ''Englisc'', nor starfish despite their commonness and distinctive oddity. :Clark Hall suggests '''walscite''' may mean cuttlefish or squid and that the work comes from ''sceotan'', so ooze-shooter, as they both shoot through the water with a jet of ink (as does the octopus, I believe).[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 22:34, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) ::For '''kræken''', ȝemynd '''slapen > slæpan''', and sƿa forþ. — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 02:41, 26 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :Mē līcaþ þæt ƿord "blæcfisc" ƿell ēac. Lā hƿæt, Ƿōdenhelm, þæt is sōþ. Ic ƿæs on dƿolan. [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 06:45, 26 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :Not the most relevant, but I think we should avoid the letter '''k''' in most of our Englisc stuff. After all, the Anglo-Saxons didn't often use it. I would recommend '''cræce''' or '''cræcen''' instead of '''kræken''' --[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 02:10, 30 Se Æfterra Gēola 2017 (UTC) ==P== ===Pamphlet=== þæt '''Ƿīsdōmȝeƿrit'''. Might not be dead-on, but I figured it's pretty close. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 11:51, 27 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Physics/Physical Science=== Se '''fæstworldlīca ƿitancræft'''. '''ƿitancræft''' for "science" has a page already. Originally, I set this meaning to '''middangeardlīcan ƿitancræft''', which though '''middangeardlīc''' is an attested word, I found that it was too broad for physics alone. '''middangeardlīcan ƿitancræft''' would be a good phrase for all natural sciences, as '''middangeardlīc''' means anything terrestrial/not-metaphysical. '''fæstworld''' oþþe '''fæstworldlīc''' is better for physical science for that it emphasizes the fact that we are dealing with the "world of things which are fast-set and firm: meaning can be touched and felt" such as rigid bodies. — <font size="3">[[User:Eaþmod Þéow]]</font> ([[User talk:Eaþmod Þéow]]) 07:18, 23 Hāligmōnaþ 2026 (UTC) ===Plastic=== Sēo '''fōrscieppedness''' (partly inspired by the word itself, which means "shapeable" - after the shapeability of the unset form of plastic; but I used for/fōr (usually used as a prefix for emphasis) to distinguish it from an easily misunderstandable "scieppedness"). The Adjective would be '''fōrscieppedlic'''.[[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:23, 18 Se Æfterra Gēola 2010 (UTC) :Well, '''fōr''' is "journey" (from '''feran'''), and '''for-''' usually has an "against" element, but for the general idea, it might work better for "the plasticity," but maybe for the material itself, a variant of '''clǣȝ''' could work, as both clay and plastic are useful for being shapeable (and perhaps plastic is the modern clay). First idea I have right off is '''se nīƿclǣȝ'''. Any further ideas? — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 07:59, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Well, I've found it as a variant of "for-" (a suffix often of emphasis) in words like "fōrnēan"; although there's no particular reason to use it above "for-" - and therefore can be discarded for "for". If one is unwilling to take "-ness" for non-abstract, then I might suggest instead "(for)sceap-timber". "Nīwclǣg" doesn't seem too bad, though - although I hold yet a preference to the "sceap" idea... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 08:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Yeah '''-nes''' is mostly for abstract ideas, I cant recall right off if there are exceptions (lemme know if you find any), but I'd definitely interpret '''forscieppednes/forsceapnes''' as "plasticity" and the like. Sorry for the delayed reply on this one, but I cant always tackle these on the first time I see them; sometimes it just has to come to me. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 11:23, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Now try "polymerisation"! [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 12:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::::'''Mæniȝlingȝeþēodung''' :D — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 12:56, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) Actually the polymerisation process in plastics involves the joining together of hydrocarbon molecules, whether all of the same substance or of a combination of them, to create long-chain hydrocarbon molecules, which might be aligned ("crystaline") forms producing a high density polymers or unaligned producing a low-density polymer. A word with "chain" in it would work. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 18:23, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Perhaps, then, "lang-racent-gemot-lǣcing"? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:32, 30 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Playing cards === Hi, I was wondering what word we could have for playing cards. I was thinking it could could be "spilungcartan", although I prefer "spilcartan", as this would be more like other Germanic languages, like Dutch "speelkaarten" or Icelandic "spilakort". Anyone got any thoughts? --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 17:41, 25 Se Æfterra Gēola 2009 (UTC) :Sounds perfect — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᛁᚳ ᚻᚹᛁᛋᛈᚱᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛠᚱᛖᚾ ᚦᚪᚱᚪ ᛞᛠᛞᚪ...]] 18:44, 25 Se Æfterra Gēola 2009 (UTC) ::It would be ''spilkoarten'' in Saterlandic, so I think ''spilcartan'' sounds good :) --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] 19:31, 25 Se Æfterra Gēola 2009 (UTC) ===Police=== se '''Burgƿeard''' ===Political words=== On the political section of the article about Niwe Sæland, I've been using the following words (any comments, please?): *Constitutional monarchy - gesetedcund cynerīce (gesetedness - constitution, law, etc) :Perhaps '''cynedōm''' instead of '''cynerīce''' here: the latter refers to the realm and the former to the position of the king.[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 07:27, 25 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) *Election - wealdcēosung :or just ''cēosung'' [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 07:27, 25 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::True, I did use that in reference to election once it was clear what it was. Election does just literally mean "cēosung", too... Maybe it could just be "cēosung", and, if needs be, "wealdes" to classify (but as separate word). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:40, 26 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) *House of Executives - Gelǣstende hūs *House of Representatives - Hūs Fōrestandenda *Leader of the Opposition - Hēafodmann þæs Oferstealles *National - <s>Landþēawisc (lit. "land-traditional" (perhaps should be "þēod-þēawisc")</s>; folclic *Parliment - Gemōt (a little ambiguous, I admit, but it's authentic; and one can tell what's being spoken about in the relevant context; but perhaps I might use "witenagemōt"?) *Party (politics) - wealdþrēat *Politician - wealdsēcend *Politics - wealdscipe *Prime Minister - Forma Þegn *Sovereign - wieldende *Unicameral parliament - ānfeald gemōt * Vote - '''cyre''', ''(choice)'' noun derived from '''ċēosan''' [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:56, 25 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Politics=== se '''Laguþēaƿ''', '''þēaƿ''' being directly from ''politics/policy'', and '''lagu''' in order to clarify it as ''legal'' customs (as opposed to cultural customs) — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 11:27, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :There ought to be something along the lines of '''rǣdcræft''' or '''geþingecræft''', though I do not know of any authentic word. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 12:39, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Those sound pretty good too, although I feel that '''laguþēaƿ''' is a touch more specific, as it implies ''legal policy'', although whether it's a good term for ''politics'' as a whole, I'm not sure. '''Rǣdcræft''' might be a touch broad, sounding to me as "advice/council" (which could extend into business or financial advisors and whatnot). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 13:03, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Population/Census === '''Burgƿaru''' - population '''Lēodtelle''' - census ===Postal service=== '''Ærendþegnung''' for postal service. '''Ærendrūn''' for "postcode" (or "zip" if you are in Vinland). [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 22:29, 12 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :"Ærendþegnung" seems good, but couldn't -"rūn" be a bit ambiguous (as in "secret, mystery")? "Stafa" is more precise, but only singular in meaning. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:02, 13 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Yeah he's right on that. Although it's very common to think of "runes" as being a writing system, we should force ourselves to remember that they're "mysteries" (as in Heathen circles, we make a clear distinction between the mysterious forces themselves, '''runes''', and the written characters used to represent them, '''runestaves'''.) [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 06:28, 14 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Perhaps '''ærendsicorword''' or something such like ("messaging-certain/safe-word")? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:41, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::On the other hand the postcode is a ''code'', and ''rūn'' fits that. I can't think of any other word for "code". ''Rūn'' is also used for "sacrament", in the sense of "mystery". It seems to be of wide usage. (Postcodes are a mystery to me, and I've read the Royal Mail's postal addressing guide!) [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 20:14, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::I'd be willing to give '''ærend-rūn-word''' a try... It specifies it as something linguistic or ''written'' as opposed to the more ultimate concept of simply "mystery". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:00, 17 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Prairie=== I'm wondering if we could use "'''preariġ'''" for prairie. See West Frisian ''prêrje'', North Frisian ''prerii'', Dutch ''prairie'', and German ''prärie''. I'll add more later. [[Brūcend:TheDingusDingo|TheDingusDingo]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:TheDingusDingo|motung]]) 04:55, 20 Eastermonað 2025 (UTC) :I don't like the look of that. The word is French, derived from Latin, and only appeared late even in that language. We have several derivatives from ''wong'' / ''wang'', which is the Englisc equivalent in origin. '''Gærswong''' is a grassy plain, while '''eorþwong''' is the plain of the Earth but might work, or '''landwong'''. We also have '''emnland''' or '''emnett''' for level land. :We could use the same term for the Russian steppe. Whenever that land is described in Orosius it is by reference to the Scythians living there, or its unwæstmbærnesse, rather than giving a specific term. My research is limited though. [[Brūcend:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Hogweard|motung]]) 13:01, 20 Eastermonað 2025 (UTC) ::I wonder, what about the Mammoth steppes? Honestly, ''(eorþ; land; or gærs)wongwisent'' (steppe bison) and ''wongwisent'' (plains bison) will sound confusing. [[Brūcend:TheDingusDingo|TheDingusDingo]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:TheDingusDingo|motung]]) 18:04, 4 Þrimilcemonað 2025 (UTC) ==Potato== Eorþæppel was previously used, based on cognate words in other modern Germanic languages. However, according to BT (Bosworth and Toller Old English dictionary) (which can be searched searched through online [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/search/aa_search.html here]), eorþæppel was already used on OE, and was used to mean "cucumber". Possibly could use a synonym for "eorþ" instead of earth (like "ȝrund"). Other suggestions have been: *Borrow from another language (like "cartoffel" or "patata") (I myself don't like borrowing) *Mor-æppel (from Hogweard) (my favorite so far) *Spad-æppel (also from Hogweard) (based on that "spud" came from a word probably related to "spadu") *Eorþ-pere (based on a rarely used German word "Erdbirne") [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 02:22, 26 Solmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) ===Predict=== I'd directly use '''forebodian''', a simple mix of '''fore''' and '''bodian''', clearly continued into "forebode." *[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forebode#Verb Wikitionary: Forebode] *[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=forebode&searchmode=none Etymonline: Fore + bode] —[[User:Wōdenhelm|Ƿōdenhelm]] 15:36, 15 Blōtmōnaþ 2008 (UTC) ===Protein=== I suggest this (a near-literal translation of what some languages, such as Mandarin, Czech, Finnish, have) - '''ǣglīmtimber'''. Open to improvements on that... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:56, 9 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Or we could just do '''formen''' (forma+en) as a literal element-by-element translation, but I still prefer the first suggestion mine. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 09:36, 9 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :: aeghvit ===Psychology=== Currently using '''hyȝeleornung''' as a beta-term on the article [[Ergo Proxy]]. Is this easily understood? Is there a better Germanic cognate which does NOT involve a direct Greek loan-word? [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 22:26, 1 Solmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :The Icelandic term is "sálfræði", which means "soul/mind science". A direct translation would be "sāwolcræft", but "gemyndcræft" sounds more realistic to me. "Hyȝe" only really appears in poetry, but what are your thoughts? --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 23:36, 1 Solmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::Ya know, I ''almost'' went with either sāƿol/ȝemyndcræft... but only reason I didnt, was just to avoid overuse of ''cræft''. But hey, those are prob'ly better for this use anyway. Got a preference for either one? Seems that '''ȝemyndcræft''' would be more accurate, since the meaning behind "psyche"-ology has changed. (Good thing for us, we can update!) [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 00:20, 2 Solmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ==R== ===Rabbit=== se '''Holling''' (cf. German "Kaninchen" from Latin word for hole). [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 05:05, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :'''Rabbit''' already has a name, '''[[coning|coning/coniȝ]]'''. It was attested as "coney" (pronounced "cunny") a few centuries back, but due to religious frowning upon the name's being associated with slang for female genitalia, the name was changed. Same with cock/rooster. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 16:40, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :'''+''' [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rabbit Etymonline: Rabbit] and [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=coney Etymonline:Coney] [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 16:44, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :::It would (forget that; it ''does'') seem to me that that word was not in use in Old English times, in which case I would think that it were better that a word of actual English etymology would be better. If it was in use back in OE times, could you please provide a link to such a reliable online dictionary as would attest to be being used in OE? Thanks. [[User:Gott wisst|Gott wisst]] 04:08, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::::The two links I provided showed their earliest forms in English. There are no native Germanic terms for "rabbit," as the animal itself is not native to northern Europe at all. Please research the term "coney." [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 10:22, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :::::Very well, then. I will, for the sake of unity on this Wikipedia, use coning (not that I've actually had need for the word yet!), but the point I was making was that, if there are no native words for it, why not make up a neologism from English words instead of borrowing from French through a later form of English (and, personally, I will not support this usage outside of Wikipedia). [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 04:51, 27 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :I've had a fresh thought; how about '''holhara'''? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:05, 7 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Racism === sēo '''ƿiþþēodiȝnes''', "being against a people", or perhaps something involving '''fordēman''' (which already means "prejudge/prejudice"), such as "hē fordēmþ (ƿiþ) blæċfolc". Maybe '''þēodfordōm''' as the noun. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 07:19, 7 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Perhaps just '''folc-hete''' for racism? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:49, 7 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::That works too. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 08:06, 7 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::: sēo '''cneōres''' means ''race, generation, tribe''. It might fit in there too.