অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া aswiki https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter মাধ্যম বিশেষ বাৰ্তা সদস্য সদস্য বাৰ্তা ৱিকিপিডিয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া বাৰ্তা চিত্ৰ চিত্ৰ বাৰ্তা মিডিয়াৱিকি মিডিয়াৱিকি আলোচনা সাঁচ সাঁচ বাৰ্তা সহায় সহায় বাৰ্তা শ্ৰেণী শ্ৰেণী বাৰ্তা ৱিকিচ'ৰা ৱিকিচ'ৰা আলোচনা MOS MOS talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4730 608730 607557 2026-05-25T21:38:28Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox writer | name = চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালা | image = Portrait photo of Chandrakumar Agarwalla.jpg | imagesize = 200px | birth_date = ২৮ নৱেম্বৰ, ১৮৬৭ | birth_place = [[গহপুৰ]], [[অসম]] | death_date = ২ মাৰ্চ, ১৯৩৮ | death_place = [[গুৱাহাটী]] | occupation = কবি | nationality = [[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]] | citizenship = {{flagicon|India}} ভাৰতীয় | language = [[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]] | education = [[তেজপুৰ চৰকাৰী উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়]]<br/>[[প্ৰেচিডেন্সী কলেজ]] | spouse = | awards = }} '''চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালা''' (১৮৬৭-১৯৩৮) এজন অসমীয়া কবি আৰু লেখক। অসমীয়া সাহিত্যত ৰোমাণ্টিকতাবাদৰ সূচনা কৰা লেখকসকলৰ ভিতৰত তেখেত আছিল অন্যতম।<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&lpg=PA446&ots=uorg5T7xCM&dq=Chandra%20Kumar%20Agarwala&pg=PA446#v=onepage&q=Chandra%20Kumar%20Agarwala&f=false |title=Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Plays and prose - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.in |date= |accessdate=2013-05-17}}</ref> তেখেতক অসমীয়া ৰোমাণ্টিচিজমৰ প্ৰথম হোতা বুলি কোৱা হয়৷<ref name="ৰূপৰেখা">{{cite book | title=অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ ৰূপৰেখা | publisher=চন্দ্ৰ প্ৰকাশ | author=মহেশ্বৰ নেওগ | year=২০১৩}}</ref> জোনাকী কাকতত প্ৰথম সংখ্যাত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা 'বনকুঁৱৰী'য়েই আছিল প্ৰথম অসমীয়া ৰোমাণ্টিক কবিতা। আগৰৱালাক "প্ৰতিমাৰ খনিকৰ" বুলিও অভিহিত কৰা হয়।<ref name="enajori">{{cite web | url=http://enajori.com/trivia-2/sobriquets/ | title=Sobriquets | publisher=enajori.com | accessdate=2013-05-18 | archivedate=2013-11-09 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011923/http://enajori.com/trivia-2/sobriquets/ | deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেখেত জোনাকী আলোচনীৰ প্ৰথমজন সম্পাদক আৰু সাহিত্য সংগঠন [[অসমীয়া ভাষা উন্নতি সাধিনী সভা]]ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক সদস্য আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |author=Bipuljyoti Saikia |url=http://www.bipuljyoti.in/authors/chandrakumar.html |title=Bipuljyoti Saikia's Homepage : Authors & Poets - Chandrakumar Agarwala |publisher=Bipuljyoti.in |date=1938-03-02 |accessdate=2013-05-17 |archivedate=2013-10-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014210848/http://www.bipuljyoti.in/authors/chandrakumar.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarai.net/fellowships/independent/archival-submissions/fellowships-04-05/uddipan-dutta-the-growth-of-print-nationalism-and-assamese-identity-in-two-early-assamese-magazines/page-6 |title=The growth of print nationalism and assamese identity in two early assamese magazines |publisher=Sarai.net |date= |accessdate=2013-05-17}}</ref> 'জোনাকী' আলোচনীৰ জৰিয়তে আধুনিক অসমীয়া সাহিত্যলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা বৰঙণিৰ বাবে আগৰৱালাৰ লগত [[লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা]] আৰু [[হেমচন্দ্ৰ গোস্বামী]]ক একেলগে 'জোনাকী যুগৰ ত্ৰিমূৰ্তি' বুলি কোৱা হয়।<ref name="timesofassam1">{{cite web | url=http://www.timesofassam.com/articles/asom-sahitya-sabha-a-contemporary-analysis/ | title=Asom Sahiya Sabha, a contemporary analysis | publisher=Times of Assam | accessdate=2013-05-17 | author=Hiranya Saikia}}</ref> [[বনকুঁৱৰী]], [[তেজীমলা]], [[মাধুৰী]], [[বীণবৰাগী]], [[মহাত্মা]] আদি তেওঁৰ অনুপম কবিতা সমূহৰ অন্যতম। <ref name="শৰ্মা">{{cite web | title=অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ সমীক্ষাত্মক ইতিবৃত্ত | publisher=সৌমাৰ প্ৰকাশ | accessdate= 21 May 2026 | author=সত্যেন্দ্ৰনাথ শৰ্মা | pages=২৮৭}}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== ১৮৬৭ চনৰ ২৮ নৱেম্বৰত [[শোণিতপুৰ জিলা]]ৰ [[গহপুৰ]]ৰ [[কলংপুৰ]] মৌজাৰ [[ব্ৰহ্মজান]]ত চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালাৰ জন্ম হয়। তেখেতৰ পিতৃ [[হৰিবিলাস আগৰৱালা]] আৰু মাতৃ মলমা। [[তেজপুৰ]]তে শিক্ষাজীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰি চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰে কিছুদিন [[কলিকতা]]ৰ হিন্দু স্কুলতো পঢ়ে। [[তেজপুৰ চৰকাৰী উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়]] পৰা এণ্ট্ৰেন্স পৰীক্ষাত উত্তীৰ্ণ হৈ তেখেতে [[প্ৰেচিডেন্সী কলেজ]]ৰ পৰা এফ এ উত্তীৰ্ণ হয়। তাৰপিছত স্নাতক শ্ৰেণীত নাম লগাই যদিও শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত নকৰিলে। কলিকতাত থকাকালতে [[লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা]] আৰু [[হেমচন্দ্ৰ গোস্বামী]]ৰ লগত চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰৰ নিবিড় ঘনিষ্ঠতা হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা তে [[অসমীয়া ভাষা উন্নতি সাধিনী সভা]]ই প্ৰতিষ্ঠা লাভ কৰে। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== [[লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱা]] আৰু [[হেমচন্দ্ৰ গোস্বামী]]ৰ লগ লাগি আগৰৱালা দেৱে কলিকতাত [[অসমীয়া ভাষা উন্নতি সাধিনী সভা]] প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে আৰু লগতে জোনাকী নামৰ আলোচনী প্ৰকাশ কৰে। জোনাকী প্ৰথম দুটা সংখ্যাৰ সম্পাদনাও কৰিছিল আগৰৱালাদেৱে। তাৰ পাছত আগৰৱালা দেৱে ১৯১৮ চনত ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ পৰা "অসমীয়া" নামেৰে এখন বাতৰি কাকত প্ৰকাশ কৰে। ১৯২৪ চনত [[গুৱাহাটি|গুৱাহাটী]]ৰ খাৰঘুলিত "নিউ প্ৰেছ" স্থাপন কৰি তাৰ পৰা "সাদিনীয়া অসম" নিয়মীয়া ৰূপে প্ৰকাশ কৰি উলিয়ায়। পিছত এই কাকতখন তিনিদিনীয়াকৈয়ো প্ৰকাশ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>বৰেণ্য, নিয়মীয়া বাৰ্তা, ২১ চেপ্টেম্বৰ, ২০১২</ref> ==ৰচনা== চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালাৰ প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশিত পুথি আছিল ''[[প্ৰতিমা]]'' (১৯১৩)। ইয়াৰ পিছত দ্বিতীয়খন কবিতাপুথি ''[[বীণবৰাগী]]'' প্ৰকাশ হয় ১৯২৩ চনত। মৃত্যুৰ পাছত তেখেতৰ অপ্ৰকাশিত কবিতাসমূহক লৈ ১৯৬৭ চনত ''[[চন্দ্ৰামৃত]]'' নামৰ এখন পুথি প্ৰকাশ পায়। চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালাৰক প্ৰতিমাৰ খনিকৰ হিচাপে জনা যায়। "প্ৰতিমাখন সৰু কিন্তু নিভাজ সোণৰ"-লক্ষ্মীনাথ বেজবৰুৱাই কৈছিল। চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালাই ৰচনা কৰা "বনকুঁৱৰী" প্ৰথম অসমীয়া ৰোমাণ্টিক কবিতা। তেজীমলা, মাধুৰী, মহাত্মা আদি তেওঁৰ কবিতাসমূহৰ অন্যতম কবিতা। ==চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালাৰ কবিতা== *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%B0 নিয়ৰ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312080821/https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%B0 |date=2024-03-12 }} *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF&redlink=1# প্ৰকৃতি] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312082257/https://as.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF&redlink=1 |date=2024-03-12 }} *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE&redlink=1# প্ৰতিমা] *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%81%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80# বনকুঁৱৰী] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312084550/https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%81%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80 |date=2024-03-12 }} *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96# বিমুখ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312090657/https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%96 |date=2024-03-12 }} *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_-_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE বিশ্ব-ভাৱৰীয়া] *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80 বীণ-বৰাগী] *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80 মাধুৰী] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312081538/https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80 |date=2024-03-12 }} * [https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B1_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE# মানৱ বন্দনা] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312075723/https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%B1_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE |date=2024-03-12 }} *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE&redlink=1# সন্ধিয়া] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312085218/https://as.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE&redlink=1 |date=2024-03-12 }} ==কাব্য সংকলন (PDF)== *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80:%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE.pdf প্ৰতিমা] *[https://as.m.wikisource.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80_(Bin-Baragi).pdf বীণ-বৰাগী] ==সম্পাদনা== [[জোনাকী]]। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ''অসমীয়া'', ''তিনিদিনীয়া অসমীয়া'', ''সাদিনীয়া অসমীয়া'', ''বাঁহী'' আদি কাকতৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা তথা পৰিচালনাৰে সৈতে ওতপ্ৰোত ভাৱে জড়িত আছিল। ==মৃত্যু== ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ২ মাৰ্চত [[গুৱাহাটী]]ৰ উজানবজাৰৰ নিজা ঘৰত চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালাৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianage.com/eventdate.php/Death/2-March-1938 |title=Chandrakumar Agarwala, assamia poet, passed awa This Day In Indian History of Indian Death 2-March-1938 |publisher=IndianAge.Com |date=1938-03-02 |accessdate=2013-05-17 |archivedate=2014-02-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203163905/http://www.indianage.com/eventdate.php/Death/2-March-1938 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Wikisource author|চন্দ্ৰকুমাৰ আগৰৱালা}} {{Reflist}} {{অসমৰ প্ৰসিদ্ধ ব্যক্তি}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া কবি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ পাব্লিক ডমেইনৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত লিখক]] ja4kq23b5603fkn0krgh3nbkevhusjt 0 4983 608808 600383 2026-05-26T08:31:19Z CommonsDelinker 118 Removing [[:c:File:Mishmi_earrings.jpg|Mishmi_earrings.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Non-free image uploaded by mistake. 608808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''থুৰীয়া''' (অথবা '''থুৰিয়া''') হৈছে [[অসমীয়া]] পৰম্পৰাগত কাণত পিন্ধা এবিধ অলংকাৰ। এইবিধ অলংকাৰ অকল সোণেৰে গঢ়োৱা হয়। বাখৰ খটোৱা নহয়। থুৰীয়া পিন্ধিবলৈ কাণৰ ফুটাটো যথেষ্ট ডাঙৰ হ’ব লাগিছিল। সেইবাবে সকলোৱে ইয়াক পৰিধান কৰিব নোৱাৰিছিল। আজিকালি অৱশ্যে ইয়াক বিশেষ কৌশলেৰে গঢ়োৱা হয় যাতে সকলোৱে পিন্ধিবা পাৰে। থুৰীয়া অতীততে [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য|চুতীয়া]] ৰাজ্যত প্ৰচলিত আছিল। উজনি অসমৰ ই এক বিশিষ্ট অলংকাৰ। উজনি‌ অসমৰ বয়সীয়াল মহিলা সকলে পৰিধান কৰিছিল। এটা সময়ত এইপদ অলংকাৰৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কমি গৈছিল যদিও এতিয়া ই পৰিশীলিত ৰূপত পুনৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হ’বলৈ ধৰিছে। [[File:Thuria earrings.jpg|thumb|থুৰীয়া কাণফুলি।]] ==থুৰীয়া নামৰ উৎপত্তি== থুৰীয়া শব্দটোৰ উৎপত্তি কলি (Bud) বুজোৱা অসমীয়া শব্দ "থুৰি"ৰ পৰা হৈছে কাৰণ ইয়াৰ গঠন ফুল বা পাতৰ কলিৰ দৰে।‌ ==ইতিহাস== থুৰীয়া কাণফুলি উজনি অসমত উদ্ভাৱন হোৱা এক‌ বিশেষ কাণফুলি। কাণৰ ফুটা বহল কৰি থুৰীয়া লেখীয়া কাণফুলি পিন্ধাটো মূলত [[চীনা-তিব্বতীয় ভাষা|চীন-তিব্বতীয়]] ভাষাগোষ্ঠীৰ পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি সকলৰ সংস্কৃতি। অসমৰ বাহিৰে অৰুনাচল প্ৰদেশৰ আবৰ/আদি, [[মিচিমি জনগোষ্ঠী|মিচিমি]]‌, [[নিচি জনগোষ্ঠী|নিচি]] আৰু কিছু নগা জনগোষ্ঠীৰ মহিলাসকলেও থুৰীয়া লেখীয়া একেই ধৰণৰ কাণফুলি পিন্ধা দেখা যায়। ম্যানমাৰ আৰু চীন দেশৰ চীন-তিব্বতীয় পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি সমূহৰ মাজতো একেই ধৰণৰ কাণফুলি দেখা যায়। বৰ্তমানে উজনি অসমৰ চীন-তিব্বতীয় বড়ো-কছাৰী মূলৰ [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী|চুতীয়া]], [[দেউৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|দেউৰী]] আৰু [[মৰাণ জনগোষ্ঠী|মৰাণ]] সকলৰ মাজত বয়সীয়াল মহিলা সকলে থুৰীয়া পিন্ধা দেখা যায়। থুৰীয়া লেখীয়া কাণফুলি [[ডিমাছা জনগোষ্ঠী|ডিমাছা]] মহিলা সকলেও পিন্ধা দেখা যায়, যাক ডিমাছা ভাষাত "খমাওথাই" বুলি কোৱা হয়।<ref>[https://bododimasaarchive.org/digital-heritage/khmaothai Khmaothai Dimasa earrings]]</ref>বড়ো-কছাৰী মূলৰ [[ত্ৰিপুৰা|ত্ৰিপুৰি]] সকলেও থুৰীয়াৰ দৰে "ৱাখোম" নামৰ কাণফুলি পৰিধান কৰে।‌ সম্ভৱতঃ বড়ো-কছাৰী মূলীয় সকলৰ মিচিমি, আবৰ বা‌ নগা জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লগত থাকি হোৱা সংস্কৃতিৰ আদান প্ৰদানৰ ফলতে হয়টো থুৰীয়া কাণফুলিৰ বিকাশ ঘটিছিল। [[File:Traditional Tripuri Wakhum earrings.jpg|thumb|ত্ৰিপুৰি মহিলা সকলৰ থুৰীয়া জাতীয় ৰূপৰ‌ "ৱাখোম" কাণফুলি।]] ==আকৃতি আৰু গঠন== [[File:Deori tribal woman attire.jpg|thumb|থুৰীয়া পৰিধান কৰা দেউৰী ‌বৃদ্ধ মহিলা এগৰাকী।]] ইয়াৰ চানেকি এপাহ ফুলৰ দৰে। সমুখৰ ফুলটোৰ পিছফালে এডাল শলা থাকে, সেই শলা ডাল কাণৰ লতিৰে সুমুৱাই দি পিছপিনৰ অংশটো পেঁচ গজালৰ (স্ক্ৰু) দৰে পকাই পৰিধান কৰা হয়। থুৰীয়া বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰৰ আছে। যেনে- উকা থুৰীয়া, বাখৰুৱা থুৰীয়া, সোণৰ থুৰীয়া, বাখৰ পতা, ৰূপৰ থুৰীয়া, জাংফাই থুৰীয়া ইত্যাদি। <ref>{{cite web |url=https://dipr.assam.gov.in/ |accessdate=25-07-2025 |title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি |archivedate=2025-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502105432/https://dipr.assam.gov.in/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==তথ্যসংগ্ৰহ== *অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ কণিকা – সম্পাদনা- ড॰ পৰমানন্দ ৰাজবংশী, ড॰ নাৰায়ন দাস (পৃষ্ঠা- ১৮০) [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ অলংকাৰ]] p55b5ql7fh4ruvvv2u88tdjo5vhm9if 608812 608808 2026-05-26T08:47:26Z CommonsDelinker 118 Removing [[:c:File:Thuria_earrings.jpg|Thuria_earrings.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Non-free image uploaded by mistake. 608812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''থুৰীয়া''' (অথবা '''থুৰিয়া''') হৈছে [[অসমীয়া]] পৰম্পৰাগত কাণত পিন্ধা এবিধ অলংকাৰ। এইবিধ অলংকাৰ অকল সোণেৰে গঢ়োৱা হয়। বাখৰ খটোৱা নহয়। থুৰীয়া পিন্ধিবলৈ কাণৰ ফুটাটো যথেষ্ট ডাঙৰ হ’ব লাগিছিল। সেইবাবে সকলোৱে ইয়াক পৰিধান কৰিব নোৱাৰিছিল। আজিকালি অৱশ্যে ইয়াক বিশেষ কৌশলেৰে গঢ়োৱা হয় যাতে সকলোৱে পিন্ধিবা পাৰে। থুৰীয়া অতীততে [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য|চুতীয়া]] ৰাজ্যত প্ৰচলিত আছিল। উজনি অসমৰ ই এক বিশিষ্ট অলংকাৰ। উজনি‌ অসমৰ বয়সীয়াল মহিলা সকলে পৰিধান কৰিছিল। এটা সময়ত এইপদ অলংকাৰৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কমি গৈছিল যদিও এতিয়া ই পৰিশীলিত ৰূপত পুনৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হ’বলৈ ধৰিছে। ==থুৰীয়া নামৰ উৎপত্তি== থুৰীয়া শব্দটোৰ উৎপত্তি কলি (Bud) বুজোৱা অসমীয়া শব্দ "থুৰি"ৰ পৰা হৈছে কাৰণ ইয়াৰ গঠন ফুল বা পাতৰ কলিৰ দৰে।‌ ==ইতিহাস== থুৰীয়া কাণফুলি উজনি অসমত উদ্ভাৱন হোৱা এক‌ বিশেষ কাণফুলি। কাণৰ ফুটা বহল কৰি থুৰীয়া লেখীয়া কাণফুলি পিন্ধাটো মূলত [[চীনা-তিব্বতীয় ভাষা|চীন-তিব্বতীয়]] ভাষাগোষ্ঠীৰ পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি সকলৰ সংস্কৃতি। অসমৰ বাহিৰে অৰুনাচল প্ৰদেশৰ আবৰ/আদি, [[মিচিমি জনগোষ্ঠী|মিচিমি]]‌, [[নিচি জনগোষ্ঠী|নিচি]] আৰু কিছু নগা জনগোষ্ঠীৰ মহিলাসকলেও থুৰীয়া লেখীয়া একেই ধৰণৰ কাণফুলি পিন্ধা দেখা যায়। ম্যানমাৰ আৰু চীন দেশৰ চীন-তিব্বতীয় পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি সমূহৰ মাজতো একেই ধৰণৰ কাণফুলি দেখা যায়। বৰ্তমানে উজনি অসমৰ চীন-তিব্বতীয় বড়ো-কছাৰী মূলৰ [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী|চুতীয়া]], [[দেউৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|দেউৰী]] আৰু [[মৰাণ জনগোষ্ঠী|মৰাণ]] সকলৰ মাজত বয়সীয়াল মহিলা সকলে থুৰীয়া পিন্ধা দেখা যায়। থুৰীয়া লেখীয়া কাণফুলি [[ডিমাছা জনগোষ্ঠী|ডিমাছা]] মহিলা সকলেও পিন্ধা দেখা যায়, যাক ডিমাছা ভাষাত "খমাওথাই" বুলি কোৱা হয়।<ref>[https://bododimasaarchive.org/digital-heritage/khmaothai Khmaothai Dimasa earrings]]</ref>বড়ো-কছাৰী মূলৰ [[ত্ৰিপুৰা|ত্ৰিপুৰি]] সকলেও থুৰীয়াৰ দৰে "ৱাখোম" নামৰ কাণফুলি পৰিধান কৰে।‌ সম্ভৱতঃ বড়ো-কছাৰী মূলীয় সকলৰ মিচিমি, আবৰ বা‌ নগা জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লগত থাকি হোৱা সংস্কৃতিৰ আদান প্ৰদানৰ ফলতে হয়টো থুৰীয়া কাণফুলিৰ বিকাশ ঘটিছিল। [[File:Traditional Tripuri Wakhum earrings.jpg|thumb|ত্ৰিপুৰি মহিলা সকলৰ থুৰীয়া জাতীয় ৰূপৰ‌ "ৱাখোম" কাণফুলি।]] ==আকৃতি আৰু গঠন== [[File:Deori tribal woman attire.jpg|thumb|থুৰীয়া পৰিধান কৰা দেউৰী ‌বৃদ্ধ মহিলা এগৰাকী।]] ইয়াৰ চানেকি এপাহ ফুলৰ দৰে। সমুখৰ ফুলটোৰ পিছফালে এডাল শলা থাকে, সেই শলা ডাল কাণৰ লতিৰে সুমুৱাই দি পিছপিনৰ অংশটো পেঁচ গজালৰ (স্ক্ৰু) দৰে পকাই পৰিধান কৰা হয়। থুৰীয়া বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰৰ আছে। যেনে- উকা থুৰীয়া, বাখৰুৱা থুৰীয়া, সোণৰ থুৰীয়া, বাখৰ পতা, ৰূপৰ থুৰীয়া, জাংফাই থুৰীয়া ইত্যাদি। <ref>{{cite web |url=https://dipr.assam.gov.in/ |accessdate=25-07-2025 |title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি |archivedate=2025-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502105432/https://dipr.assam.gov.in/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==তথ্যসংগ্ৰহ== *অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ কণিকা – সম্পাদনা- ড॰ পৰমানন্দ ৰাজবংশী, ড॰ নাৰায়ন দাস (পৃষ্ঠা- ১৮০) [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ অলংকাৰ]] ca5pxbg5o9wlhkun1nyw328jbirdqxd 10 17043 608636 424054 2026-05-25T15:03:39Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name =অসমৰ বাতৰি কাকত আৰু আলোচনী |title = [[অসম|অসমৰ]] [[অসমৰ বাতৰি কাকত আৰু আলোচনীৰ তালিকা|বাতৰি কাকত আৰু 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বৰ্ণালী]], |group3 = শিশু আলোচনী |list3 = * [[মৌচাক (আলোচনী)|মৌচাক]], * [[সঁফুৰা (শিশু আলোচনী)|সঁফুৰা]], * [[নতুন আৱিষ্কাৰ]], * [[নতুন ৰংমেলা]], * [[টিংকল]], * [[চান্দমামা]], * [[ৰংমন (অসমীয়া কমিক্‌চ)|ৰংমন]], * [[বাৰ ওঠৰ]] }}<noinclude> [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ সাঁচ|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 6sdlycsifsovzrkj94d42w0unmrvra5 608637 608636 2026-05-25T15:10:54Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox |name =অসমৰ বাতৰি কাকত আৰু আলোচনী |title = [[অসম|অসমৰ]] [[অসমৰ বাতৰি কাকত আৰু আলোচনীৰ তালিকা|বাতৰি কাকত আৰু আলোচনীসমূহ]] |bodyclass = hlist |group1 = বাতৰি কাকত |list1 = * [[অৰুণোদই]], * [[অসম বাণী]], * [[অসমীয়া খবৰ]], * [[অসমীয়া প্ৰতিদিন]], * [[আজি (বাতৰি কাকত)|আজি]], * [[আজিৰ অসম]], * [[আমাৰ অসম]], * [[জনসাধাৰণ]], * [[জনমভূমি (সাপ্তাহিক)|জনমভূমি]], * [[দৈনন্দিন বাৰ্তা]], * [[দৈনিক অগ্ৰদূত]], * [[দৈনিক অসম]], * [[দৈনিক গণ অধিকাৰ]], * [[দৈনিক জনমভূমি]], * [[দ্যা ছেণ্টিনেল]], * [[দ্যা আছাম ট্ৰিবিউন]], * [[সাদিন]], * [[নিয়মীয়া বাৰ্তা]], * [[আমি অসমৰ জনগণ]], * [[অসম 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[[আইটন জনগোষ্ঠী|আইটন]], * [[আহোম জনগোষ্ঠী|আহোম]], * [[কলিতা জনগোষ্ঠী|কলিতা]], * [[কাৰ্বি জনগোষ্ঠী|কাৰ্বি]] (মিকিৰ), * [[কৈৱৰ্ত]], * [[কোঁচ ৰাজবংশী|কোঁচ]], * [[খামটি জনগোষ্ঠী|খামটি]], * [[খামটি জনগোষ্ঠী|খাময়াঙ]], * [[খেলমা জনগোষ্ঠী|খেলমা]], * [[গাৰো জনগোষ্ঠী|গাৰো]], * [[চলনিমাচ]], * [[অসমৰ চৰ-চাপৰিবাসী|চৰ-চাপৰিবাসী]], * [[অসমৰ চাহ জনগোষ্ঠী|চাহ জনগোষ্ঠী]], * [[চাঁওতাল জনগোষ্ঠী|চাঁওতাল]], * [[চিংফৌ জনগোষ্ঠী|চিংফৌ]], * [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী|চুতীয়া]], * [[টাংছা জনগোষ্ঠী|টাংছা]], * [[ফাকে জনগোষ্ঠী|টাইফাকে]], * [[টুৰুঙ জনগোষ্ঠী|টুৰুঙ]], * [[ডিমাছা জনগোষ্ঠী|ডিমাছা]], * [[তিৱা জনগোষ্ঠী|তিৱা]], * [[তিৱা জনগোষ্ঠী|তিৱা]] (লালুং), * [[দেউৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|দেউৰী]], * [[ধিমাল]], * [[নাথ-যোগী সম্প্ৰদায়]], * [[ফুলগুৰীয়া]], * [[বড়ো জনগোষ্ঠী|বড়ো]], * [[বড়ো-কছাৰী]], * [[ঠেঙ্গাল কছাৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|ঠেঙ্গাল কছাৰী]], * [[শৰণীয়া কছাৰী]], * [[সোণোৱাল কছাৰী]], * [[বৰ্মন (কাছাৰ)]], * [[মটক জনগোষ্ঠী|মটক]], * [[মৰাণ জনগোষ্ঠী|মৰাণ]], * [[মহিল্ল জনগোষ্ঠী|মহিল্ল]], * [[মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠী|মিচিং]], * [[মেছ জনগোষ্ঠী|মেছ]], * [[ৰাভা জনগোষ্ঠী|ৰাভা]], * [[হাজং জনগোষ্ঠী|হাজং]], * [[হোজাই জনগোষ্ঠী|হোজাই]] }}<noinclude> [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ সাঁচ|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> 26p9igunbkw35t3menrwzwkgeznysy6 0 21973 608813 607273 2026-05-26T08:47:30Z CommonsDelinker 118 Removing [[:c:File:Traditional_Rajasthani_Chandbali_earring.jpg|Traditional_Rajasthani_Chandbali_earring.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Non-free image uploaded by mistake. 608813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''কেৰু''' ({{lang-aho|𑜀𑜢𑜐𑜫}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ahom-Assamese-English Dictionary|url=https://ia801408.us.archive.org/2/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.463794/2015.463794.Ahom-assamese-english-Dictionary.pdf|access-date=13 Apr 2026|page=12}}</ref>) হৈছে [[অসমীয়া]] পৰম্পৰাগত কাণত পিন্ধা এবিধ অলংকাৰ। কেৰু অতীততে [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য|চুতীয়া]] আৰু [[আহোম]] ৰাজ্যত প্ৰচলিত আছিল। অসমৰ [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ত ই এক বিশিষ্ট অলংকাৰ।{{cn}} চানেকি অনুযায়ী কেৰুৰ নাম বেলেগ বেলেগ। যেনে: সোণৰ কেৰু, ৰূপৰ কেৰু, বাখ্ৰাম কেৰু,জাংফাই কেৰু, লং কেৰু ইত্যাদি।<ref>'অসমৰ সংস্কৃতি কোষ: ড° নাৰায়ন দাস, ড° পৰমানন্দ ৰাজবংশী'</ref> কেৰু লেখীয়া কাণফুলি [[বড়ো জনগোষ্ঠী|বড়ো]] মহিলা সকলৰ মাজতো প্ৰচলিত। বড়ো ভাষাত কেৰুৰ লেখীয়া কাণফুলিক ''ফুল-কৰি'' কোৱা হয়।<ref>[https://www.arfjournals.com/image/catalog/Journals%20Papers/IJAR/No%202%20%282022%29-special%20issue/3_Sanghamitra.pdf Chaudhary, Sanghamitra, "Understanding the Bodos through Tangible Heritage",p.31</ref> [[File:Keru earrings.jpg|thumb|পাৰম্পৰিক কেৰু কাণফুলি।]] ==ইতিহাস== ===চুতীয়া যুগ=== বুৰঞ্জীত কেৰু কাণফুলিৰ প্ৰথম উল্লেখ [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য|চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ]] ক্ষেত্ৰত পোৱা যায়। সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জীৰ অনুসৰি [[নীতিপাল]] ৰজাই আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙৰ লগত সন্ধি কৰিবলৈ আন বস্তুৰ লগতে সোণৰ কেৰু উপহাৰ কৰিছিল<ref>Satsari Buranji, p. 58</ref>। একেই কথাৰ উল্লেখ ''আহোম বুৰঞ্জী'' (GC Barua) গ্ৰন্থ খনৰ পৰা অসমীয়া লৈ অনুবাদ কৰা ''দেওধাই বুৰঞ্জী''<ref>Deodhai Buranji,"ৰজাদেৱলৈ সন্দেশ দি আহিছিল: সোণৰ কেৰু ১ যোৰ, সোনোৱালী কাপোৰ ১ জোৰ, নৰা কাপোৰ এখান।"</ref> আৰু ''পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জী''<ref>Purani Assam Buranji, p.40</ref> গ্ৰন্থ কেইখনতো উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। টাই ভাষাৰ ''আহোম বুৰঞ্জী''(GC Barua) গ্ৰন্থ খনত চুতীয়া ৰজাই দিয়া সোণৰ কেৰুৰ বাবে ''টং-ৰু-খাম''(অৰ্থ ধাতু-কাণ-সোণ) শব্দ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title="poi tî thau-möng Nang-sung tong-rû-khang-kham kû 1<br> thaomuŋ-naŋceŋgoloi sôNor keru 1 yôr, nora-kapôr 1 khan;" |url=http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf |access-date=2020-08-23 |archivedate=2020-07-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728195005/http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> থাই ভাষাত কাণফুলিক একে‌ ধৰণে টং-হু (ต่างหู) কোৱা হয়।<ref>[http://thai-language.com/id/202034 thai-language.com "ต่างหู" definition is "earring"]</ref> [[File:Deori tribal woman attire.jpg|thumb|কেৰুৰ লগতে থুৰিয়া পৰিধান কৰা দেউৰী ‌বৃদ্ধ মহিলা এগৰাকী।]] ===আহোম যুগ=== ইয়াৰ পাছৰ পৰ্যায়ত আহোম ৰজা সকলৰ বিষয়ে থকা বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ বহুতো খণ্ডত কেৰুৰ উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়।‌ বুৰঞ্জীসমূহত আহোম ছাওফা সকলে বিভিন্ন সময়ত সোণৰ কেৰু দান কৰা উল্লেখ আছে। ছাওফা [[চুহিত্পংফা]]ই [[লাকনি]] ৰুং-চাও ({{CE|১৭৮৪}}ত) ফুৰালুং ধৰ্মৰ পণ্ডিতসকলক সোণৰ কেৰু দান কৰিছিল।<ref>"...goldear-rings (Kerus), bangles, Kunbin and Kunkhā to the Deodhai, Mohan, and Bailung Pandits...."{{cite book|last=Barua|first=Golap Chandra|title=Ahom-buranji (with Parallel English Translation) from the Earliest Time to the End of Ahom Rule|publisher=Printed at the Baptist mission Press|date=1930|url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Ahom_buranji_with_Parallel_English_Trans.html?id=TewrkC1yCD0C|access-date=9 Apr 2026|page=340}}</ref> চাওফা [[চুচেংফা]]ই লাকনি কামাও ({{CE|১৮০৪}}ত) নিজ পুত্ৰ চাৰিং ৰজাৰ মৃত্যু পাছত ফুৰালুং ধৰ্মীয় দেওধাই পণ্ডিত সকলক সোণ, মাটি সম্পত্তি আৰু কেৰু দান কৰিছিল।<ref>"...The Ahom Pandits (Deodhai Pandits) were given ear-rings, lands, and gold...."{{cite book|last=Barua|first=Golap Chandra|title=Ahom-buranji (with Parallel English Translation) from the Earliest Time to the End of Ahom Rule|publisher=Printed at the Baptist mission Press|date=1930|url=https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Ahom_buranji_with_Parallel_English_Trans.html?id=TewrkC1yCD0C|access-date=9 Apr 2026|page=}}</ref> == আকৃতি আৰু গঠন == [[File:Bodo woman wearing Fulkori earring.jpg|thumb|বড়ো মহিলাই পৰিধান কৰা কেৰু লেখীয়া ফুলকৰি কাণফুলি।<ref>[https://www.storiesbysoumya.com/women-of-bodo-tribe/ Women of Bodo tribe]</ref>]] কেৰু দেখিবলৈ অৰ্ধ চন্দ্ৰ আকৃতিৰ। ইয়াৰ তলৰ ফালে সৰু বেল-বুটামজাতীয় অলংকাৰ থাকে যিয়ে কাণত পিন্ধাৰ সময়ত সৌন্দৰ্য্য বৃদ্ধিৰ উপৰিও এটা মৃদু ধ্বনি উৎপন্ন কৰে। কেৰু সাধাৰণতে খাটি সোণৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয় যদিও কিছু অঞ্চলত ৰূপ বা মিশ্ৰ ধাতু ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিও কেইবিধ কেৰু বানোৱা দেখা যায়। <ref>দেৱব্ৰত শৰ্মা. ''অসমীয়া জাতি আৰু সংস্কৃতি'', গৌৰব প্ৰকাশন, ২০১১</ref> == অঞ্চল অনুসৰি প্ৰচলন == কেৰুৰ প্ৰচলন মূলত উজনি অসম আৰু নামনিৰ বৰপেটা, [[নলবাৰী]], [[কামৰূপ]], আৰু [[গোৱালপাৰা]] আদি অঞ্চলত [[ব্ৰত]], বিয়াৰ অনুষ্ঠান, [[বিহু]] আদি উৎসৱ উপলক্ষে পৰিধান কৰা দেখা যায়। কেইবাজনো পৰম্পৰাগত মণিহাৰী শিল্পীৰ মতে, কেৰু এটা যুগৰ পৰা যুগলৈ পৰিয়ালৰ সদস্যৰ মাজত হস্তান্তৰিত হৈ আহিছে।<ref>Assam State Portal. ''Culture of Assam''. Govt. of Assam. [https://www.scribd.com/document/787133452/Culture-of-Assam-Assam-State-Portal]</ref> == সাংস্কৃতিক গুৰুত্ব == কেৰু কেৱল অলংকাৰ নহয়, ই অসমীয়া পৰম্পৰা আৰু মহিলা সৌন্দৰ্য্যৰ এক অপৰিহাৰ্য অংশ। কেৰুৰ নান্দনিকতা আৰু ঐতিহাসিক প্ৰসঙ্গই ইয়াক অসমীয়া সমাজত এক সাংস্কৃতিক প্ৰতীক হিচাপে পৰিগণিত কৰে। বহুত পৰিয়ালত ই ঠাকুৰমাৰ পৰা নাতিনীৰলৈ উপহাৰ হিচাপে দিয়া হয়, যি পৰম্পৰা ধাৰণাৰ এক অংশ হিচাপে বিবেচিত। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references/> ==উৎস প্ৰসংগ== * {{cite book|last=Agnihotri|first=Shailendra Kumar|title=Phakials & Other Minor Thai Communities of Assam|publisher=S. Kumar and Associates|date=1994|isbn=978-81-900376-3-1|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=QhJuAAAAMAAJ|access-date=9 Apr 2026}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ অলংকাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ সংস্কৃতি]] 3lcpvvjpuzktrb8gwhdy6nkqjm984vx 4 22829 608846 603616 2026-05-26T11:16:33Z হানিফ আলী 19725 +- 608846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rule}} {{rule}} <div style="font-family:serif; margin-top:20px; margin-bottom:20px; "> <div style="text-align: center; font-size:300%; ">'''ৱিকিপত্ৰিকা'''</div> <div style="text-align: center; font-size:150%; ">অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ দাপোণ</div> <div style="font-family:sans-serif; text-align: center; ">{{Plain now}}<br/>[[/{{#invoke:ConvertDigit|main|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}CURRENTMONTHNAME}}}}-{{#invoke:ConvertDigit|main|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}CURRENTYEAR}}}}|'''এই মাহৰ সংখ্যা''']]</div> </div> {{rule}} {{rule}} <div style="padding-top:10px; padding-left:40px; padding-right:40px; padding-bottom:10px; "> এই আলোচনীৰ মূল উদ্দেশ্য হৈছে অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু ৰাইজৰ মাজত সজাগতা বৃদ্ধি কৰা। এই পত্ৰিকাখন ফেচবুকৰ গোটত হোৱা আলোচনা অনুসৰি ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ প্ৰচাৰৰ বাবে লোৱা পদক্ষেপসমূহৰ এটা। অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ এইখন মাহেকীয়া প্ৰতিবেদন হিচাপে চলাই নিবলৈ সক্ৰিয় ৱিকিপিডিয়ানসকলক বিনম্ৰ অনুৰোধ জনাইছোঁ। এই পৃষ্ঠাৰ উন্নতিৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজনীয় দিহা পৰামৰ্শ [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|আলোচনা পৃষ্ঠাত]] দিও আপুনি এই কাৰ্যত সহায় কৰিব পাৰে। এই পত্ৰিকাত সন্নিবিষ্ট বিষয়সমূহ হ’ব অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ বিগত মাহৰ ভাল কামসমূহ, সন্মিলন, কৰ্মশালা, যিকোনো মিডিয়াত প্ৰকাশিত অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া সম্পৰ্কীয় প্ৰকাশিত বা-বাতৰি, সক্ৰিয় সদস্যসকলৰ তালিকা, উল্লেখযোগ্য বঁটা প্ৰাপ্ত সদস্যসকল, শেহতীয়াভাৱে লিখা একোটা ভাল প্ৰবন্ধ আদি। এই পৃষ্ঠাৰ পৰা পুনৰ বাৰ্ষিকভাৱে প্ৰকাশিত [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপত্ৰিকা|ৱিকিপত্ৰিকা]]লৈ শ্ৰেষ্ঠতম সমলবোৰ বাচি উলিয়াই প্ৰকাশ কৰা হ'ব। ৱিকিপত্ৰিকাৰ শেহতীয়া কিছু শিতানৰ ভিতৰত আছে সদ্যপ্ৰয়াত ব্যক্তি, উল্লেখনীয় ৱিকিমিডিয়ান আৰু নিৰ্বাচিত উদ্ধৃতি। {{About Wikipedia}} ৱিকিপত্ৰিকাৰ পৰৱৰ্তী প্ৰকাশনৰ বাবে আপোনাৰো সহায়ৰ প্ৰয়োজন। অনুগ্ৰহ কৰি ইয়াত যোগদান কৰি ইয়াক সাফল্যমণ্ডিত কৰি তোলক। ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ লগত জড়িত হ'বৰ বাবে [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:পৰিচয়|ৱিকিপিডিয়া পৰিচিতি]] পৃষ্ঠাটো আপোনাৰ উপযোগীকৈ বনোৱা হৈছে, প্ৰয়োজন সাপেক্ষে আপুনি চকু ফুৰাব বুলি আশা কৰা হ'ল। ; প্ৰকাশিত ৱিকিপত্ৰিকাসমূহ * '''২০১২''': [[/ছেপ্তেম্বৰ-২০১২|ছেপ্তেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০১২|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০১২|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০১৩''': [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০১৩|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০১৩|আগষ্ট]] * '''২০১৪''': [[/মাৰ্চ-২০১৪|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০১৪|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০১৪|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০১৪|নৱেম্বৰ]] * '''২০১৫''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০১৫|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০১৫|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০১৫|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০১৫|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে'-২০১৫|মে']], [[/জুন-২০১৫|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০১৫|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০১৫|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০১৫|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০১৫|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০১৫|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০১৫|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০১৬''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০১৬|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০১৬|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০১৬|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০১৬|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০১৬|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০১৬|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০১৭''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০১৭|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০১৭|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মে'-২০১৭|মে']], [[/আগষ্ট-২০১৭|আগষ্ট]] * '''২০১৯''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০১৯|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০১৯|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০১৯|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০১৯|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে’-২০১৯|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০১৯|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০১৯|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০১৯|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০১৯|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০১৯|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০১৯|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০১৯|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০২০''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০২০|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০২০|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০২০|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০২০|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে’-২০২০|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০২০|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০২০|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০২০|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০২০|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০২০|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০২০|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০২০|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০২১''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০২১|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০২১|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০২১|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০২১|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে’-২০২১|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০২১|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০২১|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০২১|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০২১|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০২১|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০২১|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০২১|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০২২''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০২২|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০২২|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০২২|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০২২|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে’-২০২২|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০২২|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০২২|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০২২|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০২২|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০২২|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০২২|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০২২|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০২৩''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০২৩|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০২৩|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০২৩|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০২৩|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে'-২০২৩|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০২৩|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০২৩|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০২৩|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০২৩|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০২৩|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০২৩|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০২৩|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০২৪''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০২৪|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০২৪|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০২৪|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০২৪|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে’-২০২৪|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০২৪|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০২৪|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০২৪|আগষ্ট]],[[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০২৪|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০২৪|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০২৪|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০২৪|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০২৫''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০২৫|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০২৫|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০২৫|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০২৫|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে’-২০২৫|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০২৫|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০২৫|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০২৫|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০২৫|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০২৫|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০২৫|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০২৫|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০২৬''': [[/জানুৱাৰি-২০২৬|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০২৬|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০২৬|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০২৬|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে’-২০২৬|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০২৬|জুন]]<!--, [[/জুলাই-২০২৬|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০২৬|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০২৬|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০২৬|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০২৬|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০২৬|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০২৬''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০২৬|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০২৬|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০২৬|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০২৬|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে’-২০২৬|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০২৬|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০২৬|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০২৬|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০২৬|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০২৬|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০২৬|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০২৬|ডিচেম্বৰ]] * '''২০২৭''': [[/জানুৱাৰী-২০২৭|জানুৱাৰী]], [[/ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী-২০২৭|ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]], [[/মাৰ্চ-২০২৭|মাৰ্চ]], [[/এপ্ৰিল-২০২৭|এপ্ৰিল]], [[/মে’-২০২৭|মে’]], [[/জুন-২০২৭|জুন]], [[/জুলাই-২০২৭|জুলাই]], [[/আগষ্ট-২০২৭|আগষ্ট]], [[/ছেপ্টেম্বৰ-২০২৭|ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]], [[/অক্টোবৰ-২০২৭|অক্টোবৰ]], [[/নৱেম্বৰ-২০২৭|নৱেম্বৰ]], [[/ডিচেম্বৰ-২০২৭|ডিচেম্বৰ]] --> </div> {{-}} {{rule}} {{rule}} <div style="font-family:sans-serif; text-align: center; ">ৱিকিপত্ৰিকাৰ বিষয়ে আপোনাৰ মন্তব্য [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া বাৰ্তা:প্ৰচাৰপত্ৰিকা|ইয়াত]] লিখক</div> {{rule}} {{rule}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকিপিডিয়া প্ৰচাৰপত্ৰিকা]] dp1mvw5n6oza1qr4k67ch989fk1rkw1 0 25450 608747 522057 2026-05-26T06:11:40Z ҆ 50036 logo 608747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}}{{Infobox website | name = জিমেইল | logo = Gmail icon (2026).svg | logo_size = 120px | url = {{URL|mail.google.com}} | commercial = হয় | type = [[ই-মেইল]] সেৱা | registration = প্ৰয়োজনীয় | language = ১০৫ টা | owner = [[গুগল]] | author = [[পল বুচেইট]] | launch_date = ১ এপ্ৰিল, ২০০৪ | num_users = ১.৪ বিলিয়ন (এপ্ৰিল ২০১৮)<ref name="users">{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Craig |title=18 Amazing Gmail Facts and Statistics |url=https://expandedramblings.com/index.php/gmail-statistics/ |website=expandedramblings.com |publisher=DMR |access-date=October 27, 2018 |date=April 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914025820/https://expandedramblings.com/index.php/gmail-statistics/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Swearingen |first1=Jake |title=Gmail Gets a Major Face-lift and Productivity Boost, Starting Today |url=http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/04/how-to-turn-on-google-gmail-redesign-and-new-features.html |access-date=October 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027190058/http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/04/how-to-turn-on-google-gmail-redesign-and-new-features.html |archive-date=October 27, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref> | current_status = সক্ৰিয় | footnotes = }} '''জিমেইল''' ({{Lang-en|Gmail}}) হৈছে [[গুগল]]ৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত এটা বিনামূলীয়া, [[বিজ্ঞাপন]] সমৰ্থিত [[ই-মেইল]] সেৱা।<ref>{{cite book|last=Teeter|first=Ryan|title=Google Apps For Dummies|isbn=1-118-05240-4|page=364|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=5TUv9jCaJdwC&pg=SA3-PA27&dq=Gmail+free+advertising+supported&hl=en&ei=FyKWTsHIJan00gHpl8mmBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CEUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gmail%20free%20advertising%20supported&f=false|coauthors=Karl Barksdale|pages=3–27}}</ref> ইয়াক ১ এপ্ৰিল,২০০৪ত মুকলি কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Gets the Message, Launches Gmail |date=April 1, 2004 |publisher=[[Google]] |url = http://www.google.com/press/pressrel/gmail.html |accessdate=April 21, 2010}}</ref> কিন্তু ৭ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী,২০০৭তহে ইয়াক ৰাজহুৱা ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে মুকলি কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref name="goog001">{{cite web |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/07/google-apps-is-out-of-beta-yes-really.html |title=Google Apps is out of beta (yes, really) |accessdate=2010-06-19 |publisher=Google |work=Official Google Blog |author=Matthew Glotzbach, Director, Product Management, Google Enterprise |year=2009 |month=July}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনৰ জুলাইৰ পৰিসংখ্যা অনুসৰি বিশ্বজুৰি জিমেইলৰ ১২০ কোটি সক্ৰিয় ব্যৱহাৰকাৰী আছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/02/01/gmail-now-has-more-than-1b-monthly-active-users/|title=Gmail Now Has More Than 1B Monthly Active Users – TechCrunch|website=techcrunch.com|accessdate=April 23, 2018}}</ref> এণ্ড্ৰইড সঁজুলিৰ [[গুগল প্লে']] ষ্ট'ৰত ১০০ কোটি ইন্‌ষ্টল হোৱা প্ৰথম এপ্‌ হিচাপেও ই পৰিগণিত হৈছে। ==জিমেইল ম'বাইল== জিমেইল ম'বাইল হৈছে জিমেইলৰ সেৱাৰ এটা অংশ। এইটো এটা বিনামূলীয়া সেৱা, যাৰ সহায়ত জিমেইলৰ সেৱা যিকোনো [[ম'বাইল ফোন]]ৰ পৰা সুবিধা ল'ব পৰা যায়। ব্যৱহাৰকৰ্তা জনে ইয়াৰ সহায়তে মেইল লিখিব, পঢ়িব, উত্তৰ দিব, forward, mark unread, add a star, custom labels যোগ or trash কৰিব পাৰে। . জিমেইল ম'বাইলৰ সুবিধা গ্ৰহণ কৰিবৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰকৰ্তা জনৰ জিমেইল একাউণ্ট তথা ম'বাইলত নিম্নোলিখিত সুবিধাসূহ থকা প্ৰয়োজনীয়: *ইয়াত [[ইণ্টাৰনেট]] কানেকচন আৰু WAP সক্ৰিয় [[ৱেব ব্ৰাউজাৰ]] থাকিব লাগিব। *ইয়াত কুকিজ সক্ৰিয় হৈ থাকিব লাগিব। জিমেইল ম'বাইল ১৬ ডিচেম্বৰ,২০০৫ তাৰিখে মুকলি কৰা হৈছিল। বৰ্তমান ই ৪০ টাৰো তাতোধিক ভাষাত সুবিধা প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://googlemobile.blogspot.com/2010/12/and-bonjour-to-better-mobile-web-gmail.html |title=你好, नमस्ते and bonjour to better mobile web Gmail |work=Google Mobile Blog |date=13 December 2010}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons|Gmail|জিমেইল}} *{{official website|https://mail.google.com}} *[http://m.gmail.com Gmail mobile] *{{blogger|gmailblog|Gmail}} *{{google+|103345707817934461425|Gmail}} *{{twitter|gmail|Gmail}} {{Google Inc.}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱেবছাইট‎]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গুগল]] sv83rww33ceojrmm156zct5jjz3teak 0 26832 608745 608230 2026-05-26T05:10:26Z Ananya Taye 28065 /* চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন */ Added content 608745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = সধয়া/স্বধয়া |conventional_long_name = চুতীয়া সাম্ৰাজ্য |common_name= স্বধয়া, সধয়া |year_start = ১১৮৭ |date_start = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event_end = |year_end = ১৫২৪ |date_end = ৭ বহাগ |p1 = কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য |flag_p1 = Copper Plate Seal of Kamarupa Kings.jpg |s1 = আহোম ৰাজ্য |flag_s1 = |image_flag = |flag_type = |image_map = Chutia kingdom Map.png |image_map_caption = চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ মানচিত্ৰ | image_coat = Chutia royal Insignia.png | coat_alt = ৰাজকীয় প্ৰতীক |capital = [[শদিয়া|সধয়াপুৰ/স্বধয়াপুৰ]] |common_languages = চুতীয়া ভাষা (ৰাজকীয়)</br>[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]] (ৰাজ্যিক) |religion = জনজাতীয় তান্ত্ৰিক (ৰাজকীয় আৰু প্ৰজা)</br> হিন্দু (একাংশ প্ৰজা) |government_type = ৰাজতন্ত্ৰ |leader1 = বীৰপাল/গয়াপাল |year_leader1 = ১১৮৭-১২২০ |leader2 = [[ৰত্নধ্বজপাল]]/গৌৰী নাৰায়ণ |year_leader2 = ১২৩০-১২৬০ |leader3 = ধৰ্মধ্বজপাল/[[ধীৰনাৰায়ণ]] |year_leader3 = ১৫২০-১৫২২ |leader4 = নীতিপাল/চন্দ্ৰ নাৰায়ণ(অন্তিম) |year_leader4 = ১৫২২-১৫২৪ |title_leader = সধেয়াধিপতি (নাৰায়ণ/পাল) |legislature = |today = [[অসম]], [[অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ]], [[ভাৰত]] |}} '''চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য''' ({{lang-en|Sutiya kingdom}}) আছিল ত্ৰয়োদশ শতিকাত [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ]]ৰ উত্তৰ পাৰে দিকাৰাই নদী<ref>Acharya,N.N.,"The history of Medieval Assam",p.232</ref><ref>William Robinson, "A descriptive account of Assam",p.323.</ref><ref>Dutta, Sristidhar, "The Mataks and their kingdom,p.28</ref> আৰু দক্ষিণ পাৰে [[দিচাং নদী]]ৰ মাজত গঠন হোৱা এক বিশাল সাম্ৰাজ্য<ref name="চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য">{{cite web | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MdjO3XVk0MAC&pg=PA84&dq=chutia+kingdom+disang&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKlpXszLqUAxWgUGwGHemuBhUQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=chutia%20kingdom%20disang&f=false Pathak, Guptajit, Assam's History and it's Graphics, p.84}}</ref>। এই ৰাজ্য বৰ্তমানৰ [[অসম]]ৰ [[ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলা|ডিব্ৰুগড়]], [[লখিমপুৰ জিলা|লখিমপুৰ]], [[ধেমাজি জিলা|ধেমাজি]], [[তিনিচুকীয়া জিলা|তিনিচুকীয়া]], [[বিশ্বনাথ জিলা|বিশ্বনাথ]], [[মাজুলী জিলা|মাজুলী]] জিলাকে ধৰি‌ [[শিৱসাগৰ জিলা]]ৰ এটা অংশ আৰু [[অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ]]ৰ ভৈয়াম আৰু দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত বিয়পি আছিল। ইতিহাসবিদ সকলৰ মতে উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ মধ্যযুগৰ সকলো ৰাজ্যৰ ভিতৰত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যখনে আটাইতকৈ উন্নত আৰু প্ৰগতিশীল ৰাজ্য আছিল।<ref>Guha, Amalendu (December 1983), "The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)", p.5, "The period from the 13th to the 16th century saw the emergence and development of a large number of tribal political formations in north-east India. The Chutiya, the Tai-Ahom, the Koch, the Dimasa (Kachari), the Tripuri, the Meithei (Manipuri), the Khasi (Khyriem) and the Pamar (Jaintia)—all these tribes crystallised into rudimentary state formations by the 15th century. The most developed of the tribes in the 15th century were the Chutiyas."</ref> ১১৮৭ চনত বীৰপালে শদিয়াক ৰাজধানী পাতি উত্তৰ-পূব অসম আৰু অৰুণাচলৰ কিছু অঞ্চল লয় চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য স্থাপন কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ গৌৰী নাৰায়ণে সকলো চুতীয়াক একত্ৰিত কৰি এখন বৃহৎ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল। উজনি অসমৰ শিৱসাগৰ(দক্ষিণ পাৰ) আৰু বিশ্বনাথ(উত্তৰ পাৰ) জিলাৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি পূব দিশত অৰুণাচলৰ পাহাৰৰ লৈকে এসময়ত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত প্ৰায় সোতৰজন ৰজাই এই সাম্ৰাজ্য চলাইছিল। [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য]] ধ্বংস হোৱাৰ লগে লগে অসমৰ উত্তৰ-পূবত চুতীয়াসকল, পশ্চিম দিশে বাৰভূঞা আৰু কমতা ৰাজ্য ক্ষমতালৈ আহিছিল<ref name="চুতীয়া ৰজা">{{cite web | url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaChutiyas.htm | title=চুতীয়া ৰজা | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref>। ১৪ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালে চুতীয়া ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণে কামৰূপ আক্ৰমণ কৰা মুচলমান সকলক (সম্ভৱতঃ ১৩৮৯ত কামৰূপ দখল কৰা ঘিয়াছুদ্দিন শাহ) পৰাস্ত কৰি [[কমতা ৰাজ্য|কমতাপুৰত]] ৰজা হৈছিল আৰু কামৰূপ ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ পাছত পোণপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে [[শদিয়া]]ৰ পৰা [[বংগ|উত্তৰ বংগ]]ৰ [[কৰতোৱা নদী|কৰতয়া]] নৈ লৈকে এখন বৃহৎ [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য|বৰ-কামৰূপ]] ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> অসমৰ স্থানীয় জনজাতিসকলৰ মাজত চুতীয়াসকল অন্যতম। চুতীয়া সকল কছাৰী গোষ্ঠীৰ লোক আছিল আৰু এটা সময়ত তিব্বত-বাৰ্মীজ ভাষা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজকীয় তথা ধৰ্মীয় ভাষা বৰ্তমানৰ [[দেউৰী ভাষা]]। বৃটিছৰ দিনত এই ভাষাক ''দেউৰী-চুতীয়া'' ভাষা বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। সাম্প্ৰতিক কালত, চুতীয়াসকলে [[অসমীয়া ভাষা]] ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।‌ ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অঞ্চল সমূহ== ===ৰাজধানী অঞ্চল=== [[File:Brick with king Pratyakshnarayan's name.jpg|thumb|ভীষ্মক নগৰ আৰু শদিয়াৰ পদুম পুখুৰীত উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা নৃপতি শ্ৰী শ্ৰী প্ৰত্যক্ষ নাৰায়ৰণ নাম খোদিত থকা ইটা। এই ৰজা জনৰ নাম ঘিলামৰাত উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা সধয়াধিপতি সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ ফলিতো উল্লেখ কৰা আছে।]] চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰ আৰু ৰাজধানী আছিল শদিয়া বা সধয়াপুৰ। চুতীয়া ৰজা সকলে নিজকে সধয়াপুৰেশ্বৰ বা সধয়াধিপতি বুলি চিনাকি দিছিল। <ref>Shin, Jae-eun, Descending from Demons, Ascending to Kshatriyas, p.5.</ref> শদিয়াৰ কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন সমূহতো চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ নাম খোদিত আছে। এতিয়ালৈকে শদিয়া অঞ্চলত চুতীয়া যুগৰ তিনিখন নগৰ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে: ভৈয়ামৰ বৰ-নগৰ আৰু দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰ ৰূক্মীনী নগৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ বুৰঞ্জীৰ চন্দনগিৰি) আৰু ভীষ্মক নগৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ বুৰঞ্জীৰ থাঙগিৰি)। তাৰেই ভীষ্মক নগৰ আৰু ৰুক্মিণী নগৰৰ ইটাত চুতীয়া ৰজা লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণ আৰু প্ৰত্যক্ষ নাৰায়ণৰ নাম খোদিত আছে<ref>Neog, Maheswar, Lights on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh, p.814</ref>। তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী শালৰ ইটাৰ দেৱালখন চুতীয়া ৰজা মুক্ত-ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণে নিৰ্মাণ কৰাইছিল <ref>A Sircar, D.C, Journal of Ancient Indian History, p. 21</ref>। ===উত্তৰ কূলৰ অঞ্চল=== ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰৰ সীমাৰ কথা বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত পোনপটীয়াকৈ উল্লেখ পোৱা নাযায়। তথাপিটো ঐতিহাসিক তথ্যৰ অনুসৰি ইতিহাসবিদ সকলে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য ভৰালী বা দিকৰাই নৈ লৈকে বিস্তৃত আছিল বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>Acharya,N.N.,"The history of Medieval Assam",p.232</ref><ref>William Robinson, "A descriptive account of Assam",p.323.</ref><ref>Dutta, Sristidhar, "The Mataks and their kingdom,p.28</ref> বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত উল্লেখ কৰা আছে যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে ভৰালী‌ নৈ পাৰ হৈ ৰাউতা-তেমনীৰ (আজিৰ দিনৰ দৰং-নগাঁৱৰ অঞ্চল) ভূঞা সকলক বস কৰিছিল<ref>According to ''Purani Assam Buranji'', p.27. the twelve Bara Bhuyans of Rowta-Temani (mid-Assam, on either banks of the Brahmaputra) namely Utai, Tamai, Rai, Sakai, Kausika, Uzir, Laskar, Comdar, Sanatana, Keho, Rambhat and Bhakat with four sub-Bhuyans each, were transported and settled in various places of Uttara-kula (Biswanath, Lakhimpur districts). The Lacam Kalita Bhuyan family was placed at Bahbari(Lakhimpur), while one of them was settled on the river Sonari(Dhakuakhana), and another on the hills. As per ''Satsari Buranji'', p.16, Suhungmung suppressed the Baro-Bhuyans in Rowta. The people of the region were placed under the leadership of the Baro-Bhuyans and re-settled at different places of the kingdom.</ref>। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ভৰালী নদীৰ লৈকে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য বিয়পি আছিল। ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ দিনত বা‌ তাৰো পাছৰ লৈকে এই পশ্চিম সীমা কমতাপুৰৰ লৈকে পাইছিল গৈ। * লখিমপুৰ জিলা: বৰ্তমান লখিমপুৰৰ সোৱনশিৰি অঞ্চলতো চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। চুতীয়া ৰজা সকলে সোৱণশিৰিৰ দুয়োপাৰে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমিদান কৰিছিল। এই অঞ্চল পুৰণি কালত হাবুং বুলি জনা গৈছিল। শদিয়াৰ চেপাখোৱা তামৰ ফলিত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে চুতীয়া ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ আদেশত ১৪২৮ চনত হাবুঙাধিপতি বৃহৎ পাত্ৰয়েই ব্ৰাক্ষ্মণক ভূমিদান কৰিছিল<ref>Neog, Maheswar, Lights on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh, p.818.</ref><ref>Guha, Amalendu, Pre-Ahom Roots and the Medieval State in Assam: A Reply, p. 73, “Habung was a Chutiya dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala”.</ref>। চুতীয়া ৰজা লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণে ১৪০২ চনত সোৱণশিৰিৰ পশ্চিম দিশত(বৰ্তমান লক্ষিমপুৰ নগৰৰ ওচৰত) আৰু ১৩৯২ চনত সত্যনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ধৱলী(বগীনদী) নৈৰ পাৰত ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰিছিল<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.583</ref>। ১৫২২ চনত ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ঢকুৱাখনাত ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰিছিল<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.590</ref>। এই সকলো কথাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে বৰ্তমানৰ লখিমপুৰ জিলাখন সম্পূৰ্ণ ভাবে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল। * ধেমাজি জিলা: ধেমাজি জিলাৰ চিচিবৰগাঁও-বৰদলনি অঞ্চলত বহুতো পুৰণি চুতীয়া যুগৰ ধ্বংসাৱশেষ দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.439</ref>। জোনাইৰ ৰজাখনা অঞ্চলত ১৩-১৪ শতিকাৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ইটাৰ দুৰ্গৰ অৱশেষ পোৱা গৈছিল<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.441; Indian Archaeology 1986-87, p. 22</ref>। বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে সোৱণশিৰি পশ্চিম পিনৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত ১৬৭২ চনত দফলা জনজাতিৰ লোকে আক্ৰমণ কৰি মানুহ ধৰি নিছিল। মানুহ খিনিক মুক্ত কৰাই আনিবলৈ ৰজাই বৰবৰুৱাৰ লগতে চুতীয়া হাজৰিকা আৰু চুতীয়া কাঁড়ী বৰুৱাক পঠিয়াইছিল। এই কথাৰ পৰা ধৰিব পৰা যায় যে চুতীয়া সকলৰ বসতি লক্ষিমপুৰৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰ লৈকে আছিল।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji, p.220</ref><ref>Barbarua, Hiteswar, "Ahomar Din", p.190</ref> বুৰঞ্জীৰ আন এটা খণ্ডত উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে যে ডিক্ৰং অঞ্চলৰ‌ মিৰি লোক সকল এটা সময়ত চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ "হাতী-ঘাহী" লোক আছিল আৰু চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ পাছত এই সকলে আহোম ৰজাক বছৰি কৰ-ভাৰ দিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা ধৰিব পৰা যায় যে এই অঞ্চলো এসয়মত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল।<ref name= "devi">{{cite book |last1=Devi|first1=Lakshmi|title=Ahom-tribal Relations: A Political Study|date=1968|pages=202–203|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVdXAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Assam Book Depot, [Calcutta], Gauhati|OCLC=578753}}</ref> সোৱণশিৰি আৰু চিয়াং নৈৰ মাজত বসবাস কৰা মিচিং লোক সকলক আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙৰ দিনত "চুতীয়া-মিৰি" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছিল কাৰণ এই সকল চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰজা আছিল।<ref name= "devi"></ref> * বিশ্বনাথ জিলা: বিশ্বনাথ জিলা যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল, সেই কথা চুতীয়া যুগৰ কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন সমূহৰ পৰা পুহৰলৈ আহে। চুতীয়া যুগৰ খনিকৰ সকলে কিবা উল্লেখযোগ্য কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন নিৰ্মাণ কৰিলে এক বিশেষ ধৰণৰ চিহ্ন কিছুমান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। বিশ্বনাথ জিলাৰ অৰুণাচল সীমান্তৰ ৰামঘাট দুৰ্গ, নক্সাপৰ্বত দুৰ্গ, বালিজানৰ দুৰ্গ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ পাৰৰ উমাতুমনি দ্বিপ তাৰে প্ৰমাণ। এই সকলো অঞ্চলত দেখা পোৱা হুবহু একেই খনিকৰ চিহ্ন শদিয়াৰ তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী মন্দিৰ, বুঢ়াবুঢ়ী শাল, ইটা পুখুৰী, ইত্যাদি জেগাত দেখিবলৈ পোৱা গৈছে। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে তাম্ৰেশ্বৰীৰ যিখন শিল-ইটাৰ দেৱালত এই চিহ্ন সমূহ খোদিত আছিল, সেই খন চুতীয়া ৰজা মুক্তধৰ্মনাৰায়ণে ১৪৪২ চনত নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল।<ref>A Sircar, D.C, Journal of Ancient Indian History, p. 21; Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.589; Journal of the Asiatic Soceity of Bengal, 1848, p.467</ref> জনা মতে নক্সাপৰ্বত (১৪০০-১৫০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)<ref>Tada, Tage, Archaeological remains of Arunachal Pradesh up to 16th century, p.183</ref> আৰু বুঢ়ৈ দুৰ্গ<ref> Barua, Kanaklal, Early History of Kamrupa, p.271</ref> প্ৰায় একে যুগৰে সৃষ্টি হয়। শদিয়াৰ ৰুক্মিণীনগৰ, গম্চি দূৰ্গ আৰু ভীষ্মক নগৰৰ দৰে বালিজান আৰু নক্সা পৰ্বত দুৰ্গতো শিল ইটাৰ ঘৰৰ ভেটি পোৱা গৈছে। নক্সা পৰ্বত, ইটা দুৰ্গ আৰু ৰামঘাট দুৰ্গৰ শিলৰ ভেটিৰ ওপৰত ইটা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা শৈলী ৰুক্মিণী নগৰ, তাম্ৰেশ্বৰীৰ সীমাৰ দেৱাল আৰু শদিয়াৰ বৰনগৰৰ পুখুৰীত দেখা গৈছে। এই সমূহ তথ্যৰ ভিথিত কনকলাল বৰুৱা আৰু মহেশ্বৰ নেওগ লেখীয়া বিশিষ্ট ইতিহাস বিধে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰিসীমা বিশ্বনাথ জিলা লৈকে থকা কথা স্বীকাৰ কৰিছে।<ref> Barua, Kanaklal, Early History of Kamrupa, p.271-272, "The probability is that these ruins are the traces of a Hindu or Hinduised dynasty of local rulers who ruled over a kingdom to the north of Brahmaputra and extending from the Burai river on the west to Sadiya on the east. The dynasty is evidently the line of Chutia kings who assumed the surname Pala."</ref><ref>Neog, Maheswar, "Lights on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh", p. 218, "If architectural continuity is admitted between the fortifications in the Sadiya region and the Burai river ruin site, it would be possible to believe that the kingdom of these rulers(Chutia) extended as far as the outer limit of Darrang district, in the western most extent of which Ahom conquerors settled the vanquished Chutias in the early part of the sixteenth century."</ref> ইয়াৰ ওপৰিও জনা যায় যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছতেই (অৰ্থাৎ ১৫২৫ চনতে) আহোম ৰজাই উত্তৰ পাৰৰ শদিয়া, ভাটি অঞ্চল (বিশ্বনাথ), হাবুং(লখিমপুৰ) আৰু বানলুং(ধেমাজি) অঞ্চল শাসন কৰিবলৈ নতুনকৈ পদবী সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, Ahom Buranji, p.59-61; Gait, Edward, A history of Assam, p. 86</ref>। গতিকে এই সমূহ অঞ্চল চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল বুলি গ'ম পোৱা যায়। ===দক্ষিণ কূলৰ অঞ্চল=== চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নৈৰ দক্ষিণ পাৰৰ সীমা দিহিং নৈ আছিল। এই কথা বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত স্পষ্টকৈ উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়।<ref>Assam Buranji(SM), p.9</ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Satsari Buranji, p.56</ref> সেই সময়ত মাজুলী দ্বীপ সৃষ্টি হোৱা নাছিল আৰু দিহিং নৈ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ কাষে কাষে বৈ গৈ বৰ্তমান মাজুলীৰ পশ্চিমত লগ হৈছিল। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী চাৰাগুৱা আৰু বকতা<ref>Ahmed, Nasir, Assam-Bengal Trade in the Medieval Period: A Numismatic Perspective, p.170, "they made Bakata(on the banks of Dihing) their capital in the reign of their king Suhungmung Svarga Narayan."; Guha, Amalendu, The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714), p.19.</ref> দিহিং নৈৰ পাৰত অৱস্থিত আছিল। গতিকে এই সকলো কথাৰ পৰা ধৰিব পাৰি যে বৰ্তমানৰ শিৱসাগৰ অঞ্চলৰো এটা অংশ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। ১৫২২ চনত দিহিং মুখৰ যুদ্ধত নীতিপালৰ সৈন্য বাহিনীক পৰাস্ত কৰি আহোম সেণা চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যত প্ৰবেশ কৰিছিল। চুহুংমুঙৰ সৈন্যয়ে চুতীয়া নৌ সেনাক খেদি ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰয়ে দি উজাই আহি ডিব্ৰুমুখত গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ডিব্ৰু মুখ, চেচামুখ, লাৰুপাৰা আৰু সোণাৰীত (তিনিচুকীয়া) পুণৰ ৰণ হৈছিল। গতিকে এই সকলো অঞ্চলতে চুতীয়া সকলৰ বসতি আছিল বুলি ক’ব পৰা যায়। দক্ষিণ সীমান্তত এলেকা তিপাম-নামৰূপ-বৰহাট অঞ্চল আছিল। [[File:Stone inscription of Chutia king Muktadharmanarayana.jpg|thumb|চুতীয়া ৰজা মুক্তধৰ্মনাৰায়ণৰ ১৪৪২ চনৰ শিলৰ লিপি]] * মাজুলী জিলা: বৰ্তমানৰ মাজুলী জিলাখন পূৰ্বতে দিহিং অঞ্চল আছিল। এই‌ মাজুলী জিলাৰ পুব পিনৰ দিহিং নৈৰ মাছক লয় হোৱা বিবাদৰ পৰাই চুতীয়া-আহোমৰ যুদ্ধৰ পাতনি মেলে।‌ ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই মাজুলীৰ দিহিং মুখ, চেৰুৱাকতা আৰু চিৰা-আটি অঞ্চলত আহোমৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰে। শেষত ১৫২৩ চনত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে এই অঞ্চল চুতীয়াৰ পৰা দখল কৰে। * ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলা: বৰ্তমানৰ ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলাৰ প্ৰায় ভাগ ভূমি সেই সময়ত দিহিং নৈৰ উত্তৰত আছিল। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা জনা যায় হে দিহিঙৰ আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ সীমাৰ ওচৰতো চুতীয়া লোকৰ বসতি আছিল। আহোমৰ চোম-চিৰিং, খাতোৱাল চেতিয়া, চাংচাই, ইত্যাদি বংশৰ ওপৰি পুৰুষ সকলক‌ চুকাফাই‌ ওচৰৰ চুতীয়া গাঁও মাৰি অনা লোক। আহোম ৰজা চুতুফাকো চাফ্ৰাই নৈৰ ওচৰত চুতীয়া লোক এইখিনিয়ে বধ কৰিছিল।‌ ১৫২৩ চনত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ডিব্ৰু অঞ্চলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰি আহোম সেনাই গড় সাজিছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখৰ‌ কৰাৰ পাছত ১৫২৬ চনত দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই পদবী সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়। চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহৰ ফলত ডিব্ৰুগড়ত নতুন এখন প্ৰদেশ(''মৌঙ-তিফাও'') গঠন কৰি ১৫২৭ত চাওলুং চুলিঙক শাসনকৰ্তা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়। Thermo luminescence (TL) পদ্ধতিৰে ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ মৌৰামৰা দৌলৰ ওপৰত কৰা datingৰ অনুসৰি ইটাৰ দৌলটো ১৩-১৪ শতিকাৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ দিনত নিৰ্মিত<ref>Saikia, R.R,"Chronological and Archaeometric Evaluation of Bricks from Archaeological Sites of Upper Assam, Northeast India: Estimation of the Firing Temperature and Civilization History", p.17</ref>। গতিকে এই সকলো তথ্যৰ ভিত্তিত গম পোৱা যায় যে প্ৰায় গোটেই খন ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলাই চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। * তিনিচুকীয়া জিল: তিনিচুকীয়া জিলাৰ অধিকাংশ ভূমি চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল যদিও পূব দিশৰ এটা অংশ মৰাণ মুখিয়াল আৰু আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দিহিং নৈৰ পশ্চিম পাৰে বিস্তৃত আছিল বুলি জনা যায়। সেই সময়ত দিহিং নৈ বৰ্তমানৰ সুতিতকৈ কেই কিলোমিটাৰমান পশ্চিমলৈ বৈ গৈছিল। পেঙেৰী, ডিগবৈ, জয়পুৰ, তিপাম, ইত্যাদি অঞ্চল দিহিঙৰ পূবত আছিল। এই অঞ্চল সমূহ বৃটিছৰ দিনৰ লৈকে হাবি অৰণ্যৰে ভৰি আছিল য'ত মৰাণ লোক সকলে হাবি কাটি ঝুম খেতি কৰিছিল আৰু সময়ে সময়ে আহোম ৰজা সকলক অৰণ্যৰ সামগ্ৰী যোগান ধৰিছিল। তিনিচুকীয়াৰ শদিয়া সেই সময়ত "সধয়াপুৰ" বুলি জনাজাত আছিল আৰু সধয়া বা চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী আছিল। আহোম বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে শদিয়াৰ দক্ষিণৰ অঞ্চলতো চুতীয়া সেনাপতি বুঢ়া বৰুৱা (আহোম ভাষাত "থাওমান") বোলা এজনে শাসন কৰিছিল যিজনে‌ আহোমৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ১৫২৩ চনৰ ডিব্ৰুগড় ৰণত ভাগ লৈছিল। ১৫২৪ত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন হয় আৰু তিনিচুকীয়া জিলাৰ সমগ্ৰ ভূমি আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনলৈ আহে। আহোমৰ শদিয়া খোৱা গোহাঁয়ে (আহোম ভাষাত "থাওমুঙ বʼঙেন") শদিয়া অঞ্চল শাসন কৰিবলৈ লয়। শদিয়াৰ দক্ষিণৰ বৰডোমছা অঞ্চলত আহোমৰ হাটখোৱা গোহাঁই (আহোম ভাষাত "থাওমুঙ বʼক্লাং") বিষয়াই লোণৰ হাটৰ অধিকাৰী হয়। ===অৰুণাচলৰ ভয়াম আৰু পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চল=== টাই ভাষাৰ "আহোম বুৰঞ্জী" গ্ৰন্থ খনত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ সীমান্তৰ অঞ্চলৰ খামজাং প্ৰদেশৰ নঙাখাম নামৰ নৰা মুখিয়াল এজনে ১৭৭৫ চনত চুতীয়া সকলক লগত লয় হাটখোৱা গোহাঁইৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিদ্ৰোহ কৰিছিল আৰু পৰাস্ত হৈ দিহিং/নামজিন নৈ পাৰ হৈ পূৰবৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলত আশ্ৰয় লৈছিল<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, Ahom Buranji, p.331</ref>। বুৰঞ্জীৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে খামজাং প্ৰদেশ পাটকাই পৰ্বতৰ‌ নং-খেও-য়ং(Lake of no return) অঞ্চলত অৱস্থিত আছিল। গতিকে ধৰিব পাৰি যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য এসময়ত সেই অঞ্চলৰ লৈকে বিয়পি আছিল। ===নামনি অসমৰ‌ অঞ্চল=== ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰৰ তথ্য ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ শদিয়া-চেপাখোৱা তামৰ ফলিত(১৫২৮ চনৰ) পোৱা যায়। এই ফলিত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পিতৃ আছিল ৰজা ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ আৰু ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণে এসময়ত কমতাপুৰৰ লৈকে নিজৰ ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ কৰিছিল। ভূমিদানৰ ফলিখনত উল্লেখ আছে<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.587</ref>, {{Quote|text="একোহভূ্ৎ কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিতঃ <br /> কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণঃ।।"}} অৰ্থাৎ এজন হৈছিল (একোহভূৎ) কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা (কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি), যি জন আছিল "ভূপাল সমূহৰদ্বাৰা অৰ্চিত"(ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিত) আৰু "কামদেৱৰ(আন এটা নাম কন্দৰ্প) শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিজয়ী" (কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী) শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ।<ref>ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণো আছিল। এই কথা ঘিলামৰা অঞ্চলৰ বৰমূৰ্তিয়া বিলৰ তাম্ৰপত্ৰৰ পৰা জানিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ফলিখনৰ মতে ১৩৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত সুৰ-ৰিপু(অসুৰ) বংশৰ সধয়াপুৰৰ ৰজা নন্দিশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ সত্যনায়াণে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ২০০ পুৰা(৮০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ(আত্মজ) ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ফলিখনৰ নবীকৰণ কৰিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণ আছিল। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে ১৫০ বছৰ আগতে গৌৰীনায়াৰণ/ৰত্নধ্বজপালেও নিজৰ পুত্ৰ শিৱনাৰায়ণৰ লগত কমতেশ্বৰ ৰজা সন্ধয়াৰ ৰাজকুমাৰীক বিয়া কৰাই কমতা ৰাজ্যৰ লগত বন্ধুত্ব স্থাপন কৰিছিল। সম্ভৱতঃ এই কমতা ৰাজবংশ নাইকীয়া বা দুৰ্বল হৈ যোৱা ফলতে চুতীয়া ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণে কমতা ৰাজ্য নিজৰ অধীনলৈ আনিছিল।</ref> [[File:Another section of the palace.jpg|thumb|চুতীয়া দুৰ্গ ভীষ্মক নগৰৰ ইটাৰ গড়ৰ এক অংশ]] ==যোগিনী তন্ত্ৰত উল্লেখ== ১৬ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত লিখা‌ যোগিনী তন্ত্ৰত কামৰূপৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চল আৰু ৰাজকীয় শক্তিসমূহৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াত “সৌমাৰ”, “কূবাচ”, “যৱন” আৰু “প্লৱ” নাম উল্লেখ আছে— {{quote|পূৰ্বভাগে চ সৌমাৰঃ কূবাচ‌ পশ্চিমে‌তথা ।<br>দক্ষিণে যৱনসদ্ উত্তৰে প্লৱ এব চ ॥<br><br>এবমেব মহাদেৱি তে সৰ্বে কামৰূপকাঃ ।<br> এবং তে কথিতং দেবি সৌমাৰচৰিতং হি তৎ ॥}} অৰ্থাৎ পূৰ্বে সৌমাৰ, পশ্চিমে কূবাচ, দক্ষিণে যৱন আৰু উত্তৰে প্লৱ — এইসকল কামৰূপ অঞ্চলৰ অন্তৰ্গত বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে। গ্ৰন্থখনৰ পাচৰ অংশ সমূহত "কুবাচ"ক [[কোচ ৰাজ্য|কোচ]], "সৌমাৰ"ক [[আহোম ৰাজ্য|আহোম]] আৰু "যৱন"ক [[বংগ চুলতানী|মুছলমান]]/[[মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্য|মোগল]] বুলি চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে। এই অনুসৰি ইতিহাসবিদ সকলে “প্লৱ/প্লব” শব্দটোৱে সেই সময়ৰ উত্তৰ ভাগত ৰাজত্ব কৰি থকা পাল বংশীয় চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যক বুজাবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছে বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। ==ইতিহাস== ===ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা=== চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা আৰু পতনৰ কথা কেইবাখনো বুৰঞ্জীত পোৱা যায় যেনে দেওধাই অসম বুৰঞ্জী, অসম বুৰঞ্জী (SM), ইত্যাদি। সকলো বুৰঞ্জীৰ তথ্য সসূহ প্ৰায় একেই। বৃটিছ বিষয়া ''ET Dalton‌'' আৰু ''W.B.Brown''ৰ অনুসৰি একেবোৰ আখ্যান কিম্বদন্তি ৰূপত [[মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠী|মিচিং]] আৰু [[দেউৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|দেউৰী]] লোকৰ মাজতো প্ৰচলিত আছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=W.B. |title=An Outline Grammar Of The Deori Chutiya Language |publisher= Assam Secretariat Printing Office |location=Shillong |year=1895 |pages=75, 84 |quote="..as it agrees in all particulars with the traditions,I have elsewhere met with, it may merely be a compilation from them..These traditions are preserved among the Miris, the Deoris, who were the Chutiya priests (and amongst whom alone remnants of the ancient language and customs of the race are still preserved), and by some few of the Chutiyas who now call themselves Hindu Chutiyas... I have heard from them(Deoris) the story of how the Chutiya princess Sadhuni was won by the young archer (Niti Pal)... Probably enquiry would show that the other incidents of the chronicle are preserved as traditions among the Deoris in a similar modified form. }}</ref> দেউধাই বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে আনুমানিক ১১৮৭ চনত চুতীয়া সকলে বিভিন্ন সৰু সৰু ৰাজ্য(বা বৃহৎ গাঁও) গঠন কৰি বাস কৰি আছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.193</ref> তাৰ ভিতৰতে স্বৰ্ণগিৰি নামৰ ৰাজ্য খনত বীৰপাল নামৰ এজন লোক ৰজা হৈ আছিল। বীৰপালৰ ৰাজ্যত ৬০ টা যৌথ পৰিয়ালৰ লোকে বাস কৰিছিল, অৰ্থাৎ প্ৰায় ৬০০০ লোক।<ref>Dutta, Sristidhar, "The Mataks and their kingdom", p.45. "Morans, Borahis, Kacharis and Chutias were the main tribes in the Matak community. As all of them were Bodos in origin, they had a common living pattern too. They lived in joint families. The number of members in a joint family sometimes exceeded one hundred."</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত চুবুৰীয়া চুতীয়া লোকসলক পৰাস্ত কৰি তেওঁ 'গয়াপাল' নাম লৈছিল। শদিয়াক তেওঁ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী পাতিছিল। তেওঁক খুন্ত ৰজা বুলিও জনা‌ গৈছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.202</ref> ত্ৰয়োবিংশ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত [[আহোম]]সকলে অসমত তেওঁলোকৰ ৰাজ্য স্থাপন কৰিবৰ সময়ত উজনি অসমত চুতীয়াসকলেই আটাইতকৈ শক্তিশালী আছিল। চুতীয়া সকলৰ মাজত বুৰঞ্জী লিখাৰ প্ৰথা নথকাৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকৰ আটাইবোৰ ৰজাৰ নাম জনা নাযায়। দেওধাই অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে বাৰ শতিকাৰ মাজভাগৰ পৰা ষোল্ল শতিকাৰ আগভাগলৈকে মুঠ দহজন চুতীয়া ৰজাই ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। নোই ইলিয়াছ চাহাবৰ "হিষ্ট্ৰী অৱ দা শ্বান্‌ছ" গ্ৰন্থৰ মতে আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক [[চুকাফা]]ৰ সমসাময়িক চুতীয়া ৰজা কোছীৰ আগতে তেওঁৰ বংশৰ চৌত্ৰিশজন ৰজাই ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। তালৈ চাই কোনো কোনো পণ্ডিতে চুতীয়াসকলে খ্ৰীষ্টীয় সপ্তম শতিকামানতে ৰাজ্য স্থাপন কৰিছিল বুলি অনুমান কৰে।<ref name="বুৰঞ্জী">{{cite book | title=মাধ্যমিক অসম বুৰঞ্জী | author=ড: স্বৰ্ণলতা বৰা | pages=১৮৪-১৯০ | isbn=81-85905-11-8}}</ref> ===ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ=== বীৰপালৰ পুত্ৰ আছিল ৰত্নধ্বজপাল বা গৌৰীনাৰায়ণ। তেওঁ নিজৰ বাহু বলেৰে উজনি অসমৰ সকলো চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য (যেনে ৰঙ্গালগিৰি, স্বেতাগিৰি, চন্দ্ৰগিৰি, ধৱলগিৰি, নীলগিৰি, ইত্যাদি) একত্ৰিত কৰি বৃহৎ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.194</ref>। সেই সময়ত প্ৰায়বোৰ ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী পাহাৰীয়া বা পাহাৰৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত পতা হৈছিল। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে আহোমৰ চৰাইদেউ পৰ্বত, কছাৰীৰ ডিমাপুৰ/মাইবাং, কোচৰ চিকণা পৰ্বত, ইত্যাদি। পাছলৈ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ নগৰ যেনে চন্দনগিৰি(আজিৰ দিনৰ ৰুক্মিণীনগৰ), ভীষ্মকনগৰ, ইটানগৰ, ইত্যাদি সকলো পাহাৰৰ‌ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলতে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ওপৰিও জনা যায় যে আগৰ দিনত‌ উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বহুতো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে পাহাৰৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া বা‌ ওখ অঞ্চলত স্থায়ী ভাৱে থাকি ভৈয়ামত খেতি কৰিছিল।<ref>উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বহুতো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে খেতিৰ অনুসৰি ভৈয়াম আৰু পাহাৰ দুয়ো অঞ্চলতে জীৱন নিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।‌ প্ৰায়বোৰ লোকে তেতিয়াৰ দিনত আহু আৰু বাও ধানৰ খেতি কৰিছিল। শালি‌ কৰিলেও বেছি পৰিমাণে কৰা‌ নাছিল। বছৰৰ আৰম্ভণিতে আহু ধানৰ খেতি কৰি চপাই মেলি, বাও বা শালি খেতি কৰি বাৰিষাৰ বানৰ পৰা ৰোধ পাবলৈ বা বাৰিষাৰ বেমাৰ আজাৰ নহ'বলৈ পাহাৰৰ দাতিৰ‌ স্থায়ী অঞ্চল বোৰলৈ ঘূৰি গৈছিল। বৰাহী সকলে সেইবাবেই হয়টো চুকাফাক চৰাইদেউ পৰ্বতত থাকিবলৈ উপদেশ দিছিল। কালিকা পুৰাণৰ মতে দিক্কৰবাসিনী পীঠও বছৰৰ কেইবামাহ ধৰি পানীৰ তলত ডুব গৈছিল। কিছু লোকে হয়টো সেই সময়ত ভৈয়ামত স্থায়ী ৰুপে থাকি খেতি কৰিছিল আৰু সময়ত পাছলৈ বাকী লোকেও ভৈয়ামত স্থায়ী গাঁৱ পাতি থাকিবলৈ লৈছিল। বৰাহী চুতীয়া সকলৰ দুই শ্ৰেণী: চাং আৰু বাম বৰাহী হয়টো ইয়াৰে চিন। চুতীয়া ৰজা সকলে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমিদানো‌ সম্ভৱতঃ এই কাৰণতে কৰিছিল যাতে চুতীয়া লোক সকলে ভৈয়ামত হিন্দু ধৰ্মত দিক্ষিত হৈ স্থায়ীভাৱে থাকিবলৈ লয়। পাছলৈ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ ফলত পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলত বসতি নোহোৱাৰ বাবে বা সুৰক্ষাৰ ব্যৱস্থা/দূৰ্গ নোহোৱাৰ বাবে সেইবোৰ অঞ্চল পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি সকলৰ হাতলৈ যায়। সেই কাৰণতে আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ দিনত পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি বোৰে সঘনে ভৈয়ামৰ গাঁৱ লুণ্ঠন কৰিবলৈ ধৰে আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰতিৰোধৰ বাবে আহোম সকলে পছা প্ৰথা আৰম্ভ কৰে।</ref> গতিকে এই সকলো কথাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে পাহাৰীয়া দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত থাকি ভৈয়ামত খেতি কৰা চুতীয়া সকলে মধ্যযুগৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠাৰ পাছৰে পৰা ক্ৰমান্বয়ে সুসংগঠিত ভাৱে ভৈয়ামতো‌ স্থায়ী ভাৱে থাকিবলৈ লয়। দেউধাই বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা "চুতীয়াৰ কথা"ৰ দ্বিতীয় আখ্যানৰ<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.201-202</ref> মতে বীৰপালে কিৰাতনী দেৱীৰ আশীৰ্বাদত দুটা সোণৰ মেকুৰী আৰু দণ্ড-খাট লাভ কৰি চোট-হিন্দুৱান খুন্তৱান(চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ) ৰজা হৈছিল আৰু শদিয়াত আছিল ("পৰদিনা চৰুৰ ঢাকন গুচাই চালে, সোণৰ বিড়ালী দুটী পালে, দণ্ড-খাট পালে। সেইদিন ধৰি সকলৰে সোধ-পোছ দিন দিন ধৰি পালে। ছোট হিন্দুৱানৰ খুন্তৱানৰ ৰজা হ'ল। শদিয়াত সিটো ৰজা অবাক ৰূপে থাকে।")। ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে বীৰপালৰ বসতি(স্বৰ্ণগিৰি চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য) শদিয়া অঞ্চলতে আছিল। দেউধাই বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা চন্দ্ৰগিৰি নামৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য খনো বৰ্তমান শদিয়াতে অৱস্থিত আছিল। এইখন পাছলৈ স্বৰ্ণগিৰিৰ চুতীয়া ৰজা ৰত্নধ্বজপালে নিজৰ অধীনলৈ আনি বৃহৎ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল। চন্দ্ৰগিৰি অঞ্চলতে নীতিপালে আহোম ৰজাৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰিছিল, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁক "চন্দ্ৰ নাৰায়ণ" বুলিও কোৱা হৈছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.200</ref>। গোপাল চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাৰ টাই ভাষাৰ বুৰঞ্জীত এই অঞ্চলটোক "দৈ-চন্দন"(টাই ভাষাত দৈ=পাহাৰ) কোৱা হৈছে। ৰানী সাধনীয়ে এই অঞ্চলতে প্ৰাণ ত্যোগ কৰিছিল। ৰত্নধ্বজপালে বস কৰা ৰাজ্য স্বেতাগিৰি সম্ভৱত বৰ্তমান লখিমপুৰ জিলাত আছিল কাৰণ এই ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছতে তেওঁ বৰ্তমান মাজুলীত নিজৰ ৰাজধানী হিচাপে "ৰতনপুৰ" নামৰ এখন নগৰ গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.193</ref> । "ঢোল বাই ক'ত? ৰতনপুৰত। খোল বাই ক'ত? ৰতনপুৰত", এই বিখ্যাত পুৰণি গীতটো চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী ৰতনপুৰক লৈয়ে সৃষ্টি কৰা হৈছিল। এই ৰতনপুৰতে পাছলৈ নৱ-বৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মৰ সত্ৰ এখনো স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল। পৰবৰ্তী কালত ৰত্নধ্বজপালে নিজৰ ৰাজধানী শদিয়াত স্থায়ী ৰূপে গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.193</ref>। আহোম সকলৰ বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে চুকাফা ৰাজকুমাৰ মাও-লুং দেশত থাকোতে অসমত পাছখন ৰাজ্য আছিল: চুতীয়া, কমতেশ্বৰ, কছাৰী, বৰাহী আৰু মৰাণ। চুকাফাই চৰাইদেউত ৰাজধানী পতাৰ আগতে বাটত বহুতো চুতীয়াক লগ পাইছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Satsari Buranji, p.4</ref>। যিহেতু চুকাফাই চৰাইদেউত নগৰ গঢ়া আগতে নামৰুপ, তিপাম, অভয়পুৰ, হাবুং, শিমলুগুৰি আৰু চনটক বাস কৰি আহিছিল। গতিকে এইবোৰ অঞ্চলৰে কিছুমান জেগাত চুতীয়া সকলৰ বসতি আছিল বুলি ধৰিব পৰা যায়। বহুতো চুতীয়া পৰিয়াল (যেনে চোম-চিৰিং, চাংচাই, খাতুৱাল চেতিয়া, ইত্যাদি) চুকাফাৰ দিনতে আহোম জাতিত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হৈ বিলীন হৈ গৈছিল<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, Purani Asam Buranji, p. 23, 25</ref>। এই সকলো তথ্যৰ পৰা ধৰিব পাৰি যে ১২-১৩ শতিকাত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য সেই সময়ত লখিমপুৰ, ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলৰ পৰা শদিয়া আৰু অৰুণাচলৰ সীমান্ত অঞ্চলৰ লৈকে বিয়পি আছিল।  ===চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ কমতাপুৰ বিজয়=== ১৩-১৪ শতিকাত গৌড়ৰ মুচলমান ৰজাসকলে কেইবা বাৰো কমতা ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল, যাৰ ফলত ৰাজ্যখন দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৪ শতিকাৰ অন্তিমটো দশকত ঘিয়াছুদ্দিন আজম শ্বাহে কামৰূপ-কমতা অঞ্চল আক্ৰমণ কৰে। তেওঁৰ ৰাজত্বকালৰ কামৰুপ অঞ্চললৈ পূৰ্বমুখী সামৰিক অভিযানৰ প্ৰমাণ পোৱা বʼকুৰ এখন শিলালিপিত পোৱা যায়<ref>Owahedur Zaman, "Study on the Persian Inscriptions discovered in Assam,p.5, "This stone slab inscription is from the time of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah (ruled from 1389 A.D. to 1410 A.D). It was discovered in Boko of Kamrup district which was issued by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah in 1389 A.D. It seems that he extended his sovereignty through Guwahati upto Boko area."</ref>। এই আক্ফৰমণৰ ফলত পশ্চিম অসমত ৰাজনৈতিক অস্থিৰতা সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। সেইসময়তে পূব দিশত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যখন শক্তিশালী হৈ উঠিছিল। ফল স্বৰূপত চুতীয়া ৰাজশক্তিয়ে পশ্চিম পিনে পাতনি মেলে। চুতীয়া ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ ১৪২৮ চনৰ সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ (আন‌ এটা নাম ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ) তাম্ৰলিপিত উল্লেখ আছে যে তেওঁৰ‌ ককাক সত্যনাৰায়ণে (আন‌ এটা নাম ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ<ref>ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণো আছিল। এই কথা ঘিলামৰা অঞ্চলৰ বৰমূৰ্তিয়া বিলৰ তাম্ৰপত্ৰৰ পৰা জানিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ফলিখনৰ মতে ১৩৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত সুৰ-ৰিপু(অসুৰ) বংশৰ সধয়াপুৰৰ ৰজা নন্দিশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ সত্যনায়াণে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ২০০ পুৰা(৮০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ(আত্মজ) ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ফলিখনৰ নবীকৰণ কৰিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণ আছিল।</ref>) সেই একে সময়ছোৱাতে (১৩৯০-১৪০০) “কমৰুপৰ শত্রু”ক পৰাস্ত কৰি কমতাপুৰত‌ নিজৰ শাসন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। ভূমিদানৰ ফলিখনত উল্লেখ আছে, {{blockquote|"একোহভূ্ৎ কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিতঃ</br> কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণঃ।।"</br>}} অৰ্থাৎ এজন হৈছিল (একোহভূৎ) কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা (কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি), যি জন আছিল "ভূপাল সমূহৰদ্বাৰা অৰ্চিত"(ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিত) আৰু "কামদেৱৰ(আন এটা নাম কন্দৰ্প) শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিজয়ী" (কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী) শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ। যদিও এই “শত্রু”ৰ স্পষ্ট পৰিচয় উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই, তথাপিও ইতিহাসবিদসকলে সাধাৰণতে ধাৰণা কৰে যে ই গৌড়ৰ মুচলমান সেনাবাহিনী অথবা কমৰুপৰ সিংহাসনৰ বাবে প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা কৰা কোনো স্থানীয় ৰাজনৈতিক শক্তি হ’ব পাৰে, যাক চুতীয়া ৰজাই পৰাস্ত কৰিছিল। একেখন ফলিৰ তৃতীয় আৰু চতুৰ্থ শাৰীত ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ পুত্ৰ ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ আৰু তেখেতৰ পুত্ৰ দুৰ্লভ নাৰায়ণৰ বিষয়ে উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। পাছৰ অংশত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে ১৪২৮ খৃষ্টাব্দত (১৩৫০ শক) ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ আদেশত হাবুঙাধিপতি শ্ৰী বৃহৎ পাত্ৰয়ে ব্ৰাক্ষণক ৪০০ পুৰা(১৬০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। এইদৰে গৌড়ৰ সামৰিক চাপ আৰু কমৰুপ-কমতা অঞ্চলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা অস্থিৰতাৰ সুযোগ লৈ চুতীয়া শক্তিয়ে পশ্চিমলৈ বিস্তাৰ কৰি কমতাপুৰত নিজৰ আধিপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল বুলি বুজা যায়।<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ৰজাই আনুমানিক ১৩০০‌ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ভাগত কমতা ৰাজ্য দখল কৰি পুণৰ পুৰ্বৰ কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিবলৈ প্ৰয়াস কৰিছিল। ====দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পৰিচয় আৰু বিতৰ্ক==== ঐতিহাসিক তথ্যৰ অনুসৰি কমতা ৰাজ্যৰ "দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ" নামৰ এজন ৰজাই অসমীয়া কবি [[হেম সৰস্বতী]], [[হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ]], আদি বহু লেখকক পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা আগবঢ়াইছিল।<ref>হেম সৰস্বতীয়ে তেওঁৰ প্ৰহ্লাদ চৰিত গ্ৰন্থত দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰি লিখিছে—“কামতামণ্ডল দুৰ্লভ নাৰায়ণ নৃপবৰ অনুপাম”। এই শাৰীকেইটাৰ পৰা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণক কমতা মণ্ডলৰ অধিপতি আৰু সাহিত্য-সংস্কৃতিৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষক ৰজা হিচাপে বুজা যায়।</ref> গুৰু চৰিতৰ বৰ্ণনা অনুসৰি কমতা-কামৰূপৰ ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণে কানৌজৰ পৰা অহা বহু ব্ৰাহ্মণ আৰু কায়স্থ ভুঞা পৰিয়ালক নিজৰ ৰাজ্যত আশ্ৰয় দি পূৰ্বাঞ্চলত বসতি স্থাপনৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছিল। [[শঙ্কৰদেৱ|শ্ৰীমন্ত শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ]] পূৰ্বপুৰুষ সকলও এই স্থানান্তৰিত পৰিয়ালসমূহৰ মাজৰে এটা পৰিয়াল আছিল। এই পৰিয়ালসমূহক প্ৰথমতে উত্তৰ গুৱাহাটীৰ ওচয়ৰ লেঙামাগুৰি আৰু পাছলৈ নগাঁৱৰ তেম্বুৱানী-বান্ধা(ঢেমনী) অঞ্চলত বসতি দিয়া হৈছিল বুলি গুৰু চৰিতত উল্লেখ আছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp. 27–29.</ref> ইতিহাসবিদ মহেশ্বৰ নেওগে পৰৱৰ্তী কালৰ চৰিত-পুথি আৰু বৈষ্ণৱ পৰম্পৰাৰ ভিত্তিত শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ জন্ম-চন ১৪৪৯ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ বুলি গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু এই অনুসৰি দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ ৰাজত্ব কাল ১৪ শতিকাৰ মধ্যভাগ বুলি অনুমান কৰিছিল। কিন্তু ২০১৬ চনত লিখা গৱেষণামূলক প্ৰবন্ধত ইতিহাসবিদ বাণীপ্ৰশন্ন মীশ্ৰই উপলব্ধ তথ্যসমূহ পুনৰ বিশ্লেষণ কৰি এই গণনাক নাকচ কৰে আৰু শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ জন্ম সম্ভৱতঃ খ্ৰীষ্টীয় ১৪৭৯–১৪৮৪ চনৰ ভিতৰত হৈছিল বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp. 19-20.</ref> সেই অনুসৰি তেওঁ দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ শাসনকালো পুনৰ নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰি চতুৰ্দশ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ পৰা পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথম ভাগৰ মাজত হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp.23</ref> হেম সৰস্বতীয়ে দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণক ‘‘কমতামণ্ডল’’ৰ ৰজা বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>''প্ৰহ্লাদ চৰিত্ৰ''' উল্লেখ কৰিছে- "কমতামণ্ডল দুলৰ্ভনাৰায়ণ নৃপবৰ অনুপম৷ তাহান ৰাজ্যত ৰুদ্ৰসৰস্বতী দেৱযানী কন্যা নাম৷৷ তাহান তনয় হেমসৰস্বতী ধ্ৰুৱৰ অনুজ ভাই৷"</ref><ref name="sarma">{{cite book | title=অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ সমীক্ষাত্মক ইতিবৃত্ত | publisher=প্ৰতিমা দেৱী | author=ড: [[সত্যেন্দ্ৰনাথ শৰ্মা]] | authorlink=| year=১৯৯৬ | location=গুৱাহাটী | pages=৫৩-৫৪}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন কামৰূপৰ তাম্ৰশাসন আৰু সংস্কৃত ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিভাষাত ‘‘মণ্ডল’’ শব্দটো এক আঞ্চলিক বা ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিসৰ বুজাবলৈহে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। আনহাতে, চুতীয়া তামৰ ফলিত দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰে ‘‘সাধয়াপতি’’ বা সদিয়াৰ ৰজা বুলি পৰিচয় দিয়া দেখা নাযায়; তাৰ বিপৰীতে তেওঁৰ পূৰ্বপুৰুষ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ‘‘কমতাপুৰ’’ৰ ৰজা হৈছিল বুলিহে উল্লেখ কৰিছে। দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণে পৃষ্ঠাপোষকতা আগ বঢ়োৱা আন এজন কবি হৈছে "হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ"। ইতিহাসবিদ মহেশ্বৰ নেওগে এইজন কবিকে ৰামানন্দ দ্বিজৰ "শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বংশী গোপালদেৱ চৰিত"ত উল্লেখ কৰা বংশীগোপালদেৱৰ ককাক হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ বুলি চিনাক্ত কৰিছে।<ref name="ভৰালী">{{cite book | title=এহেজাৰ বছৰৰ এশগৰাকী অসমীয়া | publisher=চিত্ৰলেখা পাব্লিকেশ্বন্‌ছ | author=ভৰালী, হেমন্ত কুমাৰ | year=২০০১ | location=গুৱাহাটী | pages=২৯৮-২৯৯}}</ref> ৰচনাখনত হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰক ''"কুণ্ডিল গোষ্ঠীত জাত পুৰুষ সুন্দৰ / ব্যাঘ্ৰপিণ্ডা গ্ৰামেশ্বৰ মুখ্য পণ্ডিতৰ"'' বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে, অৰ্থাৎ তেওঁক কুণ্ডিল বা চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী [[শদিয়া]] অঞ্চলৰ লোক আৰু ব্যাঘ্ৰপিণ্ডা গাঁৱৰ গ্ৰামেশ্বৰ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite book |title=Harivara Vipra’s Babrubahnar Yuddha and Tamradhwajar Yuddha |editor=Birinchi Kumar Barua; Maheswar Neog |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1960 |page=}}</ref> মহেশ্বৰ নেওগৰ মতে হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰৰ ৰচনাত ‘‘চেতিয়া’’ শব্দৰ উল্লেখো পোৱা যায়। এই শব্দ কিছু ইতিহাসবিদে আহোম যুগৰ পৰৱৰ্তী সংস্কৰণত যোগ হোৱা বুলি ক'ব খোজে।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kakati |first=Banikanta |title=Aspects of Early Assamese Literature |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1953 |page=34}}</ref> কিন্তু বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা দেখা যে এই ''চেতিয়া'' পদবী চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যতো আছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K, "Deodhai Buranji, p.16</ref> আৰু চুহুংমুঙে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰাৰ পাছৰ পৰাহে আহোম ৰাজ্যত প্ৰচলিত হৈছিল।<ref>S.K, "Satsari Buranji, p.16</ref> "কবিৰত্ন সৰস্বতী"ৰ ৰচনাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে তেওঁক দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পুত্ৰ ইন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণয়ে পৃষ্ঠা পোষকতা আগ বঢ়াইছিল। ইতিহাসবিদ বাণীপ্ৰশন্ন মীশ্ৰৰ মতে মাধৱদেৱৰ ভনীয়েক উৰ্বশীয়ে দহ বছৰ বয়সত (১৫২৬ শতিকাত)<ref>{{cite book |last=Misra |first=Baniprasanna |title=Deprovincialising Srimanta Sankaradeva |publisher=Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University |year=2015 |pages=24–25 }}</ref> এই কবিজনৰ বংশৰ ৰামদাস আতাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ৰামদাস ৰত্ন সৰস্বতীৰ পাছৰ ষষ্ঠ প্ৰজন্মৰ পুৰুষ আছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kakati |first=Banikanta |title=Aspects of Early Assamese Literature |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1953 |page=44}}</ref> সেই অনুসৰি ইন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণৰ শাসনকালও পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথমাৰ্ধৰ মাজভাগত (প্ৰায় ১৪২০–১৪৪০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) আছিল বুলি অনুমান কৰিব পাৰি। এই সকলো তথ্যসমূহৰ ভিত্তিত কিছু গৱেষকে কমতা, কামৰূপ আৰু শদিয়া একেই ৰাজ শক্তিয়ে পৰিচালিত কৰিছিল বুলি ক'ব খোজে।<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> তথাপিটো কমতাপুৰৰ এই দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ আৰু চুতীয়া বংশৰ দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ‌ একে ব্যক্তি আছিল নে নাই, সেই বিষয়ে ইতিহাসবিদ সকলৰ মাজত বৰ্তমানেও একমত পোৱা নাযায়। ===ঘাৰমৰা সত্ৰ স্থাপন=== ===চীনৰ লগত সম্পৰ্ক=== ===চুতীয়া-আহোম যুদ্ধ=== ১৫১২ চনত চুতীয়াৰ হাবুঙৰ প্ৰদেশৰ পানবাৰী অঞ্চলত চুহুংমুঙে প্ৰৱেশ কৰে আৰু আগতে বামুণীয়া কোঁৱৰক তূলি লোৱা বামুণ পৰিয়ালটোক নিজৰ লগত লয়। বামুণ জনক সোণৰ লগুণ উপহাৰ দি হাতী-ঘাহী অধিকাৰী পাতি নিজৰ লগত লয়। পানবাৰীত থকাৰ সময়ত আহোম ৰজাই সেনা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমানক দিহিং নৈত মাছ ধৰিবলৈ পঠিয়াই। দিহিঙত ডাঙৰ বৰালী ধৰিবলৈ লওঁতে চুতীয়াই আহোম সেনাক দেখে। দিহিং নৈ চুতীয়া আৰু আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ সীমা আছিল, উত্তৰত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য আৰু দক্ষিণত আহোম ৰাজ্য। চুতীয়াৰ পানীত মাছ ধৰিছে বুলি গম পাই মাণিক চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাই (সম্ভৱতঃ এইজন দিহিং উপত্যকাৰ শাসনকৰ্তা আছিল) মানু্হ পঠিয়াই। কিন্তু আহোম সকলে মাছৰ লগতে চুতীয়া মানু্হকো ধৰি নিয়ে। এই কথা মাণিক চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাই ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ জোৱাঁই নিতাইক জনাই। নীতিপালৰ পৰা ধীৰনাৰায়ণে খবৰ পাই যে আহোম সেনাই দিহিঙৰ সীমা নামানি উত্তৰ পাৰৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ হাবুঙ অঞ্চলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছে।<ref>Assam Buranji (SM), p. 9</ref> * দিখৌ-মুখৰ ৰণ ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই এই কথা গম পাই যুদ্ধ কৰিবলৈ মন কৰে আৰু ১৫১৩ চনত লুইতে দি আহি দিখৌমুখত কোঠ পাতে। সেই সময়ত দিখৌ মুখ আজিৰ দিনৰ কাজিৰঙা‌ ওচৰত আছিল। চুতীয়া সেনাই দিখৌ মুখ অঞ্চলত পচলা গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। তাৰ পৰা আগ বাঢ়ি আহি চেৰুৱাকটা অঞ্চলৰ নঙকামুঙ বিলৰ পাৰত কোঠ পাতে। চেৰুৱাকটাৰ পৰা এখিনি সেনা বৰনাঁৱত উঠি চিৰা আটি অঞ্চললৈ যায়। চুহুংমুঙে চাও-চুখ্ৰিং আৰু ৰাইলুঙীয়া গোহাঁইক সৈন্য দি চুতীয়াৰ বৰনাঁৱ ধৰিবলৈ সেনা পঠিয়াই। তাৰ পাছত তেওঁ চেৰুৱাকটাৰ চুতীয়া সেনাক আক্ৰমণ কৰে। চুতীয়া সেনাই শত্ৰুৰ শক্তিৰ অনুমান নাপায় যুদ্ধত পৰাজয় হব লগিয়া হয়। এই যুদ্ধত ৪ হাজাৰ চুতীয়া সৈনিক স্বহীদ হয় আৰু ৩ হাজাৰ বন্দী হয়। বন্দী সকলৰ মূৰ কাটি আহোম ৰজাই মুণ্ডমালা বান্ধিলে।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji, p.57</ref> সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জীৰ অনুসৰি চুতীয়া সেনা দিখৌমুখৰ পৰা উজাই আহিছিল আৰু ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ তিনিমুণি অঞ্চলত ৫ দিন পুণৰ এখন ৰণ হৈছিল, য'ত মাণিকচন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱা, ৰজাৰ ভায়েক ঢেলা আৰু বৰহুলৈ বৰুৱাই ভাগ লৈছিল। যুদ্ধত মাণিকচন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাৰ গাত কাড় লাগিছিল আৰু বৰহুলৈ বৰুৱাকে প্ৰমুখ কৰি চুতীয়া সেনা পিছ হুঁহকি শদিয়ালৈ আহিলে। ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ এই যুদ্ধৰ কথা কিন্তু অন্য বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই, গতিকে এয়া পাছত হোৱা দিহিংমুখৰ দ্বিতীয়খন ৰণৰ বৰ্ণনাও হ'ব পাৰে যিখনত চুতীয়া সেনা পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ পাছত আহোম সেনাই ডিব্ৰুমুখত গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। যুদ্ধৰ পৰাজয়ৰ ফলত দিখৌ মুখত বাকী থকা চুতীয়া সেনা সেই অঞ্চলৰ পৰা ঘূৰি আহে আৰু পানবাৰী আহোমৰ হাতলৈ যায়। তাৰ পাছত ১৫১৯ চনত চুহুংমুঙ হাবুঙৰ পৰা দিহিংমুখ অঞ্চল লৈ আহে আৰু তাত এটা কোঠ/দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। তেতিয়াৰ দিহিংমুখ আজিৰ দিনৰ পশ্চিম মাজুলী অঞ্চল হয়।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji, p.57</ref><ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, Purani Assam Buranji, p.40</ref> * দিহিং-মুখৰ প্ৰথম ৰণ ১৫২০ চনত চুতীয়া সেনাই এইবাৰ আকৌ ভটিয়াই আহি আহোমৰ নতুনকৈ নিৰ্মিত দিহিংমুখৰ দুৰ্গ(মৌঙখ্ৰাঙ) আক্ৰমণ কৰে। যুদ্ধত চুতীয়া সেনা জয়ী হয় আৰু আহোম সেনাপতি খেনমোঙক মাৰি আহোম সেনাক সেই অঞ্চলৰ পৰা খেদি পঠিয়াই। ফলত দিহিংমুখৰ কোঠ চুতীয়াৰ হাতলৈ যায়।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji, p.57</ref><ref>Purani Assam Buranji, p.40</ref> ===চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন=== * নীতিপালৰ ৰাজত্ব ইয়াৰ পাছতে ১৫২২ চনত ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই [[হাবুং]] অঞ্চলৰ (বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনা) ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰি সাধনী আৰু নিতাই ৰাজ্য ভাৰ দিয়ে। ৰজা হৈ নিতায়ে নীতিপাল নাম লয়। ৰজা ধীৰনাৰায়ণে ৰাজ্য ভাৰ এৰি জামাতাক যুৱৰাজ পাতি, আপোন পুত্ৰ তিনি বছৰৰ শিশু সাধক নাৰায়ণক নীতিপালৰ হাতত সমৰ্পন কৰি দেশান্তৰিত হয়। সামান্য ‌চুতীয়া ল'ৰা ৰজা হোৱাত ৰাজবংশৰ ৰাজপাট দাবীদাৰ কোঁৱৰসকল স্বাভাৱিকতে ক্ষুণ্ণ ‌হৈ পৰে। এই লোক সকলে নিত্যপালক সিংহাসনচ্যুত কৰিবলৈ ষড়যন্ত্ৰত নামে। এই ষড়যন্ত্ৰৰ মূল নায়ক ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ ভায়েক সুৰজিৎ ওৰফে সুৰধ্বজপাল আছিল। ষড়যন্ত্ৰ সফল নহ'ল। নীতিপালে তেওঁৰ বিশ্বাসী চোৰাংচোৱাৰ পৰা সকলো কথা জানিব পাৰি ষড়যন্ত্ৰত লিপ্ত বিষয়াক ভাঙি নতুন মন্ত্ৰী বিষয়া নিয়োগ কৰে। পূৰ্ব্বৰ পাত্ৰ মন্ত্ৰী গুচাই সামান্য পাত্ৰ-মন্ত্ৰী পাতি লʼলে। সূৰধ্বজপালক ধৰি আনিবৰ বাবে কাচিতৰা সেনাপতিক পঠায়। কিন্তু সুৰধ্বজ দেশ এৰি পলাই যোৱাত সেই কাম সম্ভৱ নহ'ল। নীতিপালৰ দিনত নাৰায়ণ নামৰ এজন বৰসেনাপতি আৰু ৰঘূবীৰ তথা কাচিতৰা সহসেনাপতি আছিল বুলি জনা যায়। কিন্তু সময়ত নীতিপালৰ শাসন দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰে। পূৰ্বৰ সাধাৰণ বংশৰ লগৰীয়া সকলক ৰাজ্যৰ বিষয়-বাব দিবলৈ ধৰাৰ ফলত সম্ভ্ৰান্ত বংশৰ লোকৰ বিশ্বাস আৰু আনুগত্য হেৰুৱাব লগা হয়। দোষ গুণৰ সুবিচাৰ নকৰি হকে-বিহকে প্ৰজাৰ ওপৰত উৎপীড়ন চলোৱাৰ বাবেই‌ [[নীতিপাল]] প্ৰজাৰ মাজত অনীতিপাল বুলি খ্যাত হৈ পৰে।<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, "Chutia jatir Buranji, p.594.</ref> * দিহিং-মুখৰ দ্বিতীয় ৰণ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ দুৰৱস্থাৰ বাতৰি আহোম ৰজা [[চুহুন্মুং]]ৰ কাণত পৰিল। ফলত সেই বছৰৰ শেষৰ পিনে(১৫২২ চন) তেওঁ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰে। প্ৰথমতে মাজুলীৰ নঙকঙমোঙ বীলৰ ওচৰলৈ আহি তেওঁ দিহিঙমুখত(বৰ্তমানৰ পশ্চিম মাজুলী অঞ্চল) কোঠ দি থকা চুতীয়াক আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ সেনা পঠায়। যুদ্ধৰ নেতৃত্বত থকা বৰগোহাঁয়ে চুতীয়া সেনাক দিহিং মুখৰ পৰা পুবলৈ ঠেলি নিয়ে আৰু লাচাই-টাই নামৰ এজনক চুতীয়াৰ পৰা সংগ্ৰহ কৰা বৰ-নাঁৱত উঠাই ৰজাৰ ওচৰলৈ পঠায়। সেই সময়ত ৰজা বীলৰ পৰা আগ বাঢ়ি আহি চেৰুৱাকতা নামৰ অঞ্চল এটাত আছিল। চুহুংমুঙে লাচাই-টাইক যুদ্ধৰ খবৰ লয়। লাচাই-টাই ৰজাক জনাই যে চুতীয়া সৈন্য লুইত(টিলাও) নৈ‌ ওচৰৰ অঞ্চলৰ লগতে ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ(চোপ-নাম-টিফাও) পানীত কোঠ পাতি আছে।<ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 17.</ref> ইয়াৰ পাছতে হয়টো আগতে উল্লেখ কৰি অহা ডিব্ৰুগড় ৰণখন সংঘটিত হয়। * ডিব্ৰু-মুখ/ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ ৰণ ১৫২৩ চনৰ কাতি মাহত চুহুংমুঙৰ আদেশত ফ্ৰাচেনমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই আৰু কিঙলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁই ৰাজমন্ত্ৰীয়ে নিজৰ সমস্ত সৈন্য বাহিনী লয় ডিব্ৰুমুখলৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহি তাত এটা গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। চুহুংমুঙে চৰাইদেউ লৈ আহি ভগৱানৰ ওচৰত বলি আগ বঢ়ায়। ১৫২৩ চনৰ আঘোণ মাহত চুহুংমুঙে সৈন্য বাহিনী লয় আগ বাঢ়ি চেঁচামুখত কোঠ দিয়ে। নীতিপালে গড় বন্ধাৰ খবৰ পাই শদিয়াৰ পৰা লাৰুপাৰা(বৰ্তমান চাবুৱাৰ ওচৰৰ) লৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহে। তাৰ পৰা তেওঁ শত্ৰুক দেশৰ পৰা খেদিবলৈ বুঢ়া বৰুৱাৰ নেতৃত্বত ডিব্ৰুমুখ লৈ সৈন্য বাহিনী পঠিয়ায়। সম্ভৱতঃ এজন ডিব্ৰু উপত্যকাৰ শাসনকৰ্তা আছিল। চুতীয়া সেনাপতি জনে ৰজাৰ আদেশ মতে ডিব্ৰুগড় আক্ৰমণ কৰে। আনপিনে চুহুংমুঙেও ডিব্ৰুমুখলৈ আহি যুদ্ধত ভাগ লয়। ফ্ৰাচেনমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই আৰু কিঙলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁই ৰাজমন্ত্ৰীয়ে একলগ হৈ পথে দি আগ বাঢ়ি চুতীয়াৰ নৌ বাহিনীক আক্ৰমণ কৰে। চুতীয়াৰ নৌ সেনাৰ নেতৃত্বত আছিল কাচিতৰা, চুলুকী চেতিয়া (GC Baruaৰ বুৰঞ্জীত এলেঙী চেতিয়া বুলি কোৱা হৈছে) আৰু বৰপাত্ৰ নামৰ তিনিজন সেনাপতি। বৰপাত্ৰ জন সম্ভৱতঃ সোৱণশিৰি উপত্যকাৰ তথা হাবুঙৰ শাসনকৰ্তা আছিল, যিজনক তামৰ ফলিত হাবুঙাধিপতি বৃহৎ পাত্ৰ বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। কাচিতৰা আছিল লুইত উপত্যকাৰ শাসনকৰ্তা। যুদ্ধত চুতীয়া সেনা পৰাস্ত হয়। পিছ দিনা চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই গড়ত থকা সকলো মন্ত্ৰী ডাঙৰীয়া আৰু সেনাক লগত লৈ আগ বাঢ়ি সোণাৰী অঞ্চলত (বৰ্তমান কাকপথাৰ অঞ্চল) সোমায়। <ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 17.</ref> * নীতিপালৰ সন্ধি প্ৰস্তাৱ ইয়াকে দেখি নীতিপালে আহোম ৰজা লৈ কটকীৰ সৈতে কিছুমান উপহাৰ পঠায়। উপহাৰ সমূহৰ মাজত আছিল সোণৰ কাণফুলী/কেৰু(তং-ৰু-খাম), সোণোৱালী‌ মেখেলা(চিন-খাম), কপাহী কাপোৰ(ফ্ৰা-নোন), ৰূপৰ বিচনা(থা-কা-ঙেন), পাটি, ইত্যাদি। সকলো উপহাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিও চুহুংমুঙে চুতীয়া ৰাজ সম্পদ(সোণ-ৰুপৰ মেকুৰী, সোণ-ৰুপৰ ছত্ৰ, ৰাজকীয় খাট আৰু ৰাজ দণ্ড), ১০টা দতাল হাতী, এজনী মাখুন্দী হাতী আৰু এজনী ছোৱালী বিচাৰি পঠায়। নীতিপালে ছোৱালী আৰু হাতী দিবলৈ মান্তি হয় যদিও ৰাজকীয় সম্পদ পূৰ্বপুৰুষৰ সম্পত্তি বুলি দিবলৈ নিবিচাৰে। ইয়াৰ বিপৰীতে এক মাহৰ পাছত সোণ-ৰুপৰ জাপি(কোপ-খাম-ঙেন), সোণৰ তেমি(খোপ-খাম), সোণৰ তোম(লিউ-খাম), সোণৰ ছত্ৰ (চাং-খাম), সোণৰ খাৰু(মাউ-খাম), সোণৰ ভৰিৰ খাৰু(খু-টিন-খাম), হাতী, ঘোঁৰা, হাতীৰ দাতৰ পাটি, কটাৰী আৰু পানীকমলী কাপোৰ দি পঠায়। সমান্তৰাল ভাৱে নীতিপালে লুইতৰ পাৰত এটা দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিবলৈ লয় আৰু তাতে থাকে। দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণৰ কথা শুনি, ৰাজসম্পদ নাপায় আৰু লগতে উপহাৰৰ মাজত কটাৰী দেখি চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই শদিয়াপুৰ আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্ণয় কৰে।<ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 18.</ref> * শদিয়াৰ ৰণ ১৫২৪ চনৰ বহাগত লুইত নৈ পাৰ হৈ শদিয়া(সধয়াপুৰ) আক্ৰমণ কৰে। [[ব'হাগ বিহু|ব'হাগ মাহৰ বিহুৰ দিনা]] [[শদিয়া]] আক্ৰমণ কৰা হৈছিল। বিহুৰ দিনা শদিয়াৰ চাৰি শালত বৰ-বলি আয়োজন কৰা হয়, যʼত [[দেউৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|দেউৰী]] পূজাৰীৰ বাহিৰে অন্য লোকে হাতত অস্ত্ৰ লোৱাতো বৰ্জিত আছিল। আজিও এই বৰবলিৰ নিয়ম শদিয়া অঞ্চলৰ থান সমূহত পালন কৰা হয়। সেই সময়ত সৌমাৰ খণ্ডত একমাত্ৰ চুতীয়া সকলৰ মাজত হে খাৰ-বাৰুদ বা হিলৈ-বৰটোপৰ প্ৰচলন আছিল। সেই বাবে হয়তো আক্ৰমণকাৰী সকলে বিহুৰ বতৰত আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্ণয় কৰি লৈছিল। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ মতে সেই সময়ত নীতিপালে পুখুৰী এটাও খন্দাই আছিল। শদিয়াৰ দুৰ্গত কৰা আক্ৰমণ সহিব নোৱাৰি নীতিপাল চন্দনগিৰি লৈ গুচি আহে আৰু কাচিতৰা দৈথাং পৰ্বতত উঠে।<ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 19.</ref> * চন্দনগিৰি আৰু দৈথাং পৰ্বতৰ ৰণ চুহুংমুঙে শদিয়াৰ বৰনগৰত থাকি ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই আৰু কিঙলুন ৰাজমন্ত্ৰীক(বুঢ়াগোহাঁই) চন্দনগিৰি লৈ আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ পঠায়। আনহাতে কনচেং ধনুদাৰী গোহাঁইক (চাও-চঙ কুঙ-ৰিণ) কাচিতৰাৰ লগত যুঁজিবলৈ দৈথাং পৰ্বতলৈ পঠায়। ইফালে চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ তামুলী গজৰাই বৰুৱা আৰু তেওঁৰ পৰিয়ালক আহোম বাহিনীয়ে বন্দী কৰে‌ আৰু চুতীয়া ৰজা ৰাণীৰ আত্মগোপন স্থান প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হয়। বুৰঞ্জী অনুসৰি সেহি সময় চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ তামুলী গজৰায় বৰুৱা হাবিত পলাই আছিল। তাৰে ল'ৰাৰ কান্দন শুনি ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙৰ পুত্ৰ ঘৰ সন্দিকৈয়ে বেঢ়ি ধৰিলে‌ বোলে-"ৰজাৰ কথা ক নকলে‌ কাটিম।" এই বুলি তাৰ ল'ৰা তিৰোতাক বন্দী কৰি তাক পঠাই দিলে। বহু প্ৰচেষ্টা সত্ত্বেও গজৰায়ে ৰজাক বিচাৰি নাপাইছিল। শেষত ৰাণীৰ ভোক লাগিলত জুৰি‌ এখনৰ কাষত ভাত ৰান্ধোতে উঠা ধোঁৱা দেখিহে গম পালে আৰু সেইমতে আহোম বিষয়াসকলক জনালেহি যে চুতীয়া ৰজা ৰাণীয়ে চন্দনগিৰিৰ এখন পাহাৰীয়া জুৰিৰ ওচৰত আশ্ৰয় লৈছে।