--[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 04:22, 30 Se Æfterra Gēola 2017 (UTC) ===Reference (as used on Wikipedia)=== '''Fruma(n)''' ===Relative pronoun=== se '''onhleoniende bīnama'''. [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 05:04, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ===Religion=== '''Ȝelēafa(n)''' ''(other Germanic languages use their version of this word for religion– even Pennsylvania German does this)'' ===Reykjavik=== '''Reċƿīċ''' ===Rice and Maize=== I was kinda surprised that clearly-borrowed "mǣs" and "rīs" were used on the "corn" page for these two grains. I suggest "westcorn" for maize (becuase it comes from the "West") and "ēastcorn" for rice (because it comes from Asia, "the East"). Another possible word for maize I can think of would be "Americanisc corn" or "Indianisc corn". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:02, 18 Se Æfterra Gēola 2010 (UTC) :Yeah I used those because they seemed to be the best choices that I could think of. I try to balance staying true to OE, and understanding if something is "trying too hard". Although '''ƿinlendisc corn''' might not be so bad for maize. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 06:18, 15 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Wīnlandisc corn seems pretty good to me; also, I've thought of what I consider to be an improvement on "ēastcorn": '''wætercorn''' (because rice grows in paddy fields). How does that seem for "rice"? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:33, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) If we are to go by the ideal of "authentic before neologism", '''rīs''' and '''mǣs''' will be needed though. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 09:02, 1 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==S== ===Salad=== Comes from a latin ''adjective'', '''salata''', meaning '''salted''' (vegetables)<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=salad</ref>. So, we could transliterate it into '''sealted''', treating it as a noun, or ''make it into'' a noun as '''sealtere''', (which might be a bit of a stretch, considering sealtere could be used as something different). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 01:20, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Ah, yes, this is a hard one... I have thought about this long before you put this post up... I hesitate to use something with "sealt" in it because that doesn't necessarily reflect the modern "salad". When I think in Englisc (a good language exercise, I find), I generally use something like "gemang-bitan" ("mix-morsels"). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:43, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Idea for a new word altogether: '''sealed''', so that it could ''resemble'' the "salted" root, yet not actually be "salted". At the same time, it resembles (yet isnt) "salad". — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 03:47, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Well, I thought of a [[en:Phono-semantic matching|phono-semantic match]]: "sǣlþ-ǣt" ("joy-food")... Somewhat quaint, admittedly. I would go with "sealted" before "sealed" just because it actually has an OE root and kinda.... makes sense. Although, still, I do like my little "gemang-bitan".[[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:59, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Yeah. I definitely wont rush to a decision on this one. Eventually it'll work itself out. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 04:12, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Scientific=== Seeing as witancræft is used for science, scientific could be '''witancræftlic''', as the German '''wissenschaftliche''' and Dutch '''wetenschappelijk'''. ===Scientist=== Clearly someone who performs scientific research, but I don't know how the concept of "one who performs X action" is expressed in Englisc. --[[User:Von Magnet|Von Magnet]] 15:31, 4 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) :Would '''witancræftere''' work? --[[User:Von Magnet|Von Magnet]] 08:11, 5 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) I've used '''ƿitancræftmann'''. [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 08:13, 6 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) :Never mind, I haven't used that word (not on this Wikipedia, at least). [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 08:17, 6 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) ::There is one use of the word here: http://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesprec:D%C6%BFeli%C8%9Dende_tun%C8%9Dol --[[User:Von Magnet|Von Magnet]] 11:04, 6 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) ===Shark=== '''[[Sǣhund]]''' :Since the origin of Shark is largely unknown, most Germanic languages, including Frisian use something like Hai, haf, or haai. As thus, I suggest perhaps '''hǣf, hāf, hāge, hǣge'''. The word '''hæf''' DOES mean ''sea'' and in Icelandic the word is háffisk, and as thus we could also go with '''hǣffisc''' to match. --[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 02:33, 30 Se Æfterra Gēola 2017 (UTC) ===Shrimp=== * se '''Ræċere''', (Norwegian: reker; Icelandic: rækjur; Swedish: räkor) * or '''Ȝenōt''' (Low Saxon: genoat; Zealandic: gornaet; Dutch: garnalen) * perhaps '''Scrimma'''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=shrimp</ref> from ''scrimman''. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 23:50, 11 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Right now I'm liking the word "scrimma". I couldn't find any roots for "genōt" or "ræcere". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:49, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Yeah, '''scrimma''' would resemble shrimp, and would indeed come from the same root. The others were attempts at creating cognates from other ''Þēodisc'' languages. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 03:45, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Ski=== '''scīd''' ''sn'' (attested and cognate to "ski", but meaning "think, split piece of wood" or "shingle") ===Snowboard=== '''snāƿbord''' ''sm'' ===Spelling (armor/armour)=== Currently using '''bōcstæfing''' on [[Montréal Canadiens]]. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 18:57, 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Me þynceþ god genog. Hit is understandenlic me. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:39, 11 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Sport=== Several: '''Pleȝa(s)''', '''indryhtu/indryhta''' (cognates used by Swedish, Icelandic, Faroese), '''indryhtegamen''' (as a specifier), and '''sport''' as the whole planet uses this. ====Specific sports==== While we're at it, might as well cover much as we can. Here are some suggestions; add comment beside them <!--will add more-->: *[[Americanisc fōtball]] *Badminton - feðerstrǣlgamen ''sn'' *[[Fōtball]] *Hang-gliding - āhangenglīdung ''sf'' *Rugby - scufenclīewengamen ''sn'' :Possibly '''Hrōcbyrȝ'''(isc) '''fōtball''', see [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rugby Etymonline: Rugby]. *Skiing - scīdfarung ''sf'' *Snowboarding - snāwbordfarung ''sf'' *Surfing - wǣgrīdung ''sf'' [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:30, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Well [[clīeƿen fōtball|fōtball]] is already covered (even Spanish uses an English loanword for this), and I imported īshociȝ for ice hockey, as it seems to simply be untranslatable. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 06:59, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Ēa, me þynceþ þæt ic sprece smætor þonne þearfum þu. "...(even Spanish uses English loanword for this)..." And for þæm we eac swa doþ... For hockey, possibly "slēaoþ" (from "slēan" - "to hit" + "-oþ" - ending added to verbs to make noun denoting action); therefore "īs-slēaoþ". Hu þencest þu ymb þisre foresetednesse? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 09:03, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ====Sporting equipment==== <s>*ball - cliewen ''sn'' [historical]</s> ''(ball/boll are native English, stemming all the way back to proto-Germanic)''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ball</ref> **You just demonstrated that "ball" it did not come through English but was a loanword. It is native to ''Germanic''. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:24, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Well, yeah, used in OE though, native to its cousin. **Again, I can find no occurrence of "ball" in OE itself, not even after the Viking invasion (that is to say, I did not go and read all the documents from after the Viking invasion, but I can still not find "ball" in any dictionary or reference otherwise). And even if it were ever used in the OE period, that does not rule out "cliewen" as inappropriate. *bat - <s>slēande sticca ''wm''</s> :*or '''batt'''' ::Indeed, I picked up on that after I made that post... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] *<s>goal - mearcgeat ''sn''</s> ''(gāl/gōl is actually native Englisc, believe it or not, said to mark the end of a race competition. thus it can easily extend to mean any sporting goal)''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=goal</ref> **I am fine with "gol/gal" if it is native, but I am unable to find it anywhere (not with that usage, anyway - I found, "lust, desire, pleasure, lightness, folly"). Could you please give me a reference or an OE document with it in it being thus used? **Ah, you did notice that was only a reconstruction? *puck - efencliewen ''sn'', pucca ''wm'' **Word is said to *possibly* stem from the creature Puck, thus in OE being '''pucca/puca'''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Puck</ref> **I can handle hitting a "devil" around on the ice, I guess... It is quaint, though, to say the least. Nonetheless, it will remain my personal preference to use "efencliewen" *racquet - nettbatt ''sn'' *shuttlecock - feðerstrǣl ''sm'' :* or '''scealþelcocc''' These are suggestions, possibly to be improved upon. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:48, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Hmm, Hogweard, maybe you're meaning "scytelcocc"? Can't find "scealþel" anywhere. I myself never went for this word because I never really saw the logic behind the "cocc" bit (see Wiktionary for explaination, but I think "feðer" does the same job much better), although "scytel" is certainly usable. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:37, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::I meant '''sceaþelcocc'''. ''Sceaþel'' is a word for "shuttle". (The alternative is '''hrisel''' but '''sceaþel''' is word from which we get the "shuttle" element.) ::::A shuttlecock is so called because it has a spray of feathers, making it look like a cock, and it goes back and forth, like a shuttle. ::::[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 13:45, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Was able to find "sceaþel". It still isn't the ancestor of the modern word shuttle, though (check OED, Wiktionary, & much more) - scytel/scutel is (maybe "sceaþel" is a corruption of it?). I was aware of the explanation for the "cocc" bit (that's why I gave ref. to Wiktionary) but still think "feðer" does job better. I'll leave the choice to you, though. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 21:03, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Sugar=== What about '''swētel''' (from swēte+el (when neuter, denotes thing)) or '''swēte grēot''' (especially for crystallized sugar)? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:43, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Yeah '''sƿētel''' actually sounds both good and natural. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 19:31, 23 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Surfboard=== '''ƿǣȝbord''' ''sm'' {I've only just found out that this isn't a new word - it was used to mean "board in a ship" - I still think that this word could be used for a surfboard, though... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:33, 25 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC)) ==T== ===Taxonomy=== There are many words in OE for "kind", "species", etc. But they need to be organized into regular order of usage according to modern taxonomy in OE. I am not sure if this has been semi-established already. If so, could someone please tell the order of the words (I know to use "rīce" for kingdom)? If not, we should work out an order for them. Shouldn't be too hard. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:32, 11 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Okay, then, no suggestions, so I'll suggest an order: *domain - hēafod *kingdom - rīce *phylum - þēod *class - flocc *order - hād *family - cnēoris *genus - cnōsl *species - gecynd How 'bout it? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:10, 16 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Some of these are covered, although whether our current terms for them are the best, is open for debate... for example, see the infobox on '''[[fenberȝe]]'''. That way you can see what we have, and balance it against your proposals, see how they match up. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 16:29, 16 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Indeed, I'll update the list. But I think "species" should be "gecynd/cynn" rather than the neologism "undercnosl". Hwæt sægst þu? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:56, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Never mind, I see it meant "sub-genus". But could someone (namely Wodenhelm) please change "phylum" in the template to "þeod" or work out another word for "phylum" and do likewise? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:42, 5 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::I wont be able to change the existing Taxobox template unless I become an administrator (we currently have none). What I can do in the mean time would be to make a copy, and go that route. (Speaking of, if yall are in support, we can see about getting me some adminship). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 14:50, 5 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Oh... I see. Well, I'm willing to give you my vote. However, be aware that I will be away for three days after tomorrow afternoon, and will not be able to access a computer; so if you do anything in that time, I won't be there to support you... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:58, 6 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Telepathy=== I've used '''feorrþanc''' on the article [[Dēofol (gamen)]] === Tea === Anyone got any thoughts about what "tea" could be? I was thinking it could be "tē", which would be consistent with German "Tee" and I suppose Icelandic "te". --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 12:22, 12 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :Sounds good to me. Aint like we've got much room to work with on that one lol [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 04:44, 22 Mǣdmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::May I suggest [http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/005342 bryðen] since one talks about brewing tea?--[[Syndrig:Contributions/90.210.115.6|90.210.115.6]] 19:03, 17 Wēodmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Fitting for any brewed drink, but then how would you distinguish tea from coffee, beer, whatever else that gets brewed? If the most conservative of Germanic languages, Icelandic, uses a form of the word we already use, then that pretty much resolves it, in my view. — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 20:03, 17 Wēodmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Our group of learners currently uses se lēafdrenc (and se bēandrenc for coffee). If the problem with bryðen is to distinguish coffee and bear, why not use lēafbryðen ? [[User:Cerddaf|Cerddaf]] 08:23, 22 ðrīmeolce 2014 (UTC) :::::I'd protest that tea is tea, but then remember that we also call it 'char' and 'chai', when in a skittish mood. Tea was unknown in the west until the modern age so there will be nothing authentic. We could stick with '''te''' as an introduced word. If though cinnamon is ''[[ofersǣwisc rind]]'' and ''sūðerne rind'', perhaps something similar for tea? "Chinese" maybe, for which we have ''Sericus'' and for the people ''[[Seringas]]'' (Widsið). :::::We could use two forms alternatively. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[User talk:Hogweard|talk]]) 12:33, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2014 (UTC) ===Temperature scale=== þæt '''Hātȝemet''' (þā hātȝemetu) - from ''heat-measure'', could also be used for ''degrees'' in the temperature sense. ===Template=== þæt '''Forebiliþ'''. [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 05:03, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::Forget that, apparently "bysen" is being used. [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 03:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ===Theory (scientific)=== The word is derived from the Greek "theoria" meaning "a looking at, viewing, beholding" so an Englisc word may be derived from the word for "a viewing" (foregīmnes, judging from a few searches, but I'm not sure it's correct). Or going down the "word-borrowing" route, perhaps '''þēori'''. ===Tobacco and cigars=== I suggest '''rēc-wēod''' for "tobacco" and "rēc-sticc(a)(-incel)" for cigar(-ette). I would love to be creative with "nicotine" and do something like "georn-timber" (because of it's addictiveness), but I have a feeling that that would fit down yer gullets well, so I'll compromise at "nicot-en". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 00:30, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) From En.Wikipedia's "Tobacco": :'''Etymology''' :The Spanish word "''tabaco''" <!-- notice for spellcheckers: 'tabaco' is the correct spelling of the Spanish word -->is thought to have its origin in [[Arawakan]] language, particularly, in the [[Taino]] language of the [[Caribbean]]. In Taino, it was said to refer either to a roll of tobacco leaves (according to [[Bartolome de Las Casas]], 1552), or to the ''[[tabago]]'', a kind of Y-shaped pipe for sniffing tobacco smoke (according to Oviedo; with the leaves themselves being referred to as ''cohiba'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wais.stanford.edu/Cuba/cuba_ColumbusDiscoversCuba(110503).html|title=World Association of International Studies, Stanford University}}</ref> :However, similar words in Spanish and Italian were commonly used from 1410 to define medicinal [[herb]]s, originating from the [[arabic language|Arabic]] طبق ''tabbaq'', a word reportedly dating to the 9th century, as the name of various herbs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tobacco|title=Online Etymological Dictionary}}</ref> Plus there's Icelandic '''tóbak''', Danish '''tobak''', German and Dutch '''tabak''', Norwegian '''tobakk''', West-Flemish '''toebak'''. In general, words from outside Germanic, Latinate, or Gaelic seem to be considered "untranslatable" historically, and always end up as pure loanwords in practice. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 01:00, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::You do love the "everyone else is doing it" excuse <!--and I don't!-->... Apart from that German and Dutch and Icelandic and Swedish and Norwegian and Frisian and Danish and Faroese etc. don't do it, can you give me a reason why "recweod" is inappropriate for this concept within the the context of Old English itself (it being taken for granted that OE lacks and therefore needs a word/term for such a concept - on both sides of the argument/debate/discussion)? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:25, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) <!--P.S. I thought you had hostile feelings towards linguistic imperialism - you are quite defensive of Appalachian English - not generally considered standard or "correct" itself - maybe you intended to say that "toba'''cc'''o" was least ''historical''?--> :::I try to balance several factors when forming terms: what other Germanic languages use (as OE is Germanic also), what the rest of the world calls something, how their terms would form in OE based on natural speech pattern evolution (Example, "Rēċƿīċ" for the city in Īsland). :::If ALL other Germanic languages use one term for something, then we have no choice really. If the whole world uses one term, then anything else is out of the question. If there are multiple terms, then I have to balance out those that are used by Englisc's closest relatives, and Anglicize them. If there's basically no consistency across the other languages (especially for a more modern concept), THEN we're open to experiment with terms. In the case of tobacco, it's been around for a while, and everyone calls it the same thing. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 02:33, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::'''+''' I'm trying my best to reform the language as naturally as possible, remember that even "most pure" OE still had loanwords, and absolutely was not a language isolate. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 02:34, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :I see you to be embracing my forestated views of yourself... I actually have no feeling that "global words" are "unquestionable" and "family words" are "hardly questionable". First person to write the article gets first pick, and second person gets to add "eac gehaten..." I say. I'm off to do some work, so you've some time. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:48, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::...dont get all bent out of shape because I feel you have poor judgement in picking terms. For instance, your choice for "golf" was a bad term, and quite frankly, I often have a hard time understanding what you write. As a test for new terms, I go to my Englisc-speaking friends, present it to them, and ask them "ok, what do you think this means?". If they guess at least somewhat close to what I intended, then I see it as a good term. But dont think that I'm strictly against anything you think up, as your "sƿētel" term was dead-on perfect, in my opinion. You just need to review your ideas in reverse also (looking at "ānsƿingoþ" by itself, for instance, and questioning how others will interpret it). As a side-note, use '''hǣtt''', not '''is ȝehāten''', as it's the same as German '''heißen''': ich heiße, iċ hǣtt. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:01, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::You are right to assume I'm somewhat annoyed by now... That (some of) my linguistic choices are bad is your opinion only, I think (in much the same way that I might see some of your choices as bad is only an opinion, and that my linguistic purism is only a preference - when it comes to neologisms, nobody can claim to be "right" or even "historical"). No offence, but I've noted you to make frequent grammatical "mistakes" (or, at least, "non-historicities") (especially in the area of not using the weak adjective where historically it was used (after articles, demonstratives, possessives, etc.), and the treatment of "east, west, norþ, suþ" as (declinable) adjectives rather than compound word components (sometimes historically written as separate words, admittedly (although, then again, so were many prefixes, for example ge-, which outside of the context of a prefix has a functionally different meaning and a different etymology in OE - so should we go writing things like "ic hæbbe ge don hit..."?) so possibly viewable as an adjective - depending on one's standards - but never declined) or adverbs); so if your friends reach the same standard (you catch my drift)... Even if they don't, it is unfortunate and a fact of life that some words are not easily understandable (such as "metal" as a music, and is a "fire-truck" a truck that's on a fire or puts it out?), but when the context is set and the word is explained, I think, for example, "answingoþ" to be appropriate (that is to say, it has nothing inappropriate about it) (it is a game where one hits a ball alone and in a series of single strokes, not with a team nor a continuous dribbling, as in soccer or basketball). I find that, whether or not "hātan" could be used in an intransitive sense (which I have not yet witnessed in a historical OE document), it was certainly used in a transitive sense ("mon hǣtt þæt lond Mānfeld..."), and therefore "is gehāten" is by no means inappropriate. My challenge was fair enough, since neither of us could reach a compromise, and a third party was not stepping in to provide a majority vote, therefore perhaps the person who can be bothered to do the head part of the work should get the honour of choosing which way his work is directed? Consider. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:44, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) That's fine, I hear you, see what I put below. While my grammar may not be perfect or whatever, that's irrelevant, as I put hard consideration from several angles about the words I choose. I feel you try to commit terms without really thinking them over. '''Ānsƿingoþ''' could be what a kid does on a playground, or even what a couple with an "open marriage" does. I felt that one to be "trying too hard". As I've said before, I hate needless loan words, but ''sometimes'' you ''really'' do have to use them. '''[[Gytārre]]''', for example. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:56, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) Ahem, gentlemen. ... Wodenhelm, is there a way that you could confirm when the cognates for tobacco entered into the other languages cited? Thus far, 17th century "weed" is the earliest I've seen used herein. If there's an earlier use in a sister language of one word or another, it would form a sturdier support for an OE neologism. *Grin.* Personally, I like Professor Tolkien's '''pipe-weed'''. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:09, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==== Evidence for/against ==== * '''weed''' (n.) Look up weed at Dictionary.com "plant not valued for use or beauty," O.E. weod, uueod "grass, herb, weed," from P.Gmc. *weud- (cf. O.S. wiod, E.Fris. wiud), of unknown origin. Meaning "tobacco" is from 1606; that of "marijuana" is from 1920s. The verb meaning "to clear the ground of weeds" is late O.E. weodian. 17th century use of weed for tobacco<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/weed</ref> * '''vaporize''' Look up vaporize at Dictionary.com 1630s, from vapor + -ize. Originally "to smoke tobacco;" later "to convert into vapor" (1803), and "to spray with fine mist" (1900). vapor is 14th century, late 14c., from Anglo-Fr. vapour, from L. vaporem (nom. vapor) "exhalation, steam, heat," of unknown origin. and is preceded in the same concept by OE smocian, "to produce smoke"<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vaporize</ref> * '''Rēċƿēod''' would perhaps be workable for ''smokable'' tobacco, but not for the plant itself, nor for tobacco as a ''product'' or crop, as not all tobacco is smoked (cigarettes, cigars, pipe, snus, snuff, plug, dip, even raw leaves)— unless you wanted to just do a separate approach for each product type, and skip the concept of an all-inclusive "tobacco as a crop" term, but still using '''tobac''' for the plant itself. Also, '''rēċƿēod''' ''could'' be interpreted as '''stinkweed''', which has [[:en:Stinkweed|a different meaning]], as '''rēċ''' is both '''smoke''' (German '''rauchen''') and '''reek'''/bad smell (related to German '''riechen'''). Gotta "back up" your claims for a term, man. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:46, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) '''rēc-wēod''' could be interpreted as "stinkweed," which is a colloquial name for any noxious plant. Three common examples are tree of heaven (a.k.a., stinkweed tree), jimson weed, and field pennycress. I've not personally heard of tobacco being called such. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 03:50, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Meh. Never mind. I see that Wodenhelm gave the reference I was thinking of already. I think the possibility of translating it as stinkweed, rather than smoke-weed (as I assume you mean it to be, Gottisgut) could throw a monkey wrench into the reader's understanding if s/he's used to common names for plants, whether colloquial or as an herbalist. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 03:57, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::But it's accurate (both as "stinkweed" and "smokeweed" - I think, and weed fits the buck (not based upon the colloquial/slang usage to mean "marijuana", though - that wasn't the origin of that thought-train which produced this result) - unless one is addicted to the stuff, and even then sometimes - one of my older sisters got addicted to smoking (she's broken the addiction, and is yet keeping up that break), but she hated it even as she did it) - and "recweod" was never used as a colloquialism in OE, so we do not have to worry about that - we are only trying to establish stuff in OE, not MnE (and if I were to put up a photo of, shall we say, the crop itself or a cigarette, how many people would get confused?). That "recweod" is not appropriate for the whole crop, only a specific usage, is not necessarily true, either, I think - consider that many things are named after a main or important usage of them ("scissors", "hand-towel", "toilet-paper", "bushman's shoelace" (yes, a colloquialism - but still understood to be a specific plant). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:11, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::I'm only attempting to help think it through. If, as a reader, I'm already familiar with pre-existing uses for the modern word "stinkweed," and I see tobacco named such (even if only as an alternative translation), I'm more likely to think of it as someone trying to make a joke or pun than it being an actual term. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:16, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Well, as "actual" a term can be when it's a neologism. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:18, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Also, given the 1606 use, I can see "weed" alone as being a term for tobacco, although I ''suspect'' that it may have been a slang word even then. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:21, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Sorry if you felt attacked just then. Tell you what, since, as I said before, we didn't have a third party to decide a majority, could you please provide that third party? I'll drop the argument for whichever you provide that necessary-for-majority vote - Wikipedia is supposed to be democratic (I think I read that somewhere out there), after all. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:41, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::'Tis fine. I hadn't felt attacked, as it were. As for third-party, I'm not sure what I'd vote on this one: I can see both points, with some precedence for "weed" (by itself). Still, I think "weod" alone is too general, and recweod seems ''almost'' as general (could apply to several different things, one of which can definitely be tobacco, so long as '''rec''' is taken to mean "smoke" and not "smell/reek"). Hurm. Actually, the verb "to produce smoke" is '''smocian''' -- would a new proposal of something like smocende-weod be acceptable? — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:48, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::With perhaps '''tóbac''' (or similar) as an alternative word as well. It would also be readily apparent to the reader. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:57, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Just cutting in, strength of argument/case should be used above a popularity contest, as is done for proposals of deletion and whatnot. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 04:53, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :True, but that is going nowhere, and it then becomes purely obnoxious (e.g. I write an article because I believe that have a better argument, then you move it because you think it better, etc). I am open to "smociend-weod" (take the "-e" out - it was standard OE practice; cf. "niwe" but "niw-fara" and much more). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:58, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :I am also open to "pīp-wēod". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:59, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::That's fine. I'm not even ''opposed'' to '''rēċƿēod''', but I felt that the term was limited in scope of what it covers, and could possibly be ambiguous. If used for just the dried crop, then it'd be perfect. I feel '''tobac''' may be needed for the plant itself (almost like how scientific names are used). Perhaps for now, just do one about the crop/ƿyrt, we'll work from there. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 05:03, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::LOL. I hadn't meant that (pipe-weed) as a serious proposal, but I guess. In some ways, I wonder if Tolkien didn't use it simply because, as we, he couldn't come up with something that felt completely natural. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 05:05, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Well, in that case, I win! Because I'm just superior. :-D (Yes, it's a joke, people....) — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 05:01, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Tourist/tourism=== Tourist "land-scēawere" and tourism "land-scēawing"? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 09:52, 25 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Tourism was known; that is what pilgrimage is in reality. It was '''elþēodignes''' or '''sūþfōr''' (the latter case presupposes travelling south), or perhaps better still is '''sīþ'''. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 14:55, 25 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Train=== Not sure, thinking of '''tug''' or something, from German '''zug''', and Swedish '''tåg''', with '''tyȝe''' as plural (Ger. '''die tüge'''). Only issues is gender, as in German it's masculine, but in OE, a '''-ug > -yȝ''' pattern is feminine ('''burg > byrȝ'''). Is this a good term? What should its gender be? Other ideas? — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 00:26, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Hmm, possibly also '''rōdƿæȝn''', "rod-wain," with '''rōd''' acting as '''rail'''. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 15:16, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Words for "train" are authentically [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/search/aa_search.html to be found!] There are several, but are any quite right. (I rather like '''tog''', or something from ''teon''.) :: ::Beware of loose language. There are trains that are not railway vehicles, and there are things on railways that are not trains. A locomotive (technical word - we always call it an "engine") is the thing that gives the power; the "train" is the train of carriages behind. In the days before steam, trains were horse-drawn. I do not know if mines used trains to bring ore out as long ago as the AS period, but I am pretty sure no-one wrote a description down if they did. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 19:31, 9 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Truck=== Either '''sēo bearƿe''' (origin of "barrow") or '''þæt berƿæȝn''' (berian+ƿæȝn, bearing wain), as the continental cognate of our '''wain''', wagon, is used generically as "vehicle." Which one sounds better? [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 03:03, 21 Mǣdmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :The German ''Lastkraftwagen'' suggests '''Hlæstwægn'''. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:21, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Even better. '''Hlǣstƿæȝn''' it is. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 16:55, 9 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Um, it ''is'' a short vowel... So you know; cf. ME "last", OFrs. "hlest", Icl. "hlass", and the related OE verb "hladan". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:45, 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Then I shall make it extra-long! I give you... '''hl¯ǣ¯stƿæȝn'''! muahahahahahah! <small>No. I fixed it.</small> — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 04:19, 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==U== === Umbrella === þæt '''Reȝnscead''' (rain-shade), as '''umbrella''' comes from Latin ''umbra'', "shade, shadow".<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=umbrella</ref> Perhaps a small point to make, but I prefer neuter '''scead''' to feminine '''sceadu''', ''solely'' to give us modern speakers a distinction between '''shade''' (which I equate with '''scead''') and '''shadow''' (which I equate with '''sceadu'''). Otherwise '''scead''' and '''sceadu''' are the same thing in ancient contexts. Then perhaps to distinguish a "sunbrella," just replate '''reȝn''' with '''sunne''', if needed. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 01:15, 15 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Underground metro === I don't know Anglo-Saxon at all, but I thought about '''undereorþwæȝn''' or something like that. Whatchu think? [[Syndrig:Contributions/178.42.166.176|178.42.166.176]] / Loc :'''Undergrund''' would work better. A '''wægn''' is right for a carriage, but not a whole train nor a whole system. I cannot find a word for "rail" in this sense so I have used '''īsernweg''' before for 'railway'. [[Brūcend:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Hogweard|mōtung]]) 20:54, 20 Sēremōnaþ 2015 (UTC) :"Īsernweg under næsse" ("iron-way under ground") perhaps, or "neowol īsernweg" ("neowol" has a range of meanings to do with lowness, one of which is "subterranian"). [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 08:09, 21 Sēremōnaþ 2015 (UTC) === University === Am proposing ''hēahscōl'' based on the Icelandic '''[[:wiktionary:háskóli|háskóli]]'''. --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 04:15, 20 Wēodmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :Sounds good to me, I've been wondering how to tackle this one myself, mainly because in the US, "high school" is used as the final stage of primary education, roughly for ages 14–18. But this term certainly fits the bill. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 04:56, 20 Wēodmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::I see the same problem with "High School". In Welsh a university is "Prifysgol", which is essentially "Top School" (''heafodlarhus''), but that misleading one about the nature of a university. It is not just a big school. :: ::"University" comes from being a "community of teachers and scholars". ::"Collegium" is known and glossed in the texts, so a college could be a '''framscipe''' or '''frȳgyld''' (or alternate spellings). In Britain a college member is a "fellow", so it could instead be '''fēolagascipe'''. (I used that in the [[Grantasæte]] article.) :: ::For "university" one could try "Irmen-" something. :: ::I thought I had seem some earlier notes on this somewhere. Was it on the ''[http://www.rochester.edu/englisc/ Englisc List]''? :: ::[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 15:05, 13 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) Yeah, based on '''ȝyld''' might be a good bet: http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=college. I's looking up "guild" and alot of results for "college"-related things came back. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 01:18, 22 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ==V== === Volcano === Se '''fȳrbeorg''' (Icelandic has ''eldstöð'', no clue how it translates though). Everyone else uses a variant of "vulcan". [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 22:46, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :''Eld·stöð'' means literally "fire-station", these people's minds work in strange ways... So yes, I think '''fȳrbeorg''' is a much more appropriate term. [[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 16:09, 31 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Actually, it seems the Icelandic for ''fire station'' is ''slökkvi·stöð'', which means "extinguishing-station", or something thereabouts. [[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 16:12, 31 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Icelandic has ''eldfjall'' (which is equivalent to ''fyrbeorg''). [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:23, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==W== ===Wakeboard=== '''tēondbord''' ''sm'' (lit. "dragging-board") ===Warehouse=== þæt '''Ƿarahūs''', done in plural just as in German<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=warehouse</ref>. Admittedly enough, this could also be used for a "store," so perhaps '''ċēaphūs''' for that (modeled on German ''kaufhaus''). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 03:49, 15 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==Y== === Yogurt === Ack, this may be hard... til-rotod-meolc ''f.'' (well-rotted-milk)? Better ideas, please. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 01:35, 13 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :I now reckon "meolc-brīw" is better. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:25, 25 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Again, I feel that this one needs not be translated. All other Germanic languages (including Icelandic) use their form of yogurt/jógúrt/joghurt.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt Wikipedia: Yogurt, interwiki language links]</ref> Thus, I say '''ȝeogyrt''' (using ''y'' to destress the 2nd syllable into a schwa, as ''ur'' was most likely spoken as ''or''). — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 21:12, 20 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :To be honest, I hold "meolcbriw" to be better than to borrow the word. You move the [[meolcbrīw|article]], you so without my support or "consent" (in much the same way as I did to your "cuning" article (+"pizza"+hmburgor"), which you did not appreciate, and you did to my "answingoþ" article, which you did appreciate). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:21, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Nah this one I'm not moving, but I just sorta feel like it'll stand out in a sea of '''yogurt'''s. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:28, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Ah, well, thanks for listening. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:05, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Yeah, we can easily go with a "more than one acceptable term" route, that's fine by me. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 04:07, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) == Fruman == ''For showing where you got your terms from, your sources for your ideas.'' {{reflist}} pee4sij9gibetu12cm929nk7phjeagb 232028 232027 2026-09-23T19:32:27Z Eaþmod Þéow 142896 /* Physics/Physical Science */ 232028 wikitext text/x-wiki ==N== ===Newspaper=== Not sure if there's a word for this floating around. I'd suggest '''tīdung-gewrit''' ("tīdung" because it means news; it is also cognate to the word for newspaper in German and Swedish at least; and "gewrit" to specify the way it is presented). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:53, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Sounds great. Another evenly acceptable term can be '''spellȝeƿrit''', currently used on [[WS|Ƿikispell]]. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 07:51, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Righto. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 08:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Numbers=== Various numbers over a thousand need naming... I've seen mostly word borrowings; but that's not ideal, is it? We could say say þusend þusend for million, etc. but that could get lengthy. For million I propose '''oferþusend''' or '''forþusend'''. Comments, please. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 00:13, 16 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :Actually, I reckon that "million" should be '''selfþūsend''' (because a million is a thousand times itself). Then billion, '''ōðerselfþusend'''; trillion '''þriddeselfþūsend'''; etc. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:08, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::We are in danger of going too far into inauthenticity. In Norse you find ''þúsund þúsunda'' ("a thousand of thousands". We could adopt that: '''Þūsend þūsenda''' or '''Þūsend þūsendena''' or suchlike. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 11:36, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::That's all good with me. I just don't like seeing "milliona" being used in Englisc... Obviously, that could get somewhat tedious with larger numbers, I therefore also suggest the use of a phrase like "þūsend manigfealdod selfe twǣm" (e.g. "a billion") to coexist. Multiplication already does exist, of course. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 20:54, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Even in ''Niwum Englisce'' "billion" and "trillion" are troublesome because of different definitions each side of the pond and inconsistent use here in Britain. A letter in The Times this week urged their abandonment in favour of '''10¹²''' (or '''10⁹'''), '''10¹⁸''' and so forth. It appealed to me as a lapsed mathematician. If Modern English can't use these words we can hrdly use them for ''Englisc''! [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 22:22, 20 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Yeah, I wasn't actually suggesting that "billion" be used; I was indicating meaning... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:35, 21 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::For something of this nature, I think our best bet is to look towards Icelandic and the like. See what yall can find there. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 14:39, 22 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::I don't; Icelandic uses borrowings for million upwards with long-count. I, personally, am fine with expressing numbers of a million and up by multiplication. I just don't want to use borrowings like "million", "billion", etc. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 23:48, 22 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) I should note that þusend þusend WAS found in the record for million. Occasionally, it was was þusend siðan þusend (which is more of a thousand times thousand). Sometimes it would be like "eleven hundred thousand" for 1.1 million, or a combination as such. I suggest we use þusend þusend, þusend-þusend, or a straight compound þusendþusend for million. Billion might just have to be three, so þusend þusend þusend. --[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 17:43, 29 Wēodmōnaþ 2017 (UTC) :We do have: :''Micel getel is ðæra haligra gasta, þe on Godes rice eardiað, be ðam cwæð se witega Daniel, "Þusend ðusenda ðenodon þam Heofonlican Wealdende, and ten ðusend siðan hundfealde ðusenda him mid wunodon."'' :("Many are counted of the holy ghosts, who inhabit God's kingdom, by whom spoke Daniel the prophet, "A thousand thousand served the Heavenly Lord, and ten thousand times a hundredfold thousands dwelt with him") :[[Brūcend:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Hogweard|mōtung]]) 17:48, 29 Wēodmōnaþ 2017 (UTC) ==O== ===Ocean=== This is by no means a new word, but rather checking usage; I saw "Atlantisc Gārsecg" ("Atlantic Ocean") being used on the article about Iceland. Wouldn't "geofon" be a better word to use in standard usage, as "gār-secg" seems to me to be mainly a poetic word? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 23:15, 27 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :In the OE [[Orosius]], '''gārsecg''' is used in plain, unpoetic text not only for "ocean" generally but for specific oceans. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:14, 13 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) Ah, well... Guess it is authentic and non-poetic then... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:45, 13 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Octopus=== #se '''eahtafōt''', transliteration of ''octopus''. #se '''kræken''', from historic examples and from other Germanic languages. — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 02:59, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :I always though of them as "eahtearma" since the tentacles seem more like arms in function to me, and octopuses are also called "cephalopod" ("head-foot") (because of their heads). So, are they feet their tentacles or their head? [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 02:15, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) ::For this choice, I was going by pure linguistics. Also see the 2nd choice (just added). — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 02:59, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :::How did our ancestors manage to miss mentioning octopuses or squid or polyps in any text? However, a cuttlefish is '''cudele''' or '''wāsescite''' ("ooze-sheet" or "slime-cornered"?). [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:18, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :The Anglo-Saxons were no great seafarers. I would say the most notable sea-fearing they ever did was probably to and around Great Britain, or perhaps some forced undesirable position on Viking ships (though I doubt that happened much if at all). Whether or not they knew of octopuses (I'm pretty sure they would have), they probably weren't very familiar with them (are there many octopuses in the shallows around Britain?). Possibly they didn't usually distinguish them from cuttlefishes? Certainly even today any various other Germanic languages some words for octopuses are also used for cuttlefish and even squid. It would seem that they were not well known in any ancient Germanic culture (I couldn't find any word for "octopus" in the Germanic Lexicon project search, which covers multiple sources, including two of the most comprehensive sources on the two most well documented ancient Germanic languages - Old Norse and Old English; and modern words for octopuses in various Germanic languages seem to be of rather recent source, since they are quite diverse). :Þēahhƿæðere mē þynceþ þæt þū scolde bet secȝan ƿord þā sind ȝelīcran "direct part-for-part translation" þonne "pure linguistics", Ƿōdenhelm, for þȳ ''ǣniȝ'' sprǣccræft is "pure linguistics". Ȝif þū ƿille brūcan "kræken" for þȳ þe hit is ȝelīc ƿorde þe is ȝebrocen on Alamannisce and Niðerlendisce for þisre ƿihte, and þe is ȝebrocen on missenlīcum ōðrum sprǣcum for ƿrǣtlīcum fīfle, þonne mē þynceþ þætte þū scolde ƿrītan "kraken" for þȳ þe hit is ȝelīcre þǣm ȝeƿritnum ƿordum þisra sprǣca, and neall folc spricþ sƿā hīe ƿǣren Ȝeānedrīcisc oþþe Canadisc. Ōðru ƿord fram missenlīcum Germaniscum sprǣcum: *hēafod-crabba - Īslendisc ''kolkrabbi'' (mē ne līcaþ sƿīðe, ac hit nis oferlīce yfel) *blæc/tælȝ-fisc - Sƿēoþēodisc ''bläckfisk'' and Alamannisc "Tintenfisch" *blæc/tælȝ-scēota - Norren ''blekksprut'' and Denisc "blæksprutte" ("sprut" mǣneþ sōþlīce "splash") Oþþe meahtlīce scoldon ƿē efne brūcan ƿord þe is ȝelīc þǣm ƿorde "cudele" (tō bȳsne "ȝrēat cudele" oþþe "hēafod-cudele" oþþe "earm-cudele" oþþe "brād cudele" oþþe "lanȝ cudele", and sƿā forþ). [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 07:29, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :Me ðinceð hit til, swylce '''blæcfisc'''. :Actually, octopuses and squid are found around the British coast if not in great shoals: the common octopus is known for climbing into lobster pots and helping itself, while even giant squid wash ashore on occasion (there are reports as far back as the 17th century). The problem is not that the beasties were unknown but whether anyone wrote the name down. Cuttlefish have long been valued for their ink (sepia) and cuttlebone, but the octopus is just a pest. Likewise, you can hardly move for jellyfish in some waters, but not a single reference comes down to us from ''Englisc'', nor starfish despite their commonness and distinctive oddity. :Clark Hall suggests '''walscite''' may mean cuttlefish or squid and that the work comes from ''sceotan'', so ooze-shooter, as they both shoot through the water with a jet of ink (as does the octopus, I believe).[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 22:34, 25 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) ::For '''kræken''', ȝemynd '''slapen > slæpan''', and sƿa forþ. — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 02:41, 26 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :Mē līcaþ þæt ƿord "blæcfisc" ƿell ēac. Lā hƿæt, Ƿōdenhelm, þæt is sōþ. Ic ƿæs on dƿolan. [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 06:45, 26 Wēodmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) :Not the most relevant, but I think we should avoid the letter '''k''' in most of our Englisc stuff. After all, the Anglo-Saxons didn't often use it. I would recommend '''cræce''' or '''cræcen''' instead of '''kræken''' --[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 02:10, 30 Se Æfterra Gēola 2017 (UTC) ==P== ===Pamphlet=== þæt '''Ƿīsdōmȝeƿrit'''. Might not be dead-on, but I figured it's pretty close. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 11:51, 27 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Physics/Physical Science=== Se '''fæstlīca ƿitancræft'''. '''ƿitancræft''' for "science" has a page already. Originally, I set this meaning to '''middangeardlīcan ƿitancræft''', which though '''middangeardlīc''' is an attested word, I found that it was too broad for physics alone. '''middangeardlīcan ƿitancræft''' would be a good phrase for all natural sciences, as '''middangeardlīc''' means anything terrestrial/not-metaphysical. '''fæst''' oþþe '''fæstlīc''' is better for physical science for that it emphasizes the fact that we are dealing with the "world of things which are fast-set and firm: meaning can be touched and felt" such as rigid bodies. — <font size="3">[[User:Eaþmod Þéow]]</font> ([[User talk:Eaþmod Þéow]]) 07:18, 23 Hāligmōnaþ 2026 (UTC) ===Plastic=== Sēo '''fōrscieppedness''' (partly inspired by the word itself, which means "shapeable" - after the shapeability of the unset form of plastic; but I used for/fōr (usually used as a prefix for emphasis) to distinguish it from an easily misunderstandable "scieppedness"). The Adjective would be '''fōrscieppedlic'''.[[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:23, 18 Se Æfterra Gēola 2010 (UTC) :Well, '''fōr''' is "journey" (from '''feran'''), and '''for-''' usually has an "against" element, but for the general idea, it might work better for "the plasticity," but maybe for the material itself, a variant of '''clǣȝ''' could work, as both clay and plastic are useful for being shapeable (and perhaps plastic is the modern clay). First idea I have right off is '''se nīƿclǣȝ'''. Any further ideas? — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 07:59, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Well, I've found it as a variant of "for-" (a suffix often of emphasis) in words like "fōrnēan"; although there's no particular reason to use it above "for-" - and therefore can be discarded for "for". If one is unwilling to take "-ness" for non-abstract, then I might suggest instead "(for)sceap-timber". "Nīwclǣg" doesn't seem too bad, though - although I hold yet a preference to the "sceap" idea... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 08:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Yeah '''-nes''' is mostly for abstract ideas, I cant recall right off if there are exceptions (lemme know if you find any), but I'd definitely interpret '''forscieppednes/forsceapnes''' as "plasticity" and the like. Sorry for the delayed reply on this one, but I cant always tackle these on the first time I see them; sometimes it just has to come to me. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 11:23, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Now try "polymerisation"! [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 12:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::::'''Mæniȝlingȝeþēodung''' :D — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 12:56, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) Actually the polymerisation process in plastics involves the joining together of hydrocarbon molecules, whether all of the same substance or of a combination of them, to create long-chain hydrocarbon molecules, which might be aligned ("crystaline") forms producing a high density polymers or unaligned producing a low-density polymer. A word with "chain" in it would work. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 18:23, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Perhaps, then, "lang-racent-gemot-lǣcing"? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:32, 30 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Playing cards === Hi, I was wondering what word we could have for playing cards. I was thinking it could could be "spilungcartan", although I prefer "spilcartan", as this would be more like other Germanic languages, like Dutch "speelkaarten" or Icelandic "spilakort". Anyone got any thoughts? --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 17:41, 25 Se Æfterra Gēola 2009 (UTC) :Sounds perfect — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᛁᚳ ᚻᚹᛁᛋᛈᚱᛖ ᛁᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛠᚱᛖᚾ ᚦᚪᚱᚪ ᛞᛠᛞᚪ...]] 18:44, 25 Se Æfterra Gēola 2009 (UTC) ::It would be ''spilkoarten'' in Saterlandic, so I think ''spilcartan'' sounds good :) --[[User:Ooswesthoesbes|Ooswesthoesbes]] 19:31, 25 Se Æfterra Gēola 2009 (UTC) ===Police=== se '''Burgƿeard''' ===Political words=== On the political section of the article about Niwe Sæland, I've been using the following words (any comments, please?): *Constitutional monarchy - gesetedcund cynerīce (gesetedness - constitution, law, etc) :Perhaps '''cynedōm''' instead of '''cynerīce''' here: the latter refers to the realm and the former to the position of the king.[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 07:27, 25 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) *Election - wealdcēosung :or just ''cēosung'' [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 07:27, 25 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::True, I did use that in reference to election once it was clear what it was. Election does just literally mean "cēosung", too... Maybe it could just be "cēosung", and, if needs be, "wealdes" to classify (but as separate word). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:40, 26 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) *House of Executives - Gelǣstende hūs *House of Representatives - Hūs Fōrestandenda *Leader of the Opposition - Hēafodmann þæs Oferstealles *National - <s>Landþēawisc (lit. "land-traditional" (perhaps should be "þēod-þēawisc")</s>; folclic *Parliment - Gemōt (a little ambiguous, I admit, but it's authentic; and one can tell what's being spoken about in the relevant context; but perhaps I might use "witenagemōt"?) *Party (politics) - wealdþrēat *Politician - wealdsēcend *Politics - wealdscipe *Prime Minister - Forma Þegn *Sovereign - wieldende *Unicameral parliament - ānfeald gemōt * Vote - '''cyre''', ''(choice)'' noun derived from '''ċēosan''' [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:56, 25 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Politics=== se '''Laguþēaƿ''', '''þēaƿ''' being directly from ''politics/policy'', and '''lagu''' in order to clarify it as ''legal'' customs (as opposed to cultural customs) — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 11:27, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :There ought to be something along the lines of '''rǣdcræft''' or '''geþingecræft''', though I do not know of any authentic word. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 12:39, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Those sound pretty good too, although I feel that '''laguþēaƿ''' is a touch more specific, as it implies ''legal policy'', although whether it's a good term for ''politics'' as a whole, I'm not sure. '''Rǣdcræft''' might be a touch broad, sounding to me as "advice/council" (which could extend into business or financial advisors and whatnot). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 13:03, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Population/Census === '''Burgƿaru''' - population '''Lēodtelle''' - census ===Postal service=== '''Ærendþegnung''' for postal service. '''Ærendrūn''' for "postcode" (or "zip" if you are in Vinland). [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 22:29, 12 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :"Ærendþegnung" seems good, but couldn't -"rūn" be a bit ambiguous (as in "secret, mystery")? "Stafa" is more precise, but only singular in meaning. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:02, 13 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Yeah he's right on that. Although it's very common to think of "runes" as being a writing system, we should force ourselves to remember that they're "mysteries" (as in Heathen circles, we make a clear distinction between the mysterious forces themselves, '''runes''', and the written characters used to represent them, '''runestaves'''.) [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 06:28, 14 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Perhaps '''ærendsicorword''' or something such like ("messaging-certain/safe-word")? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:41, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::On the other hand the postcode is a ''code'', and ''rūn'' fits that. I can't think of any other word for "code". ''Rūn'' is also used for "sacrament", in the sense of "mystery". It seems to be of wide usage. (Postcodes are a mystery to me, and I've read the Royal Mail's postal addressing guide!) [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 20:14, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::I'd be willing to give '''ærend-rūn-word''' a try... It specifies it as something linguistic or ''written'' as opposed to the more ultimate concept of simply "mystery". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:00, 17 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Prairie=== I'm wondering if we could use "'''preariġ'''" for prairie. See West Frisian ''prêrje'', North Frisian ''prerii'', Dutch ''prairie'', and German ''prärie''. I'll add more later. [[Brūcend:TheDingusDingo|TheDingusDingo]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:TheDingusDingo|motung]]) 04:55, 20 Eastermonað 2025 (UTC) :I don't like the look of that. The word is French, derived from Latin, and only appeared late even in that language. We have several derivatives from ''wong'' / ''wang'', which is the Englisc equivalent in origin. '''Gærswong''' is a grassy plain, while '''eorþwong''' is the plain of the Earth but might work, or '''landwong'''. We also have '''emnland''' or '''emnett''' for level land. :We could use the same term for the Russian steppe. Whenever that land is described in Orosius it is by reference to the Scythians living there, or its unwæstmbærnesse, rather than giving a specific term. My research is limited though. [[Brūcend:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Hogweard|motung]]) 13:01, 20 Eastermonað 2025 (UTC) ::I wonder, what about the Mammoth steppes? Honestly, ''(eorþ; land; or gærs)wongwisent'' (steppe bison) and ''wongwisent'' (plains bison) will sound confusing. [[Brūcend:TheDingusDingo|TheDingusDingo]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:TheDingusDingo|motung]]) 18:04, 4 Þrimilcemonað 2025 (UTC) ==Potato== Eorþæppel was previously used, based on cognate words in other modern Germanic languages. However, according to BT (Bosworth and Toller Old English dictionary) (which can be searched searched through online [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/search/aa_search.html here]), eorþæppel was already used on OE, and was used to mean "cucumber". Possibly could use a synonym for "eorþ" instead of earth (like "ȝrund"). Other suggestions have been: *Borrow from another language (like "cartoffel" or "patata") (I myself don't like borrowing) *Mor-æppel (from Hogweard) (my favorite so far) *Spad-æppel (also from Hogweard) (based on that "spud" came from a word probably related to "spadu") *Eorþ-pere (based on a rarely used German word "Erdbirne") [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 02:22, 26 Solmōnaþ 2011 (UTC) ===Predict=== I'd directly use '''forebodian''', a simple mix of '''fore''' and '''bodian''', clearly continued into "forebode." *[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/forebode#Verb Wikitionary: Forebode] *[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=forebode&searchmode=none Etymonline: Fore + bode] —[[User:Wōdenhelm|Ƿōdenhelm]] 15:36, 15 Blōtmōnaþ 2008 (UTC) ===Protein=== I suggest this (a near-literal translation of what some languages, such as Mandarin, Czech, Finnish, have) - '''ǣglīmtimber'''. Open to improvements on that... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:56, 9 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Or we could just do '''formen''' (forma+en) as a literal element-by-element translation, but I still prefer the first suggestion mine. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 09:36, 9 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :: aeghvit ===Psychology=== Currently using '''hyȝeleornung''' as a beta-term on the article [[Ergo Proxy]]. Is this easily understood? Is there a better Germanic cognate which does NOT involve a direct Greek loan-word? [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 22:26, 1 Solmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :The Icelandic term is "sálfræði", which means "soul/mind science". A direct translation would be "sāwolcræft", but "gemyndcræft" sounds more realistic to me. "Hyȝe" only really appears in poetry, but what are your thoughts? --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 23:36, 1 Solmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::Ya know, I ''almost'' went with either sāƿol/ȝemyndcræft... but only reason I didnt, was just to avoid overuse of ''cræft''. But hey, those are prob'ly better for this use anyway. Got a preference for either one? Seems that '''ȝemyndcræft''' would be more accurate, since the meaning behind "psyche"-ology has changed. (Good thing for us, we can update!) [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 00:20, 2 Solmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ==R== ===Rabbit=== se '''Holling''' (cf. German "Kaninchen" from Latin word for hole). [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 05:05, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :'''Rabbit''' already has a name, '''[[coning|coning/coniȝ]]'''. It was attested as "coney" (pronounced "cunny") a few centuries back, but due to religious frowning upon the name's being associated with slang for female genitalia, the name was changed. Same with cock/rooster. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 16:40, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :'''+''' [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rabbit Etymonline: Rabbit] and [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=coney Etymonline:Coney] [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 16:44, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :::It would (forget that; it ''does'') seem to me that that word was not in use in Old English times, in which case I would think that it were better that a word of actual English etymology would be better. If it was in use back in OE times, could you please provide a link to such a reliable online dictionary as would attest to be being used in OE? Thanks. [[User:Gott wisst|Gott wisst]] 04:08, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::::The two links I provided showed their earliest forms in English. There are no native Germanic terms for "rabbit," as the animal itself is not native to northern Europe at all. Please research the term "coney." [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 10:22, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :::::Very well, then. I will, for the sake of unity on this Wikipedia, use coning (not that I've actually had need for the word yet!), but the point I was making was that, if there are no native words for it, why not make up a neologism from English words instead of borrowing from French through a later form of English (and, personally, I will not support this usage outside of Wikipedia). [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 04:51, 27 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :I've had a fresh thought; how about '''holhara'''? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:05, 7 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Racism === sēo '''ƿiþþēodiȝnes''', "being against a people", or perhaps something involving '''fordēman''' (which already means "prejudge/prejudice"), such as "hē fordēmþ (ƿiþ) blæċfolc". Maybe '''þēodfordōm''' as the noun. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 07:19, 7 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Perhaps just '''folc-hete''' for racism? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:49, 7 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::That works too. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 08:06, 7 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::: sēo '''cneōres''' means ''race, generation, tribe''. It might fit in there too.--[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 04:22, 30 Se Æfterra Gēola 2017 (UTC) ===Reference (as used on Wikipedia)=== '''Fruma(n)''' ===Relative pronoun=== se '''onhleoniende bīnama'''. [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 05:04, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ===Religion=== '''Ȝelēafa(n)''' ''(other Germanic languages use their version of this word for religion– even Pennsylvania German does this)'' ===Reykjavik=== '''Reċƿīċ''' ===Rice and Maize=== I was kinda surprised that clearly-borrowed "mǣs" and "rīs" were used on the "corn" page for these two grains. I suggest "westcorn" for maize (becuase it comes from the "West") and "ēastcorn" for rice (because it comes from Asia, "the East"). Another possible word for maize I can think of would be "Americanisc corn" or "Indianisc corn". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:02, 18 Se Æfterra Gēola 2010 (UTC) :Yeah I used those because they seemed to be the best choices that I could think of. I try to balance staying true to OE, and understanding if something is "trying too hard". Although '''ƿinlendisc corn''' might not be so bad for maize. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 06:18, 15 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Wīnlandisc corn seems pretty good to me; also, I've thought of what I consider to be an improvement on "ēastcorn": '''wætercorn''' (because rice grows in paddy fields). How does that seem for "rice"? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:33, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) If we are to go by the ideal of "authentic before neologism", '''rīs''' and '''mǣs''' will be needed though. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 09:02, 1 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==S== ===Salad=== Comes from a latin ''adjective'', '''salata''', meaning '''salted''' (vegetables)<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=salad</ref>. So, we could transliterate it into '''sealted''', treating it as a noun, or ''make it into'' a noun as '''sealtere''', (which might be a bit of a stretch, considering sealtere could be used as something different). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 01:20, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Ah, yes, this is a hard one... I have thought about this long before you put this post up... I hesitate to use something with "sealt" in it because that doesn't necessarily reflect the modern "salad". When I think in Englisc (a good language exercise, I find), I generally use something like "gemang-bitan" ("mix-morsels"). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:43, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Idea for a new word altogether: '''sealed''', so that it could ''resemble'' the "salted" root, yet not actually be "salted". At the same time, it resembles (yet isnt) "salad". — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 03:47, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Well, I thought of a [[en:Phono-semantic matching|phono-semantic match]]: "sǣlþ-ǣt" ("joy-food")... Somewhat quaint, admittedly. I would go with "sealted" before "sealed" just because it actually has an OE root and kinda.... makes sense. Although, still, I do like my little "gemang-bitan".[[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:59, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Yeah. I definitely wont rush to a decision on this one. Eventually it'll work itself out. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 04:12, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Scientific=== Seeing as witancræft is used for science, scientific could be '''witancræftlic''', as the German '''wissenschaftliche''' and Dutch '''wetenschappelijk'''. ===Scientist=== Clearly someone who performs scientific research, but I don't know how the concept of "one who performs X action" is expressed in Englisc. --[[User:Von Magnet|Von Magnet]] 15:31, 4 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) :Would '''witancræftere''' work? --[[User:Von Magnet|Von Magnet]] 08:11, 5 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) I've used '''ƿitancræftmann'''. [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 08:13, 6 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) :Never mind, I haven't used that word (not on this Wikipedia, at least). [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 08:17, 6 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) ::There is one use of the word here: http://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesprec:D%C6%BFeli%C8%9Dende_tun%C8%9Dol --[[User:Von Magnet|Von Magnet]] 11:04, 6 Winterfylleþ 2011 (UTC) ===Shark=== '''[[Sǣhund]]''' :Since the origin of Shark is largely unknown, most Germanic languages, including Frisian use something like Hai, haf, or haai. As thus, I suggest perhaps '''hǣf, hāf, hāge, hǣge'''. The word '''hæf''' DOES mean ''sea'' and in Icelandic the word is háffisk, and as thus we could also go with '''hǣffisc''' to match. --[[Brūcend:Blackkdark|Timoði Pætricus Snīðer]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Blackkdark|mōtung]]) 02:33, 30 Se Æfterra Gēola 2017 (UTC) ===Shrimp=== * se '''Ræċere''', (Norwegian: reker; Icelandic: rækjur; Swedish: räkor) * or '''Ȝenōt''' (Low Saxon: genoat; Zealandic: gornaet; Dutch: garnalen) * perhaps '''Scrimma'''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=shrimp</ref> from ''scrimman''. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 23:50, 11 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Right now I'm liking the word "scrimma". I couldn't find any roots for "genōt" or "ræcere". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:49, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Yeah, '''scrimma''' would resemble shrimp, and would indeed come from the same root. The others were attempts at creating cognates from other ''Þēodisc'' languages. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 03:45, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Ski=== '''scīd''' ''sn'' (attested and cognate to "ski", but meaning "think, split piece of wood" or "shingle") ===Snowboard=== '''snāƿbord''' ''sm'' ===Spelling (armor/armour)=== Currently using '''bōcstæfing''' on [[Montréal Canadiens]]. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 18:57, 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Me þynceþ god genog. Hit is understandenlic me. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:39, 11 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Sport=== Several: '''Pleȝa(s)''', '''indryhtu/indryhta''' (cognates used by Swedish, Icelandic, Faroese), '''indryhtegamen''' (as a specifier), and '''sport''' as the whole planet uses this. ====Specific sports==== While we're at it, might as well cover much as we can. Here are some suggestions; add comment beside them <!--will add more-->: *[[Americanisc fōtball]] *Badminton - feðerstrǣlgamen ''sn'' *[[Fōtball]] *Hang-gliding - āhangenglīdung ''sf'' *Rugby - scufenclīewengamen ''sn'' :Possibly '''Hrōcbyrȝ'''(isc) '''fōtball''', see [http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rugby Etymonline: Rugby]. *Skiing - scīdfarung ''sf'' *Snowboarding - snāwbordfarung ''sf'' *Surfing - wǣgrīdung ''sf'' [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:30, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Well [[clīeƿen fōtball|fōtball]] is already covered (even Spanish uses an English loanword for this), and I imported īshociȝ for ice hockey, as it seems to simply be untranslatable. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 06:59, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Ēa, me þynceþ þæt ic sprece smætor þonne þearfum þu. "...(even Spanish uses English loanword for this)..." And for þæm we eac swa doþ... For hockey, possibly "slēaoþ" (from "slēan" - "to hit" + "-oþ" - ending added to verbs to make noun denoting action); therefore "īs-slēaoþ". Hu þencest þu ymb þisre foresetednesse? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 09:03, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ====Sporting equipment==== <s>*ball - cliewen ''sn'' [historical]</s> ''(ball/boll are native English, stemming all the way back to proto-Germanic)''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=ball</ref> **You just demonstrated that "ball" it did not come through English but was a loanword. It is native to ''Germanic''. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:24, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Well, yeah, used in OE though, native to its cousin. **Again, I can find no occurrence of "ball" in OE itself, not even after the Viking invasion (that is to say, I did not go and read all the documents from after the Viking invasion, but I can still not find "ball" in any dictionary or reference otherwise). And even if it were ever used in the OE period, that does not rule out "cliewen" as inappropriate. *bat - <s>slēande sticca ''wm''</s> :*or '''batt'''' ::Indeed, I picked up on that after I made that post... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] *<s>goal - mearcgeat ''sn''</s> ''(gāl/gōl is actually native Englisc, believe it or not, said to mark the end of a race competition. thus it can easily extend to mean any sporting goal)''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=goal</ref> **I am fine with "gol/gal" if it is native, but I am unable to find it anywhere (not with that usage, anyway - I found, "lust, desire, pleasure, lightness, folly"). Could you please give me a reference or an OE document with it in it being thus used? **Ah, you did notice that was only a reconstruction? *puck - efencliewen ''sn'', pucca ''wm'' **Word is said to *possibly* stem from the creature Puck, thus in OE being '''pucca/puca'''<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Puck</ref> **I can handle hitting a "devil" around on the ice, I guess... It is quaint, though, to say the least. Nonetheless, it will remain my personal preference to use "efencliewen" *racquet - nettbatt ''sn'' *shuttlecock - feðerstrǣl ''sm'' :* or '''scealþelcocc''' These are suggestions, possibly to be improved upon. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 06:48, 13 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Hmm, Hogweard, maybe you're meaning "scytelcocc"? Can't find "scealþel" anywhere. I myself never went for this word because I never really saw the logic behind the "cocc" bit (see Wiktionary for explaination, but I think "feðer" does the same job much better), although "scytel" is certainly usable. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:37, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::I meant '''sceaþelcocc'''. ''Sceaþel'' is a word for "shuttle". (The alternative is '''hrisel''' but '''sceaþel''' is word from which we get the "shuttle" element.) ::::A shuttlecock is so called because it has a spray of feathers, making it look like a cock, and it goes back and forth, like a shuttle. ::::[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 13:45, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Was able to find "sceaþel". It still isn't the ancestor of the modern word shuttle, though (check OED, Wiktionary, & much more) - scytel/scutel is (maybe "sceaþel" is a corruption of it?). I was aware of the explanation for the "cocc" bit (that's why I gave ref. to Wiktionary) but still think "feðer" does job better. I'll leave the choice to you, though. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 21:03, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Sugar=== What about '''swētel''' (from swēte+el (when neuter, denotes thing)) or '''swēte grēot''' (especially for crystallized sugar)? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:43, 16 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Yeah '''sƿētel''' actually sounds both good and natural. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 19:31, 23 Solmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Surfboard=== '''ƿǣȝbord''' ''sm'' {I've only just found out that this isn't a new word - it was used to mean "board in a ship" - I still think that this word could be used for a surfboard, though... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:33, 25 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC)) ==T== ===Taxonomy=== There are many words in OE for "kind", "species", etc. But they need to be organized into regular order of usage according to modern taxonomy in OE. I am not sure if this has been semi-established already. If so, could someone please tell the order of the words (I know to use "rīce" for kingdom)? If not, we should work out an order for them. Shouldn't be too hard. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:32, 11 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Okay, then, no suggestions, so I'll suggest an order: *domain - hēafod *kingdom - rīce *phylum - þēod *class - flocc *order - hād *family - cnēoris *genus - cnōsl *species - gecynd How 'bout it? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 07:10, 16 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Some of these are covered, although whether our current terms for them are the best, is open for debate... for example, see the infobox on '''[[fenberȝe]]'''. That way you can see what we have, and balance it against your proposals, see how they match up. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 16:29, 16 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Indeed, I'll update the list. But I think "species" should be "gecynd/cynn" rather than the neologism "undercnosl". Hwæt sægst þu? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:56, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Never mind, I see it meant "sub-genus". But could someone (namely Wodenhelm) please change "phylum" in the template to "þeod" or work out another word for "phylum" and do likewise? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:42, 5 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::I wont be able to change the existing Taxobox template unless I become an administrator (we currently have none). What I can do in the mean time would be to make a copy, and go that route. (Speaking of, if yall are in support, we can see about getting me some adminship). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 14:50, 5 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Oh... I see. Well, I'm willing to give you my vote. However, be aware that I will be away for three days after tomorrow afternoon, and will not be able to access a computer; so if you do anything in that time, I won't be there to support you... [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:58, 6 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Telepathy=== I've used '''feorrþanc''' on the article [[Dēofol (gamen)]] === Tea === Anyone got any thoughts about what "tea" could be? I was thinking it could be "tē", which would be consistent with German "Tee" and I suppose Icelandic "te". --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 12:22, 12 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :Sounds good to me. Aint like we've got much room to work with on that one lol [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 04:44, 22 Mǣdmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::May I suggest [http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/005342 bryðen] since one talks about brewing tea?--[[Syndrig:Contributions/90.210.115.6|90.210.115.6]] 19:03, 17 Wēodmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Fitting for any brewed drink, but then how would you distinguish tea from coffee, beer, whatever else that gets brewed? If the most conservative of Germanic languages, Icelandic, uses a form of the word we already use, then that pretty much resolves it, in my view. — <font face="Junicode"><font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]])</font> 20:03, 17 Wēodmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Our group of learners currently uses se lēafdrenc (and se bēandrenc for coffee). If the problem with bryðen is to distinguish coffee and bear, why not use lēafbryðen ? [[User:Cerddaf|Cerddaf]] 08:23, 22 ðrīmeolce 2014 (UTC) :::::I'd protest that tea is tea, but then remember that we also call it 'char' and 'chai', when in a skittish mood. Tea was unknown in the west until the modern age so there will be nothing authentic. We could stick with '''te''' as an introduced word. If though cinnamon is ''[[ofersǣwisc rind]]'' and ''sūðerne rind'', perhaps something similar for tea? "Chinese" maybe, for which we have ''Sericus'' and for the people ''[[Seringas]]'' (Widsið). :::::We could use two forms alternatively. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[User talk:Hogweard|talk]]) 12:33, 12 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2014 (UTC) ===Temperature scale=== þæt '''Hātȝemet''' (þā hātȝemetu) - from ''heat-measure'', could also be used for ''degrees'' in the temperature sense. ===Template=== þæt '''Forebiliþ'''. [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 05:03, 2 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::Forget that, apparently "bysen" is being used. [[User:Gottistgut|Gegréte ic thec on míne brúcendsíde]] 03:41, 29 Ēastermōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ===Theory (scientific)=== The word is derived from the Greek "theoria" meaning "a looking at, viewing, beholding" so an Englisc word may be derived from the word for "a viewing" (foregīmnes, judging from a few searches, but I'm not sure it's correct). Or going down the "word-borrowing" route, perhaps '''þēori'''. ===Tobacco and cigars=== I suggest '''rēc-wēod''' for "tobacco" and "rēc-sticc(a)(-incel)" for cigar(-ette). I would love to be creative with "nicotine" and do something like "georn-timber" (because of it's addictiveness), but I have a feeling that that would fit down yer gullets well, so I'll compromise at "nicot-en". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 00:30, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) From En.Wikipedia's "Tobacco": :'''Etymology''' :The Spanish word "''tabaco''" <!-- notice for spellcheckers: 'tabaco' is the correct spelling of the Spanish word -->is thought to have its origin in [[Arawakan]] language, particularly, in the [[Taino]] language of the [[Caribbean]]. In Taino, it was said to refer either to a roll of tobacco leaves (according to [[Bartolome de Las Casas]], 1552), or to the ''[[tabago]]'', a kind of Y-shaped pipe for sniffing tobacco smoke (according to Oviedo; with the leaves themselves being referred to as ''cohiba'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wais.stanford.edu/Cuba/cuba_ColumbusDiscoversCuba(110503).html|title=World Association of International Studies, Stanford University}}</ref> :However, similar words in Spanish and Italian were commonly used from 1410 to define medicinal [[herb]]s, originating from the [[arabic language|Arabic]] طبق ''tabbaq'', a word reportedly dating to the 9th century, as the name of various herbs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=tobacco|title=Online Etymological Dictionary}}</ref> Plus there's Icelandic '''tóbak''', Danish '''tobak''', German and Dutch '''tabak''', Norwegian '''tobakk''', West-Flemish '''toebak'''. In general, words from outside Germanic, Latinate, or Gaelic seem to be considered "untranslatable" historically, and always end up as pure loanwords in practice. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 01:00, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::You do love the "everyone else is doing it" excuse <!--and I don't!-->... Apart from that German and Dutch and Icelandic and Swedish and Norwegian and Frisian and Danish and Faroese etc. don't do it, can you give me a reason why "recweod" is inappropriate for this concept within the the context of Old English itself (it being taken for granted that OE lacks and therefore needs a word/term for such a concept - on both sides of the argument/debate/discussion)? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:25, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) <!--P.S. I thought you had hostile feelings towards linguistic imperialism - you are quite defensive of Appalachian English - not generally considered standard or "correct" itself - maybe you intended to say that "toba'''cc'''o" was least ''historical''?--> :::I try to balance several factors when forming terms: what other Germanic languages use (as OE is Germanic also), what the rest of the world calls something, how their terms would form in OE based on natural speech pattern evolution (Example, "Rēċƿīċ" for the city in Īsland). :::If ALL other Germanic languages use one term for something, then we have no choice really. If the whole world uses one term, then anything else is out of the question. If there are multiple terms, then I have to balance out those that are used by Englisc's closest relatives, and Anglicize them. If there's basically no consistency across the other languages (especially for a more modern concept), THEN we're open to experiment with terms. In the case of tobacco, it's been around for a while, and everyone calls it the same thing. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 02:33, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::'''+''' I'm trying my best to reform the language as naturally as possible, remember that even "most pure" OE still had loanwords, and absolutely was not a language isolate. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 02:34, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :I see you to be embracing my forestated views of yourself... I actually have no feeling that "global words" are "unquestionable" and "family words" are "hardly questionable". First person to write the article gets first pick, and second person gets to add "eac gehaten..." I say. I'm off to do some work, so you've some time. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 02:48, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::...dont get all bent out of shape because I feel you have poor judgement in picking terms. For instance, your choice for "golf" was a bad term, and quite frankly, I often have a hard time understanding what you write. As a test for new terms, I go to my Englisc-speaking friends, present it to them, and ask them "ok, what do you think this means?". If they guess at least somewhat close to what I intended, then I see it as a good term. But dont think that I'm strictly against anything you think up, as your "sƿētel" term was dead-on perfect, in my opinion. You just need to review your ideas in reverse also (looking at "ānsƿingoþ" by itself, for instance, and questioning how others will interpret it). As a side-note, use '''hǣtt''', not '''is ȝehāten''', as it's the same as German '''heißen''': ich heiße, iċ hǣtt. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:01, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::You are right to assume I'm somewhat annoyed by now... That (some of) my linguistic choices are bad is your opinion only, I think (in much the same way that I might see some of your choices as bad is only an opinion, and that my linguistic purism is only a preference - when it comes to neologisms, nobody can claim to be "right" or even "historical"). No offence, but I've noted you to make frequent grammatical "mistakes" (or, at least, "non-historicities") (especially in the area of not using the weak adjective where historically it was used (after articles, demonstratives, possessives, etc.), and the treatment of "east, west, norþ, suþ" as (declinable) adjectives rather than compound word components (sometimes historically written as separate words, admittedly (although, then again, so were many prefixes, for example ge-, which outside of the context of a prefix has a functionally different meaning and a different etymology in OE - so should we go writing things like "ic hæbbe ge don hit..."?) so possibly viewable as an adjective - depending on one's standards - but never declined) or adverbs); so if your friends reach the same standard (you catch my drift)... Even if they don't, it is unfortunate and a fact of life that some words are not easily understandable (such as "metal" as a music, and is a "fire-truck" a truck that's on a fire or puts it out?), but when the context is set and the word is explained, I think, for example, "answingoþ" to be appropriate (that is to say, it has nothing inappropriate about it) (it is a game where one hits a ball alone and in a series of single strokes, not with a team nor a continuous dribbling, as in soccer or basketball). I find that, whether or not "hātan" could be used in an intransitive sense (which I have not yet witnessed in a historical OE document), it was certainly used in a transitive sense ("mon hǣtt þæt lond Mānfeld..."), and therefore "is gehāten" is by no means inappropriate. My challenge was fair enough, since neither of us could reach a compromise, and a third party was not stepping in to provide a majority vote, therefore perhaps the person who can be bothered to do the head part of the work should get the honour of choosing which way his work is directed? Consider. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:44, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) That's fine, I hear you, see what I put below. While my grammar may not be perfect or whatever, that's irrelevant, as I put hard consideration from several angles about the words I choose. I feel you try to commit terms without really thinking them over. '''Ānsƿingoþ''' could be what a kid does on a playground, or even what a couple with an "open marriage" does. I felt that one to be "trying too hard". As I've said before, I hate needless loan words, but ''sometimes'' you ''really'' do have to use them. '''[[Gytārre]]''', for example. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:56, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) Ahem, gentlemen. ... Wodenhelm, is there a way that you could confirm when the cognates for tobacco entered into the other languages cited? Thus far, 17th century "weed" is the earliest I've seen used herein. If there's an earlier use in a sister language of one word or another, it would form a sturdier support for an OE neologism. *Grin.* Personally, I like Professor Tolkien's '''pipe-weed'''. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:09, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==== Evidence for/against ==== * '''weed''' (n.) Look up weed at Dictionary.com "plant not valued for use or beauty," O.E. weod, uueod "grass, herb, weed," from P.Gmc. *weud- (cf. O.S. wiod, E.Fris. wiud), of unknown origin. Meaning "tobacco" is from 1606; that of "marijuana" is from 1920s. The verb meaning "to clear the ground of weeds" is late O.E. weodian. 17th century use of weed for tobacco<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/weed</ref> * '''vaporize''' Look up vaporize at Dictionary.com 1630s, from vapor + -ize. Originally "to smoke tobacco;" later "to convert into vapor" (1803), and "to spray with fine mist" (1900). vapor is 14th century, late 14c., from Anglo-Fr. vapour, from L. vaporem (nom. vapor) "exhalation, steam, heat," of unknown origin. and is preceded in the same concept by OE smocian, "to produce smoke"<ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vaporize</ref> * '''Rēċƿēod''' would perhaps be workable for ''smokable'' tobacco, but not for the plant itself, nor for tobacco as a ''product'' or crop, as not all tobacco is smoked (cigarettes, cigars, pipe, snus, snuff, plug, dip, even raw leaves)— unless you wanted to just do a separate approach for each product type, and skip the concept of an all-inclusive "tobacco as a crop" term, but still using '''tobac''' for the plant itself. Also, '''rēċƿēod''' ''could'' be interpreted as '''stinkweed''', which has [[:en:Stinkweed|a different meaning]], as '''rēċ''' is both '''smoke''' (German '''rauchen''') and '''reek'''/bad smell (related to German '''riechen'''). Gotta "back up" your claims for a term, man. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:46, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) '''rēc-wēod''' could be interpreted as "stinkweed," which is a colloquial name for any noxious plant. Three common examples are tree of heaven (a.k.a., stinkweed tree), jimson weed, and field pennycress. I've not personally heard of tobacco being called such. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 03:50, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Meh. Never mind. I see that Wodenhelm gave the reference I was thinking of already. I think the possibility of translating it as stinkweed, rather than smoke-weed (as I assume you mean it to be, Gottisgut) could throw a monkey wrench into the reader's understanding if s/he's used to common names for plants, whether colloquial or as an herbalist. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 03:57, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::But it's accurate (both as "stinkweed" and "smokeweed" - I think, and weed fits the buck (not based upon the colloquial/slang usage to mean "marijuana", though - that wasn't the origin of that thought-train which produced this result) - unless one is addicted to the stuff, and even then sometimes - one of my older sisters got addicted to smoking (she's broken the addiction, and is yet keeping up that break), but she hated it even as she did it) - and "recweod" was never used as a colloquialism in OE, so we do not have to worry about that - we are only trying to establish stuff in OE, not MnE (and if I were to put up a photo of, shall we say, the crop itself or a cigarette, how many people would get confused?). That "recweod" is not appropriate for the whole crop, only a specific usage, is not necessarily true, either, I think - consider that many things are named after a main or important usage of them ("scissors", "hand-towel", "toilet-paper", "bushman's shoelace" (yes, a colloquialism - but still understood to be a specific plant). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:11, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::I'm only attempting to help think it through. If, as a reader, I'm already familiar with pre-existing uses for the modern word "stinkweed," and I see tobacco named such (even if only as an alternative translation), I'm more likely to think of it as someone trying to make a joke or pun than it being an actual term. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:16, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Well, as "actual" a term can be when it's a neologism. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:18, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Also, given the 1606 use, I can see "weed" alone as being a term for tobacco, although I ''suspect'' that it may have been a slang word even then. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:21, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Sorry if you felt attacked just then. Tell you what, since, as I said before, we didn't have a third party to decide a majority, could you please provide that third party? I'll drop the argument for whichever you provide that necessary-for-majority vote - Wikipedia is supposed to be democratic (I think I read that somewhere out there), after all. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:41, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::'Tis fine. I hadn't felt attacked, as it were. As for third-party, I'm not sure what I'd vote on this one: I can see both points, with some precedence for "weed" (by itself). Still, I think "weod" alone is too general, and recweod seems ''almost'' as general (could apply to several different things, one of which can definitely be tobacco, so long as '''rec''' is taken to mean "smoke" and not "smell/reek"). Hurm. Actually, the verb "to produce smoke" is '''smocian''' -- would a new proposal of something like smocende-weod be acceptable? — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:48, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::With perhaps '''tóbac''' (or similar) as an alternative word as well. It would also be readily apparent to the reader. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 04:57, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Just cutting in, strength of argument/case should be used above a popularity contest, as is done for proposals of deletion and whatnot. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 04:53, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :True, but that is going nowhere, and it then becomes purely obnoxious (e.g. I write an article because I believe that have a better argument, then you move it because you think it better, etc). I am open to "smociend-weod" (take the "-e" out - it was standard OE practice; cf. "niwe" but "niw-fara" and much more). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:58, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :I am also open to "pīp-wēod". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:59, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::That's fine. I'm not even ''opposed'' to '''rēċƿēod''', but I felt that the term was limited in scope of what it covers, and could possibly be ambiguous. If used for just the dried crop, then it'd be perfect. I feel '''tobac''' may be needed for the plant itself (almost like how scientific names are used). Perhaps for now, just do one about the crop/ƿyrt, we'll work from there. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 05:03, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::LOL. I hadn't meant that (pipe-weed) as a serious proposal, but I guess. In some ways, I wonder if Tolkien didn't use it simply because, as we, he couldn't come up with something that felt completely natural. — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 05:05, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Well, in that case, I win! Because I'm just superior. :-D (Yes, it's a joke, people....) — [[User:Scíráþ|Scíráþ]] 05:01, 26 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Tourist/tourism=== Tourist "land-scēawere" and tourism "land-scēawing"? [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 09:52, 25 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Tourism was known; that is what pilgrimage is in reality. It was '''elþēodignes''' or '''sūþfōr''' (the latter case presupposes travelling south), or perhaps better still is '''sīþ'''. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 14:55, 25 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Train=== Not sure, thinking of '''tug''' or something, from German '''zug''', and Swedish '''tåg''', with '''tyȝe''' as plural (Ger. '''die tüge'''). Only issues is gender, as in German it's masculine, but in OE, a '''-ug > -yȝ''' pattern is feminine ('''burg > byrȝ'''). Is this a good term? What should its gender be? Other ideas? — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 00:26, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Hmm, possibly also '''rōdƿæȝn''', "rod-wain," with '''rōd''' acting as '''rail'''. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 15:16, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Words for "train" are authentically [http://lexicon.ff.cuni.cz/search/aa_search.html to be found!] There are several, but are any quite right. (I rather like '''tog''', or something from ''teon''.) :: ::Beware of loose language. There are trains that are not railway vehicles, and there are things on railways that are not trains. A locomotive (technical word - we always call it an "engine") is the thing that gives the power; the "train" is the train of carriages behind. In the days before steam, trains were horse-drawn. I do not know if mines used trains to bring ore out as long ago as the AS period, but I am pretty sure no-one wrote a description down if they did. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 19:31, 9 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ===Truck=== Either '''sēo bearƿe''' (origin of "barrow") or '''þæt berƿæȝn''' (berian+ƿæȝn, bearing wain), as the continental cognate of our '''wain''', wagon, is used generically as "vehicle." Which one sounds better? [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 03:03, 21 Mǣdmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :The German ''Lastkraftwagen'' suggests '''Hlæstwægn'''. [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:21, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Even better. '''Hlǣstƿæȝn''' it is. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 16:55, 9 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Um, it ''is'' a short vowel... So you know; cf. ME "last", OFrs. "hlest", Icl. "hlass", and the related OE verb "hladan". [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:45, 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::::Then I shall make it extra-long! I give you... '''hl¯ǣ¯stƿæȝn'''! muahahahahahah! <small>No. I fixed it.</small> — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 04:19, 10 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==U== === Umbrella === þæt '''Reȝnscead''' (rain-shade), as '''umbrella''' comes from Latin ''umbra'', "shade, shadow".