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K.,''Assam Buranji(SM)'',p.10</ref> চন্দনগিৰি পৰ্বতত উঠিবৰ কাৰণে আহোম সেনাই আপ্ৰাণ চেষ্টা চলাইও সফল নহয়। চুতীয়া সেনাই ওপৰৰ পৰা শিল বগৰাই আৰু দলিয়াই বহুতো আক্ৰমণকাৰীৰ বধ কৰে। সাতসৰী আৰু অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ (SM)ৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে সেই সময়ত [[সতী সাধনী|সাধনী ৰাণী]]‌ গৰ্ভৱতী আছিল। GC Baruaৰ আহোম ভাষাৰ বুৰঞ্জীত ৰাণী/কোঁৱৰী গৰাকীক‌ নাঙ-লুং কোৱা হৈছে। লগতে উল্লেখ আছে ৰজা আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ। যিহেতু নাঙ-লুঙৰ অৰ্থ ৰাণী নে‌ কোঁৱৰী সঠিক কয় ক'ব নোৱাৰি গতিকে এই তিনি গৰাকী লোক নাইবা ধীৰনাৰায়ণ, সাধনী আৰু নীতিপাল/সাধকনাৰায়ণ বা নীতিপাল, সাধনী আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হ'ব পাৰে। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে নীতিপাল সাধনীৰ বিয়া ১৫১২ৰ আগতেই হৈ গৈছিল কাৰণ অসম বুৰঞ্জী(SM)ৰ অনুসৰি ১৫১৩ চনত ধীৰনাৰায়ণক আহোমৰ বিষয়ে তেওঁৰ জোঁৱায়েকে খবৰ দিছিল। সাধনী আৰু নীতিপালৰ‌ লগতে ১২০ গৰাকী কোঁৱৰীয়েও শিলা কুচাই বিৰোধী পক্ষৰ সৈনিকক মাৰে। আহোম সৈন্য চন্দনগিৰি পৰ্বতত উঠিবলৈ সক্ষম নহৈ পিছুৱাই আহিব লগাত পৰে আৰু এজন চুতীয়া সৈনিকক লগত ধৰি আনে। ইয়াৰ পাছত আক্ৰমণকাৰী সকলে ৰননীতি কৰি পৰ্বতৰ তিনিফালে বেৰি ধৰিব লয়। চাও ৰু-পক আৰু কিছু লোক ঘিলা গছৰ সহায়ত চন্দনগিৰি পাহাৰত উঠিল, কিন্তু মানুহ নেদেখিলে। আগ বাঢ়ি গৈ এখন গাঁও পালে আৰু তাত দুকুৰিমান মানুহ দেখিলে। চুতীয়া বুৰঞ্জী অনুসৰি ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই কিছু লোকক ঘিলা গছত উঠি [[ঢোল]] বজাবলৈ আদেশ দিয়ে। হয়তো এই সকল আগতে ধৰি অনা‌ চুতীয়া বন্দী আছিল। আগৰ দিনত ঢোল বজোৱাটো যুদ্ধত জয়ৰ প্ৰতীক আছিল। ঢোল বজাই বিজয়ৰ কথা জনাই দিয়া হয়। সেই বাবে পাহাৰৰ ওপৰত উঠি থকা ৰজা ৰাণীয়ে বিহুৰ বতৰত ঢোলৰ মাত শুনি বাহিৰলৈ উলাই আহে আৰু তিনিও ফালৰ পৰা শত্ৰুৰ আক্ৰমণৰ বলি হয়। নীতিপালক আহোম সেনাই বৰদ্বাৰত দেখিলে। তথাপিও চুতীয়া সেনানী যি সকল আছিলে সেই সকলে আকৌ শিল দলিয়াই কিছু শত্ৰুক মাৰিলে।নীতিপালে শত্ৰুৰ গালৈ কাড় মাৰিবলৈ লয় যদিও বিৰোধী পক্ষৰ জানমোঙখাম হাতীবৰুৱাৰ (ফু-কে-চং) কাড় লাগি মৃত্যু বৰণ কৰে। সাধনীয়ে নিজৰ মহিলা সৈন্য বাহিনীক লগত লয় যুঁজ দিয়ে যদিও শেষত পৰাস্ত হৈ চন্দনগিৰিৰ পৰা জাপ মাৰে। প্ৰায় সংখ্যক বুৰঞ্জীত সাধনীয়ে আত্মবলিদান কৰিছিল বুলি আছে যদিও গোপাল চন্দ্ৰ বৰবৰুৱাৰ টাই ভাষাৰ বুৰঞ্জীত ৰাণীৰ (নাঙ-লুং) গাত যাঠি লাগিছিল বুলি উল্লেখ আছে। যিকি নহওক এই তথ্য পৰাও ৰানী সাধনীয়ে আত্মসমৰ্পণ নকৰি শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দিয়াৰ কথাহে পোহৰলৈ আনে, কাৰণ আত্মসমৰ্পণ কৰা হ'লে তেওঁক যাঠি মাৰি আক্ৰমণ কৰা নহ'ল হয়। আনপিনে কাচিতৰাক কনচেঙে দৈথাং পৰ্বতত পৰাস্ত কৰে। <ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 19.</ref> [[File:Statue of Queen Sadhani Narayan.jpg|thumb|চুতীয়া বংশৰ শেষ ৰাণী বীৰাঙ্গনা সাধনী নাৰায়ণীৰ প্ৰতিমূর্তি]] ===ৰাজ্য পতনৰ পৰবৰ্তী পৰিস্থিতি=== চুতীয়া ৰজা নীতিপাল, তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ আৰু কাচিতৰা তিনিওৰে মূৰ চন্দগিৰি আৰু দৈথাঙৰ পৰা কাটি আনি শদিয়াত থকা চুহুংমুঙৰ আগত প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। দেওধাই বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে সাধনীৰ মূৰটো কাটি অনা হৈছিল। ৰজা আৰু পুত্ৰৰ মূৰ কেইটা নচোৱাই পৰ্বতত মুণ্ডামালা বান্ধি শেষত চৰাইদেউৰ শালৰ খটখটিত পোতি থোৱা হয়। অসম বুৰঞ্জী(SM)ৰ মতে আহোম সেনাই সাধনীৰ মৃত শৰীৰৰ পৰা কঁকালত পিন্ধা সোণৰ কঙ্কালি লয় আনি শদিয়াৰ থানলৈ আনিছিল, কিন্তু তাত কিছুমান চুতীয়াই আক্ৰমণ কৰি লাপিত ফাংত্যাং দেওধাই নামৰ এজনক বধ কৰিছিল। Edward Gaitৰ‌ A History of Assamত উল্লেখ কৰা‌ মতে ৰাণীৰ মৃত্যু যাঠী লাগ হৈছিল। GC Baruaৰ Ahom Buranjiত ৰাণীৰ(নাঙ-লুং) বিষয়ে দিয়া আছে যদিও এই অংশৰ অনুবাদ দিয়া হোৱা নাই। অংশটোত "টিং" শব্দৰ উল্লেখ চাই ক'ব পাৰি যে ইয়াতো ৰাণীৰ গাত "যাঠী" লগাৰ কথাই উল্লেখ আছে। "পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ অনুসৰি কোঁৱৰী কিছুমানক কাটিছিল আৰু কিছুমানক ধৰি আনিছিল<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra,"Purani Assam Buranji, p. 42</ref>। অন্য বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত এই অংশত ৰানী সাধনীৰ(নাঙ-লুং) কথ উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই। ===চুতীয়া ভূমিৰ বিতৰণ=== শদিয়া ৰাজধানী শাসন কৰিবলৈ ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁইক তিনিশ সৈনিক দিয়া হৈছিল। শদিয়া আৰু দিহিং অঞ্চলত নতুনকৈ আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ মানুহ আনি থাকিবলৈ দিয়া হয়। ‌চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰদেশ সমূহ ভাল দৰে শাসন কৰিবলৈ বহুতো নতুন পদবী সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়। ১৫২৬ চনত চাওচেং কুঙৰিন (ধনুধৰিয়া গোহাঁই)‌ কনচেঙক থাওমৌঙ মৌঙ-তেও (ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁই বা নামনিয়াল সন্দিকৈ<ref>Satsari Buranji, p.62</ref>) পতা হয়। এইজনক হাবুঙ অঞ্চলত ৰখা হয় আৰু ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰৰ বিশ্বনাথৰ, লখিমপুৰ আৰু ধেমাজি শাসন কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হয়।‌ একেই বছৰতে থাওমৌঙ বানলুং (বানলুঙীয়া গোহাঁই) খেওখেনক থাওমৌঙ লৌঙ-ক্লং (দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই)‌ পতা‌ হয়। সেই‌ সময়ত দিহিং নৈ পাটকাইৰ পৰা ডিগবৈ, দিহিং-পাটকাই অৰণ্য, তিপাম,‌ নাহৰকটীয়া, মৰাণহাট, চেপন, বকতা, চৰগুৱা হৈ ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰৰ সমান্তৰাল ভাৱে বৈ গৈ পশ্চিম মাজুলী/বোকাখাত অঞ্চলত ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰত পাৰিছিল। এইজন গোহাঁইক দিহিং প্ৰদেশ অৰ্থাৎ মাজুলী, উত্তৰ শিৱসাগৰ, ডিব্ৰুগড় আৰু দক্ষিণ তিনিচুকীয়া লৈকে শাসন‌ কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হয়। সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে প্ৰথমতে ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁইক শদিয়াৰ ৰাজ আৰু কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক দিহিং ৰাজ দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>Satsari Buranji, p.68</ref> ১৫২৬ চনত হোৱা চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহৰ ফলত ডিব্ৰুগড়ত নতুন এখন প্ৰদেশ গঠন কৰি ১৫২৭ত চাওলুং চুলিঙক শাসনকৰ্তা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়, যাতে ১৫২৬ৰ দৰে শদিয়া অঞ্চলত পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ হ'লে ডিব্ৰু প্ৰদেশৰ সেনাই শদিয়া বাহিনীৰ সহযোগ কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও একেই‌ সময়তে কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক "থাও-মুঙ-বঙেন" পাতি তিনিচুকীয়া অঞ্চল শাসন(সোণাৰীৰ পৰা লুইতৰ লৈকে) কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হয়। শদিয়াৰ মহং (নগা পাহাৰৰ মহঙতকৈ পৃথক) অঞ্চলৰ লোণৰ খাট ৰক্ষা কৰিবলৈ "থাও-মুঙ-বক্লাঙ" বা‌ হাটখোৱা গোহাঁই নিযুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। বুৰঞ্জীৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে ১৫২৯ চনত হোৱা চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহত দুয়োজন গোহাঁই (ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোঁহাই আৰু কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁই) একেলগে শদিয়া-তিনিচুকীয়া অঞ্চলতে শাসন কৰি আছিল। একেই বছৰৰে(১৫২৭) শেষৰ পিনে কনচেঙক ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁইৰ পৰা নতুন পদবী‌ "চাও-চেঙলুং"‌(ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী) দিয়া হয়<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, ''Ahom Buranji'', p.61</ref>। পূৰ্বতে ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী পদবীটো বৰগোঁহাই বা বুঢ়াগোহাঁই এজনক দিয়া হৈছিল। ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী পাতি চুহুংমুঙে কনচেঙক দুয়োজন‌ গোহাঁইৰ লগত একেই শাৰিতে ৰাখি সমমৰ্যাদা দিছিল। চুতীয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰ পদবীটো চুহুংমুঙৰ‌ দিনটো অব্যাহত আছিল। চুক্লেংমুঙ(চুহুংমুঙৰ পুত্ৰ) ৰজাৰ দিনত চুতীয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰ এজনৰ সমৰ্থন পাই হাবুঙৰ ব্ৰাহ্মণ মুখিয়াল এজনে বিদ্ৰোহ কৰে। ফলত যুদ্ধ এখন হয় য'ত বৰপাত্ৰ জনৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু ব্ৰাহ্মণজন বেহাৰলৈ পলাই যায়<ref> সুকুমাৰ মহন্তৰ ঘৰত পোৱা অসম বুৰঞ্জী, ২৫ পৃষ্ঠাত আছে-"সেই সময়ত ৰজা দাই ধৰিলে, বোলে-'চুটিয়া মাৰি ভূঞা বিলাকক মাৰি-কাটি বুপা ৰজায়ে ময়েহে ৰাজ্য লৈছো। বামুণে যে ৰজা‌ হয় চুটিয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰকনো কিহলৈ থৈছোঁ?' এহি বুলি বৰপাত্ৰক মাৰিলে, বামুণকো ‌মাৰিব চালে, সপুত্ৰবান্ধৱে বেহাৰলৈ পলাই গেʼল। " </ref>। এই বৰপাত্ৰ জন হয়টো পুৰণি চুতীয়া বৰপাত্ৰ জনেই আছিল (ডিব্ৰাৰুগড় ৰণত আত্মসমৰ্পণ কৰিব পাৰে) বা‌ একেই পৰিয়ালৰ লোক আছিল‌‌। তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছতে হয়টো "চাও-চেঙলুং" আৰু "বৰপাত্ৰ" উপাধি দুটা মিলি "বৰপাত্ৰগোঁহাই" হিচাপে জনাজাত হয়।<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516963?read-now=1&seq=18#page_scan_tab_contents Guha, Amalendu, ''The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)'',p. 20,''It appears that the noble designation of Barpatragohain was borrowed from the civil list of Habung where the local ruler, a dependent of the Chutia king, had the title of Vrihatpatra''.]</ref> এই‌ সকলো কথাৰ পৰা সহজে ধৰিব পাৰি যে চুহুংমুঙে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া বিষয়া সকলৰ ঠাইতেই একো একোটা নতুন পদবী গঠন কৰিছিল। চুতীয়া বৰপাত্ৰৰ ঠাইত প্ৰথমতে ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁই আৰু পাছলৈ বৰপাত্ৰ গোহাঁই, মাণিক চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাৰ ঠাইত দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই, ডিব্ৰুৰ বুঢ়া বৰুৱাৰ ঠাইত চাওলুং চুলিঙ আৰু শদিয়া-তিনিচুকীয়াত কাচিতৰা বৰুৱা বা ৰজাৰ ঠাইত দুয়ো প্ৰমুখ গোহাঁই। ইয়াৰ পাছত দিহিঙৰ পাৰৰ বকতাত নতুন ৰাজধানী এখন নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হয়।<ref>Ahom Buranji(GC Barua), p.64</ref> [[File:Old course of Dihing river.jpg|thumb|মেপত দিহিং নৈৰ‌ ১৬ শতিকাৰ পুৰণি সুতি দেখোৱা হৈছে। এই সময়ত চৰগুৱা, বকতা, নামৰূপ আৰু তিপাম দিহিঙৰ দক্ষিণ পাৰত অৱস্থিত আছিল]] ==ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰশাসনিক আৰু সামৰিক ব্যৱস্থা== ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ স্থাপত্য আৰু কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন== ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যত পোৱা সম্পদ== চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা কমাৰ, সোণাৰি, কমাৰ, কুমাৰ, কহাৰ, তাতি, খনিকৰ, বাঢ়ৈ, বামুণ, কায়স্থ, গণক, কলিতা, ইত্যাদি বহুতো ভিন্ন ভিন্ন‌‌ বৃক্তিকৰ লোক পোৱা‌ গৈছিল। ইয়াৰ বহুতো লোকক ৰজাই নিজৰ ৰাজধানী লৈ লয় আনে।‌ চুতীয়াৰ বাহিৰে মিচিং‌,‌ দেউৰী, কিছু মৰাণ আৰু কোচ জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকো চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ নাগৰিক আছিল। তাৰে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ মিচিং সকলক "চুতীয়া মিৰি" কোৱা‌ হৈছিল যি‌ সকল আজিৰ দিনৰ বাৰগাম মিচিং যেনে দলে, পেগু, পায়েং, টাইদ, ইত্যাদি। চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ শুকান মাংসৰ ভৰালী জন কোচ লোক আছিল। তিনি হাজাৰ চুতীয়া কমাৰক চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই যোৰহাট জিলাৰ বছাৰ পিনে আৰু তাৰে উজনি অঞ্চলত বহুৱাইছিল<ref>Sarma, Benudhar, ''Maniram Dewan, p.287</ref>। বন্দী হোৱা লোকৰ পৰা বিভিন্ন "চেতিয়া" খেল/বংশও সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ বাহিৰে শদিয়াত বহুতো সম্পদ যেনে সোণৰ মাইহাং, কেকুৰা দোলা,‌‌ কলাই খাৰ,‌‌ সোণৰ তিনিচুকীয়া সিংহাসন, খাট, ভোগজৰা, বেলা, জাপি, পিকদান, আৰোৱান, দবা, কালি, হিলৈ, বৰটোপ (মিঠাহুলোং),‌ হিলৈ-তোলা চৰা নাও, চুতীয়া ধেনু, বৰধেনু, বাৰু-বৰ্চা, ইত্যাদি পোৱা গৈছিল। বহুতো ঘোৰা, গৰু-মʼহ আৰু হাতীও লাভ কৰা হৈছিল। সম্পদ সমূহ শদিয়াৰ পৰা দিহিং নৈয়ে দি ৰাজধানী‌ লৈ অনা হয় ‌আৰু পাছলৈ চাৰিং অঞ্চলত ৰখা হয়। এখিনি চুতীয়া লোকক চাৰিঙত পাতি নাওবৈচা খেল সৃষ্টি কৰে,‌ য'ৰ পৰা পাছলৈ শেনচোৱা, তাঙোন ধৰা, বচোৱাল বোৱা, ইত্যাদি খেলৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। এই নাওবৈচা সকলে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা পোৱা চৰানাও চলাই। একেধৰণে এখিনি লোকক লয় হিলৈধাৰী ফৈদ গঠন কৰা হৈছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছত আহোম সকলে প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে মিৰি, মিচিমি, আবৰ, দফলা, ইত্যাদি পাহাৰীয়া জাতিৰ সম্পৰ্কত আহে।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji,p.14, 61</ref> ==ৰজা সকলৰ তালিকা== {|class="wikitable" |+ '''ৰজাৰ তালিকাত''' |- ! # ! বছৰ ! ৰাজত্ব কাল ! নাম ! অন্য নাম |---- | ১. | ১১৮৭ - ১২২০ | ৩৩ ব | বীৰপাল | গয়াপাল |---- | ২. | ১২২০ - ১২৫৫ | ৩৫ ব | [[ৰত্নধ্বজপাল]] | গৌৰীনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৩. | ১২৫৫ - ১২৭০ | ১৫ ব | বিজয়ধ্বজপাল | শিৱনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৪. | ১২৭০ - ১২৮৫ | ১৫ ব | বিক্ৰমধ্বজপাল | জগতনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৫. | ১২৮৫ - ১৩০৫ | ২০ ব | গৌৰধ্বজপাল | প্ৰমত্তনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৬. | ১৩০৫ - ১৩২৫ | ২০ ব | শঙ্খধ্বজপাল | হৰিনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৭. | ১৩২৫ - ১৩৪৩ | ১৮ ব | ময়ূৰধ্বজপাল | গোলোকনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৮. | ১৩৪৩ - ১৩৬০ |১৭ ব | জয়ধ্বজপাল | বজ্ৰনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৯. | ১৩৬০ - ১৩৮০ | ২০ ব | কৰ্মধ্বজপাল | নন্দেশ্বৰ/নন্দিনৃপ |---- | ১০. | ১৩৮০ - ১৪০০ | ২০ ব | সত্যনাৰায়ণ | ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ |---- | ১১. | ১৪০০ - ১৪১৫ | ১৫ ব | লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণ | ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ |---- | ১২. | ১৪১৫ - ১৪৩০ | ১৫ ব | দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৩. | ১৪৩০- ১৪৪৫ | ১৫ ব | মুক্তধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৪. | ১৪৪৫ - ১৪৬৫ | ২০ ব | প্ৰত্যক্ষনাৰায়ণ/প্ৰতাপনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৫. | ১৪৬৫ - ১৪৮০ | ১৫ ব | যশনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৬. | ১৪৮০- ১৫০০ | ২০ ব | পুৰন্দৰধ্বজপাল | পুৰন্দৰনাৰায়ণ |---- | ১৭. | ১৫০০ - ১৫২২ | ২২ ব | ধৰ্মধ্বজপাল | [[ধীৰনাৰায়ণ]] |---- | ১৮. | ১৫২২ - ১৫২৪ | ২ ব | নীতিপাল/নিত্যপাল | চন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণ |} ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ হিলৈ-বৰতোপৰ প্ৰচলন== হিলৈ-বৰতোপ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ এক মূল্যৱান উন্নত অস্ত্ৰ আছিল। এই ৰাজ্যৰ হিলৈ-বৰতোপৰ প্ৰচলনৰ কথা বহুতো ঐতিহাসিক তথ্য পোৱা যায়। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে আহোম ৰজাই চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী শদিয়াৰ পৰা আন সম্পদৰ লগতে হিলৈ<ref>Bhuyan, S.K,"Deodhai Assam Buranji", p. 126</ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K,"Assam Buranji(SM), p.10</ref><ref>হিতেশ্বৰ বৰবৰুৱা, আহোমৰ দিন, p.49</ref> আৰু হিলৈ তোলা চ'ৰানাও উদ্ধাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>Phukan, Kasinath Tamuli, "Assam Buranji",p.17-18</ref><ref>Bhuyan,S.K,"Satsari Buranji,p.135</ref> মনিৰাম‌ দেৱানৰ লেখনীৰ মতে "মিঠা হুলং" বৰটোপ টো চুতীয়া সকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল।<ref>Sharma, Benudhar.''Maniram Dewan, p.289.''</ref> তেওঁ লিখিছে, ''"ওপৰত যিকেইটা তোপৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছে তাৰ ভিতৰত মিঠাহোলোং বোলাবিধ পোন-প্ৰথমতে দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাই চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ পৰা পায়।"'' চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাই ৩০০০ চুতীয়া কমাৰক গোলাঘাট-যোৰহাট জিলাত সংস্থাপিত কৰি বৰটোপ-হিলৈ, ইত্যাদি বনাবলৈ আদেশ দিছিল। মনিৰাম দেৱানে উল্লেখ কৰিছে,‌ {{blockquote|"তেওঁ বিলাকৰ(চুতীয়াৰ) পৰা ভালেমান দোলা, কালী,...,হিলৈ আৰু কলাই খাৰৰ(gunpowder) বাদেও অসংখ্য কমাৰ কাম কৰা মানুহ বন্দী কৰি আনে। ৰজাই তেওঁবিলাকৰ কিছুমানক বচাৰ পিনে আৰু কিছুমানক উজনিৰ পিনে বহুৱালে আৰু কমাৰ শাল পতাই লো-দা-কটাৰী, হিলৈ, বৰতোপ আদি গঢ়িবলৈ আহিলাপাতি যতাই দিলে। তেওঁ বিলাকৰ ভিতৰত কামৰ ভাল-বেয়া চাবলৈ হাজৰিকা, শইকীয়াও পাতি দিলে।‌ দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাৰ দিনৰ পৰাহে অসম ৰাজ্যত(আহোম ৰাজ্যত) কমাৰৰ খেল আৰু ব্যৱসায় চলন্তি হয়। দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাৰ দিনত অসমত ৩০০০ কমাৰ আছিল।"}} [[File:Ahom cannons.jpg|thumb|আহোম যুগৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা উদ্ধাৰ কৰা মিঠাহুলং বৰটোপ]] ইতিহাসবিদ হিতেশ্বৰ বৰবৰুৱাই নিজৰ গ্ৰন্থ "আহোমৰ দিন"ত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে চুহুংমুঙৰ দিনত চুতীয়াৰ পৰা বৰতোপ-হিলৈ অধিকাৰ কৰাৰ পাছৰপৰাহে আহোম ৰজাসকলে অসমত আগ্নেয় অস্ত্ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ ধৰে।<ref>হিতেশ্বৰ বৰবৰুৱা, আহোমৰ দিন, p.451</ref> চুতীয়াৰ পৰাজয়ৰ পাছত গৌড় ৰাজ্যৰ সেনাই ১৫২৭ আৰু ১৫৩২ত দুবাৰকৈ অসম আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল। এই যুদ্ধত গৌড় সেনাই হিলৈ-বৰটোপ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল যদিও আহোম সেনাই কেৱল ধেনু কাঁড় হে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। অৱশ্যে এই যুদ্ধতো আহোম সেনাই বহুতো হিলৈ-বৰটোপ উদ্ধাৰ কৰিছিল‌।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji", p. 61-68</ref> ১৫৩৬ চনত নগা বিৰুদ্ধে হোৱা ৰণত প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে আহোম সৈন্যৰ হাতত বৰটোপ থকা কথা উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji", p. 75</ref> তদুপৰি আহোম সেনাই ১৬১৭ চনত মোগলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে হে প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে হিলৈ-বৰটোপ ব্যবহাৰ কৰিব লৈছিল বুলি জনা যায়<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji", p. 75</ref>। নাওবৈচা ফুকনৰ বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে খোৰা ৰজাৰ দিনত(১৫৫২-১৬০৩) প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে চুতীয়া লোকক নিযুক্তি দি হিলৈদাৰী ফৈদ গঠন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>নাওবৈচা ফুকনৰ বুৰঞ্জী, p.55</ref><ref>The Chutiyas being expert warrior knew the use of matchlocks. After their subjugation, the Chutiyas were, therefore engaged in manufacturing matchlocks and they became prominent in the ''Hiloidhari-Khel'' (guild for manufacturing matchlocks)"{{harvcol|Dutta|1985|p=30}}</ref> হেমকোষ অভিধানত চুতীয়া সকলৰ হিলৈক "চুতীয়া হিলৈ" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। বৃটিছৰ ১৮৯১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লত "হিলেদাৰী"ৰ বাহিৰেও "চুতীয়া-হিলৈদাৰী" বুলি এটা পৃথক খেল/শ্ৰেণীৰ উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। এই সকলে হয়টো ৰণত "চুতীয়া হিলৈ" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YvV-VI_2YRkC&pg=PR67&dq=sutiyahilaidari&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiiqITCufiRAxXdwTgGHeU5KJcQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false Census of India 1891, p. 17]</ref> ==চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহ== ১৫২৪ চনত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন হৈছিল যদিও চুতীয়া সকলৰ মনৰ পৰা স্বাধীনতা আৰু স্বৰাজৰ আশা নাইকিয়া হৈ যোৱা নাছিল। চিৰদিন স্বাধীন হৈ থকা চুতীয়া সকলে বীৰাঙ্গণা ৰাণী সাধনীৰ আত্মোৎসৰ্গৰ কথা সোঁৱৰি পুনৰ জাগ্ৰত হৈ উঠিল আৰু বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰিলে। এই বিদ্ৰোহ ১৫২৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৭০০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ লৈকে চলিছিল। ১৭৭০ দখকৰ মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহে জাতিটোৰ শেষ বিদ্ৰোহ বুলি কব পাৰি যাৰ ফলত সকলো নহলেও এটা অংশয়ে স্বাধীন হৈ নিজৰ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী শদিয়া ধ্বংস হোৱাৰ ফলত বহুতো ৰাজকোঁৱৰ আৰু সম্ভ্ৰান্ত পৰিয়ালৰ লোকে পাহাৰীয়া মিচিং, মিচিমি জাতিৰ লোক সকলৰ মাজত আশ্ৰয় লৈছিল আৰু প্ৰথম বিদ্ৰোহ এই সকল লোকে আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। এই কথা কোচ ৰজা সকলৰ দৰং ৰাজ বংশাৱলীতো উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। <poem>"পূৰ্বে চুটিয়াৰ ৰজা সিঠাৱে আছিল। অন্যায়ে অসম ছল কৰিয়া মাৰিলে॥ যিমতে মাৰিল তাৰ শুনিয়ো কাহিনী। বলে নপাৰিয়া স্বৰ্গী ৰাজা মনে গুণি॥ ৩৬৪ ... তাৰ পুত্ৰ ভাই যত সকলে পলাইল। মিৰি মিচিমিত পশি প্ৰাণক ৰাখিলা॥ চুটিয়াৰ ৰাজাক মাৰিয়া ছলে বলে। লৈলা সেহি ৰাজ্যক অসমে কৌতূহলে॥ ৩৭১</poem> * ১৫২৬ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া চুতীয়া সকলে প্ৰথম বিদ্ৰোহ ১৫২৬ চনৰ ফাগুন মাহত ৰাজধানী শদিয়াত ঘোষণা কৰিছিল, অৰ্থাৎ ৰাজ্য পতনৰ ৩ বছৰৰ পাছত। বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ আৰু ফ্ৰাচেংমুং বৰগোহাঁইক সহযোগ কৰিবলৈ দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁইক পঠিওৱা হৈছিল। যুদ্ধত বিদ্ৰোহী সকলৰ হাতত ফ্ৰাচেংমুং বৰগোহাঁইৰ হাতী প্লাইপাম আৰু দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই মৰা পৰিছিল। কিন্তু শেষ পৰ্যায়ত বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হৈ উভতি যাবলৈ বাধ্য হ'ল। এই বিদ্ৰোহৰ ফলত চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই বহুতো প্ৰশাসনীয় পৰিবৰ্তন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হৈছিল। ১৫২৭ চনৰ জেঠ মাহত, ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলত নতুন এখন প্ৰদেশ গঠন কৰি তাত চাওলুং চুলিঙক শাসনকৰ্তা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হৈছিল, যাতে শদিয়া অঞ্চলত পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ হ'লে ডিব্ৰু প্ৰদেশৰ সেনাই শদিয়া বাহিনীৰ সহযোগ কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক "থাও-মুঙ-বঙেন" পাতি পশ্চিম শদিয়া অঞ্চলত (তিনিচুকীয়াৰ সোণাৰিৰ(কাংখাম) পৰা লুহিত নদীৰ গুৰি লৈকে) শাসন কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হ'ল। * ১৫২৯ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া প্ৰথম বিদ্ৰোহৰ দুবছৰ পাছতে ১৫২৯ চনৰ পুহ মাহত শদিয়াৰ চুতীয়া সকলে আকৌ মুৰ দাঙি উঠিলে। এইবাৰ চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙক সহযোগ কৰিবলৈ চাও চুক্লান (তিপামৰ পৰা) আৰু কিংলুনক সহযোগ কৰিবলৈ চাওলুং চুলিঙক (ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ পৰা) পঠিয়ালে। ইয়াৰ পাছত চুহুংমুঙে চুক্লেংমুঙ ৰাজকোঁৱৰক ৰাজধানীত ৰাখি সকলো বিষয়ববীয়াৰ সৈতে নিজে শদিয়া আহি উপস্থিত হয়। লুহিতৰ পাৰত, ডিবাং নৈৰ পাৰত, মাৰানকাও, চন্দনগিৰি পৰ্বত, দৈথাং পৰ্বত, ইত্যাদি বিভিন্ন ঠাইত কেইবাখনো যুদ্ধ হয়। প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ত বিদ্ৰোহী সকলে চাও চুলিঙক ধৰি নিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল কিন্তু পাছৰ পৰ্যায়ত এৰি দিলে। বহু মাহ যুদ্ধ লগা পাছত শেষত বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হ'ল। যুদ্ধত লাভ কৰা সকলো ধন আৰু সম্পত্তি ৰজা আৰু মন্ত্ৰী সকলে নিজৰ মাজতে ভাগ কৰি ল'লে আৰু ৰজাই বৰগোহাঁই আৰু বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক শদিয়াত ৰাখি নিজে ৰাজধানী লৈ ঘূৰি গ'ল। * ১৫৪২ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, দিচাং নৈৰ পাৰত চুতীয়া সকলে পুনৰ বাৰ ১৫৪২ চনত ৰজা চুক্লেংমুঙৰ দিনত বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰে কৰিছিল। এইবাৰ ১৫৪২ চনৰ বহাগ মাহত ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে শিৱসাগৰৰ দিচাং নৈৰ ওচৰত আহোম মন্ত্ৰী চেং-হাননক পৰাস্ত কৰি স্বৰাজ ঘোষণা কৰে। কিন্তু ইয়াৰ পাছতে চুক্লেংমুঙে চাওলুং তিমাক বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ পঠিয়াই আৰু দুবছৰ লৈকে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চল ধ্বংস কৰে যাতে কোনো চুতীয়া সকলে পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ কৰিবলৈ সাহস নকৰে। * ১৫৫০ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া ১৫৫০ চনত শদিয়াখোৱা গোহাঁইৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত, কংসপাত্ৰ নামৰ চুতীয়া নায়ক এজনে শদিয়াত বিদ্ৰোহ কৰি নিজকে ৰজা বুলি ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ বহুতো ৰাজকোঁৱৰে তেওঁক সহযোগ কৰিছিল আৰু শদিয়াত উপস্থিত হৈ আহোম ৰজাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ কৰিবলৈ সাজু হৈছিল। এই যুদ্ধ ৩ বছৰ লৈকে চলিছিল আৰু শেষত কংসপাত্ৰৰ লগতে বহুতো চুতীয়াই মৃত্যু বৰণ কৰিছিল। ৰাজকোঁৱৰ সকলৰ ভিতৰত কিছুমানৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল আৰু বাকী থকা সকলক বন্দী বনাই পাছলৈ চাৰিঙত থাকিবলৈ দিয়া হৈছিল। * ১৫৬৫ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, নামৰূপ আৰু খেৰাম ১৫৬৫ চনৰ মাঘ মাহত ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰি নামৰূপ আৰু খেৰাম(বৰ্তমান ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰৰ খেৰেমীয়া) অঞ্চলৰ আহোম গাঁও সমূহ আক্ৰমণ কৰি লুণ্ঠন কৰিছিল। ৰজাই বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ চাওলুং তিপামক পঠিয়াইছিল। বিদ্ৰোহী সকলৰ লগত হোৱা যুদ্ধত চাওলুং তিমাৰ হাতী আহত হৈছিল যাৰ বাবে তেওঁ যুদ্ধ এৰি দিহিং পাৰ হৈ উভতি আহে। ইয়াৰ পাছত বিদ্ৰোহৰ কি পৰিণতি হ'ল গম পোৱা নাযায়। সম্ভৱতঃ পাছলৈ বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰা হৈছিল। * ১৫৭২ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া ১৫৭২ চনত পুনৰ বাব চুতীয়া সেনাপতি এজনৰ নেতৃত্বত শদিয়া অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে মুৰ দাঙি উঠে। বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ চাওলুং চাৰিং, চাওফ্ৰাংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই, শদিয়া খোৱা গোঁহাই, ইত্যাদি বহুতো বিষয়ববীয়াক পঠিওৱা হৈছিল। আহোম সেনাৰ তুলনাত বিদ্ৰোহী সকলৰ সংখ্যা কম থকাৰ বাবে বিদ্ৰোহী সকল কানচাই আৰু পুখুৰীখনা নামৰ অঞ্চল লৈ আতঁৰি আহিছিল আৰু সেই অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলৰ সহযোগত পুনৰ ৰণ কৰিছিল। কিন্তু দুৰ্ভাগ্যবশতঃ বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হৈছিল। চুতীয়া সেনাপতি, কানচাইৰ মুখিয়াল আৰু অন্য বহুতো চুতীয়া সৈন্যক বন্দী বনাই ৰাজধানী লৈ লয় অনা হৈছিল। * ১৬৬৫ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, উত্তৰ পাৰ ১৬৬৫ চনত আহোম সেনা নগা সকলৰ লগত হোৱা যুদ্ধত ব্যস্ত আছিল। এই সুযোগ লয়, উত্তৰ পাৰৰ লখিমপুৰৰ এখিনি চুতীয়া লোকে মিৰি আৰু দফলা লোকৰ লগত মিলি বিদ্ৰোহ কৰিছিল। কিন্তু বিদ্ৰোহ সফল নহ'ল। * ১৬৭৩ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, উত্তৰ পাৰ ১৬৭৩ চনত ধেমাজি অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰি ৰূপা(বৰ্তমানৰ ৰূপহী) আৰু ডিমৌ(বৰ্তমানৰ ধেমাজিৰ ডিমৌ) মিৰি সকলে আহোম ৰজাক কৰ হিচাপে দিয়া মাৰ নাও তোলাই লৈ গৈছিল। এই কথা শুনি আহোম ৰজাই চুতীয়া অঞ্চললৈ কটকী পঠিয়াই নাও সমূহ ঘূৰাই দিবলৈ আদেশ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু চুতীয়া সকলে আদেশ নামানিলে। ইয়াৰ পাছত সকলো চুতীয়া দেউলীয়া নামৰ গাঁৱ এখনত একগোট হৈছিল। কটকীৰ খবৰ পাই আহোম ৰজাই তিনিমুখিয়া অঞ্চলত থকা নাৰাই নামৰ চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহী নেতা জনক ধৰি আনিবলৈ সৈনিক পঠিয়ালে। ইয়াৰ পাছত ৰজাই শদিয়াখোৱা গোঁহাই আৰু মৰঙ্গীখোৱা গোহাঁইক চেঁচামুখত গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰি যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সাজু হ'বলৈ আদেশ দিলে। দিহিং নদীৰ পাৰত আন এটা গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হ'ল। তাৰ পাছত আহোম সেনাই দিহিং পাৰ হৈ মাজুলী হৈ চুতীয়া গাঁৱলৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহিল। চুতীয়া সকলেও হাতত ধেনু-কাড় লয় দেউলীয়া গাঁৱৰ পৰা মিৰি গাঁৱ এখনলৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহিলে। আহোম ৰজাই পুনৰ চুতীয়া সকলৰ ওচৰলৈ কটকী পঠিয়াইলে। চুতীয়া বৰুৱা জনে অৱশেষত বশ্যতা স্বীকাৰ কৰিলে, কিন্তু নিজৰ গৰু-ছাগলী, হাঁহ-কুকুৰ, ইত্যাদি সকলো হেৰুৱালে। নাৰাই আৰু অন্য চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহী নেতা সকলক মদ্যপান কৰোৱাই পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ নকৰিবলৈ প্ৰতিজ্ঞা কৰালে। সবল আৰু শক্তিশালী চুতীয়া সৈনিক সকলৰ বন্দী বনোৱা হ'ল আৰু অন্য চুতীয়া সকলক প্ৰতি বছৰে কৰ হিচাপে নাও দিবলৈ আদেশ দিয়া হ'ল। * ১৭৬৯-১৮০৫ চনৰ মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহ মায়ামৰা ধৰ্মীয় চুতীয়া সকলে ১৭৬৯ চনত আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰি ১৭৯১ লৈকে বেংমৰা নামৰ পৃথক ৰাজ্য এখন গঠন কৰিছিল। মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহত ভাগ লোৱা জনগোষ্ঠী সমূহৰ মাজত দ্বিতীয় সৰ্বাধিক লোক চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠীৰ আছিল। বেংমৰা ৰাজ্যৰ ৰজা সৰ্বানন্দ সিংহ বীৰপালৰ বংশৰ বুৰুক চুতীয়া ৰাজপৰিয়ালৰ লোক আছিল। হয়তো ১৫২৫ চনত ৰাজ্য হেৰুৱা চুতীয়া ৰাজপৰিয়াল টোৱে সৰুকৈ হ'লেও পুনৰ বাৰ ৰাজ্য ৰাজত্ব কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। * ১৭৭৫ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, ডিব্ৰু-দিহিং অঞ্চল মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহ হৈ থাকোঁতে ডিব্ৰু-দিহিংৰ মাজৰ অঞ্চলৰ একাংশ চুতীয়াই বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। টাই ভাষাৰ "আহোম বুৰঞ্জী" নামৰ গ্ৰন্থত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ সীমান্ত অঞ্চলৰ খামজাং প্ৰদেশৰ পৰা নঙাখাম নামৰ নৰা মুখিয়ালৰ লগত ধৰা সকলে আহি বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। এই বিদ্ৰোহত চুতীয়া সকলে নৰা সকলক সহযোগ কৰিছিল। নৰা মুখিয়াল জনে ১৭৭৫ চনত চুতীয়া সকলৰ সহযোগত হাটখোৱা গোহাঁইক পৰাস্ত কৰি নিজকে ডিব্ৰু নৈৰ কাষৰ অঞ্চলৰ ৰজা বুলি ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। ৰজা হৈ নঙাখামে চুতীয়া আৰু বাৰেচিৰিঙীয়া সকলৰ মাজৰ পৰাই ফুকন আৰু বৰুৱা নিযুক্ত কৰিছিল। আহোম ৰজাই নঙাখাম আৰু চুতীয়া সকলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বুঢ়াগোহাঁইৰ নেতৃত্বত ৪০ হাজাৰ সৈন্য পঠিয়াইছিল। সেনা সকলে আহি ৰঙাগড়াত(বৰ্তমানৰ ডিব্ৰু-চৈখোৱাৰ দক্ষিণত) উপস্থিত হৈছিল। ইয়াত পাছত তেজী আৰু দিহিং নৈৰ পাৰত যুদ্ধ হৈছিল। বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হৈ আতৰি গৈছিল। নৰা সকলে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলত আশ্ৰয় লয় আৰু চুতীয়া সকলে ধূনাগুৰি নামৰ ঠাই এদখৰত আশ্ৰয় লয়। বহুতো চুতীয়া, বাৰেচিৰিং আৰু নৰা বিদ্ৰোহীক ৰাজধানী ৰংপুৰলৈ লয় অনা হয়। তাৰে কিছুমানক মৃত্যু দণ্ড দিয়া হৈছিল আৰু আন সকলক বন্দী হিচাপে ৰখা হৈছিল।<ref>Barua, G.C, "Ahom Buranji, p. 331-333</ref> ==অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰভাব== ==আৰু চাওক== * [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী]] * [[সতী সাধনী]] ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} * {{cite book | last = Gait | first = Edward | title = A History of Assam | publisher = Thacker, Spink & Co. | date = 1906 | location = Calcutta | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=w-6kr1IyHJkC}} *{{Cite journal|last=Neog|first=Maheswar|title=Light on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries|date=1977|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|volume=58/59|pages=813–820|jstor=41691751|issn=0378-1143}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{অসম বুৰঞ্জী}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ইতিহাস]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ সাম্ৰাজ্য আৰু ৰাজ্য]] kqir0vf1i0w2lsxtr7a8epxem3c5kc6 608809 608745 2026-05-26T08:33:30Z CommonsDelinker 118 Removing [[:c:File:Old_course_of_Dihing_river.jpg|Old_course_of_Dihing_river.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Non-free image uploaded by mistake. 608809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = সধয়া/স্বধয়া |conventional_long_name = চুতীয়া সাম্ৰাজ্য |common_name= স্বধয়া, সধয়া |year_start = ১১৮৭ |date_start = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event_end = |year_end = ১৫২৪ |date_end = ৭ বহাগ |p1 = কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য |flag_p1 = Copper Plate Seal of Kamarupa Kings.jpg |s1 = আহোম ৰাজ্য |flag_s1 = |image_flag = |flag_type = |image_map = Chutia kingdom Map.png |image_map_caption = চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ মানচিত্ৰ | image_coat = Chutia royal Insignia.png | coat_alt = ৰাজকীয় প্ৰতীক |capital = [[শদিয়া|সধয়াপুৰ/স্বধয়াপুৰ]] |common_languages = চুতীয়া ভাষা (ৰাজকীয়)</br>[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]] (ৰাজ্যিক) |religion = জনজাতীয় তান্ত্ৰিক (ৰাজকীয় আৰু প্ৰজা)</br> হিন্দু (একাংশ প্ৰজা) |government_type = ৰাজতন্ত্ৰ |leader1 = বীৰপাল/গয়াপাল |year_leader1 = ১১৮৭-১২২০ |leader2 = [[ৰত্নধ্বজপাল]]/গৌৰী নাৰায়ণ |year_leader2 = ১২৩০-১২৬০ |leader3 = ধৰ্মধ্বজপাল/[[ধীৰনাৰায়ণ]] |year_leader3 = ১৫২০-১৫২২ |leader4 = নীতিপাল/চন্দ্ৰ নাৰায়ণ(অন্তিম) |year_leader4 = ১৫২২-১৫২৪ |title_leader = সধেয়াধিপতি (নাৰায়ণ/পাল) |legislature = |today = [[অসম]], [[অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ]], [[ভাৰত]] |}} '''চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য''' ({{lang-en|Sutiya kingdom}}) আছিল ত্ৰয়োদশ শতিকাত [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ]]ৰ উত্তৰ পাৰে দিকাৰাই নদী<ref>Acharya,N.N.,"The history of Medieval Assam",p.232</ref><ref>William Robinson, "A descriptive account of Assam",p.323.</ref><ref>Dutta, Sristidhar, "The Mataks and their kingdom,p.28</ref> আৰু দক্ষিণ পাৰে [[দিচাং নদী]]ৰ মাজত গঠন হোৱা এক বিশাল সাম্ৰাজ্য<ref name="চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য">{{cite web | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MdjO3XVk0MAC&pg=PA84&dq=chutia+kingdom+disang&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKlpXszLqUAxWgUGwGHemuBhUQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=chutia%20kingdom%20disang&f=false Pathak, Guptajit, Assam's History and it's Graphics, p.84}}</ref>। এই ৰাজ্য বৰ্তমানৰ [[অসম]]ৰ [[ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলা|ডিব্ৰুগড়]], [[লখিমপুৰ জিলা|লখিমপুৰ]], [[ধেমাজি জিলা|ধেমাজি]], [[তিনিচুকীয়া জিলা|তিনিচুকীয়া]], [[বিশ্বনাথ জিলা|বিশ্বনাথ]], [[মাজুলী জিলা|মাজুলী]] জিলাকে ধৰি‌ [[শিৱসাগৰ জিলা]]ৰ এটা অংশ আৰু [[অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ]]ৰ ভৈয়াম আৰু দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত বিয়পি আছিল। ইতিহাসবিদ সকলৰ মতে উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ মধ্যযুগৰ সকলো ৰাজ্যৰ ভিতৰত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যখনে আটাইতকৈ উন্নত আৰু প্ৰগতিশীল ৰাজ্য আছিল।<ref>Guha, Amalendu (December 1983), "The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)", p.5, "The period from the 13th to the 16th century saw the emergence and development of a large number of tribal political formations in north-east India. The Chutiya, the Tai-Ahom, the Koch, the Dimasa (Kachari), the Tripuri, the Meithei (Manipuri), the Khasi (Khyriem) and the Pamar (Jaintia)—all these tribes crystallised into rudimentary state formations by the 15th century. The most developed of the tribes in the 15th century were the Chutiyas."</ref> ১১৮৭ চনত বীৰপালে শদিয়াক ৰাজধানী পাতি উত্তৰ-পূব অসম আৰু অৰুণাচলৰ কিছু অঞ্চল লয় চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য স্থাপন কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ গৌৰী নাৰায়ণে সকলো চুতীয়াক একত্ৰিত কৰি এখন বৃহৎ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল। উজনি অসমৰ শিৱসাগৰ(দক্ষিণ পাৰ) আৰু বিশ্বনাথ(উত্তৰ পাৰ) জিলাৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি পূব দিশত অৰুণাচলৰ পাহাৰৰ লৈকে এসময়ত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত প্ৰায় সোতৰজন ৰজাই এই সাম্ৰাজ্য চলাইছিল। [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য]] ধ্বংস হোৱাৰ লগে লগে অসমৰ উত্তৰ-পূবত চুতীয়াসকল, পশ্চিম দিশে বাৰভূঞা আৰু কমতা ৰাজ্য ক্ষমতালৈ আহিছিল<ref name="চুতীয়া ৰজা">{{cite web | url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaChutiyas.htm | title=চুতীয়া ৰজা | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref>। ১৪ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালে চুতীয়া ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণে কামৰূপ আক্ৰমণ কৰা মুচলমান সকলক (সম্ভৱতঃ ১৩৮৯ত কামৰূপ দখল কৰা ঘিয়াছুদ্দিন শাহ) পৰাস্ত কৰি [[কমতা ৰাজ্য|কমতাপুৰত]] ৰজা হৈছিল আৰু কামৰূপ ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ পাছত পোণপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে [[শদিয়া]]ৰ পৰা [[বংগ|উত্তৰ বংগ]]ৰ [[কৰতোৱা নদী|কৰতয়া]] নৈ লৈকে এখন বৃহৎ [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য|বৰ-কামৰূপ]] ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> অসমৰ স্থানীয় জনজাতিসকলৰ মাজত চুতীয়াসকল অন্যতম। চুতীয়া সকল কছাৰী গোষ্ঠীৰ লোক আছিল আৰু এটা সময়ত তিব্বত-বাৰ্মীজ ভাষা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজকীয় তথা ধৰ্মীয় ভাষা বৰ্তমানৰ [[দেউৰী ভাষা]]। বৃটিছৰ দিনত এই ভাষাক ''দেউৰী-চুতীয়া'' ভাষা বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। সাম্প্ৰতিক কালত, চুতীয়াসকলে [[অসমীয়া ভাষা]] ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।‌ ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অঞ্চল সমূহ== ===ৰাজধানী অঞ্চল=== [[File:Brick with king Pratyakshnarayan's name.jpg|thumb|ভীষ্মক নগৰ আৰু শদিয়াৰ পদুম পুখুৰীত উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা নৃপতি শ্ৰী শ্ৰী প্ৰত্যক্ষ নাৰায়ৰণ নাম খোদিত থকা ইটা। এই ৰজা জনৰ নাম ঘিলামৰাত উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা সধয়াধিপতি সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ ফলিতো উল্লেখ কৰা আছে।]] চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰ আৰু ৰাজধানী আছিল শদিয়া বা সধয়াপুৰ। চুতীয়া ৰজা সকলে নিজকে সধয়াপুৰেশ্বৰ বা সধয়াধিপতি বুলি চিনাকি দিছিল। <ref>Shin, Jae-eun, Descending from Demons, Ascending to Kshatriyas, p.5.</ref> শদিয়াৰ কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন সমূহতো চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ নাম খোদিত আছে। এতিয়ালৈকে শদিয়া অঞ্চলত চুতীয়া যুগৰ তিনিখন নগৰ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে: ভৈয়ামৰ বৰ-নগৰ আৰু দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰ ৰূক্মীনী নগৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ বুৰঞ্জীৰ চন্দনগিৰি) আৰু ভীষ্মক নগৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ বুৰঞ্জীৰ থাঙগিৰি)। তাৰেই ভীষ্মক নগৰ আৰু ৰুক্মিণী নগৰৰ ইটাত চুতীয়া ৰজা লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণ আৰু প্ৰত্যক্ষ নাৰায়ণৰ নাম খোদিত আছে<ref>Neog, Maheswar, Lights on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh, p.814</ref>। তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী শালৰ ইটাৰ দেৱালখন চুতীয়া ৰজা মুক্ত-ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণে নিৰ্মাণ কৰাইছিল <ref>A Sircar, D.C, Journal of Ancient Indian History, p. 21</ref>। ===উত্তৰ কূলৰ অঞ্চল=== ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰৰ সীমাৰ কথা বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত পোনপটীয়াকৈ উল্লেখ পোৱা নাযায়। তথাপিটো ঐতিহাসিক তথ্যৰ অনুসৰি ইতিহাসবিদ সকলে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য ভৰালী বা দিকৰাই নৈ লৈকে বিস্তৃত আছিল বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>Acharya,N.N.,"The history of Medieval Assam",p.232</ref><ref>William Robinson, "A descriptive account of Assam",p.323.</ref><ref>Dutta, Sristidhar, "The Mataks and their kingdom,p.28</ref> বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত উল্লেখ কৰা আছে যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে ভৰালী‌ নৈ পাৰ হৈ ৰাউতা-তেমনীৰ (আজিৰ দিনৰ দৰং-নগাঁৱৰ অঞ্চল) ভূঞা সকলক বস কৰিছিল<ref>According to ''Purani Assam Buranji'', p.27. the twelve Bara Bhuyans of Rowta-Temani (mid-Assam, on either banks of the Brahmaputra) namely Utai, Tamai, Rai, Sakai, Kausika, Uzir, Laskar, Comdar, Sanatana, Keho, Rambhat and Bhakat with four sub-Bhuyans each, were transported and settled in various places of Uttara-kula (Biswanath, Lakhimpur districts). The Lacam Kalita Bhuyan family was placed at Bahbari(Lakhimpur), while one of them was settled on the river Sonari(Dhakuakhana), and another on the hills. As per ''Satsari Buranji'', p.16, Suhungmung suppressed the Baro-Bhuyans in Rowta. The people of the region were placed under the leadership of the Baro-Bhuyans and re-settled at different places of the kingdom.</ref>। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ভৰালী নদীৰ লৈকে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য বিয়পি আছিল। ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ দিনত বা‌ তাৰো পাছৰ লৈকে এই পশ্চিম সীমা কমতাপুৰৰ লৈকে পাইছিল গৈ। * লখিমপুৰ জিলা: বৰ্তমান লখিমপুৰৰ সোৱনশিৰি অঞ্চলতো চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। চুতীয়া ৰজা সকলে সোৱণশিৰিৰ দুয়োপাৰে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমিদান কৰিছিল। এই অঞ্চল পুৰণি কালত হাবুং বুলি জনা গৈছিল। শদিয়াৰ চেপাখোৱা তামৰ ফলিত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে চুতীয়া ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ আদেশত ১৪২৮ চনত হাবুঙাধিপতি বৃহৎ পাত্ৰয়েই ব্ৰাক্ষ্মণক ভূমিদান কৰিছিল<ref>Neog, Maheswar, Lights on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh, p.818.</ref><ref>Guha, Amalendu, Pre-Ahom Roots and the Medieval State in Assam: A Reply, p. 73, “Habung was a Chutiya dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala”.</ref>। চুতীয়া ৰজা লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণে ১৪০২ চনত সোৱণশিৰিৰ পশ্চিম দিশত(বৰ্তমান লক্ষিমপুৰ নগৰৰ ওচৰত) আৰু ১৩৯২ চনত সত্যনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ধৱলী(বগীনদী) নৈৰ পাৰত ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰিছিল<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.583</ref>। ১৫২২ চনত ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ঢকুৱাখনাত ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰিছিল<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.590</ref>। এই সকলো কথাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে বৰ্তমানৰ লখিমপুৰ জিলাখন সম্পূৰ্ণ ভাবে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল। * ধেমাজি জিলা: ধেমাজি জিলাৰ চিচিবৰগাঁও-বৰদলনি অঞ্চলত বহুতো পুৰণি চুতীয়া যুগৰ ধ্বংসাৱশেষ দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.439</ref>। জোনাইৰ ৰজাখনা অঞ্চলত ১৩-১৪ শতিকাৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ইটাৰ দুৰ্গৰ অৱশেষ পোৱা গৈছিল<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.441; Indian Archaeology 1986-87, p. 22</ref>। বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে সোৱণশিৰি পশ্চিম পিনৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত ১৬৭২ চনত দফলা জনজাতিৰ লোকে আক্ৰমণ কৰি মানুহ ধৰি নিছিল। মানুহ খিনিক মুক্ত কৰাই আনিবলৈ ৰজাই বৰবৰুৱাৰ লগতে চুতীয়া হাজৰিকা আৰু চুতীয়া কাঁড়ী বৰুৱাক পঠিয়াইছিল। এই কথাৰ পৰা ধৰিব পৰা যায় যে চুতীয়া সকলৰ বসতি লক্ষিমপুৰৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰ লৈকে আছিল।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji, p.220</ref><ref>Barbarua, Hiteswar, "Ahomar Din", p.190</ref> বুৰঞ্জীৰ আন এটা খণ্ডত উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে যে ডিক্ৰং অঞ্চলৰ‌ মিৰি লোক সকল এটা সময়ত চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ "হাতী-ঘাহী" লোক আছিল আৰু চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ পাছত এই সকলে আহোম ৰজাক বছৰি কৰ-ভাৰ দিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা ধৰিব পৰা যায় যে এই অঞ্চলো এসয়মত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল।<ref name= "devi">{{cite book |last1=Devi|first1=Lakshmi|title=Ahom-tribal Relations: A Political Study|date=1968|pages=202–203|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVdXAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Assam Book Depot, [Calcutta], Gauhati|OCLC=578753}}</ref> সোৱণশিৰি আৰু চিয়াং নৈৰ মাজত বসবাস কৰা মিচিং লোক সকলক আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙৰ দিনত "চুতীয়া-মিৰি" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছিল কাৰণ এই সকল চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰজা আছিল।<ref name= "devi"></ref> * বিশ্বনাথ জিলা: বিশ্বনাথ জিলা যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল, সেই কথা চুতীয়া যুগৰ কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন সমূহৰ পৰা পুহৰলৈ আহে। চুতীয়া যুগৰ খনিকৰ সকলে কিবা উল্লেখযোগ্য কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন নিৰ্মাণ কৰিলে এক বিশেষ ধৰণৰ চিহ্ন কিছুমান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। বিশ্বনাথ জিলাৰ অৰুণাচল সীমান্তৰ ৰামঘাট দুৰ্গ, নক্সাপৰ্বত দুৰ্গ, বালিজানৰ দুৰ্গ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ পাৰৰ উমাতুমনি দ্বিপ তাৰে প্ৰমাণ। এই সকলো অঞ্চলত দেখা পোৱা হুবহু একেই খনিকৰ চিহ্ন শদিয়াৰ তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী মন্দিৰ, বুঢ়াবুঢ়ী শাল, ইটা পুখুৰী, ইত্যাদি জেগাত দেখিবলৈ পোৱা গৈছে। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে তাম্ৰেশ্বৰীৰ যিখন শিল-ইটাৰ দেৱালত এই চিহ্ন সমূহ খোদিত আছিল, সেই খন চুতীয়া ৰজা মুক্তধৰ্মনাৰায়ণে ১৪৪২ চনত নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল।<ref>A Sircar, D.C, Journal of Ancient Indian History, p. 21; Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.589; Journal of the Asiatic Soceity of Bengal, 1848, p.467</ref> জনা মতে নক্সাপৰ্বত (১৪০০-১৫০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)<ref>Tada, Tage, Archaeological remains of Arunachal Pradesh up to 16th century, p.183</ref> আৰু বুঢ়ৈ দুৰ্গ<ref> Barua, Kanaklal, Early History of Kamrupa, p.271</ref> প্ৰায় একে যুগৰে সৃষ্টি হয়। শদিয়াৰ ৰুক্মিণীনগৰ, গম্চি দূৰ্গ আৰু ভীষ্মক নগৰৰ দৰে বালিজান আৰু নক্সা পৰ্বত দুৰ্গতো শিল ইটাৰ ঘৰৰ ভেটি পোৱা গৈছে। নক্সা পৰ্বত, ইটা দুৰ্গ আৰু ৰামঘাট দুৰ্গৰ শিলৰ ভেটিৰ ওপৰত ইটা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা শৈলী ৰুক্মিণী নগৰ, তাম্ৰেশ্বৰীৰ সীমাৰ দেৱাল আৰু শদিয়াৰ বৰনগৰৰ পুখুৰীত দেখা গৈছে। এই সমূহ তথ্যৰ ভিথিত কনকলাল বৰুৱা আৰু মহেশ্বৰ নেওগ লেখীয়া বিশিষ্ট ইতিহাস বিধে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰিসীমা বিশ্বনাথ জিলা লৈকে থকা কথা স্বীকাৰ কৰিছে।<ref> Barua, Kanaklal, Early History of Kamrupa, p.271-272, "The probability is that these ruins are the traces of a Hindu or Hinduised dynasty of local rulers who ruled over a kingdom to the north of Brahmaputra and extending from the Burai river on the west to Sadiya on the east. The dynasty is evidently the line of Chutia kings who assumed the surname Pala."</ref><ref>Neog, Maheswar, "Lights on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh", p. 218, "If architectural continuity is admitted between the fortifications in the Sadiya region and the Burai river ruin site, it would be possible to believe that the kingdom of these rulers(Chutia) extended as far as the outer limit of Darrang district, in the western most extent of which Ahom conquerors settled the vanquished Chutias in the early part of the sixteenth century."</ref> ইয়াৰ ওপৰিও জনা যায় যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছতেই (অৰ্থাৎ ১৫২৫ চনতে) আহোম ৰজাই উত্তৰ পাৰৰ শদিয়া, ভাটি অঞ্চল (বিশ্বনাথ), হাবুং(লখিমপুৰ) আৰু বানলুং(ধেমাজি) অঞ্চল শাসন কৰিবলৈ নতুনকৈ পদবী সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, Ahom Buranji, p.59-61; Gait, Edward, A history of Assam, p. 86</ref>। গতিকে এই সমূহ অঞ্চল চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল বুলি গ'ম পোৱা যায়। ===দক্ষিণ কূলৰ অঞ্চল=== চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নৈৰ দক্ষিণ পাৰৰ সীমা দিহিং নৈ আছিল। এই কথা বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত স্পষ্টকৈ উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়।<ref>Assam Buranji(SM), p.9</ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Satsari Buranji, p.56</ref> সেই সময়ত মাজুলী দ্বীপ সৃষ্টি হোৱা নাছিল আৰু দিহিং নৈ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ কাষে কাষে বৈ গৈ বৰ্তমান মাজুলীৰ পশ্চিমত লগ হৈছিল। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী চাৰাগুৱা আৰু বকতা<ref>Ahmed, Nasir, Assam-Bengal Trade in the Medieval Period: A Numismatic Perspective, p.170, "they made Bakata(on the banks of Dihing) their capital in the reign of their king Suhungmung Svarga Narayan."; Guha, Amalendu, The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714), p.19.</ref> দিহিং নৈৰ পাৰত অৱস্থিত আছিল। গতিকে এই সকলো কথাৰ পৰা ধৰিব পাৰি যে বৰ্তমানৰ শিৱসাগৰ অঞ্চলৰো এটা অংশ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। ১৫২২ চনত দিহিং মুখৰ যুদ্ধত নীতিপালৰ সৈন্য বাহিনীক পৰাস্ত কৰি আহোম সেণা চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যত প্ৰবেশ কৰিছিল। চুহুংমুঙৰ সৈন্যয়ে চুতীয়া নৌ সেনাক খেদি ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰয়ে দি উজাই আহি ডিব্ৰুমুখত গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ডিব্ৰু মুখ, চেচামুখ, লাৰুপাৰা আৰু সোণাৰীত (তিনিচুকীয়া) পুণৰ ৰণ হৈছিল। গতিকে এই সকলো অঞ্চলতে চুতীয়া সকলৰ বসতি আছিল বুলি ক’ব পৰা যায়। দক্ষিণ সীমান্তত এলেকা তিপাম-নামৰূপ-বৰহাট অঞ্চল আছিল। [[File:Stone inscription of Chutia king Muktadharmanarayana.jpg|thumb|চুতীয়া ৰজা মুক্তধৰ্মনাৰায়ণৰ ১৪৪২ চনৰ শিলৰ লিপি]] * মাজুলী জিলা: বৰ্তমানৰ মাজুলী জিলাখন পূৰ্বতে দিহিং অঞ্চল আছিল। এই‌ মাজুলী জিলাৰ পুব পিনৰ দিহিং নৈৰ মাছক লয় হোৱা বিবাদৰ পৰাই চুতীয়া-আহোমৰ যুদ্ধৰ পাতনি মেলে।‌ ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই মাজুলীৰ দিহিং মুখ, চেৰুৱাকতা আৰু চিৰা-আটি অঞ্চলত আহোমৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰে। শেষত ১৫২৩ চনত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে এই অঞ্চল চুতীয়াৰ পৰা দখল কৰে। * ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলা: বৰ্তমানৰ ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলাৰ প্ৰায় ভাগ ভূমি সেই সময়ত দিহিং নৈৰ উত্তৰত আছিল। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা জনা যায় হে দিহিঙৰ আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ সীমাৰ ওচৰতো চুতীয়া লোকৰ বসতি আছিল। আহোমৰ চোম-চিৰিং, খাতোৱাল চেতিয়া, চাংচাই, ইত্যাদি বংশৰ ওপৰি পুৰুষ সকলক‌ চুকাফাই‌ ওচৰৰ চুতীয়া গাঁও মাৰি অনা লোক। আহোম ৰজা চুতুফাকো চাফ্ৰাই নৈৰ ওচৰত চুতীয়া লোক এইখিনিয়ে বধ কৰিছিল।‌ ১৫২৩ চনত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ডিব্ৰু অঞ্চলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰি আহোম সেনাই গড় সাজিছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখৰ‌ কৰাৰ পাছত ১৫২৬ চনত দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই পদবী সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়। চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহৰ ফলত ডিব্ৰুগড়ত নতুন এখন প্ৰদেশ(''মৌঙ-তিফাও'') গঠন কৰি ১৫২৭ত চাওলুং চুলিঙক শাসনকৰ্তা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়। Thermo luminescence (TL) পদ্ধতিৰে ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ মৌৰামৰা দৌলৰ ওপৰত কৰা datingৰ অনুসৰি ইটাৰ দৌলটো ১৩-১৪ শতিকাৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ দিনত নিৰ্মিত<ref>Saikia, R.R,"Chronological and Archaeometric Evaluation of Bricks from Archaeological Sites of Upper Assam, Northeast India: Estimation of the Firing Temperature and Civilization History", p.17</ref>। গতিকে এই সকলো তথ্যৰ ভিত্তিত গম পোৱা যায় যে প্ৰায় গোটেই খন ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলাই চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। * তিনিচুকীয়া জিল: তিনিচুকীয়া জিলাৰ অধিকাংশ ভূমি চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল যদিও পূব দিশৰ এটা অংশ মৰাণ মুখিয়াল আৰু আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দিহিং নৈৰ পশ্চিম পাৰে বিস্তৃত আছিল বুলি জনা যায়। সেই সময়ত দিহিং নৈ বৰ্তমানৰ সুতিতকৈ কেই কিলোমিটাৰমান পশ্চিমলৈ বৈ গৈছিল। পেঙেৰী, ডিগবৈ, জয়পুৰ, তিপাম, ইত্যাদি অঞ্চল দিহিঙৰ পূবত আছিল। এই অঞ্চল সমূহ বৃটিছৰ দিনৰ লৈকে হাবি অৰণ্যৰে ভৰি আছিল য'ত মৰাণ লোক সকলে হাবি কাটি ঝুম খেতি কৰিছিল আৰু সময়ে সময়ে আহোম ৰজা সকলক অৰণ্যৰ সামগ্ৰী যোগান ধৰিছিল। তিনিচুকীয়াৰ শদিয়া সেই সময়ত "সধয়াপুৰ" বুলি জনাজাত আছিল আৰু সধয়া বা চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী আছিল। আহোম বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে শদিয়াৰ দক্ষিণৰ অঞ্চলতো চুতীয়া সেনাপতি বুঢ়া বৰুৱা (আহোম ভাষাত "থাওমান") বোলা এজনে শাসন কৰিছিল যিজনে‌ আহোমৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ১৫২৩ চনৰ ডিব্ৰুগড় ৰণত ভাগ লৈছিল। ১৫২৪ত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন হয় আৰু তিনিচুকীয়া জিলাৰ সমগ্ৰ ভূমি আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনলৈ আহে। আহোমৰ শদিয়া খোৱা গোহাঁয়ে (আহোম ভাষাত "থাওমুঙ বʼঙেন") শদিয়া অঞ্চল শাসন কৰিবলৈ লয়। শদিয়াৰ দক্ষিণৰ বৰডোমছা অঞ্চলত আহোমৰ হাটখোৱা গোহাঁই (আহোম ভাষাত "থাওমুঙ বʼক্লাং") বিষয়াই লোণৰ হাটৰ অধিকাৰী হয়। ===অৰুণাচলৰ ভয়াম আৰু পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চল=== টাই ভাষাৰ "আহোম বুৰঞ্জী" গ্ৰন্থ খনত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ সীমান্তৰ অঞ্চলৰ খামজাং প্ৰদেশৰ নঙাখাম নামৰ নৰা মুখিয়াল এজনে ১৭৭৫ চনত চুতীয়া সকলক লগত লয় হাটখোৱা গোহাঁইৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিদ্ৰোহ কৰিছিল আৰু পৰাস্ত হৈ দিহিং/নামজিন নৈ পাৰ হৈ পূৰবৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলত আশ্ৰয় লৈছিল<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, Ahom Buranji, p.331</ref>। বুৰঞ্জীৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে খামজাং প্ৰদেশ পাটকাই পৰ্বতৰ‌ নং-খেও-য়ং(Lake of no return) অঞ্চলত অৱস্থিত আছিল। গতিকে ধৰিব পাৰি যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য এসময়ত সেই অঞ্চলৰ লৈকে বিয়পি আছিল। ===নামনি অসমৰ‌ অঞ্চল=== ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰৰ তথ্য ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ শদিয়া-চেপাখোৱা তামৰ ফলিত(১৫২৮ চনৰ) পোৱা যায়। এই ফলিত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পিতৃ আছিল ৰজা ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ আৰু ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণে এসময়ত কমতাপুৰৰ লৈকে নিজৰ ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ কৰিছিল। ভূমিদানৰ ফলিখনত উল্লেখ আছে<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.587</ref>, {{Quote|text="একোহভূ্ৎ কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিতঃ <br /> কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণঃ।।"}} অৰ্থাৎ এজন হৈছিল (একোহভূৎ) কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা (কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি), যি জন আছিল "ভূপাল সমূহৰদ্বাৰা অৰ্চিত"(ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিত) আৰু "কামদেৱৰ(আন এটা নাম কন্দৰ্প) শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিজয়ী" (কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী) শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ।<ref>ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণো আছিল। এই কথা ঘিলামৰা অঞ্চলৰ বৰমূৰ্তিয়া বিলৰ তাম্ৰপত্ৰৰ পৰা জানিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ফলিখনৰ মতে ১৩৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত সুৰ-ৰিপু(অসুৰ) বংশৰ সধয়াপুৰৰ ৰজা নন্দিশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ সত্যনায়াণে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ২০০ পুৰা(৮০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ(আত্মজ) ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ফলিখনৰ নবীকৰণ কৰিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণ আছিল। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে ১৫০ বছৰ আগতে গৌৰীনায়াৰণ/ৰত্নধ্বজপালেও নিজৰ পুত্ৰ শিৱনাৰায়ণৰ লগত কমতেশ্বৰ ৰজা সন্ধয়াৰ ৰাজকুমাৰীক বিয়া কৰাই কমতা ৰাজ্যৰ লগত বন্ধুত্ব স্থাপন কৰিছিল। সম্ভৱতঃ এই কমতা ৰাজবংশ নাইকীয়া বা দুৰ্বল হৈ যোৱা ফলতে চুতীয়া ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণে কমতা ৰাজ্য নিজৰ অধীনলৈ আনিছিল।</ref> [[File:Another section of the palace.jpg|thumb|চুতীয়া দুৰ্গ ভীষ্মক নগৰৰ ইটাৰ গড়ৰ এক অংশ]] ==যোগিনী তন্ত্ৰত উল্লেখ== ১৬ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত লিখা‌ যোগিনী তন্ত্ৰত কামৰূপৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চল আৰু ৰাজকীয় শক্তিসমূহৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াত “সৌমাৰ”, “কূবাচ”, “যৱন” আৰু “প্লৱ” নাম উল্লেখ আছে— {{quote|পূৰ্বভাগে চ সৌমাৰঃ কূবাচ‌ পশ্চিমে‌তথা ।<br>দক্ষিণে যৱনসদ্ উত্তৰে প্লৱ এব চ ॥<br><br>এবমেব মহাদেৱি তে সৰ্বে কামৰূপকাঃ ।<br> এবং তে কথিতং দেবি সৌমাৰচৰিতং হি তৎ ॥}} অৰ্থাৎ পূৰ্বে সৌমাৰ, পশ্চিমে কূবাচ, দক্ষিণে যৱন আৰু উত্তৰে প্লৱ — এইসকল কামৰূপ অঞ্চলৰ অন্তৰ্গত বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে। গ্ৰন্থখনৰ পাচৰ অংশ সমূহত "কুবাচ"ক [[কোচ ৰাজ্য|কোচ]], "সৌমাৰ"ক [[আহোম ৰাজ্য|আহোম]] আৰু "যৱন"ক [[বংগ চুলতানী|মুছলমান]]/[[মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্য|মোগল]] বুলি চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে। এই অনুসৰি ইতিহাসবিদ সকলে “প্লৱ/প্লব” শব্দটোৱে সেই সময়ৰ উত্তৰ ভাগত ৰাজত্ব কৰি থকা পাল বংশীয় চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যক বুজাবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছে বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। ==ইতিহাস== ===ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা=== চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা আৰু পতনৰ কথা কেইবাখনো বুৰঞ্জীত পোৱা যায় যেনে দেওধাই অসম বুৰঞ্জী, অসম বুৰঞ্জী (SM), ইত্যাদি। সকলো বুৰঞ্জীৰ তথ্য সসূহ প্ৰায় একেই। বৃটিছ বিষয়া ''ET Dalton‌'' আৰু ''W.B.Brown''ৰ অনুসৰি একেবোৰ আখ্যান কিম্বদন্তি ৰূপত [[মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠী|মিচিং]] আৰু [[দেউৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|দেউৰী]] লোকৰ মাজতো প্ৰচলিত আছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=W.B. |title=An Outline Grammar Of The Deori Chutiya Language |publisher= Assam Secretariat Printing Office |location=Shillong |year=1895 |pages=75, 84 |quote="..as it agrees in all particulars with the traditions,I have elsewhere met with, it may merely be a compilation from them..These traditions are preserved among the Miris, the Deoris, who were the Chutiya priests (and amongst whom alone remnants of the ancient language and customs of the race are still preserved), and by some few of the Chutiyas who now call themselves Hindu Chutiyas... I have heard from them(Deoris) the story of how the Chutiya princess Sadhuni was won by the young archer (Niti Pal)... Probably enquiry would show that the other incidents of the chronicle are preserved as traditions among the Deoris in a similar modified form. }}</ref> দেউধাই বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে আনুমানিক ১১৮৭ চনত চুতীয়া সকলে বিভিন্ন সৰু সৰু ৰাজ্য(বা বৃহৎ গাঁও) গঠন কৰি বাস কৰি আছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.193</ref> তাৰ ভিতৰতে স্বৰ্ণগিৰি নামৰ ৰাজ্য খনত বীৰপাল নামৰ এজন লোক ৰজা হৈ আছিল। বীৰপালৰ ৰাজ্যত ৬০ টা যৌথ পৰিয়ালৰ লোকে বাস কৰিছিল, অৰ্থাৎ প্ৰায় ৬০০০ লোক।<ref>Dutta, Sristidhar, "The Mataks and their kingdom", p.45. "Morans, Borahis, Kacharis and Chutias were the main tribes in the Matak community. As all of them were Bodos in origin, they had a common living pattern too. They lived in joint families. The number of members in a joint family sometimes exceeded one hundred."</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত চুবুৰীয়া চুতীয়া লোকসলক পৰাস্ত কৰি তেওঁ 'গয়াপাল' নাম লৈছিল। শদিয়াক তেওঁ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী পাতিছিল। তেওঁক খুন্ত ৰজা বুলিও জনা‌ গৈছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.202</ref> ত্ৰয়োবিংশ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত [[আহোম]]সকলে অসমত তেওঁলোকৰ ৰাজ্য স্থাপন কৰিবৰ সময়ত উজনি অসমত চুতীয়াসকলেই আটাইতকৈ শক্তিশালী আছিল। চুতীয়া সকলৰ মাজত বুৰঞ্জী লিখাৰ প্ৰথা নথকাৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকৰ আটাইবোৰ ৰজাৰ নাম জনা নাযায়। দেওধাই অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে বাৰ শতিকাৰ মাজভাগৰ পৰা ষোল্ল শতিকাৰ আগভাগলৈকে মুঠ দহজন চুতীয়া ৰজাই ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। নোই ইলিয়াছ চাহাবৰ "হিষ্ট্ৰী অৱ দা শ্বান্‌ছ" গ্ৰন্থৰ মতে আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক [[চুকাফা]]ৰ সমসাময়িক চুতীয়া ৰজা কোছীৰ আগতে তেওঁৰ বংশৰ চৌত্ৰিশজন ৰজাই ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। তালৈ চাই কোনো কোনো পণ্ডিতে চুতীয়াসকলে খ্ৰীষ্টীয় সপ্তম শতিকামানতে ৰাজ্য স্থাপন কৰিছিল বুলি অনুমান কৰে।<ref name="বুৰঞ্জী">{{cite book | title=মাধ্যমিক অসম বুৰঞ্জী | author=ড: স্বৰ্ণলতা বৰা | pages=১৮৪-১৯০ | isbn=81-85905-11-8}}</ref> ===ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ=== বীৰপালৰ পুত্ৰ আছিল ৰত্নধ্বজপাল বা গৌৰীনাৰায়ণ। তেওঁ নিজৰ বাহু বলেৰে উজনি অসমৰ সকলো চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য (যেনে ৰঙ্গালগিৰি, স্বেতাগিৰি, চন্দ্ৰগিৰি, ধৱলগিৰি, নীলগিৰি, ইত্যাদি) একত্ৰিত কৰি বৃহৎ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.194</ref>। সেই সময়ত প্ৰায়বোৰ ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী পাহাৰীয়া বা পাহাৰৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত পতা হৈছিল। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে আহোমৰ চৰাইদেউ পৰ্বত, কছাৰীৰ ডিমাপুৰ/মাইবাং, কোচৰ চিকণা পৰ্বত, ইত্যাদি। পাছলৈ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ নগৰ যেনে চন্দনগিৰি(আজিৰ দিনৰ ৰুক্মিণীনগৰ), ভীষ্মকনগৰ, ইটানগৰ, ইত্যাদি সকলো পাহাৰৰ‌ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলতে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ওপৰিও জনা যায় যে আগৰ দিনত‌ উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বহুতো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে পাহাৰৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া বা‌ ওখ অঞ্চলত স্থায়ী ভাৱে থাকি ভৈয়ামত খেতি কৰিছিল।<ref>উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বহুতো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে খেতিৰ অনুসৰি ভৈয়াম আৰু পাহাৰ দুয়ো অঞ্চলতে জীৱন নিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।‌ প্ৰায়বোৰ লোকে তেতিয়াৰ দিনত আহু আৰু বাও ধানৰ খেতি কৰিছিল। শালি‌ কৰিলেও বেছি পৰিমাণে কৰা‌ নাছিল। বছৰৰ আৰম্ভণিতে আহু ধানৰ খেতি কৰি চপাই মেলি, বাও বা শালি খেতি কৰি বাৰিষাৰ বানৰ পৰা ৰোধ পাবলৈ বা বাৰিষাৰ বেমাৰ আজাৰ নহ'বলৈ পাহাৰৰ দাতিৰ‌ স্থায়ী অঞ্চল বোৰলৈ ঘূৰি গৈছিল। বৰাহী সকলে সেইবাবেই হয়টো চুকাফাক চৰাইদেউ পৰ্বতত থাকিবলৈ উপদেশ দিছিল। কালিকা পুৰাণৰ মতে দিক্কৰবাসিনী পীঠও বছৰৰ কেইবামাহ ধৰি পানীৰ তলত ডুব গৈছিল। কিছু লোকে হয়টো সেই সময়ত ভৈয়ামত স্থায়ী ৰুপে থাকি খেতি কৰিছিল আৰু সময়ত পাছলৈ বাকী লোকেও ভৈয়ামত স্থায়ী গাঁৱ পাতি থাকিবলৈ লৈছিল। বৰাহী চুতীয়া সকলৰ দুই শ্ৰেণী: চাং আৰু বাম বৰাহী হয়টো ইয়াৰে চিন। চুতীয়া ৰজা সকলে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমিদানো‌ সম্ভৱতঃ এই কাৰণতে কৰিছিল যাতে চুতীয়া লোক সকলে ভৈয়ামত হিন্দু ধৰ্মত দিক্ষিত হৈ স্থায়ীভাৱে থাকিবলৈ লয়। পাছলৈ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ ফলত পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলত বসতি নোহোৱাৰ বাবে বা সুৰক্ষাৰ ব্যৱস্থা/দূৰ্গ নোহোৱাৰ বাবে সেইবোৰ অঞ্চল পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি সকলৰ হাতলৈ যায়। সেই কাৰণতে আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ দিনত পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি বোৰে সঘনে ভৈয়ামৰ গাঁৱ লুণ্ঠন কৰিবলৈ ধৰে আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰতিৰোধৰ বাবে আহোম সকলে পছা প্ৰথা আৰম্ভ কৰে।</ref> গতিকে এই সকলো কথাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে পাহাৰীয়া দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত থাকি ভৈয়ামত খেতি কৰা চুতীয়া সকলে মধ্যযুগৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠাৰ পাছৰে পৰা ক্ৰমান্বয়ে সুসংগঠিত ভাৱে ভৈয়ামতো‌ স্থায়ী ভাৱে থাকিবলৈ লয়। দেউধাই বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা "চুতীয়াৰ কথা"ৰ দ্বিতীয় আখ্যানৰ<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.201-202</ref> মতে বীৰপালে কিৰাতনী দেৱীৰ আশীৰ্বাদত দুটা সোণৰ মেকুৰী আৰু দণ্ড-খাট লাভ কৰি চোট-হিন্দুৱান খুন্তৱান(চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ) ৰজা হৈছিল আৰু শদিয়াত আছিল ("পৰদিনা চৰুৰ ঢাকন গুচাই চালে, সোণৰ বিড়ালী দুটী পালে, দণ্ড-খাট পালে। সেইদিন ধৰি সকলৰে সোধ-পোছ দিন দিন ধৰি পালে। ছোট হিন্দুৱানৰ খুন্তৱানৰ ৰজা হ'ল। শদিয়াত সিটো ৰজা অবাক ৰূপে থাকে।")। ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে বীৰপালৰ বসতি(স্বৰ্ণগিৰি চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য) শদিয়া অঞ্চলতে আছিল। দেউধাই বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা চন্দ্ৰগিৰি নামৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য খনো বৰ্তমান শদিয়াতে অৱস্থিত আছিল। এইখন পাছলৈ স্বৰ্ণগিৰিৰ চুতীয়া ৰজা ৰত্নধ্বজপালে নিজৰ অধীনলৈ আনি বৃহৎ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল। চন্দ্ৰগিৰি অঞ্চলতে নীতিপালে আহোম ৰজাৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰিছিল, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁক "চন্দ্ৰ নাৰায়ণ" বুলিও কোৱা হৈছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.200</ref>। গোপাল চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাৰ টাই ভাষাৰ বুৰঞ্জীত এই অঞ্চলটোক "দৈ-চন্দন"(টাই ভাষাত দৈ=পাহাৰ) কোৱা হৈছে। ৰানী সাধনীয়ে এই অঞ্চলতে প্ৰাণ ত্যোগ কৰিছিল। ৰত্নধ্বজপালে বস কৰা ৰাজ্য স্বেতাগিৰি সম্ভৱত বৰ্তমান লখিমপুৰ জিলাত আছিল কাৰণ এই ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছতে তেওঁ বৰ্তমান মাজুলীত নিজৰ ৰাজধানী হিচাপে "ৰতনপুৰ" নামৰ এখন নগৰ গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.193</ref> । "ঢোল বাই ক'ত? ৰতনপুৰত। খোল বাই ক'ত? ৰতনপুৰত", এই বিখ্যাত পুৰণি গীতটো চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী ৰতনপুৰক লৈয়ে সৃষ্টি কৰা হৈছিল। এই ৰতনপুৰতে পাছলৈ নৱ-বৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মৰ সত্ৰ এখনো স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল। পৰবৰ্তী কালত ৰত্নধ্বজপালে নিজৰ ৰাজধানী শদিয়াত স্থায়ী ৰূপে গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.193</ref>। আহোম সকলৰ বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে চুকাফা ৰাজকুমাৰ মাও-লুং দেশত থাকোতে অসমত পাছখন ৰাজ্য আছিল: চুতীয়া, কমতেশ্বৰ, কছাৰী, বৰাহী আৰু মৰাণ। চুকাফাই চৰাইদেউত ৰাজধানী পতাৰ আগতে বাটত বহুতো চুতীয়াক লগ পাইছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Satsari Buranji, p.4</ref>। যিহেতু চুকাফাই চৰাইদেউত নগৰ গঢ়া আগতে নামৰুপ, তিপাম, অভয়পুৰ, হাবুং, শিমলুগুৰি আৰু চনটক বাস কৰি আহিছিল। গতিকে এইবোৰ অঞ্চলৰে কিছুমান জেগাত চুতীয়া সকলৰ বসতি আছিল বুলি ধৰিব পৰা যায়। বহুতো চুতীয়া পৰিয়াল (যেনে চোম-চিৰিং, চাংচাই, খাতুৱাল চেতিয়া, ইত্যাদি) চুকাফাৰ দিনতে আহোম জাতিত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হৈ বিলীন হৈ গৈছিল<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, Purani Asam Buranji, p. 23, 25</ref>। এই সকলো তথ্যৰ পৰা ধৰিব পাৰি যে ১২-১৩ শতিকাত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য সেই সময়ত লখিমপুৰ, ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলৰ পৰা শদিয়া আৰু অৰুণাচলৰ সীমান্ত অঞ্চলৰ লৈকে বিয়পি আছিল।  ===চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ কমতাপুৰ বিজয়=== ১৩-১৪ শতিকাত গৌড়ৰ মুচলমান ৰজাসকলে কেইবা বাৰো কমতা ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল, যাৰ ফলত ৰাজ্যখন দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৪ শতিকাৰ অন্তিমটো দশকত ঘিয়াছুদ্দিন আজম শ্বাহে কামৰূপ-কমতা অঞ্চল আক্ৰমণ কৰে। তেওঁৰ ৰাজত্বকালৰ কামৰুপ অঞ্চললৈ পূৰ্বমুখী সামৰিক অভিযানৰ প্ৰমাণ পোৱা বʼকুৰ এখন শিলালিপিত পোৱা যায়<ref>Owahedur Zaman, "Study on the Persian Inscriptions discovered in Assam,p.5, "This stone slab inscription is from the time of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah (ruled from 1389 A.D. to 1410 A.D). It was discovered in Boko of Kamrup district which was issued by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah in 1389 A.D. It seems that he extended his sovereignty through Guwahati upto Boko area."</ref>। এই আক্ফৰমণৰ ফলত পশ্চিম অসমত ৰাজনৈতিক অস্থিৰতা সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। সেইসময়তে পূব দিশত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যখন শক্তিশালী হৈ উঠিছিল। ফল স্বৰূপত চুতীয়া ৰাজশক্তিয়ে পশ্চিম পিনে পাতনি মেলে। চুতীয়া ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ ১৪২৮ চনৰ সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ (আন‌ এটা নাম ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ) তাম্ৰলিপিত উল্লেখ আছে যে তেওঁৰ‌ ককাক সত্যনাৰায়ণে (আন‌ এটা নাম ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ<ref>ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণো আছিল। এই কথা ঘিলামৰা অঞ্চলৰ বৰমূৰ্তিয়া বিলৰ তাম্ৰপত্ৰৰ পৰা জানিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ফলিখনৰ মতে ১৩৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত সুৰ-ৰিপু(অসুৰ) বংশৰ সধয়াপুৰৰ ৰজা নন্দিশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ সত্যনায়াণে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ২০০ পুৰা(৮০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ(আত্মজ) ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ফলিখনৰ নবীকৰণ কৰিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণ আছিল।</ref>) সেই একে সময়ছোৱাতে (১৩৯০-১৪০০) “কমৰুপৰ শত্রু”ক পৰাস্ত কৰি কমতাপুৰত‌ নিজৰ শাসন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। ভূমিদানৰ ফলিখনত উল্লেখ আছে, {{blockquote|"একোহভূ্ৎ কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিতঃ</br> কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণঃ।।"</br>}} অৰ্থাৎ এজন হৈছিল (একোহভূৎ) কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা (কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি), যি জন আছিল "ভূপাল সমূহৰদ্বাৰা অৰ্চিত"(ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিত) আৰু "কামদেৱৰ(আন এটা নাম কন্দৰ্প) শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিজয়ী" (কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী) শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ। যদিও এই “শত্রু”ৰ স্পষ্ট পৰিচয় উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই, তথাপিও ইতিহাসবিদসকলে সাধাৰণতে ধাৰণা কৰে যে ই গৌড়ৰ মুচলমান সেনাবাহিনী অথবা কমৰুপৰ সিংহাসনৰ বাবে প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা কৰা কোনো স্থানীয় ৰাজনৈতিক শক্তি হ’ব পাৰে, যাক চুতীয়া ৰজাই পৰাস্ত কৰিছিল। একেখন ফলিৰ তৃতীয় আৰু চতুৰ্থ শাৰীত ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ পুত্ৰ ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ আৰু তেখেতৰ পুত্ৰ দুৰ্লভ নাৰায়ণৰ বিষয়ে উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। পাছৰ অংশত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে ১৪২৮ খৃষ্টাব্দত (১৩৫০ শক) ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ আদেশত হাবুঙাধিপতি শ্ৰী বৃহৎ পাত্ৰয়ে ব্ৰাক্ষণক ৪০০ পুৰা(১৬০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। এইদৰে গৌড়ৰ সামৰিক চাপ আৰু কমৰুপ-কমতা অঞ্চলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা অস্থিৰতাৰ সুযোগ লৈ চুতীয়া শক্তিয়ে পশ্চিমলৈ বিস্তাৰ কৰি কমতাপুৰত নিজৰ আধিপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল বুলি বুজা যায়।<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ৰজাই আনুমানিক ১৩০০‌ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ভাগত কমতা ৰাজ্য দখল কৰি পুণৰ পুৰ্বৰ কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিবলৈ প্ৰয়াস কৰিছিল। ====দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পৰিচয় আৰু বিতৰ্ক==== ঐতিহাসিক তথ্যৰ অনুসৰি কমতা ৰাজ্যৰ "দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ" নামৰ এজন ৰজাই অসমীয়া কবি [[হেম সৰস্বতী]], [[হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ]], আদি বহু লেখকক পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা আগবঢ়াইছিল।<ref>হেম সৰস্বতীয়ে তেওঁৰ প্ৰহ্লাদ চৰিত গ্ৰন্থত দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰি লিখিছে—“কামতামণ্ডল দুৰ্লভ নাৰায়ণ নৃপবৰ অনুপাম”। এই শাৰীকেইটাৰ পৰা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণক কমতা মণ্ডলৰ অধিপতি আৰু সাহিত্য-সংস্কৃতিৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষক ৰজা হিচাপে বুজা যায়।</ref> গুৰু চৰিতৰ বৰ্ণনা অনুসৰি কমতা-কামৰূপৰ ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণে কানৌজৰ পৰা অহা বহু ব্ৰাহ্মণ আৰু কায়স্থ ভুঞা পৰিয়ালক নিজৰ ৰাজ্যত আশ্ৰয় দি পূৰ্বাঞ্চলত বসতি স্থাপনৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছিল। [[শঙ্কৰদেৱ|শ্ৰীমন্ত শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ]] পূৰ্বপুৰুষ সকলও এই স্থানান্তৰিত পৰিয়ালসমূহৰ মাজৰে এটা পৰিয়াল আছিল। এই পৰিয়ালসমূহক প্ৰথমতে উত্তৰ গুৱাহাটীৰ ওচয়ৰ লেঙামাগুৰি আৰু পাছলৈ নগাঁৱৰ তেম্বুৱানী-বান্ধা(ঢেমনী) অঞ্চলত বসতি দিয়া হৈছিল বুলি গুৰু চৰিতত উল্লেখ আছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp. 27–29.</ref> ইতিহাসবিদ মহেশ্বৰ নেওগে পৰৱৰ্তী কালৰ চৰিত-পুথি আৰু বৈষ্ণৱ পৰম্পৰাৰ ভিত্তিত শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ জন্ম-চন ১৪৪৯ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ বুলি গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু এই অনুসৰি দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ ৰাজত্ব কাল ১৪ শতিকাৰ মধ্যভাগ বুলি অনুমান কৰিছিল। কিন্তু ২০১৬ চনত লিখা গৱেষণামূলক প্ৰবন্ধত ইতিহাসবিদ বাণীপ্ৰশন্ন মীশ্ৰই উপলব্ধ তথ্যসমূহ পুনৰ বিশ্লেষণ কৰি এই গণনাক নাকচ কৰে আৰু শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ জন্ম সম্ভৱতঃ খ্ৰীষ্টীয় ১৪৭৯–১৪৮৪ চনৰ ভিতৰত হৈছিল বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp. 19-20.</ref> সেই অনুসৰি তেওঁ দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ শাসনকালো পুনৰ নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰি চতুৰ্দশ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ পৰা পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথম ভাগৰ মাজত হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp.23</ref> হেম সৰস্বতীয়ে দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণক ‘‘কমতামণ্ডল’’ৰ ৰজা বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>''প্ৰহ্লাদ চৰিত্ৰ''' উল্লেখ কৰিছে- "কমতামণ্ডল দুলৰ্ভনাৰায়ণ নৃপবৰ অনুপম৷ তাহান ৰাজ্যত ৰুদ্ৰসৰস্বতী দেৱযানী কন্যা নাম৷৷ তাহান তনয় হেমসৰস্বতী ধ্ৰুৱৰ অনুজ ভাই৷"</ref><ref name="sarma">{{cite book | title=অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ সমীক্ষাত্মক ইতিবৃত্ত | publisher=প্ৰতিমা দেৱী | author=ড: [[সত্যেন্দ্ৰনাথ শৰ্মা]] | authorlink=| year=১৯৯৬ | location=গুৱাহাটী | pages=৫৩-৫৪}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন কামৰূপৰ তাম্ৰশাসন আৰু সংস্কৃত ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিভাষাত ‘‘মণ্ডল’’ শব্দটো এক আঞ্চলিক বা ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিসৰ বুজাবলৈহে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। আনহাতে, চুতীয়া তামৰ ফলিত দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰে ‘‘সাধয়াপতি’’ বা সদিয়াৰ ৰজা বুলি পৰিচয় দিয়া দেখা নাযায়; তাৰ বিপৰীতে তেওঁৰ পূৰ্বপুৰুষ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ‘‘কমতাপুৰ’’ৰ ৰজা হৈছিল বুলিহে উল্লেখ কৰিছে। দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণে পৃষ্ঠাপোষকতা আগ বঢ়োৱা আন এজন কবি হৈছে "হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ"। ইতিহাসবিদ মহেশ্বৰ নেওগে এইজন কবিকে ৰামানন্দ দ্বিজৰ "শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বংশী গোপালদেৱ চৰিত"ত উল্লেখ কৰা বংশীগোপালদেৱৰ ককাক হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ বুলি চিনাক্ত কৰিছে।<ref name="ভৰালী">{{cite book | title=এহেজাৰ বছৰৰ এশগৰাকী অসমীয়া | publisher=চিত্ৰলেখা পাব্লিকেশ্বন্‌ছ | author=ভৰালী, হেমন্ত কুমাৰ | year=২০০১ | location=গুৱাহাটী | pages=২৯৮-২৯৯}}</ref> ৰচনাখনত হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰক ''"কুণ্ডিল গোষ্ঠীত জাত পুৰুষ সুন্দৰ / ব্যাঘ্ৰপিণ্ডা গ্ৰামেশ্বৰ মুখ্য পণ্ডিতৰ"'' বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে, অৰ্থাৎ তেওঁক কুণ্ডিল বা চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী [[শদিয়া]] অঞ্চলৰ লোক আৰু ব্যাঘ্ৰপিণ্ডা গাঁৱৰ গ্ৰামেশ্বৰ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite book |title=Harivara Vipra’s Babrubahnar Yuddha and Tamradhwajar Yuddha |editor=Birinchi Kumar Barua; Maheswar Neog |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1960 |page=}}</ref> মহেশ্বৰ নেওগৰ মতে হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰৰ ৰচনাত ‘‘চেতিয়া’’ শব্দৰ উল্লেখো পোৱা যায়। এই শব্দ কিছু ইতিহাসবিদে আহোম যুগৰ পৰৱৰ্তী সংস্কৰণত যোগ হোৱা বুলি ক'ব খোজে।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kakati |first=Banikanta |title=Aspects of Early Assamese Literature |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1953 |page=34}}</ref> কিন্তু বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা দেখা যে এই ''চেতিয়া'' পদবী চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যতো আছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K, "Deodhai Buranji, p.16</ref> আৰু চুহুংমুঙে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰাৰ পাছৰ পৰাহে আহোম ৰাজ্যত প্ৰচলিত হৈছিল।<ref>S.K, "Satsari Buranji, p.16</ref> "কবিৰত্ন সৰস্বতী"ৰ ৰচনাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে তেওঁক দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পুত্ৰ ইন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণয়ে পৃষ্ঠা পোষকতা আগ বঢ়াইছিল। ইতিহাসবিদ বাণীপ্ৰশন্ন মীশ্ৰৰ মতে মাধৱদেৱৰ ভনীয়েক উৰ্বশীয়ে দহ বছৰ বয়সত (১৫২৬ শতিকাত)<ref>{{cite book |last=Misra |first=Baniprasanna |title=Deprovincialising Srimanta Sankaradeva |publisher=Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University |year=2015 |pages=24–25 }}</ref> এই কবিজনৰ বংশৰ ৰামদাস আতাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ৰামদাস ৰত্ন সৰস্বতীৰ পাছৰ ষষ্ঠ প্ৰজন্মৰ পুৰুষ আছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kakati |first=Banikanta |title=Aspects of Early Assamese Literature |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1953 |page=44}}</ref> সেই অনুসৰি ইন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণৰ শাসনকালও পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথমাৰ্ধৰ মাজভাগত (প্ৰায় ১৪২০–১৪৪০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) আছিল বুলি অনুমান কৰিব পাৰি। এই সকলো তথ্যসমূহৰ ভিত্তিত কিছু গৱেষকে কমতা, কামৰূপ আৰু শদিয়া একেই ৰাজ শক্তিয়ে পৰিচালিত কৰিছিল বুলি ক'ব খোজে।<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> তথাপিটো কমতাপুৰৰ এই দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ আৰু চুতীয়া বংশৰ দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ‌ একে ব্যক্তি আছিল নে নাই, সেই বিষয়ে ইতিহাসবিদ সকলৰ মাজত বৰ্তমানেও একমত পোৱা নাযায়। ===ঘাৰমৰা সত্ৰ স্থাপন=== ===চীনৰ লগত সম্পৰ্ক=== ===চুতীয়া-আহোম যুদ্ধ=== ১৫১২ চনত চুতীয়াৰ হাবুঙৰ প্ৰদেশৰ পানবাৰী অঞ্চলত চুহুংমুঙে প্ৰৱেশ কৰে আৰু আগতে বামুণীয়া কোঁৱৰক তূলি লোৱা বামুণ পৰিয়ালটোক নিজৰ লগত লয়। বামুণ জনক সোণৰ লগুণ উপহাৰ দি হাতী-ঘাহী অধিকাৰী পাতি নিজৰ লগত লয়। পানবাৰীত থকাৰ সময়ত আহোম ৰজাই সেনা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমানক দিহিং নৈত মাছ ধৰিবলৈ পঠিয়াই। দিহিঙত ডাঙৰ বৰালী ধৰিবলৈ লওঁতে চুতীয়াই আহোম সেনাক দেখে। দিহিং নৈ চুতীয়া আৰু আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ সীমা আছিল, উত্তৰত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য আৰু দক্ষিণত আহোম ৰাজ্য। চুতীয়াৰ পানীত মাছ ধৰিছে বুলি গম পাই মাণিক চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাই (সম্ভৱতঃ এইজন দিহিং উপত্যকাৰ শাসনকৰ্তা আছিল) মানু্হ পঠিয়াই। কিন্তু আহোম সকলে মাছৰ লগতে চুতীয়া মানু্হকো ধৰি নিয়ে। এই কথা মাণিক চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাই ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ জোৱাঁই নিতাইক জনাই। নীতিপালৰ পৰা ধীৰনাৰায়ণে খবৰ পাই যে আহোম সেনাই দিহিঙৰ সীমা নামানি উত্তৰ পাৰৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ হাবুঙ অঞ্চলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছে।<ref>Assam Buranji (SM), p. 9</ref> * দিখৌ-মুখৰ ৰণ ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই এই কথা গম পাই যুদ্ধ কৰিবলৈ মন কৰে আৰু ১৫১৩ চনত লুইতে দি আহি দিখৌমুখত কোঠ পাতে। সেই সময়ত দিখৌ মুখ আজিৰ দিনৰ কাজিৰঙা‌ ওচৰত আছিল। চুতীয়া সেনাই দিখৌ মুখ অঞ্চলত পচলা গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। তাৰ পৰা আগ বাঢ়ি আহি চেৰুৱাকটা অঞ্চলৰ নঙকামুঙ বিলৰ পাৰত কোঠ পাতে। চেৰুৱাকটাৰ পৰা এখিনি সেনা বৰনাঁৱত উঠি চিৰা আটি অঞ্চললৈ যায়। চুহুংমুঙে চাও-চুখ্ৰিং আৰু ৰাইলুঙীয়া গোহাঁইক সৈন্য দি চুতীয়াৰ বৰনাঁৱ ধৰিবলৈ সেনা পঠিয়াই। তাৰ পাছত তেওঁ চেৰুৱাকটাৰ চুতীয়া সেনাক আক্ৰমণ কৰে। চুতীয়া সেনাই শত্ৰুৰ শক্তিৰ অনুমান নাপায় যুদ্ধত পৰাজয় হব লগিয়া হয়। এই যুদ্ধত ৪ হাজাৰ চুতীয়া সৈনিক স্বহীদ হয় আৰু ৩ হাজাৰ বন্দী হয়। বন্দী সকলৰ মূৰ কাটি আহোম ৰজাই মুণ্ডমালা বান্ধিলে।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji, p.57</ref> সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জীৰ অনুসৰি চুতীয়া সেনা দিখৌমুখৰ পৰা উজাই আহিছিল আৰু ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ তিনিমুণি অঞ্চলত ৫ দিন পুণৰ এখন ৰণ হৈছিল, য'ত মাণিকচন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱা, ৰজাৰ ভায়েক ঢেলা আৰু বৰহুলৈ বৰুৱাই ভাগ লৈছিল। যুদ্ধত মাণিকচন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাৰ গাত কাড় লাগিছিল আৰু বৰহুলৈ বৰুৱাকে প্ৰমুখ কৰি চুতীয়া সেনা পিছ হুঁহকি শদিয়ালৈ আহিলে। ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ এই যুদ্ধৰ কথা কিন্তু অন্য বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই, গতিকে এয়া পাছত হোৱা দিহিংমুখৰ দ্বিতীয়খন ৰণৰ বৰ্ণনাও হ'ব পাৰে যিখনত চুতীয়া সেনা পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ পাছত আহোম সেনাই ডিব্ৰুমুখত গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। যুদ্ধৰ পৰাজয়ৰ ফলত দিখৌ মুখত বাকী থকা চুতীয়া সেনা সেই অঞ্চলৰ পৰা ঘূৰি আহে আৰু পানবাৰী আহোমৰ হাতলৈ যায়। তাৰ পাছত ১৫১৯ চনত চুহুংমুঙ হাবুঙৰ পৰা দিহিংমুখ অঞ্চল লৈ আহে আৰু তাত এটা কোঠ/দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। তেতিয়াৰ দিহিংমুখ আজিৰ দিনৰ পশ্চিম মাজুলী অঞ্চল হয়।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji, p.57</ref><ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, Purani Assam Buranji, p.40</ref> * দিহিং-মুখৰ প্ৰথম ৰণ ১৫২০ চনত চুতীয়া সেনাই এইবাৰ আকৌ ভটিয়াই আহি আহোমৰ নতুনকৈ নিৰ্মিত দিহিংমুখৰ দুৰ্গ(মৌঙখ্ৰাঙ) আক্ৰমণ কৰে। যুদ্ধত চুতীয়া সেনা জয়ী হয় আৰু আহোম সেনাপতি খেনমোঙক মাৰি আহোম সেনাক সেই অঞ্চলৰ পৰা খেদি পঠিয়াই। ফলত দিহিংমুখৰ কোঠ চুতীয়াৰ হাতলৈ যায়।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji, p.57</ref><ref>Purani Assam Buranji, p.40</ref> ===চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন=== * নীতিপালৰ ৰাজত্ব ইয়াৰ পাছতে ১৫২২ চনত ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই [[হাবুং]] অঞ্চলৰ (বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনা) ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰি সাধনী আৰু নিতাই ৰাজ্য ভাৰ দিয়ে। ৰজা হৈ নিতায়ে নীতিপাল নাম লয়। ৰজা ধীৰনাৰায়ণে ৰাজ্য ভাৰ এৰি জামাতাক যুৱৰাজ পাতি, আপোন পুত্ৰ তিনি বছৰৰ শিশু সাধক নাৰায়ণক নীতিপালৰ হাতত সমৰ্পন কৰি দেশান্তৰিত হয়। সামান্য ‌চুতীয়া ল'ৰা ৰজা হোৱাত ৰাজবংশৰ ৰাজপাট দাবীদাৰ কোঁৱৰসকল স্বাভাৱিকতে ক্ষুণ্ণ ‌হৈ পৰে। এই লোক সকলে নিত্যপালক সিংহাসনচ্যুত কৰিবলৈ ষড়যন্ত্ৰত নামে। এই ষড়যন্ত্ৰৰ মূল নায়ক ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ ভায়েক সুৰজিৎ ওৰফে সুৰধ্বজপাল আছিল। ষড়যন্ত্ৰ সফল নহ'ল। নীতিপালে তেওঁৰ বিশ্বাসী চোৰাংচোৱাৰ পৰা সকলো কথা জানিব পাৰি ষড়যন্ত্ৰত লিপ্ত বিষয়াক ভাঙি নতুন মন্ত্ৰী বিষয়া নিয়োগ কৰে। পূৰ্ব্বৰ পাত্ৰ মন্ত্ৰী গুচাই সামান্য পাত্ৰ-মন্ত্ৰী পাতি লʼলে। সূৰধ্বজপালক ধৰি আনিবৰ বাবে কাচিতৰা সেনাপতিক পঠায়। কিন্তু সুৰধ্বজ দেশ এৰি পলাই যোৱাত সেই কাম সম্ভৱ নহ'ল। নীতিপালৰ দিনত নাৰায়ণ নামৰ এজন বৰসেনাপতি আৰু ৰঘূবীৰ তথা কাচিতৰা সহসেনাপতি আছিল বুলি জনা যায়। কিন্তু সময়ত নীতিপালৰ শাসন দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰে। পূৰ্বৰ সাধাৰণ বংশৰ লগৰীয়া সকলক ৰাজ্যৰ বিষয়-বাব দিবলৈ ধৰাৰ ফলত সম্ভ্ৰান্ত বংশৰ লোকৰ বিশ্বাস আৰু আনুগত্য হেৰুৱাব লগা হয়। দোষ গুণৰ সুবিচাৰ নকৰি হকে-বিহকে প্ৰজাৰ ওপৰত উৎপীড়ন চলোৱাৰ বাবেই‌ [[নীতিপাল]] প্ৰজাৰ মাজত অনীতিপাল বুলি খ্যাত হৈ পৰে।<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, "Chutia jatir Buranji, p.594.</ref> * দিহিং-মুখৰ দ্বিতীয় ৰণ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ দুৰৱস্থাৰ বাতৰি আহোম ৰজা [[চুহুন্মুং]]ৰ কাণত পৰিল। ফলত সেই বছৰৰ শেষৰ পিনে(১৫২২ চন) তেওঁ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰে। প্ৰথমতে মাজুলীৰ নঙকঙমোঙ বীলৰ ওচৰলৈ আহি তেওঁ দিহিঙমুখত(বৰ্তমানৰ পশ্চিম মাজুলী অঞ্চল) কোঠ দি থকা চুতীয়াক আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ সেনা পঠায়। যুদ্ধৰ নেতৃত্বত থকা বৰগোহাঁয়ে চুতীয়া সেনাক দিহিং মুখৰ পৰা পুবলৈ ঠেলি নিয়ে আৰু লাচাই-টাই নামৰ এজনক চুতীয়াৰ পৰা সংগ্ৰহ কৰা বৰ-নাঁৱত উঠাই ৰজাৰ ওচৰলৈ পঠায়। সেই সময়ত ৰজা বীলৰ পৰা আগ বাঢ়ি আহি চেৰুৱাকতা নামৰ অঞ্চল এটাত আছিল। চুহুংমুঙে লাচাই-টাইক যুদ্ধৰ খবৰ লয়। লাচাই-টাই ৰজাক জনাই যে চুতীয়া সৈন্য লুইত(টিলাও) নৈ‌ ওচৰৰ অঞ্চলৰ লগতে ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ(চোপ-নাম-টিফাও) পানীত কোঠ পাতি আছে।<ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 17.</ref> ইয়াৰ পাছতে হয়টো আগতে উল্লেখ কৰি অহা ডিব্ৰুগড় ৰণখন সংঘটিত হয়। * ডিব্ৰু-মুখ/ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ ৰণ ১৫২৩ চনৰ কাতি মাহত চুহুংমুঙৰ আদেশত ফ্ৰাচেনমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই আৰু কিঙলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁই ৰাজমন্ত্ৰীয়ে নিজৰ সমস্ত সৈন্য বাহিনী লয় ডিব্ৰুমুখলৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহি তাত এটা গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। চুহুংমুঙে চৰাইদেউ লৈ আহি ভগৱানৰ ওচৰত বলি আগ বঢ়ায়। ১৫২৩ চনৰ আঘোণ মাহত চুহুংমুঙে সৈন্য বাহিনী লয় আগ বাঢ়ি চেঁচামুখত কোঠ দিয়ে। নীতিপালে গড় বন্ধাৰ খবৰ পাই শদিয়াৰ পৰা লাৰুপাৰা(বৰ্তমান চাবুৱাৰ ওচৰৰ) লৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহে। তাৰ পৰা তেওঁ শত্ৰুক দেশৰ পৰা খেদিবলৈ বুঢ়া বৰুৱাৰ নেতৃত্বত ডিব্ৰুমুখ লৈ সৈন্য বাহিনী পঠিয়ায়। সম্ভৱতঃ এজন ডিব্ৰু উপত্যকাৰ শাসনকৰ্তা আছিল। চুতীয়া সেনাপতি জনে ৰজাৰ আদেশ মতে ডিব্ৰুগড় আক্ৰমণ কৰে। আনপিনে চুহুংমুঙেও ডিব্ৰুমুখলৈ আহি যুদ্ধত ভাগ লয়। ফ্ৰাচেনমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই আৰু কিঙলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁই ৰাজমন্ত্ৰীয়ে একলগ হৈ পথে দি আগ বাঢ়ি চুতীয়াৰ নৌ বাহিনীক আক্ৰমণ কৰে। চুতীয়াৰ নৌ সেনাৰ নেতৃত্বত আছিল কাচিতৰা, চুলুকী চেতিয়া (GC Baruaৰ বুৰঞ্জীত এলেঙী চেতিয়া বুলি কোৱা হৈছে) আৰু বৰপাত্ৰ নামৰ তিনিজন সেনাপতি। বৰপাত্ৰ জন সম্ভৱতঃ সোৱণশিৰি উপত্যকাৰ তথা হাবুঙৰ শাসনকৰ্তা আছিল, যিজনক তামৰ ফলিত হাবুঙাধিপতি বৃহৎ পাত্ৰ বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। কাচিতৰা আছিল লুইত উপত্যকাৰ শাসনকৰ্তা। যুদ্ধত চুতীয়া সেনা পৰাস্ত হয়। পিছ দিনা চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই গড়ত থকা সকলো মন্ত্ৰী ডাঙৰীয়া আৰু সেনাক লগত লৈ আগ বাঢ়ি সোণাৰী অঞ্চলত (বৰ্তমান কাকপথাৰ অঞ্চল) সোমায়। <ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 17.</ref> * নীতিপালৰ সন্ধি প্ৰস্তাৱ ইয়াকে দেখি নীতিপালে আহোম ৰজা লৈ কটকীৰ সৈতে কিছুমান উপহাৰ পঠায়। উপহাৰ সমূহৰ মাজত আছিল সোণৰ কাণফুলী/কেৰু(তং-ৰু-খাম), সোণোৱালী‌ মেখেলা(চিন-খাম), কপাহী কাপোৰ(ফ্ৰা-নোন), ৰূপৰ বিচনা(থা-কা-ঙেন), পাটি, ইত্যাদি। সকলো উপহাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিও চুহুংমুঙে চুতীয়া ৰাজ সম্পদ(সোণ-ৰুপৰ মেকুৰী, সোণ-ৰুপৰ ছত্ৰ, ৰাজকীয় খাট আৰু ৰাজ দণ্ড), ১০টা দতাল হাতী, এজনী মাখুন্দী হাতী আৰু এজনী ছোৱালী বিচাৰি পঠায়। নীতিপালে ছোৱালী আৰু হাতী দিবলৈ মান্তি হয় যদিও ৰাজকীয় সম্পদ পূৰ্বপুৰুষৰ সম্পত্তি বুলি দিবলৈ নিবিচাৰে। ইয়াৰ বিপৰীতে এক মাহৰ পাছত সোণ-ৰুপৰ জাপি(কোপ-খাম-ঙেন), সোণৰ তেমি(খোপ-খাম), সোণৰ তোম(লিউ-খাম), সোণৰ ছত্ৰ (চাং-খাম), সোণৰ খাৰু(মাউ-খাম), সোণৰ ভৰিৰ খাৰু(খু-টিন-খাম), হাতী, ঘোঁৰা, হাতীৰ দাতৰ পাটি, কটাৰী আৰু পানীকমলী কাপোৰ দি পঠায়। সমান্তৰাল ভাৱে নীতিপালে লুইতৰ পাৰত এটা দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিবলৈ লয় আৰু তাতে থাকে। দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণৰ কথা শুনি, ৰাজসম্পদ নাপায় আৰু লগতে উপহাৰৰ মাজত কটাৰী দেখি চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই শদিয়াপুৰ আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্ণয় কৰে।<ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 18.</ref> * শদিয়াৰ ৰণ ১৫২৪ চনৰ বহাগত লুইত নৈ পাৰ হৈ শদিয়া(সধয়াপুৰ) আক্ৰমণ কৰে। [[ব'হাগ বিহু|ব'হাগ মাহৰ বিহুৰ দিনা]] [[শদিয়া]] আক্ৰমণ কৰা হৈছিল। বিহুৰ দিনা শদিয়াৰ চাৰি শালত বৰ-বলি আয়োজন কৰা হয়, যʼত [[দেউৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|দেউৰী]] পূজাৰীৰ বাহিৰে অন্য লোকে হাতত অস্ত্ৰ লোৱাতো বৰ্জিত আছিল। আজিও এই বৰবলিৰ নিয়ম শদিয়া অঞ্চলৰ থান সমূহত পালন কৰা হয়। সেই সময়ত সৌমাৰ খণ্ডত একমাত্ৰ চুতীয়া সকলৰ মাজত হে খাৰ-বাৰুদ বা হিলৈ-বৰটোপৰ প্ৰচলন আছিল। সেই বাবে হয়তো আক্ৰমণকাৰী সকলে বিহুৰ বতৰত আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্ণয় কৰি লৈছিল। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ মতে সেই সময়ত নীতিপালে পুখুৰী এটাও খন্দাই আছিল। শদিয়াৰ দুৰ্গত কৰা আক্ৰমণ সহিব নোৱাৰি নীতিপাল চন্দনগিৰি লৈ গুচি আহে আৰু কাচিতৰা দৈথাং পৰ্বতত উঠে।<ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 19.</ref> * চন্দনগিৰি আৰু দৈথাং পৰ্বতৰ ৰণ চুহুংমুঙে শদিয়াৰ বৰনগৰত থাকি ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই আৰু কিঙলুন ৰাজমন্ত্ৰীক(বুঢ়াগোহাঁই) চন্দনগিৰি লৈ আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ পঠায়। আনহাতে কনচেং ধনুদাৰী গোহাঁইক (চাও-চঙ কুঙ-ৰিণ) কাচিতৰাৰ লগত যুঁজিবলৈ দৈথাং পৰ্বতলৈ পঠায়। ইফালে চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ তামুলী গজৰাই বৰুৱা আৰু তেওঁৰ পৰিয়ালক আহোম বাহিনীয়ে বন্দী কৰে‌ আৰু চুতীয়া ৰজা ৰাণীৰ আত্মগোপন স্থান প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হয়। বুৰঞ্জী অনুসৰি সেহি সময় চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ তামুলী গজৰায় বৰুৱা হাবিত পলাই আছিল। তাৰে ল'ৰাৰ কান্দন শুনি ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙৰ পুত্ৰ ঘৰ সন্দিকৈয়ে বেঢ়ি ধৰিলে‌ বোলে-"ৰজাৰ কথা ক নকলে‌ কাটিম।" এই বুলি তাৰ ল'ৰা তিৰোতাক বন্দী কৰি তাক পঠাই দিলে। বহু প্ৰচেষ্টা সত্ত্বেও গজৰায়ে ৰজাক বিচাৰি নাপাইছিল। শেষত ৰাণীৰ ভোক লাগিলত জুৰি‌ এখনৰ কাষত ভাত ৰান্ধোতে উঠা ধোঁৱা দেখিহে গম পালে আৰু সেইমতে আহোম বিষয়াসকলক জনালেহি যে চুতীয়া ৰজা ৰাণীয়ে চন্দনগিৰিৰ এখন পাহাৰীয়া জুৰিৰ ওচৰত আশ্ৰয় লৈছে।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K.,''Assam Buranji(SM)'',p.10</ref> চন্দনগিৰি পৰ্বতত উঠিবৰ কাৰণে আহোম সেনাই আপ্ৰাণ চেষ্টা চলাইও সফল নহয়। চুতীয়া সেনাই ওপৰৰ পৰা শিল বগৰাই আৰু দলিয়াই বহুতো আক্ৰমণকাৰীৰ বধ কৰে। সাতসৰী আৰু অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ (SM)ৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে সেই সময়ত [[সতী সাধনী|সাধনী ৰাণী]]‌ গৰ্ভৱতী আছিল। GC Baruaৰ আহোম ভাষাৰ বুৰঞ্জীত ৰাণী/কোঁৱৰী গৰাকীক‌ নাঙ-লুং কোৱা হৈছে। লগতে উল্লেখ আছে ৰজা আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ। যিহেতু নাঙ-লুঙৰ অৰ্থ ৰাণী নে‌ কোঁৱৰী সঠিক কয় ক'ব নোৱাৰি গতিকে এই তিনি গৰাকী লোক নাইবা ধীৰনাৰায়ণ, সাধনী আৰু নীতিপাল/সাধকনাৰায়ণ বা নীতিপাল, সাধনী আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হ'ব পাৰে। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে নীতিপাল সাধনীৰ বিয়া ১৫১২ৰ আগতেই হৈ গৈছিল কাৰণ অসম বুৰঞ্জী(SM)ৰ অনুসৰি ১৫১৩ চনত ধীৰনাৰায়ণক আহোমৰ বিষয়ে তেওঁৰ জোঁৱায়েকে খবৰ দিছিল। সাধনী আৰু নীতিপালৰ‌ লগতে ১২০ গৰাকী কোঁৱৰীয়েও শিলা কুচাই বিৰোধী পক্ষৰ সৈনিকক মাৰে। আহোম সৈন্য চন্দনগিৰি পৰ্বতত উঠিবলৈ সক্ষম নহৈ পিছুৱাই আহিব লগাত পৰে আৰু এজন চুতীয়া সৈনিকক লগত ধৰি আনে। ইয়াৰ পাছত আক্ৰমণকাৰী সকলে ৰননীতি কৰি পৰ্বতৰ তিনিফালে বেৰি ধৰিব লয়। চাও ৰু-পক আৰু কিছু লোক ঘিলা গছৰ সহায়ত চন্দনগিৰি পাহাৰত উঠিল, কিন্তু মানুহ নেদেখিলে। আগ বাঢ়ি গৈ এখন গাঁও পালে আৰু তাত দুকুৰিমান মানুহ দেখিলে। চুতীয়া বুৰঞ্জী অনুসৰি ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই কিছু লোকক ঘিলা গছত উঠি [[ঢোল]] বজাবলৈ আদেশ দিয়ে। হয়তো এই সকল আগতে ধৰি অনা‌ চুতীয়া বন্দী আছিল। আগৰ দিনত ঢোল বজোৱাটো যুদ্ধত জয়ৰ প্ৰতীক আছিল। ঢোল বজাই বিজয়ৰ কথা জনাই দিয়া হয়। সেই বাবে পাহাৰৰ ওপৰত উঠি থকা ৰজা ৰাণীয়ে বিহুৰ বতৰত ঢোলৰ মাত শুনি বাহিৰলৈ উলাই আহে আৰু তিনিও ফালৰ পৰা শত্ৰুৰ আক্ৰমণৰ বলি হয়। নীতিপালক আহোম সেনাই বৰদ্বাৰত দেখিলে। তথাপিও চুতীয়া সেনানী যি সকল আছিলে সেই সকলে আকৌ শিল দলিয়াই কিছু শত্ৰুক মাৰিলে।নীতিপালে শত্ৰুৰ গালৈ কাড় মাৰিবলৈ লয় যদিও বিৰোধী পক্ষৰ জানমোঙখাম হাতীবৰুৱাৰ (ফু-কে-চং) কাড় লাগি মৃত্যু বৰণ কৰে। সাধনীয়ে নিজৰ মহিলা সৈন্য বাহিনীক লগত লয় যুঁজ দিয়ে যদিও শেষত পৰাস্ত হৈ চন্দনগিৰিৰ পৰা জাপ মাৰে। প্ৰায় সংখ্যক বুৰঞ্জীত সাধনীয়ে আত্মবলিদান কৰিছিল বুলি আছে যদিও গোপাল চন্দ্ৰ বৰবৰুৱাৰ টাই ভাষাৰ বুৰঞ্জীত ৰাণীৰ (নাঙ-লুং) গাত যাঠি লাগিছিল বুলি উল্লেখ আছে। যিকি নহওক এই তথ্য পৰাও ৰানী সাধনীয়ে আত্মসমৰ্পণ নকৰি শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দিয়াৰ কথাহে পোহৰলৈ আনে, কাৰণ আত্মসমৰ্পণ কৰা হ'লে তেওঁক যাঠি মাৰি আক্ৰমণ কৰা নহ'ল হয়। আনপিনে কাচিতৰাক কনচেঙে দৈথাং পৰ্বতত পৰাস্ত কৰে। <ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 19.</ref> [[File:Statue of Queen Sadhani Narayan.jpg|thumb|চুতীয়া বংশৰ শেষ ৰাণী বীৰাঙ্গনা সাধনী নাৰায়ণীৰ প্ৰতিমূর্তি]] ===ৰাজ্য পতনৰ পৰবৰ্তী পৰিস্থিতি=== চুতীয়া ৰজা নীতিপাল, তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ আৰু কাচিতৰা তিনিওৰে মূৰ চন্দগিৰি আৰু দৈথাঙৰ পৰা কাটি আনি শদিয়াত থকা চুহুংমুঙৰ আগত প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। দেওধাই বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে সাধনীৰ মূৰটো কাটি অনা হৈছিল। ৰজা আৰু পুত্ৰৰ মূৰ কেইটা নচোৱাই পৰ্বতত মুণ্ডামালা বান্ধি শেষত চৰাইদেউৰ শালৰ খটখটিত পোতি থোৱা হয়। অসম বুৰঞ্জী(SM)ৰ মতে আহোম সেনাই সাধনীৰ মৃত শৰীৰৰ পৰা কঁকালত পিন্ধা সোণৰ কঙ্কালি লয় আনি শদিয়াৰ থানলৈ আনিছিল, কিন্তু তাত কিছুমান চুতীয়াই আক্ৰমণ কৰি লাপিত ফাংত্যাং দেওধাই নামৰ এজনক বধ কৰিছিল। Edward Gaitৰ‌ A History of Assamত উল্লেখ কৰা‌ মতে ৰাণীৰ মৃত্যু যাঠী লাগ হৈছিল। GC Baruaৰ Ahom Buranjiত ৰাণীৰ(নাঙ-লুং) বিষয়ে দিয়া আছে যদিও এই অংশৰ অনুবাদ দিয়া হোৱা নাই। অংশটোত "টিং" শব্দৰ উল্লেখ চাই ক'ব পাৰি যে ইয়াতো ৰাণীৰ গাত "যাঠী" লগাৰ কথাই উল্লেখ আছে। "পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ অনুসৰি কোঁৱৰী কিছুমানক কাটিছিল আৰু কিছুমানক ধৰি আনিছিল<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra,"Purani Assam Buranji, p. 42</ref>। অন্য বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত এই অংশত ৰানী সাধনীৰ(নাঙ-লুং) কথ উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই। ===চুতীয়া ভূমিৰ বিতৰণ=== শদিয়া ৰাজধানী শাসন কৰিবলৈ ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁইক তিনিশ সৈনিক দিয়া হৈছিল। শদিয়া আৰু দিহিং অঞ্চলত নতুনকৈ আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ মানুহ আনি থাকিবলৈ দিয়া হয়। ‌চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰদেশ সমূহ ভাল দৰে শাসন কৰিবলৈ বহুতো নতুন পদবী সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়। ১৫২৬ চনত চাওচেং কুঙৰিন (ধনুধৰিয়া গোহাঁই)‌ কনচেঙক থাওমৌঙ মৌঙ-তেও (ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁই বা নামনিয়াল সন্দিকৈ<ref>Satsari Buranji, p.62</ref>) পতা হয়। এইজনক হাবুঙ অঞ্চলত ৰখা হয় আৰু ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰৰ বিশ্বনাথৰ, লখিমপুৰ আৰু ধেমাজি শাসন কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হয়।‌ একেই বছৰতে থাওমৌঙ বানলুং (বানলুঙীয়া গোহাঁই) খেওখেনক থাওমৌঙ লৌঙ-ক্লং (দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই)‌ পতা‌ হয়। সেই‌ সময়ত দিহিং নৈ পাটকাইৰ পৰা ডিগবৈ, দিহিং-পাটকাই অৰণ্য, তিপাম,‌ নাহৰকটীয়া, মৰাণহাট, চেপন, বকতা, চৰগুৱা হৈ ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰৰ সমান্তৰাল ভাৱে বৈ গৈ পশ্চিম মাজুলী/বোকাখাত অঞ্চলত ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰত পাৰিছিল। এইজন গোহাঁইক দিহিং প্ৰদেশ অৰ্থাৎ মাজুলী, উত্তৰ শিৱসাগৰ, ডিব্ৰুগড় আৰু দক্ষিণ তিনিচুকীয়া লৈকে শাসন‌ কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হয়। সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে প্ৰথমতে ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁইক শদিয়াৰ ৰাজ আৰু কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক দিহিং ৰাজ দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>Satsari Buranji, p.68</ref> ১৫২৬ চনত হোৱা চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহৰ ফলত ডিব্ৰুগড়ত নতুন এখন প্ৰদেশ গঠন কৰি ১৫২৭ত চাওলুং চুলিঙক শাসনকৰ্তা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়, যাতে ১৫২৬ৰ দৰে শদিয়া অঞ্চলত পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ হ'লে ডিব্ৰু প্ৰদেশৰ সেনাই শদিয়া বাহিনীৰ সহযোগ কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও একেই‌ সময়তে কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক "থাও-মুঙ-বঙেন" পাতি তিনিচুকীয়া অঞ্চল শাসন(সোণাৰীৰ পৰা লুইতৰ লৈকে) কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হয়। শদিয়াৰ মহং (নগা পাহাৰৰ মহঙতকৈ পৃথক) অঞ্চলৰ লোণৰ খাট ৰক্ষা কৰিবলৈ "থাও-মুঙ-বক্লাঙ" বা‌ হাটখোৱা গোহাঁই নিযুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। বুৰঞ্জীৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে ১৫২৯ চনত হোৱা চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহত দুয়োজন গোহাঁই (ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোঁহাই আৰু কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁই) একেলগে শদিয়া-তিনিচুকীয়া অঞ্চলতে শাসন কৰি আছিল। একেই বছৰৰে(১৫২৭) শেষৰ পিনে কনচেঙক ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁইৰ পৰা নতুন পদবী‌ "চাও-চেঙলুং"‌(ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী) দিয়া হয়<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, ''Ahom Buranji'', p.61</ref>। পূৰ্বতে ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী পদবীটো বৰগোঁহাই বা বুঢ়াগোহাঁই এজনক দিয়া হৈছিল। ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী পাতি চুহুংমুঙে কনচেঙক দুয়োজন‌ গোহাঁইৰ লগত একেই শাৰিতে ৰাখি সমমৰ্যাদা দিছিল। চুতীয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰ পদবীটো চুহুংমুঙৰ‌ দিনটো অব্যাহত আছিল। চুক্লেংমুঙ(চুহুংমুঙৰ পুত্ৰ) ৰজাৰ দিনত চুতীয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰ এজনৰ সমৰ্থন পাই হাবুঙৰ ব্ৰাহ্মণ মুখিয়াল এজনে বিদ্ৰোহ কৰে। ফলত যুদ্ধ এখন হয় য'ত বৰপাত্ৰ জনৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু ব্ৰাহ্মণজন বেহাৰলৈ পলাই যায়<ref> সুকুমাৰ মহন্তৰ ঘৰত পোৱা অসম বুৰঞ্জী, ২৫ পৃষ্ঠাত আছে-"সেই সময়ত ৰজা দাই ধৰিলে, বোলে-'চুটিয়া মাৰি ভূঞা বিলাকক মাৰি-কাটি বুপা ৰজায়ে ময়েহে ৰাজ্য লৈছো। বামুণে যে ৰজা‌ হয় চুটিয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰকনো কিহলৈ থৈছোঁ?' এহি বুলি বৰপাত্ৰক মাৰিলে, বামুণকো ‌মাৰিব চালে, সপুত্ৰবান্ধৱে বেহাৰলৈ পলাই গেʼল। " </ref>। এই বৰপাত্ৰ জন হয়টো পুৰণি চুতীয়া বৰপাত্ৰ জনেই আছিল (ডিব্ৰাৰুগড় ৰণত আত্মসমৰ্পণ কৰিব পাৰে) বা‌ একেই পৰিয়ালৰ লোক আছিল‌‌। তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছতে হয়টো "চাও-চেঙলুং" আৰু "বৰপাত্ৰ" উপাধি দুটা মিলি "বৰপাত্ৰগোঁহাই" হিচাপে জনাজাত হয়।<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516963?read-now=1&seq=18#page_scan_tab_contents Guha, Amalendu, ''The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)'',p. 20,''It appears that the noble designation of Barpatragohain was borrowed from the civil list of Habung where the local ruler, a dependent of the Chutia king, had the title of Vrihatpatra''.]</ref> এই‌ সকলো কথাৰ পৰা সহজে ধৰিব পাৰি যে চুহুংমুঙে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া বিষয়া সকলৰ ঠাইতেই একো একোটা নতুন পদবী গঠন কৰিছিল। চুতীয়া বৰপাত্ৰৰ ঠাইত প্ৰথমতে ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁই আৰু পাছলৈ বৰপাত্ৰ গোহাঁই, মাণিক চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাৰ ঠাইত দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই, ডিব্ৰুৰ বুঢ়া বৰুৱাৰ ঠাইত চাওলুং চুলিঙ আৰু শদিয়া-তিনিচুকীয়াত কাচিতৰা বৰুৱা বা ৰজাৰ ঠাইত দুয়ো প্ৰমুখ গোহাঁই। ইয়াৰ পাছত দিহিঙৰ পাৰৰ বকতাত নতুন ৰাজধানী এখন নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হয়।<ref>Ahom Buranji(GC Barua), p.64</ref> ==ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰশাসনিক আৰু সামৰিক ব্যৱস্থা== ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ স্থাপত্য আৰু কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন== ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যত পোৱা সম্পদ== চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা কমাৰ, সোণাৰি, কমাৰ, কুমাৰ, কহাৰ, তাতি, খনিকৰ, বাঢ়ৈ, বামুণ, কায়স্থ, গণক, কলিতা, ইত্যাদি বহুতো ভিন্ন ভিন্ন‌‌ বৃক্তিকৰ লোক পোৱা‌ গৈছিল। ইয়াৰ বহুতো লোকক ৰজাই নিজৰ ৰাজধানী লৈ লয় আনে।‌ চুতীয়াৰ বাহিৰে মিচিং‌,‌ দেউৰী, কিছু মৰাণ আৰু কোচ জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকো চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ নাগৰিক আছিল। তাৰে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ মিচিং সকলক "চুতীয়া মিৰি" কোৱা‌ হৈছিল যি‌ সকল আজিৰ দিনৰ বাৰগাম মিচিং যেনে দলে, পেগু, পায়েং, টাইদ, ইত্যাদি। চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ শুকান মাংসৰ ভৰালী জন কোচ লোক আছিল। তিনি হাজাৰ চুতীয়া কমাৰক চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই যোৰহাট জিলাৰ বছাৰ পিনে আৰু তাৰে উজনি অঞ্চলত বহুৱাইছিল<ref>Sarma, Benudhar, ''Maniram Dewan, p.287</ref>। বন্দী হোৱা লোকৰ পৰা বিভিন্ন "চেতিয়া" খেল/বংশও সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ বাহিৰে শদিয়াত বহুতো সম্পদ যেনে সোণৰ মাইহাং, কেকুৰা দোলা,‌‌ কলাই খাৰ,‌‌ সোণৰ তিনিচুকীয়া সিংহাসন, খাট, ভোগজৰা, বেলা, জাপি, পিকদান, আৰোৱান, দবা, কালি, হিলৈ, বৰটোপ (মিঠাহুলোং),‌ হিলৈ-তোলা চৰা নাও, চুতীয়া ধেনু, বৰধেনু, বাৰু-বৰ্চা, ইত্যাদি পোৱা গৈছিল। বহুতো ঘোৰা, গৰু-মʼহ আৰু হাতীও লাভ কৰা হৈছিল। সম্পদ সমূহ শদিয়াৰ পৰা দিহিং নৈয়ে দি ৰাজধানী‌ লৈ অনা হয় ‌আৰু পাছলৈ চাৰিং অঞ্চলত ৰখা হয়। এখিনি চুতীয়া লোকক চাৰিঙত পাতি নাওবৈচা খেল সৃষ্টি কৰে,‌ য'ৰ পৰা পাছলৈ শেনচোৱা, তাঙোন ধৰা, বচোৱাল বোৱা, ইত্যাদি খেলৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। এই নাওবৈচা সকলে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা পোৱা চৰানাও চলাই। একেধৰণে এখিনি লোকক লয় হিলৈধাৰী ফৈদ গঠন কৰা হৈছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছত আহোম সকলে প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে মিৰি, মিচিমি, আবৰ, দফলা, ইত্যাদি পাহাৰীয়া জাতিৰ সম্পৰ্কত আহে।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji,p.14, 61</ref> ==ৰজা সকলৰ তালিকা== {|class="wikitable" |+ '''ৰজাৰ তালিকাত''' |- ! # ! বছৰ ! ৰাজত্ব কাল ! নাম ! অন্য নাম |---- | ১. | ১১৮৭ - ১২২০ | ৩৩ ব | বীৰপাল | গয়াপাল |---- | ২. | ১২২০ - ১২৫৫ | ৩৫ ব | [[ৰত্নধ্বজপাল]] | গৌৰীনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৩. | ১২৫৫ - ১২৭০ | ১৫ ব | বিজয়ধ্বজপাল | শিৱনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৪. | ১২৭০ - ১২৮৫ | ১৫ ব | বিক্ৰমধ্বজপাল | জগতনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৫. | ১২৮৫ - ১৩০৫ | ২০ ব | গৌৰধ্বজপাল | প্ৰমত্তনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৬. | ১৩০৫ - ১৩২৫ | ২০ ব | শঙ্খধ্বজপাল | হৰিনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৭. | ১৩২৫ - ১৩৪৩ | ১৮ ব | ময়ূৰধ্বজপাল | গোলোকনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৮. | ১৩৪৩ - ১৩৬০ |১৭ ব | জয়ধ্বজপাল | বজ্ৰনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৯. | ১৩৬০ - ১৩৮০ | ২০ ব | কৰ্মধ্বজপাল | নন্দেশ্বৰ/নন্দিনৃপ |---- | ১০. | ১৩৮০ - ১৪০০ | ২০ ব | সত্যনাৰায়ণ | ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ |---- | ১১. | ১৪০০ - ১৪১৫ | ১৫ ব | লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণ | ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ |---- | ১২. | ১৪১৫ - ১৪৩০ | ১৫ ব | দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৩. | ১৪৩০- ১৪৪৫ | ১৫ ব | মুক্তধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৪. | ১৪৪৫ - ১৪৬৫ | ২০ ব | প্ৰত্যক্ষনাৰায়ণ/প্ৰতাপনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৫. | ১৪৬৫ - ১৪৮০ | ১৫ ব | যশনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৬. | ১৪৮০- ১৫০০ | ২০ ব | পুৰন্দৰধ্বজপাল | পুৰন্দৰনাৰায়ণ |---- | ১৭. | ১৫০০ - ১৫২২ | ২২ ব | ধৰ্মধ্বজপাল | [[ধীৰনাৰায়ণ]] |---- | ১৮. | ১৫২২ - ১৫২৪ | ২ ব | নীতিপাল/নিত্যপাল | চন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণ |} ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ হিলৈ-বৰতোপৰ প্ৰচলন== হিলৈ-বৰতোপ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ এক মূল্যৱান উন্নত অস্ত্ৰ আছিল। এই ৰাজ্যৰ হিলৈ-বৰতোপৰ প্ৰচলনৰ কথা বহুতো ঐতিহাসিক তথ্য পোৱা যায়। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে আহোম ৰজাই চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী শদিয়াৰ পৰা আন সম্পদৰ লগতে হিলৈ<ref>Bhuyan, S.K,"Deodhai Assam Buranji", p. 126</ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K,"Assam Buranji(SM), p.10</ref><ref>হিতেশ্বৰ বৰবৰুৱা, আহোমৰ দিন, p.49</ref> আৰু হিলৈ তোলা চ'ৰানাও উদ্ধাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>Phukan, Kasinath Tamuli, "Assam Buranji",p.17-18</ref><ref>Bhuyan,S.K,"Satsari Buranji,p.135</ref> মনিৰাম‌ দেৱানৰ লেখনীৰ মতে "মিঠা হুলং" বৰটোপ টো চুতীয়া সকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল।<ref>Sharma, Benudhar.''Maniram Dewan, p.289.''</ref> তেওঁ লিখিছে, ''"ওপৰত যিকেইটা তোপৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছে তাৰ ভিতৰত মিঠাহোলোং বোলাবিধ পোন-প্ৰথমতে দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাই চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ পৰা পায়।"'' চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাই ৩০০০ চুতীয়া কমাৰক গোলাঘাট-যোৰহাট জিলাত সংস্থাপিত কৰি বৰটোপ-হিলৈ, ইত্যাদি বনাবলৈ আদেশ দিছিল। মনিৰাম দেৱানে উল্লেখ কৰিছে,‌ {{blockquote|"তেওঁ বিলাকৰ(চুতীয়াৰ) পৰা ভালেমান দোলা, কালী,...,হিলৈ আৰু কলাই খাৰৰ(gunpowder) বাদেও অসংখ্য কমাৰ কাম কৰা মানুহ বন্দী কৰি আনে। ৰজাই তেওঁবিলাকৰ কিছুমানক বচাৰ পিনে আৰু কিছুমানক উজনিৰ পিনে বহুৱালে আৰু কমাৰ শাল পতাই লো-দা-কটাৰী, হিলৈ, বৰতোপ আদি গঢ়িবলৈ আহিলাপাতি যতাই দিলে। তেওঁ বিলাকৰ ভিতৰত কামৰ ভাল-বেয়া চাবলৈ হাজৰিকা, শইকীয়াও পাতি দিলে।‌ দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাৰ দিনৰ পৰাহে অসম ৰাজ্যত(আহোম ৰাজ্যত) কমাৰৰ খেল আৰু ব্যৱসায় চলন্তি হয়। দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাৰ দিনত অসমত ৩০০০ কমাৰ আছিল।"}} [[File:Ahom cannons.jpg|thumb|আহোম যুগৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা উদ্ধাৰ কৰা মিঠাহুলং বৰটোপ]] ইতিহাসবিদ হিতেশ্বৰ বৰবৰুৱাই নিজৰ গ্ৰন্থ "আহোমৰ দিন"ত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে চুহুংমুঙৰ দিনত চুতীয়াৰ পৰা বৰতোপ-হিলৈ অধিকাৰ কৰাৰ পাছৰপৰাহে আহোম ৰজাসকলে অসমত আগ্নেয় অস্ত্ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ ধৰে।<ref>হিতেশ্বৰ বৰবৰুৱা, আহোমৰ দিন, p.451</ref> চুতীয়াৰ পৰাজয়ৰ পাছত গৌড় ৰাজ্যৰ সেনাই ১৫২৭ আৰু ১৫৩২ত দুবাৰকৈ অসম আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল। এই যুদ্ধত গৌড় সেনাই হিলৈ-বৰটোপ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল যদিও আহোম সেনাই কেৱল ধেনু কাঁড় হে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। অৱশ্যে এই যুদ্ধতো আহোম সেনাই বহুতো হিলৈ-বৰটোপ উদ্ধাৰ কৰিছিল‌।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji", p. 61-68</ref> ১৫৩৬ চনত নগা বিৰুদ্ধে হোৱা ৰণত প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে আহোম সৈন্যৰ হাতত বৰটোপ থকা কথা উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji", p. 75</ref> তদুপৰি আহোম সেনাই ১৬১৭ চনত মোগলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে হে প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে হিলৈ-বৰটোপ ব্যবহাৰ কৰিব লৈছিল বুলি জনা যায়<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji", p. 75</ref>। নাওবৈচা ফুকনৰ বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে খোৰা ৰজাৰ দিনত(১৫৫২-১৬০৩) প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে চুতীয়া লোকক নিযুক্তি দি হিলৈদাৰী ফৈদ গঠন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>নাওবৈচা ফুকনৰ বুৰঞ্জী, p.55</ref><ref>The Chutiyas being expert warrior knew the use of matchlocks. After their subjugation, the Chutiyas were, therefore engaged in manufacturing matchlocks and they became prominent in the ''Hiloidhari-Khel'' (guild for manufacturing matchlocks)"{{harvcol|Dutta|1985|p=30}}</ref> হেমকোষ অভিধানত চুতীয়া সকলৰ হিলৈক "চুতীয়া হিলৈ" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। বৃটিছৰ ১৮৯১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লত "হিলেদাৰী"ৰ বাহিৰেও "চুতীয়া-হিলৈদাৰী" বুলি এটা পৃথক খেল/শ্ৰেণীৰ উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। এই সকলে হয়টো ৰণত "চুতীয়া হিলৈ" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YvV-VI_2YRkC&pg=PR67&dq=sutiyahilaidari&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiiqITCufiRAxXdwTgGHeU5KJcQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false Census of India 1891, p. 17]</ref> ==চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহ== ১৫২৪ চনত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন হৈছিল যদিও চুতীয়া সকলৰ মনৰ পৰা স্বাধীনতা আৰু স্বৰাজৰ আশা নাইকিয়া হৈ যোৱা নাছিল। চিৰদিন স্বাধীন হৈ থকা চুতীয়া সকলে বীৰাঙ্গণা ৰাণী সাধনীৰ আত্মোৎসৰ্গৰ কথা সোঁৱৰি পুনৰ জাগ্ৰত হৈ উঠিল আৰু বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰিলে। এই বিদ্ৰোহ ১৫২৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৭০০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ লৈকে চলিছিল। ১৭৭০ দখকৰ মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহে জাতিটোৰ শেষ বিদ্ৰোহ বুলি কব পাৰি যাৰ ফলত সকলো নহলেও এটা অংশয়ে স্বাধীন হৈ নিজৰ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী শদিয়া ধ্বংস হোৱাৰ ফলত বহুতো ৰাজকোঁৱৰ আৰু সম্ভ্ৰান্ত পৰিয়ালৰ লোকে পাহাৰীয়া মিচিং, মিচিমি জাতিৰ লোক সকলৰ মাজত আশ্ৰয় লৈছিল আৰু প্ৰথম বিদ্ৰোহ এই সকল লোকে আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। এই কথা কোচ ৰজা সকলৰ দৰং ৰাজ বংশাৱলীতো উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। <poem>"পূৰ্বে চুটিয়াৰ ৰজা সিঠাৱে আছিল। অন্যায়ে অসম ছল কৰিয়া মাৰিলে॥ যিমতে মাৰিল তাৰ শুনিয়ো কাহিনী। বলে নপাৰিয়া স্বৰ্গী ৰাজা মনে গুণি॥ ৩৬৪ ... তাৰ পুত্ৰ ভাই যত সকলে পলাইল। মিৰি মিচিমিত পশি প্ৰাণক ৰাখিলা॥ চুটিয়াৰ ৰাজাক মাৰিয়া ছলে বলে। লৈলা সেহি ৰাজ্যক অসমে কৌতূহলে॥ ৩৭১</poem> * ১৫২৬ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া চুতীয়া সকলে প্ৰথম বিদ্ৰোহ ১৫২৬ চনৰ ফাগুন মাহত ৰাজধানী শদিয়াত ঘোষণা কৰিছিল, অৰ্থাৎ ৰাজ্য পতনৰ ৩ বছৰৰ পাছত। বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ আৰু ফ্ৰাচেংমুং বৰগোহাঁইক সহযোগ কৰিবলৈ দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁইক পঠিওৱা হৈছিল। যুদ্ধত বিদ্ৰোহী সকলৰ হাতত ফ্ৰাচেংমুং বৰগোহাঁইৰ হাতী প্লাইপাম আৰু দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই মৰা পৰিছিল। কিন্তু শেষ পৰ্যায়ত বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হৈ উভতি যাবলৈ বাধ্য হ'ল। এই বিদ্ৰোহৰ ফলত চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই বহুতো প্ৰশাসনীয় পৰিবৰ্তন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হৈছিল। ১৫২৭ চনৰ জেঠ মাহত, ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলত নতুন এখন প্ৰদেশ গঠন কৰি তাত চাওলুং চুলিঙক শাসনকৰ্তা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হৈছিল, যাতে শদিয়া অঞ্চলত পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ হ'লে ডিব্ৰু প্ৰদেশৰ সেনাই শদিয়া বাহিনীৰ সহযোগ কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক "থাও-মুঙ-বঙেন" পাতি পশ্চিম শদিয়া অঞ্চলত (তিনিচুকীয়াৰ সোণাৰিৰ(কাংখাম) পৰা লুহিত নদীৰ গুৰি লৈকে) শাসন কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হ'ল। * ১৫২৯ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া প্ৰথম বিদ্ৰোহৰ দুবছৰ পাছতে ১৫২৯ চনৰ পুহ মাহত শদিয়াৰ চুতীয়া সকলে আকৌ মুৰ দাঙি উঠিলে। এইবাৰ চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙক সহযোগ কৰিবলৈ চাও চুক্লান (তিপামৰ পৰা) আৰু কিংলুনক সহযোগ কৰিবলৈ চাওলুং চুলিঙক (ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ পৰা) পঠিয়ালে। ইয়াৰ পাছত চুহুংমুঙে চুক্লেংমুঙ ৰাজকোঁৱৰক ৰাজধানীত ৰাখি সকলো বিষয়ববীয়াৰ সৈতে নিজে শদিয়া আহি উপস্থিত হয়। লুহিতৰ পাৰত, ডিবাং নৈৰ পাৰত, মাৰানকাও, চন্দনগিৰি পৰ্বত, দৈথাং পৰ্বত, ইত্যাদি বিভিন্ন ঠাইত কেইবাখনো যুদ্ধ হয়। প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ত বিদ্ৰোহী সকলে চাও চুলিঙক ধৰি নিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল কিন্তু পাছৰ পৰ্যায়ত এৰি দিলে। বহু মাহ যুদ্ধ লগা পাছত শেষত বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হ'ল। যুদ্ধত লাভ কৰা সকলো ধন আৰু সম্পত্তি ৰজা আৰু মন্ত্ৰী সকলে নিজৰ মাজতে ভাগ কৰি ল'লে আৰু ৰজাই বৰগোহাঁই আৰু বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক শদিয়াত ৰাখি নিজে ৰাজধানী লৈ ঘূৰি গ'ল। * ১৫৪২ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, দিচাং নৈৰ পাৰত চুতীয়া সকলে পুনৰ বাৰ ১৫৪২ চনত ৰজা চুক্লেংমুঙৰ দিনত বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰে কৰিছিল। এইবাৰ ১৫৪২ চনৰ বহাগ মাহত ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে শিৱসাগৰৰ দিচাং নৈৰ ওচৰত আহোম মন্ত্ৰী চেং-হাননক পৰাস্ত কৰি স্বৰাজ ঘোষণা কৰে। কিন্তু ইয়াৰ পাছতে চুক্লেংমুঙে চাওলুং তিমাক বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ পঠিয়াই আৰু দুবছৰ লৈকে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চল ধ্বংস কৰে যাতে কোনো চুতীয়া সকলে পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ কৰিবলৈ সাহস নকৰে। * ১৫৫০ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া ১৫৫০ চনত শদিয়াখোৱা গোহাঁইৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত, কংসপাত্ৰ নামৰ চুতীয়া নায়ক এজনে শদিয়াত বিদ্ৰোহ কৰি নিজকে ৰজা বুলি ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ বহুতো ৰাজকোঁৱৰে তেওঁক সহযোগ কৰিছিল আৰু শদিয়াত উপস্থিত হৈ আহোম ৰজাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ কৰিবলৈ সাজু হৈছিল। এই যুদ্ধ ৩ বছৰ লৈকে চলিছিল আৰু শেষত কংসপাত্ৰৰ লগতে বহুতো চুতীয়াই মৃত্যু বৰণ কৰিছিল। ৰাজকোঁৱৰ সকলৰ ভিতৰত কিছুমানৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল আৰু বাকী থকা সকলক বন্দী বনাই পাছলৈ চাৰিঙত থাকিবলৈ দিয়া হৈছিল। * ১৫৬৫ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, নামৰূপ আৰু খেৰাম ১৫৬৫ চনৰ মাঘ মাহত ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰি নামৰূপ আৰু খেৰাম(বৰ্তমান ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰৰ খেৰেমীয়া) অঞ্চলৰ আহোম গাঁও সমূহ আক্ৰমণ কৰি লুণ্ঠন কৰিছিল। ৰজাই বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ চাওলুং তিপামক পঠিয়াইছিল। বিদ্ৰোহী সকলৰ লগত হোৱা যুদ্ধত চাওলুং তিমাৰ হাতী আহত হৈছিল যাৰ বাবে তেওঁ যুদ্ধ এৰি দিহিং পাৰ হৈ উভতি আহে। ইয়াৰ পাছত বিদ্ৰোহৰ কি পৰিণতি হ'ল গম পোৱা নাযায়। সম্ভৱতঃ পাছলৈ বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰা হৈছিল। * ১৫৭২ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া ১৫৭২ চনত পুনৰ বাব চুতীয়া সেনাপতি এজনৰ নেতৃত্বত শদিয়া অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে মুৰ দাঙি উঠে। বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ চাওলুং চাৰিং, চাওফ্ৰাংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই, শদিয়া খোৱা গোঁহাই, ইত্যাদি বহুতো বিষয়ববীয়াক পঠিওৱা হৈছিল। আহোম সেনাৰ তুলনাত বিদ্ৰোহী সকলৰ সংখ্যা কম থকাৰ বাবে বিদ্ৰোহী সকল কানচাই আৰু পুখুৰীখনা নামৰ অঞ্চল লৈ আতঁৰি আহিছিল আৰু সেই অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলৰ সহযোগত পুনৰ ৰণ কৰিছিল। কিন্তু দুৰ্ভাগ্যবশতঃ বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হৈছিল। চুতীয়া সেনাপতি, কানচাইৰ মুখিয়াল আৰু অন্য বহুতো চুতীয়া সৈন্যক বন্দী বনাই ৰাজধানী লৈ লয় অনা হৈছিল। * ১৬৬৫ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, উত্তৰ পাৰ ১৬৬৫ চনত আহোম সেনা নগা সকলৰ লগত হোৱা যুদ্ধত ব্যস্ত আছিল। এই সুযোগ লয়, উত্তৰ পাৰৰ লখিমপুৰৰ এখিনি চুতীয়া লোকে মিৰি আৰু দফলা লোকৰ লগত মিলি বিদ্ৰোহ কৰিছিল। কিন্তু বিদ্ৰোহ সফল নহ'ল। * ১৬৭৩ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, উত্তৰ পাৰ ১৬৭৩ চনত ধেমাজি অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰি ৰূপা(বৰ্তমানৰ ৰূপহী) আৰু ডিমৌ(বৰ্তমানৰ ধেমাজিৰ ডিমৌ) মিৰি সকলে আহোম ৰজাক কৰ হিচাপে দিয়া মাৰ নাও তোলাই লৈ গৈছিল। এই কথা শুনি আহোম ৰজাই চুতীয়া অঞ্চললৈ কটকী পঠিয়াই নাও সমূহ ঘূৰাই দিবলৈ আদেশ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু চুতীয়া সকলে আদেশ নামানিলে। ইয়াৰ পাছত সকলো চুতীয়া দেউলীয়া নামৰ গাঁৱ এখনত একগোট হৈছিল। কটকীৰ খবৰ পাই আহোম ৰজাই তিনিমুখিয়া অঞ্চলত থকা নাৰাই নামৰ চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহী নেতা জনক ধৰি আনিবলৈ সৈনিক পঠিয়ালে। ইয়াৰ পাছত ৰজাই শদিয়াখোৱা গোঁহাই আৰু মৰঙ্গীখোৱা গোহাঁইক চেঁচামুখত গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰি যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সাজু হ'বলৈ আদেশ দিলে। দিহিং নদীৰ পাৰত আন এটা গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হ'ল। তাৰ পাছত আহোম সেনাই দিহিং পাৰ হৈ মাজুলী হৈ চুতীয়া গাঁৱলৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহিল। চুতীয়া সকলেও হাতত ধেনু-কাড় লয় দেউলীয়া গাঁৱৰ পৰা মিৰি গাঁৱ এখনলৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহিলে। আহোম ৰজাই পুনৰ চুতীয়া সকলৰ ওচৰলৈ কটকী পঠিয়াইলে। চুতীয়া বৰুৱা জনে অৱশেষত বশ্যতা স্বীকাৰ কৰিলে, কিন্তু নিজৰ গৰু-ছাগলী, হাঁহ-কুকুৰ, ইত্যাদি সকলো হেৰুৱালে। নাৰাই আৰু অন্য চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহী নেতা সকলক মদ্যপান কৰোৱাই পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ নকৰিবলৈ প্ৰতিজ্ঞা কৰালে। সবল আৰু শক্তিশালী চুতীয়া সৈনিক সকলৰ বন্দী বনোৱা হ'ল আৰু অন্য চুতীয়া সকলক প্ৰতি বছৰে কৰ হিচাপে নাও দিবলৈ আদেশ দিয়া হ'ল। * ১৭৬৯-১৮০৫ চনৰ মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহ মায়ামৰা ধৰ্মীয় চুতীয়া সকলে ১৭৬৯ চনত আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰি ১৭৯১ লৈকে বেংমৰা নামৰ পৃথক ৰাজ্য এখন গঠন কৰিছিল। মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহত ভাগ লোৱা জনগোষ্ঠী সমূহৰ মাজত দ্বিতীয় সৰ্বাধিক লোক চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠীৰ আছিল। বেংমৰা ৰাজ্যৰ ৰজা সৰ্বানন্দ সিংহ বীৰপালৰ বংশৰ বুৰুক চুতীয়া ৰাজপৰিয়ালৰ লোক আছিল। হয়তো ১৫২৫ চনত ৰাজ্য হেৰুৱা চুতীয়া ৰাজপৰিয়াল টোৱে সৰুকৈ হ'লেও পুনৰ বাৰ ৰাজ্য ৰাজত্ব কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। * ১৭৭৫ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, ডিব্ৰু-দিহিং অঞ্চল মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহ হৈ থাকোঁতে ডিব্ৰু-দিহিংৰ মাজৰ অঞ্চলৰ একাংশ চুতীয়াই বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। টাই ভাষাৰ "আহোম বুৰঞ্জী" নামৰ গ্ৰন্থত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ সীমান্ত অঞ্চলৰ খামজাং প্ৰদেশৰ পৰা নঙাখাম নামৰ নৰা মুখিয়ালৰ লগত ধৰা সকলে আহি বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। এই বিদ্ৰোহত চুতীয়া সকলে নৰা সকলক সহযোগ কৰিছিল। নৰা মুখিয়াল জনে ১৭৭৫ চনত চুতীয়া সকলৰ সহযোগত হাটখোৱা গোহাঁইক পৰাস্ত কৰি নিজকে ডিব্ৰু নৈৰ কাষৰ অঞ্চলৰ ৰজা বুলি ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। ৰজা হৈ নঙাখামে চুতীয়া আৰু বাৰেচিৰিঙীয়া সকলৰ মাজৰ পৰাই ফুকন আৰু বৰুৱা নিযুক্ত কৰিছিল। আহোম ৰজাই নঙাখাম আৰু চুতীয়া সকলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বুঢ়াগোহাঁইৰ নেতৃত্বত ৪০ হাজাৰ সৈন্য পঠিয়াইছিল। সেনা সকলে আহি ৰঙাগড়াত(বৰ্তমানৰ ডিব্ৰু-চৈখোৱাৰ দক্ষিণত) উপস্থিত হৈছিল। ইয়াত পাছত তেজী আৰু দিহিং নৈৰ পাৰত যুদ্ধ হৈছিল। বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হৈ আতৰি গৈছিল। নৰা সকলে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলত আশ্ৰয় লয় আৰু চুতীয়া সকলে ধূনাগুৰি নামৰ ঠাই এদখৰত আশ্ৰয় লয়। বহুতো চুতীয়া, বাৰেচিৰিং আৰু নৰা বিদ্ৰোহীক ৰাজধানী ৰংপুৰলৈ লয় অনা হয়। তাৰে কিছুমানক মৃত্যু দণ্ড দিয়া হৈছিল আৰু আন সকলক বন্দী হিচাপে ৰখা হৈছিল।<ref>Barua, G.C, "Ahom Buranji, p. 331-333</ref> ==অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰভাব== ==আৰু চাওক== * [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী]] * [[সতী সাধনী]] ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} * {{cite book | last = Gait | first = Edward | title = A History of Assam | publisher = Thacker, Spink & Co. | date = 1906 | location = Calcutta | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=w-6kr1IyHJkC}} *{{Cite journal|last=Neog|first=Maheswar|title=Light on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries|date=1977|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|volume=58/59|pages=813–820|jstor=41691751|issn=0378-1143}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{অসম বুৰঞ্জী}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ইতিহাস]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ সাম্ৰাজ্য আৰু ৰাজ্য]] cfi1qvuyc7x2m20f9auufjm5m629vn5 608811 608809 2026-05-26T08:47:23Z CommonsDelinker 118 Removing [[:c:File:Statue_of_Queen_Sadhani_Narayan.jpg|Statue_of_Queen_Sadhani_Narayan.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Non-free image uploaded by mistake. 608811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = সধয়া/স্বধয়া |conventional_long_name = চুতীয়া সাম্ৰাজ্য |common_name= স্বধয়া, সধয়া |year_start = ১১৮৭ |date_start = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event_end = |year_end = ১৫২৪ |date_end = ৭ বহাগ |p1 = কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য |flag_p1 = Copper Plate Seal of Kamarupa Kings.jpg |s1 = আহোম ৰাজ্য |flag_s1 = |image_flag = |flag_type = |image_map = Chutia kingdom Map.png |image_map_caption = চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ মানচিত্ৰ | image_coat = Chutia royal Insignia.png | coat_alt = ৰাজকীয় প্ৰতীক |capital = [[শদিয়া|সধয়াপুৰ/স্বধয়াপুৰ]] |common_languages = চুতীয়া ভাষা (ৰাজকীয়)</br>[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]] (ৰাজ্যিক) |religion = জনজাতীয় তান্ত্ৰিক (ৰাজকীয় আৰু প্ৰজা)</br> হিন্দু (একাংশ প্ৰজা) |government_type = ৰাজতন্ত্ৰ |leader1 = বীৰপাল/গয়াপাল |year_leader1 = ১১৮৭-১২২০ |leader2 = [[ৰত্নধ্বজপাল]]/গৌৰী নাৰায়ণ |year_leader2 = ১২৩০-১২৬০ |leader3 = ধৰ্মধ্বজপাল/[[ধীৰনাৰায়ণ]] |year_leader3 = ১৫২০-১৫২২ |leader4 = নীতিপাল/চন্দ্ৰ নাৰায়ণ(অন্তিম) |year_leader4 = ১৫২২-১৫২৪ |title_leader = সধেয়াধিপতি (নাৰায়ণ/পাল) |legislature = |today = [[অসম]], [[অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ]], [[ভাৰত]] |}} '''চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য''' ({{lang-en|Sutiya kingdom}}) আছিল ত্ৰয়োদশ শতিকাত [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ]]ৰ উত্তৰ পাৰে দিকাৰাই নদী<ref>Acharya,N.N.,"The history of Medieval Assam",p.232</ref><ref>William Robinson, "A descriptive account of Assam",p.323.</ref><ref>Dutta, Sristidhar, "The Mataks and their kingdom,p.28</ref> আৰু দক্ষিণ পাৰে [[দিচাং নদী]]ৰ মাজত গঠন হোৱা এক বিশাল সাম্ৰাজ্য<ref name="চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য">{{cite web | url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=MdjO3XVk0MAC&pg=PA84&dq=chutia+kingdom+disang&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKlpXszLqUAxWgUGwGHemuBhUQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=chutia%20kingdom%20disang&f=false Pathak, Guptajit, Assam's History and it's Graphics, p.84}}</ref>। এই ৰাজ্য বৰ্তমানৰ [[অসম]]ৰ [[ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলা|ডিব্ৰুগড়]], [[লখিমপুৰ জিলা|লখিমপুৰ]], [[ধেমাজি জিলা|ধেমাজি]], [[তিনিচুকীয়া জিলা|তিনিচুকীয়া]], [[বিশ্বনাথ জিলা|বিশ্বনাথ]], [[মাজুলী জিলা|মাজুলী]] জিলাকে ধৰি‌ [[শিৱসাগৰ জিলা]]ৰ এটা অংশ আৰু [[অৰুণাচল প্ৰদেশ]]ৰ ভৈয়াম আৰু দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত বিয়পি আছিল। ইতিহাসবিদ সকলৰ মতে উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ মধ্যযুগৰ সকলো ৰাজ্যৰ ভিতৰত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যখনে আটাইতকৈ উন্নত আৰু প্ৰগতিশীল ৰাজ্য আছিল।<ref>Guha, Amalendu (December 1983), "The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)", p.5, "The period from the 13th to the 16th century saw the emergence and development of a large number of tribal political formations in north-east India. The Chutiya, the Tai-Ahom, the Koch, the Dimasa (Kachari), the Tripuri, the Meithei (Manipuri), the Khasi (Khyriem) and the Pamar (Jaintia)—all these tribes crystallised into rudimentary state formations by the 15th century. The most developed of the tribes in the 15th century were the Chutiyas."</ref> ১১৮৭ চনত বীৰপালে শদিয়াক ৰাজধানী পাতি উত্তৰ-পূব অসম আৰু অৰুণাচলৰ কিছু অঞ্চল লয় চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য স্থাপন কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ গৌৰী নাৰায়ণে সকলো চুতীয়াক একত্ৰিত কৰি এখন বৃহৎ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল। উজনি অসমৰ শিৱসাগৰ(দক্ষিণ পাৰ) আৰু বিশ্বনাথ(উত্তৰ পাৰ) জিলাৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি পূব দিশত অৰুণাচলৰ পাহাৰৰ লৈকে এসময়ত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত প্ৰায় সোতৰজন ৰজাই এই সাম্ৰাজ্য চলাইছিল। [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য]] ধ্বংস হোৱাৰ লগে লগে অসমৰ উত্তৰ-পূবত চুতীয়াসকল, পশ্চিম দিশে বাৰভূঞা আৰু কমতা ৰাজ্য ক্ষমতালৈ আহিছিল<ref name="চুতীয়া ৰজা">{{cite web | url=http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaChutiyas.htm | title=চুতীয়া ৰজা | accessdate=August 11, 2012}}</ref>। ১৪ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালে চুতীয়া ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণে কামৰূপ আক্ৰমণ কৰা মুচলমান সকলক (সম্ভৱতঃ ১৩৮৯ত কামৰূপ দখল কৰা ঘিয়াছুদ্দিন শাহ) পৰাস্ত কৰি [[কমতা ৰাজ্য|কমতাপুৰত]] ৰজা হৈছিল আৰু কামৰূপ ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ পাছত পোণপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে [[শদিয়া]]ৰ পৰা [[বংগ|উত্তৰ বংগ]]ৰ [[কৰতোৱা নদী|কৰতয়া]] নৈ লৈকে এখন বৃহৎ [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য|বৰ-কামৰূপ]] ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> অসমৰ স্থানীয় জনজাতিসকলৰ মাজত চুতীয়াসকল অন্যতম। চুতীয়া সকল কছাৰী গোষ্ঠীৰ লোক আছিল আৰু এটা সময়ত তিব্বত-বাৰ্মীজ ভাষা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজকীয় তথা ধৰ্মীয় ভাষা বৰ্তমানৰ [[দেউৰী ভাষা]]। বৃটিছৰ দিনত এই ভাষাক ''দেউৰী-চুতীয়া'' ভাষা বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। সাম্প্ৰতিক কালত, চুতীয়াসকলে [[অসমীয়া ভাষা]] ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।‌ ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অঞ্চল সমূহ== ===ৰাজধানী অঞ্চল=== [[File:Brick with king Pratyakshnarayan's name.jpg|thumb|ভীষ্মক নগৰ আৰু শদিয়াৰ পদুম পুখুৰীত উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা নৃপতি শ্ৰী শ্ৰী প্ৰত্যক্ষ নাৰায়ৰণ নাম খোদিত থকা ইটা। এই ৰজা জনৰ নাম ঘিলামৰাত উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা সধয়াধিপতি সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ ফলিতো উল্লেখ কৰা আছে।]] চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰ আৰু ৰাজধানী আছিল শদিয়া বা সধয়াপুৰ। চুতীয়া ৰজা সকলে নিজকে সধয়াপুৰেশ্বৰ বা সধয়াধিপতি বুলি চিনাকি দিছিল। <ref>Shin, Jae-eun, Descending from Demons, Ascending to Kshatriyas, p.5.</ref> শদিয়াৰ কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন সমূহতো চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ নাম খোদিত আছে। এতিয়ালৈকে শদিয়া অঞ্চলত চুতীয়া যুগৰ তিনিখন নগৰ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে: ভৈয়ামৰ বৰ-নগৰ আৰু দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰ ৰূক্মীনী নগৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ বুৰঞ্জীৰ চন্দনগিৰি) আৰু ভীষ্মক নগৰ (সম্ভৱতঃ বুৰঞ্জীৰ থাঙগিৰি)। তাৰেই ভীষ্মক নগৰ আৰু ৰুক্মিণী নগৰৰ ইটাত চুতীয়া ৰজা লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণ আৰু প্ৰত্যক্ষ নাৰায়ণৰ নাম খোদিত আছে<ref>Neog, Maheswar, Lights on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh, p.814</ref>। তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী শালৰ ইটাৰ দেৱালখন চুতীয়া ৰজা মুক্ত-ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণে নিৰ্মাণ কৰাইছিল <ref>A Sircar, D.C, Journal of Ancient Indian History, p. 21</ref>। ===উত্তৰ কূলৰ অঞ্চল=== ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰৰ সীমাৰ কথা বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত পোনপটীয়াকৈ উল্লেখ পোৱা নাযায়। তথাপিটো ঐতিহাসিক তথ্যৰ অনুসৰি ইতিহাসবিদ সকলে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য ভৰালী বা দিকৰাই নৈ লৈকে বিস্তৃত আছিল বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>Acharya,N.N.,"The history of Medieval Assam",p.232</ref><ref>William Robinson, "A descriptive account of Assam",p.323.</ref><ref>Dutta, Sristidhar, "The Mataks and their kingdom,p.28</ref> বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত উল্লেখ কৰা আছে যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে ভৰালী‌ নৈ পাৰ হৈ ৰাউতা-তেমনীৰ (আজিৰ দিনৰ দৰং-নগাঁৱৰ অঞ্চল) ভূঞা সকলক বস কৰিছিল<ref>According to ''Purani Assam Buranji'', p.27. the twelve Bara Bhuyans of Rowta-Temani (mid-Assam, on either banks of the Brahmaputra) namely Utai, Tamai, Rai, Sakai, Kausika, Uzir, Laskar, Comdar, Sanatana, Keho, Rambhat and Bhakat with four sub-Bhuyans each, were transported and settled in various places of Uttara-kula (Biswanath, Lakhimpur districts). The Lacam Kalita Bhuyan family was placed at Bahbari(Lakhimpur), while one of them was settled on the river Sonari(Dhakuakhana), and another on the hills. As per ''Satsari Buranji'', p.16, Suhungmung suppressed the Baro-Bhuyans in Rowta. The people of the region were placed under the leadership of the Baro-Bhuyans and re-settled at different places of the kingdom.</ref>। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ভৰালী নদীৰ লৈকে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য বিয়পি আছিল। ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ দিনত বা‌ তাৰো পাছৰ লৈকে এই পশ্চিম সীমা কমতাপুৰৰ লৈকে পাইছিল গৈ। * লখিমপুৰ জিলা: বৰ্তমান লখিমপুৰৰ সোৱনশিৰি অঞ্চলতো চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। চুতীয়া ৰজা সকলে সোৱণশিৰিৰ দুয়োপাৰে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমিদান কৰিছিল। এই অঞ্চল পুৰণি কালত হাবুং বুলি জনা গৈছিল। শদিয়াৰ চেপাখোৱা তামৰ ফলিত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে চুতীয়া ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ আদেশত ১৪২৮ চনত হাবুঙাধিপতি বৃহৎ পাত্ৰয়েই ব্ৰাক্ষ্মণক ভূমিদান কৰিছিল<ref>Neog, Maheswar, Lights on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh, p.818.</ref><ref>Guha, Amalendu, Pre-Ahom Roots and the Medieval State in Assam: A Reply, p. 73, “Habung was a Chutiya dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala”.</ref>। চুতীয়া ৰজা লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণে ১৪০২ চনত সোৱণশিৰিৰ পশ্চিম দিশত(বৰ্তমান লক্ষিমপুৰ নগৰৰ ওচৰত) আৰু ১৩৯২ চনত সত্যনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ধৱলী(বগীনদী) নৈৰ পাৰত ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰিছিল<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.583</ref>। ১৫২২ চনত ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ঢকুৱাখনাত ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰিছিল<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.590</ref>। এই সকলো কথাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে বৰ্তমানৰ লখিমপুৰ জিলাখন সম্পূৰ্ণ ভাবে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল। * ধেমাজি জিলা: ধেমাজি জিলাৰ চিচিবৰগাঁও-বৰদলনি অঞ্চলত বহুতো পুৰণি চুতীয়া যুগৰ ধ্বংসাৱশেষ দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.439</ref>। জোনাইৰ ৰজাখনা অঞ্চলত ১৩-১৪ শতিকাৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ইটাৰ দুৰ্গৰ অৱশেষ পোৱা গৈছিল<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.441; Indian Archaeology 1986-87, p. 22</ref>। বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে সোৱণশিৰি পশ্চিম পিনৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত ১৬৭২ চনত দফলা জনজাতিৰ লোকে আক্ৰমণ কৰি মানুহ ধৰি নিছিল। মানুহ খিনিক মুক্ত কৰাই আনিবলৈ ৰজাই বৰবৰুৱাৰ লগতে চুতীয়া হাজৰিকা আৰু চুতীয়া কাঁড়ী বৰুৱাক পঠিয়াইছিল। এই কথাৰ পৰা ধৰিব পৰা যায় যে চুতীয়া সকলৰ বসতি লক্ষিমপুৰৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰ লৈকে আছিল।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji, p.220</ref><ref>Barbarua, Hiteswar, "Ahomar Din", p.190</ref> বুৰঞ্জীৰ আন এটা খণ্ডত উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে যে ডিক্ৰং অঞ্চলৰ‌ মিৰি লোক সকল এটা সময়ত চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ "হাতী-ঘাহী" লোক আছিল আৰু চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ পাছত এই সকলে আহোম ৰজাক বছৰি কৰ-ভাৰ দিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা ধৰিব পৰা যায় যে এই অঞ্চলো এসয়মত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল।<ref name= "devi">{{cite book |last1=Devi|first1=Lakshmi|title=Ahom-tribal Relations: A Political Study|date=1968|pages=202–203|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVdXAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Assam Book Depot, [Calcutta], Gauhati|OCLC=578753}}</ref> সোৱণশিৰি আৰু চিয়াং নৈৰ মাজত বসবাস কৰা মিচিং লোক সকলক আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙৰ দিনত "চুতীয়া-মিৰি" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছিল কাৰণ এই সকল চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰজা আছিল।<ref name= "devi"></ref> * বিশ্বনাথ জিলা: বিশ্বনাথ জিলা যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল, সেই কথা চুতীয়া যুগৰ কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন সমূহৰ পৰা পুহৰলৈ আহে। চুতীয়া যুগৰ খনিকৰ সকলে কিবা উল্লেখযোগ্য কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন নিৰ্মাণ কৰিলে এক বিশেষ ধৰণৰ চিহ্ন কিছুমান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। বিশ্বনাথ জিলাৰ অৰুণাচল সীমান্তৰ ৰামঘাট দুৰ্গ, নক্সাপৰ্বত দুৰ্গ, বালিজানৰ দুৰ্গ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ পাৰৰ উমাতুমনি দ্বিপ তাৰে প্ৰমাণ। এই সকলো অঞ্চলত দেখা পোৱা হুবহু একেই খনিকৰ চিহ্ন শদিয়াৰ তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী মন্দিৰ, বুঢ়াবুঢ়ী শাল, ইটা পুখুৰী, ইত্যাদি জেগাত দেখিবলৈ পোৱা গৈছে। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে তাম্ৰেশ্বৰীৰ যিখন শিল-ইটাৰ দেৱালত এই চিহ্ন সমূহ খোদিত আছিল, সেই খন চুতীয়া ৰজা মুক্তধৰ্মনাৰায়ণে ১৪৪২ চনত নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল।<ref>A Sircar, D.C, Journal of Ancient Indian History, p. 21; Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.589; Journal of the Asiatic Soceity of Bengal, 1848, p.467</ref> জনা মতে নক্সাপৰ্বত (১৪০০-১৫০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)<ref>Tada, Tage, Archaeological remains of Arunachal Pradesh up to 16th century, p.183</ref> আৰু বুঢ়ৈ দুৰ্গ<ref> Barua, Kanaklal, Early History of Kamrupa, p.271</ref> প্ৰায় একে যুগৰে সৃষ্টি হয়। শদিয়াৰ ৰুক্মিণীনগৰ, গম্চি দূৰ্গ আৰু ভীষ্মক নগৰৰ দৰে বালিজান আৰু নক্সা পৰ্বত দুৰ্গতো শিল ইটাৰ ঘৰৰ ভেটি পোৱা গৈছে। নক্সা পৰ্বত, ইটা দুৰ্গ আৰু ৰামঘাট দুৰ্গৰ শিলৰ ভেটিৰ ওপৰত ইটা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা শৈলী ৰুক্মিণী নগৰ, তাম্ৰেশ্বৰীৰ সীমাৰ দেৱাল আৰু শদিয়াৰ বৰনগৰৰ পুখুৰীত দেখা গৈছে। এই সমূহ তথ্যৰ ভিথিত কনকলাল বৰুৱা আৰু মহেশ্বৰ নেওগ লেখীয়া বিশিষ্ট ইতিহাস বিধে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰিসীমা বিশ্বনাথ জিলা লৈকে থকা কথা স্বীকাৰ কৰিছে।<ref> Barua, Kanaklal, Early History of Kamrupa, p.271-272, "The probability is that these ruins are the traces of a Hindu or Hinduised dynasty of local rulers who ruled over a kingdom to the north of Brahmaputra and extending from the Burai river on the west to Sadiya on the east. The dynasty is evidently the line of Chutia kings who assumed the surname Pala."</ref><ref>Neog, Maheswar, "Lights on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh", p. 218, "If architectural continuity is admitted between the fortifications in the Sadiya region and the Burai river ruin site, it would be possible to believe that the kingdom of these rulers(Chutia) extended as far as the outer limit of Darrang district, in the western most extent of which Ahom conquerors settled the vanquished Chutias in the early part of the sixteenth century."</ref> ইয়াৰ ওপৰিও জনা যায় যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছতেই (অৰ্থাৎ ১৫২৫ চনতে) আহোম ৰজাই উত্তৰ পাৰৰ শদিয়া, ভাটি অঞ্চল (বিশ্বনাথ), হাবুং(লখিমপুৰ) আৰু বানলুং(ধেমাজি) অঞ্চল শাসন কৰিবলৈ নতুনকৈ পদবী সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, Ahom Buranji, p.59-61; Gait, Edward, A history of Assam, p. 86</ref>। গতিকে এই সমূহ অঞ্চল চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল বুলি গ'ম পোৱা যায়। ===দক্ষিণ কূলৰ অঞ্চল=== চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নৈৰ দক্ষিণ পাৰৰ সীমা দিহিং নৈ আছিল। এই কথা বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত স্পষ্টকৈ উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়।<ref>Assam Buranji(SM), p.9</ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Satsari Buranji, p.56</ref> সেই সময়ত মাজুলী দ্বীপ সৃষ্টি হোৱা নাছিল আৰু দিহিং নৈ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ কাষে কাষে বৈ গৈ বৰ্তমান মাজুলীৰ পশ্চিমত লগ হৈছিল। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী চাৰাগুৱা আৰু বকতা<ref>Ahmed, Nasir, Assam-Bengal Trade in the Medieval Period: A Numismatic Perspective, p.170, "they made Bakata(on the banks of Dihing) their capital in the reign of their king Suhungmung Svarga Narayan."; Guha, Amalendu, The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714), p.19.</ref> দিহিং নৈৰ পাৰত অৱস্থিত আছিল। গতিকে এই সকলো কথাৰ পৰা ধৰিব পাৰি যে বৰ্তমানৰ শিৱসাগৰ অঞ্চলৰো এটা অংশ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। ১৫২২ চনত দিহিং মুখৰ যুদ্ধত নীতিপালৰ সৈন্য বাহিনীক পৰাস্ত কৰি আহোম সেণা চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যত প্ৰবেশ কৰিছিল। চুহুংমুঙৰ সৈন্যয়ে চুতীয়া নৌ সেনাক খেদি ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰয়ে দি উজাই আহি ডিব্ৰুমুখত গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ডিব্ৰু মুখ, চেচামুখ, লাৰুপাৰা আৰু সোণাৰীত (তিনিচুকীয়া) পুণৰ ৰণ হৈছিল। গতিকে এই সকলো অঞ্চলতে চুতীয়া সকলৰ বসতি আছিল বুলি ক’ব পৰা যায়। দক্ষিণ সীমান্তত এলেকা তিপাম-নামৰূপ-বৰহাট অঞ্চল আছিল। [[File:Stone inscription of Chutia king Muktadharmanarayana.jpg|thumb|চুতীয়া ৰজা মুক্তধৰ্মনাৰায়ণৰ ১৪৪২ চনৰ শিলৰ লিপি]] * মাজুলী জিলা: বৰ্তমানৰ মাজুলী জিলাখন পূৰ্বতে দিহিং অঞ্চল আছিল। এই‌ মাজুলী জিলাৰ পুব পিনৰ দিহিং নৈৰ মাছক লয় হোৱা বিবাদৰ পৰাই চুতীয়া-আহোমৰ যুদ্ধৰ পাতনি মেলে।‌ ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই মাজুলীৰ দিহিং মুখ, চেৰুৱাকতা আৰু চিৰা-আটি অঞ্চলত আহোমৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰে। শেষত ১৫২৩ চনত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে এই অঞ্চল চুতীয়াৰ পৰা দখল কৰে। * ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলা: বৰ্তমানৰ ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলাৰ প্ৰায় ভাগ ভূমি সেই সময়ত দিহিং নৈৰ উত্তৰত আছিল। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা জনা যায় হে দিহিঙৰ আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ সীমাৰ ওচৰতো চুতীয়া লোকৰ বসতি আছিল। আহোমৰ চোম-চিৰিং, খাতোৱাল চেতিয়া, চাংচাই, ইত্যাদি বংশৰ ওপৰি পুৰুষ সকলক‌ চুকাফাই‌ ওচৰৰ চুতীয়া গাঁও মাৰি অনা লোক। আহোম ৰজা চুতুফাকো চাফ্ৰাই নৈৰ ওচৰত চুতীয়া লোক এইখিনিয়ে বধ কৰিছিল।‌ ১৫২৩ চনত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ডিব্ৰু অঞ্চলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰি আহোম সেনাই গড় সাজিছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখৰ‌ কৰাৰ পাছত ১৫২৬ চনত দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই পদবী সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়। চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহৰ ফলত ডিব্ৰুগড়ত নতুন এখন প্ৰদেশ(''মৌঙ-তিফাও'') গঠন কৰি ১৫২৭ত চাওলুং চুলিঙক শাসনকৰ্তা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়। Thermo luminescence (TL) পদ্ধতিৰে ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ মৌৰামৰা দৌলৰ ওপৰত কৰা datingৰ অনুসৰি ইটাৰ দৌলটো ১৩-১৪ শতিকাৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ দিনত নিৰ্মিত<ref>Saikia, R.R,"Chronological and Archaeometric Evaluation of Bricks from Archaeological Sites of Upper Assam, Northeast India: Estimation of the Firing Temperature and Civilization History", p.17</ref>। গতিকে এই সকলো তথ্যৰ ভিত্তিত গম পোৱা যায় যে প্ৰায় গোটেই খন ডিব্ৰুগড় জিলাই চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। * তিনিচুকীয়া জিল: তিনিচুকীয়া জিলাৰ অধিকাংশ ভূমি চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত আছিল যদিও পূব দিশৰ এটা অংশ মৰাণ মুখিয়াল আৰু আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত আছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দিহিং নৈৰ পশ্চিম পাৰে বিস্তৃত আছিল বুলি জনা যায়। সেই সময়ত দিহিং নৈ বৰ্তমানৰ সুতিতকৈ কেই কিলোমিটাৰমান পশ্চিমলৈ বৈ গৈছিল। পেঙেৰী, ডিগবৈ, জয়পুৰ, তিপাম, ইত্যাদি অঞ্চল দিহিঙৰ পূবত আছিল। এই অঞ্চল সমূহ বৃটিছৰ দিনৰ লৈকে হাবি অৰণ্যৰে ভৰি আছিল য'ত মৰাণ লোক সকলে হাবি কাটি ঝুম খেতি কৰিছিল আৰু সময়ে সময়ে আহোম ৰজা সকলক অৰণ্যৰ সামগ্ৰী যোগান ধৰিছিল। তিনিচুকীয়াৰ শদিয়া সেই সময়ত "সধয়াপুৰ" বুলি জনাজাত আছিল আৰু সধয়া বা চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী আছিল। আহোম বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে শদিয়াৰ দক্ষিণৰ অঞ্চলতো চুতীয়া সেনাপতি বুঢ়া বৰুৱা (আহোম ভাষাত "থাওমান") বোলা এজনে শাসন কৰিছিল যিজনে‌ আহোমৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ১৫২৩ চনৰ ডিব্ৰুগড় ৰণত ভাগ লৈছিল। ১৫২৪ত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন হয় আৰু তিনিচুকীয়া জিলাৰ সমগ্ৰ ভূমি আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনলৈ আহে। আহোমৰ শদিয়া খোৱা গোহাঁয়ে (আহোম ভাষাত "থাওমুঙ বʼঙেন") শদিয়া অঞ্চল শাসন কৰিবলৈ লয়। শদিয়াৰ দক্ষিণৰ বৰডোমছা অঞ্চলত আহোমৰ হাটখোৱা গোহাঁই (আহোম ভাষাত "থাওমুঙ বʼক্লাং") বিষয়াই লোণৰ হাটৰ অধিকাৰী হয়। ===অৰুণাচলৰ ভয়াম আৰু পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চল=== টাই ভাষাৰ "আহোম বুৰঞ্জী" গ্ৰন্থ খনত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ সীমান্তৰ অঞ্চলৰ খামজাং প্ৰদেশৰ নঙাখাম নামৰ নৰা মুখিয়াল এজনে ১৭৭৫ চনত চুতীয়া সকলক লগত লয় হাটখোৱা গোহাঁইৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিদ্ৰোহ কৰিছিল আৰু পৰাস্ত হৈ দিহিং/নামজিন নৈ পাৰ হৈ পূৰবৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলত আশ্ৰয় লৈছিল<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, Ahom Buranji, p.331</ref>। বুৰঞ্জীৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে খামজাং প্ৰদেশ পাটকাই পৰ্বতৰ‌ নং-খেও-য়ং(Lake of no return) অঞ্চলত অৱস্থিত আছিল। গতিকে ধৰিব পাৰি যে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য এসময়ত সেই অঞ্চলৰ লৈকে বিয়পি আছিল। ===নামনি অসমৰ‌ অঞ্চল=== ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰৰ তথ্য ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ শদিয়া-চেপাখোৱা তামৰ ফলিত(১৫২৮ চনৰ) পোৱা যায়। এই ফলিত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পিতৃ আছিল ৰজা ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ আৰু ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণে এসময়ত কমতাপুৰৰ লৈকে নিজৰ ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ কৰিছিল। ভূমিদানৰ ফলিখনত উল্লেখ আছে<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, Chutia Jatir Buranji, p.587</ref>, {{Quote|text="একোহভূ্ৎ কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিতঃ <br /> কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণঃ।।"}} অৰ্থাৎ এজন হৈছিল (একোহভূৎ) কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা (কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি), যি জন আছিল "ভূপাল সমূহৰদ্বাৰা অৰ্চিত"(ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিত) আৰু "কামদেৱৰ(আন এটা নাম কন্দৰ্প) শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিজয়ী" (কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী) শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ।<ref>ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণো আছিল। এই কথা ঘিলামৰা অঞ্চলৰ বৰমূৰ্তিয়া বিলৰ তাম্ৰপত্ৰৰ পৰা জানিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ফলিখনৰ মতে ১৩৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত সুৰ-ৰিপু(অসুৰ) বংশৰ সধয়াপুৰৰ ৰজা নন্দিশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ সত্যনায়াণে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ২০০ পুৰা(৮০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ(আত্মজ) ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ফলিখনৰ নবীকৰণ কৰিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণ আছিল। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে ১৫০ বছৰ আগতে গৌৰীনায়াৰণ/ৰত্নধ্বজপালেও নিজৰ পুত্ৰ শিৱনাৰায়ণৰ লগত কমতেশ্বৰ ৰজা সন্ধয়াৰ ৰাজকুমাৰীক বিয়া কৰাই কমতা ৰাজ্যৰ লগত বন্ধুত্ব স্থাপন কৰিছিল। সম্ভৱতঃ এই কমতা ৰাজবংশ নাইকীয়া বা দুৰ্বল হৈ যোৱা ফলতে চুতীয়া ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণে কমতা ৰাজ্য নিজৰ অধীনলৈ আনিছিল।</ref> [[File:Another section of the palace.jpg|thumb|চুতীয়া দুৰ্গ ভীষ্মক নগৰৰ ইটাৰ গড়ৰ এক অংশ]] ==যোগিনী তন্ত্ৰত উল্লেখ== ১৬ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত লিখা‌ যোগিনী তন্ত্ৰত কামৰূপৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চল আৰু ৰাজকীয় শক্তিসমূহৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াত “সৌমাৰ”, “কূবাচ”, “যৱন” আৰু “প্লৱ” নাম উল্লেখ আছে— {{quote|পূৰ্বভাগে চ সৌমাৰঃ কূবাচ‌ পশ্চিমে‌তথা ।<br>দক্ষিণে যৱনসদ্ উত্তৰে প্লৱ এব চ ॥<br><br>এবমেব মহাদেৱি তে সৰ্বে কামৰূপকাঃ ।<br> এবং তে কথিতং দেবি সৌমাৰচৰিতং হি তৎ ॥}} অৰ্থাৎ পূৰ্বে সৌমাৰ, পশ্চিমে কূবাচ, দক্ষিণে যৱন আৰু উত্তৰে প্লৱ — এইসকল কামৰূপ অঞ্চলৰ অন্তৰ্গত বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে। গ্ৰন্থখনৰ পাচৰ অংশ সমূহত "কুবাচ"ক [[কোচ ৰাজ্য|কোচ]], "সৌমাৰ"ক [[আহোম ৰাজ্য|আহোম]] আৰু "যৱন"ক [[বংগ চুলতানী|মুছলমান]]/[[মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্য|মোগল]] বুলি চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে। এই অনুসৰি ইতিহাসবিদ সকলে “প্লৱ/প্লব” শব্দটোৱে সেই সময়ৰ উত্তৰ ভাগত ৰাজত্ব কৰি থকা পাল বংশীয় চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যক বুজাবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছে বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। ==ইতিহাস== ===ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা=== চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা আৰু পতনৰ কথা কেইবাখনো বুৰঞ্জীত পোৱা যায় যেনে দেওধাই অসম বুৰঞ্জী, অসম বুৰঞ্জী (SM), ইত্যাদি। সকলো বুৰঞ্জীৰ তথ্য সসূহ প্ৰায় একেই। বৃটিছ বিষয়া ''ET Dalton‌'' আৰু ''W.B.Brown''ৰ অনুসৰি একেবোৰ আখ্যান কিম্বদন্তি ৰূপত [[মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠী|মিচিং]] আৰু [[দেউৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|দেউৰী]] লোকৰ মাজতো প্ৰচলিত আছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Brown |first=W.B. |title=An Outline Grammar Of The Deori Chutiya Language |publisher= Assam Secretariat Printing Office |location=Shillong |year=1895 |pages=75, 84 |quote="..as it agrees in all particulars with the traditions,I have elsewhere met with, it may merely be a compilation from them..These traditions are preserved among the Miris, the Deoris, who were the Chutiya priests (and amongst whom alone remnants of the ancient language and customs of the race are still preserved), and by some few of the Chutiyas who now call themselves Hindu Chutiyas... I have heard from them(Deoris) the story of how the Chutiya princess Sadhuni was won by the young archer (Niti Pal)... Probably enquiry would show that the other incidents of the chronicle are preserved as traditions among the Deoris in a similar modified form. }}</ref> দেউধাই বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে আনুমানিক ১১৮৭ চনত চুতীয়া সকলে বিভিন্ন সৰু সৰু ৰাজ্য(বা বৃহৎ গাঁও) গঠন কৰি বাস কৰি আছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.193</ref> তাৰ ভিতৰতে স্বৰ্ণগিৰি নামৰ ৰাজ্য খনত বীৰপাল নামৰ এজন লোক ৰজা হৈ আছিল। বীৰপালৰ ৰাজ্যত ৬০ টা যৌথ পৰিয়ালৰ লোকে বাস কৰিছিল, অৰ্থাৎ প্ৰায় ৬০০০ লোক।<ref>Dutta, Sristidhar, "The Mataks and their kingdom", p.45. "Morans, Borahis, Kacharis and Chutias were the main tribes in the Matak community. As all of them were Bodos in origin, they had a common living pattern too. They lived in joint families. The number of members in a joint family sometimes exceeded one hundred."</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত চুবুৰীয়া চুতীয়া লোকসলক পৰাস্ত কৰি তেওঁ 'গয়াপাল' নাম লৈছিল। শদিয়াক তেওঁ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী পাতিছিল। তেওঁক খুন্ত ৰজা বুলিও জনা‌ গৈছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.202</ref> ত্ৰয়োবিংশ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত [[আহোম]]সকলে অসমত তেওঁলোকৰ ৰাজ্য স্থাপন কৰিবৰ সময়ত উজনি অসমত চুতীয়াসকলেই আটাইতকৈ শক্তিশালী আছিল। চুতীয়া সকলৰ মাজত বুৰঞ্জী লিখাৰ প্ৰথা নথকাৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকৰ আটাইবোৰ ৰজাৰ নাম জনা নাযায়। দেওধাই অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে বাৰ শতিকাৰ মাজভাগৰ পৰা ষোল্ল শতিকাৰ আগভাগলৈকে মুঠ দহজন চুতীয়া ৰজাই ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। নোই ইলিয়াছ চাহাবৰ "হিষ্ট্ৰী অৱ দা শ্বান্‌ছ" গ্ৰন্থৰ মতে আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক [[চুকাফা]]ৰ সমসাময়িক চুতীয়া ৰজা কোছীৰ আগতে তেওঁৰ বংশৰ চৌত্ৰিশজন ৰজাই ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। তালৈ চাই কোনো কোনো পণ্ডিতে চুতীয়াসকলে খ্ৰীষ্টীয় সপ্তম শতিকামানতে ৰাজ্য স্থাপন কৰিছিল বুলি অনুমান কৰে।<ref name="বুৰঞ্জী">{{cite book | title=মাধ্যমিক অসম বুৰঞ্জী | author=ড: স্বৰ্ণলতা বৰা | pages=১৮৪-১৯০ | isbn=81-85905-11-8}}</ref> ===ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ=== বীৰপালৰ পুত্ৰ আছিল ৰত্নধ্বজপাল বা গৌৰীনাৰায়ণ। তেওঁ নিজৰ বাহু বলেৰে উজনি অসমৰ সকলো চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য (যেনে ৰঙ্গালগিৰি, স্বেতাগিৰি, চন্দ্ৰগিৰি, ধৱলগিৰি, নীলগিৰি, ইত্যাদি) একত্ৰিত কৰি বৃহৎ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.194</ref>। সেই সময়ত প্ৰায়বোৰ ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী পাহাৰীয়া বা পাহাৰৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত পতা হৈছিল। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে আহোমৰ চৰাইদেউ পৰ্বত, কছাৰীৰ ডিমাপুৰ/মাইবাং, কোচৰ চিকণা পৰ্বত, ইত্যাদি। পাছলৈ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ নগৰ যেনে চন্দনগিৰি(আজিৰ দিনৰ ৰুক্মিণীনগৰ), ভীষ্মকনগৰ, ইটানগৰ, ইত্যাদি সকলো পাহাৰৰ‌ দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলতে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ওপৰিও জনা যায় যে আগৰ দিনত‌ উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বহুতো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে পাহাৰৰ দাতিকাষৰীয়া বা‌ ওখ অঞ্চলত স্থায়ী ভাৱে থাকি ভৈয়ামত খেতি কৰিছিল।<ref>উত্তৰ পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বহুতো জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে খেতিৰ অনুসৰি ভৈয়াম আৰু পাহাৰ দুয়ো অঞ্চলতে জীৱন নিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।‌ প্ৰায়বোৰ লোকে তেতিয়াৰ দিনত আহু আৰু বাও ধানৰ খেতি কৰিছিল। শালি‌ কৰিলেও বেছি পৰিমাণে কৰা‌ নাছিল। বছৰৰ আৰম্ভণিতে আহু ধানৰ খেতি কৰি চপাই মেলি, বাও বা শালি খেতি কৰি বাৰিষাৰ বানৰ পৰা ৰোধ পাবলৈ বা বাৰিষাৰ বেমাৰ আজাৰ নহ'বলৈ পাহাৰৰ দাতিৰ‌ স্থায়ী অঞ্চল বোৰলৈ ঘূৰি গৈছিল। বৰাহী সকলে সেইবাবেই হয়টো চুকাফাক চৰাইদেউ পৰ্বতত থাকিবলৈ উপদেশ দিছিল। কালিকা পুৰাণৰ মতে দিক্কৰবাসিনী পীঠও বছৰৰ কেইবামাহ ধৰি পানীৰ তলত ডুব গৈছিল। কিছু লোকে হয়টো সেই সময়ত ভৈয়ামত স্থায়ী ৰুপে থাকি খেতি কৰিছিল আৰু সময়ত পাছলৈ বাকী লোকেও ভৈয়ামত স্থায়ী গাঁৱ পাতি থাকিবলৈ লৈছিল। বৰাহী চুতীয়া সকলৰ দুই শ্ৰেণী: চাং আৰু বাম বৰাহী হয়টো ইয়াৰে চিন। চুতীয়া ৰজা সকলে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমিদানো‌ সম্ভৱতঃ এই কাৰণতে কৰিছিল যাতে চুতীয়া লোক সকলে ভৈয়ামত হিন্দু ধৰ্মত দিক্ষিত হৈ স্থায়ীভাৱে থাকিবলৈ লয়। পাছলৈ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ ফলত পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলত বসতি নোহোৱাৰ বাবে বা সুৰক্ষাৰ ব্যৱস্থা/দূৰ্গ নোহোৱাৰ বাবে সেইবোৰ অঞ্চল পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি সকলৰ হাতলৈ যায়। সেই কাৰণতে আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ দিনত পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি বোৰে সঘনে ভৈয়ামৰ গাঁৱ লুণ্ঠন কৰিবলৈ ধৰে আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰতিৰোধৰ বাবে আহোম সকলে পছা প্ৰথা আৰম্ভ কৰে।</ref> গতিকে এই সকলো কথাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে পাহাৰীয়া দাতিকাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলত থাকি ভৈয়ামত খেতি কৰা চুতীয়া সকলে মধ্যযুগৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠাৰ পাছৰে পৰা ক্ৰমান্বয়ে সুসংগঠিত ভাৱে ভৈয়ামতো‌ স্থায়ী ভাৱে থাকিবলৈ লয়। দেউধাই বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা "চুতীয়াৰ কথা"ৰ দ্বিতীয় আখ্যানৰ<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.201-202</ref> মতে বীৰপালে কিৰাতনী দেৱীৰ আশীৰ্বাদত দুটা সোণৰ মেকুৰী আৰু দণ্ড-খাট লাভ কৰি চোট-হিন্দুৱান খুন্তৱান(চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ) ৰজা হৈছিল আৰু শদিয়াত আছিল ("পৰদিনা চৰুৰ ঢাকন গুচাই চালে, সোণৰ বিড়ালী দুটী পালে, দণ্ড-খাট পালে। সেইদিন ধৰি সকলৰে সোধ-পোছ দিন দিন ধৰি পালে। ছোট হিন্দুৱানৰ খুন্তৱানৰ ৰজা হ'ল। শদিয়াত সিটো ৰজা অবাক ৰূপে থাকে।")। ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে বীৰপালৰ বসতি(স্বৰ্ণগিৰি চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য) শদিয়া অঞ্চলতে আছিল। দেউধাই বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা চন্দ্ৰগিৰি নামৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য খনো বৰ্তমান শদিয়াতে অৱস্থিত আছিল। এইখন পাছলৈ স্বৰ্ণগিৰিৰ চুতীয়া ৰজা ৰত্নধ্বজপালে নিজৰ অধীনলৈ আনি বৃহৎ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল। চন্দ্ৰগিৰি অঞ্চলতে নীতিপালে আহোম ৰজাৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰিছিল, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁক "চন্দ্ৰ নাৰায়ণ" বুলিও কোৱা হৈছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.200</ref>। গোপাল চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাৰ টাই ভাষাৰ বুৰঞ্জীত এই অঞ্চলটোক "দৈ-চন্দন"(টাই ভাষাত দৈ=পাহাৰ) কোৱা হৈছে। ৰানী সাধনীয়ে এই অঞ্চলতে প্ৰাণ ত্যোগ কৰিছিল। ৰত্নধ্বজপালে বস কৰা ৰাজ্য স্বেতাগিৰি সম্ভৱত বৰ্তমান লখিমপুৰ জিলাত আছিল কাৰণ এই ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছতে তেওঁ বৰ্তমান মাজুলীত নিজৰ ৰাজধানী হিচাপে "ৰতনপুৰ" নামৰ এখন নগৰ গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.193</ref> । "ঢোল বাই ক'ত? ৰতনপুৰত। খোল বাই ক'ত? ৰতনপুৰত", এই বিখ্যাত পুৰণি গীতটো চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী ৰতনপুৰক লৈয়ে সৃষ্টি কৰা হৈছিল। এই ৰতনপুৰতে পাছলৈ নৱ-বৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মৰ সত্ৰ এখনো স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল। পৰবৰ্তী কালত ৰত্নধ্বজপালে নিজৰ ৰাজধানী শদিয়াত স্থায়ী ৰূপে গঠন কৰিছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Deodhai Buranji, p.193</ref>। আহোম সকলৰ বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে চুকাফা ৰাজকুমাৰ মাও-লুং দেশত থাকোতে অসমত পাছখন ৰাজ্য আছিল: চুতীয়া, কমতেশ্বৰ, কছাৰী, বৰাহী আৰু মৰাণ। চুকাফাই চৰাইদেউত ৰাজধানী পতাৰ আগতে বাটত বহুতো চুতীয়াক লগ পাইছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., Satsari Buranji, p.4</ref>। যিহেতু চুকাফাই চৰাইদেউত নগৰ গঢ়া আগতে নামৰুপ, তিপাম, অভয়পুৰ, হাবুং, শিমলুগুৰি আৰু চনটক বাস কৰি আহিছিল। গতিকে এইবোৰ অঞ্চলৰে কিছুমান জেগাত চুতীয়া সকলৰ বসতি আছিল বুলি ধৰিব পৰা যায়। বহুতো চুতীয়া পৰিয়াল (যেনে চোম-চিৰিং, চাংচাই, খাতুৱাল চেতিয়া, ইত্যাদি) চুকাফাৰ দিনতে আহোম জাতিত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হৈ বিলীন হৈ গৈছিল<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, Purani Asam Buranji, p. 23, 25</ref>। এই সকলো তথ্যৰ পৰা ধৰিব পাৰি যে ১২-১৩ শতিকাত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য সেই সময়ত লখিমপুৰ, ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলৰ পৰা শদিয়া আৰু অৰুণাচলৰ সীমান্ত অঞ্চলৰ লৈকে বিয়পি আছিল।  ===চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ কমতাপুৰ বিজয়=== ১৩-১৪ শতিকাত গৌড়ৰ মুচলমান ৰজাসকলে কেইবা বাৰো কমতা ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল, যাৰ ফলত ৰাজ্যখন দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৪ শতিকাৰ অন্তিমটো দশকত ঘিয়াছুদ্দিন আজম শ্বাহে কামৰূপ-কমতা অঞ্চল আক্ৰমণ কৰে। তেওঁৰ ৰাজত্বকালৰ কামৰুপ অঞ্চললৈ পূৰ্বমুখী সামৰিক অভিযানৰ প্ৰমাণ পোৱা বʼকুৰ এখন শিলালিপিত পোৱা যায়<ref>Owahedur Zaman, "Study on the Persian Inscriptions discovered in Assam,p.5, "This stone slab inscription is from the time of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah (ruled from 1389 A.D. to 1410 A.D). It was discovered in Boko of Kamrup district which was issued by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah in 1389 A.D. It seems that he extended his sovereignty through Guwahati upto Boko area."</ref>। এই আক্ফৰমণৰ ফলত পশ্চিম অসমত ৰাজনৈতিক অস্থিৰতা সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। সেইসময়তে পূব দিশত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যখন শক্তিশালী হৈ উঠিছিল। ফল স্বৰূপত চুতীয়া ৰাজশক্তিয়ে পশ্চিম পিনে পাতনি মেলে। চুতীয়া ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ ১৪২৮ চনৰ সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ (আন‌ এটা নাম ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ) তাম্ৰলিপিত উল্লেখ আছে যে তেওঁৰ‌ ককাক সত্যনাৰায়ণে (আন‌ এটা নাম ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ<ref>ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণো আছিল। এই কথা ঘিলামৰা অঞ্চলৰ বৰমূৰ্তিয়া বিলৰ তাম্ৰপত্ৰৰ পৰা জানিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ফলিখনৰ মতে ১৩৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত সুৰ-ৰিপু(অসুৰ) বংশৰ সধয়াপুৰৰ ৰজা নন্দিশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ সত্যনায়াণে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ২০০ পুৰা(৮০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ(আত্মজ) ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ফলিখনৰ নবীকৰণ কৰিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণ আছিল।</ref>) সেই একে সময়ছোৱাতে (১৩৯০-১৪০০) “কমৰুপৰ শত্রু”ক পৰাস্ত কৰি কমতাপুৰত‌ নিজৰ শাসন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। ভূমিদানৰ ফলিখনত উল্লেখ আছে, {{blockquote|"একোহভূ্ৎ কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিতঃ</br> কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণঃ।।"</br>}} অৰ্থাৎ এজন হৈছিল (একোহভূৎ) কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা (কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি), যি জন আছিল "ভূপাল সমূহৰদ্বাৰা অৰ্চিত"(ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিত) আৰু "কামদেৱৰ(আন এটা নাম কন্দৰ্প) শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিজয়ী" (কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী) শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ। যদিও এই “শত্রু”ৰ স্পষ্ট পৰিচয় উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই, তথাপিও ইতিহাসবিদসকলে সাধাৰণতে ধাৰণা কৰে যে ই গৌড়ৰ মুচলমান সেনাবাহিনী অথবা কমৰুপৰ সিংহাসনৰ বাবে প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা কৰা কোনো স্থানীয় ৰাজনৈতিক শক্তি হ’ব পাৰে, যাক চুতীয়া ৰজাই পৰাস্ত কৰিছিল। একেখন ফলিৰ তৃতীয় আৰু চতুৰ্থ শাৰীত ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ পুত্ৰ ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ আৰু তেখেতৰ পুত্ৰ দুৰ্লভ নাৰায়ণৰ বিষয়ে উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। পাছৰ অংশত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে ১৪২৮ খৃষ্টাব্দত (১৩৫০ শক) ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ আদেশত হাবুঙাধিপতি শ্ৰী বৃহৎ পাত্ৰয়ে ব্ৰাক্ষণক ৪০০ পুৰা(১৬০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। এইদৰে গৌড়ৰ সামৰিক চাপ আৰু কমৰুপ-কমতা অঞ্চলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা অস্থিৰতাৰ সুযোগ লৈ চুতীয়া শক্তিয়ে পশ্চিমলৈ বিস্তাৰ কৰি কমতাপুৰত নিজৰ আধিপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল বুলি বুজা যায়।<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ৰজাই আনুমানিক ১৩০০‌ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ভাগত কমতা ৰাজ্য দখল কৰি পুণৰ পুৰ্বৰ কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিবলৈ প্ৰয়াস কৰিছিল। ====দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পৰিচয় আৰু বিতৰ্ক==== ঐতিহাসিক তথ্যৰ অনুসৰি কমতা ৰাজ্যৰ "দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ" নামৰ এজন ৰজাই অসমীয়া কবি [[হেম সৰস্বতী]], [[হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ]], আদি বহু লেখকক পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা আগবঢ়াইছিল।<ref>হেম সৰস্বতীয়ে তেওঁৰ প্ৰহ্লাদ চৰিত গ্ৰন্থত দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰি লিখিছে—“কামতামণ্ডল দুৰ্লভ নাৰায়ণ নৃপবৰ অনুপাম”। এই শাৰীকেইটাৰ পৰা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণক কমতা মণ্ডলৰ অধিপতি আৰু সাহিত্য-সংস্কৃতিৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষক ৰজা হিচাপে বুজা যায়।</ref> গুৰু চৰিতৰ বৰ্ণনা অনুসৰি কমতা-কামৰূপৰ ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণে কানৌজৰ পৰা অহা বহু ব্ৰাহ্মণ আৰু কায়স্থ ভুঞা পৰিয়ালক নিজৰ ৰাজ্যত আশ্ৰয় দি পূৰ্বাঞ্চলত বসতি স্থাপনৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছিল। [[শঙ্কৰদেৱ|শ্ৰীমন্ত শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ]] পূৰ্বপুৰুষ সকলও এই স্থানান্তৰিত পৰিয়ালসমূহৰ মাজৰে এটা পৰিয়াল আছিল। এই পৰিয়ালসমূহক প্ৰথমতে উত্তৰ গুৱাহাটীৰ ওচয়ৰ লেঙামাগুৰি আৰু পাছলৈ নগাঁৱৰ তেম্বুৱানী-বান্ধা(ঢেমনী) অঞ্চলত বসতি দিয়া হৈছিল বুলি গুৰু চৰিতত উল্লেখ আছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp. 27–29.</ref> ইতিহাসবিদ মহেশ্বৰ নেওগে পৰৱৰ্তী কালৰ চৰিত-পুথি আৰু বৈষ্ণৱ পৰম্পৰাৰ ভিত্তিত শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ জন্ম-চন ১৪৪৯ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ বুলি গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু এই অনুসৰি দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ ৰাজত্ব কাল ১৪ শতিকাৰ মধ্যভাগ বুলি অনুমান কৰিছিল। কিন্তু ২০১৬ চনত লিখা গৱেষণামূলক প্ৰবন্ধত ইতিহাসবিদ বাণীপ্ৰশন্ন মীশ্ৰই উপলব্ধ তথ্যসমূহ পুনৰ বিশ্লেষণ কৰি এই গণনাক নাকচ কৰে আৰু শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ জন্ম সম্ভৱতঃ খ্ৰীষ্টীয় ১৪৭৯–১৪৮৪ চনৰ ভিতৰত হৈছিল বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp. 19-20.</ref> সেই অনুসৰি তেওঁ দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ শাসনকালো পুনৰ নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰি চতুৰ্দশ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ পৰা পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথম ভাগৰ মাজত হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp.23</ref> হেম সৰস্বতীয়ে দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণক ‘‘কমতামণ্ডল’’ৰ ৰজা বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>''প্ৰহ্লাদ চৰিত্ৰ''' উল্লেখ কৰিছে- "কমতামণ্ডল দুলৰ্ভনাৰায়ণ নৃপবৰ অনুপম৷ তাহান ৰাজ্যত ৰুদ্ৰসৰস্বতী দেৱযানী কন্যা নাম৷৷ তাহান তনয় হেমসৰস্বতী ধ্ৰুৱৰ অনুজ ভাই৷"</ref><ref name="sarma">{{cite book | title=অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ সমীক্ষাত্মক ইতিবৃত্ত | publisher=প্ৰতিমা দেৱী | author=ড: [[সত্যেন্দ্ৰনাথ শৰ্মা]] | authorlink=| year=১৯৯৬ | location=গুৱাহাটী | pages=৫৩-৫৪}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন কামৰূপৰ তাম্ৰশাসন আৰু সংস্কৃত ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিভাষাত ‘‘মণ্ডল’’ শব্দটো এক আঞ্চলিক বা ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিসৰ বুজাবলৈহে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। আনহাতে, চুতীয়া তামৰ ফলিত দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰে ‘‘সাধয়াপতি’’ বা সদিয়াৰ ৰজা বুলি পৰিচয় দিয়া দেখা নাযায়; তাৰ বিপৰীতে তেওঁৰ পূৰ্বপুৰুষ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ‘‘কমতাপুৰ’’ৰ ৰজা হৈছিল বুলিহে উল্লেখ কৰিছে। দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণে পৃষ্ঠাপোষকতা আগ বঢ়োৱা আন এজন কবি হৈছে "হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ"। ইতিহাসবিদ মহেশ্বৰ নেওগে এইজন কবিকে ৰামানন্দ দ্বিজৰ "শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বংশী গোপালদেৱ চৰিত"ত উল্লেখ কৰা বংশীগোপালদেৱৰ ককাক হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ বুলি চিনাক্ত কৰিছে।<ref name="ভৰালী">{{cite book | title=এহেজাৰ বছৰৰ এশগৰাকী অসমীয়া | publisher=চিত্ৰলেখা পাব্লিকেশ্বন্‌ছ | author=ভৰালী, হেমন্ত কুমাৰ | year=২০০১ | location=গুৱাহাটী | pages=২৯৮-২৯৯}}</ref> ৰচনাখনত হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰক ''"কুণ্ডিল গোষ্ঠীত জাত পুৰুষ সুন্দৰ / ব্যাঘ্ৰপিণ্ডা গ্ৰামেশ্বৰ মুখ্য পণ্ডিতৰ"'' বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে, অৰ্থাৎ তেওঁক কুণ্ডিল বা চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী [[শদিয়া]] অঞ্চলৰ লোক আৰু ব্যাঘ্ৰপিণ্ডা গাঁৱৰ গ্ৰামেশ্বৰ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite book |title=Harivara Vipra’s Babrubahnar Yuddha and Tamradhwajar Yuddha |editor=Birinchi Kumar Barua; Maheswar Neog |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1960 |page=}}</ref> মহেশ্বৰ নেওগৰ মতে হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰৰ ৰচনাত ‘‘চেতিয়া’’ শব্দৰ উল্লেখো পোৱা যায়। এই শব্দ কিছু ইতিহাসবিদে আহোম যুগৰ পৰৱৰ্তী সংস্কৰণত যোগ হোৱা বুলি ক'ব খোজে।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kakati |first=Banikanta |title=Aspects of Early Assamese Literature |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1953 |page=34}}</ref> কিন্তু বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা দেখা যে এই ''চেতিয়া'' পদবী চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যতো আছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K, "Deodhai Buranji, p.16</ref> আৰু চুহুংমুঙে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰাৰ পাছৰ পৰাহে আহোম ৰাজ্যত প্ৰচলিত হৈছিল।<ref>S.K, "Satsari Buranji, p.16</ref> "কবিৰত্ন সৰস্বতী"ৰ ৰচনাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে তেওঁক দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পুত্ৰ ইন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণয়ে পৃষ্ঠা পোষকতা আগ বঢ়াইছিল। ইতিহাসবিদ বাণীপ্ৰশন্ন মীশ্ৰৰ মতে মাধৱদেৱৰ ভনীয়েক উৰ্বশীয়ে দহ বছৰ বয়সত (১৫২৬ শতিকাত)<ref>{{cite book |last=Misra |first=Baniprasanna |title=Deprovincialising Srimanta Sankaradeva |publisher=Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University |year=2015 |pages=24–25 }}</ref> এই কবিজনৰ বংশৰ ৰামদাস আতাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ৰামদাস ৰত্ন সৰস্বতীৰ পাছৰ ষষ্ঠ প্ৰজন্মৰ পুৰুষ আছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kakati |first=Banikanta |title=Aspects of Early Assamese Literature |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1953 |page=44}}</ref> সেই অনুসৰি ইন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণৰ শাসনকালও পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথমাৰ্ধৰ মাজভাগত (প্ৰায় ১৪২০–১৪৪০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) আছিল বুলি অনুমান কৰিব পাৰি। এই সকলো তথ্যসমূহৰ ভিত্তিত কিছু গৱেষকে কমতা, কামৰূপ আৰু শদিয়া একেই ৰাজ শক্তিয়ে পৰিচালিত কৰিছিল বুলি ক'ব খোজে।<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> তথাপিটো কমতাপুৰৰ এই দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ আৰু চুতীয়া বংশৰ দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ‌ একে ব্যক্তি আছিল নে নাই, সেই বিষয়ে ইতিহাসবিদ সকলৰ মাজত বৰ্তমানেও একমত পোৱা নাযায়। ===ঘাৰমৰা সত্ৰ স্থাপন=== ===চীনৰ লগত সম্পৰ্ক=== ===চুতীয়া-আহোম যুদ্ধ=== ১৫১২ চনত চুতীয়াৰ হাবুঙৰ প্ৰদেশৰ পানবাৰী অঞ্চলত চুহুংমুঙে প্ৰৱেশ কৰে আৰু আগতে বামুণীয়া কোঁৱৰক তূলি লোৱা বামুণ পৰিয়ালটোক নিজৰ লগত লয়। বামুণ জনক সোণৰ লগুণ উপহাৰ দি হাতী-ঘাহী অধিকাৰী পাতি নিজৰ লগত লয়। পানবাৰীত থকাৰ সময়ত আহোম ৰজাই সেনা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমানক দিহিং নৈত মাছ ধৰিবলৈ পঠিয়াই। দিহিঙত ডাঙৰ বৰালী ধৰিবলৈ লওঁতে চুতীয়াই আহোম সেনাক দেখে। দিহিং নৈ চুতীয়া আৰু আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ সীমা আছিল, উত্তৰত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য আৰু দক্ষিণত আহোম ৰাজ্য। চুতীয়াৰ পানীত মাছ ধৰিছে বুলি গম পাই মাণিক চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাই (সম্ভৱতঃ এইজন দিহিং উপত্যকাৰ শাসনকৰ্তা আছিল) মানু্হ পঠিয়াই। কিন্তু আহোম সকলে মাছৰ লগতে চুতীয়া মানু্হকো ধৰি নিয়ে। এই কথা মাণিক চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাই ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ জোৱাঁই নিতাইক জনাই। নীতিপালৰ পৰা ধীৰনাৰায়ণে খবৰ পাই যে আহোম সেনাই দিহিঙৰ সীমা নামানি উত্তৰ পাৰৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ হাবুঙ অঞ্চলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছে।<ref>Assam Buranji (SM), p. 9</ref> * দিখৌ-মুখৰ ৰণ ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই এই কথা গম পাই যুদ্ধ কৰিবলৈ মন কৰে আৰু ১৫১৩ চনত লুইতে দি আহি দিখৌমুখত কোঠ পাতে। সেই সময়ত দিখৌ মুখ আজিৰ দিনৰ কাজিৰঙা‌ ওচৰত আছিল। চুতীয়া সেনাই দিখৌ মুখ অঞ্চলত পচলা গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। তাৰ পৰা আগ বাঢ়ি আহি চেৰুৱাকটা অঞ্চলৰ নঙকামুঙ বিলৰ পাৰত কোঠ পাতে। চেৰুৱাকটাৰ পৰা এখিনি সেনা বৰনাঁৱত উঠি চিৰা আটি অঞ্চললৈ যায়। চুহুংমুঙে চাও-চুখ্ৰিং আৰু ৰাইলুঙীয়া গোহাঁইক সৈন্য দি চুতীয়াৰ বৰনাঁৱ ধৰিবলৈ সেনা পঠিয়াই। তাৰ পাছত তেওঁ চেৰুৱাকটাৰ চুতীয়া সেনাক আক্ৰমণ কৰে। চুতীয়া সেনাই শত্ৰুৰ শক্তিৰ অনুমান নাপায় যুদ্ধত পৰাজয় হব লগিয়া হয়। এই যুদ্ধত ৪ হাজাৰ চুতীয়া সৈনিক স্বহীদ হয় আৰু ৩ হাজাৰ বন্দী হয়। বন্দী সকলৰ মূৰ কাটি আহোম ৰজাই মুণ্ডমালা বান্ধিলে।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji, p.57</ref> সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জীৰ অনুসৰি চুতীয়া সেনা দিখৌমুখৰ পৰা উজাই আহিছিল আৰু ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ তিনিমুণি অঞ্চলত ৫ দিন পুণৰ এখন ৰণ হৈছিল, য'ত মাণিকচন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱা, ৰজাৰ ভায়েক ঢেলা আৰু বৰহুলৈ বৰুৱাই ভাগ লৈছিল। যুদ্ধত মাণিকচন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাৰ গাত কাড় লাগিছিল আৰু বৰহুলৈ বৰুৱাকে প্ৰমুখ কৰি চুতীয়া সেনা পিছ হুঁহকি শদিয়ালৈ আহিলে। ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ এই যুদ্ধৰ কথা কিন্তু অন্য বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই, গতিকে এয়া পাছত হোৱা দিহিংমুখৰ দ্বিতীয়খন ৰণৰ বৰ্ণনাও হ'ব পাৰে যিখনত চুতীয়া সেনা পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ পাছত আহোম সেনাই ডিব্ৰুমুখত গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। যুদ্ধৰ পৰাজয়ৰ ফলত দিখৌ মুখত বাকী থকা চুতীয়া সেনা সেই অঞ্চলৰ পৰা ঘূৰি আহে আৰু পানবাৰী আহোমৰ হাতলৈ যায়। তাৰ পাছত ১৫১৯ চনত চুহুংমুঙ হাবুঙৰ পৰা দিহিংমুখ অঞ্চল লৈ আহে আৰু তাত এটা কোঠ/দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। তেতিয়াৰ দিহিংমুখ আজিৰ দিনৰ পশ্চিম মাজুলী অঞ্চল হয়।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji, p.57</ref><ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, Purani Assam Buranji, p.40</ref> * দিহিং-মুখৰ প্ৰথম ৰণ ১৫২০ চনত চুতীয়া সেনাই এইবাৰ আকৌ ভটিয়াই আহি আহোমৰ নতুনকৈ নিৰ্মিত দিহিংমুখৰ দুৰ্গ(মৌঙখ্ৰাঙ) আক্ৰমণ কৰে। যুদ্ধত চুতীয়া সেনা জয়ী হয় আৰু আহোম সেনাপতি খেনমোঙক মাৰি আহোম সেনাক সেই অঞ্চলৰ পৰা খেদি পঠিয়াই। ফলত দিহিংমুখৰ কোঠ চুতীয়াৰ হাতলৈ যায়।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji, p.57</ref><ref>Purani Assam Buranji, p.40</ref> ===চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন=== * নীতিপালৰ ৰাজত্ব ইয়াৰ পাছতে ১৫২২ চনত ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই [[হাবুং]] অঞ্চলৰ (বৰ্তমান ঢকুৱাখনা) ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰি সাধনী আৰু নিতাই ৰাজ্য ভাৰ দিয়ে। ৰজা হৈ নিতায়ে নীতিপাল নাম লয়। ৰজা ধীৰনাৰায়ণে ৰাজ্য ভাৰ এৰি জামাতাক যুৱৰাজ পাতি, আপোন পুত্ৰ তিনি বছৰৰ শিশু সাধক নাৰায়ণক নীতিপালৰ হাতত সমৰ্পন কৰি দেশান্তৰিত হয়। সামান্য ‌চুতীয়া ল'ৰা ৰজা হোৱাত ৰাজবংশৰ ৰাজপাট দাবীদাৰ কোঁৱৰসকল স্বাভাৱিকতে ক্ষুণ্ণ ‌হৈ পৰে। এই লোক সকলে নিত্যপালক সিংহাসনচ্যুত কৰিবলৈ ষড়যন্ত্ৰত নামে। এই ষড়যন্ত্ৰৰ মূল নায়ক ধীৰনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ ভায়েক সুৰজিৎ ওৰফে সুৰধ্বজপাল আছিল। ষড়যন্ত্ৰ সফল নহ'ল। নীতিপালে তেওঁৰ বিশ্বাসী চোৰাংচোৱাৰ পৰা সকলো কথা জানিব পাৰি ষড়যন্ত্ৰত লিপ্ত বিষয়াক ভাঙি নতুন মন্ত্ৰী বিষয়া নিয়োগ কৰে। পূৰ্ব্বৰ পাত্ৰ মন্ত্ৰী গুচাই সামান্য পাত্ৰ-মন্ত্ৰী পাতি লʼলে। সূৰধ্বজপালক ধৰি আনিবৰ বাবে কাচিতৰা সেনাপতিক পঠায়। কিন্তু সুৰধ্বজ দেশ এৰি পলাই যোৱাত সেই কাম সম্ভৱ নহ'ল। নীতিপালৰ দিনত নাৰায়ণ নামৰ এজন বৰসেনাপতি আৰু ৰঘূবীৰ তথা কাচিতৰা সহসেনাপতি আছিল বুলি জনা যায়। কিন্তু সময়ত নীতিপালৰ শাসন দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰে। পূৰ্বৰ সাধাৰণ বংশৰ লগৰীয়া সকলক ৰাজ্যৰ বিষয়-বাব দিবলৈ ধৰাৰ ফলত সম্ভ্ৰান্ত বংশৰ লোকৰ বিশ্বাস আৰু আনুগত্য হেৰুৱাব লগা হয়। দোষ গুণৰ সুবিচাৰ নকৰি হকে-বিহকে প্ৰজাৰ ওপৰত উৎপীড়ন চলোৱাৰ বাবেই‌ [[নীতিপাল]] প্ৰজাৰ মাজত অনীতিপাল বুলি খ্যাত হৈ পৰে।<ref>Barua, Swarnalata, "Chutia jatir Buranji, p.594.</ref> * দিহিং-মুখৰ দ্বিতীয় ৰণ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ দুৰৱস্থাৰ বাতৰি আহোম ৰজা [[চুহুন্মুং]]ৰ কাণত পৰিল। ফলত সেই বছৰৰ শেষৰ পিনে(১৫২২ চন) তেওঁ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰে। প্ৰথমতে মাজুলীৰ নঙকঙমোঙ বীলৰ ওচৰলৈ আহি তেওঁ দিহিঙমুখত(বৰ্তমানৰ পশ্চিম মাজুলী অঞ্চল) কোঠ দি থকা চুতীয়াক আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ সেনা পঠায়। যুদ্ধৰ নেতৃত্বত থকা বৰগোহাঁয়ে চুতীয়া সেনাক দিহিং মুখৰ পৰা পুবলৈ ঠেলি নিয়ে আৰু লাচাই-টাই নামৰ এজনক চুতীয়াৰ পৰা সংগ্ৰহ কৰা বৰ-নাঁৱত উঠাই ৰজাৰ ওচৰলৈ পঠায়। সেই সময়ত ৰজা বীলৰ পৰা আগ বাঢ়ি আহি চেৰুৱাকতা নামৰ অঞ্চল এটাত আছিল। চুহুংমুঙে লাচাই-টাইক যুদ্ধৰ খবৰ লয়। লাচাই-টাই ৰজাক জনাই যে চুতীয়া সৈন্য লুইত(টিলাও) নৈ‌ ওচৰৰ অঞ্চলৰ লগতে ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ(চোপ-নাম-টিফাও) পানীত কোঠ পাতি আছে।<ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 17.</ref> ইয়াৰ পাছতে হয়টো আগতে উল্লেখ কৰি অহা ডিব্ৰুগড় ৰণখন সংঘটিত হয়। * ডিব্ৰু-মুখ/ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ ৰণ ১৫২৩ চনৰ কাতি মাহত চুহুংমুঙৰ আদেশত ফ্ৰাচেনমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই আৰু কিঙলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁই ৰাজমন্ত্ৰীয়ে নিজৰ সমস্ত সৈন্য বাহিনী লয় ডিব্ৰুমুখলৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহি তাত এটা গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। চুহুংমুঙে চৰাইদেউ লৈ আহি ভগৱানৰ ওচৰত বলি আগ বঢ়ায়। ১৫২৩ চনৰ আঘোণ মাহত চুহুংমুঙে সৈন্য বাহিনী লয় আগ বাঢ়ি চেঁচামুখত কোঠ দিয়ে। নীতিপালে গড় বন্ধাৰ খবৰ পাই শদিয়াৰ পৰা লাৰুপাৰা(বৰ্তমান চাবুৱাৰ ওচৰৰ) লৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহে। তাৰ পৰা তেওঁ শত্ৰুক দেশৰ পৰা খেদিবলৈ বুঢ়া বৰুৱাৰ নেতৃত্বত ডিব্ৰুমুখ লৈ সৈন্য বাহিনী পঠিয়ায়। সম্ভৱতঃ এজন ডিব্ৰু উপত্যকাৰ শাসনকৰ্তা আছিল। চুতীয়া সেনাপতি জনে ৰজাৰ আদেশ মতে ডিব্ৰুগড় আক্ৰমণ কৰে। আনপিনে চুহুংমুঙেও ডিব্ৰুমুখলৈ আহি যুদ্ধত ভাগ লয়। ফ্ৰাচেনমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই আৰু কিঙলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁই ৰাজমন্ত্ৰীয়ে একলগ হৈ পথে দি আগ বাঢ়ি চুতীয়াৰ নৌ বাহিনীক আক্ৰমণ কৰে। চুতীয়াৰ নৌ সেনাৰ নেতৃত্বত আছিল কাচিতৰা, চুলুকী চেতিয়া (GC Baruaৰ বুৰঞ্জীত এলেঙী চেতিয়া বুলি কোৱা হৈছে) আৰু বৰপাত্ৰ নামৰ তিনিজন সেনাপতি। বৰপাত্ৰ জন সম্ভৱতঃ সোৱণশিৰি উপত্যকাৰ তথা হাবুঙৰ শাসনকৰ্তা আছিল, যিজনক তামৰ ফলিত হাবুঙাধিপতি বৃহৎ পাত্ৰ বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। কাচিতৰা আছিল লুইত উপত্যকাৰ শাসনকৰ্তা। যুদ্ধত চুতীয়া সেনা পৰাস্ত হয়। পিছ দিনা চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই গড়ত থকা সকলো মন্ত্ৰী ডাঙৰীয়া আৰু সেনাক লগত লৈ আগ বাঢ়ি সোণাৰী অঞ্চলত (বৰ্তমান কাকপথাৰ অঞ্চল) সোমায়। <ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 17.</ref> * নীতিপালৰ সন্ধি প্ৰস্তাৱ ইয়াকে দেখি নীতিপালে আহোম ৰজা লৈ কটকীৰ সৈতে কিছুমান উপহাৰ পঠায়। উপহাৰ সমূহৰ মাজত আছিল সোণৰ কাণফুলী/কেৰু(তং-ৰু-খাম), সোণোৱালী‌ মেখেলা(চিন-খাম), কপাহী কাপোৰ(ফ্ৰা-নোন), ৰূপৰ বিচনা(থা-কা-ঙেন), পাটি, ইত্যাদি। সকলো উপহাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিও চুহুংমুঙে চুতীয়া ৰাজ সম্পদ(সোণ-ৰুপৰ মেকুৰী, সোণ-ৰুপৰ ছত্ৰ, ৰাজকীয় খাট আৰু ৰাজ দণ্ড), ১০টা দতাল হাতী, এজনী মাখুন্দী হাতী আৰু এজনী ছোৱালী বিচাৰি পঠায়। নীতিপালে ছোৱালী আৰু হাতী দিবলৈ মান্তি হয় যদিও ৰাজকীয় সম্পদ পূৰ্বপুৰুষৰ সম্পত্তি বুলি দিবলৈ নিবিচাৰে। ইয়াৰ বিপৰীতে এক মাহৰ পাছত সোণ-ৰুপৰ জাপি(কোপ-খাম-ঙেন), সোণৰ তেমি(খোপ-খাম), সোণৰ তোম(লিউ-খাম), সোণৰ ছত্ৰ (চাং-খাম), সোণৰ খাৰু(মাউ-খাম), সোণৰ ভৰিৰ খাৰু(খু-টিন-খাম), হাতী, ঘোঁৰা, হাতীৰ দাতৰ পাটি, কটাৰী আৰু পানীকমলী কাপোৰ দি পঠায়। সমান্তৰাল ভাৱে নীতিপালে লুইতৰ পাৰত এটা দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিবলৈ লয় আৰু তাতে থাকে। দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণৰ কথা শুনি, ৰাজসম্পদ নাপায় আৰু লগতে উপহাৰৰ মাজত কটাৰী দেখি চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই শদিয়াপুৰ আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্ণয় কৰে।<ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 18.</ref> * শদিয়াৰ ৰণ ১৫২৪ চনৰ বহাগত লুইত নৈ পাৰ হৈ শদিয়া(সধয়াপুৰ) আক্ৰমণ কৰে। [[ব'হাগ বিহু|ব'হাগ মাহৰ বিহুৰ দিনা]] [[শদিয়া]] আক্ৰমণ কৰা হৈছিল। বিহুৰ দিনা শদিয়াৰ চাৰি শালত বৰ-বলি আয়োজন কৰা হয়, যʼত [[দেউৰী জনগোষ্ঠী|দেউৰী]] পূজাৰীৰ বাহিৰে অন্য লোকে হাতত অস্ত্ৰ লোৱাতো বৰ্জিত আছিল। আজিও এই বৰবলিৰ নিয়ম শদিয়া অঞ্চলৰ থান সমূহত পালন কৰা হয়। সেই সময়ত সৌমাৰ খণ্ডত একমাত্ৰ চুতীয়া সকলৰ মাজত হে খাৰ-বাৰুদ বা হিলৈ-বৰটোপৰ প্ৰচলন আছিল। সেই বাবে হয়তো আক্ৰমণকাৰী সকলে বিহুৰ বতৰত আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্ণয় কৰি লৈছিল। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ মতে সেই সময়ত নীতিপালে পুখুৰী এটাও খন্দাই আছিল। শদিয়াৰ দুৰ্গত কৰা আক্ৰমণ সহিব নোৱাৰি নীতিপাল চন্দনগিৰি লৈ গুচি আহে আৰু কাচিতৰা দৈথাং পৰ্বতত উঠে।<ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 19.</ref> * চন্দনগিৰি আৰু দৈথাং পৰ্বতৰ ৰণ চুহুংমুঙে শদিয়াৰ বৰনগৰত থাকি ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই আৰু কিঙলুন ৰাজমন্ত্ৰীক(বুঢ়াগোহাঁই) চন্দনগিৰি লৈ আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ পঠায়। আনহাতে কনচেং ধনুদাৰী গোহাঁইক (চাও-চঙ কুঙ-ৰিণ) কাচিতৰাৰ লগত যুঁজিবলৈ দৈথাং পৰ্বতলৈ পঠায়। ইফালে চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ তামুলী গজৰাই বৰুৱা আৰু তেওঁৰ পৰিয়ালক আহোম বাহিনীয়ে বন্দী কৰে‌ আৰু চুতীয়া ৰজা ৰাণীৰ আত্মগোপন স্থান প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হয়। বুৰঞ্জী অনুসৰি সেহি সময় চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ তামুলী গজৰায় বৰুৱা হাবিত পলাই আছিল। তাৰে ল'ৰাৰ কান্দন শুনি ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙৰ পুত্ৰ ঘৰ সন্দিকৈয়ে বেঢ়ি ধৰিলে‌ বোলে-"ৰজাৰ কথা ক নকলে‌ কাটিম।" এই বুলি তাৰ ল'ৰা তিৰোতাক বন্দী কৰি তাক পঠাই দিলে। বহু প্ৰচেষ্টা সত্ত্বেও গজৰায়ে ৰজাক বিচাৰি নাপাইছিল। শেষত ৰাণীৰ ভোক লাগিলত জুৰি‌ এখনৰ কাষত ভাত ৰান্ধোতে উঠা ধোঁৱা দেখিহে গম পালে আৰু সেইমতে আহোম বিষয়াসকলক জনালেহি যে চুতীয়া ৰজা ৰাণীয়ে চন্দনগিৰিৰ এখন পাহাৰীয়া জুৰিৰ ওচৰত আশ্ৰয় লৈছে।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K.,''Assam Buranji(SM)'',p.10</ref> চন্দনগিৰি পৰ্বতত উঠিবৰ কাৰণে আহোম সেনাই আপ্ৰাণ চেষ্টা চলাইও সফল নহয়। চুতীয়া সেনাই ওপৰৰ পৰা শিল বগৰাই আৰু দলিয়াই বহুতো আক্ৰমণকাৰীৰ বধ কৰে। সাতসৰী আৰু অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ (SM)ৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে সেই সময়ত [[সতী সাধনী|সাধনী ৰাণী]]‌ গৰ্ভৱতী আছিল। GC Baruaৰ আহোম ভাষাৰ বুৰঞ্জীত ৰাণী/কোঁৱৰী গৰাকীক‌ নাঙ-লুং কোৱা হৈছে। লগতে উল্লেখ আছে ৰজা আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ। যিহেতু নাঙ-লুঙৰ অৰ্থ ৰাণী নে‌ কোঁৱৰী সঠিক কয় ক'ব নোৱাৰি গতিকে এই তিনি গৰাকী লোক নাইবা ধীৰনাৰায়ণ, সাধনী আৰু নীতিপাল/সাধকনাৰায়ণ বা নীতিপাল, সাধনী আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হ'ব পাৰে। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে নীতিপাল সাধনীৰ বিয়া ১৫১২ৰ আগতেই হৈ গৈছিল কাৰণ অসম বুৰঞ্জী(SM)ৰ অনুসৰি ১৫১৩ চনত ধীৰনাৰায়ণক আহোমৰ বিষয়ে তেওঁৰ জোঁৱায়েকে খবৰ দিছিল। সাধনী আৰু নীতিপালৰ‌ লগতে ১২০ গৰাকী কোঁৱৰীয়েও শিলা কুচাই বিৰোধী পক্ষৰ সৈনিকক মাৰে। আহোম সৈন্য চন্দনগিৰি পৰ্বতত উঠিবলৈ সক্ষম নহৈ পিছুৱাই আহিব লগাত পৰে আৰু এজন চুতীয়া সৈনিকক লগত ধৰি আনে। ইয়াৰ পাছত আক্ৰমণকাৰী সকলে ৰননীতি কৰি পৰ্বতৰ তিনিফালে বেৰি ধৰিব লয়। চাও ৰু-পক আৰু কিছু লোক ঘিলা গছৰ সহায়ত চন্দনগিৰি পাহাৰত উঠিল, কিন্তু মানুহ নেদেখিলে। আগ বাঢ়ি গৈ এখন গাঁও পালে আৰু তাত দুকুৰিমান মানুহ দেখিলে। চুতীয়া বুৰঞ্জী অনুসৰি ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই কিছু লোকক ঘিলা গছত উঠি [[ঢোল]] বজাবলৈ আদেশ দিয়ে। হয়তো এই সকল আগতে ধৰি অনা‌ চুতীয়া বন্দী আছিল। আগৰ দিনত ঢোল বজোৱাটো যুদ্ধত জয়ৰ প্ৰতীক আছিল। ঢোল বজাই বিজয়ৰ কথা জনাই দিয়া হয়। সেই বাবে পাহাৰৰ ওপৰত উঠি থকা ৰজা ৰাণীয়ে বিহুৰ বতৰত ঢোলৰ মাত শুনি বাহিৰলৈ উলাই আহে আৰু তিনিও ফালৰ পৰা শত্ৰুৰ আক্ৰমণৰ বলি হয়। নীতিপালক আহোম সেনাই বৰদ্বাৰত দেখিলে। তথাপিও চুতীয়া সেনানী যি সকল আছিলে সেই সকলে আকৌ শিল দলিয়াই কিছু শত্ৰুক মাৰিলে।নীতিপালে শত্ৰুৰ গালৈ কাড় মাৰিবলৈ লয় যদিও বিৰোধী পক্ষৰ জানমোঙখাম হাতীবৰুৱাৰ (ফু-কে-চং) কাড় লাগি মৃত্যু বৰণ কৰে। সাধনীয়ে নিজৰ মহিলা সৈন্য বাহিনীক লগত লয় যুঁজ দিয়ে যদিও শেষত পৰাস্ত হৈ চন্দনগিৰিৰ পৰা জাপ মাৰে। প্ৰায় সংখ্যক বুৰঞ্জীত সাধনীয়ে আত্মবলিদান কৰিছিল বুলি আছে যদিও গোপাল চন্দ্ৰ বৰবৰুৱাৰ টাই ভাষাৰ বুৰঞ্জীত ৰাণীৰ (নাঙ-লুং) গাত যাঠি লাগিছিল বুলি উল্লেখ আছে। যিকি নহওক এই তথ্য পৰাও ৰানী সাধনীয়ে আত্মসমৰ্পণ নকৰি শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দিয়াৰ কথাহে পোহৰলৈ আনে, কাৰণ আত্মসমৰ্পণ কৰা হ'লে তেওঁক যাঠি মাৰি আক্ৰমণ কৰা নহ'ল হয়। আনপিনে কাচিতৰাক কনচেঙে দৈথাং পৰ্বতত পৰাস্ত কৰে। <ref>Deodhai Assam Buranji, p. 19.</ref> ===ৰাজ্য পতনৰ পৰবৰ্তী পৰিস্থিতি=== চুতীয়া ৰজা নীতিপাল, তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ আৰু কাচিতৰা তিনিওৰে মূৰ চন্দগিৰি আৰু দৈথাঙৰ পৰা কাটি আনি শদিয়াত থকা চুহুংমুঙৰ আগত প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। দেওধাই বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে সাধনীৰ মূৰটো কাটি অনা হৈছিল। ৰজা আৰু পুত্ৰৰ মূৰ কেইটা নচোৱাই পৰ্বতত মুণ্ডামালা বান্ধি শেষত চৰাইদেউৰ শালৰ খটখটিত পোতি থোৱা হয়। অসম বুৰঞ্জী(SM)ৰ মতে আহোম সেনাই সাধনীৰ মৃত শৰীৰৰ পৰা কঁকালত পিন্ধা সোণৰ কঙ্কালি লয় আনি শদিয়াৰ থানলৈ আনিছিল, কিন্তু তাত কিছুমান চুতীয়াই আক্ৰমণ কৰি লাপিত ফাংত্যাং দেওধাই নামৰ এজনক বধ কৰিছিল। Edward Gaitৰ‌ A History of Assamত উল্লেখ কৰা‌ মতে ৰাণীৰ মৃত্যু যাঠী লাগ হৈছিল। GC Baruaৰ Ahom Buranjiত ৰাণীৰ(নাঙ-লুং) বিষয়ে দিয়া আছে যদিও এই অংশৰ অনুবাদ দিয়া হোৱা নাই। অংশটোত "টিং" শব্দৰ উল্লেখ চাই ক'ব পাৰি যে ইয়াতো ৰাণীৰ গাত "যাঠী" লগাৰ কথাই উল্লেখ আছে। "পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জীৰ অনুসৰি কোঁৱৰী কিছুমানক কাটিছিল আৰু কিছুমানক ধৰি আনিছিল<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra,"Purani Assam Buranji, p. 42</ref>। অন্য বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত এই অংশত ৰানী সাধনীৰ(নাঙ-লুং) কথ উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই। ===চুতীয়া ভূমিৰ বিতৰণ=== শদিয়া ৰাজধানী শাসন কৰিবলৈ ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁইক তিনিশ সৈনিক দিয়া হৈছিল। শদিয়া আৰু দিহিং অঞ্চলত নতুনকৈ আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ মানুহ আনি থাকিবলৈ দিয়া হয়। ‌চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰদেশ সমূহ ভাল দৰে শাসন কৰিবলৈ বহুতো নতুন পদবী সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়। ১৫২৬ চনত চাওচেং কুঙৰিন (ধনুধৰিয়া গোহাঁই)‌ কনচেঙক থাওমৌঙ মৌঙ-তেও (ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁই বা নামনিয়াল সন্দিকৈ<ref>Satsari Buranji, p.62</ref>) পতা হয়। এইজনক হাবুঙ অঞ্চলত ৰখা হয় আৰু ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰৰ বিশ্বনাথৰ, লখিমপুৰ আৰু ধেমাজি শাসন কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হয়।‌ একেই বছৰতে থাওমৌঙ বানলুং (বানলুঙীয়া গোহাঁই) খেওখেনক থাওমৌঙ লৌঙ-ক্লং (দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই)‌ পতা‌ হয়। সেই‌ সময়ত দিহিং নৈ পাটকাইৰ পৰা ডিগবৈ, দিহিং-পাটকাই অৰণ্য, তিপাম,‌ নাহৰকটীয়া, মৰাণহাট, চেপন, বকতা, চৰগুৱা হৈ ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰৰ সমান্তৰাল ভাৱে বৈ গৈ পশ্চিম মাজুলী/বোকাখাত অঞ্চলত ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰত পাৰিছিল। এইজন গোহাঁইক দিহিং প্ৰদেশ অৰ্থাৎ মাজুলী, উত্তৰ শিৱসাগৰ, ডিব্ৰুগড় আৰু দক্ষিণ তিনিচুকীয়া লৈকে শাসন‌ কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হয়। সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে প্ৰথমতে ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁইক শদিয়াৰ ৰাজ আৰু কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক দিহিং ৰাজ দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>Satsari Buranji, p.68</ref> ১৫২৬ চনত হোৱা চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহৰ ফলত ডিব্ৰুগড়ত নতুন এখন প্ৰদেশ গঠন কৰি ১৫২৭ত চাওলুং চুলিঙক শাসনকৰ্তা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়, যাতে ১৫২৬ৰ দৰে শদিয়া অঞ্চলত পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ হ'লে ডিব্ৰু প্ৰদেশৰ সেনাই শদিয়া বাহিনীৰ সহযোগ কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও একেই‌ সময়তে কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক "থাও-মুঙ-বঙেন" পাতি তিনিচুকীয়া অঞ্চল শাসন(সোণাৰীৰ পৰা লুইতৰ লৈকে) কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হয়। শদিয়াৰ মহং (নগা পাহাৰৰ মহঙতকৈ পৃথক) অঞ্চলৰ লোণৰ খাট ৰক্ষা কৰিবলৈ "থাও-মুঙ-বক্লাঙ" বা‌ হাটখোৱা গোহাঁই নিযুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। বুৰঞ্জীৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে ১৫২৯ চনত হোৱা চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহত দুয়োজন গোহাঁই (ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙ বৰগোঁহাই আৰু কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁই) একেলগে শদিয়া-তিনিচুকীয়া অঞ্চলতে শাসন কৰি আছিল। একেই বছৰৰে(১৫২৭) শেষৰ পিনে কনচেঙক ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁইৰ পৰা নতুন পদবী‌ "চাও-চেঙলুং"‌(ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী) দিয়া হয়<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, ''Ahom Buranji'', p.61</ref>। পূৰ্বতে ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী পদবীটো বৰগোঁহাই বা বুঢ়াগোহাঁই এজনক দিয়া হৈছিল। ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী পাতি চুহুংমুঙে কনচেঙক দুয়োজন‌ গোহাঁইৰ লগত একেই শাৰিতে ৰাখি সমমৰ্যাদা দিছিল। চুতীয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰ পদবীটো চুহুংমুঙৰ‌ দিনটো অব্যাহত আছিল। চুক্লেংমুঙ(চুহুংমুঙৰ পুত্ৰ) ৰজাৰ দিনত চুতীয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰ এজনৰ সমৰ্থন পাই হাবুঙৰ ব্ৰাহ্মণ মুখিয়াল এজনে বিদ্ৰোহ কৰে। ফলত যুদ্ধ এখন হয় য'ত বৰপাত্ৰ জনৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু ব্ৰাহ্মণজন বেহাৰলৈ পলাই যায়<ref> সুকুমাৰ মহন্তৰ ঘৰত পোৱা অসম বুৰঞ্জী, ২৫ পৃষ্ঠাত আছে-"সেই সময়ত ৰজা দাই ধৰিলে, বোলে-'চুটিয়া মাৰি ভূঞা বিলাকক মাৰি-কাটি বুপা ৰজায়ে ময়েহে ৰাজ্য লৈছো। বামুণে যে ৰজা‌ হয় চুটিয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰকনো কিহলৈ থৈছোঁ?' এহি বুলি বৰপাত্ৰক মাৰিলে, বামুণকো ‌মাৰিব চালে, সপুত্ৰবান্ধৱে বেহাৰলৈ পলাই গেʼল। " </ref>। এই বৰপাত্ৰ জন হয়টো পুৰণি চুতীয়া বৰপাত্ৰ জনেই আছিল (ডিব্ৰাৰুগড় ৰণত আত্মসমৰ্পণ কৰিব পাৰে) বা‌ একেই পৰিয়ালৰ লোক আছিল‌‌। তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছতে হয়টো "চাও-চেঙলুং" আৰু "বৰপাত্ৰ" উপাধি দুটা মিলি "বৰপাত্ৰগোঁহাই" হিচাপে জনাজাত হয়।<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516963?read-now=1&seq=18#page_scan_tab_contents Guha, Amalendu, ''The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)'',p. 20,''It appears that the noble designation of Barpatragohain was borrowed from the civil list of Habung where the local ruler, a dependent of the Chutia king, had the title of Vrihatpatra''.]</ref> এই‌ সকলো কথাৰ পৰা সহজে ধৰিব পাৰি যে চুহুংমুঙে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া বিষয়া সকলৰ ঠাইতেই একো একোটা নতুন পদবী গঠন কৰিছিল। চুতীয়া বৰপাত্ৰৰ ঠাইত প্ৰথমতে ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁই আৰু পাছলৈ বৰপাত্ৰ গোহাঁই, মাণিক চন্দ্ৰ বৰুৱাৰ ঠাইত দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই, ডিব্ৰুৰ বুঢ়া বৰুৱাৰ ঠাইত চাওলুং চুলিঙ আৰু শদিয়া-তিনিচুকীয়াত কাচিতৰা বৰুৱা বা ৰজাৰ ঠাইত দুয়ো প্ৰমুখ গোহাঁই। ইয়াৰ পাছত দিহিঙৰ পাৰৰ বকতাত নতুন ৰাজধানী এখন নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হয়।<ref>Ahom Buranji(GC Barua), p.64</ref> ==ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰশাসনিক আৰু সামৰিক ব্যৱস্থা== ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ স্থাপত্য আৰু কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন== ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যত পোৱা সম্পদ== চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা কমাৰ, সোণাৰি, কমাৰ, কুমাৰ, কহাৰ, তাতি, খনিকৰ, বাঢ়ৈ, বামুণ, কায়স্থ, গণক, কলিতা, ইত্যাদি বহুতো ভিন্ন ভিন্ন‌‌ বৃক্তিকৰ লোক পোৱা‌ গৈছিল। ইয়াৰ বহুতো লোকক ৰজাই নিজৰ ৰাজধানী লৈ লয় আনে।‌ চুতীয়াৰ বাহিৰে মিচিং‌,‌ দেউৰী, কিছু মৰাণ আৰু কোচ জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকো চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ নাগৰিক আছিল। তাৰে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ মিচিং সকলক "চুতীয়া মিৰি" কোৱা‌ হৈছিল যি‌ সকল আজিৰ দিনৰ বাৰগাম মিচিং যেনে দলে, পেগু, পায়েং, টাইদ, ইত্যাদি। চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ শুকান মাংসৰ ভৰালী জন কোচ লোক আছিল। তিনি হাজাৰ চুতীয়া কমাৰক চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই যোৰহাট জিলাৰ বছাৰ পিনে আৰু তাৰে উজনি অঞ্চলত বহুৱাইছিল<ref>Sarma, Benudhar, ''Maniram Dewan, p.287</ref>। বন্দী হোৱা লোকৰ পৰা বিভিন্ন "চেতিয়া" খেল/বংশও সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ বাহিৰে শদিয়াত বহুতো সম্পদ যেনে সোণৰ মাইহাং, কেকুৰা দোলা,‌‌ কলাই খাৰ,‌‌ সোণৰ তিনিচুকীয়া সিংহাসন, খাট, ভোগজৰা, বেলা, জাপি, পিকদান, আৰোৱান, দবা, কালি, হিলৈ, বৰটোপ (মিঠাহুলোং),‌ হিলৈ-তোলা চৰা নাও, চুতীয়া ধেনু, বৰধেনু, বাৰু-বৰ্চা, ইত্যাদি পোৱা গৈছিল। বহুতো ঘোৰা, গৰু-মʼহ আৰু হাতীও লাভ কৰা হৈছিল। সম্পদ সমূহ শদিয়াৰ পৰা দিহিং নৈয়ে দি ৰাজধানী‌ লৈ অনা হয় ‌আৰু পাছলৈ চাৰিং অঞ্চলত ৰখা হয়। এখিনি চুতীয়া লোকক চাৰিঙত পাতি নাওবৈচা খেল সৃষ্টি কৰে,‌ য'ৰ পৰা পাছলৈ শেনচোৱা, তাঙোন ধৰা, বচোৱাল বোৱা, ইত্যাদি খেলৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। এই নাওবৈচা সকলে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা পোৱা চৰানাও চলাই। একেধৰণে এখিনি লোকক লয় হিলৈধাৰী ফৈদ গঠন কৰা হৈছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰা পাছত আহোম সকলে প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে মিৰি, মিচিমি, আবৰ, দফলা, ইত্যাদি পাহাৰীয়া জাতিৰ সম্পৰ্কত আহে।<ref>Satsari Assam Buranji,p.14, 61</ref> ==ৰজা সকলৰ তালিকা== {|class="wikitable" |+ '''ৰজাৰ তালিকাত''' |- ! # ! বছৰ ! ৰাজত্ব কাল ! নাম ! অন্য নাম |---- | ১. | ১১৮৭ - ১২২০ | ৩৩ ব | বীৰপাল | গয়াপাল |---- | ২. | ১২২০ - ১২৫৫ | ৩৫ ব | [[ৰত্নধ্বজপাল]] | গৌৰীনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৩. | ১২৫৫ - ১২৭০ | ১৫ ব | বিজয়ধ্বজপাল | শিৱনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৪. | ১২৭০ - ১২৮৫ | ১৫ ব | বিক্ৰমধ্বজপাল | জগতনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৫. | ১২৮৫ - ১৩০৫ | ২০ ব | গৌৰধ্বজপাল | প্ৰমত্তনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৬. | ১৩০৫ - ১৩২৫ | ২০ ব | শঙ্খধ্বজপাল | হৰিনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৭. | ১৩২৫ - ১৩৪৩ | ১৮ ব | ময়ূৰধ্বজপাল | গোলোকনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৮. | ১৩৪৩ - ১৩৬০ |১৭ ব | জয়ধ্বজপাল | বজ্ৰনাৰায়ণ |---- | ৯. | ১৩৬০ - ১৩৮০ | ২০ ব | কৰ্মধ্বজপাল | নন্দেশ্বৰ/নন্দিনৃপ |---- | ১০. | ১৩৮০ - ১৪০০ | ২০ ব | সত্যনাৰায়ণ | ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ |---- | ১১. | ১৪০০ - ১৪১৫ | ১৫ ব | লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণ | ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ |---- | ১২. | ১৪১৫ - ১৪৩০ | ১৫ ব | দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৩. | ১৪৩০- ১৪৪৫ | ১৫ ব | মুক্তধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৪. | ১৪৪৫ - ১৪৬৫ | ২০ ব | প্ৰত্যক্ষনাৰায়ণ/প্ৰতাপনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৫. | ১৪৬৫ - ১৪৮০ | ১৫ ব | যশনাৰায়ণ | |---- | ১৬. | ১৪৮০- ১৫০০ | ২০ ব | পুৰন্দৰধ্বজপাল | পুৰন্দৰনাৰায়ণ |---- | ১৭. | ১৫০০ - ১৫২২ | ২২ ব | ধৰ্মধ্বজপাল | [[ধীৰনাৰায়ণ]] |---- | ১৮. | ১৫২২ - ১৫২৪ | ২ ব | নীতিপাল/নিত্যপাল | চন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণ |} ==চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ হিলৈ-বৰতোপৰ প্ৰচলন== হিলৈ-বৰতোপ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ এক মূল্যৱান উন্নত অস্ত্ৰ আছিল। এই ৰাজ্যৰ হিলৈ-বৰতোপৰ প্ৰচলনৰ কথা বহুতো ঐতিহাসিক তথ্য পোৱা যায়। বুৰঞ্জী সমূহত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে আহোম ৰজাই চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী শদিয়াৰ পৰা আন সম্পদৰ লগতে হিলৈ<ref>Bhuyan, S.K,"Deodhai Assam Buranji", p. 126</ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K,"Assam Buranji(SM), p.10</ref><ref>হিতেশ্বৰ বৰবৰুৱা, আহোমৰ দিন, p.49</ref> আৰু হিলৈ তোলা চ'ৰানাও উদ্ধাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>Phukan, Kasinath Tamuli, "Assam Buranji",p.17-18</ref><ref>Bhuyan,S.K,"Satsari Buranji,p.135</ref> মনিৰাম‌ দেৱানৰ লেখনীৰ মতে "মিঠা হুলং" বৰটোপ টো চুতীয়া সকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল।<ref>Sharma, Benudhar.''Maniram Dewan, p.289.''</ref> তেওঁ লিখিছে, ''"ওপৰত যিকেইটা তোপৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছে তাৰ ভিতৰত মিঠাহোলোং বোলাবিধ পোন-প্ৰথমতে দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাই চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ পৰা পায়।"'' চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাই ৩০০০ চুতীয়া কমাৰক গোলাঘাট-যোৰহাট জিলাত সংস্থাপিত কৰি বৰটোপ-হিলৈ, ইত্যাদি বনাবলৈ আদেশ দিছিল। মনিৰাম দেৱানে উল্লেখ কৰিছে,‌ {{blockquote|"তেওঁ বিলাকৰ(চুতীয়াৰ) পৰা ভালেমান দোলা, কালী,...,হিলৈ আৰু কলাই খাৰৰ(gunpowder) বাদেও অসংখ্য কমাৰ কাম কৰা মানুহ বন্দী কৰি আনে। ৰজাই তেওঁবিলাকৰ কিছুমানক বচাৰ পিনে আৰু কিছুমানক উজনিৰ পিনে বহুৱালে আৰু কমাৰ শাল পতাই লো-দা-কটাৰী, হিলৈ, বৰতোপ আদি গঢ়িবলৈ আহিলাপাতি যতাই দিলে। তেওঁ বিলাকৰ ভিতৰত কামৰ ভাল-বেয়া চাবলৈ হাজৰিকা, শইকীয়াও পাতি দিলে।‌ দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাৰ দিনৰ পৰাহে অসম ৰাজ্যত(আহোম ৰাজ্যত) কমাৰৰ খেল আৰু ব্যৱসায় চলন্তি হয়। দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাৰ দিনত অসমত ৩০০০ কমাৰ আছিল।"}} [[File:Ahom cannons.jpg|thumb|আহোম যুগৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা উদ্ধাৰ কৰা মিঠাহুলং বৰটোপ]] ইতিহাসবিদ হিতেশ্বৰ বৰবৰুৱাই নিজৰ গ্ৰন্থ "আহোমৰ দিন"ত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে চুহুংমুঙৰ দিনত চুতীয়াৰ পৰা বৰতোপ-হিলৈ অধিকাৰ কৰাৰ পাছৰপৰাহে আহোম ৰজাসকলে অসমত আগ্নেয় অস্ত্ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ ধৰে।<ref>হিতেশ্বৰ বৰবৰুৱা, আহোমৰ দিন, p.451</ref> চুতীয়াৰ পৰাজয়ৰ পাছত গৌড় ৰাজ্যৰ সেনাই ১৫২৭ আৰু ১৫৩২ত দুবাৰকৈ অসম আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল। এই যুদ্ধত গৌড় সেনাই হিলৈ-বৰটোপ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল যদিও আহোম সেনাই কেৱল ধেনু কাঁড় হে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। অৱশ্যে এই যুদ্ধতো আহোম সেনাই বহুতো হিলৈ-বৰটোপ উদ্ধাৰ কৰিছিল‌।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji", p. 61-68</ref> ১৫৩৬ চনত নগা বিৰুদ্ধে হোৱা ৰণত প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে আহোম সৈন্যৰ হাতত বৰটোপ থকা কথা উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji", p. 75</ref> তদুপৰি আহোম সেনাই ১৬১৭ চনত মোগলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে হে প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে হিলৈ-বৰটোপ ব্যবহাৰ কৰিব লৈছিল বুলি জনা যায়<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, "Ahom Buranji", p. 75</ref>। নাওবৈচা ফুকনৰ বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে খোৰা ৰজাৰ দিনত(১৫৫২-১৬০৩) প্ৰথম বাৰৰ বাবে চুতীয়া লোকক নিযুক্তি দি হিলৈদাৰী ফৈদ গঠন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>নাওবৈচা ফুকনৰ বুৰঞ্জী, p.55</ref><ref>The Chutiyas being expert warrior knew the use of matchlocks. After their subjugation, the Chutiyas were, therefore engaged in manufacturing matchlocks and they became prominent in the ''Hiloidhari-Khel'' (guild for manufacturing matchlocks)"{{harvcol|Dutta|1985|p=30}}</ref> হেমকোষ অভিধানত চুতীয়া সকলৰ হিলৈক "চুতীয়া হিলৈ" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। বৃটিছৰ ১৮৯১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লত "হিলেদাৰী"ৰ বাহিৰেও "চুতীয়া-হিলৈদাৰী" বুলি এটা পৃথক খেল/শ্ৰেণীৰ উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। এই সকলে হয়টো ৰণত "চুতীয়া হিলৈ" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YvV-VI_2YRkC&pg=PR67&dq=sutiyahilaidari&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiiqITCufiRAxXdwTgGHeU5KJcQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false Census of India 1891, p. 17]</ref> ==চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহ== ১৫২৪ চনত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতন হৈছিল যদিও চুতীয়া সকলৰ মনৰ পৰা স্বাধীনতা আৰু স্বৰাজৰ আশা নাইকিয়া হৈ যোৱা নাছিল। চিৰদিন স্বাধীন হৈ থকা চুতীয়া সকলে বীৰাঙ্গণা ৰাণী সাধনীৰ আত্মোৎসৰ্গৰ কথা সোঁৱৰি পুনৰ জাগ্ৰত হৈ উঠিল আৰু বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰিলে। এই বিদ্ৰোহ ১৫২৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৭০০ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ লৈকে চলিছিল। ১৭৭০ দখকৰ মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহে জাতিটোৰ শেষ বিদ্ৰোহ বুলি কব পাৰি যাৰ ফলত সকলো নহলেও এটা অংশয়ে স্বাধীন হৈ নিজৰ ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰিছিল। চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী শদিয়া ধ্বংস হোৱাৰ ফলত বহুতো ৰাজকোঁৱৰ আৰু সম্ভ্ৰান্ত পৰিয়ালৰ লোকে পাহাৰীয়া মিচিং, মিচিমি জাতিৰ লোক সকলৰ মাজত আশ্ৰয় লৈছিল আৰু প্ৰথম বিদ্ৰোহ এই সকল লোকে আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। এই কথা কোচ ৰজা সকলৰ দৰং ৰাজ বংশাৱলীতো উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। <poem>"পূৰ্বে চুটিয়াৰ ৰজা সিঠাৱে আছিল। অন্যায়ে অসম ছল কৰিয়া মাৰিলে॥ যিমতে মাৰিল তাৰ শুনিয়ো কাহিনী। বলে নপাৰিয়া স্বৰ্গী ৰাজা মনে গুণি॥ ৩৬৪ ... তাৰ পুত্ৰ ভাই যত সকলে পলাইল। মিৰি মিচিমিত পশি প্ৰাণক ৰাখিলা॥ চুটিয়াৰ ৰাজাক মাৰিয়া ছলে বলে। লৈলা সেহি ৰাজ্যক অসমে কৌতূহলে॥ ৩৭১</poem> * ১৫২৬ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া চুতীয়া সকলে প্ৰথম বিদ্ৰোহ ১৫২৬ চনৰ ফাগুন মাহত ৰাজধানী শদিয়াত ঘোষণা কৰিছিল, অৰ্থাৎ ৰাজ্য পতনৰ ৩ বছৰৰ পাছত। বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ আৰু ফ্ৰাচেংমুং বৰগোহাঁইক সহযোগ কৰিবলৈ দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁইক পঠিওৱা হৈছিল। যুদ্ধত বিদ্ৰোহী সকলৰ হাতত ফ্ৰাচেংমুং বৰগোহাঁইৰ হাতী প্লাইপাম আৰু দিহিঙীয়া গোহাঁই মৰা পৰিছিল। কিন্তু শেষ পৰ্যায়ত বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হৈ উভতি যাবলৈ বাধ্য হ'ল। এই বিদ্ৰোহৰ ফলত চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই বহুতো প্ৰশাসনীয় পৰিবৰ্তন কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হৈছিল। ১৫২৭ চনৰ জেঠ মাহত, ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলত নতুন এখন প্ৰদেশ গঠন কৰি তাত চাওলুং চুলিঙক শাসনকৰ্তা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হৈছিল, যাতে শদিয়া অঞ্চলত পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ হ'লে ডিব্ৰু প্ৰদেশৰ সেনাই শদিয়া বাহিনীৰ সহযোগ কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও কিংলুন বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক "থাও-মুঙ-বঙেন" পাতি পশ্চিম শদিয়া অঞ্চলত (তিনিচুকীয়াৰ সোণাৰিৰ(কাংখাম) পৰা লুহিত নদীৰ গুৰি লৈকে) শাসন কৰিবলৈ দিয়া হ'ল। * ১৫২৯ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া প্ৰথম বিদ্ৰোহৰ দুবছৰ পাছতে ১৫২৯ চনৰ পুহ মাহত শদিয়াৰ চুতীয়া সকলে আকৌ মুৰ দাঙি উঠিলে। এইবাৰ চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই ফ্ৰাচেংমুঙক সহযোগ কৰিবলৈ চাও চুক্লান (তিপামৰ পৰা) আৰু কিংলুনক সহযোগ কৰিবলৈ চাওলুং চুলিঙক (ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ পৰা) পঠিয়ালে। ইয়াৰ পাছত চুহুংমুঙে চুক্লেংমুঙ ৰাজকোঁৱৰক ৰাজধানীত ৰাখি সকলো বিষয়ববীয়াৰ সৈতে নিজে শদিয়া আহি উপস্থিত হয়। লুহিতৰ পাৰত, ডিবাং নৈৰ পাৰত, মাৰানকাও, চন্দনগিৰি পৰ্বত, দৈথাং পৰ্বত, ইত্যাদি বিভিন্ন ঠাইত কেইবাখনো যুদ্ধ হয়। প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ত বিদ্ৰোহী সকলে চাও চুলিঙক ধৰি নিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল কিন্তু পাছৰ পৰ্যায়ত এৰি দিলে। বহু মাহ যুদ্ধ লগা পাছত শেষত বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হ'ল। যুদ্ধত লাভ কৰা সকলো ধন আৰু সম্পত্তি ৰজা আৰু মন্ত্ৰী সকলে নিজৰ মাজতে ভাগ কৰি ল'লে আৰু ৰজাই বৰগোহাঁই আৰু বুঢ়াগোহাঁইক শদিয়াত ৰাখি নিজে ৰাজধানী লৈ ঘূৰি গ'ল। * ১৫৪২ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, দিচাং নৈৰ পাৰত চুতীয়া সকলে পুনৰ বাৰ ১৫৪২ চনত ৰজা চুক্লেংমুঙৰ দিনত বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰে কৰিছিল। এইবাৰ ১৫৪২ চনৰ বহাগ মাহত ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে শিৱসাগৰৰ দিচাং নৈৰ ওচৰত আহোম মন্ত্ৰী চেং-হাননক পৰাস্ত কৰি স্বৰাজ ঘোষণা কৰে। কিন্তু ইয়াৰ পাছতে চুক্লেংমুঙে চাওলুং তিমাক বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ পঠিয়াই আৰু দুবছৰ লৈকে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চল ধ্বংস কৰে যাতে কোনো চুতীয়া সকলে পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ কৰিবলৈ সাহস নকৰে। * ১৫৫০ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া ১৫৫০ চনত শদিয়াখোৱা গোহাঁইৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত, কংসপাত্ৰ নামৰ চুতীয়া নায়ক এজনে শদিয়াত বিদ্ৰোহ কৰি নিজকে ৰজা বুলি ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ বহুতো ৰাজকোঁৱৰে তেওঁক সহযোগ কৰিছিল আৰু শদিয়াত উপস্থিত হৈ আহোম ৰজাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ কৰিবলৈ সাজু হৈছিল। এই যুদ্ধ ৩ বছৰ লৈকে চলিছিল আৰু শেষত কংসপাত্ৰৰ লগতে বহুতো চুতীয়াই মৃত্যু বৰণ কৰিছিল। ৰাজকোঁৱৰ সকলৰ ভিতৰত কিছুমানৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল আৰু বাকী থকা সকলক বন্দী বনাই পাছলৈ চাৰিঙত থাকিবলৈ দিয়া হৈছিল। * ১৫৬৫ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, নামৰূপ আৰু খেৰাম ১৫৬৫ চনৰ মাঘ মাহত ডিব্ৰুগড় অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰি নামৰূপ আৰু খেৰাম(বৰ্তমান ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰৰ খেৰেমীয়া) অঞ্চলৰ আহোম গাঁও সমূহ আক্ৰমণ কৰি লুণ্ঠন কৰিছিল। ৰজাই বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ চাওলুং তিপামক পঠিয়াইছিল। বিদ্ৰোহী সকলৰ লগত হোৱা যুদ্ধত চাওলুং তিমাৰ হাতী আহত হৈছিল যাৰ বাবে তেওঁ যুদ্ধ এৰি দিহিং পাৰ হৈ উভতি আহে। ইয়াৰ পাছত বিদ্ৰোহৰ কি পৰিণতি হ'ল গম পোৱা নাযায়। সম্ভৱতঃ পাছলৈ বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰা হৈছিল। * ১৫৭২ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, শদিয়া ১৫৭২ চনত পুনৰ বাব চুতীয়া সেনাপতি এজনৰ নেতৃত্বত শদিয়া অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে মুৰ দাঙি উঠে। বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ চাওলুং চাৰিং, চাওফ্ৰাংমুঙ বৰগোহাঁই, শদিয়া খোৱা গোঁহাই, ইত্যাদি বহুতো বিষয়ববীয়াক পঠিওৱা হৈছিল। আহোম সেনাৰ তুলনাত বিদ্ৰোহী সকলৰ সংখ্যা কম থকাৰ বাবে বিদ্ৰোহী সকল কানচাই আৰু পুখুৰীখনা নামৰ অঞ্চল লৈ আতঁৰি আহিছিল আৰু সেই অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলৰ সহযোগত পুনৰ ৰণ কৰিছিল। কিন্তু দুৰ্ভাগ্যবশতঃ বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হৈছিল। চুতীয়া সেনাপতি, কানচাইৰ মুখিয়াল আৰু অন্য বহুতো চুতীয়া সৈন্যক বন্দী বনাই ৰাজধানী লৈ লয় অনা হৈছিল। * ১৬৬৫ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, উত্তৰ পাৰ ১৬৬৫ চনত আহোম সেনা নগা সকলৰ লগত হোৱা যুদ্ধত ব্যস্ত আছিল। এই সুযোগ লয়, উত্তৰ পাৰৰ লখিমপুৰৰ এখিনি চুতীয়া লোকে মিৰি আৰু দফলা লোকৰ লগত মিলি বিদ্ৰোহ কৰিছিল। কিন্তু বিদ্ৰোহ সফল নহ'ল। * ১৬৭৩ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, উত্তৰ পাৰ ১৬৭৩ চনত ধেমাজি অঞ্চলৰ চুতীয়া সকলে বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰি ৰূপা(বৰ্তমানৰ ৰূপহী) আৰু ডিমৌ(বৰ্তমানৰ ধেমাজিৰ ডিমৌ) মিৰি সকলে আহোম ৰজাক কৰ হিচাপে দিয়া মাৰ নাও তোলাই লৈ গৈছিল। এই কথা শুনি আহোম ৰজাই চুতীয়া অঞ্চললৈ কটকী পঠিয়াই নাও সমূহ ঘূৰাই দিবলৈ আদেশ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু চুতীয়া সকলে আদেশ নামানিলে। ইয়াৰ পাছত সকলো চুতীয়া দেউলীয়া নামৰ গাঁৱ এখনত একগোট হৈছিল। কটকীৰ খবৰ পাই আহোম ৰজাই তিনিমুখিয়া অঞ্চলত থকা নাৰাই নামৰ চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহী নেতা জনক ধৰি আনিবলৈ সৈনিক পঠিয়ালে। ইয়াৰ পাছত ৰজাই শদিয়াখোৱা গোঁহাই আৰু মৰঙ্গীখোৱা গোহাঁইক চেঁচামুখত গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰি যুদ্ধৰ বাবে সাজু হ'বলৈ আদেশ দিলে। দিহিং নদীৰ পাৰত আন এটা গড় নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হ'ল। তাৰ পাছত আহোম সেনাই দিহিং পাৰ হৈ মাজুলী হৈ চুতীয়া গাঁৱলৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহিল। চুতীয়া সকলেও হাতত ধেনু-কাড় লয় দেউলীয়া গাঁৱৰ পৰা মিৰি গাঁৱ এখনলৈ আগ বাঢ়ি আহিলে। আহোম ৰজাই পুনৰ চুতীয়া সকলৰ ওচৰলৈ কটকী পঠিয়াইলে। চুতীয়া বৰুৱা জনে অৱশেষত বশ্যতা স্বীকাৰ কৰিলে, কিন্তু নিজৰ গৰু-ছাগলী, হাঁহ-কুকুৰ, ইত্যাদি সকলো হেৰুৱালে। নাৰাই আৰু অন্য চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহী নেতা সকলক মদ্যপান কৰোৱাই পুনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ নকৰিবলৈ প্ৰতিজ্ঞা কৰালে। সবল আৰু শক্তিশালী চুতীয়া সৈনিক সকলৰ বন্দী বনোৱা হ'ল আৰু অন্য চুতীয়া সকলক প্ৰতি বছৰে কৰ হিচাপে নাও দিবলৈ আদেশ দিয়া হ'ল। * ১৭৬৯-১৮০৫ চনৰ মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহ মায়ামৰা ধৰ্মীয় চুতীয়া সকলে ১৭৬৯ চনত আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰি ১৭৯১ লৈকে বেংমৰা নামৰ পৃথক ৰাজ্য এখন গঠন কৰিছিল। মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহত ভাগ লোৱা জনগোষ্ঠী সমূহৰ মাজত দ্বিতীয় সৰ্বাধিক লোক চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠীৰ আছিল। বেংমৰা ৰাজ্যৰ ৰজা সৰ্বানন্দ সিংহ বীৰপালৰ বংশৰ বুৰুক চুতীয়া ৰাজপৰিয়ালৰ লোক আছিল। হয়তো ১৫২৫ চনত ৰাজ্য হেৰুৱা চুতীয়া ৰাজপৰিয়াল টোৱে সৰুকৈ হ'লেও পুনৰ বাৰ ৰাজ্য ৰাজত্ব কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। * ১৭৭৫ চনৰ বিদ্ৰোহ, ডিব্ৰু-দিহিং অঞ্চল মায়ামৰা বিদ্ৰোহ হৈ থাকোঁতে ডিব্ৰু-দিহিংৰ মাজৰ অঞ্চলৰ একাংশ চুতীয়াই বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। টাই ভাষাৰ "আহোম বুৰঞ্জী" নামৰ গ্ৰন্থত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ সীমান্ত অঞ্চলৰ খামজাং প্ৰদেশৰ পৰা নঙাখাম নামৰ নৰা মুখিয়ালৰ লগত ধৰা সকলে আহি বিদ্ৰোহ ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। এই বিদ্ৰোহত চুতীয়া সকলে নৰা সকলক সহযোগ কৰিছিল। নৰা মুখিয়াল জনে ১৭৭৫ চনত চুতীয়া সকলৰ সহযোগত হাটখোৱা গোহাঁইক পৰাস্ত কৰি নিজকে ডিব্ৰু নৈৰ কাষৰ অঞ্চলৰ ৰজা বুলি ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। ৰজা হৈ নঙাখামে চুতীয়া আৰু বাৰেচিৰিঙীয়া সকলৰ মাজৰ পৰাই ফুকন আৰু বৰুৱা নিযুক্ত কৰিছিল। আহোম ৰজাই নঙাখাম আৰু চুতীয়া সকলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বুঢ়াগোহাঁইৰ নেতৃত্বত ৪০ হাজাৰ সৈন্য পঠিয়াইছিল। সেনা সকলে আহি ৰঙাগড়াত(বৰ্তমানৰ ডিব্ৰু-চৈখোৱাৰ দক্ষিণত) উপস্থিত হৈছিল। ইয়াত পাছত তেজী আৰু দিহিং নৈৰ পাৰত যুদ্ধ হৈছিল। বিদ্ৰোহী সকল পৰাজিত হৈ আতৰি গৈছিল। নৰা সকলে পূৰ্বৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলত আশ্ৰয় লয় আৰু চুতীয়া সকলে ধূনাগুৰি নামৰ ঠাই এদখৰত আশ্ৰয় লয়। বহুতো চুতীয়া, বাৰেচিৰিং আৰু নৰা বিদ্ৰোহীক ৰাজধানী ৰংপুৰলৈ লয় অনা হয়। তাৰে কিছুমানক মৃত্যু দণ্ড দিয়া হৈছিল আৰু আন সকলক বন্দী হিচাপে ৰখা হৈছিল।<ref>Barua, G.C, "Ahom Buranji, p. 331-333</ref> ==অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰভাব== ==আৰু চাওক== * [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী]] * [[সতী সাধনী]] ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} * {{cite book | last = Gait | first = Edward | title = A History of Assam | publisher = Thacker, Spink & Co. | date = 1906 | location = Calcutta | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=w-6kr1IyHJkC}} *{{Cite journal|last=Neog|first=Maheswar|title=Light on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries|date=1977|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|volume=58/59|pages=813–820|jstor=41691751|issn=0378-1143}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{অসম বুৰঞ্জী}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ইতিহাস]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ সাম্ৰাজ্য আৰু ৰাজ্য]] fpskq4ffbmcypk48rgoi5mdxokjn0hp 10 26901 608639 274772 2026-05-25T15:19:56Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = অসমৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী | title = [[অসমৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰীসকলৰ তালিকা|অসমৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | listclass = hlist | list1 = * [[গোপীনাথ বৰদলৈ]], * [[বিষ্ণুৰাম মেধি]], * [[বিমলা প্ৰসাদ চলিহা]], * [[মহেন্দ্ৰ মোহন চৌধুৰী]], * [[শৰৎ চন্দ্ৰ সিংহ]], * [[গোলাপ বৰবৰা]], * [[যোগেন্দ্ৰ নাথ হাজৰিকা]], * [[চৈয়দা আনোৱাৰা টাইমূৰ]], * [[কেশৱ চন্দ্ৰ গগৈ]], * [[হিতেশ্বৰ শইকীয়া]], * [[প্ৰফুল্ল কুমাৰ মহন্ত]], * [[হিতেশ্বৰ শইকীয়া]], * [[ভূমিধৰ বৰ্মন]], * [[প্ৰফুল্ল কুমাৰ মহন্ত]], * [[তৰুণ গগৈ]], * [[তৰুণ গগৈ]], * [[তৰুণ গগৈ]], * [[সৰ্বানন্দ সোণোৱাল]], * [[হিমন্ত বিশ্ব শৰ্মা]], * [[হিমন্ত বিশ্ব শৰ্মা]] }}<noinclude> {{documentation|content={{Collapsible option}}{{Squad maintenance}}}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ সাঁচ]] </noinclude> 0xpq4ffky8wpbuiyncpk3k3u8p3ht66 0 36752 608743 572378 2026-05-26T04:21:13Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''জিজিয়া''' ({{lang-ar|جزية}} {{IPA-ar|dʒizja|IPA}}) হ'ল ইছলামিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰত ইছলামিক আইনেৰে অনুকূলভাৱে স্থায়ীভাবে বসবাস কৰা অমুছলিমসকলৰজন প্ৰতি বছৰেকীয়া ধাৰ্যকৃত কৰ।