<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=umbrella</ref> Perhaps a small point to make, but I prefer neuter '''scead''' to feminine '''sceadu''', ''solely'' to give us modern speakers a distinction between '''shade''' (which I equate with '''scead''') and '''shadow''' (which I equate with '''sceadu'''). Otherwise '''scead''' and '''sceadu''' are the same thing in ancient contexts. Then perhaps to distinguish a "sunbrella," just replate '''reȝn''' with '''sunne''', if needed. — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 01:15, 15 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) === Underground metro === I don't know Anglo-Saxon at all, but I thought about '''undereorþwæȝn''' or something like that. Whatchu think? [[Syndrig:Contributions/178.42.166.176|178.42.166.176]] / Loc :'''Undergrund''' would work better. A '''wægn''' is right for a carriage, but not a whole train nor a whole system. I cannot find a word for "rail" in this sense so I have used '''īsernweg''' before for 'railway'. [[Brūcend:Hogweard|Hogweard]] ([[Brūcendmōtung:Hogweard|mōtung]]) 20:54, 20 Sēremōnaþ 2015 (UTC) :"Īsernweg under næsse" ("iron-way under ground") perhaps, or "neowol īsernweg" ("neowol" has a range of meanings to do with lowness, one of which is "subterranian"). [[biliþ:Benmoreandflower.JPG|border|38px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#262" size="3px">[[user:Gottistgut|Ƿes hāl!]]</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[biliþ:Fiordland Lake Marian.jpg|border|38px]] 08:09, 21 Sēremōnaþ 2015 (UTC) === University === Am proposing ''hēahscōl'' based on the Icelandic '''[[:wiktionary:háskóli|háskóli]]'''. --[[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 04:15, 20 Wēodmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :Sounds good to me, I've been wondering how to tackle this one myself, mainly because in the US, "high school" is used as the final stage of primary education, roughly for ages 14–18. But this term certainly fits the bill. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 04:56, 20 Wēodmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ::I see the same problem with "High School". In Welsh a university is "Prifysgol", which is essentially "Top School" (''heafodlarhus''), but that misleading one about the nature of a university. It is not just a big school. :: ::"University" comes from being a "community of teachers and scholars". ::"Collegium" is known and glossed in the texts, so a college could be a '''framscipe''' or '''frȳgyld''' (or alternate spellings). In Britain a college member is a "fellow", so it could instead be '''fēolagascipe'''. (I used that in the [[Grantasæte]] article.) :: ::For "university" one could try "Irmen-" something. :: ::I thought I had seem some earlier notes on this somewhere. Was it on the ''[http://www.rochester.edu/englisc/ Englisc List]''? :: ::[[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 15:05, 13 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) Yeah, based on '''ȝyld''' might be a good bet: http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=college. I's looking up "guild" and alot of results for "college"-related things came back. [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 01:18, 22 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) ==V== === Volcano === Se '''fȳrbeorg''' (Icelandic has ''eldstöð'', no clue how it translates though). Everyone else uses a variant of "vulcan". [[User:Wōdenhelm|— ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] 22:46, 26 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :''Eld·stöð'' means literally "fire-station", these people's minds work in strange ways... So yes, I think '''fȳrbeorg''' is a much more appropriate term. [[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 16:09, 31 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Actually, it seems the Icelandic for ''fire station'' is ''slökkvi·stöð'', which means "extinguishing-station", or something thereabouts. [[User:Gherkinmad|Gherkinmad]] 16:12, 31 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :::Icelandic has ''eldfjall'' (which is equivalent to ''fyrbeorg''). [[User:Hogweard|Hogweard]] 06:23, 8 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==W== ===Wakeboard=== '''tēondbord''' ''sm'' (lit. "dragging-board") ===Warehouse=== þæt '''Ƿarahūs''', done in plural just as in German<ref>http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=warehouse</ref>. Admittedly enough, this could also be used for a "store," so perhaps '''ċēaphūs''' for that (modeled on German ''kaufhaus''). — <font size="3">[[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]]</font> ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ᚷᛖᛋᛈᚱᛖᚳ]]) 03:49, 15 Þrimilcemōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ==Y== === Yogurt === Ack, this may be hard... til-rotod-meolc ''f.'' (well-rotted-milk)? Better ideas, please. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 01:35, 13 Gēolmōnaþ 2009 (UTC) :I now reckon "meolc-brīw" is better. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 05:25, 25 Hrēþmōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Again, I feel that this one needs not be translated. All other Germanic languages (including Icelandic) use their form of yogurt/jógúrt/joghurt.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt Wikipedia: Yogurt, interwiki language links]</ref> Thus, I say '''ȝeogyrt''' (using ''y'' to destress the 2nd syllable into a schwa, as ''ur'' was most likely spoken as ''or''). — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 21:12, 20 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :To be honest, I hold "meolcbriw" to be better than to borrow the word. You move the [[meolcbrīw|article]], you so without my support or "consent" (in much the same way as I did to your "cuning" article (+"pizza"+hmburgor"), which you did not appreciate, and you did to my "answingoþ" article, which you did appreciate). [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 03:21, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Nah this one I'm not moving, but I just sorta feel like it'll stand out in a sea of '''yogurt'''s. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 03:28, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) :Ah, well, thanks for listening. [[User:Gottistgut|Willcume ic þec on míne brúcendsídan!]] 04:05, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) ::Yeah, we can easily go with a "more than one acceptable term" route, that's fine by me. — [[User:Wōdenhelm|ᚹᚩᛞᛖᚾᚻᛖᛚᛗ]] ([[User talk:Wōdenhelm|ȝespreċ]]) 04:07, 21 Ēastermōnaþ 2010 (UTC) == Fruman == ''For showing where you got your terms from, your sources for your ideas.'' {{reflist}} 0pat8d43sl06donezfykghxts3dnsyw 0 17714 232023 195472 2026-09-23T14:44:47Z Ethanyichenyu 131963 232023 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ymele:Flag of the CIS.svg|right|100px|Ðære Frēorīcena Cynewīsan fāna]] Sēo '''Frēorīcena Cyneƿīse''' is rīcehēap oððe midƿist ðǣrin sind rīcu þe ƿǣron ǣrror in þǣre [[Sofiet Gesamnung|Sofietan Gesamnunge]]e. Hīe sindon: *[[Armenia]] *[[Azerbaijan|Aserbaigan]] *[[Hwītrussland|Hƿītrussland]] *[[Casahstan]] *[[Cirgisstan]] *[[Moldofa]] *[[Russland]] *[[Tacgicastan]] *[[Turcmenistan]] *[[Usbecastan]] [[flocc:Nīwlicu word]] 664x435wyuvv8wi4o1o71i346fxgkhd 0 22531 232033 208802 2026-09-23T20:18:07Z CommonsDelinker 274 Replacing Le_Voyage_dans_la_lune_(black_and_white,_1902).webm with [[File:Le_Voyage_dans_la_Lune_(1902).webm]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:Duplicate|Duplicate]]: Exact or scaled-down duplicate: [[:c::File:Le Voyage da 232033 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ymele:Le Voyage dans la Lune (1902).webm|right|thumb|270px|Fare þaem Monan, 1902]] '''Cwicbiliþ''' is geweorc þærbe spell oððe brydelíc gewrit is atæfred in cwicum leohtbiliðum on filme oððe on oðrum stede þærfram folc mæg gebrucan þone spell in manigfealdum stedum. Oftost mid þæm gelicnessum cymþ dyn. [[Flocc:Cwicbiliþcræft]] [[Flocc:Orþancscipe]] ea56ek1ep67cj7b76lf5aksdl25bztn 0 28629 232036 232002 2026-09-24T04:34:58Z ~2026-51490-19 142906 /* Getæl */ 232036 wikitext text/x-wiki Se '''Heretogscipas Polalandes''' ({{lang-pl|województwo}}) is ān þāra syxtēona scīra on [[Polaland|Polum]]. Þæt ƿord cymeþ fram þǣm Poliscan ƿorde ''ƿojeƿoda'', þæt is heretoga or ealdormann on [[Ænglisċ sprǣċ|Ænglisċe]]. == Getæl == {|width="100%" class="wikitable sortable sort-under col4center col10right col13center" |+ '''Heretogscipas Polalandes sīþ 1999''' !rowspan=2 scope="col"| Scortnama !rowspan=2 scope="col" class="unsortable" | Fana !rowspan=2 scope="col" class="unsortable" | Scild !rowspan=2 scope="col" | Ter. code ! rowspan="2" |[[Ænglisċ sprǣċ|Ænglisċ]] nama ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Nīwenglisċ nama ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Polisc nama ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Capital city/cities |- |- !scope="row" | DS !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo dolnośląskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo dolnośląskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 02 | [[Niðer Sysylaland Heretogscipe|Niðer Sysylaland]] | Lower Silesian | ''dolnośląskie'' | [[Breslū]] |- !scope="row" | KP !scope="row" | [[File:POL_województwo_kujawsko-pomorskie_flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo kujawsko-pomorskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 04 | [[Cuiaf and Weonoðland Heretogscipe|Cuiaf and Weonoðland]] | Kuyavian–Pomeranian | ''kujawsko-pomorskie'' | [[Brahbeorg]]{{sup|1}}, [[Tōarn]]{{sup|2}} |- !scope="row" | LU !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo lubelskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo lubelskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 06 | [[Lūblin Heretogscipe|Lūblin]] | Lublin | ''lubelskie'' | [[Lūblin]] |- !scope="row" | LB !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo lubuskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo lubuskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 08 |[[Lebuse Heretogscipe|Lebuse]] | Lubusz | ''lubuskie'' | [[Landesbeorg æt þǣre Weorþe|Landesbeorg æt þǣre Ƿeorþe]]{{sup|1}}, [[Grēnaburh on Sysylum]]{{sup|2}} |- !scope="row" | LD !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo łódzkie 1 flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo łódzkie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 10 |[[Lūcg Heretogscipe|Lūcg]] | Łódź | ''łódzkie'' | [[Lūcg]] |- !scope="row" | MA !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo małopolskie 1 flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo małopolskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 12 |[[Lǣsse Polaland Heretogscipe|Lǣsse Polaland]] | Lesser Poland | ''małopolskie'' | [[Cracow|Cracoƿ]] |- !scope="row" | MZ !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo mazowieckie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo mazowieckie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 14 | [[Masofia Heretogscipe|Masofia]] | Masovian | ''mazowieckie'' | [[Wearsefe|Ƿearsefe]] |- !scope="row" | OP !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo opolskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo opolskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 16 |[[Uppeln Heretogscipe|Uppeln]] | Opole | ''opolskie'' | [[Uppeln]] |- !scope="row" | PK !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo podkarpackie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo podkarpackie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 18 |[[Undharfeþland Heretogscipe|Undharfeþland]] | Subcarpathian | ''podkarpackie'' | [[Resce]] |- !scope="row" | PD !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo podlaskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo podlaskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 20 |[[Podlacia Heretogscipe|Podlacia]] | Podlaskie | ''podlaskie'' | [[Byawistocc|Byaƿistocc]] |- !scope="row" | PM !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo pomorskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo pomorskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 22 | [[Weonoðland Heretogscipe|Ƿeonoðland]] | Pomeranian | ''pomorskie'' | [[Dantsic]] |- !scope="row" | SL !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo śląskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo śląskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 24 |[[Sysylaland Heretogscipe|Sysylaland]] | Silesian | ''śląskie'' | [[Cattowīc|Cattoƿīc]] |- !scope="row" | SK !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo świętokrzyskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL wojewodztwo świętokrzyskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 26 |[[Hālig Rōd Heretogscipe|Hālig Rōd]] | Holy Cross | ''świętokrzyskie'' | [[Cyltse]] |- !scope="row" | WN !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo warmińsko-mazurskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo warminsko-mazurskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 28 |[[Warmia and Masuria Heretogscipe|Ƿarmia and Masuria]] | Warmian–Masurian | ''warmińsko-mazurskie'' | [[Ællestān]] |- !scope="row" | WP !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo wielkopolskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo wielkopolskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 30 |[[Geānede Polaland Heretogscipe|Geānede Polaland]] | Greater Poland | ''wielkopolskie'' | [[Posen]] |- !scope="row" | ZP !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo zachodniopomorskie flag.svg|50x59px]] !scope="row" | [[File:POL województwo zachodniopomorskie COA.svg|50x59px]] | 32 |[[Westweonoðland Heretogscipe|Westweonoðland]] | West Pomeranian | ''zachodniopomorskie'' | [[Stettin]] |-class="sortbottom" | colspan="8" align="center" | <small>'''{{sup|1}}''' Seat of voivode. '''{{sup|2}}''' Seat of [[Voivodeship sejmik|sejmik]] and [[Voivodeship marshal|marshal]].</small> |} {{Heretogscipas Polalandes}} {{Europan rīcu be landum}} [[Flocc:Heretogscipas Polalandes| ]] [[Flocc:Rīcu on Europan þāra land|Polaland]] n26ogz1w2ykynud85zd7intamwjc6z6 0 28650 232031 2026-09-23T20:03:08Z Eaþmod Þéow 142896 Nīwe tramet: <gallery heights="200"|right> Ymele:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|[[Isaac Newton]] onfunde þa [[Newton's laws of motion|ǣ onstyrenesse]] and [[Newton's law of universal gravitation|gemǣne tungol-togennesse]]. </gallery>Fæstlīca Ƿitancræft (Nīwenglisce: Physics) is sēo tȳdrung ƿitancræft þe handlaþ mid þǣre lare antimbra, heora frymþlíca dǣla, and heora onstyrenesse þurh tīde. [[Flocc: Witancræft]] 232031 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery heights="200"|right> Ymele:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|[[Isaac Newton]] onfunde þa [[Newton's laws of motion|ǣ onstyrenesse]] and [[Newton's law of universal gravitation|gemǣne tungol-togennesse]]. </gallery>Fæstlīca Ƿitancræft (Nīwenglisce: Physics) is sēo tȳdrung ƿitancræft þe handlaþ mid þǣre lare antimbra, heora frymþlíca dǣla, and heora onstyrenesse þurh tīde. [[Flocc: Witancræft]] 0kivcklmecf0eo8g4alikx1tbcbvhau 232032 232031 2026-09-23T20:17:25Z Eaþmod Þéow 142896 232032 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|alt=[[Isaac Newton]] wæs an formǣre ūþwīta þara middangeardlīca ƿitancræfta|[[Isaac Newton]] onfunde þa [[Newton's laws of motion|ǣ onstyrenesse]] and [[Newton's law of universal gravitation|gemǣne tungol-togennesse]].]] Fæstlīca Ƿitancræft (Nīwenglisce: Physics) is sēo tȳdrung ƿitancræft þe handlaþ mid þǣre lare antimbra, heora frymþlíca dǣla, and heora onstyrenesse þurh tīde. [[Flocc: Witancræft]] 3mk10cvrsbsukjq90f6b36p3p1j2ur6 232034 232032 2026-09-23T20:23:17Z Eaþmod Þéow 142896 worht þa gemænan gemearcunge má swutol. Ǽror hit ræd þe þeos witancræft handlaþ mid antimbre and antimbres *onstyrenesse* þurh tíde, hwelc nis swiþe ongietful. 232034 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|alt=[[Isaac Newton]] wæs an formǣre ūþwīta þara middangeardlīca ƿitancræfta|[[Isaac Newton]] onfunde þa [[Newton's laws of motion|ǣ onstyrenesse]] and [[Newton's law of universal gravitation|gemǣne tungol-togennesse]].]] Fæstlīca Ƿitancræft (Nīwenglisce: Physics) is sēo tȳdrung ƿitancræft þe handlaþ mid þǣre lare antimbra, heora frymþlíca dǣla, and onstyrenesse fæstlīca bodiga þurh tīde. [[Flocc: Witancræft]] gcjg5b1jmrlkqto4x3yoxh0vmwxts2i 232035 232034 2026-09-23T20:35:57Z Eaþmod Þéow 142896 fæstlíca bodiga -> stiþa bodiga 232035 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|thumb|right|alt=[[Isaac Newton]] wæs an formǣre ūþwīta þara middangeardlīca ƿitancræfta|[[Isaac Newton]] onfunde þa [[Newton's laws of motion|ǣ onstyrenesse]] and [[Newton's law of universal gravitation|gemǣne tungol-togennesse]].]] Fæstlīca Ƿitancræft (Nīwenglisce: Physics) is sēo tȳdrung ƿitancræft þe handlaþ mid þǣre lare antimbra, heora frymþlíca dǣla, and onstyrenesse stīþa bodiga þurh tīde. [[Flocc: Witancræft]] 5e8w6wca7xmun7kgtiggrjflyompmdk 0 28651 232037 2026-09-24T04:58:03Z ~2026-51490-19 142906 Nīwe tramet: {{Cyþþubox folcstede |nama = Satagundland |flocc = [[Eardas on Finnum|Earda on Finnum]] |biliþ = Lake Yltiä.jpg |biliþ gewrit = Yltimere |rice = {{flag|Finnland}} |underrīce = }} '''Midfinnland''' ({{lang-sv|Mellersta Finland}}; {{lang-fi|Keski-Suomi}}) is [[Finnland|Finnum]] underrīce on Finnum. His heafodstol is [[Gywæsbȳ]]. {{Finnlandes eardas}} {{stycce}} [[Flocc:Midfinnland| ]] ... 232037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cyþþubox folcstede |nama = Satagundland |flocc = [[Eardas on Finnum|Earda on Finnum]] |biliþ = Lake Yltiä.jpg |biliþ gewrit = Yltimere |rice = {{flag|Finnland}} |underrīce = }} '''Midfinnland''' ({{lang-sv|Mellersta Finland}}; {{lang-fi|Keski-Suomi}}) is [[Finnland|Finnum]] underrīce on Finnum. His heafodstol is [[Gywæsbȳ]]. {{Finnlandes eardas}} {{stycce}} [[Flocc:Midfinnland| ]] [[Flocc:Eardas on Finnum|Midfinnland]] 6n29xi9q5iun4s735k2w1djwt25fjbn 232038 232037 2026-09-24T05:20:59Z Rylesbourne 125148 232038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cyþþubox folcstede |nama = Midfinnland |flocc = [[Eardas on Finnum|Earda on Finnum]] |biliþ = Kärkinen Bridge over Kärkistensalmi in Jyväskylä, Central Finland, 2021 June - 2.jpg |biliþ gewrit = Cærcinenǣss brycg |rice = {{flag|Finnland}} |underrīce = }} '''Midfinnland''' ({{lang-sv|Mellersta Finland}}; {{lang-fi|Keski-Suomi}}) is [[Finnland|Finnum]] underrīce on Finnum. His heafodstol is [[Gywæsbȳ]]. {{Finnlandes eardas}} {{stycce}} [[Flocc:Midfinnland| ]] [[Flocc:Eardas on Finnum|Midfinnland]] r282ac6k9fujfxx66r3xlcobdxko4xw