<ref name=Abdel-Haleem2010>{{cite book|last1=Abdel-Haleem|first1=Muhammad|authorlink=Muhammad Abdel-Haleem|title=Understanding the Qur'ān: Themes and Style|date=2010|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris|I. B. Tauris & Co Ltd]]|isbn=978-1845117894|pages=70, 79}}</ref>{{sfn|Abou Al-Fadl|2002|p=21}}<ref>[http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1206 ''Jizyah''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908213953/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1206 |date=2015-09-08 }} The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (2010), [[Oxford University Press]]</ref> মুছলিম ফকীহসকলৰ অভিমত এই যে অমুছলিম সকলৰ মাজত সেইসকল প্ৰাপ্তবয়স্ক, স্বাধীন, বিবেকী পুৰুষ হ'ব লাগিব।<ref name="Hilmi1">{{Cite book|authorlink=Hilmi M. Zawati|title=Is Jihād a Just War?: War, Peace, and Human Rights Under Islamic and Public International Law ''(Studies in religion & society)''|last=M. Zawati|first=Hilmi|publisher=[[Edwin Mellen Press]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0773473041|pages=63–4}}</ref> কিন্তু [[মহিলা]], [[শিশু]], [[বয়স্ক]], [[বিকলাঙ্গ]] বা প্ৰতিবন্ধী, অসুস্থ, [[উন্মাদ]], [[সন্ন্যাসী]], দাস সকলক নিস্কৃতি দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="waelhallaq">{{cite book|last1=Wael|first1=B. Hallaq|authorlink=Wael B. Hallaq|title=Sharī'a: Theory, Practice and Transformations|date=2009|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-86147-2|pages=332–3}}</ref>{{sfn|Ellethy|2014|p=181}}<ref name="Islamic Law 1250">{{cite journal|last1=Alshech|first1=Eli|title=Islamic Law, Practice, and Legal Doctrine: Exempting the Poor from the ''Jizya'' under the Ayyubids (1171-1250)|date=2003|journal=Islamic Law and Society|volume=10|issue=3}}</ref><ref name="Disability in Islamic law">{{cite book|last1=Rispler-Chaim|first1=Vardit|title=Disability in Islamic law|date=2007|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht, the Netherlands|isbn=1402050526|page=44}}</ref><ref>[[Majid Khadduri]], ''War and Peace in the Law of Islam'', pp. 192-3.</ref> ওচৰা-ওচৰি মুছতামিনছ —অমুছলিম বিদেশী, যিজন অস্থায়ীভাৱে মুছলিম দেশত আশ্ৰয় লয়<ref name="waelhallaq"/><ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1 = Mirza|first1 = editor, Gerhard Bowering; associate editors, Patricia Crone ... [et al.]; assistant editor, Mahan|title = The Princeton encyclopedia of Islamic political thought|date = 2013|publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]|location = Princeton, N.J.|isbn = 0691134847|page = 283.}}</ref> আৰু যিজন অমুছলিমে সামৰিক বাহিনীত যোগদান কৰিব বিছাৰে<ref>Abdel Haleem 2010, (Ellethy/2014/p=181)</ref><ref> "Mapel,Nardin"; Mapel, D.R. and Nardin, T., eds. (1999), ''International Society: Diverse Ethical Perspectives'', p. 231. [[Princeton University Press]]. ISBN 9780691049724</ref><ref>"ArnoldPoI", Shah/2008/pp=19–20)</ref> আৰু যদি সিহঁত দিবলৈ অসমৰ্থ তেতিয়াহ'লে সিহঁতক এই কৰৰ পৰা নিস্কৃতি দিয়া হৈছে{{sfn|Ellethy|2014|p=181}}{{sfn|Ghazi|Kalin|Kamali|2013|pp=240–1}}{{sfn|Abdel-Haleem|2012|pp=75–6, 77}} [[হাদিছ|হাদিছো]] জিজিয়া কৰ সম্পৰ্কে উল্লেখ আছে, কিন্তু পৰিমাণ উল্লেখ নাই।<ref name=asabet>Sabet, Amr (2006), ''The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences'' 24:4, Oxford; pp. 99–100.</ref> যিয়েই নহওক ফকীহষকল এই বিষয়ে একমত যে পূৰ্বে মুছলিম শাসকসকলে যেনেকৈ [[বাইজেণ্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্য|বাইজেণ্টাইন ]] আৰু [[ছাছানীয় সাম্ৰাজ্য|ছাছানীয়]] সাম্ৰাজ্যত এইটো আদায় কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0"/>{{sfn|Bravmann|2009|pp=199–201, 204–5, 207–12}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mohammad|first1=Gharipour|title=Sacred Precincts: The Religious Architecture of Non-Muslim Communities Across the Islamic World|date=2014|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|BRILL]]|isbn=9004280227|page=XV}}</ref>{{sfn|Shah|2008|p=20}}<ref name="ArnoldPoI2">{{cite book | first=Thomas | last=Walker Arnold | authorlink=Thomas Walker Arnold | publisher=[[Constable & Robinson|Constable & Robinson Ltd]] | date=1913 | title=Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith | url=https://archive.org/details/preachingofislam00arno | page=59 ff |)}} ([https://archive.org/stream/preachingofislam00arno#page/59/mode/1up online])</ref> ইছলামিক ইতিহাসত ইয়াৰ প্ৰয়োগ বিভিন্ন ৰকম দেখা যায়। বহুত সময়ত জিজিয়াক [[খাৰাজ]] ৰ সৈতে সাধাৰণ কৰ হিচাপেও আদায় কৰা হৈছে<ref name=mmp109134>{{cite book | last=Morony | first=Michael | title=Iraq after the Muslim conquest | publisher=Gorgias Press | location=NJ, USA | year=2005 | isbn=978-1-59333-315-7 | pages=109, 99–134}}</ref><ref name=rlp310311>{{cite book | last=Levy | first=Reuben | title=The social structure of Islam | publisher=Routledge | location=London New York | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-415-20910-6 | pages=310–1}}</ref><ref name=scp322>Satish Chandra (1969), [http://www.jstor.org/stable/3596130 Jizyah and the State in India during the 17th Century], Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 322–40, quote="Although ''kharaj'' and ''jizyah'' were sometimes treated as synonyms, a number of fourteenth century theological tracts treat them as separate"</ref> আৰু ইছলামিক ৰাজনীতিত ৰাজস্ব আদায়ৰ প্ৰধান উৎস আছিল।<ref name=opp287>{{cite book | last= Oded Peri| last2=Gilbar (Ed) | first2=Gad | title=Ottoman Palestine, 1800-1914 : Studies in economic and social history | publisher=E.J. Brill | location=Leiden | year=1990 | isbn=978-90-04-07785-0 | pages=287 | quote=the ''jizya'' was one of the main sources of revenue accruing to the Ottoman state treasury as a whole.}}</ref> জিজিয়া কৰ কৰ দাতাৰ সামৰ্থ অনুসৰি বছৰেকীয়াভাবে নিৰ্ধাৰিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book|first1=Shawkiy|last1=Abu Khalil|authorlink=Shawkiy Abu Khalil|language=ar|date=2006|title=al-Islām fī Qafaṣ al-ʾIttihām|script-title=''الإسلام في قفص ''الإتهام|url=https://archive.org/stream/b38982/93872#page/n0/mode/2up|page=149|publisher=Dār al-Fikr|isbn=1575470047}} ([https://archive.org/stream/b38982/93872#page/n147/mode/2up online])</ref> বিভিন্ন সময় স্থান,কাল ইত্যাদিৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ভিন্ন সময়ত ধাৰ্যকৃত কৰৰ পৰিমাণ ভিন্ন হৈছে<ref name=Hamilton-1957>[[Charles Hamilton (orientalist)|Charles Hamilton]] (1957), [https://archive.org/stream/hedayaorguide029357mbp#page/n5/mode/2up Hedaya], Lahore</ref><ref name=Abdel-Haleem2010/>{{sfn|Ghazi|Kalin|Kamali|2013| pp=82–3}}<ref>The French scholar Gustave Le Bon writes "that despite the fact that the incidence of taxation fell more heavily on a Muslim than a non-Muslim, the non-Muslim was free to enjoy equally well with every Muslim all the privileges afforded to the citizens of the state." Mun'im Sirry (2014), ''Scriptural Polemics: The Qur'an and Other Religions'', p. 179. [[Oxford University Press]]. ISBN 978-0199359363.</ref><ref name="AbuZahra">{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/abouzohra/tafsir|title=Zahrat al-Tafāsīr|publisher=Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī|location=[[Cairo]]|pages=3277–8|first1=Muhammad|last1=Abu Zahra|authorlink=Muhammad Abu Zahra|script-title=''زهرة التفاسير''|language=ar}} </ref> এই প্ৰসংগত [[কোৰআন]]ৰ ছুৰা তওবা’ৰ ২৯ নং আয়াতত কোৱা হৈছে, “যিসকলৰ ওপৰত কিতাপ (কোৰআন) অবতীৰ্ণ হৈছে সিহঁতৰ মাজত যিসকলে আল্লাহক বিশ্বাস নকৰে আৰু [[কিয়ামত|পৰকালতো]] নহয়, আৰু আল্লাহ ও তেওঁৰ [[ৰাছুল|ৰাছুলে]] যিবোৰ [[হাৰাম]] কৰিছে সেয়া হাৰাম নাভাবে আৰু সত্যধৰ্ম অনুসৰণ নকৰে, সিহঁতৰ সৈতে যুদ্ধ কৰিবা যেতিয়ালৈকে সিহঁতে বশ্যতা স্বীকাৰ কৰে: আনুগত্যৰ নিদৰ্শন স্বৰূপ স্বেচ্ছায় জিজিয়া দিয়ে”।<ref>{{Cite web |title=তাফছিৰ |url=http://www.quranandtafsir.com/sura/9-taubah?start=3 |access-date=2017-03-05 |archivedate=2015-09-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923104110/http://www.quranandtafsir.com/sura/9-taubah?start=3 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref> quran-usc-9/29, {{cite book|author=Nasr, Seyyed Hossein; Dagli, Caner K.; Dakake, Maria Massi; Lumbard, Joseph E.B.; Rustom, Mohammed|title=The Study Quran: A New Translation and Commentary|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2015}}</ref> ওছমানীয় তুৰস্কত ১৯ শতকৰ মধ্যভাগ লৈকে জিজিয়া বলবৎ আছিল। মুছলিম সকলক বাধ্যতামূলকভাবে সামৰিক বিভাগত যোগদান হ'ব লগা হৈছিল আৰু তাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে অমুছলিম সকলৰ ওপৰত এটা কৰ ধাৰ্য কৰা হয়। কিন্তু সকলো ধৰ্মৰ নাগৰিক সকলৰ বাবে বাধ্যতামূলক সামৰিক কৰ্ম প্ৰবৰ্তিত হোৱাৰ পাছত এই কৰৰো বিলোপ হয়। মধ্য যুগত পৃথিৱীৰ অন্যান্য মুছলিম শাসিত দেশতো অমুছলিম সকলৰ ওপৰত জিজিয়া কৰ ধাৰ্য কৰা হয়। ভাৰতত [[আকবৰ|আকবৰে]] এইটো ৰহিত কৰিছিল, কিন্তু সম্ৰাট [[ঔৰঙ্গজেৱ]]ৰ আমলত এইটো পুনঃপ্ৰবৰ্তিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ইহুদি-খ্ৰীষ্টানৰ বাবেও আৰৱ ভূমিৰ অধিকাৰ সঙ্কুচিত কৰাৰ নিৰ্দেশ |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/print_edition/print_news.php?pub_no=771&cat_id=1&menu_id=23&news_type_id=1&index=2 |access-date=2017-03-05 |archivedate=2023-10-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005045348/https://www.kalerkantho.com/print_edition/print_news.php?pub_no=771&cat_id=1&menu_id=23&news_type_id=1&index=2 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.amardeshonline.com/pages/details/2014/04/25/242174#.U3DtkD2Sz2g হজৰত উমৰ ইবনে আব্দুল আজিজ ৰহঃ]</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট|30em}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইছলাম ধৰ্ম]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:পোখালি (ইতিহাস)]] bknnt73qyp9ekjkzakcsm7grws2bfva 0 36914 608806 606693 2026-05-26T08:31:13Z CommonsDelinker 118 Removing [[:c:File:Harhi_Dewalaloi_Dhakuakhana.jpg|Harhi_Dewalaloi_Dhakuakhana.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Non-free image uploaded by mistake. 608806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox Mandir |name = হাৰ্হি দেৱালয় |image = |image_size = 250px |image_alt = |caption = |pushpin_map = |map_caption = |map_size = 250 |country = ভাৰত |state/province = [[অসম]] |district = [[লখিমপুৰ জিলা]] |locale = |primary_deity =কেঁচাইখাটি গোসাঁনী |important_festivals = |inscriptions = |date_built = |creator = }} '''হাৰ্হি দেৱালয়''' [[অসম]]ৰ [[লখিমপুৰ জিলা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত [[ঢকুৱাখানা]] চহৰৰ পৰা প্ৰায় চাৰি কিঃমিঃ উত্তৰ-পূবে হাৰ্হি নদীৰ পাৰত অৱস্থিত এক দেৱালয়। ঢকুৱাখানত প্ৰচলিত জনশ্ৰুতি অনুসৰি হাৰ্হি শব্দটো পূৰ্বে ''সাৰ্হি'' আছিল। এই অঞ্চলৰ লোকে ‘‘সাৰ্হি’’ শব্দটো জাগ্ৰত অৰ্থত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে৷ গতিকে পীঠখনিৰ মূল অৰ্থটো হ’ব- "জাগ্ৰত দেৱালয়"। == ইতিহাস == এই দেৱালয় খনিৰ অধিস্থাত্ৰী দেৱীগৰাকীয়েই হৈছে পূৰ্বৰ [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী|চুতীয়াসকলৰ]] আৰাধ্য দেৱী সদিয়া (শদিয়া)ৰ বিখ্যাত তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী মন্দিৰৰ কেঁচাইখাটি গোসাঁনী বা দেৱী দিক্কৰবাসিনী। আহোম-চুতীয়াৰ শেষ ৰণত চুতীয়াসকল পৰাস্ত হোৱাত দেৱালয়ৰ নিৰাপত্তা তথা দেৱী বিগ্ৰহৰ লগতে দেৱালয়ত থকা [[শিৱ]], দূৰ্গা, গঙ্গা, মনসা, [[গণেশ]] আদিৰ শিলামূৰ্তি আৰু বলিকটা দা, পূজাৰ বিভিন্ন সামগ্ৰীৰ লগতে দেৱালয়ৰ লগত জড়িত বিভিন্ন বৃত্তিধাৰী মানুহকো লগত লৈ লুইতেদি ভটিয়াই [[চুতীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী|চুতীয়া]] অধ্যুষিত হাবুং (বৰ্তমানৰ ঢকুৱাখানা) অঞ্চল পায় আৰু তাতে বিগ্ৰহাদি স্থাপন কৰি নিয়মিত পূজা পাতল কৰিবলৈ লয়। অৱশ্যে পিছৰ পৰ্যায়ত দেৱালয়খনে আহোম স্বৰ্গদেউসকলৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা লাভ কৰিছিল বুলি জনা যায়। শিৱসিংহ আৰু লক্ষ্মীসিংহ ৰজাই দেৱালয়খনিলৈ মাটি, বহু পৰিমাণৰ সম্পত্তি আৰু দেৱ-দেৱীৰ মূৰ্তি প্ৰদান কৰিছিল বুলি জনা যায়৷ সেইবোৰ এতিয়াও দেৱালয়খনত বিৰাজমান। এই দেৱালয়ত থকা উল্লেখযোগ্য সামগ্ৰীবোৰৰ ভিতৰত ১০ৰ পৰা ১২ কিল’গ্ৰাম পৰ্যন্ত ওজনৰ তেৰখন বলিকটা দা, সাঁচিপাতৰ এখন কীৰ্তনপুথি, শালগ্ৰাম মন্ত্ৰপুথি, কেঁকোৰা দোলা, বিভিন্ন বাদ্য-যন্ত্ৰ ইত্যাদি প্ৰধান। এই দেৱালয়খনিত পূৰ্বতে নৰবলি দিয়াৰ প্ৰথা আছিল বুলি জনা যায়৷ [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ধৰ্মীয় স্থান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ঢকুৱাখনা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দুধৰ্মৰ মঠ-মন্দিৰ]] rbpwzpydjwhravs84aez8h68mjcofsp 3 40580 608731 607174 2026-05-25T21:52:58Z MediaWiki message delivery 8079 /* Tech News: 2026-22 */ নতুন অনুচ্ছেদ 608731 wikitext text/x-wiki == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/37|Tech News: 2015-37]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W37"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now mention up to 50 users in a post and they will get a notification. Previously you could notify up to 20 users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110306] * A new version of the [[:m:mw:Wikidata Toolkit|Wikidata Toolkit]] has been released. It now has Wikibase API support. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-September/006999.html] * You can now use Wikidata to find all good or featured articles in a Wikipedia version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72209] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with [http://tools.wmflabs.org/ Tool Labs] due to [[:w:en:Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] issues. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110827] * The Content Translation tool published some pages with the same reference repeated several times. This has been fixed. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/03/september-3-update-fixed-duplicated-references-issues-with-norwegian-and-publishing-errors/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110007] '''Changes this week''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/wmf22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 8. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 9. It will be on all Wikipedias from September 10 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The maximum character length when you search for something on the Wikimedia wikis is now 300 characters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107947] * The notifications list has been split into two lists. As a first step, notifications about messages on your user talk page will be placed in the second list. Feedback is requested at [[mw:Topic:Sobaaiky57zs7py7|the Echo talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108190][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108760] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=08&month=09&year=2015 September 8 at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * You can join the Wikitech ambassadors mailing list. The list is for Wikimedians interested in spreading information about Wikimedia technology news. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors See how to join]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia mailing lists will be moved to a new server and the software will be upgraded. This will happen on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=09&month=09&year=2015 September 9 at 14:00 (UTC)]. The mailing lists will not be working during the move. It can take up to four hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110133] * Wikidata will soon be able to store measurements, such as a mountain's height or the distance between two places. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T77977][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-August/006982.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/37|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W37"/> 17:29, 7 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13509330 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/38|Tech News: 2015-38]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *You can now use the [[mw:Wikidata query service|Wikidata query service]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-September/007042.html] *Belarusian-Taraškievica Wikipedia was moved from be-x-old.wikipedia.org to be-tarask.wikipedia.org. This caused some issues, but most of them were resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T11823] *Language preferences might not be changed immediately when you adjust them. Language selection might work slower. Please [[:mw:How to report a bug|report any problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T92357][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T46649] '''Problems''' *There was a problem when editing [[:w:en:International Standard Book Number|International Standard Book Numbers]] in Visual Editor. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63558] *The Wikimedia mailing lists should have been upgraded on September 9. It didn't work as planned and will now happen later. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-September/083162.html] '''Changes this week''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/wmf23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 15. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 16. It will be on all Wikipedias from September 17 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=15&month=09&year=2015 September 15 at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' *ContentTranslation will show more data on the Special:ContentTranslationStats page. For example, it will show translation trends and information about deleted translations. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/11/september-11-cx-update-fixes-in-broken-publishing-in-some-languages/] *The first version of the translation suggestions feature will be deployed soon. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/11/september-11-cx-update-fixes-in-broken-publishing-in-some-languages/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W38"/> 16:17, 14 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13595243 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/39|Tech News: 2015-39]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W39"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is now an experimental Wikimedia [https://maps.wikimedia.org maps service]. You can [[:mw:Talk:Maps|give feedback here]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-September/083277.html][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Maps] * Last week a few issues with UploadWizard were fixed. Before this was done, UploadWizard would stop you from uploading your files if something went wrong. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T42921][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T48741][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T61646][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T106968] * More Wikipedias can now use information from any Wikidata item in any Wikipedia article. Previously they could only use the Wikidata item that matched the subject of the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100788] * The VisualEditor welcome dialogue has been changed. The intention is to make it more helpful for new users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112354] '''Problems''' * Wikimedia Labs' [[:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS certificate]] expired for most of Tuesday 15 September. To reach Wikimedia Labs and Tool Labs securely you had to ignore your browser's security error message. There was no risk to data security during this time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112608] * Last week the notification system was split into two parts. This was temporarily undone because of a bug and performance concerns. It will return to two parts this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112552][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2015-September/001260.html] * UploadWizard couldn't upload files larger than 5 MB when using [[:m:commons:Commons:Chunked uploads|chunked uploads]]. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T111908] '''Changes this week''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/wmf24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 22. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 23. It will be on all Wikipedias from September 24 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The page move tool has been switched over to the new standard look for forms. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86865] * You can now choose whether to extend a link or not when editing one in VisualEditor. This means it is easier to choose how much of what you type before and after the link is part of it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91285] * Wikibooks can now use data from Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107999] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=09&year=2015 22 September at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * You can join a meeting with the Wikidata team. It will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=17&min=00&sec=0&day=23&month=09&year=2015 September 23 at 17:00 (UTC)]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-September/007052.html See how to join]. * You can register to the [[mw:Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016|Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016]] in San Francisco 4–6 January 2016. Gadget, template, bot, and tool developers are welcome as well. [[mw:Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016#Call for participation|Call for participation]] and travel sponsorship requests are open until 2 October. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/39|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W39"/> 18:29, 21 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13726015 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/40|Tech News: 2015-40]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *In UploadWizard, the dialog to see an image preview has been removed. You already see the images in the thumbnails when you upload them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112907] *UploadWizard dialogs look a bit different now. They have been updated to the new [[:mw:OOjs UI|OOUI]] look. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112117] *You can now edit music scores in VisualEditor. You can add new sheet music scores and get live updates when you edit one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112925] *When you send an e-mail to another editor using [[:mw:Extension:EmailUsers|Special:EmailUser]], that user will now get a notification on the wiki as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56130] *You can now see 500 images when you upload images from Flickr with UploadWizard. Before this change the limit was 50. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T44979] *The Wikimedia mailing lists have been upgraded. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110140] *MediaWiki developers spent a day looking at proposed code changes in [[:mw:Gerrit|Gerrit]]. The goal was to clean up the backlog and give feedback to volunteer developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T88531] '''Problems''' *Some visitors had problems reaching the Wikimedia sites for an hour on September 24. [http://status.wikimedia.org/8777/156486/Static-assets-(CSS/JS)][http://status.wikimedia.org/8777/163388/Wiki-platform-%5B%5Bw%3Afi%3AMain-Page%5D%5D-(s2)] '''Changes this week''' *The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/wmf1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 29. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 30. It will be on all Wikipedias from October 1 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new beta feature that allows editors to use Flow on their user talkpage if they want to. Each wiki [[mw:Flow/Request Flow on a page|can decide]] if they want to enable it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T98270] * The Content Translation tool can give translation suggestions. This feature will now be available in more languages: English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Turkish, Japanese, Italian, and Catalan. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/25/september-24-cx-update-suggestions-in-new-languages-fixes-in-statistics-and-link-adaptation-and-more/] '''Meetings''' *You can join the [[mw:Reading/Strategy/Strategy Process|strategy process]] of the [[mw:Reading|Reading department]] of Wikimedia Engineering. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-September/083316.html] *You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=29&month=09&year=2015 29 September at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation developers want the community to decide who can use [[:mw:Help:OAuth|OAuth]] in the future. You [[:m:Requests for comment/OAuth handover|can discuss it]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W40"/> 15:15, 28 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13829249 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/41|Tech News: 2015-41]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The link editor in the visual editor now shows results below the search box. This improves the usability on desktop and mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101169] *The description at [[Special:ChangeEmail]] now clearly explains that the page can also be used to remove your email. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T98799] '''Changes this week''' *The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from October 6. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from October 7. It will be on all Wikipedias from October 8 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/Roadmap|calendar]]). *UploadWizard will remind users to add a category. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51710] *UploadWizard's category selectors will be easier to use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112764] *A new [[mw:Help:Extension:Cite|Cite]] error will be shown if a named reference is defined more than once in the same article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85386] '''Meetings''' *You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=6&month=10&year=2015 6 October at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' *Wikidata requests your input on [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|how to improve the editing of Wikidata's data in other locations]], such as Wikipedias. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W41"/> 18:32, 5 October 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13953365 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/42|Tech News: 2015-42]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The database size lists have been updated. These control special page update frequency and which wikis use global abuse filters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T114613] '''Changes this week''' *The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from October 13. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from October 14. It will be on all Wikipedias from October 15 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/Roadmap|calendar]]). *You will be able to upload images to Wikimedia Commons using the visual editor. When the image is uploaded it will be added to the article you're editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40030] *Pages that show citation error messages will automatically be placed in a hidden category. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T104792] '''Meetings''' *You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=13&month=10&year=2015 13 October at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W42"/> 16:28, 12 October 2015 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=14074906 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/23|Tech News: 2018-23]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W23"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook skin]] has been optimised for mobile devices. It now looks different. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195625] * [[m:Planet Wikimedia|Planet Wikimedia]] collects blogs about Wikimedia. It will now use the [https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Rawdog Rawdog] [[w:en:News aggregator|feed aggregator]] to do this instead of [[w:en:Planet (software)|Planet]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T180498][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-May/090036.html] * Redirect links in [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] now link to the original page and not the target page. This was done earlier and changed the used messages on some pages. This was a problem for wikis that customized the message. A new change fixed this by using the old messages with one more parameter for customization. Wikis that already changed their customized messages will have to move the customization back again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T189860] '''Problems''' * You will not be able to edit some wikis between 06:00 and 06:30 UTC on 13 June. You can see if [[phab:T195487|your wiki is one of them]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] did not work 24–28 May. This is also why last week's Tech News was late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195500] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 June. It will be on all wikis from 7 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180605T1830 5 June at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180606T15 6 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta|beta]]. This is planned to happen in June or early July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181193][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/23|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W23"/> 21:54, 4 June 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18103288 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/24|Tech News: 2018-24]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W24"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|the Wikipedia app]] for Android or iOS users can create [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|reading lists]]. The reading lists can be seen on different devices if you are logged in to your account. There is now a browser extension so you can add pages to your reading list from a web browser. At the moment it works with Firefox and Chrome. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Reading_list_browser_extension] *[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]]. Pywikibot is a tool to automate tasks on MediaWiki wikis. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot/2018-June/009842.html] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook skin]] was changed to make it work better for mobile users. This caused some problems. The change was rolled back to fix them. The new version is now back on the wikis. MonoBook users can opt out from the new responsive design. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195625] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta|beta]]. For most wikis this will happen on 18 June. For the rest it will happen on 25 June. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181193][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 June. It will be on all wikis from 14 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * You can join the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Team|Readers Web team]] IRC office hour. There you can discuss tools to contribute on the mobile web for the existing MediaWiki skins. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180618T16 18 June at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC office hours|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180612T1830 12 June at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180613T15 13 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will be able to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical Wishes/Move files to Commons|move local wiki files to Commons]] and keep their original data intact. This is [[phab:T190716|planned to come]] to the first wikis in June. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/24|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W24"/> 21:55, 11 June 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18115892 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/25|Tech News: 2018-25]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W25"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Syntax highlighting|Syntax highlighting]] has been a beta feature on Wikimedia wikis with text written from left to right. It is now a normal feature. It is based on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185030] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180619T1830 19 June at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180620T15 20 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Some old web browsers will not be able to read the Wikimedia wikis. This is because they use an insecure way to connect to them. This means that we get less security for everyone else too. This affects about 0.08% of all traffic to the Wikimedia wikis. This affects for example those who read Wikipedia on a [[w:en:PlayStation 3|PlayStation 3]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147202][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196371] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta|beta]]. Because there is no new MediaWiki version this week it will happen on 25 June for most wikis. For the rest it will happen in early July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181193][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] All wikis that have not already done so will switch to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RemexHtml|Remex parsing library]] on 5 July. This is [[mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|to replace Tidy]]. You [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html can help] fix remaining errors. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Parsing/Replacing_Tidy/FAQ#What_will_editors_need_to_do.3F] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/25|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W25"/> 21:47, 18 June 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18136222 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/27|Tech News: 2018-27]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W27"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The database for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|tags]] will be changed. This will happen on 2 July on French Wikipedia and 9 July on all other wikis. Please [[phab:T185355|report]] if recent changes get slower or you can't save edits. This could especially affect editors who use the database on ToolForge. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata-tech/2018-June/001283.html] '''Problems''' * Last week's MediaWiki update was rolled back. This was because of a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198350] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180703T1830 3 July at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180704T15 4 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/27|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W27"/> 00:46, 3 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18169586 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/28|Tech News: 2018-28]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W28"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:WebM|WebM video files]] have smaller file size but still be of the same quality. Creating WebM files will take longer time. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VP9_transition] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta]]. This was supposed to already have happened but was delayed. For most wikis this will happen on 9 July. For the rest it will happen on 16 July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] All wikis now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RemexHtml|Remex parsing library]] instead of [[mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|Tidy]]. This could cause errors. You [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html can help] fix the errors. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Parsing/Replacing_Tidy/FAQ#What_will_editors_need_to_do.3F] '''Problems''' * When you rolled back an edit it could get both the <code>Rollback</code> and <code>Undo</code> tags. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190374] * Rollbacks from autopatrolled users were not marked as patrolled. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198449] '''Changes later this week''' * When you edit a link in the visual editor there will be two separate buttons to change which page the link goes to (target) or its text (label). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T55973][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T124305] * On the mobile version you can find a link to an editor's contributions from their user page. Now this will work even if they haven't created a user page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197581] * When you edit a discussion on the mobile version you sometimes get your signature automatically added. This will now not happen if you have already added a signature manually. This is to avoid double signatures. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192725] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions|Structured discussions]] toolbars will have more style options. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T109123#4400917] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] When you look at Wikimedia code in [[w:en:Gerrit (software)|Gerrit]] there will be a new interface. It is on by default for new users. This is also true for developers. This is to make it easier to understand what is happening. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196812] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 10 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 11 July. It will be on all wikis from 12 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180710T1830 10 July at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180711T15 11 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Today all administrators can edit [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] for the entire wiki. There will be a new user group for editing CSS and JavaScript. Administrators will no longer automatically be able to do this. This is because it is a security risk when all administrator accounts can edit JavaScript even if they never plan to or do not know how it works. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190015] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page previews]] will be on by default for new accounts. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-July/090297.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/28|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W28"/> 23:10, 9 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18194890 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/29|Tech News: 2018-29]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W29"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|global preferences]] on Wikimedia wikis. You can set them on the [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T16950] * You can now see a new log of pages being created at [[Special:Log/create|Special:Log/create]]. It includes pages which are later deleted. It is now available on all Wikimedia wikis except Commons and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12331] * You can see how many pageviews a wiki had from specific countries. The [https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/en.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal{{!}}map{{!}}2-Year~2016060100~2018071100{{!}}~total Wikistats2 maps] have now been updated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-July/090327.html] '''Changes later this week''' * Your watchlist will show changes from the last seven days instead of three. If you have already set a length preference it will not change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T194414] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from July 17. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from July 18. It will be on all wikis from July 19 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180717T1830 July 17 at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180718T15 July 18 at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Some articles have messages to readers about problems with the article. For example that it does not cite sources or might not be neutral. Readers do not see these messages on the mobile version. The developers now want to show them. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|read more and leave feedback]]. * You can use <code><nowiki><inputbox></nowiki></code> to create search boxes for specific pages. For example to search the archives of a community discussion page. Instead of <code><nowiki>prefix:Page name</nowiki></code> you will see a text that explains which pages are being searched. You can [[phab:T198318|read more and leave feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/29|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W29"/> 16:01, 16 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18215334 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/30|Tech News: 2018-30]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W30"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you log in to your account you can choose to keep being logged in. This checkbox now works better than before on the mobile version for users without JavaScript. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196947] * Wikis that use [[mw:Citoid|Citoid]] can automatically generate citations for Swedish news sites. This only works in the visual editor. This now works for [[w:en:Sveriges radio|Swedish public service radio]]. More will come. Others could use this to add news sites in other languages in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187023] * Editors can do max 90 edits per minute. This is new since last month. This does not affect bots or administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56515] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-24|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-25|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-26|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180725T15 {{#time:j xg|2018-07-25|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/30|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W30"/> 09:44, 24 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18233172 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/31|Tech News: 2018-31]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W31"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The design on [[Special:Log]] has changed. It will change again soon. Developers are working on fixing problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117737] '''Problems''' * Deployment of 1.32.0-wmf.13 has been partially delayed. All deployments have been resumed and successfully done after bug fixes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000577.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000585.html] * Deployment of 1.32.0-wmf.14 has been partially delayed. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000587.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000589.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-31|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2018-08-01|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2018-08-02|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180731T1830 {{#time:j xg|2018-07-31|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180801T15 {{#time:j xg|2018-08-01|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)] as well as at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180801T23 23:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * After [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|a community discussion]], a new group for users will be created. "[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|Interface administrators]]" will be the only users allowed to edit interface pages like [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or [[MediaWiki:Common.js]]. This is done to avoid technical issues and improve security. That change will be effective by the end of August 2018. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/31|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W31"/> 14:05, 30 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18237696 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/32|Tech News: 2018-32]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W32"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[Special:NewPages|Special:NewPages]] now has the [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117739] '''Problems''' * The MediaWiki version that was released two weeks ago was late to some Wikimedia wikis. This was because of bugs. It was on all wikis 30 July. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20180724-Train][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000591.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 August. It will be on all wikis from 9 August. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180807T1830 7 August at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180808T15 8 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/32|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W32"/> 19:39, 6 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18277179 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/33|Tech News: 2018-33]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W33"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *<span title="Advanced item">[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]]</span> [[w:en:Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] in templates can now be stored in a separate page on all wikis. This is called [[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. This is to make it easier to edit how templates look. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-August/090481.html] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180814T1830 14 August at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180815T15 15 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The developers are planning more ways to block users. This could be blocking someone from just a page or a namespace. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Per-user page, namespace, and upload blocking|read more]]. You can leave feedback on the [[m:Talk:Community health initiative/Per-user page, namespace, and upload blocking|talk page]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2018-August/090842.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/33|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W33"/> 17:53, 13 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18292380 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/34|Tech News: 2018-34]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W34"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/34|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 21 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 22 August. It will be on all wikis from 23 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180822T15 22 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' *The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/2018 Community Wishlist Survey|2018 Community Wishlist Survey]] begins on 29 October. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals from 29 October to 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 16 November to 30 November. *[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Manual:$wgLegacyJavaScriptGlobals|Legacy JavaScript global variables]] have been deprecated for seven years. They will soon be removed from all wikis. Gadgets and scripts that use them will stop working. You can test your community's gadgets on "group0" wikis. For example [[testwiki:Main Page|Test Wikipedia]] or [[mw:MediaWiki|mediawiki.org]]. The legacy JavaScript global variables are already disabled there. You can [[mw:ResourceLoader/Migration guide (users)#Global wg variables|read the migration guide]] to fix old scripts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72470] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/34|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W34"/> 16:46, 20 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18310555 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/35|Tech News: 2018-35]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W35"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see moved paragraphs in diffs in the mobile view. It also works on all languages in the desktop view. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T199800] * Bureaucrats on all Wikimedia wikis can now remove the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admin]] user right. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202298] '''Problems''' * Some diffs show lines in the wrong order. The developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197157] '''Changes later this week''' * The message you see when you thank a user will change. This is to make it easier to understand. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T159302] * [[w:en:Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] will stop adding <code>using AWB</code> in the edit summary. Instead it will add a [[Special:Tags|tag]] that says <code>AWB</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T111663] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter]] variables have changed. They are now easier to understand for non-experts. The old variables will still work but filter editors are encouraged to replace them with the new ones. You can find the list of changed variables [[mw:Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules format#Variables|on mediawiki.org]]. They have a note which says <code>Deprecated. Use ... instead</code>. An example is <code>article_text</code> which is now <code>page_title</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T173889] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Abuse filters can now use how old a page is. The variable is <code>page_age</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 28 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 29 August. It will be on all wikis from 30 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180828T1830 28 August at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180829T15 29 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=12&month=09&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|You can read more about this]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/35|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W35"/> 16:16, 27 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18330273 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/36|Tech News: 2018-36]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W36"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new user right for users who can edit [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] for the entire wiki. Before this all admins could edit CSS and JavaScript. This was a security risk. This group is called [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrators]]. Administrators can delete user CSS and JavaScript pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190015][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200176] * There will be an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on the Wikipedia mobile website. It starts this week. It tests how we show templates that show information about an article. The test will last two weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200792][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues] * You can now use different CSS rules for different skins when you edit templates. This is because of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197617] * <code>wp10</code> in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]] is now called <code>articlequality</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196240] * When you get a new message on your talk page you get a yellow message in the toolbar. The preference to show or not show this has been removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58845] '''Problems''' * [[c:Commons:Upload Wizard|UploadWizard]] had problems with [[mw:Extension:UploadWizard/Campaigns|campaigns]]. Users could not upload files. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202760] * You can get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|notification]] when a link is made to a page you created. This has not worked since June. It was fixed last week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200119] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 4 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 5 September. It will be on all wikis from 6 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180905T15 5 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers|Readers department]] will work on advanced mobile editing. You can [[c:File:Wikimedia Foundation Readers Roadmap Review - 2018-08-27.pdf|read more]] about this and other things they plan to work on over the next year. You can also [[c:File:Wikimedia Foundation Readers Roadmap Review - 27 August 2018.webm|see the presentation]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Keegan (WMF)/RelatedSites2|The RelatedSites extension]] will be removed from Wikivoyage. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Unused projects on the [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Wikimedia Cloud virtual private server]] will [[wikitech:Cloud VPS 2018 Purge|be removed]]. This will happen in October. Projects can be marked if they are being used. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-August/090735.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/36|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W36"/> 16:48, 3 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18344596 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/37|Tech News: 2018-37]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W37"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you added or edited a template with the visual editor the input boxes were very big. This has been fixed. The input boxes will now be smaller until you click on them. Then they will change size to fit the text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200834] '''Problems''' * Some diffs showed lines in the wrong order. This was fixed last week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197157] * Marking a cross-wiki notification as read didn't work every time. The other wiki was not updated. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121930] * <code><nowiki><maplink></nowiki></code> did not work for a few days. This was because of a bug. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203427] * <code><nowiki>{{subst:REVISIONUSER}}</nowiki></code> is used by some templates. For a period edits saved with <code><nowiki>{{subst:REVISIONUSER}}</nowiki></code> would save the previous user's name and not your username. This is now fixed. Edits made before the bug was fixed will still be wrong and need to be corrected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203583] * When you move a page the title still shows the old page name. The developers are working on fixing this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203661] '''Changes later this week''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=12&month=09&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|You can read more about this]]. * Because of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|the data centre test]] there will be no new version of MediaWiki this week. Changes for this week will come next week instead. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180911T1830 11 Septmber at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180912T15 12 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Team|The developers]] work on making the wikis work better on mobile phones. There is a list [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for mobile friendly articles|of common problems when making content easier to read in the mobile view]]. You can add things to the page and ask others to help. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/37|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W37"/> 22:36, 10 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18369657 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/38|Tech News: 2018-38]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Mobile app|Wikimedia Commons mobile app]] has a new version. Images uploaded using Nearby are now automatically added to the associated Wikidata item. You can browse other images on Commons. You can see your achievements and your upload statistics. It has also fixed some bugs. [https://cookiesandcodeblog.wordpress.com/2018/08/10/commons-app-version-2-8-beta/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki web requests now have a time limit of 60 seconds for GET requests and 200 seconds for POST requests. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97192] '''Problems''' * You could not see the menu on the notifications page on the mobile version. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192475] '''Changes later this week''' *[[Special:AncientPages|Special:AncientPages]] can hide disambiguation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T76287] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 September. It will be on all wikis from 20 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180919T15 19 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Team|The developers]] are testing new mobile web navigation. You can [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile contributions/Navigation prototype feedback|use it and give feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W38"/> 21:58, 17 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18389264 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/39|Tech News: 2018-39]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W39"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/39|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * The [[Special:Preferences|preferences form]] will change to use the standard look. If you see any problems please [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/3/?projects=ui-standardization,mediawiki-special-pages report them on Phabricator]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117781] *[[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 September. It will be on all wikis from 27 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180926T15 26 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/39|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W39"/> 15:23, 24 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18408633 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/40|Tech News: 2018-40]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Ordinary pages can no longer be loaded as [[w:en:JavaScript|javascript]]. You could do this using <code dir=ltr>?action=raw&ctype=text/javascript</code> in the [[w:en:URL|URL]]. Only fully protected pages in the MediaWiki: namespace or user javascript subpages can be loaded as javascript now. This is for better security. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-September/001955.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-September/090882.html] '''Problems''' * New and updated translations from [[en:w:translatewiki.net|translatewiki.net]] will not reach the wikis for a while. You can still translate messages on translatewiki.net. The Wikimedia wikis will be updated with the new translations later. This is because of work on the translation system. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-September/001951.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-September/090882.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 2 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 3 October. It will be on all wikis from 4 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181003T15 3 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. * You can join the meeting with the Wikimedia Foundation Search Platform team. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181003T15 3 October at 15:00 UTC]. See [[m:IRC office hours#Upcoming office hours|how to join]] if you want to know how the search function works or have questions. '''Future changes''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=10&month=10&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018 2|You can read more about this]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W40"/> 17:35, 1 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18433392 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/41|Tech News: 2018-41]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Education Program|Education Program extension]] was removed from all Wikimedia projects. You can use the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ Programs and Events Dashboard] or the [https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/ Fountain] instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T125618] '''Problems''' * There was a problem when you copied and pasted from a table with the visual editor. It could add <code>href</code> where it shouldn't be. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108506] '''Changes later this week''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=10&month=10&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|You can read more about this]]. * Because of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|the data centre test]] there will be no new version of MediaWiki this week. Changes for this week will come next week instead. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181010T15 10 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W41"/> 23:38, 8 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18453674 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/42|Tech News: 2018-42]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/42|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Some pages, edits and users disappeared for a short while after the [[m:Tech/Server switch 2018|server switch]]. Missing content and users was fixed within a day. Some preferences and other things might take a few more days to fix. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T206743] * Wikis are updated with new and updated translations from [[m:translatewiki.net|translatewiki.net]] again. This will happen once a week. The developers are working on fixing the problem so we can have translation updates more often again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/121/translationwiki.net_security_incident/] '''Changes later this week''' * When you create an abuse filter that prevents edits you can now write a specific error message for it. Before this all abuse filters that prevented edits had the same error message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T27086] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 October. It will be on all wikis from 18 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * There will be no more meetings with the Editing team. This is because not enough Wikimedians were interested. To tell developers which bugs you think are the most important you can use [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/ Phabricator] as normal. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Editing_team/Weekly_triage_meetings] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181017T15 17 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W42"/> 22:41, 15 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18470532 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/43|Tech News: 2018-43]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W43"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/43|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 23 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 24 October. It will be on all wikis from 25 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181024T15 24 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins on 29 October. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals from 29 October to 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 16 November to 30 November. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/43|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W43"/> 23:12, 22 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18491932 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/44|Tech News: 2018-44]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can post proposals for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals until 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 16 November to 30 November. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The wikis now have a [[:w:en:Content Security Policy|content security policy report]]. This means that you might get a warning in your javascript console when you load external resources in your user scripts. For security reasons it is recommended that you don't do this. It might not be possible to load external resources in your scripts in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-October/001994.html] '''Problems''' * Your watchlist can show which changes you have already seen. This did not work for a few days. It has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T207472] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 31 October. It will be on all wikis from 1 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The 2006 wikitext editor is no longer available. It will be removed from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|Special:Preferences]]. It has not been the standard editor for a long time. It was replaced by the [[mw:Extension:WikiEditor|2010 wikitext editor]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Contributors/Projects/Removal_of_the_2006_wikitext_editor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181031T15 31 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W44"/> 20:09, 29 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18519160 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/45|Tech News: 2018-45]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W45"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]] to edit templates. This works only with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010 wikitext editor]] and not in the visual editor or the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]. If you click on [[File:OOjs UI icon puzzle-ltr.svg|17px|link=|Puzzle icon]] you can enter the information in a pop-up. You can turn on TemplateWizard in your beta feature preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202545] '''Changes later this week''' * You can choose to see edit conflicts in a two-column view. This is a beta feature. You can find it in your preferences. The interface for the two-column edit conflict will change. You can [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Solution: Solving edit conflicts line by line (new beta feature)|read more]]. * When you edit with the visual editor you can use the "Automatic" citation tab. This helps you generate citations. You will now be able to write plain text citations or the title of a journal article or a book in this tab. This will search the [[:w:en:Crossref|Crossref]] and [[:w:en:WorldCat|WorldCat]] databases and add the top result. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198567] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 November. It will be on all wikis from 8 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181107T15 7 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/45|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W45"/> 17:29, 5 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18540415 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/46|Tech News: 2018-46]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W46"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some old mobile browsers can use the watchlist again. This has not worked for a while. These browsers are called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Basic (Grade_C)|grade C browsers]]. This helps for example Windows Phone 8.1 with Internet Explorer and Lumia 535 with Windows 10. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196893] '''Problems''' * You can choose to see edit conflicts in a two-column view. This is a beta feature. You can find it in your preferences. Users who use this view saw the edit conflict resolution page when they wanted to see a preview. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T208840][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209012][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209036] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 13 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 14 November. It will be on all wikis from 15 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181114T15 14 November at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation]] tool to translate articles. The developers are working on [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version]]. One of the changes will be a maintenance category. Articles where users add a lot of text from machine translation without changing it will be in that category. This is so the community can review it. The users will also have been warned before they publish the article that it has a lot of unchanged text from machine translations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/46|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W46"/> 19:22, 12 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18568837 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/47|Tech News: 2018-47]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W47"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can vote until 30 November. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] for <code>sameAs</code> data. This is to make it easier to find the right information with a search engine. This changes the [[:w:en:Metadata|metadata]] for a wiki page. It doesn't change how the page looks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209306] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181121T15 21 November at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia wikis use templates to show readers there are problems with the content on some pages. For example if there are no sources or the page needs to be rewritten. The mobile website will soon show more information when you use these templates. Some templates may need to be updated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-November/091113.html] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Education Program|Education Program extension]] was removed from all Wikimedia projects. The [[:w:en:Table (database)|database tables]] used by the extension will be archived. This will happen in a month. If you want the information on your wiki you should move it to a normal wiki page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174802] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/47|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W47"/> 23:29, 19 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18611020 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/48|Tech News: 2018-48]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W48"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Translate|translatable pages]] you could create a mess when you moved a page that had translatable subpages. A subpage is when you use <code>/</code> to create a new page: <code>/wiki/Page/Subpage</code>. The subpages would be moved but not the translations. The subpages are no longer automatically be moved. This is to make it safer to move pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T114592] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|advanced search interface]] will be available by default on all Wikimedia wikis. It makes it easier to use some of the special search functions that most editors don't know exist. It's already active on German, Farsi, Arabic and Hungarian Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T193182] * [[Special:UnusedCategories|Special:UnusedCategories]] show empty categories with no files or other categories. You can soon choose to not show soft redirect categories or some maintenance categories there. You can do this with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words|magic word]] <code><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T96041] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 27 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 28 November. It will be on all wikis from 29 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181128T16 28 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code>mw.util.jsMessage()</code> function was deprecated in 2012. It will be removed next week. [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Reporting JavaScript errors|Look for the warning]] <code>Use of "mw.util.jsMessage" is deprecated</code> in the JavaScript console to know if you use an affected script or gadget. If you are a gadget maintainer you should check if your JavaScript code contains <code>mw.util.jsMessage</code>. There is a [[mw:ResourceLoader/Migration guide (users)#mw.util.jsMessage|migration guide]]. It explains how to use <code>mw.notify</code> instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T193901] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/48|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W48"/> 22:22, 26 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18638702 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/49|Tech News: 2018-49]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W49"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Admins will not be able to unblock themselves if they are blocked by someone other than themselves. This is because it can cause damage if someone else takes over an admin account and other admins can't block them. If this is a problem for your community you can [[phab:T150826|report it on Phabricator]]. You can also ask questions [[m:Tech|on Meta]]. There is a discussion [[phab:T150826|on Phabricator]] about how to solve this if two admins fight with each other on a small wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150826] * Small [[:w:en:Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG images]] are now bigger when you see them in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:MediaViewer|MediaViewer]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71237] * You can go to a section from the edit summary by clicking on the section name. Before this you had to click on the arrow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T165189] * When you jumped to a footnote that was referenced several times in an article it could be difficult to see where you were in the text. Now there are jump marks and highlights to help you find your way back. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Footnote_highlighting][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T194511] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181205T23 5 December at 16:00 (UTC)] and [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181205T23 at 23:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/49|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W49"/> 16:13, 3 December 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18671340 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/50|Tech News: 2018-50]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/50|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 11 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 12 December. It will be on all wikis from 13 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181212T16 12 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * New accounts will need passwords that are at least 8 characters long. Admins, interface admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, CentralNotice admins, global renamers, check users, stewards and some other user groups will need passwords that are at least 10 characters long. This is because an attacker could cause damage to the wikis if they took over these accounts. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Password_policy] * When you hover over a footnote it will show you the reference as a pop-up. This is so you don't have to jump down to the bottom of the page to see a reference. This will happen in 2019. Some wikis already have gadgets that do this. You will be able to turn it off. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W50"/> 17:34, 10 December 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18699559 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/51|Tech News: 2018-51]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 7 January 2019. '''Recent changes''' * Some templates that show notices about the content of the page will now be shown on the mobile website. In many cases they were hidden before. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T210553] * Admins can no longer unblock themselves, except for self-blocks. A blocked admin can block the user who blocked them but no one else. This is so no one can block all admins on a wiki without being stopped. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150826] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration extension]] has been removed. It compared the result of two versions of the MediaWiki wikitext parsing pipeline. It was used when we moved to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RemexHtml|Remex parsing library]] instead of [[mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|Tidy]]. '''Problems''' * <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tags can use parameters such as "name" or "group". For example <code><nowiki><ref name="adams" group="books"></nowiki></code>. If a <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tag has more than two parameters all parameters are ignored. You don't get a warning that they don't work. This will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211576] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 December. It will be on all wikis from 20 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181219T16 19 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Android app team]] are working on making it easier to edit on mobile phones. You can [[mw:Android editing features|read more]] about these plans. If you have an Android phone and speak at least two languages you can help testing in English. Tell [[:m:User:Dchen (WMF)|Dchen (WMF)]] you want to be part of the testing by writing on her talk page or email her. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>tiles.wmflabs.org</code> and <code>wma.wmflabs.org</code> will stop working. They have no maintainers and run an old operating system. Tools which use it could stop working. This includes [[:w:en:Mapnik|the mapnik gadget]], hill shading, and hike and bike layers. New maintainers could help out and keep it going. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-December/091216.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W51"/> 20:35, 17 December 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18718987 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/02|Tech News: 2019-02]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/02|Translations]] are available. ''Tech News writers, editors and translators wish you a pleasant 2019 year.'' '''Recent changes''' * RelatedSites extension has been undeployed. It was used to create interwiki links on Wikivoyage, now handled by Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T128326] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki logstash logging is moving to a new infrastructure. This is an ongoing deployment. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logging_infrastructure_design_document.pdf] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [https://codesearch.wmflabs.org codesearch.wmflabs.org] has been updated, with new and updated repositories and a new search options for code. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2019-January/002045.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] On several wikis, an account named "{{int:abusefilter-blocker}}" has been created on December 17 to perform some technical maintenance on AbuseFilter. This account has sysop rights but it's a system user and no human can use it. The account already existed on wikis where AbuseFilter can perform blocks, which are issued using this account. See [[:phabricator:T212268|T212268]] for more information and future plans. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]], the "{{int:abusefilter-action-throttle}}" action takes three parameters: count, period and groups. They must now strictly respect the requirements listed [[:mw:Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Throttling|on mediawiki.org]]. A list of broken filters is [[:phabricator:P7956|on Phabricator]]. If you're familiar with AbuseFilter, please take a look and fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209565] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from January 8. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from January 9. It will be on all wikis from January 10 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * Search Platform Office Hours is rescheduled to January 9. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-January/091280.html Check the details] for time and date. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W02"/> 18:30, 7 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18759682 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/03|Tech News: 2019-03]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[:w:en:Google Translate|Google Translate]] in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90208][https://wikimediafoundation.org/2019/01/09/you-can-now-use-google-translate-to-translate-articles-on-wikipedia/] * You can now add [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:File captions|captions]] to files on Commons. Captions are short descriptions of the file. They can be translated to all languages we use. They can't use wikitext markup. * Earlier a [[:w:en:Attribute (computing)|quoted HTML attribute]] had to be followed by a space. Now it doesn't. This means that some pages could look different when you save them even if you didn't edit that part of the text. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Uqhg1it7nojfnjfg][https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki/commit/59bb8864a23f3df120789c7619ef07acefa27b9c] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Templates with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|<nowiki><templatestyles></nowiki>]] could not show the difference between the live template and the [[w:en:Sandbox (software development)|sandbox]] version when they were tested. This has now been fixed. <nowiki><templatestyles></nowiki> has a new <code>wrapper</code> parameter now. You can use it for selectors like <code dir="ltr">.mw-parser-output <nowiki><wrapper parameter value> <selector from CSS page></nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200441] '''Problems''' * When you see an edit in the recent changes feed or in the history of a page some of them have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tags|tags]]. Some tags are added automatically. You can also add tags manually. Tags for edits that have been added manually can be edited. This didn't work for a little while. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T212703] '''Changes later this week''' *You can move files from your wiki to Wikimedia Commons and keep the file history with the new [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Move files to Commons|FileExporter]]. It will be a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis from 16 January. If you want to test it you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|activate it]] and check [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Move files to Commons/Configuration file documentation|your wiki's configuration file]]. * Users who could cause more damage to the wikis if someone took over their account have to have more secure passwords. This includes administrators and other user groups. They can't use passwords that are in a list of common passwords. Accounts with common passwords are easy to take over. The list of common passwords was made longer a few weeks ago and has a different error message. Some user groups have been added to those who can't use common passwords. This is to protect all accounts with user rights that could cause damage. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/#/c/operations/mediawiki-config/+/481115/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] variable <code>minor_edit</code> has been removed. It was deprecated in 2016. Now you can't use it. You can fix the filters using it. You can find them if you use the search bar on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from January 15 <section end="technews-2019-W03"/> 17:55, 14 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18781471 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/04|Tech News: 2019-04]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/04|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Some people did not get last week's issue of Tech News. This was because of a problem with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]]. If you did not get last week's issue, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/03|read it on Meta]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213942] '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/V2|version 2]] as the default version for users who turned on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]]. For example it adds the tracking category <code>{{int:cx-unreviewed-translation-category}}</code> to translations that might have used machine translations without fixing the problems. This is so others can find them. You can find this category in <code>Special:TrackingCategories</code> on Wikipedias. * [https://mediawiki2latex-large.wmflabs.org https://mediawiki2latex-large.wmflabs.org] can now convert collects of up to 800 pages to [[:w:en:PDF|PDF]], [[:w:en:EPUB|EPUB]] or [[:w:en:OpenDocument|ODT]]. Previously this was 200 pages. '''Problems''' * When a template was edited with the visual editor, it would sometimes put all information on one line. This makes it difficult to read for editors who use the wikitext editor. It also makes it more difficult to see what happened in a diff. This problem affected edits made between 8 and 17 January and is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213922] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] is used to post a message to many pages. It has not been working reliably. Some messages have not been posted to everyone. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213942][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139380] * Because of a database problem that had to be fixed immediately you could not edit most wikis for a couple of minutes on 17 January (UTC). This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213858] '''Changes later this week''' * You will be able to use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|template styles]] in the <code>Module</code> namespace. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200914] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 22 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 23 January. It will be on all wikis from 24 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190123T16 23 January at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W04"/> 20:37, 21 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_targets/8&oldid=18802332 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/05|Tech News: 2019-05]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Wikimedia servers use [[:w:en:HHVM|HHVM]] to run the [[:w:en:PHP|PHP]] code. They are [[mw:Wikimedia Technology/Annual Plans/FY2019/TEC4: PHP7 Migration/Goals|going to use PHP7]] and stop using HHVM. You can test PHP7 with a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features/PHP7|new beta feature]]. That way you can [[mw:Talk:Beta Features/PHP7|help find and report]] problems. '''Problems''' * When someone moves a page to a name that already exists that page that had the name the article is moved to is deleted. For a couple of months this didn't always work. Some users saw an error message instead. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T210739] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190130T16 30 January at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W05"/> 18:16, 28 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18821217 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/06|Tech News: 2019-06]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/06|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * It was easy to untick a box by accident in [[Special:Preferences|Special:Preferences]]. This will now be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213517] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 February. It will be on all wikis from 7 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190206T16 6 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W06"/> 17:12, 4 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18846213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/07|Tech News: 2019-07]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for mobile friendly articles on Wikimedia wikis#Making page issues (ambox templates) mobile friendly|ambox]]</code> [[:w:en:Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] class to show page issues to mobile readers. When you use <code>ambox</code> there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for mobile friendly articles on Wikimedia wikis#Making page issues (ambox templates) mobile friendly|classes]] you can use. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 February. It will be on all wikis from 14 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190213T16 13 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W07"/> 18:46, 11 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18862544 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/08|Tech News: 2019-08]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W08"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] someone on the mobile web you will now have two seconds to cancel the thank. This is in case you clicked on the thank button by accident. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63737] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 19 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 20 February. It will be on all wikis from 21 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190220T16 20 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * There is a proposal to add a red link to mobile search results if there is no page with that name. This is how it works on desktop. You can [[mw:Talk:Readers/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|leave feedback]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211006] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/08|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W08"/> 23:14, 18 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18883065 --> == Talk to us about talking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt="icon depicting two speech Bubbles"|frameless|right|120px]] The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication. We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices. We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives. We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help. '''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.''' You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do: # First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]] # Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group. This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback. # Then ask people what they think about communication processes. We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki. Please consider asking these five questions: ## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you? ## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them? ## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages? ## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations? ## What are the important aspects of a "wiki discussion"? # Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group. Please include links if the discussion is available to the public. '''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.''' Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]]. You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer. Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you. </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:09, 21 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18890731 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/09|Tech News: 2019-09]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W09"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=324715238&mt=8 new version] of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS FAQ|iOS Wikipedia app]]. It has for example [[:w:en:Syntax highlighting|syntax highlighting]] and new toolbars to make it easier to write wikitext. It also has night mode, a find-on-page function and other things. You can [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps|give feedback and suggestions]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Editing_program] '''Changes later this week''' * When you look at your watchlist or the recent changes page you can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]]. There you can choose tags to filter different edits. Empty tags will no longer be shown. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T182219] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 26 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 27 February. It will be on all wikis from 28 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190227T16 27 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android will invite users to add Wikidata descriptions to Wikidata objects that have Wikipedia articles but no Wikidata descriptions. It will only invite users who have added a number of Wikidata descriptions in the app without being reverted. This is to avoid spam and bad edits. You can [[mw: Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|read more]] and [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|leave feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/09|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W09"/> 21:17, 25 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18898106 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/10|Tech News: 2019-10]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/10|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 March. It will be on all wikis from 7 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190306T16 6 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You can [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|give feedback]] on the future of talk pages. * The mobile website will use the standard [[:w:en:Font|fonts]] on your computer or phone instead of a generic font. This will make it easier to read text in many scripts. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Design/Projects/Improve_mobile_reading_experience][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T175877] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W10"/> 16:38, 4 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18912959 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/11|Tech News: 2019-11]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Pages can use [[:wikidata:Property:P625|geocoordinates]] from Wikidata with the <code>mw.wikibase.entity:formatStatements</code> [[w:Lua (programming language)|Lua]] function or the <code>#statements</code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions|parser function]]. If they do, they will now be shown using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#<maplink>|a Kartographer <code><maplink></code>]] if the wiki can use Kartographer. You can report bugs or ask questions [[phab:T210926|on Phabricator]]. * There is now an [[:wikitech:EventStreams|EventStream]] to see when [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#!/Streams/get_v2_stream_page_links_change links are added or removed] on Wikimedia wikis. You can read the [[phab:T115119|discussions and plans]]. '''Problems''' * Some wikis will not be able to edit for a short period of time on 19 March ([[:w:en:Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]). This will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190319T15 15:00 UTC]. It will last up to 15 minutes but probably shorter. You can [[phab:T217441|see the list of affected wikis]]. This is because of network maintenance. You can still read the wikis. * Editors who use Firefox to edit with the visual editor had a problem with copying text. When they tried to select text that included footnotes, templates or block images in the middle they would often only get part of the text. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214976] * Some maps didn't work for a while on 8 March. This has been fixed. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20190308-wdqs][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217898] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 March. It will be on all wikis from 14 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190313T16 13 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W11"/> 19:30, 11 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18925338 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/12|Tech News: 2019-12]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/12|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * When you use [[:m:Help:Reverting#Advanced features|rollback]] you will be able to get a confirmation prompt on most wikis. It asks you if you wanted to do the rollback. This is to avoid misclicks. You will have to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|opt in]] to get it. On German Wikipedia it will be an opt-out feature from 28 March. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T199534][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Rollback] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 19 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 20 March. It will be on all wikis from 21 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190320T16 20 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Admins will be able to block someone from editing a page or a namespace. This already works on a few Wikimedia wikis. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks|read more]]. If your wiki wants to be an early tester of this, you can [[m:Talk:Community health initiative/Partial blocks|tell the developers]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2018-August/090842.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:Help:Toolforge|Toolforge]] will [[:wikitech:News/Toolforge Trusty deprecation|shut down the Ubuntu Trusty job grid]]. This will happen the week of 25 March. Tools that use this grid needs to be moved to the new Debian Stretch job grid. If they haven't, they will be taken offline. Maintainers can restart the tools later. Users may not be able to use them in the meanwhile. You can see a [[:toolforge:trusty-tools/|list of affected tools]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W12"/> 19:44, 18 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18939566 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/13|Tech News: 2019-13]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W13"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/V2|new version of the content translation tool]] will be used for all new translations. The older version will still be used for translations that were started with it. Most users won’t see any change. More than 80% of the published translations are already using the new version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T212646] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with editing with [[:w:en:Safari (web browser)|Safari]] on [[:w:en:IOS|iOS]]. When you wrote an edit summary you couldn't save the edit. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218352] * The editing toolbar sometimes disappears when you scroll on [[:w:en:IOS|iOS]] devices. This will be fixed soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218414] * Wikis can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System message|over-ride interface messages]] on-wiki. A problem meant that sometimes an old versions of any changed messages were shown instead. This included the sitenotice and other important parts of the interface. This was fixed at around 2019-03-22 16:00 (UTC). Logged-out users may still get the wrong message. Purging the page should fix it for them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218918] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 26 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 27 March. It will be on all wikis from 28 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190327T16 27 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/13|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W13"/> 18:05, 25 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18947493 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/14|Tech News: 2019-14]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W14"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/14|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|Notifications]] tell you about things that happen on the wiki. You can turn on notifications about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications/Notifications_types#echo-category-title-article-linked|new links to pages you created]]. For performance reasons you can no longer get e-mails about this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219444] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 2 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 3 April. It will be on all wikis from 4 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190403T16 3 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/14|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W14"/> 16:29, 1 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18980992 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/15|Tech News: 2019-15]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W15"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * More wikis are now testing visual editor section editing for mobile users. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|read more]]. * Admins on French and Polish Wikipedia can [[m:Community health initiative/Partial blocks|block someone from editing a page or a namespace]]. If your wiki wants to get these blocks before they are available to all wikis, you can [[m:Talk:Community health initiative/Partial blocks|tell the developers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219327][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219218] '''Problems''' * You will be able read but not edit most wikis for 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April at 05:00 (UTC)]. This is because of a hardware problem. You can [[phab:T220080|see a list of the affected wikis]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-April/091900.html] * A map update caused some problems on 29 March and 30 March. It was rolled back. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217087] * Pages on some Wikivoyages had problems with the top headline. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97891#5079408] '''Changes later this week''' * When you add an edit summary the VisualEditor will search your recent edit summaries in case you want to re-use one. This works in both the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|visual]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|wikitext]] modes on desktop. It also works [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|on the mobile site]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50274] * The Wikimedia wikis will get a [[:w:en:URL shortening|URL shortener]]. This will work from 11 April. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|read more]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-April/012893.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code><nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki></code> magic word will no longer work. This is for performance reasons. When you preview a page it will return <code>""</code> (empty string). When you read a page it will return <code>"-"</code> (dash). For now this will only affect content namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T137900] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 9 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 10 April. It will be on all wikis from 11 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190410T15 10 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will be able to preview references. This means that when you hover over the link you will get a popup that shows you a preview of the reference. It will work much like [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|page previews]]. This is so you don't have to go to the bottom of the page to see a reference. This will now be available as a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67114] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikidata [[:w:en:JSON|JSON]] output will change. Empty containers will be serialised as empty objects. This is a breaking change that will affect tools that use JSON outputs and APIs. It will happen on 30 April. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-April/012891.html read more and see how to test your code]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/15|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W15"/> 18:25, 8 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18988936 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/16|Tech News: 2019-16]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W16"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *All wikis now have the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]] for the wikitext editor. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 April. It will be on all wikis from 18 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190417T15 17 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikidata will get a new [[:wikidata:Help:Property constraints portal#Constraint statements on properties|constraint status]] called <code> suggestion</code>. This [[mailarchive:wikidata/2019-April/012911.html|will change]] how the <code>WikibaseQualityConstraints</code> constraint checking API works. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-April/012910.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204439] * You can test the [[c:Commons:Structured data/Get involved/Feedback requests/Depicts testing|<code>depicts</code> property]] for structured data on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/16|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W16"/> 23:00, 15 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19011282 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/17|Tech News: 2019-17]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W17"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|advanced search]] function [[:w:en:URL|URL]] now shows which namespaces you search in. The namespace field is collapsed by default on the search page. You can also [[gerrit:plugins/gitiles/mediawiki/extensions/AdvancedSearch/+/refs/heads/master/docs/adding_fields.md|add new fields]] to the search interface through a [[:w:en:Hooking|hook]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217445][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217443][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217446] * The wikis now look slightly different in the mobile web version. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-April/091978.html] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190423T15 23 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikipedia articles will have the <code>[https://schema.org/sameAs sameAs]</code> [https://schema.org/Property meta property]. It adds structured data. This makes it easier for search engines to find Wikipedia articles. It also makes it easier to reuse content. There will an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Seach_Engine_Optimization/sameAs_test][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209306] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/17|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W17"/> 19:08, 23 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19030007 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/18|Tech News: 2019-18]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W18"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android now invites users to add Wikidata descriptions to Wikidata objects that have Wikipedia articles but no Wikidata descriptions. It will only invite users who have added a number of Wikidata descriptions in the app without being reverted. This is to avoid spam and bad edits. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T205125] '''Problems''' * Tech News was late last week because of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:MassMessage|MassMessage]] bug. Other newsletters had the same problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T221570] '''Changes later this week''' * You will see when you last refreshed the recent changes page. This is so you can see how recent the changes are. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200353] * When you write a comment in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions|Structured Discussions]] but have not posted it yet your [[:w:en:Web browser|web browser]] will save it in <code>[[:w:en:Web storage#Local and session storage|local storage]]</code> instead of <code>[[:w:en:Web storage#Local and session storage|session storage]]</code>. This means you do not lose them even if you close your web browser. Structured Discussions used to be called Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T93612] * You will be able to turn off [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications/Notifications types#Milestone|milestone notifications]]. Milestone notifications congratulate you when you have made certain numbers of edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T169924] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 1 May. It will be on all wikis from 2 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190501T15 1 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikidata <code>wb_terms</code> table will be dropped. This will affect some Wikidata tools. They need to be updated. The table has become too big which is causing problems. This will happen on 29 May. You can [[mailarchive:wikidata/2019-April/012987.html|read more]]. You can ask for help if you need it. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis will soon use a token when you log out. This changes how the API works. Some tools might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T25227] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/18|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W18"/> 22:28, 29 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19046269 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/19|Tech News: 2019-19]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W19"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/19|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]] can show the wrong information. It does not always show which edits are read and which are unread. The developers are working on solving the problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218511] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 May. It will be on all wikis from 9 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190507T15 8 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/19|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W19"/> 16:28, 6 মে' 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19073915 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/20|Tech News: 2019-20]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W20"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/20|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 14 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 15 May. It will be on all wikis from 16 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190514T15 15 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/20|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W20"/> 00:49, 14 মে' 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19091659 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/21|Tech News: 2019-21]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W21"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The report for phase 1 of the talk pages consultation 2019 [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Talk pages consultation_2019/Phase 1 report|has been published]]. Communities are invited to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up#Phase2|start phase 2 of the consultation]] on their wikis. '''Problems''' * File descriptions for files from Commons were not shown properly on other Wikimedia wikis for a few days. For example the image descriptions and license information were missing. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222935][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222954] * Some diffs show an error message when you try to see them. The developers are working on fixing it. It could be because of some edit comments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222857][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222628] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-05-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-05-22|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-05-23|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190521T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-05-22|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Content translation/V2|content translation tool]] on Wikipedia can use machine translations. There is a system to stop translations where the editors do not fix machine translation mistakes. This warns or stops them if they seem to just copy what the machine translation gives them. If this system is too strict or not strict enough you can [[mw:Talk:Content translation|tell the language team]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikidata <code>wbeditentity</code> [[:w:en:Application programming interface|API]] endpoint will remove all aliases if the request includes an empty alias. This is how it supposed to work. It has not been working this way because of a bug. This will start on 12 June. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-May/013051.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W21"/> 13:04, 20 মে' 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19108030 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/22|Tech News: 2019-22]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W22"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/22|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Big changes to the [[w:en:Replication (computing)|replica database]] will happen on 3 June. Some tools on [[:wikitech:Help:Cloud Services Introduction|Cloud Services]] will stop working if the maintainers do not update them to use the new schema. This probably affects tools that query for revisions or log entries made by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223406][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/cloud-announce/2019-May/000172.html] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 28 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 29 May. It will be on all wikis from 30 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190529T15 29 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/22|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W22"/> 15:34, 27 May 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19120221 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/23|Tech News: 2019-23]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W23"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now write all special letters in all African Wikipedia languages. This works in the desktop version. [https://aharoni.wordpress.com/2019/05/25/happy-africa-day-keyboards-for-all-african-wikipedia-languages/] * There is now a field called <code>[[:c:Commons:Depicts|depicts]]</code> on Commons. This is a way to show what is in a picture with the help of Wikidata. It is still in development. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Village_pump#Adding_qualifiers_to_Depicts] * Some tools on Toolforge may break on or after 3 June because of database changes. Maintainers should update their tools to use the new schema. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223406][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/cloud-announce/2019-May/000172.html] '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190619T05 19 June at 05:00 (UTC)]. This is to fix a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224516] '''Changes later this week''' * Some wikis have one tab for the visual editor and one tab for a wikitext editor. Others wikis just have one tab. If your wiki has two tabs, clicking a link to create a new page has always opened a wikitext editor. It will now open the editor you used the last time you edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223793] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 4 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 5 May. It will be on all wikis from 6 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190605T15 5 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/23|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W23"/> 15:25, 3 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19133752 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/24|Tech News: 2019-24]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W24"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you create a PDF from a page on the wiki this is now done by [[mw:Proton|Proton]]. Before this we used [[mw:Electron|Electron]]. It should look the same but work better. Both use Chromium. This is a different system from when you collect several articles into a book and make a PDF from them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T210651][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186748] * The Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standard OOUI icons. There will be additional minor fixes for positioning in the next deployment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155878] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bots and other scripts that do not set an identifiable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User-Agent policy|User-Agent]] may find their requests strictly rate-limited until they identify themselves properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224891] '''Problems''' * Please check if the Flagged Revisions configuration on your wiki is as you expect (or as it was a few weeks ago). If not, please [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Wikimedia-Site-Requests%2CMediaWiki-extensions-FlaggedRevs report it]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225144] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190612T15 12 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/24|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W24"/> 17:07, 10 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19143311 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/25|Tech News: 2019-25]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W25"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/25|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190619T05 19 June at 05:00 (UTC)]. This is to fix a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224516] '''Changes later this week''' * [[:w:en:MIDI|MIDI]] files can soon be played without the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]]. You can then add them with <code><nowiki>[[File:Filename.midi]]</nowiki></code>. Later <code>override_midi</code> and <code>override_audio</code> will stop working. Instead you will need to add the MIDI file below the music score. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T135597] * A new video player will soon replace the old one. You will be able to enable it as a beta feature in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|your preferences]]. It will later be enabled for everyone if there are no big problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148103] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 June. It will be on all wikis from 20 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190619T15 19 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and user scripts still use the old <code>wgEnableAPI</code> and <code>wgEnableWriteAPI</code> values. These values are always true. They will soon be removed. This might break the gadgets and scripts. You should fix your gadgets to not use these values. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/core/+/504076] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/25|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W25"/> 20:38, 17 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19152213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/26|Tech News: 2019-26]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W26"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/26|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki for last week was not fully released due to issues. It was removed from most wikis on Tuesday and from test wikis on Thursday. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-June/092212.html] * Most wikis were slow and then briefly read-only last week due to one of the database servers having a problem. It is now replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225981] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 June. It will be on all wikis from 27 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * You can watch or join the next [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-June/092210.html Wikimedia Language showcase]. It will be about the usage of Machine Translation in Wikimedia projects. The showcase will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190626T13 26 June at 13:00 (UTC)]. A recording will be kept for later viewing * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190626T15 26 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/26|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W26"/> 17:30, 24 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19168431 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/27|Tech News: 2019-27]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W27"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The development of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Bridge|Wikidata Bridge]] has started. The goal is to allow Wikidata edits from Wikipedia. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-June/013216.html] '''Problems''' * Sometimes pages load slowly for users routed to the Amsterdam data center. Investigation is in progress. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226048] * Wikidata query service was overloaded between 11:50 UTC until 13:15 UTC on June 24. It has been fixed. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20190624-wdqs] '''Changes later this week''' * You will be able to read but not to edit all wikis for a short amount of time, on 3 July at 06:00 (UTC). This is to move a database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226358] * There is no deployment of a new version of MediaWiki on the wikis this week ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190703T15 3 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/27|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W27"/> 21:23, 1 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19175317 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/28|Tech News: 2019-28]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W28"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * For event organizers, if you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mass_account_creation#Requesting_temporary_lift_of_IP_cap|request a temporary lift of the IP cap]] for mass account creation, this will now also raise the edit rate limit for those new accounts at the event, which will prevent another bottleneck. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204583] * Administrators at all Wiktionary, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource wikis are now able to use the new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_health_initiative/Partial_blocks|partial blocks]] feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218626] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 9 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 10 July. It will be on all wikis from 11 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The design of MediaWiki's software windows will change for desktop users. Layout will be simpler, buttons will be bolder and clearer, and close buttons will be just icons. This is like the mobile design. This will affect ContentTranslation, VisualEditor, TemplateWizard, and other tools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226045] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190710T15 10 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikidata will be in read-only mode on 30 July from 05:00 to 05:30 UTC because of a server switch. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227063] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There will be a change in the name format of new Wikidata RDF dumps starting on 15 July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226153] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/28|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W28"/> 20:13, 8 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19192465 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/29|Tech News: 2019-29]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W29"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The mobile web will get more advanced editing tools. Seven more Wikipedias can use them now. This works for Arabic, Indonesian, Italian, Persian, Japanese, Spanish and Thai Wikipedia. You can try the tools on the mobile web and give feedback. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Advanced_mobile_contribution_options_second_update] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The abuse filter system user will soon do maintenance edits on broken abuse filters. This user is called <code>{{int:abusefilter-blocker}}</code> and has administrator rights. This is meant to fix technical problems. It will not do any other changes. You [[phab:T209565|can read more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 July. It will be on all wikis from 18 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190717T15 17 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android will invite users to add image captions to images on Commons. It will only invite users who have added a number of edits in the app without being reverted. This is to avoid spam and bad edits. You can [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|read more]] and [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|leave feedback]]. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Village_pump/Archive/2019/03#Edit_action_feed_(Android_Wikipedia_app)] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/29|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W29"/> 15:30, 15 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19199404 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/30|Tech News: 2019-30]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W30"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Communities interested by easing newcomers' first steps can now benefit from the Growth team experiments on their wikis. Check [[mw:Growth/Communities/How to get the Growth experiments on your wiki|the conditions and the request process]]. * The [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2019]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools by July 29. The awarded tools will be presented at Wikimania. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-July/092301.html] '''Problems''' * The release of the last version of MediaWiki (1.34.0-wmf.14) has been blocked for groups 1 and 2. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2019-July/002184.html] '''Changes later this week''' * Phabricator database will be moved to a different server. Writes will be blocked on Thursday 25 July, between 05:30 and 06:00 AM UTC. Reads will remain unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T228243] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 23 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 24 July. It will be on all wikis from 25 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190723T15 24 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Some items in the visual editor]] will change later this week. This will make it easier to edit links, citations, and templates on both desktop and mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225834][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T221247] * With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|advanced search]] turned on you will be able to choose the sorting order of the search results when you do a search. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225479][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197525] * Users who edit from IP addresses whitelisted on a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Mass_account_creation#Requesting temporary lift of_IP cap|request for temporary lift of the IP cap for mass account creation]] will bypass CAPTCHAs. This will happen in August. If you think this should not happen for some reason, please [[:phab:T227487|let us know]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The variable <code>user_wpzero</code> will be removed from AbuseFilter. [[phab:T227843#5344413|A list of filters needing a fix is provided]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/30|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W30"/> 13:08, 22 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19224936 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/31|Tech News: 2019-31]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W31"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/31|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Wikidata will be in read-only mode on 30 July from 05:00 to 05:30 UTC because of a server switch. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227063] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 31 July. It will be on all wikis from 1 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190731T15 31 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/31|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W31"/> 21:42, 29 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19235136 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/32|Tech News: 2019-32]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W32"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/32|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 August. It will be on all wikis from 8 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Problems''' *A change in [[mw:Extension:RelatedArticles|RelatedArticles extension]] accidentally enabled it for everyone, not just for mobile users. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181242][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229644] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190807T15 7 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Today everyone can see [[:w:en:IP addresses|IP addresses]] if someone edits without an account. In the future this could be more hidden. This is to protect unregistered editors so fewer can see their IP address. This would only happen after we make sure the tools for vandal fighting can still be effective. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/32|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W32"/> 13:25, 5 August 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19263690 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/33|Tech News: 2019-33]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W33"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors using the mobile website on Wikipedia can opt-in to new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions|advanced features]] via your settings page. This will give access to more interface links, special pages, and tools. Feedback on the discussion page is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T228916] * Due to the absence of volunteer maintenance of Cologne Blue skin, the link to activate it will be hidden. The skin will still work, but editors using it are encouraged to switch to another skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223824] '''Changes later this week''' * Due to Wikimania, there is no deployment this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments#Week_of_August_12th] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190813T15 13 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The "Wikidata item" link will be moved from "Tools" to "In other projects" section on all Wikimedia projects, starting on August 21. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-August/013316.html Full announcement], [[phab:T66315|Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/33|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W33"/> 18:20, 12 August 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19280448 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/34|Tech News: 2019-34]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W34"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/34|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * There will be no Tech News issue next week. The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 2 September 2019. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some abuse filters stopped working because of a code change. Only variables for the current action will work. Variables defined inside a branch may not work outside of that branch. You can [[phab:T230256|read more]] to see how to fix the filters. * Only six accounts can be created from one [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]] per day. Between 12 August and August 15 this was two accounts per day. This was because of a security issue. It is now six accounts per day again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230521] '''Changes later this week''' * Only a limited number of accounts can be created from one [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]]. An IP address can be [[:w:en:Whitelisting |whitelisted]] so that it can create as many accounts as needed. This is useful at events where many new persons learn to edit. IP addresses that are whitelisted for this reason will also not show [[w:en:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHAs]] when you create accounts. This will happen on Wednesday. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227487] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 20 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 21 August. It will be on all wikis from 22 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190821T15 21 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * There is an [[:w:en: Request for Comments|RFC]] about creating a new global user group with the right to edit [[:mw:Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. This will be used to fix broken filters and make sure all filters will still work when software changes happen. You can [[:m:Requests for comment/Creating abusefilter-manager global group|read more and comment]]. * <code>Special:Contributions/newbies</code> will no longer be working. This is because of performance reasons. It showed edits by new accounts. You can see this in the recent changes feed instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T220447] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/34|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W34"/> 15:21, 19 August 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19310286 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/36|Tech News: 2019-36]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W36"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use the new [[wikidata:Wikidata:Development/Termbox|termbox]] interface if you edit Wikidata on a mobile device. This is to edit labels, descriptions and aliases easier on the mobile pages. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-August/013355.html] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki has been deployed during the last week. * The previously announced change of positions of the "Wikidata item" link on all wikis has been rollbacked due to unexpected cache issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66315#5431632] * The limit for rollbacks has been increased from 10 to 100 rollbacks per minute. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T228708] * The advanced version of the edit review pages (Recent Changes, Watchlist, and Related Changes) now include two new filters. These filters are for "All contents" and "All discussions". They will filter the view to just those namespaces. However the "All discussions" filter does not include pseudo talk pages, like discussions that are in the ''Project:'' or ''Wikipedia:'' namespaces. But it will include changes happening on ''Project talk:'' or the ''Wikipedia talk:''. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T201520] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-09-03|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-09-04|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-09-05|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). * When you log in, the software checks your password to see if it follows the [[Special:MyLanguage/Password policy|Password policy]]. From this week, it will also complain if your password is one of the most common passwords in the world. If your password is not strong enough, please consider to [[Special:PasswordReset|change your password]] for a [[w:en:Password strength|stronger password]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T151425] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190904T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-09-04|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikidata for up to 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190910T05 September 10 at 05:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] * You will be able to read but not to edit some mid-sized wikis for up to 30 minutes [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190917T05 September 17 at 05:00 (UTC)]. You can [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wikimedia/operations-mediawiki-config/master/dblists/s2.dblist see which wikis]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] * You will be able to read but not to edit some mid-sized wikis for up to 30 minutes [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190924T05 September 24 at 05:00 (UTC)]. You can [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wikimedia/operations-mediawiki-config/master/dblists/s3.dblist see which wikis]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for up to 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190926T05 September 26 at 05:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/36|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W36"/> 09:08, 4 September 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19350205 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/40|Tech News: 2019-40]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/40|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week's Tech News had delivery problems. Some did not get the newsletter. Some got it more than one time. The problem where some pages got it three times should now be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T232379] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-01|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-02|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-03|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191002T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-10-02|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] is working on a [[:m:Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry|watchlist expiry feature]]. This means you can put things on your watchlist for a period of time instead of forever. They are looking for [[:m:Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry#Open Questions|feedback on the questions they have]]. * [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] will get the standard [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. This makes it easier to use on mobile and makes it look like other <code>Special:</code> pages. There is a [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/User:Jdlrobson/compactspecialcontributions.css script] you can use to make the form smaller if you want to. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117736] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W40"/> 16:51, 30 September 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19425409 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/41|Tech News: 2019-41]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter function]] now has a faster [[w:en:Parsing|parser]]. This is to shorten the waiting time when you save an edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T156095] '''Problems''' * There is a problem in the visual editor when you copy or delete text with footnotes. It will be fixed soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T234489] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 8 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 9 October. It will be on all wikis from 10 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191009T15 9 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Community Wishlist Survey]] has a new format. It will focus on wikis that typically get less support. It will probably go back to the normal format next year. It is not decided exactly how it will work this year. You can [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2020|leave feedback]]. * The [[:w:en:URL|URL]] of the Wikimedia wiki main pages could be changed. This is because the current URLs cause several problems. For example <code>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page</code> would be <code>https://www.wikidata.org/</code> instead. You can [[phab:T120085|tell the developers]] if this would cause problems for your wiki. * There is a new [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2019/October|technical community newsletter]]. You can read more about the work of Wikimedia's technical community. [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]] to get the information in the future. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[w:en:Outreachy|Outreachy]] is an internship program for groups who are underrepresented in free and open-source software. There are seven Wikimedia projects about coding, documentation and quality assurance in the next round. Persons who fit the criteria [https://www.outreachy.org/apply/project-selection/#wikimedia can apply]. The last day to apply is 5 November. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W41"/> 15:36, 7 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19425409 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/42|Tech News: 2019-42]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[:mw: Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions |more advanced editing tools]] on the mobile web. You can turn them on and off in your preferences in the mobile version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233612] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 15 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 16 October. It will be on all wikis from 17 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191016T15 16 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[w:en:Internet Explorer|Internet Explorer]] 6 and 7 are no longer [[:mw:Compatibility|supported]]. This means the browsers might start looking a bit weird. They will not get security support. You [[:wikitech:HTTPS/Browser Recommendations|can't read]] Wikimedia wikis in Internet Explorer on Windows XP or Windows versions that are older than Windows XP. This is because almost no one uses the browsers anymore. Supporting them made the wikis less secure for everyone else. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T232563] * In the future section headings might have a share link. This is to make it easier to link to the section. You can [[phab:T18691|read more and discuss]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W42"/> 23:55, 14 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19459969 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/43|Tech News: 2019-43]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W43"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|'''''[[$technews|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[$ambassadors|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[$bot|bot]] • [[$contribute|Contribute]] • [[$translate|Translate]] • [[$tech|Get help]] • [[$talk|Give feedback]] • [[$list|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'']] The [[w:en:Application programming interface|API]] sandbox and help pages now show more clearly when API modules are marked as <code>internal</code>. API modules marked as internal were probably internal before. It was easier to miss. You should look for non-internal alternatives. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185508] '''Problems''' * There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Translate|translation tool]] we use on wikis with more than one language. For a few days it did not create pages for new languages when someone translated a page. The languages did not show in the language bar. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235027] * The history and diffs can show wrong content. This is because of a cache problem. It will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235188] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 22 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 23 October. It will be on all wikis from 24 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]] will be a beta feature on [[phab:T235083|all Wikipedias and some Wikivoyages]]. It shows you a preview of the footnote when you hover over or click on the number. It has been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191023T15 23 October]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/43|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W43"/> 14:44, 21 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19479668 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/44|Tech News: 2019-44]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can post proposals for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals until 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 20 November to 2 December. This year the wishlist will focus on Wikibooks, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikispecies, Wikivoyage and Wikinews. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020#newformat|read more]] about the format for this year. * Mobile users now have a specific design for their Watchlist. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225127][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235414] * You can share feedback and ideas on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project. The goal is to make the interface easier to use for readers and editors without removing any functionality. The Foundation's Readers Web team will work on this over the next two years. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OOUI|OOUI]] now allows using <code>px</code> (pixels) instead of <code>em</code> ([[:w:en:Em (typography)|em]]) for some specific cases. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/design/2019-October/002646.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T220671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-29|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-31|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191030T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-10-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * There will be no software changes from 19 December to 2 January. The first MediaWiki version next year will come the week of 6 January. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-October/092682.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts can access variables about the current page in JavaScript. In 2015, this information was moved from global variables named <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> to <code style="white-space:nowrap;">mw.config</code>. The old global variables will be removed later this year. You can [[Phab:T72470|know more about it and tell the developers]] if you want to try this out on your wiki first. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W44"/> 16:26, 28 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19459969 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/45|Tech News: 2019-45]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W45"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] you could see up to 5000 edits at the same time if you edited the [[:w:en:URL|URL]]. This has been lowered to 500. This is to stop requests which break the sites. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T234450] '''Changes later this week''' * <code>MediaWiki:ipb-default-expiry</code> can set the default length to block a user for your wiki. You will be able to use <code>MediaWiki:ipb-default-expiry-ip</code> to set a different default block length for IP editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219126] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 November. It will be on all wikis from 7 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191106T15 6 November at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/45|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W45"/> 16:48, 4 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/46|Tech News: 2019-46]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W46"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex-large.wmflabs.org MediaWiki2LaTeX] can put different pages from a Wikimedia wiki into a [[:w:en:PDF|PDF]]. It can now make a PDF with around 5000 pages. Previously this was 800 pages. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191113T16 13 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia will take part in [[:w:en:Google Code-in|Google Code-in]]. This is for young students who want to help with open source software. You can [[:mw:Google Code-in/2019|read more]]. Experienced technical Wikimedians can mentor students. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/46|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W46"/> 22:04, 11 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/47|Tech News: 2019-47]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W47"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/47|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit some wikis for up to 30 minutes [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191126T06 on 26 November at 06:00 (UTC)]. You can [[phab:T238046|see which wikis]]. It will probably last much shorter than 30 minutes. This will also affect the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CentralAuth|centralauth]]</code> database. This could for example affect changing passwords, logging in to new wikis, changing emails or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CentralAuth/Global rename|global renames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238046] '''Changes later this week''' * You can soon vote on proposals for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can vote on proposals from 20 November to 2 December. This year the wishlist will focus on Wikibooks, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikispecies, Wikivoyage and Wikinews. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020#newformat|read more]] about the format for this year. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191120T16 20 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/47|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W47"/> 20:17, 18 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/48|Tech News: 2019-48]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W48"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * The mobile beta mode will be disabled to have less maintenance. The developers will focus on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|desktop improvements]] project. You can turn on [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mobile contributions mode]] if you want to see the categories. You could also jump back to the top. This can instead be done with a [[w:en:User:Jdlrobson/scripts/backtotop.js|gadget or user script]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237290] * [[:mw:Parsoid|Parsoid]] is software we use for the visual editor, content translation, Flow and the Android app. This has been rewritten. It will come to the wikis gradually over the next two weeks. It has been tested, but there could be some diffs or previews that don't look right. If you see any you can [[phab:T229015|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229015] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 26 November. It will be on the other wikis next week ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). This is because of holidays. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191127T16 27 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will switch between the article and the talk page in a new way in the mobile view in the future. It will use tabs. This is more like in the desktop view. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230695] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/48|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W48"/> 16:52, 25 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/49|Tech News: 2019-49]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W49"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Mix'n'match|Mix'n'match]] is a tool to connect Wikidata items to information in other databases. It can be used to find subjects that are missing in a Wikipedia. It now has more than 3000 datasets. Before it was closer to 2000. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 3 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 4 December. It will be on all wikis from 5 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191204T16 4 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There will be a new schema for [https://dumps.wikimedia.org/ XML dumps]. Scripts and apps that use them will need to be updated. If they are not updated they will no longer work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code><nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki></code> magic word will no longer work in the content namespaces. This is for performance reasons. When you preview a page it returns <code>""</code> (empty string). When you read a page it returns <code>"-"</code> (dash). In the future this will also affect other namespaces. The next ones are file and category namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235957] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/49|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W49"/> 16:59, 2 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19605481 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/50|Tech News: 2019-50]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikimedia projects use [https://translatewiki.net/ Translatewiki] to translate the wiki interface. You can now use [https://tools.wmflabs.org/watch-translations/ WatchTranslations] to watch projects there. You would get an email if there are missing translations to your language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238216] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new dataset you can use. It shows the number of editors per country per month for a number of countries. You can [[:wikitech:Analytics/Data Lake/Edits/Geoeditors/Public|read the documentation]] and [https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/geoeditors/readme.html download the dataset]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 10 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 11 December. It will be on all wikis from 12 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191211T16 11 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You can test a new [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Book referencing|reference tool]]. It makes it possible to reference different parts of a source without repeating all information. You can test it on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|beta cluster]]. You can see [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Draft:Cut_the_Crap#cite_ref-3 an example article]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Vc9k7gf9kvqxkkva] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W50"/> 16:39, 9 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19605481 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/51|Tech News: 2019-51]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/51|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Linter|Linter extension]] helps you find technical errors in articles. It did not show new changes last week. This was because of an [[:w:en:Application programming interface|API]] problem. It is now working again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240057] * [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]] can show the wrong information again. It does not always show which edits are read and which are unread. This is because of a database problem. The developers are working on solving the problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218511] '''Changes later this week''' * You can get email notifications. You can get them immediately, a summary every day or a summary once every week. If you choose a summary you can soon choose not to get notifications you have already marked as read on the wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T169386] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 17 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 18 December. It will be on all wikis from 19 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191218T16 18 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks|partial blocks]] feature is now stable. It will come to most wikis on 6 January. Your wiki can ask to wait. Contact [[User talk:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] if you don't want it now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218626] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W51"/> 00:18, 17 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19643564 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/52|Tech News: 2019-52]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W52"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/52|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 6 January 2020. '''Recent changes''' * All mobile site users now have new features. Features include: tabs for page/discussion; an expanded user-menu; direct access to history pages. These features were initially part of the "[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mode]]". '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * You can use <code>setlang</code> in the [[:w:en:URL|URL]] to change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector|user interface language]]. This will no longer happen automatically. When you open the link you will be asked to confirm the language change. This will not happen if [[:w:en:Javascript|Javascript]] is not working in your browser. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63115] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/52|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W52"/> 20:08, 23 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19658611 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/02|Tech News: 2020-02]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/02|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * When trying to move a page, if the target title already exists then a warning message is shown. The warning message will now include a link to the target title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184357] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 January. It will be on all wikis from 9 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W02"/> 21:23, 6 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19686133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/03|Tech News: 2020-03]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can no longer read Wikimedia wikis if your browser use very old [[:w:en:Transport Layer Security|TLS]]. This is because it is a security problem for everyone. It can lead to [[:w:en:Downgrade attack|downgrade attacks]]. Since 9 December you just see a warning. Soon the browser will not connect to the wikis at all. Most are users on Android systems older than 4.4. You can read the [[:wikitech:HTTPS/Browser Recommendations|browser recommendations]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238038] * [[Special:LinkSearch|Special:LinkSearch]] has been moved from the "{{int:specialpages-group-redirects}}" section on [[Special:SpecialPages|Special:SpecialPages]] to the "{{int:specialpages-group-pages}}" section. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242146] '''Changes later this week''' *[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikis can protect pages so that only some users can edit them. The standard protection levels are {{int:protect-level-autoconfirmed}} and {{int:Protect-level-sysop}}. If your wiki use more protection levels the technical name might be renamed for standardisation. This doesn't affect what users see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230103] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 14 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 15 January. It will be on all wikis from 16 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[:wikitech:Nova Resource:Catgraph/Deepcat|Deepcat]] and [[:wikitech:Nova Resource:Catgraph|Catgraph]] will stop working. This will happen at the end of January. This is because you can now use the normal search function instead. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-January/092936.html] * You can use <code><nowiki><ref follow="…"></nowiki></code> to merge footnotes that follow each other. It is meant to be used for digitised books on Wikisource. If the order of the footnotes is wrong no error was shown but the bad <nowiki><ref></nowiki> was shown outside the <nowiki><references /></nowiki> list. This will change and you will see an error message instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240858] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/03|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W03"/> [[সদস্য:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:41, 13 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19686133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/04|Tech News: 2020-04]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/04|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 21 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 22 January. It will be on all wikis from 23 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|new suggestion]] for what to show when someone edits without registering an account. This is to give unregistered editors better privacy and make some anti-vandalism work go faster. You can [[:m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is a Python [[:w:en:Library (computing)|library]] to automate work on wikis. It will no longer support [[:w:en:Python (programming language)|Python 2]]. Use the <code>python2</code> tag if you need to continue running Python 2 scripts. The Pywikibot team strongly recommends to migrate to Python 3. You can [[:phab:T242120|get help]] to do so. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot/2020-January/009976.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The weekly MediaWiki branch cut will soon become automated. The timing for this cut may change. You can discuss [[phab:T242446|in Phabricator]] if this affects you. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-January/092939.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical Community Newsletter/2020/January|read about]] coming technical events and mentoring interns. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W04"/> 19:42, 20 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19732098 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/05|Tech News: 2020-05]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Some mobile diffs have problems. A couple of buttons are not shown. Structured data diffs on Commons are confusing. The developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242310][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243235] * Administrators on wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions|Structured Discussions]] can't move discussion pages. This is a bug. The developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T231783] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * There is JavaScript code on Special:Undelete for administrators that makes it possible to automatically select multiple checkboxes by holding the "Shift" key and clicking. This code is also loaded by accident on other special pages and on articles. This makes pages slower to load. This will be fixed. If you know of other special pages where this is useful please tell the developers at [[phab:T232688]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W05"/> 18:53, 27 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19751689 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/06|Tech News: 2020-06]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/06|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 4 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 5 February. It will be on all wikis from 6 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W06"/> 20:05, 3 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19771613 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/07|Tech News: 2020-07]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new version of the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Mobile app|Wikimedia Commons app]] for Android. It should fix the failed uploads problem. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-February/093042.html] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the new MediaWiki version last week. It deleted some messages by accident. The new version was late because it was stopped to fix things. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233866] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|MediaWiki action API]] is used by various tools like bots and gadgets. Some error codes will change. Some parameter values that do not follow the standard will no longer work. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-February/093048.html] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 11 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 12 February. It will be on all wikis from 13 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W07"/> 19:12, 10 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19795497 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/08|Tech News: 2020-08]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W08"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Pages on Wikidata and Commons now load faster. You can read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Performance Team/Page load performance|page load performance]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-February/013827.html][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ResourceLoader/Developing_with_ResourceLoader] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 February. It will be on all wikis from 20 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/08|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W08"/> 16:18, 17 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19816101 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/09|Tech News: 2020-09]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W09"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/09|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 February. It will be on all wikis from 27 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There will be a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|reply button]] after each post on a talk page if you want one. This will soon be a beta feature on the Arabic, French, Dutch and Hungarian Wikipedias. You will have to turn it on if you want to use it. It will come to more wikis later. You can [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Talk:Cats test the reply button]. It was briefly shown earlier than planned by mistake on the four first wikis last week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/09|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W09"/> 21:00, 24 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19816101 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/10|Tech News: 2020-10]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/10|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Readers who were not logged in briefly saw the interface in a language decided by their browser. It should normally be in the language of the wiki. This happened for a short period of time last week. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T246071] '''Changes later this week''' * If you forget your password you can ask for a new one to be sent to your email address. You need to know your email address or your username. You will now be able to choose that you need to enter both your email address and your username. This will be a preference. This is to get fewer password reset emails someone else asked for. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Password_Reset_Update] * When you asked for a new password you could see if the username didn't exist on [[Special:PasswordReset|Special:PasswordReset]]. Now the page will show the username you entered and tell you an email has been sent if the username exists. This is for better security. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Password_Reset_Update] * On [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] you can see what other pages link to a page. You can see if the link is from a redirect. You can now see which section the redirect links to. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103281] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-03-03|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-03-04|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-03-05|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers are working on a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|new interface]] to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. You can [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|give feedback]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230231] * There is a [[:m:Abuse filter manager/vote|vote]] on the creation of a new user group called [[:m:Abuse filter manager|abuse filter manager]]. The vote runs from March 1 to March 31 on Meta. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>wgMFSpecialCaseMainPage</code> was used for the mobile site. It was deprecated in 2017. It will stop working in April. Wikis should see if they use it. If they do they should fix it. You can [[phab:T246401|read more and ask for help]]. This affects 183 wikis. There is a [[phab:T246401|list]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Mobile_Gateway/Mobile_homepage_formatting#MFSpecialCaseMainPage] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W10"/> 00:36, 3 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19816101 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/11|Tech News: 2020-11]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new search word called <code>articletopic</code>. You can use it to search for articles on a specific topic. It is available on the Arabic, Czech, English and Vietnamese Wikipedias. It will come to more Wikipedias soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240559][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ORES/Articletopic][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Search/articletopic] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 10 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 11 March. It will be on all wikis from 12 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is a plan for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|new requirements for user signatures]]. You can [[mw:Talk:New requirements for user signatures|give feedback]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia Android app]] will do [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Push Notifications for editors|push notifications]] if users want them. This could help you see for example when someone wrote on your talk page or your edit was reverted. This will come later this year. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146032] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W11"/> 17:15, 9 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19881740 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/12|Tech News: 2020-12]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|API]] module for changing the content model of existing pages. Use <code>action=changecontentmodel</code> to specify the new model. You can read the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:ChangeContentModel|documentation on mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107174] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 17 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 18 March. It will be on all wikis from 19 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * If you edit a page at the same time as someone else you can get an edit conflict. There is [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Solution: Two Column Edit Conflict View|a new two-column interface]] to make it easier to solve this. It will soon be active by default on the German, Arabic, and Farsi Wikipedias. It will be on by default on more wikis within the next months. You will be able to opt out of the new interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139601][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244863] * You can see [[:mw:Talk pages project/Updates#12 March 2020|a proposed design]] for replying to comments in an easier way. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W12"/> 21:13, 16 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19899639 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/13|Tech News: 2020-13]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W13"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/13|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Some development will be slower than planned. This is because of the [[:w:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|current pandemic]]. You can see [[:wikitech:Deployments/Covid-19|the new deployment guidelines]]. This is to avoid risks when some persons could be unavailable. * There was a problem when adding interwiki links. The tool you use to add interwiki links could suggest the wrong project to link to. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T247712][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T247562] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 24 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 25 March. It will be on all wikis from 26 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Growth|a project]] to make editing easier for newcomers. The developers are trying to understand what initiatives different Wikipedias have to welcome newcomers. They also want to know which templates are often used for maintenance activities. You can help this project by [[mw:Growth/March 2020 inventory|checking if your wiki's pages are listed on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/13|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W13"/> 17:08, 23 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19899639 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/14|Tech News: 2020-14]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W14"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The beta version of the [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android can now help users [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Suggested Edits 4.0 - Tag Commons images to improve search|add tags]] on Commons. These tags are called [[c:Commons:Depicts|depicts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239690] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 31 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 1 April. It will be on all wikis from 2 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The video player will change to be simpler and more modern. The current beta feature will become the video player for everyone. The old player will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * There is a project to make templates easier to use. The next few weeks the developers will present ideas on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|project page]]. You can watch that page if you are interested in giving feedback. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-March/093240.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/14|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W14"/> 17:26, 30 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19939500 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/15|Tech News: 2020-15]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W15"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/15|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with user pages not being shown properly on desktop. This was because of a bug. It will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248141] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 April. It will be on all wikis from 9 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * MediaWiki will use a newer version of [[:w:en:Unicode|Unicode]]. Some characters that did not have an upper case equivalent before do now. Titles beginning with one of these characters will be moved. A list of these titles can be seen [[phab:P10817|on Phabricator]]. The titles will be renamed by the user <code>Maintenance script</code>. This will start on 13 April 2020. You can rename them before this if you wish and the new title can be different from the one the script would rename it to. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219279] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/15|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W15"/> 19:03, 6 April 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19961136 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/16|Tech News: 2020-16]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W16"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use the <code>[[:mw:Help:CirrusSearch#Articletopic|articletopic]]</code> search word on all Wikipedias. It searches articles by topic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240559] * You can see wiki tools in the new [https://tools.wmflabs.org/tools-gallery/ Tools Gallery]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Technical_Community_Newsletter/2020/April] * You can see edits from the [[:wikitech:Help:Cloud Services Introduction|Wikimedia Cloud Services]] in a new [https://wmcs-edits.wmflabs.org/#wmcs-edits dashboard]. * When you use filters on a history page you sometimes don't see any edits. There is a text explaining this now. Before it was just empty. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227578] * There is a new [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Technical Blog]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_technical_blog_editorial_guidelines] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the Wikidata database last week. Some wikis went down for twenty minutes. Wikidata and other projects showed error messages. Interwiki links were not shown, some tools did not work and other problems. Some of this was fixed quickly. The developers are working on fixing the rest. [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Project_chat&oldid=1153486952#Update_about_the_database_breakage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200407-Wikidata%27s_wb_items_per_site_table_dropped][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249565] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from April 14. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from April 15. It will be on all wikis from April 16 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Some graphs have not worked on mobile. This will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T133085] * The article tab on talk pages of redirects links to the target of the redirect. It could link to the redirect page itself instead. You can [[phab:T5324|leave feedback on this]]. * For pages using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighting]], the use of the deprecated <code><nowiki><source></nowiki></code> tag, as well as the use of the deprecated <code>enclose</code> parameter, will add tracking categories. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/16|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W16"/> 15:31, 13 April 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19979862 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Tech News: 2020-17]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W17"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 4 May 2020. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[m:Small wiki toolkits|small wiki toolkits]] is to help smaller wikis that need technical skills. They can learn and share technical skills. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-April/093296.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Over-qualified CSS selectors in Wikimedia skins have been removed. <code>div#content</code> is now <code>.mw-body</code>. <code>div.portal</code> is now <code>.portal</code>. <code>div#footer</code> is now <code>#footer</code>. This is so the skins can use [[:w:en:HTML5|HTML5]] elements. If your gadgets or user styles used them you will have to update them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248137] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 8|Internet Explorer 8]] in the future. Internet Explorer 8 was replaced in 2011. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248061] * The font in the diffs will change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T250393] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 28 April next week. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 29 April next week. It will be on all wikis from 30 April next week ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W17"/> 18:46, 20 April 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20001327 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/19|Tech News: 2020-19]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W19"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/19|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[phab:T251153|Some wikis]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 5 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200505T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251153] * [[phab:T251157|Some wikis]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 7 May. This will also affect [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CentralAuth|CentralAuth]]. This can for example affect global renames, password changes, changing or confirming your email address and logging in to new wikis. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200507T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251157] '''Changes later this week''' * You can get a notification when someone links to a page you created. You can soon turn these notifications off for individual pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T46787] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.31|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 May. It will be on all wikis from 7 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/19|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W19"/> 17:00, 4 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20041699 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/20|Tech News: 2020-20]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W20"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Everyone can now import photos from [[w:en:Flickr|Flickr]] to Commons with the [[c:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]]. Before this only autopatrollers on Commons could import photos from Flickr. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90004] '''Problems''' * [[phab:T251502|Commons]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 12 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200512T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251502] * [[phab:T251984|Several wikis including Wikidata]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 19 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200519T05 05:00 UTC]. English Wikipedia will be on read-only for a few minutes on 21 May [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200521T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251984][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251985] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.32|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 May. It will be on all wikis from 14 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] JavaScript scripts and gadgets can no longer check multiple keys at once via <code>mw.config.exists()</code> or <code>mw.user.tokens.exists()</code>. You can use <code>exists()</code> or <code>get()</code> to check one at a time instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251855] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/20|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W20"/> 20:42, 11 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20078394 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/21|Tech News: 2020-21]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W21"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you forget your password you can ask for a new one to be sent to your email address. You need to know your email address or your username. You can choose that you need to enter both your email address and your username. This is a preference. This is to get fewer password reset emails someone else asked for. This is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Password_Reset_Update#May_11,_2020][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2020-May/094804.html] '''Problems''' * There is a bug that creates problems for iPhone users with [[:w:en:IOS 13|iOS 13]] and [[w:en:Safari (web browser)|Safari]]. If you use an iPhone to read or edit Wikipedia and see bugs on the mobile site you can [[mw:Skin talk:Minerva Neue|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252223] * [[phab:T251984|Several wikis including Wikidata]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 19 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200519T05 05:00 UTC]. English Wikipedia will be on read-only for a few minutes on 21 May [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200521T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251984][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251985] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android can let users [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Suggested Edits 4.0 - Tag Commons images to improve search (to be released May 2020)|add]] [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Depicts|depicts]] on Commons. The beta version used [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data/Computer-aided tagging|computer-aided tagging]]. This was removed to get more specific depicts. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Suggested_Edits_4.0_-_Tag_Commons_images_to_improve_search_(to_be_released_May_2020)] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graphs]] will be [[:w:en:Rendering (computer graphics)|rendered]] in the reader's browser. This will use [[w:en:JavaScript|Javascript]]. Graphs will hopefully work better for everyone who uses Javascript. It will not work for users who don't use Javascript. This will not affect diagrams in image files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236892] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some CSS for the skins has been simplified. This affects <code>div#p-personal</code>, <code>div#p-navigation</code>, <code>div#p-interaction</code>, <code>div#p-tb</code>, <code>div#p-lang</code>, <code>div#p-namespaces</code>, <code>div#p-variants</code> and <code>div#footer</code>. They will have to remove <code>div</code>. You will have to update your gadgets, scripts or user styles. This is so we can use [[:w:en:HTML5|HTML5]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252467] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some CSS for [[mw:Skin:Vector|the Vector skin]] has been changed. This affects <code>#p-variants</code>, <code>#p-namespaces</code>, <code>#p-personal</code>, <code>#p-views</code> and <code>#p-cactions</code>. They can no longer use <code>> ul</code>. You might need to update your gadgets, scripts or user styles. [[phab:T252447|See how]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W21"/> 17:20, 18 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20078394 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/22|Tech News: 2020-22]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W22"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/22|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * The visual editor will now work in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Modern|Modern skin]]. The changes that needed to happen for this to work could cause problems for some scripts or gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177243] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from May 26. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from May 27. It will be on all wikis from May 28 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/22|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W22"/> 14:18, 25 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20114992 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/23|Tech News: 2020-23]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W23"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new beta version of the [[:c:Commons:Mobile app|Wikimedia Commons app]] for Android. It has a new zoom function when you look at images. It can also suggest places when you upload geotagged photos. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-May/093431.html] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the Commons database on 27 May. Commons could not be edited for eight minutes. Because of this problem the database was moved. This caused another short read-only time on 29 May. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200528-s4_(commonswiki)_on_read-only_for_8_minutes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253808][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253825] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector skin]] had a problem where you couldn't add links to the article in other languages. You couldn't see the section if there were no links to other languages already. It also removed [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation]] links and links to language settings. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252800] '''Changes later this week''' * You can get a notification when someone links to a page you created. You can turn these notifications off for individual pages. You can soon turn them off also in the notifications you get. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T46787] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.35|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 2 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 3 June. It will be on all wikis from 4 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/23|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W23"/> 22:32, 1 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20114992 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|Tech News: 2020-24]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W24"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some articles have tables that can be sorted in different ways. For example a list of countries can be sorted alphabetically but you can click on the size column to sort them by size. If you clicked on the column a second time it would sort the countries from the bottom to the top instead. A third click will now take you back to the original sorting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226697] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint_errors/self-closed-tag|Self-closed tags]] now work as in the [[:w:en:HTML5|HTML5]] specifications. This means you should stop using some of them. <code><nowiki><b/></nowiki></code> is an example of a self-closed tag that won't work. <code>area, base, br, col, embed, hr, img, input, keygen, link, meta, param, source, track, wbr</code> can be self-closed. Pages with tags that should not be self-closed have been listed in [[:wikidata:Q25885956|a tracking category]] since 2016. They will be listed in [[Special:LintErrors/self-closed-tag]]. This doesn't affect <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki><ref /></nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T134423] * There is a banner called <code>WikidataPageBanner</code>. It is for example used by the Wikivoyages, Wikimedia Russia and the Catalan, Basque, Galician and Turkish Wikipedias. It will now been seen by mobile visitors too. Before this it was only seen on desktop. The wikis should update instructions on <code>MediaWiki:Sitenotice</code> so that editors know to test and style for mobile too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254534][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254295] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can now edit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] descriptions through the [[:w:en:Application programming interface|API]]. This is useful for tools and gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226929] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.36|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 9 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 10 June. It will be on all wikis from 11 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A temporary fix helped wikis make their main pages more mobile friendly. This was in 2012. It has not been recommended since 2017. It will not work after 13 July. Wikis should use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] instead. 118 wikis need to fix this. You can [[phab:T254287|read more and see if your wiki is affected]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254287] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W24"/> 21:12, 8 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20156271 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/25|Tech News: 2020-25]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W25"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[m:Toolforge|Toolforge]] hosts several tools created by the Wikimedia community like edit counters or enhanced editors. It is changing the domain from '''tools.wmflabs.org''' to '''toolforge.org'''. The routing scheme is moving from '''tools.wmflabs.org/toolname''' to '''toolname.toolforge.org'''. You can [[:wikitech:News/Toolforge.org|read the details]]. Tools that use OAuth will have to be updated to keep working. You can [[:wikitech:Help:Cloud_ Services Introduction|ask for help]]. '''Problems''' * There is a Wikidata item link in the sidebar on many pages. This disappeared for a couple of days for users who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|Monobook]] skin. This was because of a bug. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254485] * Editing, logging in and logging out didn't work properly for a short period of time last week. It was soon fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T255179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 June. It will be on all wikis from 18 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is a Python [[:w:en:Library (computing)|library]] to automate work on wikis. It will not support [[:w:en:Python (programming language)|Python 2]] after the new version in July. Support for Python 3.4 and MediaWiki below 1.19 will also be dropped. You should migrate to Python 3. You can [[:phab:T242120|ask for help]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot-announce/2020-June/000015.html] * The selectors <code>.menu</code> and <code>.vectorMenu</code> will no longer work in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector]] skin. This can affect gadgets and user scripts. <code>.menu</code> should be replaced by <code>ul</code>. <code>.vectorMenu</code> should be replaced by <code>.vector-menu</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254797] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/25|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W25"/> 21:38, 15 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20156271 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|Tech News: 2020-26]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W26"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|new tools]] to make it easier for newcomers to start editing. They are available on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/growthexperiments.dblist some wikis]. These wikis had a problem with the visual editor for a short period of time last week. This was because of a bug in the new tools. It was soon fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T255607] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some user scripts and gadgets stopped working because of a change to [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] selectors. <code>.vectorTabs</code> should be replaced with <code>.vector-menu-tabs</code> to fix this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T255718] '''Changes later this week''' * The developers are working on a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|new interface]] to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This will be released on 24 June. You can [[mw:mw:Help talk:Paragraph-based Edit Conflict Interface|give feedback]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230231] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.38|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 23 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 24 June. It will be on all wikis from 25 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A temporary fix helped wikis make their main pages more mobile friendly. This was in 2012. It has not been recommended since 2017. It will not work after 13 July. Wikis should use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] instead. 91 wikis still need to fix this. You can [[phab:T254287|read more and see if your wiki is affected]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254287] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W26"/> 18:49, 22 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20156271 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|Tech News: 2020-27]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W27"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Everyone was logged out. This was because a few users saw the wikis as if they were logged in to someone else's account. The problem should be fixed now. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-June/093543.html] * Some readers didn't see new edits to pages. If the page had been recently changed they saw an older version of the page instead. This only affected readers who were logged out. It lasted for ten days. It has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.39|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 1 July. It will be on all wikis from 1 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Modern|Modern]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Monobook|Monobook]] skins use the ID <code>searchGoButton</code> for the go button. This is <code>searchButton</code> for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector]]. To have the same ID for all skins it will change to <code>searchButton</code> in Monobook and Modern too. This will affect gadgets and user scripts. It will happen on 23 July. They should be updated to use <code>searchButton</code>. You can [[phab:T255953|read more and see a list of affected scripts]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W27"/> 16:31, 29 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/28|Tech News: 2020-28]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W28"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/28|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguageExtension:Score|Score]] extension has been disabled for now. This is because of a security issue. It will work again as soon as the security issue has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257066] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.40|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 July. It will be on all wikis from 9 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Abstract Wikipedia is a new Wikimedia project. It will collect language-independent information that can be easily read in different languages. It builds on Wikidata. The name is preliminary. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|read more]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093571.html] * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]] developers are thinking about new experimental tools. If you use an iPhone you can help them by [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/2020 survey|answering the survey]]. * Some [[mw:New requirements for user signatures#Outcome|rules for user signatures]] will soon be enforced. [[Special:LintErrors|Lint errors]] and invalid HTML will no longer be allowed in user signatures. Nested substitution will not be allowed. A link to your user page, user talk page or user contributions will be required. You can [https://signatures.toolforge.org/check check if your signature works with the new rules]. This is because the signatures can cause problems for tools or other text on the page. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/28|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W28"/> 20:19, 6 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/29|Tech News: 2020-29]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W29"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users can [[mw:Extension:Thanks|thank]] others for their edits. [[mw:Extension:CheckUser|Checkusers]] can now see user data related to that action. This can help identify [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] who harass others using thanks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252226] '''Problems''' * Everyone was logged out a couple of weeks ago to fix a security problem. The problem was not entirely fixed. Because of this everyone was logged out once again last week. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-June/093543.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2020-July/002327.html] '''Changes later this week''' * Wikis that are not for one specific language can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|translate]] pages. Sometimes parts of translations are outdated or missing. Outdated translations are marked with a <span style="background-color:#fdd">pink background</span>. Missing translations will also be marked in the future. This markup can sometimes break things. It can soon be disabled by using <code><translate nowrap></translate></code> on the source page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256625] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.41|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 14 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 15 July. It will be on all wikis from 16 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikimedia code review plans to use [[:w:en:GitLab|GitLab]]. It would be hosted on Wikimedia servers. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093577.html][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Technical_Community_Newsletter/2020/July][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Vpbt50rwxgb2r6qn][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093607.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/29|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W29"/> 16:30, 13 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Tech News: 2020-30]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W30"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A temporary fix helped wikis make their main pages more mobile friendly. This was in 2012. It has not been recommended since 2017. The mobile main page special casing stopped working 14 July. 60 wikis now have main pages that don't work well on mobile. You can see which ones, how to fix it and how to get help [[phab:T254287|in Phabricator]]. This is the same problem that was reported in Tech News [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|2020/24]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|2020/26]]. '''Problems''' * There is a problem with the interlanguage links. The interlanguage links are the links that help you find a specific page in a different language. The sorting is broken. The developers are working on a solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257625] * Some users keep getting the notifications for the same event. Some of these are old events. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257714] * Some users have trouble logging in. This is probably a [[:w:en:HTTP cookie|browser cookie]] problem. The developers are working on understanding the problem. If you have trouble logging in you can see the details [[phab:T258121|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258121] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 21 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 22 July. It will be on all wikis from 23 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is a <code>{{int:printableversion}}</code> link. This will disappear. That is because web browsers today can create a printable version or show how it will look in print anyway. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167956] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W30"/> 19:06, 20 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/31|Tech News: 2020-31]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W31"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Small wiki toolkits/Starter kit|Starter kit]] is now available for wiki communities. This page lists technical resources, tools, and recommendations. These are essential to operate a wiki project. This is mostly useful for smaller wikis where the community has limited experience with this. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093633.html] * The first features of the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project are available for logged-in users on all wikis. In order to use them, uncheck ''{{int:prefs-vector-enable-vector-1-label}}'' in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|local]] or [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|global]] preferences in section ''{{int:prefs-skin-prefs}}''. More improvements are planned. [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Feedback is welcome]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] On multiple wikis, a UTCLiveClock gadget is available. For wikis that import the gadget [[:mw:MediaWiki:Gadget-UTCLiveClock.js|directly from mediawiki.org]], end users can now [[mw:MediaWiki_talk:Gadget-UTCLiveClock.js#Time_zones|choose a different timezone to show instead of UTC]]. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The deployment train for MediaWiki has been blocked this week. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093640.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257969] * Translation Notification Bot was sending the same message multiple times to every translator. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144780] * Some users were receiving the same notification multiple times. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257766] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from July 28. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from July 29. It will be on all wikis from JUly 30 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/31|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W31"/> 13:53, 27 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/32|Tech News: 2020-32]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W32"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/32|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * All queries to the [[mw:Wikidata Query Service|Wikidata Query Service]] failed between 17:50 and 17:59 UTC on Thursday 23 July. Some queries failed during a longer period. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200723-wdqs-outage] * Interlanguage links were ordered incorrectly for the past few weeks. This problem was also mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Tech News two weeks ago]]. The problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257625] * There is a problem with the [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|global preferences]] for the "{{int:prefs-vector-enable-vector-1-label}}" option. Developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258493] * A bug in the Wikibase extension had disabled the "move" and "create" types of protection in the main (Gallery) namespace on Wikimedia Commons. New protections could not be added, and existing protections were not enforced, allowing some page moves and page creations that should not have been possible. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258323] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS Player|video player]] will change to be simpler and more modern. This week, the current beta feature will become the video player for everyone on most non-Wikipedia wikis. The old player will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * Users' <code>global.js</code> and <code>global.css</code> pages will now also be loaded on the mobile site. You can read [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalCssJs#Per-skin_customization|documentation]] for how to avoid applying styles to the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138727] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]] skin, the <code>searchGoButton</code> identifier is now <code>searchButton</code>. This may affect CSS and JS gadgets. Migration instructions can be found in [[phab:T255953|T255953]]. This was previously mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|issue 27]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bot operators can use Pywikibot to regularly archive discussions. The behavior when the bot uses <code>counter</code> to prevent large archives was changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T215247] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from August 4. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from August 5. It will be on all wikis from August 6 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/32|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W32"/> 15:43, 3 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20336426 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/33|Tech News: 2020-33]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W33"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter and FileExporter]] became standard features on all Wikis during the first week of August. They help you transfer files from local wikis to Wikimedia Commons with the original file information and history intact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140462] '''Problems''' * The mobile skin displays a message at the bottom of the page about who edited last. This message showed raw wikitext. This has now been fixed. Some messages in [[mw:Structured Discussions|Structured Discussions]] and [[mw:Content translation|content translation]] may still appear as raw wikitext. Developers are working on it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259565] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from August 11. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from August 12. It will be on all wikis from August 13 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 1. This is planned between 13:30 and 15:30 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243314][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244808] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/33|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W33"/> 16:06, 10 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20353642 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/34|Tech News: 2020-34]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W34"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you revert an edit using the undo link your edit is marked with an <code>undo</code> tag. This will now only happen if you don't change anything in the edit window before publishing the undo. This is to keep users from marking edits as undos when they actually do something else. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259014] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OOUI|OOUI version]] will not work with [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 8|Internet Explorer 8]]. This means the wikis will look strange and not work well in Internet Explorer 8. This was reported in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Tech/News/2020/17]]. This is because keeping the wikis working with very old browsers creates other problems. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-August/093718.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 August. It will be on all wikis from 20 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 1. This is planned between 13:30 and 15:30 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis next week. This is a reminder. You can help by [[m:Tech/Server switch 2020|translating the announcement message]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243314][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244808] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/34|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W34"/> 20:41, 17 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20366028 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Tech News: 2020-35]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W35"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 August. It will be on all wikis from 27 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W35"/> 17:59, 24 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20389773 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Tech News: 2020-35]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W35"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 August. It will be on all wikis from 27 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W35"/> 11:12, 26 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20389773 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/36|Tech News: 2020-36]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W36"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/36|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * This is a reminder. All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 1. This is planned between 14:00 and 15:00 UTC. Please check on the details on [[m:Tech/Server switch 2020|the announcement message]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243314][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244808] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/36|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W36"/> 20:12, 31 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20411995 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/37|Tech News: 2020-37]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W37"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/37|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * Normally pages can be moved to a title that has no existing page yet or to a page that has only one revision, which is a redirect to the page to be moved. A new user right allows editors to move pages over one-revision pages that redirect to anywhere. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239277] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 8 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 9 September. It will be on all wikis from 10 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] All MediaWiki [[:w:en:API|API]] modules will now use <code>watchlist</code> instead of <code>watch</code>. This was inconsistent before. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T247915] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]] team might work on patrolling tools in the future. You can let them know what tools would be useful for you or for less experienced patrollers. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Patrolling conversation|page on mediawiki.org]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/OTRS|OTRS]] will be updated to a new version. This will probably take around two days. OTRS agents will not have access to the system during these days. Emails that come in during the update will be delivered when the update is done. The plan is to start around 08:00 UTC on 14 September. This could change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187984] * The Wikipedia Android app will send [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Push Notifications for editors|push notifications]] if users want them. This could help you see for example when someone wrote on your talk page or your edit was reverted. This will need [[:w:en:Google Play Services|Google Play Services]] to work. It will also be possible to get the app without Google Play Services but push notifications will not work. Google Play Services is also used to make the app work for [[:w:en:Android KitKat|Android 4.4]] users. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android#Updates][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146032] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikimedia code review could move to [[:w:en:GitLab|GitLab]]. It would be hosted on Wikimedia servers. You can take part in the [[mw:GitLab consultation|consultation]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Dropdown menus in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|the Vector skin]] use a <code>.menu</code> class. This will not work in the future. Scripts can use <code>nav ul</code> instead. <code>.vectorTabs</code> and <code>.vectorMenu</code> will also not work. Some scripts need to be updated. You can [[phab:T262092|read more in Phabricator]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/37|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W37"/> 16:00, 7 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20427670 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Tech News: 2020-38]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia apps]] briefly showed pages without [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] last week. This meant they looked wrong. It was quickly fixed but cached pages without CSS were shown for a few hours. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200909-mobileapps_config_change][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262437] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 15 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 16 September. It will be on all wikis from 17 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W38"/> 16:19, 14 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20446737 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Tech News: 2020-38]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia apps]] briefly showed pages without [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] last week. This meant they looked wrong. It was quickly fixed but cached pages without CSS were shown for a few hours. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200909-mobileapps_config_change][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262437] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 15 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 16 September. It will be on all wikis from 17 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W38"/> 00:19, 15 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20446737 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/39|Tech News: 2020-39]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W39"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new tag for reverted edits. For example you can see it in the recent changes feed or in the article history. It is added to edits when they have been undone, rollbacked or manually reverted to an older version of the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254074][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164307] '''Changes later this week''' * The number of times you can do something in a period of time on wiki is limited. This could be the number of edits per minute or the number of users you email in a day. Some users are not affected by all limits because of their user rights. They could soon see the limit even if it does not affect them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258888] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 22 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 23 September. It will be on all wikis from 24 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/39|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W39"/> 21:28, 21 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20461072 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/40|Tech News: 2020-40]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Admins can now see links to diffs of deleted revisions on [[Special:AbuseLog|Special:AbuseLog]]. This uses the interface of [[Special:Undelete|Special:Undelete]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261630] * Editors are automatically added to some user groups. For example editors are added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed users]] when they have edited enough times and long enough. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|Abuse filters]] can hinder users from automatically getting user rights for a period of time. They can also remove rights user have. Wikis can now ask to change how long this period of time is for their wiki [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projectPHIDs=Wikimedia-Site-requests in Phabricator]. It is currently five days. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T231756] '''Problems''' * [[m:Tech/News/2019/34|Last year]] some abuse filters stopped working because of a new change. If they tried to use variables that were unavailable for that action they would fail. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230256] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 29 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 30 September. It will be on all wikis from 1 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can't see the language links to other language versions from the talk page or history page. They are also not shown when you edit an article. This could change. It is not decided if for example the history page should link to another history page or to the article. You can take part in the [[phab:T262472|discussion in Phabricator]]. * The link colours could change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. You can [[phab:T213778|read more in Phabricator]]. * In your preferences you can choose to get different notifications on the web or by email. You will see <code>Apps</code> as one of the alternatives later this week. This is because the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps|Android and iOS Wikipedia apps]] will use push notifications for those who want them. You can see the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo preferences] on the test wiki. The goal is to have push notifications on Android in October and on iOS in early 2021. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262936] * You can soon put pages on your watchlist for a limited time. This could be useful if you want to watch something for a shorter time but don't want it on your watchlist forever. It now works on [[mw:MediaWiki|mediawiki.org]] and will come to more wikis later. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry|read more]] and [[m:Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry/Release Schedule|see when it will come to other wikis]]. * You can see what Wikimedians think are the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|best new technical tools this year]]. You can also nominate them. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W40"/> 21:24, 28 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20483264 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Tech News: 2020-41]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [https://consultation-stats.toolforge.org/ new tool] where you can see which home wiki users have in discussions on Meta. This can help show which communities are not part of the discussion on wikis where we make decisions that affect many other wikis. * You can now thank users for file uploads or for changing the language of a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254992] '''Problems''' * There were many errors with the new MediaWiki version last week. The new version was rolled back. Updates that should have happened last week are late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263177] * Everyone was logged out. This was because a user reported being logged in to someone else's account. The problem should be fixed now. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093922.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Many pages have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2020/09/28/diving-into-wikipedias-ocean-of-errors/ read more] and now [[:w:en:User:Jdlrobson/User scripts with client errors|see a list of user scripts with errors]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 October. It will be on all wikis from 8 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Letters immediately after a link are shown as part of the link. For example the entire word in <code><nowiki>[[Child]]ren</nowiki></code> is linked. On Arabic wikis this works at both the start and end of a word. Previously on Arabic wikis numbers and other non-letter Unicode characters were shown as part of the link at the start of a word but not at the end. Now only Latin and Arabic letters will extend links on Arabic wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263266] '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 27 October around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W41"/> 16:25, 5 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20515061 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Tech News: 2020-41]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [https://consultation-stats.toolforge.org/ new tool] where you can see which home wiki users have in discussions on Meta. This can help show which communities are not part of the discussion on wikis where we make decisions that affect many other wikis. * You can now thank users for file uploads or for changing the language of a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254992] '''Problems''' * There were many errors with the new MediaWiki version last week. The new version was rolled back. Updates that should have happened last week are late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263177] * Everyone was logged out. This was because a user reported being logged in to someone else's account. The problem should be fixed now. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093922.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Many pages have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2020/09/28/diving-into-wikipedias-ocean-of-errors/ read more] and now [[:w:en:User:Jdlrobson/User scripts with client errors|see a list of user scripts with errors]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 October. It will be on all wikis from 8 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Letters immediately after a link are shown as part of the link. For example the entire word in <code><nowiki>[[Child]]ren</nowiki></code> is linked. On Arabic wikis this works at both the start and end of a word. Previously on Arabic wikis numbers and other non-letter Unicode characters were shown as part of the link at the start of a word but not at the end. Now only Latin and Arabic letters will extend links on Arabic wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263266] '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 27 October around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W41"/> 17:25, 5 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20515061 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/42|Tech News: 2020-42]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/42|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Because of the problems with the MediaWiki version two weeks ago last week's updates are also late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263177][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263178][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093944.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Live preview|Live previews]] didn't show the templates used in the preview if you just edited a section. This has now been fixed. You can also test [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] pages even if you have the live preview enabled. Previously this didn't work well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T102286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 13 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 14 October. It will be on all wikis from 15 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] A new stable version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is coming soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot/2020-October/010056.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W42"/> 15:25, 12 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20528295 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/43|Tech News: 2020-43]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W43"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/43|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-10-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-10-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-10-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 {{#time:j xg|2020-10-27|en}} around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, the <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> function will be updated soon so that it does not remove the "space" character. Wikis are advised to wrap all the uses of <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> with <code dir=ltr>rmwhitespace()</code> wherever necessary to keep filters' behavior unchanged. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263024] * Some gadgets and user-scripts use the HTML div with the ID <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap;">#jump-to-nav</code>. This div will be removed soon. Maintainers should replace these uses with either <code dir=ltr>#siteSub</code> or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap;">#mw-content-text</code>. A list of affected scripts is at the top of [[phab:T265373]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/43|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W43"/> 16:32, 19 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20550811 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Tech News: 2020-44]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 October 27 around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] * Last week, links to "diffs" from mobile watchlists and recentchanges were linking to page-revisions instead of diffs. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265654] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Since the introduction of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrators]] user group in 2018, administrators couldn’t view the deleted history of CSS/JS pages. Now they can. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202989] * There was a problem with the [[Special:Tags|Change Tags]]. The software would apply the "{{int:Tag-mw-reverted}}" tag to any page actions such as page-protection changes if they came directly after a reverted edit. This has now been fixed for new edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265312] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|Reply tool]] will be offered as an opt-in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] on most Wikipedias in November. Another announcement will be made once the date is finalized. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W44"/> 17:39, 26 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20574890 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Tech News: 2020-44]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 October 27 around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] * Last week, links to "diffs" from mobile watchlists and recentchanges were linking to page-revisions instead of diffs. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265654] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Since the introduction of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrators]] user group in 2018, administrators couldn’t view the deleted history of CSS/JS pages. Now they can. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202989] * There was a problem with the [[Special:Tags|Change Tags]]. The software would apply the "{{int:Tag-mw-reverted}}" tag to any page actions such as page-protection changes if they came directly after a reverted edit. This has now been fixed for new edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265312] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|Reply tool]] will be offered as an opt-in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] on most Wikipedias in November. Another announcement will be made once the date is finalized. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W44"/> 19:23, 26 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20574890 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/45|Tech News: 2020-45]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W45"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can no longer read Wikimedia wikis if your browser uses very old [[:w:en:Transport Layer Security|TLS]]. This is because it is a security problem for everyone. It could lead to [[:w:en:Downgrade attack|downgrade attacks]]. Since October 29, 2020, users who use old TLS versions will not be able to connect to Wikimedia projects. A list of [[:wikitech:HTTPS/Browser Recommendations|browser recommendations]] is available. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258405] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new automatic [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking categories|tracking category]] available: [[:{{ns:14}}:{{MediaWiki:nonnumeric-formatnum}}|Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments]]. It collects pages which use the <code><nowiki>{{formatnum}}</nowiki></code> parser function with invalid (non-numeric) input, ''e.g.'' <code><nowiki>{{formatnum:TECHNEWS}}</nowiki></code>. Note that <code><nowiki>{{formatnum:123,456}}</nowiki></code> is also invalid input: as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#formatnum|documentation]], the argument should be <u>unformatted</u> so that it can be reliably and correctly localised. The tracking category will help identify problematic usage and double-formatting. The new tracking category's name can be [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&showMessage=nonnumeric-formatnum&group=core&optional=1&action=translate translated at translatewiki]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237467] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from November 3. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from November 4. It will be on all wikis from November 5 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Administrators and stewards will be able to use a special page (Special:CreateLocalAccount) to force local account creation for a global account. This is useful when account creation is blocked for that user (by a block or a filter). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259721] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|Reply tool]] will be offered as an opt-in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] on most Wikipedias on November 4. This change excludes the English, Russian, and German-language Wikipedias, plus a few smaller Wikipedias with special circumstances. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|the help page]] and [[mw:Help:DiscussionTools/Why can't I reply to this comment?|the troubleshooting guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266303] '''Future changes''' * A discussion has been restarted about using a Unicode minus sign (− U+2212) in the output of <code><nowiki>{{formatnum}}</nowiki></code> when it is given a negative argument. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T10327] * In the future [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|IP addresses of unregistered users will not be shown for everyone]]. They will get an alias instead. There will be a new user right or an opt-in function for more vandal fighters to see the IPs of unregistered users. There would be some criteria for who gets the user right or opt-in. There will also be other new tools to help handle vandalism. This is early in the process and the developers are still collecting information from the communities before they suggest solutions. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/45|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W45"/> 16:10, 2 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20604769 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/46|Tech News: 2020-46]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W46"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/46|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * You can see [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|reference previews]]. This shows a preview of the footnote when you hover over it. This has been a [[mw:Beta Features|beta feature]]. It will move out of beta and be enabled by default. There will be an option not to use it. The developers are looking for small or medium-sized wikis to be the first ones. You can [[m:User talk:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|let them know]] if your wiki is interested. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2020-November/002373.html] * From November 16 the categories will not be sorted in order for a short time. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|internationalisation library]]. They will use a script to fix the existing categories. This can take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264991][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/46|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W46"/> 15:50, 9 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20634159 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/47|Tech News: 2020-47]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W47"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 16 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for most languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264991][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] '''Changes later this week''' * If you merged two pages in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespace]] where pages can't redirect this used to break the merge history. This will now be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T93469] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-11-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-11-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-11-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey]] is now open for proposals. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals from 16 to 30 November. You can vote on proposals from 8 December to 21 December. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/47|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W47"/> 15:37, 16 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20669023 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/48|Tech News: 2020-48]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W48"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Timestamps in [[Special:Log|Special:Log]] are now links. They go to Special:Log for only that entry. This is how timestamps work on for example the history page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T207562] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikimedia [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] hosts technical projects for the Wikimedia movement. Developers need to [[wikitech:News/Cloud VPS 2020 Purge|claim projects]] they use. This is because old and unused projects are removed once a year. Unclaimed projects can be shut down from 1 December. Unclaimed projects can be deleted from 1 January. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-November/094054.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/48|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W48"/> 17:19, 23 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20698111 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/49|Tech News: 2020-49]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W49"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/49|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]] will show readers more of the article history. They can see new updates and easier see how the article has changed over time. This is an experiment. It will first be shown only to some iOS app users as a [[:w:en:A/B testing|test]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T241253][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Breaking_Down_the_Wall] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[wikitech:Wiki replicas|Wiki Replicas]] can be used for [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries. You can use [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ Quarry], [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS PAWS] or other ways to do this. To make the Wiki Replicas stable there will be two changes. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work. You can also only query a database if you connect to it directly. This will happen in February 2021. If you think this affects you and you need help you can [[phab:T268498|post on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Wiki_Replicas_2020_Redesign] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/49|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W49"/> 17:45, 30 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20728523 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Tech News: 2020-50]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now put pages on your watchlist for a limited period of time. Some wikis already had this function. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Watchlist_Expiry][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Watchlist_expiry] '''Changes later this week''' * Information from Wikidata that is used on a wiki page can be shown in recent changes and watchlists on a Wikimedia wiki. To see this you need to turn on showing Wikidata edits in your watchlist in the preferences. Changes to the Wikidata description in the language of a Wikimedia wiki will then be shown in recent changes and watchlists. This will not show edits to languages that are not relevant to your wiki. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014402.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191831] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 8 December and 21 December. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W50"/> 16:15, 7 December 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20754641 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Tech News: 2020-51]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. It was released in India in September. It can now be downloaded in other countries too. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/12/10/growing-wikipedias-reach-with-an-app-for-kaios-feature-phones/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W51"/> 21:34, 14 December 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20803489 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Tech News: 2020-52]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W52"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 11 January 2021. '''Recent changes''' * The <code><nowiki>{{citation needed}}</nowiki></code> template shows when a statement in a Wikipedia article needs a source. If you click on it when you edit with the visual editor there is a popup that explains this. Now it can also show the reason and when it was added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270107] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * You can [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Ideas|propose and discuss]] what technical improvements should be done for geographic information. This could be coordinates, maps or other related things. * Some wikis use [[mw:Writing systems/LanguageConverter|LanguageConverter]] to switch between writing systems or variants of a language. This can only be done for the entire page. There will be a <code><nowiki><langconvert></nowiki></code> tag that can convert a piece of text on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263082] * Oversighters and stewards can hide entries in [[Special:AbuseLog|Special:AbuseLog]]. They can soon hide multiple entries at once using checkboxes. This works like hiding normal edits. It will happen in early January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W52"/> 20:54, 21 December 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20833836 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Tech News: 2021-02]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can choose to be reminded when you have not added an edit summary. This can be done in your preferences. This could conflict with the [[:w:en:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]]. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12729] * You can link to specific log entries. You can get these links for example by clicking the timestamps in the log. Until now, such links to private log entries showed no entry even if you had permission to view private log entries. The links now show the entry. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269761] * Admins can use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter tool]] to automatically prevent bad edits. Three changes happened last week: ** The filter editing interface now shows syntax errors while you type. This is similar to JavaScript pages. It also shows a warning for regular expressions that match the empty string. New warnings will be added later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187686] ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:Oversighters|Oversighters]] can now hide multiple filter log entries at once using checkboxes on [[Special:AbuseLog]]. This is how the usual revision deletion works. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904] ** When a filter matches too many actions after it has been changed it is "throttled". The most powerful actions are disabled. This is to avoid many editors getting blocked when an administrator made a mistake. The administrator will now get a notification about this "throttle". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new tool to [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/add build new skins]. You can also [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/ see] existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Skins|skins]]. You can [[mw:User talk:Jdlrobson|give feedback]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-December/094130.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bots using the API no longer watch pages automatically based on account preferences. Setting the <code>watchlist</code> to <code>watch</code> will still work. This is to reduce the size of the watchlist data in the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258108] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto's]] [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#File metadata|file metadata]] now includes length. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209679] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code pages now have link anchors to [https://patchdemo.wmflabs.org/wikis/40e4795d4448b55a6d8c46ff414bcf78/w/index.php/MediaWiki:En.js#L-125 line numbers]. You can use wikilinks like [[:w:en:MediaWiki:Common.js#L-50]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29531] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] There was a [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki last week. You can read [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25/Changelog|a detailed log]] of all 763 changes. Most of them are very small and will not affect you. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W02"/> 15:42, 11 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20950047 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Tech News: 2021-03]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth team]] plans to add features to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer tasks/Experiment analysis, November 2020|get more visitors to edit]] to more Wikipedias. You can help [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-growthexperiments&language=&filter=&action=translate translating the interface]. * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] posts could be automatically timestamped in the future. This is because MassMessage senders can now send pages using MassMessage. Pages are more difficult to sign. If there are times when a MassMessage post should not be timestamped you can [[phab:T270435|let the developers know]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W03"/> 16:10, 18 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20974628 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Tech News: 2021-04]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. You will not be able to read or edit [[:wikitech:Main Page|Wikitech]] for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210128T09 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} at 09:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272388] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|Bracket matching]] will be added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] syntax highlighter on the first wikis. The first wikis are German and Catalan Wikipedia and maybe other Wikimedia wikis. This will happen on 27 January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270238] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W04"/> 18:31, 25 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21007423 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Tech News: 2021-04]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. You will not be able to read or edit [[:wikitech:Main Page|Wikitech]] for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210128T09 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} at 09:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272388] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|Bracket matching]] will be added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] syntax highlighter on the first wikis. The first wikis are German and Catalan Wikipedia and maybe other Wikimedia wikis. This will happen on 27 January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270238] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W04"/> 20:48, 25 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21007423 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Tech News: 2021-05]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[:w:en:IPv6|IPv6 addresses]] were written in lowercase letters in diffs. This caused dead links since [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] only accepted uppercase letters for the IPs. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272225] '''Changes later this week''' * You can soon use Wikidata to link to pages on the multilingual Wikisource. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138332] * Often editors use a "non-breaking space" to make a gap between two items when reading but still show them together. This can be used to avoid a line break. You will now be able to add new ones via the special character tool in the 2010, 2017, and visual editors. The character will be shown in the visual editor as a space with a grey background. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T70429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T96666] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=| Advanced item]] Wikis use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to stop bad edits being made. Filter maintainers can now use syntax like <code>1.2.3.4 - 1.2.3.55</code> as well as the <code>1.2.3.4/27</code> syntax for IP ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] is the skin Wikimedia wikis use for mobile traffic. When a page is protected and you can't edit it you can normally read the source wikicode. This doesn't work on Minerva on mobile devices. This is being fixed. Some text might overlap. This is because your community needs to update [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext|MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to work on mobile. You can [[phab:T208827|read more]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Inline_styles_should_not_use_properties_that_impact_sizing_and_positioning][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Avoid_tables_for_anything_except_data] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] will change the IP address they use to contact the wikis. The new IP address will be <code>185.15.56.1</code>. This will happen on February 8. You can [[:wikitech:News/CloudVPS NAT wikis|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W05"/> 22:39, 1 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21033195 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Tech News: 2021-06]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android now has watchlists and talk pages in the app. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.wikipedia] '''Changes later this week''' * You can see edits to chosen pages on [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]]. You can add pages to your watchlist on every wiki you like. The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|GlobalWatchlist]] extension will come to Meta on 11 February. There you can see entries on watched pages on different wikis on the same page. The new watchlist will be found on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] on Meta. You can choose which wikis to watch and other preferences on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings|Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings]] on Meta. You can watch up to five wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260862] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * When admins [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages|protect]] pages the form will use the [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. [[Special:Import|Special:Import]] will also get the new look. This will make them easier to use on mobile phones. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235424][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108792] * Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[m:Tech/News/2021/05|Last week]] Tech News reported that the IP address [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] use to contact the wikis will change on 8 February. This is delayed. It will happen later instead. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/CloudVPS_NAT_wikis] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W06"/> 17:42, 8 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21082948 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Tech News: 2021-07]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There were problems with recent versions of MediaWiki. Because the updates caused problems the developers rolled back to an earlier version. Some updates and new functions will come later than planned. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094255.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094271.html] * Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.31|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W07"/> 17:56, 15 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21105437 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Tech News: 2021-08]] == <div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The visual editor will now use [[:c:Commons:Structured data/Media search|MediaSearch]] to find images. You can search for images on Commons in the visual editor when you are looking for illustrations. This is to help editors find better images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259896] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighter]] now works with more languages: [[:w:en:Futhark (programming language)|Futhark]], [[:w:en:Graphviz|Graphviz]]/[[:w:en:DOT (graph description language)|DOT]], CDDL and AMDGPU. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274741] '''Problems''' * Editing a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EasyTimeline|timeline]] might have removed all text from it. This was because of a bug and has been fixed. You might need to edit the timeline again for it to show properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274822] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.32|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a [[:m:Wikimedia Rust developers user group|user group]] for developers and users interested in working on Wikimedia wikis with the [[:w:en:Rust (programming language)|Rust programming language]]. You can join or tell others who want to make your wiki better in the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div> ---- 00:18, 23 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21134058 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Tech News: 2021-09]] == <div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth team tools]] can now show the name of a newcomer's mentor anywhere [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship/Integrating_mentorship|through a magic word]]. This can be used for welcome messages or userboxes. * A new version of the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:VideoCutTool|VideoCutTool]] is now available. It enables cropping, trimming, audio disabling, and rotating video content. It is being created as part of the developer outreach programs. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Job queue|job queue]]. This meant some functions did not save changes and mass messages were delayed. This did not affect wiki edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275437] * Some editors may not be logged in to their accounts automatically in the latest versions of Firefox and Safari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226797] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.33|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div> ---- 19:08, 1 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21161722 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Tech News: 2021-10]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section translation]] now works on Bengali Wikipedia. It helps mobile editors translate sections of articles. It will come to more wikis later. The first focus is active wikis with a smaller number of articles. You can [https://sx.wmflabs.org/index.php/Main_Page test it] and [[mw:Talk:Content translation/Section translation|leave feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] now give admins the review right. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275293] * When someone links to a Wikipedia article on Twitter this will now show a preview of the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276185] '''Problems''' * Many graphs have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. Graph editors can check their graphs in their browser's developer console after editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275833] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Talk pages project/New discussion|New Discussion]] tool will soon be a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|discussion tools]] beta feature for on most Wikipedias. The goal is to make it easier to start new discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275257] '''Future changes''' * There will be a number of changes to make it easier to work with templates. Some will come to the first wikis in March. Other changes will come to the first wikis in June. This is both for those who use templates and those who create or maintain them. You can [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|read more]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on some wikis on 17 March. They will share a setting with [[mw:Page Previews|Page Previews]]. If you prefer the Reference Tooltips or Navigation-Popups gadget you can keep using them. If so Reference Previews won't be shown. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * New JavaScript-based functions will not work in [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 11|Internet Explorer 11]]. This is because Internet Explorer is an old browser that doesn't work with how JavaScript is written today. Everything that works in Internet Explorer 11 today will continue working in Internet Explorer for now. You can [[mw:Compatibility/IE11|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W10"/> 17:51, 8 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21175593 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Tech News: 2021-11]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis that are part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|desktop improvements]] project can now use a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Search|search function]]. The desktop improvements and the new search will come to more wikis later. You can also [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#Deployment plan and timeline|test it early]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Editors who put up banners or change site-wide [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code should use the [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/000000566/overview?viewPanel=16&orgId=1 client error graph] to see that their changes has not caused problems. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/03/08/sailing-steady%e2%80%8a-%e2%80%8ahow-you-can-help-keep-wikimedia-sites-error-free read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276296] '''Problems''' * Due to [[phab:T276968|database issues]] the [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org Wikimedia Beta Cluster] was read-only for over a day. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can add a [[:w:en:Newline|newline]] or [[:w:en:Carriage return|carriage return]] character to a custom signature if you use a template. There is a proposal to not allow them in the future. This is because they can cause formatting problems. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/New_requirements_for_user_signatures#Additional_proposal_(2021)][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272322] * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|12 wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can use [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ Quarry] for [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the [[wikitech:Wiki replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work from 23 March. There will be a new field to specify the database to connect to. If you think this affects you and you need help you can [[phab:T268498|post on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS PAWS] and other ways to do [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the Wiki Replicas will be affected later. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Wiki_Replicas_2020_Redesign] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W11"/> 23:23, 15 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21226057 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Tech News: 2021-12]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. They don't have a touch screen so readers navigate with the phone keys. There is now a [https://wikimedia.github.io/wikipedia-kaios/sim.html simulator] so you can see what it looks like. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|new discussion tool]] are now available as the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] in almost all wikis except German Wikipedia. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|twelve wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This can also affect password changes, logging in to new wikis, global renames and changing or confirming emails. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.36|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[:w:en:Syntax highlighting|Syntax highlighting]] colours will change to be easier to read. This will soon come to the [[phab:T276346|first wikis]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting] '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] will no longer have multiple tags like "tone" or "depth". It will also only have one tier. This was changed because very few wikis used these features and they make the tool difficult to maintain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185664][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts can access variables about the current page in JavaScript. In 2015 this was moved from <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> to <code dir=ltr>mw.config</code>. <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> will soon no longer work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72470] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W12"/> 16:53, 22 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21244806 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Tech News: 2021-13]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some very old [[:w:en:Web browser|web browsers]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility|don’t work]] well with the Wikimedia wikis. Some old code for browsers that used to be supported is being removed. This could cause issues in those browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277803] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:m:IRC/Channels#Raw_feeds|IRC recent changes feeds]] have been moved to a new server. Make sure all tools automatically reconnect to <code>irc.wikimedia.org</code> and not to the name of any specific server. Users should also consider switching to the more modern [[:wikitech:Event Platform/EventStreams|EventStreams]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224579] '''Problems''' * When you move a page that many editors have on their watchlist the history can be split. It might also not be possible to move it again for a while. This is because of a [[:w:en:Job queue|job queue]] problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278350] * Some translatable pages on Meta could not be edited. This was because of a bug in the translation tool. The new MediaWiki version was delayed because of problems like this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:31, 29 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21267131 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Tech News: 2021-13]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some very old [[:w:en:Web browser|web browsers]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility|don’t work]] well with the Wikimedia wikis. Some old code for browsers that used to be supported is being removed. This could cause issues in those browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277803] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:m:IRC/Channels#Raw_feeds|IRC recent changes feeds]] have been moved to a new server. Make sure all tools automatically reconnect to <code>irc.wikimedia.org</code> and not to the name of any specific server. Users should also consider switching to the more modern [[:wikitech:Event Platform/EventStreams|EventStreams]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224579] '''Problems''' * When you move a page that many editors have on their watchlist the history can be split. It might also not be possible to move it again for a while. This is because of a [[:w:en:Job queue|job queue]] problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278350] * Some translatable pages on Meta could not be edited. This was because of a bug in the translation tool. The new MediaWiki version was delayed because of problems like this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:39, 29 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21267131 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Tech News: 2021-14]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors can collapse part of an article so you have to click on it to see it. When you click a link to a section inside collapsed content it will now expand to show the section. The browser will scroll down to the section. Previously such links didn't work unless you manually expanded the content first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276741] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] will use for example <code>2010-12-XX</code> instead of <code>2010-12</code> for dates with a month but no days. This is because <code>2010-12</code> could be confused with <code>2010-2012</code> instead of <code>December 2010</code>. This is called level 1 instead of level 0 in the [https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/ Extended Date/Time Format]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.38|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] can now connect to the new [[:wikitech:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work from 28 April. There is [[:wikitech:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign#How should I connect to databases in PAWS?|a new way to connect]] to the databases. Until 28 April both ways to connect to the databases will work. If you think this affects you and you need help you can post [[phab:T268498|on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 19:41, 5 April 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21287348 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Tech News: 2021-16]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Email to the Wikimedia wikis are handled by groups of Wikimedia editors. These volunteer response teams now use [https://github.com/znuny/Znuny Znuny] instead of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/OTRS|OTRS]]. The functions and interface remain the same. The volunteer administrators will give more details about the next steps soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279303][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275294] * If you use [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighting]], you can see line numbers in the 2010 and 2017 wikitext editors when editing templates. This is to make it easier to see line breaks or talk about specific lines. Line numbers will soon come to all namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267911][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Because of a technical change there could be problems with gadgets and scripts that have an edit summary area that looks [https://phab.wmfusercontent.org/file/data/llvdqqnb5zpsfzylbqcg/PHID-FILE-25vs4qowibmtysl7cbml/Screen_Shot_2021-04-06_at_2.34.04_PM.png similar to this one]. If they look strange they should use <code>mw.loader.using('mediawiki.action.edit.styles')</code> to go back to how they looked before. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278898] * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.1|latest version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis last week. There was no Tech News issue last week. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * The user group <code>oversight</code> will be renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in two weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:49, 19 April 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21356080 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Tech News: 2021-17]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Templates have parameters that can have specific values. It is possible to suggest values for editors with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]]. You can soon see them as a drop-down list in the visual editor. This is to help template users find the right values faster. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273857][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 21:25, 26 April 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21391118 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Tech News: 2021-18]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] is a gadget on English Wikipedia. It can help with maintenance and patrolling. It can [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/SD0001/Twinkle localisation/Report|now be used on other wikis]]. You can get Twinkle on your wiki using the [https://github.com/wikimedia-gadgets/twinkle-starter twinkle-starter] GitHub repository. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] did not work for many articles for a little while. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281346] * Some things will not work for about a minute on 5 May. This will happen [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210505T0600 around 06:00 UTC]. This will affect the content translation tool and notifications among other things. This is because of an upgrade to avoid crashes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281212] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on a number of wikis on 5 May. This is later than planned because of some changes. You can use it without using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page Previews]] if you want to. The earlier plan was to have the preference to use both or none. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] classes <code dir=ltr>.error</code>, <code dir=ltr>.warning</code> and <code dir=ltr>.success</code> do not work for mobile readers if they have not been specifically defined on your wiki. From June they will not work for desktop readers. This can affect gadgets and templates. The classes can be defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or template styles instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280766] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:44, 3 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21418010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Tech News: 2021-18]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] is a gadget on English Wikipedia. It can help with maintenance and patrolling. It can [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/SD0001/Twinkle localisation/Report|now be used on other wikis]]. You can get Twinkle on your wiki using the [https://github.com/wikimedia-gadgets/twinkle-starter twinkle-starter] GitHub repository. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] did not work for many articles for a little while. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281346] * Some things will not work for about a minute on 5 May. This will happen [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210505T0600 around 06:00 UTC]. This will affect the content translation tool and notifications among other things. This is because of an upgrade to avoid crashes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281212] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on a number of wikis on 5 May. This is later than planned because of some changes. You can use it without using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page Previews]] if you want to. The earlier plan was to have the preference to use both or none. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] classes <code dir=ltr>.error</code>, <code dir=ltr>.warning</code> and <code dir=ltr>.success</code> do not work for mobile readers if they have not been specifically defined on your wiki. From June they will not work for desktop readers. This can affect gadgets and templates. The classes can be defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or template styles instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280766] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 12:57, 4 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21418010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Tech News: 2021-19]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can see what participants plan to work on at the online [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia hackathon]] 22–23 May. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:10, 10 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21428676 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Tech News: 2021-19]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can see what participants plan to work on at the online [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia hackathon]] 22–23 May. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:26, 10 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21428676 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Tech News: 2021-20]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new toolbar in [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply tool]]. It works in the wikitext source mode. You can enable it in [[Special:Preferences#mw-htmlform-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276608] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#13_May_2021] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion#13_May_2021] * Wikimedia [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo mailing lists] are being moved to [[:w:en:GNU Mailman|Mailman 3]]. This is a newer version. For the [[:w:en:Character encoding|character encoding]] to work it will change from <code>[[:w:en:UTF-8|UTF-8]]</code> to <code>utf8mb3</code>. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IEYQ2HS3LZF2P3DAYMNZYQDGHWPVMTPY/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282621] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|earlier issue]] of Tech News said that the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] would handle dates with a month but no days in a new way. This has been reverted for now. There needs to be more discussion of how it affects different wikis first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>MediaWiki:Pageimages-blacklist</code> will be renamed <code>MediaWiki:Pageimages-denylist</code>. The list can be copied to the new name. It will happen on 19 May for some wikis and 20 May for some wikis. Most wikis don't use it. It lists images that should never be used as thumbnails for articles. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 13:50, 17 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21464279 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Tech News: 2021-21]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Wikimedia movement has been using [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC|IRC]] on a network called [[:w:en:Freenode|Freenode]]. There have been changes around who is in control of the network. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Group_Contacts|Wikimedia IRC Group Contacts]] have [[m:Special:Diff/21476411|decided]] to move to the new [[:w:en:Libera Chat|Libera Chat]] network instead. This is not a formal decision for the movement to move all channels but most Wikimedia IRC channels will probably leave Freenode. There is a [[:m:IRC/Migrating_to_Libera_Chat|migration guide]] and ongoing Wikimedia [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Freenode (IRC)|discussions about this]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:08, 24 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21477606 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Tech News: 2021-22]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was an issue on the Vector skin with the text size of categories and notices under the page title. It was fixed last Monday. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283206] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:06, 31 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21516076 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Tech News: 2021-23]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia movement uses [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] for technical tasks. This is where we collect technical suggestions, bugs and what developers are working on. The company behind Phabricator will stop working on it. This will not change anything for the Wikimedia movement now. It could lead to changes in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/YAXOD46INJLAODYYIJUVQWOZFIV54VUI/][https://admin.phacility.com/phame/post/view/11/phacility_is_winding_down_operations/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283980] * Searching on Wikipedia will find more results in some languages. This is mainly true for when those who search do not use the correct [[:w:en:Diacritic|diacritics]] because they are not seen as necessary in that language. For example searching for <code>Bedusz</code> doesn't find <code>Będusz</code> on German Wikipedia. The character <code>ę</code> isn't used in German so many would write <code>e</code> instead. This will work better in the future in some languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219550] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:Cross-site request forgery|CSRF token parameters]] in the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|action API]] were changed in 2014. The old parameters from before 2014 will stop working soon. This can affect bots, gadgets and user scripts that still use the old parameters. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IMP43BNCI32C524O5YCUWMQYP4WVBQ2B/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280806] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:03, 7 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21551759 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Tech News: 2021-23]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia movement uses [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] for technical tasks. This is where we collect technical suggestions, bugs and what developers are working on. The company behind Phabricator will stop working on it. This will not change anything for the Wikimedia movement now. It could lead to changes in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/YAXOD46INJLAODYYIJUVQWOZFIV54VUI/][https://admin.phacility.com/phame/post/view/11/phacility_is_winding_down_operations/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283980] * Searching on Wikipedia will find more results in some languages. This is mainly true for when those who search do not use the correct [[:w:en:Diacritic|diacritics]] because they are not seen as necessary in that language. For example searching for <code>Bedusz</code> doesn't find <code>Będusz</code> on German Wikipedia. The character <code>ę</code> isn't used in German so many would write <code>e</code> instead. This will work better in the future in some languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219550] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:Cross-site request forgery|CSRF token parameters]] in the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|action API]] were changed in 2014. The old parameters from before 2014 will stop working soon. This can affect bots, gadgets and user scripts that still use the old parameters. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IMP43BNCI32C524O5YCUWMQYP4WVBQ2B/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280806] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 22:35, 7 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21551759 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Tech News: 2021-24]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Logged-in users on the mobile web can choose to use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mobile mode]]. They now see categories in a similar way as users on desktop do. This means that some gadgets that have just been for desktop users could work for users of the mobile site too. If your wiki has such gadgets you could decide to turn them on for the mobile site too. Some gadgets probably need to be fixed to look good on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284763] * Language links on Wikidata now works for [[:oldwikisource:Main Page|multilingual Wikisource]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275958] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * In the future we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|can't show the IP]] of unregistered editors to everyone. This is because privacy regulations and norms have changed. There is now a rough draft of how [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#Updates|showing the IP to those who need to see it]] could work. * German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between 5:00 and 5:30 UTC. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 28 June. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:26, 14 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21587625 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Tech News: 2021-25]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code>otrs-member</code> group name is now <code>vrt-permissions</code>. This could affect abuse filters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280615] '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210623T0500 5:00 and 5:30 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:50, 21 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21593987 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Tech News: 2021-26]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth features]] now can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure Growth features directly on their wiki]]. This uses the new special page <code>Special:EditGrowthConfig</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285423] * Wikisources have a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/OCR Improvements|OCR tool]]. If you don't want to see the "extract text" button on Wikisource you can add <code>.ext-wikisource-ExtractTextWidget { display: none; }</code> to your [[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285311] '''Problems''' *You will be able to read but not edit the Wikimedia wikis for a few minutes on 29 June. This is planned at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210629T1400 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * <code>Threshold for stub link formatting</code>, <code>thumbnail size</code> and <code>auto-number headings</code> can be set in preferences. They are expensive to maintain and few editors use them. The developers are planning to remove them. Removing them will make pages load faster. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User:SKim (WMF)/Performance Dependent User Preferences|read more and give feedback]]. * A toolbar will be added to the [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]]'s wikitext source mode. This will make it easier to link to pages and to ping other users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276609][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#Status_updates] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:32, 28 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21653312 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Tech News: 2021-27]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 19 July. '''Recent changes''' * [[:wikidata:Q4063270|AutoWikiBrowser]] is a tool to make repetitive tasks easier. It now uses [[:w:en:JSON|JSON]]. <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage</code> has moved to <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON</code> and <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/Config</code>. <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/Version</code> has moved to <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/VersionJSON</code>. The tool will eventually be configured on the wiki so that you don't have to wait until the new version to add templates or regular expression fixes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T241196] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] helps saving online sources on some wikis. It adds them to [[:w:en:Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]] and links to them there. This is so they don't disappear if the page that was linked to is removed. It currently has a problem with linking to the wrong date when it moves pages from <code>archive.is</code> to <code>web.archive.org</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283432] '''Changes later this week''' * The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] will be updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It will come to the first wikis on 7 July. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Some Wikimedia wikis use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]] or pending changes. It hides edits from new and unregistered accounts for readers until they have been patrolled. The auto review action in Flagged Revisions will no longer be logged. All old logs of auto-review will be removed. This is because it creates a lot of logs that are not very useful. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285608] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:34, 5 July 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21694636 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Tech News: 2021-29]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] was updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It was supposed to come to the first wikis on 7 July. It was delayed to 12 July instead. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553] * [[Special:UnconnectedPages|Special:UnconnectedPages]] lists pages that are not connected to Wikidata. This helps you find pages that can be connected to Wikidata items. Some pages should not be connected to Wikidata. You can use the magic word <code><nowiki>__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__</nowiki></code> on pages that should not be listed on the special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97577] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the [[:w:en:Parsing|parser's]] HTML output will soon change. This can affect bots, gadgets, user scripts and extensions. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/L2UQJRHTFK5YG3IOZEC7JSLH2ZQNZRVU/ read more]. You can test it on [[:testwiki:Main Page|Testwiki]] or [[:test2wiki:Main Page|Testwiki 2]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:32, 19 July 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21755027 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Tech News: 2021-30]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis the week before last week. This was not in Tech News because there was no newsletter that week. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * If you use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|Monobook skin]] you can choose to switch off [[:w:en:Responsive web design|responsive design]] on mobile. This will now work for more skins. If <code>{{int:monobook-responsive-label}}</code> is unticked you need to also untick the new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preference]] <code>{{int:prefs-skin-responsive}}</code>. Otherwise it will stop working. Interface admins can automate this process on your wiki. You can [[phab:T285991|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 21:11, 26 July 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21771634 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Tech News: 2021-31]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] If your wiki uses markup like <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-ltr"></nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-rtl"></nowiki></code></bdi> without the required <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>dir</code></bdi> attribute, then these will no longer work in 2 weeks. There is a short-term fix that can be added to your local wiki's Common.css page, which is explained at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. From now on, all usages should include the full attributes, for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en"></nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-rtl" dir="rtl" lang="he"></nowiki></code></bdi>. This also applies to some other HTML tags, such as <code>span</code> or <code>code</code>. You can find existing examples on your wiki that need to be updated, using the instructions at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. * Reminder: Wikimedia has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Migrating to Libera Chat|migrated to the Libera Chat IRC network]], from the old Freenode network. Local documentation should be updated. '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 30 minutes. There was a problem with generating dynamic lists of articles on the Russian Wikinews, due to the bulk import of 200,000+ new articles over 3 days, which led to database problems. The problematic feature has been disabled on that wiki and developers are discussing if it can be fixed properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-07-26_ruwikinews_DynamicPageList] '''Changes later this week''' * When adding links to a page using [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] or the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]] will now only appear at the bottom of search results. This is because users do not often want to link to disambiguation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285510] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|team of the Wikipedia app for Android]] is working on communication in the app. The developers are working on how to talk to other editors and get notifications. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|read more]]. They are looking for users who want to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingJuly2021|test the plans]]. Any editor who has an Android phone and is willing to download the app can do this. * The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} will be updated in the coming weeks. You will be able to [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications|subscribe to individual sections]] on a talk page at more wikis. You can test this now by adding <code>?dtenable=1</code> to the end of the talk page's URL ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta_talk:Sandbox?dtenable=1 example]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:48, 2 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21818289 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Tech News: 2021-32]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You can read but not edit 17 wikis for a few minutes on 10 August. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1628571650 05:00 UTC]. This is because of work on the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287449] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2021:Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place remotely on 13 August, starting at 5:00 UTC, for 24 hours. You can participate in many ways. You can still propose projects and sessions. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The old CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="visualClear"></div></nowiki></code></bdi> will not be supported after 12 August. Instead, templates and pages should use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div style="clear:both;"></div></nowiki></code></bdi>. Please help to replace any existing uses on your wiki. There are global-search links available at [[phab:T287962|T287962]]. '''Future changes''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is a place for Wikipedia editors to get access to sources. There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TheWikipediaLibrary|extension]] which has a new function to tell users when they can take part in it. It will use notifications. It will start pinging the first users in September. It will ping more users later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288070] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[w:en:Vue.js|Vue.js]] will be the [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] framework for MediaWiki in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SOZREBYR36PUNFZXMIUBVAIOQI4N7PDU/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:21, 9 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21856726 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Tech News: 2021-33]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can add language links in the sidebar in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206] '''Problems''' * There was a problem on wikis which use the Translate extension. Translations were not updated or were replaced with the English text. The problems have been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288700][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288683][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288719] '''Changes later this week''' * A [[mw:Help:Tags|revision tag]] will soon be added to edits that add links to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]]. This is because these links are usually added by accident. The tag will allow editors to easily find the broken links and fix them. If your wiki does not like this feature, it can be [[mw:Help:Tags#Deleting a tag added by the software|hidden]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287549] *Would you like to help improve the information about tools? Would you like to attend or help organize a small virtual meetup for your community to discuss the list of tools? Please get in touch on the [[m:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions|Toolhub Quality Signal Sessions]] talk page. We are also looking for feedback [[m:Talk:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions#Discussion topic for "Quality Signal Sessions: The Tool Maintainers edition"|from tool maintainers]] on some specific questions. * In the past, edits to any page in your user talk space ignored your [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications#mute|mute list]], e.g. sub-pages. Starting this week, this is only true for edits to your talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288112] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 19:28, 16 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21889213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Tech News: 2021-34]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score]] extension (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><score></nowiki></code></bdi> notation) has been re-enabled on public wikis and upgraded to a newer version. Some musical score functionality may no longer work because the extension is only enabled in "safe mode". The security issue has been fixed and an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score/2021 security advisory|advisory published]]. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289130|some wikis]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871217 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. During this time, operations on the CentralAuth will also not be possible. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 21:59, 23 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21923254 --> == Read-only reminder == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="MassMessage"/> A maintenance operation will be performed on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871231 {{#time: l F d H:i e|2021-08-25T06:00|en}}]. It should only last for a few minutes. This will affect your wiki as well as 11 other wikis. During this time, publishing edits will not be possible. Also during this time, operations on the CentralAuth will not be possible (GlobalRenames, changing/confirming e-mail addresses, logging into new wikis, password changes). For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T289130|on Phabricator]]. A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation. Please help your community to be aware of this maintenance operation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}<section end="MassMessage"/> </div> 20:35, 24 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21927201 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Tech News: 2021-35]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some musical score syntax no longer works and may needed to be updated, you can check [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:score-error-category}}]] on your wiki for a list of pages with errors. '''Problems''' * Musical scores were unable to render lyrics in some languages because of missing fonts. This has been fixed now. If your language would prefer a different font, please file a request in Phabricator. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289554] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]] about this. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289660|Commons]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-09-06|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1630818058 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 13 September. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:02, 30 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21954810 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Tech News: 2021-36]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The wikis that have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] deployed have been part of A/B testing since deployment, in which some newcomers did not receive the new features. Now, all of the newcomers on 21 of the smallest of those wikis will be receiving the features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289786] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In 2017, the provided jQuery library was upgraded from version 1 to 3, with a compatibility layer. The migration will soon finish, to make the site load faster for everyone. If you maintain a gadget or user script, check if you have any JQMIGRATE errors and fix them, or they will break. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280944][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/6Z2BVLOBBEC2QP4VV4KOOVQVE52P3HOP/] * Last year, the Portuguese Wikipedia community embarked on an experiment to make log-in compulsory for editing.&nbsp; The [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Impact report for Login Required Experiment on Portuguese Wikipedia|impact report of this trial]] is ready. Moving forward, the Anti-Harassment Tools team is looking for projects that are willing to experiment with restricting IP editing on their wiki for a short-term experiment. [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Login Required Experiment|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:20, 6 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21981010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Tech News: 2021-37]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * 45 new Wikipedias now have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289680] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|A majority of Wikipedias]] now have access to the Growth features. The Growth team [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ|has published an FAQ page]] about the features. This translatable FAQ covers the description of the features, how to use them, how to change the configuration, and more. '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 14 September. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628002 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting this week, Wikipedia in Italian will receive weekly software updates on Wednesdays. It used to receive the updates on Thursdays. Due to this change, bugs will be noticed and fixed sooner. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286664] * You can add language links in the sidebar in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|the new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlight]] tool marks up code with different colours. It now can highlight 23 new code languages. Additionally, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>golang</code></bdi> can now be used as an alias for the [[d:Q37227|Go programming language]], and a special <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>output</code></bdi> mode has been added to show a program's output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280117][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/+/715277/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:36, 13 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22009517 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Tech News: 2021-38]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Growth features are now deployed to almost all Wikipedias. [[phab:T290582|For the majority of small Wikipedias]], the features are only available for experienced users, to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#enable|test the features]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#config|configure them]]. Features will be available for newcomers starting on 20 September 2021. * MediaWiki had a feature that would highlight local links to short articles in a different style. Each user could pick the size at which "stubs" would be highlighted. This feature was very bad for performance, and following a consultation, has been removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284917] * A technical change was made to the MonoBook skin to allow for easier maintenance and upkeep. This has resulted in some minor changes to HTML that make MonoBook's HTML consistent with other skins. Efforts have been made to minimize the impact on editors, but please ping [[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]] on wiki or in [[phab:T290888|phabricator]] if any problems are reported. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of an accidental restart of the search servers. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-09-13_cirrussearch_restart] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[s:Special:ApiHelp/query+proofreadinfo|meta=proofreadpage API]] has changed. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>piprop</nowiki></code></bdi> parameter has been renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prpiprop</nowiki></code></bdi>. API users should update their code to avoid unrecognized parameter warnings. Pywikibot users should upgrade to 6.6.0. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290585] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki_1.37/Deprecation_of_legacy_API_token_parameters|previously announced]] change to how you obtain tokens from the API has been delayed to September 21 because of an incompatibility with Pywikibot. Bot operators using Pywikibot can follow [[phab:T291202|T291202]] for progress on a fix, and should plan to upgrade to 6.6.1 when it is released. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 18:33, 20 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22043415 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Tech News: 2021-39]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:IOS|iOS 15]] has a new function called [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212614 Private Relay] (Apple website). This can hide the user's IP when they use [[w:en:Safari (software)|Safari]] browser. This is like using a [[w:en:Virtual private network|VPN]] in that we see another IP address instead. It is opt-in and only for those who pay extra for [[w:en:ICloud|iCloud]]. It will come to Safari users on [[:w:en:OSX|OSX]] later. There is a [[phab:T289795|technical discussion]] about what this means for the Wikimedia wikis. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and user-scripts add items to the [[m:Customization:Explaining_skins#Portlets|portlets]] (article tools) part of the skin. A recent change to the HTML may have made those links a different font-size. This can be fixed by adding the CSS class <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.vector-menu-dropdown-noicon</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291438] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Onboarding_new_Wikipedians#New_experience|GettingStarted extension]] was built in 2013, and provides an onboarding process for new account holders in a few versions of Wikipedia. However, the recently developed [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] provide a better onboarding experience. Since the vast majority of Wikipedias now have access to the Growth features, GettingStarted will be deactivated starting on 4 October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235752] * A small number of users will not be able to connect to the Wikimedia wikis after 30 September. This is because an old [[:w:en:root certificate|root certificate]] will no longer work. They will also have problems with many other websites. Users who have updated their software in the last five years are unlikely to have problems. Users in Europe, Africa and Asia are less likely to have immediate problems even if their software is too old. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS/2021 Let's Encrypt root expiry|read more]]. * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|receive notifications]] when someone leaves a comment on user talk page or mentions you in a talk page comment. Clicking the notification link will now bring you to the comment and highlight it. Previously, doing so brought you to the top of the section that contained the comment. You can find [[phab:T282029|more information in T282029.]] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [[phab:T288485|See the list of wikis.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W39"/> </div> 22:24, 27 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22077885 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Tech News: 2021-40]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them has been enabled for the following 10 wikis: mediawiki.org, the Italian, Catalan, Hebrew and Vietnamese Wikipedias, French Wikisource, and English Wikivoygage, Wikibooks, Wiktionary and Wikinews. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist on those wikis you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and bots that use the API to read the AbuseFilter log might break. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hidden</code></bdi> property will no longer say an entry is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>implicit</code></bdi> for unsuppressed log entries about suppressed edits. If your bot needs to know this, do a separate revision query. Additionally, the property will have the value <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>false</code></bdi> for visible entries; previously, it wasn't included in the response. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291718] * A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them will be enabled for ''all production wikis''. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]]. '''Future changes''' * You can soon get cross-wiki notifications in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]]. You can also get notifications as push notifications. More notification updates will follow in later versions. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Notifications#September_2021_update] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgExtraSignatureNamespaces</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgLegalTitleChars</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgIllegalFileChars</code></bdi> will soon be removed from <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]</code></bdi>. These are not part of the "stable" variables available for use in wiki JavaScript. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292011] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookiePrefix</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookieDomain</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookiePath</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookieExpiration</code></bdi> will soon be removed from mw.config. Scripts should instead use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.cookie</code></bdi> from the "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#mediawiki.cookie|mediawiki.cookie]]</bdi>" module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291760] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:33, 4 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22101208 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Tech News: 2021-41]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Manual:Table_of_contents#Auto-numbering|"auto-number headings" preference]] is being removed. You can read [[phab:T284921]] for the reasons and discussion. This change was [[m:Tech/News/2021/26|previously]] announced. [[mw:Snippets/Auto-number_headings|A JavaScript snippet]] is available which can be used to create a Gadget on wikis that still want to support auto-numbering. '''Meetings''' * You can join a meeting about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. A demonstration version of the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|newest feature]] will be shown. The event will take place on Tuesday, 12 October at 16:00 UTC. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web/12-10-2021|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W41"/> </div> 15:31, 11 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22152137 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Tech News: 2021-42]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *[[m:Toolhub|Toolhub]] is a catalogue to make it easier to find software tools that can be used for working on the Wikimedia projects. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LF4SSR4QRCKV6NPRFGUAQWUFQISVIPTS/ read more]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers of the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]] are working on [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|communication in the app]]. You can now answer questions in [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingOctober2021|survey]] to help the development. * 3–5% of editors may be blocked in the next few months. This is because of a new service in Safari, which is similar to a [[w:en:Proxy server|proxy]] or a [[w:en:VPN|VPN]]. It is called iCloud Private Relay. There is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|discussion about this]] on Meta. The goal is to learn what iCloud Private Relay could mean for the communities. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] is a new [[w:en:API|API]] for those who use a lot of information from the Wikimedia projects on other sites. It is a way to get big commercial users to pay for the data. There will soon be a copy of the Wikimedia Enterprise dataset. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/message/B2AX6PWH5MBKB4L63NFZY3ADBQG7MSBA/ read more]. You can also ask the team questions [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88994018553 on Zoom] on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=15&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=10&year=2021 22 October 15:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W42"/> </div> 20:54, 18 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22176877 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Tech News: 2021-43]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 27 October. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff|Diff pages]] will have an improved copy and pasting experience. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Copy paste diffs|The changes]] will allow the text in the diff for before and after to be treated as separate columns and will remove any unwanted syntax. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192526] * The version of the [[w:en:Liberation fonts|Liberation fonts]] used in SVG files will be upgraded. Only new thumbnails will be affected. Liberation Sans Narrow will not change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253600] '''Meetings''' * You can join a meeting about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. News about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes will be shown. The event will take place on Wednesday, 27 October at 14:30 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/Talk to Us|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W43"/> </div> 20:08, 25 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22232718 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Tech News: 2021-44]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a limit on the amount of emails a user can send each day. This limit is now global instead of per-wiki. This change is to prevent abuse. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293866] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W44"/> </div> 20:28, 1 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22269406 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Tech News: 2021-45]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile IP editors are now able to receive warning notices indicating they have a talk page message on the mobile website (similar to the orange banners available on desktop). These notices will be displayed on every page outside of the main namespace and every time the user attempts to edit. The notice on desktop now has a slightly different colour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284642][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278105] '''Changes later this week''' * [[phab:T294321|Wikidata will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 11 November. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1636610400 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294321] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * In the future, unregistered editors will be given an identity that is not their [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]]. This is for legal reasons. A new user right will let editors who need to know the IPs of unregistered accounts to fight vandalism, spam, and harassment, see the IP. You can read the [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|suggestions for how that identity could work]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|discuss on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W45"/> </div> 20:37, 8 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22311003 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Tech News: 2021-46]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Most [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Maximum_file_size#MAXTHUMB|large file uploads]] errors that had messages like "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>stashfailed</code></bdi>" or "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>DBQueryError</code></bdi>" have now been fixed. An [[wikitech:Incident documentation/2021-11-04 large file upload timeouts|incident report]] is available. '''Problems''' * Sometimes, edits made on iOS using the visual editor save groups of numbers as telephone number links, because of a feature in the operating system. This problem is under investigation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116525] * There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of a configuration error. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-11-10_cirrussearch_commonsfile_outage] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W46"/> </div> 22:07, 15 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22338097 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Tech News: 2021-47]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. *The template dialog in VisualEditor and in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|new wikitext mode]] Beta feature will be [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|heavily improved]] on [[phab:T286992|a few wikis]]. Your [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|feedback is welcome]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W47"/> </div> 20:03, 22 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22366010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Tech News: 2021-48]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W48"/> </div> 21:15, 29 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22375666 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Tech News: 2021-49]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * MediaWiki 1.38-wmf.11 was scheduled to be deployed on some wikis last week. The deployment was delayed because of unexpected problems. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * At all Wikipedias, a Mentor Dashboard is now available at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MentorDashboard</nowiki></code></bdi>. It allows registered mentors, who take care of newcomers' first steps, to monitor their assigned newcomers' activity. It is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. You can learn more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How_to_configure_the_mentors%27_list|activating the mentor list]] on your wiki and about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor dashboard|the mentor dashboard project]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The predecessor to the current [[mw:API|MediaWiki Action API]] (which was created in 2008), <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=ajax</nowiki></code></bdi>, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to the corresponding API module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T42786] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An old ResourceLoader module, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>jquery.jStorage</nowiki></code></bdi>, which was deprecated in 2016, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.storage</nowiki></code></bdi> instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143034] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W49"/> </div> 21:59, 6 December 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22413926 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Tech News: 2021-50]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There are now default [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespace#Other_namespace_aliases|short aliases]] for the "Project:" namespace on most wikis. E.g. On Wikibooks wikis, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[WB:]]</nowiki></code></bdi> will go to the local language default for the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[Project:]]</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. This change is intended to help the smaller communities have easy access to this feature. Additional local aliases can still be requested via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|the usual process]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293839] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W50"/> </div> 22:28, 13 December 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22441074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Tech News: 2021-51]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 10 January 2022. '''Recent changes''' * Queries made by the DynamicPageList extension (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><DynamicPageList></nowiki></code></bdi>) are now only allowed to run for 10 seconds and error if they take longer. This is in response to multiple outages where long-running queries caused an outage on all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380#7575719] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * The developers of the Wikipedia iOS app are looking for testers who edit in multiple languages. You can [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/202112 testing|read more and let them know if you are interested]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikimedia [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] hosts technical projects for the Wikimedia movement. Developers need to [[wikitech:News/Cloud VPS 2021 Purge|claim projects]] they use. This is because old and unused projects are removed once a year. Unclaimed projects can be shut down from February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2B7KYL5VLQNHGQQHMYLW7KTUKXKAYY3T/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W51"/> </div> 22:06, 20 December 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22465395 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Tech News: 2022-02]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] A <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>oauth_consumer</code></bdi> variable has been added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] to enable identifying changes made by specific tools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298281] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#Package_Gadgets|now able to directly include JSON pages]]. This means some gadgets can now be configured by administrators without needing the interface administrator permission, such as with the Geonotice gadget. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198758] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets [[mw:Extension:Gadgets#Options|can now specify page actions]] on which they are available. For example, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|actions=edit,history</code></bdi> will load a gadget only while editing and on history pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63007] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets can now be loaded on demand with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withgadget</code></bdi> URL parameter. This can be used to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Snippets/Load JS and CSS by URL|an earlier snippet]] that typically looks like <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withJS</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withCSS</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] At wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|the Mentorship system is configured]], you can now use the Action API to get a list of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|mentor's]] mentees. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291966] * The heading on the main page can now be configured using <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin]]</span> for logged-in users and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title]]</span> for logged-out users. Any CSS that was previously used to hide the heading should be removed. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Small_wiki_toolkits/Starter_kit/Main_page_customization#hide-heading] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298715] * Four special pages (and their API counterparts) now have a maximum database query execution time of 30 seconds. These special pages are: RecentChanges, Watchlist, Contributions, and Log. This change will help with site performance and stability. You can read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IPJNO75HYAQWIGTHI5LJHTDVLVOC4LJP/ more details about this change] including some possible solutions if this affects your workflows. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297708] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|sticky header]] has been deployed for 50% of logged-in users on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions#pilot-wikis|more than 10 wikis]]. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Participate|how to take part in the project]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] begins. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W02"/> </div> 01:24, 11 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22562156 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Tech News: 2022-03]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|WikiEditor]] (also known as the 2010 wikitext editor), people will now see a warning if they link to disambiguation pages. If you click "{{int:Disambiguator-review-link}}" in the warning, it will ask you to correct the link to a more specific term. You can [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages#Jan 12, 2021: Turning on the changes for all Wikis|read more information]] about this completed 2021 Community Wishlist item. * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#subscribe|automatically subscribe to all of the talk page discussions]] that you start or comment in using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|DiscussionTools]]. You will receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when another editor replies. This is available at most wikis. Go to your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]] and turn on "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263819] * When asked to create a new page or talk page section, input fields can be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating_pages_with_preloaded_text|"preloaded" with some text]]. This feature is now limited to wikitext pages. This is so users can't be tricked into making malicious edits. There is a discussion about [[phab:T297725|if this feature should be re-enabled]] for some content types. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] continues. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W03"/> </div> 19:55, 17 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22620285 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Tech News: 2022-04]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The following languages can now be used with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighting]]: BDD, Elpi, LilyPond, Maxima, Rita, Savi, Sed, Sophia, Spice, .SRCINFO. * You can now access your watchlist from outside of the user menu in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]]. The watchlist link appears next to the notification icons if you are at the top of the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289619] '''Events''' * You can see the results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] and learn more about 14 tools which were selected this year. * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translate, promote]], or comment on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|the proposals]] in the Community Wishlist Survey. Voting will begin on {{#time:j xg|2022-01-28|en}}. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W04"/> </div> 21:38, 24 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22644148 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Tech News: 2022-05]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] If a gadget should support the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?withgadget</code></bdi> URL parameter that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|announced]] 3 weeks ago, then it must now also specify <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>supportsUrlLoad</code></bdi> in the gadget definition ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#supportsUrlLoad|documentation]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A change that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|announced]] last year was delayed. It is now ready to move ahead: ** The user group <code>oversight</code> will be renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in three weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. As usual, these labels can be translated on translatewiki ([[phab:T112147|direct links are available]]) or by administrators on your wiki. '''Events''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 28 January and 11 February. The survey decides what the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W05"/> </div> 17:42, 31 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22721804 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Tech News: 2022-06]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * English Wikipedia recently set up a gadget for dark mode. You can enable it there, or request help from an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrator]] to set it up on your wiki ([[w:en:Wikipedia:Dark mode (gadget)|instructions and screenshot]]). * Category counts are sometimes wrong. They will now be completely recounted at the beginning of every month. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299823] '''Problems''' * A code-change last week to fix a bug with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Live preview|Live Preview]] may have caused problems with some local gadgets and user-scripts. Any code with skin-specific behaviour for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>vector</code></bdi> should be updated to also check for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>vector-2022</code></bdi>. [[phab:T300987|A code-snippet, global search, and example are available]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W06"/> </div> 21:16, 7 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22765948 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Tech News: 2022-07]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Purge|Purging]] a category page with fewer than 5,000 members will now recount it completely. This will allow editors to fix incorrect counts when it is wrong. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85696] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, the <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> function has been updated so that it does not remove the "space" character. Wikis are advised to wrap all the uses of <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> with <code dir=ltr>rmwhitespace()</code> wherever necessary to keep filters' behavior unchanged. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263024] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W07"/> </div> 19:19, 14 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22821788 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Tech News: 2022-08]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[Special:Nuke|Special:Nuke]] will now provide the standard deletion reasons (editable at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]</bdi>) to use when mass-deleting pages. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Admins and patrollers/Mass-delete to offer drop-down of standard reasons, or templated reasons.|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T25020] * At Wikipedias, all new accounts now get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] by default when creating an account. Communities are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Account_creation|update their help resources]]. Previously, only 80% of new accounts would get the Growth features. A few Wikipedias remain unaffected by this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301820] * You can now prevent specific images that are used in a page from appearing in other locations, such as within PagePreviews or Search results. This is done with the markup <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>class=notpageimage</nowiki></code></bdi>. For example, <code><nowiki>[[File:Example.png|class=notpageimage]]</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There has been a change to the HTML of Special:Contributions, Special:MergeHistory, and History pages, to support the grouping of changes by date in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva_Neue|the mobile skin]]. While unlikely, this may affect gadgets and user scripts. A [[phab:T298638|list of all the HTML changes]] is on Phabricator. '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey results]] have been published. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2022 results#leaderboard|ranking of prioritized proposals]] is also available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The software to play videos and audio files on pages will change soon on all wikis. The old player will be removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Toolforge's underlying operating system is being updated. If you maintain any tools there, there are two options for migrating your tools into the new system. There are [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Stretch deprecation|details, deadlines, and instructions]] on Wikitech. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EPJFISC52T7OOEFH5YYMZNL57O4VGSPR/] * Administrators will soon have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete]] the associated "talk" page when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option will also be available. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|a request from the 2021 Wishlist Survey]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W08"/> </div> 19:12, 21 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22847768 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Tech News: 2022-09]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When searching for edits by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tags|change tags]], e.g. in page history or user contributions, there is now a dropdown list of possible tags. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Miscellaneous/Improve plain-text change tag selector|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T27909] * Mentors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|Growth Mentor dashboard]] will now see newcomers assigned to them who have made at least one edit, up to 200 edits. Previously, all newcomers assigned to the mentor were visible on the dashboard, even ones without any edit or ones who made hundred of edits. Mentors can still change these values using the filters on their dashboard. Also, the last choice of filters will now be saved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301268][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294460] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The user group <code>oversight</code> was renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. You may need to update any local references to the old name, e.g. gadgets, links to Special:Listusers, or uses of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words|NUMBERINGROUP]]. '''Problems''' * The recent change to the HTML of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking changes|tracking changes]] pages caused some problems for screenreaders. This is being fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298638] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Working with templates will become easier. [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Templates|Several improvements]] are planned for March 9 on most wikis and on March 16 on English Wikipedia. The improvements include: Bracket matching, syntax highlighting colors, finding and inserting templates, and related visual editor features. * If you are a template developer or an interface administrator, and you are intentionally overriding or using the default CSS styles of user feedback boxes (the classes: <code dir=ltr>successbox, messagebox, errorbox, warningbox</code>), please note that these classes and associated CSS will soon be removed from MediaWiki core. This is to prevent problems when the same class-names are also used on a wiki. Please let us know by commenting at [[phab:T300314]] if you think you might be affected. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W09"/> </div> 23:00, 28 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22902593 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Tech News: 2022-10]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with some interface labels last week. It will be fixed this week. This change was part of ongoing work to simplify the support for skins which do not have active maintainers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301203] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W10"/> </div> 21:16, 7 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22958074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Tech News: 2022-11]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Wikipedia Android app [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Communication#Updates|it is now possible]] to change the toolbar at the bottom so the tools you use more often are easier to click on. The app now also has a focused reading mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296753][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254771] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the collection of some page-view data from June 2021 to January 2022 on all wikis. This means the statistics are incomplete. To help calculate which projects and regions were most affected, relevant datasets are being retained for 30 extra days. You can [[m:Talk:Data_retention_guidelines#Added_exception_for_page_views_investigation|read more on Meta-wiki]]. * There was a problem with the databases on March 10. All wikis were unreachable for logged-in users for 12 minutes. Logged-out users could read pages but could not edit or access uncached content then. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2022-03-10_MediaWiki_availability] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * When [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message#Finding_messages_and_documentation|using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>uselang=qqx</code></bdi> to find localisation messages]], it will now show all possible message keys for navigation tabs such as "{{int:vector-view-history}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300069] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Access to [[{{#special:RevisionDelete}}]] has been expanded to include users who have <code dir=ltr>deletelogentry</code> and <code dir=ltr>deletedhistory</code> rights through their group memberships. Before, only those with the <code dir=ltr>deleterevision</code> right could access this special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301928] * On the [[{{#special:Undelete}}]] pages for diffs and revisions, there will be a link back to the main Undelete page with the list of revisions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284114] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has announced the IP Masking implementation strategy and next steps. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#feb25|announcement can be read here]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Android FAQ|Wikipedia Android app]] developers are working on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|new functions]] for user talk pages and article talk pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297617] '''Events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place as a hybrid event on 20-22 May 2022. The Hackathon will be held online and there are grants available to support local in-person meetups around the world. Grants can be requested until 20 March. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W11"/> </div> 22:08, 14 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22993074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Tech News: 2022-12]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translations]] are available. '''New code release schedule for this week''' * There will be four MediaWiki releases this week, instead of just one. This is an experiment which should lead to fewer problems and to faster feature updates. The releases will be on all wikis, at different times, on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Release Engineering Team/Trainsperiment week|read more about this project]]. '''Recent changes''' * You can now set how many search results to show by default in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|your Preferences]]. This was the 12th most popular wish in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T215716] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Jupyter notebooks tool [[wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] has been updated to a new interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295043] '''Future changes''' * Interactive maps via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will soon work on wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions]] extension. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Kartographer-Workflows-EN/ Please tell us] which improvements you want to see in Kartographer. You can take this survey in simple English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W12"/> </div> 16:01, 21 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23034693 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Tech News: 2022-13]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a simple new Wikimedia Commons upload tool available for macOS users, [[c:Commons:Sunflower|Sunflower]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of regular database maintenance. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301850][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W13"/> </div> 19:55, 28 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23073711 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Tech News: 2022-14]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, edits that were suggested to newcomers were not tagged in the [[{{#special:recentchanges}}]] feed. This bug has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304747] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * Starting next week, Tech News' title will be translatable. When the newsletter is distributed, its title may not be <code dir=ltr>Tech News: 2022-14</code> anymore. It may affect some filters that have been set up by some communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302920] * Over the next few months, the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" Growth feature [[phab:T304110|will become available to more Wikipedias]]. Each week, a few wikis will get the feature. You can test this tool at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth#deploymentstable|a few wikis where "Link recommendation" is already available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W14"/> </div> 21:01, 4 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23097604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new public status page at <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimediastatus.net/ www.wikimediastatus.net]</span>. This site shows five automated high-level metrics where you can see the overall health and performance of our wikis' technical environment. It also contains manually-written updates for widespread incidents, which are written as quickly as the engineers are able to do so while also fixing the actual problem. The site is separated from our production infrastructure and hosted by an external service, so that it can be accessed even if the wikis are briefly unavailable. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/03/31/announcing-www-wikimediastatus-net/ read more about this project]. * On Wiktionary wikis, the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W15"/> </div> 19:45, 11 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23124108 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]). * Administrators will now have [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete the associated "Talk" page]] when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option is also available. This concludes the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|11th wish of the 2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * On [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#test-wikis|selected wikis]], 50% of logged-in users will see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Table of contents|table of contents]]. When scrolling up and down the page, the table of contents will stay in the same place on the screen. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304169] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Message boxes produced by MediaWiki code will no longer have these CSS classes: <code dir=ltr>successbox</code>, <code dir=ltr>errorbox</code>, <code dir=ltr>warningbox</code>. The styles for those classes and <code dir=ltr>messagebox</code> will be removed from MediaWiki core. This only affects wikis that use these classes in wikitext, or change their appearance within site-wide CSS. Please review any local usage and definitions for these classes you may have. This was previously announced in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|28 February issue of Tech News]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will become compatible with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions page stabilization]]. Kartographer maps will also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions] The Kartographer documentation has been thoroughly updated. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Getting_started] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/Maps] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W16"/> </div> 23:12, 18 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23167004 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group1.dblist many wikis] (group 1), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]). * Some very old browsers and operating systems are no longer supported. Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in very old browsers like Internet Explorer 9 or 10, Android 4, or Firefox 38 or older. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306486] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W17"/> </div> 22:56, 25 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23187115 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group2.dblist all remaining wikis] (group 2), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers are working on talk pages in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia app for iOS]]. You can [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9GBcHczQGLbQWTY give feedback]. You can take the survey in English, German, Hebrew or Chinese. * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements#Status_and_next_steps|Most wikis]] will receive an [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements|improved template dialog]] in VisualEditor and New Wikitext mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296759] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306967] * If you use syntax highlighting while editing wikitext, you can soon activate a [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|colorblind-friendly color scheme]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306867] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Several CSS IDs related to MediaWiki interface messages will be removed. Technical editors should please [[phab:T304363|review the list of IDs and links to their existing uses]]. These include <code dir=ltr>#mw-anon-edit-warning</code>, <code dir=ltr>#mw-undelete-revision</code> and 3 others. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W18"/> </div> 19:34, 2 মে' 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23232924 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see categories in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia app for Android]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73966] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem with Wikidata's search autocomplete. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307586] * Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 20 minutes, for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a problem with a database change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307647] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305217#7894966] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation#Current issues|Incompatibility issues]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] will be fixed: Deployment is planned for May 10 on all wikis. Kartographer will then be enabled on the [[phab:T307348|five wikis which have not yet enabled the extension]] on May 24. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] skin will be set as the default on several more wikis, including Arabic and Catalan Wikipedias. Logged-in users will be able to switch back to the old Vector (2010). See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|latest update]] about Vector (2022). '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place on 17 May. The following meetings are currently planned for: 7 June, 21 June, 5 July, 19 July. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W19"/> </div> 15:23, 9 মে' 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23256717 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * Some wikis can soon use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|add a link]] feature. This will start on Wednesday. The wikis are {{int:project-localized-name-cawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-svwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place online on May 20–22. It will be in English. There are also local [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022/Meetups|hackathon meetups]] in Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Nigeria and the United States. Technically interested Wikimedians can work on software projects and learn new skills. You can also host a session or post a project you want to work on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can soon edit translatable pages in the visual editor. Translatable pages exist on for examples Meta and Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/05/12/mediawiki-1-38-brings-support-for-editing-translatable-pages-with-the-visual-editor/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W20"/> </div> 18:58, 16 মে' 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23291515 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Administrators using the mobile web interface can now access Special:Block directly from user pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307341] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wiktionary.org/ www.wiktionary.org]</span> portal page now uses an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304629] '''Problems''' * The Growth team maintains a mentorship program for newcomers. Previously, newcomers weren't able to opt out from the program. Starting May 19, 2022, newcomers are able to fully opt out from Growth mentorship, in case they do not wish to have any mentor at all. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287915] * Some editors cannot access the content translation tool if they load it by clicking from the contributions menu. This problem is being worked on. It should still work properly if accessed directly via Special:ContentTranslation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308802] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and user scripts developers are invited to give feedback on a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy|proposed technical policy]] aiming to improve support from MediaWiki developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308686] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W21"/> </div> 00:21, 24 May 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23317250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, an <code dir=ltr>ip_in_ranges()</code> function has been introduced to check if an IP is in any of the ranges. Wikis are advised to combine multiple <code dir=ltr>ip_in_range()</code> expressions joined by <code>|</code> into a single expression for better performance. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305017] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature|IP Info feature]] which helps abuse fighters access information about IPs, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May 24, 2022|has been deployed]] to all wikis as a beta feature. This comes after weeks of beta testing on test.wikipedia.org. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at most wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:mw:Special:ApiHelp/query+usercontribs|list=usercontribs API]] will support fetching contributions from an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks#Non-technical explanation|IP range]] soon. API users can set the <code>uciprange</code> parameter to get contributions from any IP range within [[:mw:Manual:$wgRangeContributionsCIDRLimit|the limit]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177150] * A new parser function will be introduced: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. It will replace existing templates named "=". It will insert an [[w:en:Equals sign|equal sign]]. This can be used to escape the equal sign in the parameter values of templates. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91154] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W22"/> </div> 20:29, 30 May 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23340178 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>str_replace_regexp()</code></bdi> function can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to replace parts of text using a [[w:en:Regular expression|regular expression]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285468] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W23"/> </div> 02:46, 7 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23366979 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * All wikis can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps. Kartographer maps now also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307348] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300471] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-abwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-acewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-adywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-akwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-alswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-amwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-anwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-angwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-astwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-atjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-avwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-aywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azbwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304548] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at Commons, Wikidata, and some other wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place today (13 June). The following meetings will take place on: 28 June, 12 July, 26 July. '''Future changes''' * By the end of July, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]] skin should be ready to become the default across all wikis. Discussions on how to adjust it to the communities' needs will begin in the next weeks. It will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W24"/> </div> 16:59, 13 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23389956 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia App for Android]] now has an option for editing the whole page at once, located in the overflow menu (three-dots menu [[File:Ic more vert 36px.svg|15px|link=|alt=]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103622] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some recent database changes may affect queries using the [[m:Research:Quarry|Quarry tool]]. Queries for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>site_stats</code></bdi> at English Wikipedia, Commons, and Wikidata will need to be updated. [[phab:T306589|Read more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>user_global_editcount</code></bdi> variable can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to avoid affecting globally active users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T130439] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Users of non-responsive skins (e.g. MonoBook or Vector) on mobile devices may notice a slight change in the default zoom level. This is intended to optimize zooming and ensure all interface elements are present on the page (for example the table of contents on Vector 2022). In the unlikely event this causes any problems with how you use the site, we'd love to understand better, please ping <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]]</span> to any on-wiki conversations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306910] '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid's HTML output will soon stop annotating file links with different <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>typeof</code></bdi> attribute values, and instead use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:File</code></bdi> for all types. Tool authors should adjust any code that expects: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Image</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Audio</code></bdi>, or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Video</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273505] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W25"/> </div> 20:18, 20 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23425855 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] API service now has self-service accounts with free on-demand requests and monthly snapshots ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/ API documentation]). Community access [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#community-access|via database dumps & Wikimedia Cloud Services]] continues. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wiktionary#lua|All Wikimedia wikis can now use Wikidata Lexemes in Lua]] after creating local modules and templates. Discussions are welcome [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#You_can_now_reuse_Wikidata_Lexemes_on_all_wikis|on the project talk page]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311033] * Some global and cross-wiki services will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} at 06:00 UTC. This will impact ContentTranslation, Echo, StructuredDiscussions, Growth experiments and a few more services. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300472] * Users will be able to sort columns within sortable tables in the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233340] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (28 June). The following meetings will take place on 12 July and 26 July. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W26"/> </div> 20:03, 27 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23453785 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>proofreadpage_source_href</code></bdi> will be removed from <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]</code></bdi> and be replaced with the variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpSourceIndexPage</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309490] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W27"/> </div> 19:32, 4 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23466250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], the page title is now displayed above the tabs such as Discussion, Read, Edit, View history, or More. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates#Page title/tabs switch|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] It is now possible to easily view most of the configuration settings that apply to just one wiki, and to compare settings between two wikis if those settings are different. For example: [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=jawiktionary Japanese Wiktionary settings], or [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=eswiki&compare=eowiki settings that are different between the Spanish and Esperanto Wikipedias]. Local communities may want to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting_wiki_configuration_changes|discuss and propose changes]] to their local settings. Details about each of the named settings can be found by [[mw:Special:Search|searching MediaWiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308932] *The Anti-Harassment Tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May|recently deployed]] the IP Info Feature as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature at all wikis]]. This feature allows abuse fighters to access information about IP addresses. Please check our update on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#April|how to find and use the tool]]. Please share your feedback using a link you will be given within the tool itself. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W28"/> </div> 19:25, 11 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23502519 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The feature on mobile web for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:NearbyPages|Nearby Pages]] was missing last week. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312864] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Forum|Technical Decision Forum]] is seeking [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Community_representation|community representatives]]. You can apply on wiki or by emailing <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">TDFSupport@wikimedia.org</span> before 12 August. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W29"/> </div> 23:00, 18 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23517957 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikibooks.org/ www.wikibooks.org]</span> and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiquote.org/ www.wikiquote.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Problems''' * Last week, some wikis were in read-only mode for a few minutes because of an emergency switch of their main database ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313383] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The external link icon will change slightly in the skins Vector legacy and Vector 2022. The new icon uses simpler shapes to be more recognizable on low-fidelity screens. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261391] * Administrators will now see buttons on user pages for "{{int:changeblockip}}" and "{{int:unblockip}}" instead of just "{{int:blockip}}" if the user is already blocked. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308570] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (26 July). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W30"/> </div> 19:27, 25 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23545370 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Improved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Phantom|LaTeX capabilities for math rendering]] are now available in the wikis thanks to supporting <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Phantom</code></bdi> tags. This completes part of [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Editing/Missing_LaTeX_capabilities_for_math_rendering|the #59 wish]] of the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup0.dblist Group 0]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. '''Future meetings''' * This week, three meetings about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] with live interpretation will take place. On Tuesday, interpretation in Russian will be provided. On Thursday, meetings for Arabic and Spanish speakers will take place. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W31"/> </div> 21:22, 1 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23615613 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] copies the information from [[{{#special:GadgetUsage}}]] to an on-wiki page so you can review its history. If your project isn't already listed on the [[d:Q113143828|Wikidata entry for Project:GUS2Wiki]] you can either run GUS2Wiki yourself or [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script#Opting|make a request to receive updates]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121049] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-09|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-11|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future meetings''' * The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place online from August 12–14. Don't miss [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|the pre-hacking showcase]] to learn about projects and find collaborators. Anyone can [[phab:/project/board/6030/|propose a project]] or [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|host a session]]. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Newcomers|Newcomers are welcome]]! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W32"/> </div> 19:50, 8 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23627807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Persian (Farsi) Wikipedia community decided to block IP editing from October 2021 to April 2022. The Wikimedia Foundation's Product Analytics team tracked the impact of this change. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Editing Restriction Study/Farsi Wikipedia|An impact report]] is now available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup1.dblist Group 1]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#4_August_2022][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312672] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W33"/> </div> 21:09, 15 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23658001 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Two problems with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps have been fixed. Maps are no longer shown as empty when a geoline was created via VisualEditor. Geolines consisting of points with QIDs (e.g., subway lines) are no longer shown with pushpins. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292613][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308560] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * The colours of links and visited links will change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213778] '''Future changes''' * The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications#12 August 2022|helps newcomers get answers]]. The Editing team is enabling this tool everywhere. You can turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284489] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W34"/> </div> 00:13, 23 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23675501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] is available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup2.dblist Group 2]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. Please note that when this Beta feature is enabled, it may cause conflicts with some wiki-specific Gadgets. '''Problems''' * In recent months, there have been inaccurate numbers shown for various [[{{#special:statistics}}]] at Commons, Wikidata, and English Wikipedia. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315693] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation wants to improve how Wikimedia communities report harmful incidents by building the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System|Private Incident Reporting System (PIRS)]] to make it easy and safe for users to make reports. You can leave comments on the talk page, by answering the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System#Phase 1|questions provided]]. If you have ever faced a harmful situation that you wanted to report/reported, join a PIRS interview to share your experience. To sign up [[m:Special:EmailUser/MAna_(WMF)|please email]] <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:MAna (WMF)|Madalina Ana]]</span>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W35"/> </div> 23:06, 29 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23725814 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On Special pages that only have one tab, the tab-bar's row will be hidden in the Vector-2022 skin to save space. The row will still show if Gadgets use it. Gadgets that currently append directly to the CSS id of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#p-namespaces</code></bdi> should be updated to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortletLink|mw.util.addPortletLink]]</code></bdi> function instead. Gadgets that style this id should consider also targeting <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#p-associated-pages</code></bdi>, the new id for this row. [[phab:T316908|Examples are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316908][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313409] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W36"/> </div> 23:22, 5 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23757743 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The search servers have been upgraded to a new major version. If you notice any issues with searching, please report them on [[phab:project/view/1849/|Phabricator]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XPCTYYTN67FVFKN6XOHULJVGUO44J662] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|Syntax highlighting]] is now tracked as an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgExpensiveParserFunctionLimit|expensive parser function]]. Only 500 expensive function calls can be used on a single page. Pages that exceed the limit are added to a [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:expensive-parserfunction-category}}|tracking category]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316858] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W37"/> </div> 01:50, 13 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23787318 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two database fields in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>templatelinks</nowiki></code></bdi> table are now being dropped: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_namespace</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_title</nowiki></code></bdi>. Any queries that rely on these fields need to be changed to use the new normalization field called <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_target_id</nowiki></code></bdi>. See <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T299417|T299417]]</span> for more information. This is part of [[w:Database normalization|normalization]] of links tables. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/U2U6TXIBABU3KDCVUOITIGI5OJ4COBSW/][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:ASarabadani_(WMF)/Database_for_devs_toolkit/Concepts/Normalization] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * In [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps, you can use icons on markers for common points of interest. On Tuesday, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons|previous icon set]] will be updated to [https://de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Hilfe:Extension:Kartographer/Icons version maki 7.2]. That means, around 100 new icons will be available. Additionally, all existing icons were updated for clarity and to make them work better in international contexts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302861][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Update_maki_icons] '''Future changes''' * In a [[m:Content_Partnerships_Hub/Software/Volunteer_developers_discussion_at_Wikimania_2022|group discussion at Wikimania]], more than 30 people talked about how to make content partnership software in the Wikimedia movement more sustainable. What kind of support is acceptable for volunteer developers? Read the summary and [[m:Talk:Content Partnerships Hub/Software/Volunteer developers discussion at Wikimania 2022|leave your feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W38"/> </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</span> 22:16, 19 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23826293 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid clients should be updated to allow for space-separated multi-values in the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>rel</code></bdi> attribute of links. Further details are in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T315209|T315209]]</bdi>. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|Visual diffs]] will become available to all users, except at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. They should be easier to use and provide more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile] * In the [[mw:Lua/Scripting|{{ns:828}}]] namespace, pages ending with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>.json</code></bdi> will be treated as JSON, just like they already are in the {{ns:2}} and {{ns:8}} namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144475] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:30, 27 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23860085 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now show geopoints from Wikidata, via QID or SPARQL query. Previously, this was only possible for geoshapes and geolines. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307695] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints_via_QID] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2022]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 12 October. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. They should be easier to use and provide more information. (Last week's release was delayed) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>scribunto-console</code></bdi> API module will require a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Tokens|CSRF token]]. This module is documented as internal and use of it is not supported. [[phab:T212071|[5]]] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikimedia projects. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#Deployment_plan_and_timeline|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:24, 4 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23885489 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * On some wikis, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps in full size view will be able to display nearby articles. After a feedback period, more wikis will follow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316782][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W41"/> </div> 14:09, 10 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23912412 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The recently implemented feature of [[phab:T306883|article thumbnails in Special:Search]] will be limited to Wikipedia projects only. Further details are in [[phab:T320510|T320510]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Data_Across_Wikimedia/Search_Improvements] * A bug that caused problems in loading article thumbnails in Special:Search has been fixed. Further details are in [[phab:T320406|T320406]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadJsonData|mw.loadJsonData()]]</code></bdi> to load data from JSON pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217500] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can enable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Strict_library|require( "strict" )]]</code></bdi> to add errors for some possible code problems. This replaces "[[wikidata:Q16748603|Module:No globals]]" on most wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209310] '''Future changes''' * The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated at most wikis. The "{{int:discussiontools-replylink}}" button will look different after this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320683] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:46, 17 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23943992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]]. * On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]]. '''Problems''' * Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] * Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list] * Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]</bdi>. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]]. * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:23, 24 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23975411 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997] * In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for "{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818] * It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817] * It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815] * It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:16, 31 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23977539 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592] '''Problems''' * Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:32, 8 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24001035 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]</span>, <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]</span>, and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new link to directly "Edit template data" on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309] * Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:55, 14 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]]. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 21 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]). * Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327] * On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 28 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24114342 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 6 December 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24151590 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]]. Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961] * The character <code>=</code> cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714] '''Events''' * The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:35, 12 December 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24216570 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023. '''Recent changes''' * On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536] '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. * The word "{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}" is very short in some languages, such as Arabic ("<bdi lang="ar">ردّ</bdi>"). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537] '''Future changes''' * Edits can be automatically "tagged" by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063] * The Trust & Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021. '''Events''' * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:00, 20 December 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24258101 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349] * [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]]. * You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541] * A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use <code>matrix:</code> to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021] * You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 10 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24342971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in "{{int:last}}" links on page history now contain <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=prev&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi> in place of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=[revision ID]&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi>. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on <code>{{ns:1}}:</code> and <code>{{ns:3}}:</code> namespaces. These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as <code>{{ns:5}}:</code>. They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including <code>{{ns:4}}:</code> pages (e.g., at the Village Pump). You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417] *On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:11, 17 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24381020 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907] * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:46, 23 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24418874 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 31 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:55, 18 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 24 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> 16:55, 22 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:52, 5 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> 15:25, 21 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:17, 23 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 December 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:13, 12 December 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 December 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 8 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 23 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:44, 5 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 20 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:21, 30 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:57, 28 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 4 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:08, 12 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 December 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[gitiles:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 December 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 December 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 January 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 January 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 January 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:42, 25 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 1 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]&nbsp; are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]]&nbsp;initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in.&nbsp;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:27, 17 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:46, 22 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[w:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 04:41, 7 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:44, 4 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:21, 11 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> ebcbi4eq0o3x4ae9v2luz939oeivxuf 0 41867 608841 517543 2026-05-26T10:56:05Z CommonsDelinker 118 Replacing Hillary_Clinton_at_the_United_Nations_Conference_on_Women_in_Beijing,_China.jpg with [[File:Photograph_of_First_Lady_Hillary_Clinton_at_the_United_Nations_Conference_on_Women_in_Beijing,_China_-_DPLA_-_de696cbb989497f9f65d8cf9089667b8.jpg]] (by 608841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''হিলাৰি ক্লিণ্টন''' এগৰাকী আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ৰাজনীতিক। তেওঁ ২০১৬ বৰ্ষৰ [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনৰ ডেমক্ৰেটিক পাৰ্টিৰ প্ৰাৰ্থী। এনে সন্মান লাভ কৰা তেওঁ প্ৰথম আমেৰিকী মহিলা। তেওঁ পূৰ্বতে আমেৰিকাৰ ফাৰ্ষ্ট লেডী আছিল। == আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ফাৰ্ষ্ট লেডী হিচাপে == === ফাৰ্ষ্ট লেডীৰ ভূমিকা === জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৩ত বিল ক্লিণ্টন আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি হোৱাত হিলাৰী ক্লিণ্টন আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ প্ৰথম মহিলা হ'ল। তেওঁৰ সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ সচিবে দোহাৰিলে যে তেওঁ নিজৰ নামৰ সেই ৰূপেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব। তেওঁ প্ৰথম ফাৰ্ষ্ট লেডী আছিল যাৰ প'ষ্ট গ্ৰেজুৱট ডিগ্ৰী আছিল। তদুপৰি, হুৱাইট হাউছত প্ৰৱেশৰ পূৰ্বেই কৰ্ম সংস্থাপন থকা প্ৰথম ফাৰ্ষ্ট লেডী হিচাপেও তেওঁ চিহ্নিত হ'ল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/clinton-hillary/|title=Hillary Rodham Clinton|publisher=PBS|accessdate=December 2, 2014|archivedate=February 19, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219171853/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/clinton-hillary/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তেওঁ এনে প্ৰথম ফাৰ্ষ্ট লেডী যাৰ ইষ্ট ৱিঙৰ ফাৰ্ষ্ট লেডীৰ কাৰ্যালয় থকাৰ বাদে ৱেষ্ট ৱিঙতো কাৰ্যালয় আছিল।<ref name="nfll" /><ref>Troy 2006, p.&nbsp;71.</ref> ইলিয়ানৰ ৰুচেভেল্টৰ পাছতেই তেওঁক আতাইতকৈ মুকলি ভাৱে শক্তি লাভ কৰা ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিৰ পত্নী বুলিব পাৰি।<ref>Troy 2006, p.&nbsp;xii.</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=First Lady President?|author=Rajghatta, Chidanand|date=January–February 2004|work=[[Verve (magazine)|Verve]]|authorlink=Chidanand Rajghatta|url=http://www.verveonline.com/27/people/hillary/full.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040701113441/http://www.verveonline.com/27/people/hillary/full.shtml|archivedate=July 1, 2004}}</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:Hrcfamily.jpg|alt=Chelsea, Hillary, and Bill Clinton depart a helicopter|left|thumb|ক্লিণ্টন পৰিয়ালৰ হুৱাইট হাউছত প্ৰৱেশ]] [[চিত্ৰ:President_Clinton,_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_and_Chelsea_Clinton_greet_troops_at_Tuzla_Air_Force_Base_in_Bosnia_-_Flickr_-_The_Central_Intelligence_Agency_(4).jpg|thumb|১৯৯৭ত সামৰিক জোৱানৰ সৈতে হিলাৰি ক্লিণ্টন]] [[চিত্ৰ:Hrcraad.jpg|alt=Clinton reads a book to an African American grade school class|left|thumb|ৰিড এক্ৰছ আমেৰিকাত ক্লিণ্টন, ১৯৯৭ত]] [[চিত্ৰ:Photograph of First Lady Hillary Clinton at the United Nations Conference on Women in Beijing, China - DPLA - de696cbb989497f9f65d8cf9089667b8.jpg|alt=Clinton speaking at a podium with several onlookers|right|thumb|১৯৯৫ৰ ক্লিণ্টনৰ বিখ্যাত "মানৱ অধিকাৰ নাৰীৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু নাৰীৰ অধিকাৰ মানৱ অধিকাৰ" ("হ্যুমেন ৰাইটছ আৰ ৱমেন্স ৰাইটছ এণ্ড ৱমেন্স ৰাইটছ আৰ হ্যুমেন ৰাইটছ") ভাষণ, বেইজিঙত]] == ইউ এছ চেক্ৰেটেৰি অৱ ষ্টেট == === নিযুক্তি === [[চিত্ৰ:Hillary_Clinton_sworn_in_as_SecState_1-21-09_clinton-SIC-1.21.09_600_1.jpg|alt=Clinton taking oath as Secretary of State|thumb|শপত গ্ৰহণ]] নৱেম্বৰ ২০০৮ত বাৰাক অ'বামাই তেওঁৰ আগত ইউ এছ চেক্ৰেটেৰী অৱ ষ্টেট হোৱাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ ৰাখিছিল।<ref>Allen and Parnes 2014, pp.&nbsp;48–52.</ref> প্ৰথমে অধিক আগ্ৰহী নহ'লেও, পাছলৈ তেওঁ মান্তি হ'ল। ২০ নৱেম্বৰত তেওঁ অ'বামাক কথাটো জনালে।<ref name="nytm-rock">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/magazine/hillary-clintons-last-tour-as-a-rock-star-diplomat.html|title=Last Tour of the Rock-Star Diplomat|author=Myers, Steven Lee|magazine=The New York Times Magazine|date=July 1, 2012|pages=18–23, 49}}</ref><ref>Allen and Parnes 2014, pp.&nbsp;58–60.</ref> ১ ডিচেম্বৰত অবামাই ঘোষণা কৰিলে যে ক্লিণ্টন তেওঁৰ চেক্ৰেটেৰী অৱ ষ্টেটৰ নমিনি হ'ব। ক্লিণ্টন মন্তব্য কৰিলে যে তেওঁ চিনেট ত্যাগ কৰিব বিচৰা নাছিল, কিন্তু নতুন স্থানটো "কঠিন আৰু উৎসুকতাৰে পৰিপূৰ্ণ হ'ব"।<ref name="sky120108" /> আন আন নিয়মৰ পাছত ১৩ জানুৱাৰী ২০০৯ত হিলাৰি চেক্ৰেতেৰি অৱ ষ্ট্ৰ্ট হ'ল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/28624112/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409043257/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/28624112/|archivedate=2014-04-09|title=Senate panel backs Clinton as secretary of state|agency=Associated Press|publisher=NBC News|date=January 15, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/12/19/bush-approves-bill-reducing-secretary-of-states-pay/|title=Bush Approves Bill Reducing Secretary of State's Pay|author=Falcone, Michael|work=The New York Times|date=December 19, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/113740/Senate-Hearings-Begin-Hillary-Clintons-Image-Soars.aspx|title=As Senate Hearings Begin, Hillary Clinton's Image Soars|author=Jones, Jeffrey M.|publisher=Gallup Organization|date=January 13, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/28624112/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409043257/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/28624112/|archivedate=2014-04-09|title=Senate panel backs Clinton as secretary of state|agency=Associated Press|publisher=NBC News|date=January 15, 2009}}</ref><ref name="kate phillips">{{Cite news|url=http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/21/senate-debates-clinton-confirmation/|title=Senate Confirms Clinton as Secretary of State|last=Phillips|first=Kate|date=January 21, 2009|work=The New York Times}}</ref> যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ কেবিনেটত কাম কৰা প্ৰথম প্ৰাক্তন লেডী হিচাপে হিলাৰি চিহ্নিত হ'ল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.npr.org/blogs/politicaljunkie/2008/12/obama_brings_hillary_to_cabine.html|title=Obama Brings Hillary to Cabinet, GOP to Ariz. State House|author=Rudin, Ken|publisher=NPR|date=December 1, 2008}}</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:US_Secretary_of_State_at_the_London_Conference_on_Libya_(5570842641).jpg|left|thumb|লণ্ডনত বিঠক]] [[চিত্ৰ:Secretary Clinton Meets Daw Aung San Suu Kyi for Dinner (6437448295).jpg|alt=Clinton standing with Aung San Suu Kyi|right|thumb|চেক্ৰেটেৰি ক্লিণ্টন আৰু ম্যানমাৰৰ অং চা চু চি]] == ২০১৬ চনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰচাৰ == ১২ এপ্ৰিল ২০১৫ত ক্লিণ্টনে ঘোষণা কৰিলে যে তেও ২০১৬ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনৰ বাবে প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্ব্বিতা কৰিব।<ref name="nyt-2016-announ">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/us/politics/hillary-clinton-2016-presidential-campaign.html|title=Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid|author=Chozick, Amy|work=The New York Times|date=April 12, 2015}}</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:Hillary_Clinton_Philadelphia_rally_4-20-16_(cropped).JPG|alt=Hillary Clinton, a 68-year-old white woman with blonde hair, holding a microphone and wearing a blue suit.|left|thumb|ফিলডেলফিয়াত ক্লিণ্টন]] ২৬ জুলাই ২০১৬ত তেওক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে দেমক্ৰেটিক পাৰ্টিৰ প্ৰাৰ্থী নিযুক্ত কৰা হ'ল।<ref>Alan Rappeport, Yamiche Alcindor & Jonathan Martin, [http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/27/us/politics/dnc-speakers-sanders-clinton.html Democrats Nominate Hillary Clinton Despite Sharp Divisions],, ''New York Times'' (July 26, 2016).</ref> == <font style="background-color: rgb(254, 252, 224);"></font> == == টোকা == {{Reflist|30em|group="nb"}} == References == {{Reflist|20em}} [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] 4uuz70v52xsyl1aqsqz71xnmudjl7iq 0 44258 608805 606292 2026-05-26T08:29:00Z CommonsDelinker 118 Removing [[:c:File:Coin_of_Shamsuddin_Muzaffar_Shah_dated_to_1492_(898_AH).png|Coin_of_Shamsuddin_Muzaffar_Shah_dated_to_1492_(898_AH).png]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Non-free image uploaded by mistake. 608805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = কমতা |conventional_long_name = কমতা ৰাজ্য |common_name = |country = |era = ভাৰতৰ মধ্যযুগীয় ৰাজ্য |status = |event_start = |year_start = ১৩ম শতিকা |date_start = |event1 = |date_event1 = |event_end = হুছেইন শ্বাহৰ আক্ৰমণ |year_end = ১৪৯৮ |date_end = |p1 = কামৰূপ |flag_p1 = |p2 = |flag_p2 = |s1 = [[কোচ ৰাজবংশ|কোচ ৰাজ্য]] |flag_s1 = |image_flag = |flag_type = |image_coat = |image_map = File:Kamata Kingdom Map.jpg |image_map_caption = কমতাপুৰ ৰাজধানীৰ সৈতে ১৪-১৫ শতিকাৰ কমতা ৰাজ্য |capital = [[কমতাপুৰ]] |common_languages = কমতাপুৰীয়া আৰু অসমীয়া |religion = হিন্দু, জনজাতীয় আৰু ইছলাম |government_type = হিন্দু আৰু জনজাতীয়‌ ৰাজতন্ত্ৰ |title_leader = কমতেশ্বৰ |leader1=দুৰ্লভ নাৰায়ণ |year_leader1= ১৪-১৫ শতিকা |legislature = }} '''কমতা ৰাজ্য''' ত্ৰয়োদশ শতিকাত [[পাল ৰাজবংশ]]ৰ পতনৰ পাছত পুৰণি [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য]]ৰ পশ্চিম অংশত গঠিত হয়।<ref>Kamarupa was reorganized as a new state. 'Kamata' by name with Kamatapur as capital. The exact time when the change was made is uncertain. But possibly it had been made by Sandhya (c1250-1270) as a safeguard against mounting dangers from the east and the west. Its control on the eastern regions beyond the Manah (Manas river) was lax." {{harv|Sarkar|1992|pp=40–41}}</ref> কমতা ৰাজ্যৰ উত্থানৰ লগে লগে [[অসম বুৰঞ্জী]]ৰ প্ৰাচীন যুগ শেষ হয় আৰু মধ্য যুগ আৰম্ভ হয়। এই অঞ্চলৰ শেষ শাসক আছিল খেন বংশ যাক গৌড়ৰ শাসক আল্লাউদ্দিন হুছেইন শ্বাহে ক্ষমতাচ্যুত কৰে। প্ৰশাসনিক গাঁথনিৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিলেও হুছেইন শ্বাহে এই অঞ্চল নিয়ন্ত্ৰণত ৰাখিব নোৱাৰিলে আৰু [[কোচ ৰাজবংশ]]ই ইয়াত অসাসন কৰিবলৈ লয়। কোচসকলে নিজকে ''কমতেশ্বৰ'' (কমতাৰ শাসক) বুলি কৈছিল, কিন্তু তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰভাৱ আৰু বিস্তৃতি ইমানেই বাঢ়িছিল যে তেওঁলোকৰ ৰাজ্যক [[কোচ ৰাজ্য]]ও বোলা হয়। পাছলৈ ৰাজ্যখন দুভাগ হৈ পৰে: [[কোচ বিহাৰ]] আৰু [[কোচ হাজো]]। পূবৰ ৰাজ্য কোচ হাজো ১৭শ শতিকাত আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত হয়। পশ্চিমৰ অংশ কোচ বিহাৰ কোচ ৰাজবংশৰ হাততে থাকে আৰু ভাৰতৰ স্বাধীনতাৰ পাছত ভাৰতত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয়।<ref>http://coochbehar.nic.in/htmfiles/royal_history2.html</ref> ==কমতা ৰাজ্য স্থাপন== কোচ বংশৰ উত্থানৰ পূৰ্বৰ কামতা ৰাজ্য অঞ্চলৰ ৰাজনৈতিক ইতিহাস অনিশ্চিত হৈ আছে আৰু ইয়াক বহুলাংশে পৰম্পৰা আৰু সিঁচৰতি উৎসৰ পৰা পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে। ইতিহাসবিদসকলে পিছৰ সাহিত্যিক গ্ৰন্থ, বংশাৱলীৰ পৰম্পৰা আৰু পুৰ্বদৃষ্টিসম্পন্ন বুৰঞ্জীৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে সীমিত এপিগ্ৰাফিক প্ৰমাণৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰিছে, যাৰ ফলত পুনৰ্গঠনসমূহ আংশিক হৈয়েই আছে।<ref>Neog, Maheswar, "Early History of the Vaiṣṇava Faith and Movement in Assam, p.39,"The political history of Kāmarūpa of the times immediately preceding the age of Śaṅkaradeva still remains a virgin field of research...For a reconstruction of the history of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries we have to depend upon the scanty evidences afforded by some copperplate and stone inscriptions, the political works of several pre-Śaṅkaradeva poets and of Śaṅkaradeva himself, the guru-caritas, the rāja-vaṁśāvalīs of the Koch kings of Kāmarūpa; and have also to refer in some instances to Muhammedan chronicles"</ref> ইতিহাসবিদ স্বৰ্ণলতা বৰুৱাৰ মতে ১৩ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত সন্ধ্যা নামৰ এজন ৰজাই কামৰূপৰনগৰ ৰাজধানী কৰি কামৰূপ অঞ্চলত শাসন কৰি আছিল। <ref>{{harvcol|Baruah|1986|p=175}}</ref> ১২৫৭ চনত মালিক ইখতিয়াৰুদ্দিন ইউজবাকৰ আক্ৰমণৰ‌ ফলত (য'ত ইউজবাক নিহত হয়<ref>"Finally the Bengal army was routed in an open encounter in a narrow mountainous defile. An arrowshot wounded the elephant-borne Sultan in the chest. The Rajah allowed the captured Sultan to see his son before being killed." {{harvcol|Sarkar|1992|pp=38–40}}</ref>) সন্ধ্যাই নিজৰ ৰাজধানী বৰ্তমানৰ কুচ বেহাৰ চহৰৰ ওচৰৰ কামতাপুৰলৈ লৈ যায়। সন্ধ্যাই কামেশ্বৰ নাম লয় আৰু ৰাজ্যখন "কামতা" নামেৰে জনাজাত হয়।<ref>{{harvcol|Baruah|1986|p=176}}</ref> এই সময়ছোৱাতে কমতাপুৰৰ ৰাজকুঁৱৰীক‌ [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য|চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ]] নৃপতি [[ৰত্নধ্বজপাল|ৰত্নধ্বজপালৰ]] পুত্ৰ বিজয়ধ্বজপাললৈ দিয়ে।<ref>Bhuyan, Surjya Kumar,"Deodhai Asam Buranji,p. 166</ref> ==চুতীয়া ৰাজবংশ== ১৩-১৪ শতিকাত গৌড়ৰ মুচলমান ৰজাসকলে কেইবা বাৰো কমতা ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল, যাৰ ফলত ৰাজ্যখন দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৪ শতিকাৰ অন্তিমটো দশকত ঘিয়াছুদ্দিন আজম শ্বাহে কামৰূপ-কমতা অঞ্চল আক্ৰমণ কৰে। তেওঁৰ ৰাজত্বকালৰ পূৰ্বমুখী সামৰিক অভিযানৰ প্ৰমাণ কামৰুপ অঞ্চলৰ বʼকুত উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা এখন শিলালিপিত পোৱা যায়<ref>Owahedur Zaman, "Study on the Persian Inscriptions discovered in Assam,p.5, "This stone slab inscription is from the time of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah (ruled from 1389 A.D. to 1410 A.D). It was discovered in Boko of Kamrup district which was issued by Sultan Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah in 1389 A.D. It seems that he extended his sovereignty through Guwahati upto Boko area."</ref>। এই আক্ৰমণৰ ফলত পশ্চিম অসমত ৰাজনৈতিক অস্থিৰতা সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। সেইসময়তে পূব দিশত চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যখন শক্তিশালী হৈ উঠিছিল। ফল স্বৰূপত চুতীয়া ৰাজশক্তিয়ে পশ্চিম পিনে পাতনি মেলে। [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য|চুতীয়া ৰজা]] দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ (ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণৰ পুত্ৰ) ১৪২৮ চনৰ তাম্ৰলিপিত উল্লেখ আছে যে তেওঁৰ‌ ককাক সত্যনাৰায়ণে (আন‌ এটা নাম ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ<ref>ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণো আছিল। এই কথা ঘিলামৰা অঞ্চলৰ বৰমূৰ্তিয়া বিলৰ তাম্ৰপত্ৰৰ পৰা জানিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ফলিখনৰ মতে ১৩৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত সুৰ-ৰিপু(অসুৰ) বংশৰ সধয়াপুৰৰ ৰজা নন্দিশ্বৰৰ পুত্ৰ সত্যনায়াণে ব্ৰাহ্মণক ২০০ পুৰা(৮০০ বিঘা) মাটি দান কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ(আত্মজ) ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাই ফলিখনৰ নবীকৰণ কৰিছিল। গতিকে ইয়াৰ পৰা বুজিব পাৰি যে ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণ ৰজাৰ পিতৃ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণৰ আন এটা নাম সত্যনাৰায়ণ আছিল।</ref>) সেই একে সময়ছোৱাতে (১৩৯০-১৪০০<ref>সত্যনাৰায়ণৰ ৰাজত্ব কাল ১৩৯০ বা তাৰো আগৰ পৰা ১৪০০ লৈকে হ'ব লাগে। তেওঁৰ দিনৰ ১৩৯২ খৃষ্টাব্দৰ দুখন তাম্ৰলিপি উদ্ধাৰ হৈছে। ১৪০১ চনত তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ লক্ষ্মীনাৰায়ণে ভূমি দান কৰিছিল</ref>) “কামৰুপৰ শত্রু”ক পৰাস্ত কৰি কমতাপুৰত‌ নিজৰ শাসন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। ভূমিদানৰ ফলিখনত উল্লেখ আছে, {{blockquote|"একোহভূ্ৎ কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিতঃ</br> কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণঃ।।"</br>}} অৰ্থাৎ এজন হৈছিল (একোহভূৎ) কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা (কমতাপুৰে নৰপতি), যি জন আছিল "ভূপাল সমূহৰদ্বাৰা অৰ্চিত"(ভূপাল-ৱাৰাৰ্চ্চিত) আৰু "কামদেৱৰ(আন এটা নাম কন্দৰ্প) শত্ৰুৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বিজয়ী" (কন্দৰ্প-প্ৰতিপক্ষ-লক্ষ-ৱিজয়ী) শ্ৰী ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ। ফলিখনত যদিও এই “শত্রু”ৰ স্পষ্ট পৰিচয় উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই, তথাপিও ইতিহাসবিদসকলে ধাৰণা কৰে যে ই গৌড়ৰ মুচলমান সেনাবাহিনী অথবা কমৰুপৰ সিংহাসনৰ বাবে প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা কৰা কোনো স্থানীয় ৰাজনৈতিক শক্তি হ’ব পাৰে, যাক চুতীয়া ৰজাই পৰাস্ত কৰিছিল। এইদৰে গৌড়ৰ সামৰিক চাপ আৰু কমৰুপ-কমতা অঞ্চলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা অস্থিৰতাৰ সুযোগ লৈ চুতীয়া শক্তিয়ে পশ্চিমলৈ বিস্তাৰ কৰি কমতাপুৰত নিজৰ আধিপত্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল বুলি বুজা যায়।<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> ===দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পৰিচয় আৰু বিতৰ্ক=== ঐতিহাসিক তথ্যৰ অনুসৰি কমতা ৰাজ্যৰ "দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ" নামৰ এজন ৰজাই অসমীয়া কবি [[হেম সৰস্বতী]], [[হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ]], আদি বহু লেখকক পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা আগবঢ়াইছিল।<ref>হেম সৰস্বতীয়ে তেওঁৰ প্ৰহ্লাদ চৰিত গ্ৰন্থত দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰি লিখিছে—“কামতামণ্ডল দুৰ্লভ নাৰায়ণ নৃপবৰ অনুপাম”। এই শাৰীকেইটাৰ পৰা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণক কমতা মণ্ডলৰ অধিপতি আৰু সাহিত্য-সংস্কৃতিৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষক ৰজা হিচাপে বুজা যায়।</ref> গুৰু চৰিতৰ বৰ্ণনা অনুসৰি কমতা-কামৰূপৰ ৰজা দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণে কানৌজৰ পৰা অহা বহু ব্ৰাহ্মণ আৰু কায়স্থ ভুঞা পৰিয়ালক নিজৰ ৰাজ্যত আশ্ৰয় দি পূৰ্বাঞ্চলত বসতি স্থাপনৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছিল। [[শঙ্কৰদেৱ|শ্ৰীমন্ত শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ]] পূৰ্বপুৰুষ সকলও এই স্থানান্তৰিত পৰিয়ালসমূহৰ মাজৰে এটা পৰিয়াল আছিল। এই পৰিয়ালসমূহক প্ৰথমতে উত্তৰ গুৱাহাটীৰ ওচৰৰ লেঙামাগুৰি আৰু পাছলৈ নগাঁৱৰ তেম্বুৱানী-বান্ধা(ঢেমনী) অঞ্চলত বসতি দিয়া হৈছিল বুলি গুৰু চৰিতত উল্লেখ আছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp. 27–29.</ref> ইতিহাসবিদ মহেশ্বৰ নেওগে পৰৱৰ্তী কালৰ চৰিত-পুথি আৰু বৈষ্ণৱ পৰম্পৰাৰ ভিত্তিত শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ জন্ম-চন ১৪৪৯ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ বুলি গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু এই অনুসৰি দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ ৰাজত্ব কাল ১৪ শতিকাৰ মধ্যভাগ বুলি অনুমান কৰিছিল। কিন্তু ২০১৬ চনত লিখা গৱেষণামূলক প্ৰবন্ধত ইতিহাসবিদ বাণীপ্ৰশন্ন মীশ্ৰই উপলব্ধ তথ্যসমূহ পুনৰ বিশ্লেষণ কৰি এই গণনাক নাকচ কৰে আৰু শঙ্কৰদেৱৰ জন্ম সম্ভৱতঃ খ্ৰীষ্টীয় ১৪৭৯–১৪৮৪ চনৰ ভিতৰত হৈছিল বুলি মত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp. 19-20.</ref> সেই অনুসৰি তেওঁ দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ শাসনকালো পুনৰ নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰি চতুৰ্দশ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগৰ পৰা পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথম ভাগৰ মাজত হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>Baniprasanna Misra, ''Srimanta Sankara and His Times: Some Further Historical Probings'', Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University, 2016, pp.23</ref> হেম সৰস্বতীয়ে দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণক ‘‘কমতামণ্ডল’’ৰ ৰজা বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>''প্ৰহ্লাদ চৰিত্ৰ''' উল্লেখ কৰিছে- "কমতামণ্ডল দুলৰ্ভনাৰায়ণ নৃপবৰ অনুপম৷ তাহান ৰাজ্যত ৰুদ্ৰসৰস্বতী দেৱযানী কন্যা নাম৷৷ তাহান তনয় হেমসৰস্বতী ধ্ৰুৱৰ অনুজ ভাই৷"</ref><ref name="sarma">{{cite book | title=অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ সমীক্ষাত্মক ইতিবৃত্ত | publisher=প্ৰতিমা দেৱী | author=ড: [[সত্যেন্দ্ৰনাথ শৰ্মা]] | authorlink=| year=১৯৯৬ | location=গুৱাহাটী | pages=৫৩-৫৪}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন কামৰূপৰ তাম্ৰশাসন আৰু সংস্কৃত ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিভাষাত ‘‘মণ্ডল’’ শব্দটো এক আঞ্চলিক বা ৰাজনৈতিক পৰিসৰ বুজাবলৈহে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। আনহাতে, চুতীয়া তামৰ ফলিত দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰে ‘‘সাধয়াপতি’’ বা সদিয়াৰ ৰজা বুলি পৰিচয় দিয়া দেখা নাযায়; তাৰ বিপৰীতে তেওঁৰ পূৰ্বপুৰুষ ৰত্ননাৰায়ণ ‘‘কমতাপুৰ’’ৰ ৰজা হৈছিল বুলিহে উল্লেখ কৰিছে। দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণে পৃষ্ঠাপোষকতা আগ বঢ়োৱা আন এজন কবি হৈছে "হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ"। ইতিহাসবিদ মহেশ্বৰ নেওগে এইজন কবিকে ৰামানন্দ দ্বিজৰ "শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বংশী গোপালদেৱ চৰিত"ত উল্লেখ কৰা [[গোপালদেৱ|বংশীগোপালদেৱৰ]] ককাক হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰ বুলি চিনাক্ত কৰিছে।<ref name="ভৰালী">{{cite book | title=এহেজাৰ বছৰৰ এশগৰাকী অসমীয়া | publisher=চিত্ৰলেখা পাব্লিকেশ্বন্‌ছ | author=ভৰালী, হেমন্ত কুমাৰ | year=২০০১ | location=গুৱাহাটী | pages=২৯৮-২৯৯}}</ref> ৰচনাখনত হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰক ''"কুণ্ডিল গোষ্ঠীত জাত পুৰুষ সুন্দৰ / ব্যাঘ্ৰপিণ্ডা গ্ৰামেশ্বৰ মুখ্য পণ্ডিতৰ"'' বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে, অৰ্থাৎ তেওঁক কুণ্ডিল বা চুতীয়া ৰাজধানী [[শদিয়া]] অঞ্চলৰ লোক আৰু ব্যাঘ্ৰপিণ্ডা গাঁৱৰ গ্ৰামেশ্বৰ বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite book |title=Harivara Vipra’s Babrubahnar Yuddha and Tamradhwajar Yuddha |editor=Birinchi Kumar Barua; Maheswar Neog |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1960 |page=}}</ref> চৰিত পুথিখনৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে গোপালদেৱৰ জন্ম উজনি অসমৰ শিৱসাগৰ অঞ্চলত হৈছিল আৰু‌ কোচ ৰজা নৰনাৰায়ণৰ দিনত তেওঁক পৰিয়ালৰ সৈতে কামৰূপৰ ভৱানীপুৰত থাকিবলৈ দিয়া হৈছিল। <ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.463350/page/n145/mode/2up?q=Gopal Barua, Birichi Kumar, "Sankardeva: Vaishnavite Saint of Assam",p.121</ref> মহেশ্বৰ নেওগৰ মতে হৰিবৰ বিপ্ৰৰ ৰচনাত ‘‘চেতিয়া’’ শব্দৰ উল্লেখো পোৱা যায়। এই শব্দ কিছু ইতিহাসবিদে আহোম যুগৰ পৰৱৰ্তী সংস্কৰণত যোগ হোৱা বুলি ক'ব খোজে।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kakati |first=Banikanta |title=Aspects of Early Assamese Literature |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1953 |page=34}}</ref> কিন্তু বুৰঞ্জী সমূহৰ পৰা দেখা যে এই ''চেতিয়া'' পদবী চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যতো আছিল<ref>Bhuyan, S.K, "Deodhai Buranji, p.16</ref> আৰু চুহুংমুঙে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য দখল কৰাৰ পাছৰ পৰাহে আহোম ৰাজ্যত প্ৰচলিত হৈছিল।<ref>S.K, "Satsari Buranji, p.16</ref> "কবিৰত্ন সৰস্বতী"ৰ ৰচনাৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে তেওঁক দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ পুত্ৰ ইন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণয়ে পৃষ্ঠা পোষকতা আগ বঢ়াইছিল। ইতিহাসবিদ বাণীপ্ৰশন্ন মীশ্ৰৰ মতে মাধৱদেৱৰ ভনীয়েক উৰ্বশীয়ে দহ বছৰ বয়সত (১৫২৬ শতিকাত)<ref>{{cite book |last=Misra |first=Baniprasanna |title=Deprovincialising Srimanta Sankaradeva |publisher=Centre for Assamese Studies, Tezpur University |year=2015 |pages=24–25 }}</ref> এই কবিজনৰ বংশৰ ৰামদাস আতাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ৰামদাস ৰত্ন সৰস্বতীৰ পাছৰ ষষ্ঠ প্ৰজন্মৰ পুৰুষ আছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kakati |first=Banikanta |title=Aspects of Early Assamese Literature |publisher=Gauhati University |year=1953 |page=44}}</ref> সেই অনুসৰি ইন্দ্ৰনাৰায়ণৰ শাসনকালও পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথমাৰ্ধৰ মাজভাগত (প্ৰায় ১৪২০–১৪৪০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) আছিল বুলি অনুমান কৰিব পাৰি। এই সকলো তথ্যসমূহৰ ভিত্তিত কিছু গৱেষকে কমতা, কামৰূপ আৰু শদিয়া একেই ৰাজ শক্তিয়ে পৰিচালিত কৰিছিল বুলি ক'ব খোজে।<ref>"The eastern region, whether it is called Sadhaya or Svadhaya as in the plates or Sadhiya or Sadiya as in Assamese chronicles and the western region of Kamatapura seems to be politically connected and the same Satyanarayana/Ratnanarayana might have held sway over both regions"{{harvcol|Neog|1977|p=818}}</ref> তথাপিটো কমতাপুৰৰ এই দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ আৰু চুতীয়া বংশৰ দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণ‌ একে ব্যক্তি আছিল নে নাই, সেই বিষয়ে ইতিহাসবিদ সকলৰ মাজত বৰ্তমানেও একমত পোৱা নাযায়। ==খেন ৰাজবংশ== {{Main|খেন ৰাজবংশ}} [[খেন ৰাজবংশ]]ই তেওঁলোকৰ ৰাজধানী কমতাপুৰ বা গোসানীমাৰীৰ (বৰ্তমান [[কোচ বিহাৰ জিলা]]ত) পৰা শাসন কৰিছিল। শেষ ৰজা [[কমতাৰ নীলাম্বৰ|নীলাম্বৰে]] (১৪৮০-১৪৯৮) ৰাজ্য বহলাই বৰ্তমানৰ পশ্চিম বংগৰ কোচ বিহাৰ জিলা, অসমৰ অবিভক্ত কামৰূপ আৰু [[দৰং জিলা]], আৰু [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰ উত্তৰ মৈমনছিং আৰু দিনজাপুৰ জিলাৰ পূব অংশ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Harvcol|Sarkar|1992|p=44}}</ref> এই ৰাজবংশটোৰ শাসনৰ শেষৰ পিনে (১৪৯২–৯৩ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত) বংগৰ ছামছুদ্দিন মুজাফ্ফৰ শ্বাহই কামতা ৰাজ্যৰ অন্ততঃ কিছু অংশ আক্ৰমণ কৰি জয় কৰে, আৰু পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ''কমতা মৰ্দন'' উপাধি থকা মোহৰ মাৰে।<ref>{{cite Banglapedia|article=Coins|author=Muhammad Rezaul Karim}}</ref> ==হুছেইন শ্বাহৰ আক্ৰমণ== [[গৌড় ৰাজ্য|গৌড়ৰ]] আফগান শাসক আল্লাউদ্দিন হুছেইন শ্বাহে (১৪৯৪-১৫১৯) ১৪৯৮ চনত শেষ খেন ৰজাক ক্ষমতাচ্যুত কৰে।<ref>আক্ৰমণৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ জনা নাযায়। {{Harvcol|Sarkar|1992|pp=46–47}} চাওক। </ref> পৰম্পৰাগত তথ্য অনুসৰি কমতা ৰাণীৰ লগত কমতাৰ বিষয়া এজনৰ পুত্ৰৰ গোপন সম্পৰ্কৰ পৰাই এই ঘটনাৰ সূত্ৰপাত হয়। হুছেইন শ্বাহে ২৪,০০০ পদাতিক, অশ্বাৰোহী সেনা আৰু যুঁজাৰু নাৱেৰে কমতা আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Harvcol|Sarkar|1992|p=46}}</ref> হুছেইন শ্বাহে নগৰখন ধ্বংস কৰি [[হাজো]]লৈকে অঞ্চলটো নিজৰ হাতলৈ আনে আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰক সিংহাসনত বহুৱায়। হুছেইন শ্বাহে আগৰ গোষ্ঠীপতিসকলক অব্যাহতি দি অঞ্চলটোত সামৰিক শাসন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। তেওঁ "কমৰু, কমতাৰ বিজেতা" বুলি নিজৰ মোহৰ সজাইছিল। পাছলৈ [[বাৰ ভূঞা]]কে ধৰি স্থানীয় দলপতিসমূহৰ চেষ্টাত হুছেইন শ্বাহে এই অঞ্চলৰ সামৰিক আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ হেৰুৱায়। স্থানীয় নেতাসকলে এই অঞ্চল শাসন কৰিবলৈ লয় আৰু [[কোচ ৰাজবংশ]]ৰ উত্থান হয়। আফগান শাসনৰ প্ৰভাৱ পাছলৈও থাকি যায়। হুছেইন শ্বাহৰ মোহৰ কোচ বংশৰ শাসনকালত ১৫১৮ চনলৈকে ব্যৱহৃত হৈছিল। ==কোচ ৰাজবংশ== {{Main|কোচ ৰাজবংশ}} ষোড়শ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত[[কোচ ৰাজবংশী]]য় বিশ্ব সিংহ‌ই (১৫১৫-১৫৪০) কমতাত [[কোচ ৰাজ্য]] প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। সেই শতিকাৰে শেষৰফালে ৰাজ্যখনৰ পূবফালৰ [[কোচ হাজো]] শাসন কৰা ৰজাই নিজকে স্বাধীন ঘোষণা কৰে। কোচ হাজো আৰু কোচ বিহাৰ পৃথক হৈ পৰে আৰু সেই দুখন ৰাজ্যৰ সীমা বৰ্তমানৰ প্ৰায় [[অসম]] আৰু [[পশ্চিম বংগ]]ৰ সীমা হৈ পৰে। ১৬১৫ চনত [[মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্য|মোগলে]] কোচ হাজো অধিকাৰ কৰে। অঞ্চলটো লৈ [[আহোম ৰাজ্য|আহোম]] আৰু মোগলৰ সংঘাতৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। শেষত এই অঞ্চল আহোমৰ হাতলৈ যায়। পশ্চিম অংশৰ [[কোচ বিহাৰ|কোচ বিহাৰে]] প্ৰথমে মোগলৰ লগত আৰু পাছত ব্ৰিটিছৰ লগত মিত্ৰতা কৰে। ভাৰতত ব্ৰিটিছৰ শাসনৰ শেষলৈকে ইয়াত ৰাজকীয় শাসন চলিছিল। ==আৰু চাওক== *[[কোচ ৰাজবংশী]] ==টোকা== {{reflist|2}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{refbegin}} * {{Citation |last=Sarkar |first=J. N. |contribution=Chapter II The Turko-Afghan Invasions |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H. K. |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam |volume=2 |pages=35–48 |publisher=Assam Publication Board |place=Guwahati |year=1992}} {{refend}} * {{Citation |last=Baruah |first=S L |title=A Comprehensive History of Assam |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.|place=New Delhi |year=1986}} *{{Cite journal|last=Neog|first=Maheswar|title=Light on a Ruling Dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries|date=1977|journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|volume=58/59|pages=813–820|jstor=41691751|issn=0378-1143}} {{History of Assam}} <references/> [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ইতিহাস]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কামতাপুৰ]] dih1u3wryc2jmm3fidbpq6kcgm7p583 0 51194 608763 602297 2026-05-26T07:20:59Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox software | name = টিকটক | released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2016|9}} | latest release version = ১১.১.২ | latest release date = ২৯ এপ্ৰিল ২০১৯ | operating system = [[iOS]], [[এণ্ড্ৰইড]] | size = 80.19 MB (এণ্ড্ৰইড)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ss.android.ugc.trill|title=TikTok|website=Play Store}}</ref> | language = | language count = ৩৩ | language footnote =<ref name="tunes">{{cite web|title=Tik Tok - including musical.ly|url=https://itunes.apple.com/app/tiktok-real-short-videos/id835599320|work=[[iTunes]]|accessdate=3 August 2018}}</ref> | genre = [[Video hosting service|Video sharing]] | license = [[Freeware]] | alexa = | website = [https://www.tiktok.com/ tiktok.com] (ইংৰাজী)<br>[https://www.douyin.com/ douyin.com] (চীনা) }} '''টিকটক''' ({{Lang-en|TikTok}}) বা '''ডয়ইন''' ({{Lang-zh|抖音}}; pinyin: Dǒuyīn; অৰ্থ: 'কম্পিত শব্দ') iOS আৰু [[এণ্ড্ৰইড|এণ্ড্ৰইডত]] উপলদ্ধ এটা মিডিয়া এপ যিটো ছুটি ভিডিঅ' প্ৰকাশ আৰু প্ৰচাৰ কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। এই এপটোৱে ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলক ৩-১৫ ছেকেণ্ডৰ ছুটি সংগীতৰ<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.guidingtech.com/top-tiktok-musically-app-tips-tricks/|title=Top 10 TikTok (Musical.ly) App Tips and Tricks|access-date=20 November 2018|language=en-in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.zhiliaoapp.musically&hl=en|title=TikTok - Apps on Google Play|language=en|access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> আৰু ৩-৬০ ছেকেণ্ডৰ লুপিং ভিডিঅ' প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ সুবিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। টিকটক [[এছিয়া]], [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] আৰু বিশ্বৰ অন্যান্য প্ৰান্তৰ এক আগশাৰীৰ ছুটি ভিডিঅ' প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ প্লেটৰ্ফম।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theindustryobserver.thebrag.com/tik-tok-most-popular-app/|title=TikTok is fast becoming the most popular app in the world|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-04-30}}</ref> ByteDance-ৰ স্বতাধিকাৰত নিয়ন্তিত এই এপটো ২০১৬ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[চীন]]ত ডয়ইন নামেৰে মুকলি কৰা হৈছিল<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jingdaily.com/douyin-luxury-brands/|title=Is Douyin the Right Social Video Platform for Luxury Brands? {{!}} Jing Daily|access-date=14 October 2018|language=en-US|archivedate=15 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915044636/https://jingdaily.com/douyin-luxury-brands/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://technode.com/2018/05/10/how-douyin-became-the-most-popular-app-in-the-world/|title=How Douyin became the most popular app in the world · TechNode|access-date=14 October 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.prnasia.com/story/187963-0.shtml|title=Tik Tok, a Global Music Video Platform and Social Network, Launches in Indonesia|language=en-us|access-date=5 January 2019}}</ref> আৰু প্ৰায় এবছৰ পিছত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বজাৰত টিকটক নামেৰে মুকলি কৰা হৈছিল। ২০১৮ চনত, এই এপটোৱে ৰ্সবাধিক জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰে আৰু ২০১৮ চনৰ অক্টোৱৰত আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ সৰ্বাধিক ডাউনলোড কৰা এপ হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tik Tok, a Global Music Video Platform and Social Network, Launches in Indonesia|url=https://en.prnasia.com/releases/apac/Tik_Tok_a_Global_Music_Video_Platform_and_Social_Network_Launches_in_Indonesia-187963.shtml}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://walkthechat.com/douyin-became-chinas-top-short-video-app-500-days/|title=How Douyin became China's top short-video App in 500 days – WalktheChat|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনৰ তথ্য অনুযায়ী, এই এপটো ১৫০ তকৈ অধিক বজাৰত আৰু ৭৫টা ভাষাত উপলদ্ধ। ২০১৮ চনত এই এপটোৰ সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বত ৫০০ মিলিয়নতকৈও বেছি ব্যৱহাৰকাৰী আছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/15/18095446/tiktok-jimmy-fallon-tony-hawk-downloads-revenue|title=TikTok surges past 6M downloads in the US as celebrities join the app|access-date=15 November 2018}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == === বিকাশ === ডয়ইন ByteDance-ৰ দ্বাৰা চীনত ২০১৬ চনৰ ছেপেম্বৰ মাহত মুকলি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jingdaily.com/douyin-luxury-brands/|title=Is Douyin the Right Social Video Platform for Luxury Brands? {{!}} Jing Daily|date=11 March 2018|access-date=30 October 2018|language=en-US|archivedate=15 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915044636/https://jingdaily.com/douyin-luxury-brands/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ডয়ইন মাত্ৰ ২০০ দিনত বিকাশ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু মাত্ৰ এবছৰৰ ভিতৰতেই ই প্ৰায় ১০০ মিলিয়ন ব্যবহাৰকাৰী পাবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল যাৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰায় প্ৰতিদিনেই ১ বিলিয়নতকৈ অধিক ভিডিঅ উপভোগ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://walkthechat.com/douyin-became-chinas-top-short-video-app-500-days/|title=How Douyin became China's top short-video App in 500 days|last=Graziani|first=Thomas|date=30 July 2018|language=en-US|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technode.com/2018/06/15/8-lessons-douyin/|title=8 Lessons from the rise of Douyin (Tik Tok) · TechNode|date=15 June 2018|language=en-US|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> চীনত এই এপটোৰ নাম ডয়ইন ৰাখি উক্ত এপটোক টিকটক নামেৰে নামকৰণ কৰি ২০১৭ চনৰ ছেপ্তেম্বৰ মাহত অন্য দেশসমূহত মুকলি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://en.prnasia.com/releases/apac/Tik_Tok_a_Global_Music_Video_Platform_and_Social_Network_Launches_in_Indonesia-187963.shtml|title=Tik Tok, a Global Music Video Platform and Social Network, Launches in Indonesia|access-date=30 October 2018|language=en-us}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনৰ ২৩ জানুৱাৰিত টিকটক এপ [[থাইলেণ্ড]] আৰু অনান্য বহু দেশৰ এপ ষ্টোৰত #১ নংবিনামূলীয়া মোবাইল এপ হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thailand.shafaqna.com/EN/TH/738296|title=Tik Tok, Global Short Video Community launched in Thailand with the latest AI feature, GAGA Dance Machine The very first short video app with a new function based on AI technology|access-date=15 March 2018|archivedate=10 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010511/http://thailand.shafaqna.com/EN/TH/738296|deadurl=yes}}</ref> মোবাইল ৰিচাৰ্ছ ৰ্ফাম ছেন্সৰ টাবাৰৰ তথ্য অনুয়ায়ী চীন দেশক বাদ দি টিকটক আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্টৰ ৮০ মিলিয়ন বাৰতকৈও বেছি আৰু সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বত ৮০০ মিলিয়ন বাৰতকৈও বেছি ডাউনলোড কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/21/tech/tiktok-app/index.html|title=TikTok is the latest social network sensation|last=Yurieff|first=Kaya|date=21 November 2018|access-date=}}</ref> জিমি ফেলন আৰু টনী হাৱকৰ দৰে তাৰকাই উক্ত এপটোত ২০১৮ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত যোগদান কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/15/18095446/tiktok-jimmy-fallon-tony-hawk-downloads-revenue|title=TikTok surges past 6M downloads in the US as celebrities join the app|last=Alexander|first=Julia|date=15 November 2018|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/tiktok-jimmy-fallon-musically-app-downloads-1203032629/|title=TikTok App Nears 80 Million U.S. Downloads After Phasing Out Musical.ly, Lands Jimmy Fallon as Fan|last=Spangler|first=Todd|date=20 November 2018|access-date=3 January 2019}}</ref> === Musical.ly ৰ সৈতে একত্ৰীকৰণ === ২০১৭ চনৰ ৯ নবেম্বৰত, টিকটকৰ অভিভাৱক কোম্পানী ByteDance, ৰ দ্বাৰা $১ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰত musical.ly ক ক্ৰয় কৰা হৈছিল, ই [[ছাংহাই|Shanghai]] ৰ এটা ৰ্ষ্টাটআপ আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lip-syncing-app-musical-ly-is-acquired-for-as-much-as-1-billion-1510278123|title=Social-Media App Musical.ly Is Acquired for as Much as $1 Billion|access-date=}}</ref><ref name="BusinessInsider">{{Cite news|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/social-video-app-musically-acquired-for-up-to-1-billion-2017-11?r=US&IR=T|title=Social video app Musical.ly acquired for up to $1 billion|work=Business Insider|access-date=5 September 2018|archivedate=5 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905175724/http://uk.businessinsider.com/social-video-app-musically-acquired-for-up-to-1-billion-2017-11?r=US&IR=T|deadurl=yes}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্টৰ যুৱ প্ৰজন্মৰ মাজত নিজৰ জনপ্ৰিয়তা বৃদ্বি কৰিবলৈ টিকটক ২০১৮ চনৰ ২ আগষ্টত musical.ly ৰ সৈতে একত্ৰিত হৈছিল যাতে দুয়োটা একলগ হৈ "টিকটক" নামেৰে এটা জনপ্ৰিয় ভিডিঅ সম্প্ৰদায় গঢ়াত সফল হয়।<ref name="BusinessInsider" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/music/news/musically-is-going-away-users-to-be-shifted-to-bytedance-e2-80-99s-tiktok-video-app/ar-BBLovl1|title=Musical.ly Is Going Away: Users to Be Shifted to Bytedance’s TikTok Video App|access-date=13 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beebom.com/musical-ly-app-to-be-shut-down-users-will-be-migrated-to-tiktok/|title=Musical.ly App To Be Shut Down, Users Will Be Migrated to TikTok|access-date=2019-04-30}}</ref> === অনান্য দেশসমূহত সম্প্ৰসাৰণ === ২০১৮ চনলৈকে টিকটক ১৫০খন দেশৰ বজাৰত আৰু ৭৫টা ভাষাত উপলদ্ধ হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/17/c_137330644.htm|title=Chinese video sharing app boost 500 monthly active users|access-date=2019-05-04|archivedate=2018-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010150345/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/17/c_137330644.htm|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jingdaily.com/douyin-not-for-luxury-brands/|title=Why China's Viral Video App Douyin is No Good for Luxury {{!}} Jing Daily|access-date=2019-05-04|archivedate=2018-12-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212084421/https://jingdaily.com/douyin-not-for-luxury-brands/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনৰ প্ৰথম ভাগলৈ এপলৰ এপ ষ্টোৰত ইয়াক ১০৪ মিলিয়ন বাৰ ডাউনলোড কৰা হৈছিল,, CNBC ক San Francisco ৰ Sensor Tower য়ে দিয়া তথ্য অনুসৰি ই [[ফেইচবুক|Facebook]], [[ইউটিউব|YouTube]] আৰু Instagram ক পিছ পেলাই সেই সময়ত বিশ্বৰ সৰ্বাধিক ডাউনলোড কৰা iOS এপত পৰিগণিত হৈছিল।<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/19/short-video-apps-like-douyin-tiktok-are-dominating-chinese-screens.html|title=The biggest trend in Chinese social media is dying, and another has already taken its place|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/02/tiktok-surpassed-facebook-instagram-snapchat-youtube-in-downloads-last-month/|title=TikTok surpassed Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat & YouTube in downloads last month|language=en-US|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> === ডইয়ন === টিকটকৰ পৰা পৃথকভাৱে, ডইয়ন ইয়াৰ বিকাশকৰ ৱেৱছাইটৰ পৰা উপলদ্ধ আৰু ২০১৬ চনৰ ছেপ্তেম্বৰ মাহত মুকলি কৰাৰ পৰাই ই নিজৰ একেই নাম ৰ্বতাই ৰাখিছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.douyin.com/|title=【抖音短视频】记录美好生活-Douyin.com|access-date=5 January 2019}}</ref> ডয়ইনৰ বজাৰ দখলৰ বাবে কৰা বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু চীনা তাৰকাসমূহৰ সৈতে কৰা বিভিন্ন প্ৰচাৰ ইয়াৰ জনপ্ৰিয়তাৰ এক মুখ্য কাৰণ। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, ২০১৮ চনত গালা বসন্ত উৎসৱৰ সময়ত কৰা প্ৰচাৰৰ ফলস্বৰূপেই ইয়াৰ ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীৰ সংখ্যা দৈনিক ৭০ মিলিয়নলৈ বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dragonsocial.net/blog/tik-tok-china-short-video/#one|title=Tik Tok-The #1 App in China (THE NEXT SNAPCHAT!)|access-date=|archivedate=2019-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608084746/https://www.dragonsocial.net/blog/tik-tok-china-short-video/#one|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰৱাৰি মাহত, ডয়ইনয়ে Modern Sky ৰ সৈতে গানসমূহ ৰাজস্বকৃত কৰিবলৈ সংযুক্ত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://chinamusicbusinessnews.com/?p=1843|title=Douyin launches partnership with Modern Sky to monetize music|access-date=15 March 2018|archivedate=10 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010353/http://chinamusicbusinessnews.com/?p=1843|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ == টিকটকৰ মোবাইল এপটোৱে ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলক পৃষ্ঠভূমিত পৰিচালিত গানসমূহৰ সৈতে চুটি ভিডিঅ’ প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ সুবিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। যিবোৰ পিছত এপটোৰ সৈতে সংযুক্ত এটা ফিল্টাৰৰ সৈতে স্পীড আপ বা স্পীড ডাউন কৰি পৰিবেশন কৰিব পৰা যায়। .<ref name="J. Xiao Yu March 3,2019">{{Cite journal|date=3 March 2019}}</ref> এই এপটোত এটা গানৰ ভিডিঅ’ বনাবলৈ ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলে এপটোত উপলব্ধ বিভিন্ন গানৰ সংমিশ্ৰণৰ পৰা যিকোনো এটা বাছি লৈ ফিল্টাৰৰ সৈতে ১৫ ছেকেণ্ডৰ বাবে ভিডিঅটোৰ স্পীড নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰি ইয়াক টিকটক আৰু অনান্য ছচিয়েল মিডিয়া প্লেটফৰ্মসমূহত আপলোড কৰিব পাৰে। {{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} এই এপটোৰ "ৰিয়েক্ট" বৈশিষ্ট্যই যিকোনো এটা ভিডিঅ’ত নিজৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ সুবিধা দিয়ে, এই সুবিধাটো এপটোৰ তলত অৱস্থিত। .<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> ইয়াৰ "duet" বৈশিষ্ট্যই যিকোনো এটা ভিডিঅ’ৰ সৈতে অন্য এটা ভিডিঅ সংযুক্ত কৰাৰ সুবিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। {{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} ইয়াত ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলৰ একাউণ্টসমূহ ব্যক্তিগতভাৱে গোপনীয় বা "private" কৰাৰ সুবিধাৰে সংযুক্ত। {{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} এই এপটোৰ ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলে তেওঁলোকৰ পোষ্টত কৰা কমেণ্ট, মেছেজ আৰু ৰিয়েক্টসমূহ কোনে কৰিব তাক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিব পাৰে। .{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} === কৃত্ৰিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা === টিকটকৰ দ্বাৰা ইয়াৰ ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলৰ আগ্ৰহ আৰু পছন্দক [[কৃত্ৰিম বুদ্ধিমত্তা|কৃত্ৰিম বুদ্ধিমত্তাৰ]] প্ৰয়োগ কৰি বিশ্লেষণ কৰা হয় আৰু প্ৰত্যেকজন ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীক নিজৰ পছন্দৰ বিষয়বস্ত প্ৰৰ্দশন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/bytedance-overseas-expansion-strategy-break-down|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|language=en-US|access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/beautytech-jp/how-cutting-edge-ai-is-making-chinas-tiktok-the-talk-of-town-4dd7b250a1a4|title=How cutting-edge AI is making China’s TikTok the talk of town|access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref> == স্বীকৃতি == ২০১৮ চনৰ জুন মাহত, টিকটক বিশ্বজুৰি ৫০০ মিলিয়ন সক্ৰিয় ৱ্যৱহাৰৰ্কতা আৰু চীনত প্ৰতিদিনে ১৫০ মিলিয়ন সক্ৰিয় ৱ্যৱহাৰৰ্কতাৰ সৈতে এক মাইলৰ খূঁটি পুতিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businessofapps.com/data/tik-tok-statistics/|title=TikTok Revenue and Usage Statistics (2019)|date=2019-01-10|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-30}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনৰ প্ৰথম ভাগত এপলৰ এপ ষ্টোৰত ১০৪ মিলিয়ন ডাউনলোডেৰে ই বিশ্বৰ ৰ্সবাধিক ডাউনলোড কৰা এপ হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হৈছিল,, যাৰ দ্বাৰা ই একে সময়তে PUBG Mobile, [[ইউটিউব|YouTube]], [[হোৱাৎছএপ|WhatsApp]] আৰু Instagram ৰ ডাউনলোড কৰা ৰেৰ্কড ভংগ কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0"/> এই এপটোৱে আৰম্ভণিৰে পৰাই বহ্ন ভাইৰেল ট্ৰেণ্ড আৰু ইণ্টাৰনেট চেলিব্ৰিটীৰ জন্ম দিছিল,বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ জনপ্ৰিয় গান আৰু ভিডিঅৰ দ্বাৰা ইয়াৰ জনপ্ৰিয়তা বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Life-Arts/Arts/J-pop-song-finds-new-life-in-China-a-decade-on|title=J-pop song finds new life in China, a decade on}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kr-asia.com/bytedance-general-manager-zhang-nan-tik-tok-meshes-with-chinas-consumption-upgrade-trends/|title=How Does Tik Tok Outperform Tencent’s Super App WeChat and Become One of China’s Most Popular Apps? (Part 1)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thatsmags.com/china/post/22198/viral-karma-s-a-bitch-meme-takes-chinese-video-app-by-storm|title=Viral 'Karma's a Bitch' Meme Takes Chinese Video App by Storm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/lifestyle/bots/2018/04/353909/enhancing-chin-hand-thingy|title=Enhancing that 'chin on a hand' thingy|date=6 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asiaone.com/business/tik-tok-a-global-music-video-platform-and-social-network-launches-in-indonesia|title=Tik Tok, a Global Music Video Platform and Social Network, Launches in Indonesia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.shine.cn/feature/lifestyle/1804062691/|title=Wannabe stars fuel video fad - SHINE|language=en}}</ref> === গোপনীয়তা,চাইবাৰ নিৰ্যাতন আৰু আসক্তিৰ শংকাসমূহ === এই এপটোৱে ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলক ভিডিঅৰ মাধ্যমেৰে সংযোগ কৰাৰ সুবিধা দিয়ে যিসকলে অন্য ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলৰ বিষয়ে প্ৰায়ে একো নাজানে, সেয়েহে ইয়াক Chatroulette সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হৈছিল। .<ref name="2018-11-16-cnetfr">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnetfrance.fr/news/les-dangers-de-tik-tok-pour-vos-enfants-et-comment-s-en-premunir-39876613.htm|title=Les dangers de Tik Tok pour vos enfants et comment s'en prémunir}}</ref> বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন দেশৰ সাংবাদিকসকলে এই এপটোৰ দ্বাৰা বৃহৎ পৰিমাণত হোৱা গোপনীয়তা ভংগৰ নীতিক লৈ প্ৰশ্ন কৰিছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ দ্বাৰা হোৱা শিশুৰ যৌন নগ্নতাক লৈও শংকাবোধ কৰিছিল<ref name="2018-11-16-cnetfr" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wnct.com/news/national/tik-tok-app-raises-concerns-for-young-users/1461767694|title=Tik Tok app raises concerns for young users}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/community/article/2147993/tik-tok-worlds-most-popular-iphone-app-under-fire-over-lack|title=Tik Tok, currently the world’s most popular iPhone app, under fire over lack of privacy settings - Tech News - The Star Online}}</ref> বহুতো ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীয়ে টিকটকত হোৱা চাইবাৰ নিৰ্যাতনৰ বিষয়ে মুকলিকৈ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/j5zbmx/tiktok-the-app-super-popular-with-kids-has-a-nudes-problem|title=TikTok, the App Super Popular With Kids, Has a Nudes Problem|access-date=2019-05-04|archivedate=2019-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228232537/https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/j5zbmx/tiktok-the-app-super-popular-with-kids-has-a-nudes-problem|deadurl=yes}}</ref>যাৰ ভিতৰত ভাষা আৰু গোষ্ঠীক লৈ কৰা অশোভনীয় মন্তব্যসমূহ অন্যতম। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/krishrach/tik-tok-users-bullying-abuse-complaints|title=TikTok Creators Say They Are Being Bullied And The Company Isn't Helping}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jan/06/clock-is-ticking-experts-urge-caution-as-popularity-of-tiktok-surges-1921096.html|title=Clock is ticking: Experts urge caution as popularity of TikTok surges|access-date=2019-05-04|archivedate=2019-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302090558/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2019/jan/06/clock-is-ticking-experts-urge-caution-as-popularity-of-tiktok-surges-1921096.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name="">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/98559/what-is-tiktok-and-is-it-safe|title=What is TikTok and is it safe?}}</ref> এই এপটো একপ্ৰকাৰ নিচাজাতীয় হোৱা বাবে ইয়াৰ ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলৰ ইয়াক বন্ধ কৰাটো কঠিন হৈ পৰে। <ref name="scmp">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/community/article/2146904/i-risked-my-life-please-mobile-app-tik-tok-has-hong-kong|title=Lip syncing, finger dancing – Hong Kong kids go crazy for Tik Tok|date=19 May 2018}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত, ডয়ইনত আসক্তি হ্ৰাস কৰিব পৰা এটা বৈশিষ্ট্য যোগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="scmp" /> এই বৈশিষ্ট্যৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰতি ৯০ মিনিটৰ পিছত ব্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলক এটা বিৰতি লবৰ বাবে উৎসাহ দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref name="scmp" /> ২০১৮ চনৰ শেষৰ ফালে, এই বৈশিষ্ট্যটো টিকটকত সন্নিৱিষ্ট কৰা হৈছিল। === ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সুৰক্ষাৰ প্ৰতি ভাবুকি === ২০১৯ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত, আমেৰিকাৰ Peterson Institute for International Economics ৰ এক বিশেষজ্ঞ দলৰ দ্বাৰা চলোৱা এক অনুসদ্ধানত "টিকটক"ক "Huawei-sized problem" আৰু পশ্চিমৰ দেশসমূহৰ বাবে এক ভাবুকি আখ্যা দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref name="2019-01-11-piie">{{Cite web|url=https://piie.com/blogs/china-economic-watch/growing-popularity-chinese-social-media-outside-china-poses-new-risks|title=The Growing Popularity of Chinese Social Media Outside China Poses New Risks in the West|date=11 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="2019-01-14-twnews">{{Cite web|url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3616776|title=Report warns of security concerns amid sudden...}}</ref><ref name="2019-01-14-et">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theepochtimes.com/security-expert-warns-that-user-data-from-popular-video-sharing-app-tiktok-can-be-transferred-to-china_2766224.html|title=User Data from Popular Video-Sharing App TikTok Can Be Transferred to China, Security Expert Warns|date=14 January 2019}}</ref> পশ্চিমীয়া দেশসমূহৰ ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকল আৰু নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ মাজত ইয়াৰ জনপ্ৰিয়তা আৰু ইয়াৰ স্থান, আলোকচিত্ৰ আৰু অনান্য তথ্য আহৰণ কৰিব পৰা ক্ষমতাই উক্ত তথ্যসমূহ চীনা নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীক প্ৰদান কৰাৰ আশংকা প্ৰকাশ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="2019-01-14-twnews" /><ref name="2019-01-14-et" /> উক্ত সংস্থাটোৰ দ্বাৰা আনকি টিকটকক জনসাধাৰণৰ নিজৰ মতামতক সলনি কৰিবৰ বাবেও ৱ্যৱহাৰ কৰাৰ আশ্কা প্ৰকাশ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="2019-01-14-twnews" /><ref name="2019-01-14-et" /> === চেন্সৰশ্বিপ === Peppa Pig ৰ লগত জড়িত ভিডিঅ আৰু হেছটেগসমূহ ডয়ইনত চেন্সৰ কৰা হৈছিল , কিয়নো চীনৰ চৰকাৰে ইয়াক সামাজিক সুস্থতা ভংগ কৰাৰ অভিযোগ আনিছিল। .<ref name="2018-05-01">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/01/peppa-pig-banned-from-chinese-video-site|title=Peppa Pig, subversive symbol of the counterculture, falls foul of Chinese censors|first=Benjamin|last=Haas|date=1 May 2018|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="2018-05-01-gizmodo">{{Cite web|url=https://gizmodo.com/china-bans-peppa-pig-videos-on-social-media-for-being-a-1825676619|title=China Bans Peppa Pig Videos on Social Media for Being Associated With Gangster Culture|first=Matt|last=Novak}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনৰ ৩ জুলাইত, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত টিকটক নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত উক্ত এপটোৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ৰ্পণগ্ৰাফী আৰু ৰ্ধমীয় অনূভূতিত আঘাত হনাৰ অভিযোগ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল। "<ref name="2018-07-11-st">{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-overturns-ban-on-chinese-video-app-tik-tok|title=Indonesia overturns ban on Chinese video app Tik Tok|first=|last=hermesauto|date=11 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="2018-07-05-reuters">{{Cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-bytedance-ban-idUKKBN1JV0GD|title=Chinese video app Tik Tok to set up Indonesia censor team to...|date=5 July 2018|access-date=4 May 2019|archivedate=2 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024848/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-bytedance-ban-idUKKBN1JV0GD|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name="2018-07-05-dw">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/indonesia-blocks-pornographic-tik-tok-app/a-44537230|title=Indonesia blocks 'pornographic' Tik Tok app - DW - 05.07.2018|first=Deutsche|last=Welle (www.dw.com)}}</ref><ref name="2019-01-16-fp">{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/01/16/bytedance-cant-outrun-beijings-shadow/|title=ByteDance Can’t Outrun Beijing’s Shadow|first=Philip|last=Spence}}</ref><ref name="2018-12-19-tc">{{Cite web|url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2018/12/19/tiktok-parent-bytedance-sues-chinese-news-site-that-exposed-fake-news-problem/|title=TikTok parent ByteDance sues Chinese news site that exposed fake news problem|access-date=2019-05-04|archivedate=2020-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822023655/https://techcrunch.com/2018/12/19/tiktok-parent-bytedance-sues-chinese-news-site-that-exposed-fake-news-problem/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তাৰ পিছতেই, টিকটকৰ ফালৰ পৰা ২০টা বিষয়ত চেন্সৰ কৰি পুনৰ জাৰি কৰাৰ অনুৰোধ কৰা হৈছিল ফলত ২০১৮ চনৰ ১১ জুলাইত উক্ত নিষেধাজ্ঞা উঠাই লোৱা হৈছিল।<ref name="2018-07-11-st" /> ২০১৮ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত বাংলাদেশী চৰকাৰে টিকটকৰ ইণ্টাৰনেট সেৱা বাতিল কৰিছিল।<ref name="2019-02-25-dw">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-anti-porn-war-bans-blogs-and-google-books/a-47684058|title=Bangladesh 'anti-porn war' bans blogs and Google books - DW - 25.02.2019|first=Deutsche|last=Welle (www.dw.com)}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনতেই, চীনৰ চৰকাৰৰ দ্বাৰা মহিলাই সন্তান প্ৰসৱ কৰাৰ ভিডিঅ প্ৰকাশ কৰাক লৈ টিকটক কৰ্তৃপক্ষক সকীয়নি প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="2018-12-19-tc"/> == ট্ৰেণ্ডসমূহ == টিকটকত বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ ট্ৰেণ্ডসমূহ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত,ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত lip-synced গানসমূহ,কমেডি আৰু Duets অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত,যাৰ দ্বাৰা এটা ভিডিঅৰ কাষত অন্য এটা ভিডিঅ উপস্থাপন কৰা হয়। === টিকটকত সৰ্বাধিক অনুসৰণ কৰা একাউণ্টসমূহ === এই সাৰণিখনত টিকটকত সৰ্বাধিক অনুসৰণ কৰা ১০টা একাউণ্টৰ নাম উল্লেখ আছে যিটো আগত musical.ly ৰ সৈতে সংযুক্ত আছিল। এই সাৰণিখনত টিকটকৰ আনুষ্ঠানিক একাউণ্টসমূহ উল্লেখ নাই। {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ সৰ্বাধিক জনপ্ৰিয় টিকটক ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰী (৩ মে,২০১৯ অনুয়ায়ী) !Rank !User !ID !Followers <br /><br /> (millions) !Country |- |1 |Lisa and Lena<ref>{{Cite web|1=|url=https://m.tiktok.com/h5/share/usr/9205496.html|title=Lisa and Lena - TikTok|access-date=2019-05-04|archivedate=2018-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015005356/https://m.tiktok.com/h5/share/usr/9205496.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |@lisaandlena |32.7 |{{Flag|GER}} |- |2 |Loren Gray<ref>{{Cite web||url=http://vm.tiktok.com/djpoEs/|title=Loren Gray - TikTok}}</ref> |@lorengray |30.5 |{{Flag|USA}} |- |3 |Baby Ariel<ref>{{Cite web||url=http://vm.tiktok.com/djnTTb/|title=BabyAriel - TikTok}}</ref> |@babyariel |29.3 |{{Flag|USA}} |- |4 |Kristen Hancher<ref>{{Cite web||url=https://m.tiktok.com/h5/share/usr/6126024.html|title=Kristen Hancher - TikTok}}</ref> |@kristenhancher |22.3 |{{Flag|CAN}} |- |5 |Jacob Sartorius<ref>{{Cite web||url=https://m.tiktok.com/h5/share/usr/8677296.html|title=Jacob Sartorius - TikTok}}</ref> |@jacobsartorius |20.4 |{{Flag|USA}} |- |6 |Flighthouse<ref>{{Cite web||url=https://m.tiktok.com/h5/share/usr/24645153.html|title=Flighthouse - TikTok}}</ref> |@flighthouse |17.9 |{{Flag|USA}} |- |7 |GIL CROES<ref>{{Cite web||url=http://vm.tiktok.com/djqwFV/|title=GIL CROES - TikTok}}</ref> |@glimhercroes |17.9 |{{Flag|USA}} |- |8 |Cameron Dallas<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vm.tiktok.com/dMS3a3/|title=Cameron Dallas - TikTok}}</ref> |@camerondallas |17.9 |{{Flag|USA}} |- |9 |Faisal Shaikh<ref>{{Cite web||url=http://vm.tiktok.com/dk5cDG/|title=Faisal Shaikh (Mr.Faisu) - TikTok}}</ref> |@mr_faisu_07 |17.6 |{{Flag|IND}} |- |10 |Jojo Siwa<ref>{{Cite web||url=http://vm.tiktok.com/dM44Tc/|title=JoJo Siwa - TikTok}}</ref> |@itsjojosiwa |17.4 |{{Flag|USA}} |} === সৰ্বাধিক জনপ্ৰিয় Douyin ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰী === এই সাৰণিখনত ডয়ইন ৱ্যৱহাৰকাৰী সৰ্বাধিক  অনুসৰণ কৰা ১০টা একাউণ্টৰ উল্লেখ আছে যিটো টিকটকৰ চীনা সংস্কৰণ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.techweb.com.cn/onlinegamerim/2018-06-22/2678379_4.shtml|title=2018抖音粉丝排行榜一览 抖音粉丝最多的是谁|last=Techweb|access-date=15 October 2018|language=zh-CN|archivedate=2018-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015114459/http://www.techweb.com.cn/onlinegamerim/2018-06-22/2678379_4.shtml|deadurl=yes}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Top Douyin users (last updated 15 October 2018) !Rank !User !ID !Followers <br /><br /> (millions) !Country or region |- |1 |Chen He (陈赫) |@191433445 |50.7 |{{Flag|CHN}} |- |2 |Dilraba Dilmurat (迪丽热巴) |@274110380 |46.7 |{{Flag|CHN}} |- |3 |Liu Erdou (会说话的刘二豆) |@erdou |43.9 |{{Flag|CHN}} |- |4 |Yi Chan (一禅小和尚) |@yichan6666 |42.1 |{{Flag|CHN}} |- |5 |Angelababy (杨颖) |@228.228 |37.8 |{{Flag|HKG}} |- |6 |He Jiong (何炅) |@he.jiong |31.8 |{{Flag|CHN}} |- |7 |Feng Timo (冯提莫) |@Fengtimo1219 |28.7 |{{Flag|CHN}} |- |8 |Hei Lian V (黑脸V) |@145651081 |26.0 |{{Flag|CHN}} |- |9 |Guan Xiaotong (关晓彤) |@guanxiaotong |25.6 |{{Flag|CHN}} |- |10 |Yang Yang (杨洋) |@YANGYANG.99 |20.4 |{{Flag|CHN}} |} == আইনী সমস্যাসমূহ == === ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান নিষেধাজ্ঞা === ২০১৮ চনৰ ৩ জুলাইত [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া|ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াই]] পৰ্ণগ্ৰাফী আৰু ৰ্ধমীয় অনূভূতিত আঘাত হনাৰ ৰাজহ্নৱা অভিযোগৰ পৰিপ্ৰেক্ষিতত অস্থায়ীৰূপে নিষেধ কৰিছিল। প্ৰায় এসপ্তাহ পিছত এপটোৱে নেতিবাচক বিষয় দূৰ,বয়সৰ সীমা,অতিৰিক্ত নিৰাপত্তা আৰু আনুষ্ঠানিক ৱেৱছাইট এটা দেশখনত খোলাৰ পিছত এই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আঁতৰোৱা হৈছিল। === ভাৰতৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞা === ২০১৯ চনৰ ৩ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে, পৰ্ণগ্ৰাফীক উৎসাহ যোগোৱা বাবে মাদ্ৰাছ উচ্চ ন্যায়ালয়ে ভাৰত চৰকাৰক এই এপটো নিষেধ কৰাৰ ৰ্নিদেশ দিছিল। ন্যায়ালয়ৰ মতে কিশোৰ সকলক বিশেষকৈ যৌন সৰবৰাহকাৰী চক্ৰই লক্ষ্য কৰি লৈছিল। ইয়াৰ লগতে ন্যায়ালয়ৰ দ্বাৰা সংবাদ মাধ্যমকো উক্ত এপটোৰ পৰা কোনো ভিডিঅ প্ৰৰ্দশন নকৰাৰ ৰ্নিদেশ দিছিল। . তথাপিও টিকটকৰ মুখপাত্ৰৰ মতে তেওঁলোকে স্থানীয় আইন উলংঘা কৰা নাছিল। .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/it-encourages-pornography-madras-high-court-asks-government-to-ban-video-app-tiktok-2088337.html|title='It Encourages Pornography': Madras High Court Asks Government to Ban Video App TikTok|publisher=News18|access-date=4 April 2019}}</ref> ১৭ এপ্ৰিলত, গুগল আৰু এপলৰ ফালৰ পৰা টিকটক গুগল প্লে আৰু এপ ষ্টোৰৰ পৰা আঁতৰাই দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|title=Apple, Google Block TikTok in India After Court Order|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/tiktok-app-blocked-apple-app-store-google-play-store-india-court-order-2024274|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref> এই ঘটনাৰ পিছত টিকটকৰ পৰা ৬ মিলিয়ন আপত্তিজনক ভিডিঅ আঁতৰোৱা হৈছিল। .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/software/google-blocks-chinese-app-tiktok-in-india-after-court-order/articleshow/68916458.cms|title=TikTok no longer available on Google and Apple stores|access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref> উক্ত শুনানিটো ২২ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে পুনৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|title=A timeline of how things went downhill for TikTok in India|url=https://qz.com/india/1598153/heres-why-tiktok-is-getting-banned-in-india/|access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Tiktok: India bans video sharing app|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/17/tiktok-india-bans-video-sharing-app|access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref> ==== ভাৰতত নিষেধাজ্ঞা প্ৰত্যাহাৰ ==== ২০১৯ চনৰ ২৫ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে তামিলনাডুৰ এখন ন্যায়ালয়ে গুগল প্লে আৰু এপ ষ্টোৰৰ পৰা এই এপটো ডাউনলোড কৰাৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞা প্ৰত্যাহাৰ কৰাৰ পিছত ইয়াৰ ওপৰত ভাৰতত কোনোধৰণৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞা নাই। আৰম্ভণিতে, এই এপটোৰ দ্বাৰা শিশুসকলক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি আৰু যৌনগন্ধী বিষয়েৰে এক অসুস্থ সংস্কৃতি গঢি তোলাৰ অভিযোগ অনা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত টিকটকৰ স্বতাধিকাৰ বাইটডান্সৰ ফালৰ পৰা জনোৱা এক আনুষ্ঠানিক অনুৰোধৰ পিছত উক্ত নিষেধাজ্ঞা প্ৰত্যাহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/tiktok-ban-in-india-lifted-by-madras-high-court/articleshow/69029626.cms|title=TikTok ban lifted in India but it has lost at least 2 million users|access-date=2019-05-04|archivedate=2019-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816000813/https://www.businessinsider.in/tiktok-ban-in-india-lifted-by-madras-high-court/articleshow/69029626.cms|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://beebom.com/tiktok-ban-lifted|title=TikTok Ban in India Lifted by Madras High Court}}</ref> ভাৰতৰ নিষেধাজ্ঞাই সম্ভাব্য ১৫ মিলিয়ন ৱ্যৱহাৰৰ্কতাৰ হেৰুওৱাৰ সন্মুখীন কৰাইছিল। .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://app.beebom.com/indias-tiktok-ban-might-cost-app-15-million-new-users/|title=India's TikTok Ban Might Have Cost the App 15 Million New Users|date=2019-05-03|work=Beebom|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-03|archivedate=2019-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005165419/https://app.beebom.com/indias-tiktok-ban-might-cost-app-15-million-new-users/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} ==লগতে চাওক== {{refbegin}} * {{cite web|last1=Citarella|first1=Joshua|title=Adventures in TikTok, the Wildly Popular Video App Where Gen Z Rules|work=[[Artsy]]|date=3 December 2018|url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-tiktok-wildly-popular-video-app-gen-rules|language=en|accessdate=5 December 2018}} {{refend}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{Official website}} * [https://www.douyin.com/ Douyin] {{Zh icon}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ছফ্টৱেৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চচিয়েল নেটৱৰ্ক]] 30bbbc42isakbliljt2rrclekbcyke6 0 51633 608736 607032 2026-05-26T01:31:51Z Ananya Taye 28065 /* */ The same fact was repeated. Merge it into one. Since the history starts with Kamrupa, thus the statement about Kamrupa precedes that of Sukapha 608736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = হাবুং |official_name = হাবুং প্ৰদেশ |image= |native_name_lang = |settlement_type = [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য|কামৰূপ]] তথা [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য|চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ]] পৌৰাণিক প্ৰদেশ তথা [[আহোম ৰাজ্য]]ৰ এখন [[মু'ঙ]] (প্ৰদেশ) |type = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = India | image_skyline = [[File:Map of Habung Region.jpg|300px]] | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = ঐতিহাসিক হাবুং অঞ্চল | pushpin_map = India Assam | pushpin_label_position = right | motto = | established_title = | established_date= | area_footnotes = | population = | footnotes = |leader_title=বৃহৎ পাত্ৰ|leader_name=চুতীয়া|leader_title1=চাও ছেং লুং|leader_name1=আহোম}} '''হাবুং''' ({{lang-aho| 𑜉𑜢𑜤𑜂𑜫: 𑜑𑜡;𑜈𑜤𑜂𑜫}},{{lang-en|Habung}}) [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য|পৌৰাণিক কামৰূপৰ]] আৰু [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য|চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ]] এটা বৃহৎ অঞ্চল আৰু পাছলৈ [[আহোম ৰাজ্য|আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ]] এক [[মু'ঙ]] (প্ৰদেশ) আছিল৷ হাবুং প্ৰদেশ বৰ্তমানৰ লখিমপুৰ জিলাৰ ঢকুৱাখনাত অৱস্থিত আছিল য'ত চুতীয়া ৰজা‌ সকলে হাবুঙীয়া ব্ৰাহ্মণ সকলক ভূমি‌ দান কৰিছিল। ৱেড(১৮০০)-ৰ মতে, [[সোৱণশিৰি নদী]] আৰু [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদী]]ৰ মিলন হোৱা অঞ্চলতো হাবুঙৰ অন্তগৰ্ত আছিল।<ref>Wade, J.P, ''An Account of Assam: Rivers of Assam'',p.16.</ref>তেখেতৰ মতে হাবুং প্ৰদেশৰ পশ্চিমত গজলুং প্ৰদেশ আছিল আৰু এই গজলুঙৰ মাজেদি দিক্ৰং, পিচলা, ইত্যাদি নৈ বৈ গৈছিল। ১৯০০ দশকৰ শেষৰ ফালে কেইজনমান টাই-আহোম লোকে ধেমাজিৰ এটা অঞ্চলক হাবুং বুলি দাবী কৰি তাত চুকাফাৰ স্মৃতিত এখন শাল নিৰ্মাণ কৰে।<ref>...capital city of the Ahom swargadeos, Habung, was identified and claimed to be in Dhemaji...{{harvcol|শইকীয়া, য়াস্মিন|২০০৪}}</ref> তামৰ ফলিৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি, হাবুং (Ha-Vrnga Visaya) আছিল এখন প্ৰদেশ য'ত ব্ৰাহ্মণসকলক দশম শতিকাত কামৰূপৰ [[পাল ৰাজবংশ]]ৰ ৰত্নপালে স্থাপন কৰিছিল।<ref name="habung">"Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=33f}}</ref> কামৰূপৰ পতনৰ পাছত হাবুং [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত হয় আৰু এই অঞ্চলত বৃহৎপাত্ৰ নামৰ এজনক শাসন কৰিবলৈ ৰখা হয়।<ref>Habung was a Chutiya dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala {{harvcol|Guha|1984|p=73}}</ref><ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516963?read-now=1&seq=18#page_scan_tab_contents Guha, Amalendu, ''The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)'',p. 20,''It appears that the noble designation of Barpatragohain was borrowed from the civil list of Habung where the local ruler, a dependent of the Chutia king, had the title of Vrihatpatra''.]</ref> টাই-আহোম ভাষাত লিখা সাচিপটিয়া দীন-বুৰঞ্জী, ম' চাংবুন বুৰঞ্জী আৰু একাংশ ইতিহাসবিদৰ মতে চৰাইদেওত প্ৰথম স্থায়ী ৰাজধানী স্থাপন কৰা‌ আগতে এই ঠাই ৩ বছৰৰ বাবে [[চুকাফা]]ৰ অস্থায়ী বসতি স্থল আছিল।<ref name="সৰ্বানন্দ">{{cite book | title=ইতিহাসে সোঁৱৰা ছশটা বছৰ | publisher=বনলতা | author=ৰাজকুমাৰ, সৰ্বানন্দ | year=২০১৭ | location=গুৱাহাটী | pages=২৭৪}}</ref><ref>...So he proceeded down- stream the river Tilão (Lohit) and arrived in Habung country. He stopped there, for the laknis, Dapkeu, Raicheu and Mungplão. He subsisted on the produce of three harvests...{{harvcol|বৰুৱা, গোলাপ চন্দ্ৰ|১৯৩০}}</ref><ref name="Capital">{{cite journal | url= | title=Background of the Capital cities of the Ahoms | author=Buragohain, Luhit | journal=International Journal of creative research thoughts | year=2020 | month=April | volume=8 | issue=4 | pages=2357-2361}}</ref> বানপানী হোৱাৰ ফলত চুকাফা আৰু লগত অহা লোক সকল পুনৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ দক্ষিণ পাৰলৈ ঘূৰি যায়।<ref>...So he proceeded down- stream the river Tilão (Lohit) and arrived in Habung country. He stopped there, for the laknis, Dapkeu, Raicheu and Mungplão. He subsisted on the produce of three harvests...{{harvcol|বৰুৱা, গোলাপ চন্দ্ৰ|১৯৩০}}</ref>চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য জয় কৰাৰ পাছত লাকনি খুতছান (১৫২৫ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত) [[চাওফা]] [[চুহুংমুং]]এ ক্লাংচেঙ নামৰ বিষয়া এজনক হাবুংত ৰাজত্ব কৰিবলৈ ৰাখে।<ref>...In lakni Khutshan (ie., in 1526 A.D.), the heavenly king created Klangsheng of Dhanudharia family, Bhatialia Gohain and stationed him at Habung...{{harvcol|বৰুৱা, গোলাপ চন্দ্ৰ|১৯৩০}}</ref><ref>Edward Gait, The History of Assam, p.90, "In 1525, Suhungmung proceeded in person to Dihing, and appointed officers to administer the frontier provinces of Habung, Dihing and Banlung."</ref> ==হাবুং নামৰ উৎপত্তি== হাবুং শব্দটো মূলতঃ বড়ো-কছাৰী মূলীয় ভাষাৰ বুলি জনা যায়<ref>S.Endle, The Kacharis, p. 88, Habung-iya, perhaps from Ha earth, Bung for Su-bung men ; hence ha-bung-iya, autochthones</ref>। ইয়াৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে "মাটিৰে ভৰা ঠাই" অৰ্থাৎ "নদীৰ পানীয়ে খহাই অনা পলস জমা হৈ সৃষ্টী হোৱা ভূমি। " "হা" মানে হৈছে "মাটি" (যেনে হাছাও, হাজং, হালালি, ইত্যাদি) আৰু "বুঙ" মানে হৈছে ভৰি পৰা।<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/LSIV0-V11/LSI-V3-2#page/n15/mode/2up As per the Linguistic Survey of India(Volume 3-2, p. 7), ''Ha'' means Land and ''Bung'' means Fill in standard Bodo language.]</ref> পি.আৰ.টি গৰ্ডনৰ মত অনুসৰি পৌৰাণিক মৰাণ ভাষাত "হাবুঙ"ৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে "মানুহৰ বাসতি/চাপৰি"।<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRT Gurdon, The Morans, p.43 In Moran language Habung meant ''Men/Settlement'' |url=http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/Gurdon-1904.pdf |access-date=2020-04-29 |archivedate=2021-02-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228230129/http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/Gurdon-1904.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইতিহাসবিধ চিড্নি এণ্ডেলৰ "ডা কচাৰী" নামৰ কিতাপখনত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে বুৰঞ্জীত মৰাণসকলক হাবুঙীয়া বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছিল যাৰ অৰ্থ আছিল "ভূমিৰ থলগিৰি"। এখেতৰ মতে হাবুঙ শব্দটো প্ৰকৃততে "হা" (মাটি)-"চুবুঙ" (মানুহ)ৰ পৰা উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref>[https://archive.org/details/kacharis009491mbp/page/n136/mode/1up S.Endle, The Kacharis, p. 88, ''Habung-iya, perhaps from Ha earth, Bung for Su-bung men; hence ha-bung-iya, autochthones'']</ref> হাবুঙৰ ওচৰতে খুবুং নামৰ অন্য এক অঞ্চল এতিয়াও দেখা পোৱা যায়। কামৰূপৰ ৰজা ৰত্নপালৰ তামৰ ফলিত হাব্ৰং বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>" Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=33}}</ref> ১৪২৮ চনৰ চুতীয়া ফলিত শ্ৰী বৃহৎ পাত্ৰক "হাবুঙাধিপতি" (হাবুঙৰ অধিকাৰী) বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/41691751?seq=5#metadata_info_tab_contents Neog, Maheswar,''Light on a ruling dynasty of Arunachal Pradesh'',p.819]</ref><ref>" Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=33}}</ref> [[File:Habung Ho-Phi Foundation Taking.jpg|thumb|right|হাবুঙত চুকাফাৰ স্মৃতিত নৱনিৰ্মিত মন্দিৰ]] ==হাবুঙৰ ইতিহাস== ===কামৰূপ আৰু চুতীয়া শাসনকাল=== ১০ শতিকাৰ ৰত্নপালৰ তামৰ ফলিৰ পৰা হাবুং প্ৰাচীন কালৰ পৰাই এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অঞ্চল বা প্ৰদেশ আছিল বুলি উমান পোৱা যায়, য'ত কামৰূপৰ ৰজাসকলে ব্ৰাহ্মণৰ সংস্থাপন কৰিছিল।<ref>" Habung was an ancient Brahmin settlement (Havrnga-Vishaya) situated near the mouth of the Dihing river." {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=11}} "According to tradition, Habung was a petty medieval principality governed by its Brahmin settlers themselves. It now appears from a recently found copper plate inscription that it was the same as the ''Ha-Vrnga Visaya'' where a Brahmin was given land by King Ratnapala. (c 10th century) {{harvcol|Guha|1983|p=33}}</ref><ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/67151/11/11_chapter%203.pdf ''The mention of Dibbaisa river forming southern boundary and Saica the south-western boundary led P.C. Choudhury to identify the Havranga visaya with Habung country lying to east of the river Suvansiri during the 10th-11th century A.D. Habung, comprising present Dhakuakhana region was for centuries a centre of Aryan culture'']</ref> ১২০০ শতিকাত কামৰূপ বিভক্ত হোৱাৰ ফলত হাবুং চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনলৈ আহে। ৰত্নধ্বজপালে দদায়েক স্বেতগিৰিৰ ৰজা ভদ্ৰশেনৰ পৰা ধেমাজি অঞ্চল দখল কৰি হাবুঙৰ দক্ষিণৰ ৰতনপুৰত ৰাজধানী স্থাপন কৰে।<ref>Habung was a Chutiya dependency; that still earlier it was an autonomous principality of Brahmins; and that the latter's origins could be traced back to a circa 10th-century copper-plate and grant issued by king Ratnapala {{harvcol|Guha|1984|p=73}}</ref> একে সময়চোৱাতে পাটকাই পৰ্বতৰ পুৰ্বৰ পৰা অহা টাই-আহোমসকলে অভয়পুৰত (শিৱসাগৰৰ অঞ্চল) বানপানী হোৱাৰ ফলত হাবুঙত খেতি কৰিবলৈ লয়। কিন্তু ৪ বছৰ থাকি পুনৰ বানপানী হোৱাৰ ফলত শিৱসাগৰৰ লিগিৰী গাঁৱলৈ (চনটক) উভতি যায় য'ত বৰাহী চুতীয়াসকলক লগ পায়। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে চুকাফাই বানপানী হোৱাৰ বাবে এৰি যোৱা তিপাম (কানগং নামৰ এজন), নামৰূপ (খুণতাং নামৰ এজন) বা লিগিৰী গাঁৱ (তাখোনলাক নামৰ এজন) লেখীয়া ঠাইৰ দৰে অভয়াপুৰ আৰু হাবুং অঞ্চলত কোনো লোকক ৰাখি যোৱা নাছিল।<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.450867/page/n50/mode/1up‌ Barua, G.C.''Ahom Buranji'',p.46.]</ref> ফলত সেই সময়ত হাবুং প্ৰদেশৰ ভূমি আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্গত হোৱা নাছিল। ইয়াৰ পাছত হাবুঙৰ উল্লেখ ১৪ শতিকাত পোৱা যায়। চুতীয়া ৰজা সত্যনাৰায়ণে ১৩৯২ চনত হাবুং অঞ্চলত ব্ৰাহ্মণক ভূমি দান কৰিছিল। মৃত্যু দণ্ডৰ পৰা প্ৰাণ ৰক্ষা কৰিবলৈ আহোম ৰজা থিয়াও খামতিৰ ৰাণীয়ে দিহিং(পূৰ্বতে দিহিং বোকাখাটৰ মহোৰামুখত পৰিছিল) পাৰ হৈ আহি চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ হাবুঙত আশ্ৰয় লৈছিল। নাওবৈচা ফুকনৰ বুৰঞ্জীৰ মতে হাবুঙত ব্ৰাহ্মণ এজনে তেখেতক প্ৰশ্ন কৰোঁতে তেখেতে নিজকে অসম(আহোম)‌‌‌‌‌ ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাণী বুলি চিনাকি দিছিল। পাছলৈ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰে গৰুৰ বেপাৰ কৰিবলৈ যোৱা লোক এজনে ৰাণীগৰাকীৰ পুত্ৰৰ কথা গম আৰু ফলত গোহাঁই সকলে ল'ৰা জনক নিজ ৰাজ্য লৈ লয় আনি ৰজা পাতে।<ref>Barua, G.C.,"Ahom Buranji, p.49</ref><ref> Bhuyan, S.K.,"Satsari Buranji, p.51</ref> ইয়াৰ পাছত হাবুঙৰ উল্লেখ ১৪২৮ চনত চুতীয়া ৰজা‌ ধৰ্মনাৰায়ণৰ পুত্ৰ দুৰ্লভনাৰায়ণৰ শদিয়াত উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা তামৰ ফলিত পোৱা যায়। এই ফলিৰ মতে চুতীয়া সেনাপতি শ্ৰী বৃহৎ পাত্ৰ হাবুঙৰ অধিকাৰী (হাবুঙাধিপতি) আছিল আৰু স্বধয়াধিপতি শ্ৰী শ্ৰী ধৰ্মনায়াৰণৰ আদেশত তেওঁ পুৰন্দৰ বিপ্ৰ‌ নামৰ এজন ব্ৰাহ্মণক ৪০০ পুটি মাটি দান কৰিছিল। [[File:1522 Copper plate of land grant made by Dhirnarayan.jpg|thumb|১৫২২ চনৰ চুতীয়া ৰজাই কৰা ঐতিহাসিক হাবুঙত (বৰ্তমানৰ‌ ঢকুৱাখনা) কৰা ভূমি দানৰ তামৰ ফলি।]] ফলিৰ অংশ : {{Quote|text="পুৰন্দৰায় ৱিপ্ৰায় ভুপুটীনাং চতুঃশতম্। <br /> নৃপাদেশাৎ সমাগত্য দাদদী-শাসনং দদৌ॥ হাবুঙ্গাধিপতিঃ সোহপি ষষ্ঠিসংখ্যান্ দ্বিজানপি॥"}} ইয়াৰ বাহিৰেও প্ৰায় ৬খন চুতীয়া ৰজাৰ তামৰ ফলি (১৩৯২-১৫২২ মাজৰ) হাবুং অঞ্চলত পোৱা গৈছে। চুতীয়া সকলৰ মাজত আজিও হাবুঙৰ উল্লেখ থকা নিচুকনি গীত শুনিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। উদাহৰণ : {{Quote|text="হালিকি এই বাপেৰ ক'লৈ গ'ল,<br /> হাবুঙীয়া বুঢ়াৰ লগত কাঁহ কোবাই গ'ল। <br /> ....<br /> হাবুঙীয়া বাঢ়ৈয়ে চ'ৰানাও সাজে<br /> কুৰুলাৰ কেৰুহেন উৰো উৰো কৰে,<br /> উৰিব নোৱাৰিহে সাগৰতে পৰে; "}} ১৫১২ চনত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে হাবুঙৰ চুতীয়া সেনাপতি বৃহৎপাত্ৰৰ(বৰপাত্ৰ) পৰা হাবুং অঞ্চলৰ পানবাৰী দখল কৰে। যাৰ ফলত ১৫১৩ চনত চুতীয়া-আহোম ৰাজ্যৰ মাজত যুদ্ধ আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref>Deodhai Buranji, p. 16, লাঙ্কি ৰাইচিঙা(১৫১২) শকত ৰজাদেও হাবুঙৰ পানবাৰী ললেগৈ। লাঙ্কি মুংমুত শকত চুতীয়া ৰজা ধীৰনাৰায়ণে আহি দিখৌ মুখত পছলাৰে গড় বান্ধি ৰʼলহি। </ref><ref>Gait, Edward, p. 87, "In 1512, Habung country was annexed. In 1513, the Chutia raja, Dhirnarayan, invaded the country with an army and a fotilla of boats.</ref> ১৫২০ চনত চুতীয়া ধীৰনাৰায়ণে পুনৰ বাৰ হাবুং অঞ্চল ঘূৰাই লয় আৰু ১৫২২ চনত হাবুঙৰ ব্ৰাহ্মণক মাটি দান কৰে। ঢকোৱাখনাৰ(হাবুং) কোঁৱৰগাঁৱত উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা এই ফলিৰ মতে ১৫২২ চনত শদিয়াৰ অধিপতি বিষ্ণু বংশৰ শ্ৰী ধীৰনাৰায়ণে প্ৰচণ্ড দুৰ্দণ্ড বাহুৰে সকলোকে পৰাজিত কৰি ৰাজ্যশ্ৰী লাভ কৰিছিল। <ref>[https://archive.org/details/chutiaburanji/page/n230/mode/1up Barua, Swarnalata, ''Chutia jatir Buranji, p. 590.''ধীৰনাৰায়ণৰ ঢকোৱাখনাৰ কোৱৰগাঁৱৰ তামৰ ফলি(১৪৪৪‌ শক/১৫২২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)'']</ref> ইয়াৰ পাছতে চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য নীতিপালৰ হাতলৈ যায়। নীতিপালৰ দুৰ্বল শাসনৰ সুযোগ লৈ চুহুংমুঙে পুনৰ চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰে। ডিব্ৰুমুখৰ যুদ্ধত চুতীয়াৰ নেতৃত্বত থকা কাচিতৰাৰ লগতে বৰপাত্ৰ(হাবুঙাধিপতি) উল্লখ আছে।<ref>[http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728195005/http://brahmaputra.ceh.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/parallele_ahom-assamais2-2.pdf |date=2020-07-28 }} ''The chiefs of the Chutiyas were Toktoru, Koitara, Chuluki Chetiya and Borpatro.''</ref> ===আহোম ৰাজত্ব কাল=== বুৰঞ্জীৰ অনুসৰি অভয়াপুৰৰ পৰা দিহিং<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., ''Satsari Assam Buranji'', p.47</ref> আৰু ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ<ref>Barua, G.C, ''Ahom Buranji'',p.46</ref> নৈয়েদি ভটিয়াই আহি‌ চুকাফাই হাবুঙত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে সেই সময়ত দিহিং নৈ শিৱসাগৰ জিলাৰ মাজেদি বৈ গৈছিল<ref>Sarma, Jogendranath, ''Change of river channel and bank erosion of the burhi dihing river (Assam), assessed using remote sensing data and gis'',"But about 250 years ago the Dihing (present Burhi Dihing) flowed westerly through Sibsagar district to meet the Brahmaputra at the extreme western point of Majuli island, which is now nearly 200 km west of present Dihingmukh, i.e. the outfall of the Burhi Dihing"p.95</ref>। নৈখন দিচাং আৰু ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ সমান্তৰাল ভাবে তিপাম, নামৰূপ, বকতা আৰু চৰগুৱা কাষেদি বৈ‌ গৈ<ref>Sharma, J.N., ''A study on palaeochannels from satellite imagery in a part of Upper Assam'',p.77-79</ref> দক্ষিণ মাজুলী বা [[বোকাখাত]] অঞ্চলৰ মহুৰামুখত<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wilcox |first=R. |title=Memoir of a Survey of Asam and the Neighbouring Countries, Executed in 1825-6-7-8 |journal=Asiatic Researches |volume=17 |year=1832 |page=320 |url=https://brahmaputra.vjf.cnrs.fr/bdd/IMG/pdf/WilcoxSurveyAsam.pdf |quote=...the Dihing did not disembogue itself where it does now into the Brahmaputra, but turning to the south-east received the Disang, and Dikko, the Jazi, and Disai river, and was discharged into the great river near Makura. |access-date=2026-02-18 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ব্ৰক্ষ্মপুত্ৰত পৰিছিল<ref>Sharma, J.N.,''Origin and some geomorphological changes of Majuli Island of the Brahmaputra River in Assam, India''</ref>। গতিকে দিহিং আৰু ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰই দি ভটিয়াই গ'লে চুকাফাই সম্ভৱতঃ হাবুং প্ৰদেশৰ দক্ষিণ ঢকুৱাখনা বা সোৱণশিৰিৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমৰ লখিমপুৰ অঞ্চলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। উল্লেখযোগ্য যে পাছলৈ বামুণী কোঁৱৰৰ মাককো দিহিং নৈয়ে ভটিয়াই আহোঁতে হাবুঙৰ শোৱণশিৰি নৈৰ দশিণৰ পানবাৰী অঞ্চলৰ ব্ৰাক্ষ্মণে আশ্ৰয় দিছিল। বৰ্তমানৰ আহোম গোষ্ঠীৰ একাংশ লোকে কিন্তু চুকাফাই প্ৰৱেশ কৰা হাবুং অঞ্চল ধেমাজিত আছিল বুলি দাবী কৰে।<ref>Dhemaji is more political and therefore somewhat more volatile than Patsako. Tai-Ahom activism was very visible there, so much so as the first capital city of the Ahom swargadeos, Habung, was identified and claimed to be in Dhemaji.{{harvcol|শইকীয়া, য়াস্মিন|২০০৪}}</ref> এই দাবী তেওঁ লোকে ধেমাজিৰ বৰ আজুহা গাঁৱৰ এজন আহোম পূজাৰী ঘৰত পোৱা টাই-আহোম ভাষাত লিখা সাঁচি পাতৰ পুৰণি লিপিৰ ভিত্তিৰ কৰে। কিন্তু এই লিপিৰ‌ কোনো চন তাৰিখ, শিৰোনামা বা লেখকৰ নাম পোৱা নাযায়।<ref>...One old Ahom manuscript without bearing any title, date and author's name was discovered by me on 1.5.1991 at Habung under Dhemaji district of Assam. It was discovered from the possession of the aged father of Chow Ratneswar Phukan of Bor Ajuha village, who belongs to a Mo-Sang-Bun (priestly) family. Some glimpses of Tai history can be found in, this manuscript written in Ahom language and Ahom script....{{harvcol|ঠানা, চুতাচানা|২০০৩}}</ref> অঞ্চলতোৰ গড়ৰ ওচৰতে এটা শ ধোঁৱা পুখুৰী আৰু এটা [[মৈদাম]] আছে যিটো [[আহোম|আহোমসকলৰ]] লগত অহা এজন পণ্ডিতৰ মৃত্যুত সজোৱা হৈছিল বুলি কোৱা হয়। এই তথ্যৰ সমূহৰ ভিত্তিতে লোক সকলে এই অঞ্চলতো‌ চুকাফাই এৰি থৈ যোৱা হাবুং হ'ব পাৰে বুলি ঠাৱৰ কৰে। হাবুঙত [[চাওলুং চুকাফা|চুকাফাই]] তিনি বছৰ অস্থায়ী ভাবে আছিল।<ref name="সৰ্বানন্দ"/><ref>...So he proceeded down- stream the river Tilão (Lohit) and arrived in Habung country. He stopped there, for the laknis, Dapkeu, Raicheu and Mungplão. He subsisted on the produce of three harvests...{{harvcol|বৰুৱা, গোলাপ চন্দ্ৰ|১৯৩০}}</ref> উল্লেখযোগ্য যে চুকাফাই বানপানী হোৱাৰ বাবে এৰি যোৱা তিপাম (কানগং নামৰ এজন), নামৰূপ (খুণতাং নামৰ এজন) বা লিগিৰী গাঁৱ (তাখোনলাক নামৰ এজন) লেখীয়া ঠাইৰ দৰে অভয়াপুৰ আৰু হাবুং অঞ্চলত কোনো লোকক ৰাখি যোৱা নাছিল।<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.450867/page/n50/mode/1up‌ Barua, G.C.''Ahom Buranji'',p.46.]</ref> আহোমৰ পূৰ্বপৰুষসকল চাওলুং [[চুকাফা]]ৰ সৈতে হাবুংলৈ আহি তাতে তিনি চন্দ্ৰ বৰ্ষ ক্ৰমে লাকনি দাপকেও, লাকনী ৰাইছেও আৰু লকনি মুঙপ্লাও থাকে।<ref>...So he proceeded down- stream the river Tilão (Lohit) and arrived in Habung country. He stopped there, for the laknis, Dapkeu, Raicheu and Mungplão. He subsisted on the produce of three harvests...{{harvcol|বৰুৱা, গোলাপ চন্দ্ৰ|১৯৩০}}</ref> [[File:Habung2.jpg|thumb|250px|চুকাফাৰ স্মৃতিত নৱনিৰ্মিত উপাসনা গৃহ। ]] চুকাফাই এৰি থৈ যোৱাৰ‌ পাছত ১৫১২ চনত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে হাবুঙত প্ৰৱেশ কৰি পানবাৰী অঞ্চল দখল কৰে। আগতে বামুণীয়া কোঁৱৰক তূলি লোৱা বামুণ পৰিয়ালটোক নিজৰ লগত লয়। বামুণ জনক সোণৰ লগুণ উপহাৰ দি হাতী-ঘাহী অধিকাৰী পাতি নিজৰ লগত লয়। কিন্তু ১৫২০ত চুতীয়া ৰজা ধীৰনাৰায়ণে পুণৰ আক্ৰমণ কৰি এই‌ অঞ্চল নিজৰ অধীনলৈ আনি ব্ৰাহ্মণক মাটি দান কৰি তামৰ ফলিত খোদিত কৰিছিল।<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516963?seq=17#metadata_info_tab_contents Guha, Amalendu, ''The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)'',p. 19, ''He first annexed Habung in 1512 and later also the rest of the Hinduised Chutia kingdom'']</ref> চুতীয়া ৰজাক ১৫২৪ চনত পৰাস্ত কৰি ১৫২৫ চনত চাওফা চুহুংমুঙে হাবুং ৰাজত্ব কৰিবলৈ ভটিয়লীয়া গোহাঁই (থাওমোঙ মোঙ-তিউ) পদ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল আৰু ক্লাঙচেঙ নামৰ বিষয়া জনক দায়িত্ব দিছিল।<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, ''Ahom Buranji'', p. 59</ref> ১৫২৭ চনত ক্লাঙচেঙক চাও-চেঙলুং (ৰাজমন্ত্ৰী) পতা হৈছিল<ref>Barua, Gopal Chandra, ''Ahom Buranji'', p.61</ref>। চুক্লেংমুঙ(চুহুংমুঙৰ পুত্ৰ) ৰজাৰ দিনত হাবুঙৰ উল্লেখ পুনৰ পোৱা যায়। বুৰঞ্জীৰ অনুসৰি এই ৰজাৰ দিনত চুতীয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰ এজনৰ সমৰ্থন পাই হাবুঙৰ ব্ৰাহ্মণ মুখিয়াল এজনে বিদ্ৰোহ কৰে। ফলত যুদ্ধ এখন হয় য'ত বৰপাত্ৰ জনৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু ব্ৰাহ্মণজন বেহাৰলৈ পলাই যায়<ref> সুকুমাৰ মহন্তৰ ঘৰত পোৱা অসম বুৰঞ্জী, ২৫ পৃষ্ঠাত আছে-"সেই সময়ত ৰজা দাই ধৰিলে, বোলে-'চুটিয়া মাৰি ভূঞা বিলাকক মাৰি-কাটি বুপা ৰজায়ে ময়েহে ৰাজ্য লৈছো। বামুণে যে ৰজা‌ হয় চুটিয়াৰ বৰপাত্ৰকনো কিহলৈ থৈছোঁ?' এহি বুলি বৰপাত্ৰক মাৰিলে, বামুণকো ‌মাৰিব চালে, সপুত্ৰবান্ধৱে বেহাৰলৈ পলাই গেʼল। " </ref>। এই বৰপাত্ৰ জন হয়টো পুৰণি চুতীয়া বৰপাত্ৰ ৰাজপৰিয়ালৰ লোক আছিল‌‌ আৰু তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছতে হয়টো "চাও-চেঙলুং" আৰু "বৰপাত্ৰ" উপাধি মিলি "বৰপাত্ৰগোঁহাই" হিচাপে জনাজাত হয়।<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3516963?read-now=1&seq=18#page_scan_tab_contents Guha, Amalendu, ''The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228-1714)'',p. 20,''It appears that the noble designation of Barpatragohain was borrowed from the civil list of Habung where the local ruler, a dependent of the Chutia king, had the title of Vrihatpatra''.]</ref> ==বৰ্তমানৰ হাবুং== অসম চৰকাৰৰ সহযোগত হাবুঙৰ টাই ভেটিত থকা মৈদাম, পুখুৰী আৰু গড়সমূহ সংৰক্ষণ কৰি ৰু'এন চাও ছেঙ (পৰম্পৰাগত দেউশাল) স্থাপন কৰে। ১৯৯০ চনৰ ১৭ জুন তাৰিখে স্থানীয় ফুৰালুং সংঘ আৰু সেইসময়ৰ [[ধেমাজি জিলা]]ৰ অতিৰিক্ত উপায়ুক্ত নগেন হাজৰিকাৰ সহযোগত [[আহোম ধৰ্ম|আহোম ধৰ্মৰ]] নিয়ম অনুসৰি [[আহোম|আহোমসকলৰ]] পূজা কৰা গৃহ ''হলুং হ'ফি'' মন্দিৰৰ নিৰ্মাণৰ কাৰণে আধাৰশিলা স্থাপন কৰে। পাছত ৯জন শুভাকাংক্ষীৰ দ্বাৰা ৮টা খুটা প্ৰদান কৰা হয় যাৰ ফলত স্থায়ী ভাবে হ'ফিটো নিৰ্মাণ কৰি উলিওৱা হৈছিল। সেই ঠাইৰ ঐতিহ্য ৰক্ষা কৰি পৰম্পৰাগত ফুৰালুংবানফি ধৰ্মৰ নীতিনিয়মতে টাই ভেটিৰ ভিতৰত থকা হফি টোত ম'-লুং টাই-পণ্ডিতসকলে আৰু বিশেষকৈ স্থানীয় ম'-চাম পণ্ডিতসকল আৰু স্থানীয় পঞ ফুৰালুং সংঘৰ সদস্যসকলে টাই-আহোম ভাষাতে সেৱা অৰ্চনা কৰে। মন্দিৰত সেৱা আগবঢ়োৱাৰ সময়ত বিশেষ দুটামান প্ৰাচীন টাই নিয়ম পালন কৰিব লাগে। তাই-চি পৰম্পৰা কৰাটো বাধ্যতামূলক আৰু তাত কক বান ফাই (চাকি জ্বলোৱা), আই চিংলাও গোৱা আদি নিয়ম কৰা হয়, তালৈ কাই অৰ্থাত কুকুৰা নিয়ম মতে নিয়া হয়। তালৈ যাওঁতে নিয়ম অনুসৰি বিভিন্ন ৰঙৰ কুকুৰা, লাও বা সাজপানী নিয়াৰ উপৰিও বানফাই অৰ্থাৎ চাকি নিব লাগে। সন্তানৰ আশাত বগা মতা কুকুৰা দিব লাগে, অসুখ বা বিপদৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা পাবলৈ কলা মতা কুকুৰা দিয়া হয় আৰু অইন বিশেষ মনোকামনা নাথাকিলে যিকোনো ৰঙৰ বা পখৰা মতা বা মাইকী কুকুৰা তাই-চি নিয়ম কৰা হয়। হাবুংলৈ তৎক্ষণাত যাব যদি কোনো ব্যক্তিয়ে নোৱাৰে তেতিয়া "মু-বাই তাম-বাই" নামৰ পৰম্পৰাৰে টোপোলা এটা বান্ধি কুকুৰা আগ বঢ়াই ৰখাৰ নিয়ম আছে।{{cn}} এই অঞ্চলৰ ঐতিহ্য ৰক্ষাৰ্থে [[অসম]] চৰকাৰে পুনঃনিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে যথেষ্ট ৰাজ পুঁজি প্ৰদান কৰে। ২০১৭ চনত তেতিয়াৰ অসমৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী [[সৰ্বানন্দ সোণোৱাল]]দেৱে নতুনকৈ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হ-ফিত উদযাপিত [[মে-দাম-মে-ফি]] অনুষ্ঠানত উপস্থিত হৈ হাবুঙক পৰ্যটনৰ কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে গঢ়ি তুলিবলৈ ২ কোটি টকা প্ৰদানৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/guwahati/assam-government-to-preserve-seat-of-ahom-legacy-in-habung/articleshow/56902877.cms|title=Assam government to preserve seat of Ahom legacy in Habung}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist|30em}} ==উৎস প্ৰসংগ== #{{cite book |last=বৰুৱা |first=গোলাপ চন্দ্ৰ|date=১৯৩০ |title=আহোম বুৰঞ্জী |chapter=ষষ্ঠ অধ্যায়: খুনলুং খুনলাই, উপ-অধ্যায়:চ্যুকাফা, পৃষ্ঠা:৪৪ - ৪৭|publisher= বেপ্টিষ্ট মিছন প্ৰেছ, কলকাতা|language=[[টাই আহোম ভাষা]], [[ইংৰাজী]]}} #{{Cite book |last= ঠানা |first=চুতেচানা |title=Texts and Contexts in Southeast Asia |publisher=ঐতিহাসিক গৱেষণা কেন্দ্ৰ, মিচিগান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়|year=২০০৩ |language=[[ইংৰাজী]]}} #{{cite book |last= শইকীয়া|first= য়াস্মিন|date=২০০৪|title=Fragmented Memories Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India|publisher=ডিউক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্ৰকাশন|isbn= 9780822386162, 082238616X|chapter= |page= ২৮ |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Fragmented_Memories/WfSmsuO6QugC?hl=en।|year=১৯ অক্টোবৰ, ২০০৪ |language=[[ইংৰাজী]]}} #{{Cite news|last=কংকন কলিতা|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/city/guwahati/second-ahom-capital-habung-to-be-tourist-hotspot-cm-himanta-biswa-sarma/amp_articleshow/89256437.cms|title=second ahom capital habung to be tourist-hotspot cm himanta biswa sarma|agency=টাইমছ অফ ইণ্ডিয়া|language=ইংৰাজী}} #{{cite book |last=Meena |first=R P|date=২০২০ |title=APSC Assam Current Affairs Yearbook 2020 |publisher= New Era Publishing House|language=[[ইংৰাজী ভাষা]]}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ পুৰাতাত্বিক স্থান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:আহোম ৰাজ্য]] i759bwfa06v8kjgb1kj8nnupf8oj8kw 0 52365 608814 607526 2026-05-26T08:58:29Z Ananya Taye 28065 /* আদি ভূঞা */ Added cited content 608814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''বাৰ ভূঞা''' ( মধ্যযুগীয় [[অসম]] আৰু বংগৰ এচাম শাসনকৰ্তা আৰু জমিদাৰ আছিল। ভূঞাৰ অৰ্থ ভূঁই বা ভূমিৰ অধিকাৰী। তেওঁলোকে আনৰ পৰা প্ৰায় স্বাধীনতা বজাই ৰাখি নিজ মাজতে গোট কৰিছিল। এই ভূপতিসকল কোনো বিশেষ জনগোষ্ঠী, ধৰ্ম বা জাতিৰ নাছিল।<ref name="Nath 1989 21">{{harv|Nath|1989|p=21}}</ref> বাহিৰা শক্তিয়ে আক্ৰমণ কৰিলে তেওঁলোকে সাধাৰণতে একেলগে তাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ কৰিছিল। শান্তিৰ সময়ত সকলোৱে নিজা নিজা সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব বজাই ৰাখিছিল। তাৰ মাজতে শক্তিশালী ৰজাৰ আৱিৰ্ভৱ হ'লে তেওঁলোকে আনুগত্য প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{harv|Neog|1980|p=49}}</ref> তেওঁলোকে ''চকলা'' নামৰ গাঁৱৰ সমষ্টিত শাসন কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ সকলোতকৈ প্ৰতাপীজনে নিজকে ''ৰজা'' বুলিছিল।<ref>{{harv|Neog|1980|p=48}}</ref> সিবিলাকৰ বাৰজন বাৰ ঠাইত প্ৰখ্যাত হৈ উঠিছিল; সেই কাৰণে সিবিলাকক "বাৰভূঞা" বোলা যায়। বাৰঘৰ কায়স্থ ভূঞাত বাজেও দুঘৰ বামুণ ভূঞা আছিল।<ref>{{harv|Barooah|1937|p=19}}</ref> আন বুৰঞ্জীবিদৰ মতে শাসনকৰ্তাৰ সংখ্যা বাৰজনতকৈ বেছি আহিল আৰু ''বাৰ'' শব্দই "বহুতো" বুজাইছিল।<ref>{{Harvcol|Neog|1980|p=49f}}</ref> গতিকে ''ভূঞা-ৰাজ'' বুলিলে নিজা নিজা শাসন বুজাইছিল, আৰু ''বাৰ ভূঞা'' বুলিলে তেওঁলোকৰ বিশেষ গোটক বুজাইছিল।<ref>{{harv|Guha|1983|p=10}}</ref> বংগত তেওঁলোকে ভাটিৰ অঞ্চলক বাৰটা প্ৰাশাসনিক গোট বা ''দ্বাদশ বাংলা''ত ভগাইছিল।<ref>Akbarnama, Volume III, Page 647</ref> বৰ্তমানৰ অসম, উত্তৰ বংগ আৰু বাংলাদেশৰো সৰহভাগেৰে গঠিত [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য]]ৰ ভাঙোনৰ সময়ছোৱাতে বাৰ ভূঞাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল। [[শালস্তম্ভ বংশ]]ৰ নৱম শতিকাৰ ৰজা বলবৰ্মন (তৃতীয়)ৰ ৰাজত্বকালতে মাটি ভগাই লোৱাৰ কাৰ্য খুব দেখিবলৈ পোৱা হৈছিল।<ref>{{harv|Lahiri|1984|p=62}}</ref> মধ্য কামৰূপৰ পতন হোৱাৰ পাছত সৰু সৰু দলপতিৰ প্ৰথা অব্যাহত থাকে। [[File:Map of Baro-Bhuyan territories.jpg|thumb|right|১৬ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত ভূঞা সকলে ৰাজত্ব কৰা অঞ্চলসমূহ]] অসমত বাৰভূঞাসকলে [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদী]]ৰ দক্ষিণপাৰে [[কছাৰী ৰাজ্য]]ৰ পশ্চিমফালে আৰু উত্তৰপাৰে [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য]]ৰ পশ্চিমৰ অঞ্চল অধিকাৰ কৰিছিল। ইয়াত [[নগাঁও জিলা|নগাঁও]], [[দৰং জিলা|দৰং]] আৰু [[শোণিতপুৰ জিলা|শোণিতপুৰ]] অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। বংগৰ আক্ৰমণকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে তেওঁলোকে অস্ত্ৰ ধৰিছিল আৰু ১৪৯৮ চনৰ পাছত আলাউদ্দিন হুছেইন শ্বাহৰ প্ৰশাসনৰ বাকী ৰোৱা অংশক পৰাস্ত কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকে [[কোচ ৰাজ্য]]ৰ উত্থানতো বাধা দিছিল যদিও ব্যৰ্থ হয়। তাৰ পাছত দ‌‌‌ক্ষিণপাৰে তেওঁলোকৰ অঞ্চল কচাৰী ৰাজ্য আৰু কমতা ৰজ্যৰ মাজৰ সংকুচিত হৈ পৰে। উত্তৰ পাৰতো [[আহোম ৰাজ্য]]ৰ প্ৰভাৱ বাঢ়ি আহিবলৈ ধৰে। বংগত বৰিসালৰ চন্দ্ৰদ্বীপ ৰাজ্য বসু ৰাজ পৰিয়ালে শাসন কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ শেষৰজন ৰজা ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাৰায়ণ বসুৱে বংগৰ বিভাজনৰ সময়ত [[কলকাতা]]লৈ পলাই যায়। তেওঁলোকৰ স্থান ইতিমধ্যেই জমিদাৰলৈ অৱনমিত হৈছিল।l ==ইতিহাস== ===অসমৰ বাৰ-ভূঞা=== অসমৰ বাৰ-ভূঞা সকলক দুটা ভাগত বিভক্ত কৰিব পৰা যায়। প্ৰথমটো ভাগ হৈছে আদি বা পুৰণি ভূঞা আৰু আনটো হৈছে ১৪ শতিকাত অহা বাৰ-ভূঞা। শংকৰদেৱৰ আদি পুৰুষ এই দ্বিতীয় ভাগৰ আছিল। ====আদি ভূঞা==== * আদি-চৰিতৰ তথ্য : আদি ভূঞা বা পুৰণি ভূঞা সকলৰ উৎপত্তিৰ কথা বিশেষভাৱে জনা নাযায়। একমাত্ৰ ১৭ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগত<ref>Neog, Maheswar, Early History of the Vaishnavite Faith and Movement in Assam, p. 29, It is supposed to have been written in 1586 saka (1664 AD).</ref> লিখা বিতৰ্কিত গ্ৰন্থ "আদি-চৰিত"ত হে এই সকলৰ উৎপত্তিৰ এটা আখ্যান দিয়া হৈছে। কিন্ত এইখন গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰায় বোৰ ইতিহাসবিদে গ্ৰহণ নকৰে আৰু জালি বুলি গণ্য কৰে।<ref>Maheswar Neog states that the Adi-carita, ascribed to Madhavadeva, has created much ill feeling among the Vaisnavas of Assam, and has been denounced by the more considerate section of sattra pontiffs and literary men alike.</ref> এই গ্ৰন্থখনত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে আদি-ভুঞা সকলৰ উৎপত্তি কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা আৰিমত্তৰ ৰাজসভাৰ সমুদ্ৰ নামৰ মন্ত্ৰী এজনৰ পৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰতাপপুৰা (কামৰূপৰ বুৰঞ্জী মতে প্ৰতাপসিংহ/ৰামচন্দ্ৰ) নামৰ এজন ৰজাই ৰত্নপীঠৰ (যোগিনী তন্ত্ৰৰ মতে কামৰূপ ৰাজ্যৰ পশ্চিম অংশ) ৰত্নপুৰত ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ মায়ামত্তয়ে নিজৰ ৰাজ্যখন দুয়ো পুত্ৰ নাগমত্ত আৰু আৰিমত্তৰ মাজত ভাগ কৰি দিছিল। আৰিমত্তয়ে ৰাজ্যৰ পুব ভাগ শাসন কৰিছিল, যʼত তেওঁৰ মন্ত্ৰী সমুদ্ৰয়ে তেওঁৰ বাবে এখন নতুন ৰাজধানী নিৰ্মাণ কৰি দিছিল। নাগমত্তেয়ে ৰত্নপীঠৰ ৰত্নপুৰৰ পৰা পশ্চিম ভাগ ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। কিছু বছৰৰ পাছত নাগমত্তৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু আৰিমত্তয়ে নিজৰ পিতৃক হত্যা কৰি সমগ্ৰ ৰাজ্য নিজৰ অধীনলৈ লয়। "কামৰূপৰ বুৰঞ্জী" নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখনৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে আৰিমত্তয়ে কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা দুৰ্ল্লভেন্দক পৰাস্ত কৰি কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা হৈছিল আৰু পুনৰ কামৰূপলৈ আহি পিতৃক সত্যা কৰি বৈদ্যৰগড় নামে এখন পাট নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। তাৰ পাছত তেওঁ বিশ্বনাথৰ প্ৰতাপ গড়ৰৰ লৈকে ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ কৰি কামৰূপ লৈ ঘূৰি আহি ৰাজপাট খাইছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, Surjya Kumar, ''Kamrupar Buranji'', p.4</ref> আৰিমত্তয়ে সমুদ্ৰক ৰাজ্যৰ এটা অংশ ৰাজত্ব কৰিবলৈ দিছিল আৰু সমুদ্ৰৰ পুত্ৰ মনোহৰক আন অংশ। সমুদ্ৰ আৰু মনোহৰৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত সমগ্ৰ অঞ্চলটো মনোহৰৰ পুত্ৰী লক্ষ্মীৰ হাতলৈ গৈছিল। লক্ষ্মীৰ দুই পুত্ৰ আছিল, সান্তনো আৰু সুমন্ত <ref>Neog, Maheswar, Early History of the Vaishnavite Faith and Movement in Assam, p. 52</ref>। সান্তনো আৰু সুমন্ত দুয়োৰে বাৰজন পুত্ৰ আছিল। এই সকলকে বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞা (লস্কৰ, কাব্যশী, পদ্ম, ৰাই, সলাল, চুকা/সকা, টেটন, ধ্বজ/ধয়া, উজীৰ, সৰল, ৰমাই আৰু তমাই) আৰু সৰু বাৰ-ভূঞা (কন্বজ্বৰা/কনৌজ্বৰা, ৰঘূ, মুকুন্দ,কদম্ব, সুৰথ, সুন্দৰা,সুশামা, গৌড়বাজ, ৰত্ন, মহাৰথ, লেপ আৰু কেপ) কোৱা হৈছিল। সৰু বাৰ-ভূঞা সকল ৰামপুৰলৈ(বৰ্তমানৰ নগাঁৱত অৱস্থিত) স্থানান্তৰিত হৈছিল। বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞা সকল পূৰ্বৰ ঠাইতে থাকি সেই ঠাইক নিজৰ মাতৃৰ নামত লক্ষ্মিপুৰ/লক্ষিমপুৰ( বৰ্তমানৰ দৰঙত অৱস্থিত) দিয়ে। পুৰ্বতে এই ঠাইক ৰঙ্গ-গ্ৰাম কোৱা হৈছিল<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452455/page/n33/mode/1up As per Asamar Buranji, ''Rang-gram''(Rangagaon) was renamed as ''Lakshmipur'' after their mother Lakshmi]</ref>। গ্ৰন্থখনত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে আদি ভূঞা সকলে চুতীয়া আৰু কছাৰী দুয়ো ৰাজ্যৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰি নিজৰ ভূমি ৰক্ষা কৰিছিল। গ্ৰন্থখনত দিয়াৰ মতে এবাৰ বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞায়ে আহোম ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু যুদ্ধত পৰাস্ত হৈ বাৰজন বৰ-ভূঞাক বন্দী কৰি শদিয়াৰ শ্যামা কালিৰ মন্দিৰলৈ(তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী মন্দিৰ) বলি দিবলৈ পঠিওৱা হৈছিল। কিন্তু, কাহিনীটোৰ মতে, গোসানীয়ে ভূঞা সকলৰ বলি ল'বলৈ অস্বীকাৰ কৰিলে আৰু সেই বাবে আহোম ৰজাই সকলোকে সপত কোৱাই এৰি দিলে। গ্ৰন্থখনৰ মতে ইয়াৰ পাছত বাৰ ভূঞাৰ সহযোগত আহোম ৰজায়ে কছাৰী ৰজা আৰু চুতীয়া ৰজা, ধীৰনাৰায়ণক পৰাস্ত কৰি হত্যা কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই ঘটনাটো সত্য প্ৰমাণিত নহয় বুলি ভবা হয় কাৰণ চুতীয়া ৰজাক ১৫২৪ চনত পৰাস্ত কৰাৰ পাছত হে শদিয়াখন বা শদিয়াৰ কালি মন্দিৰটো আহোম ৰজাৰ অধীনলৈ আহিছিল। হয়টো এই ঘটনা পৰৱৰ্তী কালৰ চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহ (১৫২৭-১৫২৯ চনৰ) বা কছাৰী দমন(১৫৩৬ চনৰ) হয়। সম্ভৱতঃ এই বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞাসকলৰ বিদ্ৰোহক দমন কৰি আহোম ৰজাই চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ বা কছাৰী ৰজাক পৰাস্ত কৰিবলৈ এইসকলৰ সহায় লৈছিল। "পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জী" গ্ৰন্থখনত কছাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে আহোম ৰজাই ভূঞা সকলৰ সহায় লোৱাৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, "Purani Assam Buranji, p.28,"ৰটা ভাঙ্গি আনি লাচাম কলিতা ভূঞাৰ ঘৰ নি স্বৰ্গদেৱে বাঁহবাড়িত পাতি এক ভায়েকক সোণাৰি নৈত পাতিলে, এক ভায়েকক পৰ্বতত পাতিলে, এক ভায়েকক খঙ্গিয়া বুলিছিল। এই ঘৰে তিনি ঘৰ হ'ল। যেতিয়া স্বৰ্গদেৱে কছাৰীক মৰঙ্গিৰ পৰা খেদালে, তেতিয়াএ দেৱতায়ে মানুহ দুনুহ দি লাচামক নি তাক টুৰ্পাক নাম দি মৰঙ্গিৰ অধিকাৰ পাতিলে। সেই সময়ৰ পৰাই এই ঘৰক বাঁহবড়িয়া চেতিয়া‌ বোলে। ই পূৰ্ব্বৰ ৰটা মাৰি অনা কলিতা।"</ref> আদি-চৰিতত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে এই কাৰ্যত প্ৰসন্ন হৈ আহোম ৰজাই বাৰ-ভূঞাসকলক উত্তৰ কোলৰ বাৰখন সৰু প্ৰদেশ(যেনে কলাবাৰী, গহপুৰ, কলংপুৰ, নাৰায়ণপুৰ, ইত্যাদি) আহোমৰ হৈ ৰাজত্ব কৰিবলৈ দিছিল। ইয়াৰে লস্কৰ পৰিয়ালৰ জয় ভূঞা আৰু উজীৰ পৰিয়ালৰ মাহি ভূঞা এসময়ত শক্তিশালী হৈ উঠিছিল আৰু আহোম ৰজা জয়ধ্বজ সিংহই এই সকলৰ সকল চুক্তি কৰিব লগীয়া হৈছিল। গ্ৰন্থখনত লিখা হৈছে যে সৰু বাৰ-ভূঞাসকলে বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞাসকলৰ লগত কল্পতৰু-শাস্ত্ৰ নামৰ এখন গ্ৰন্থৰ বাবে দ্বন্দ্ব কৰি ৰামপুৰৰ দক্ষিণলৈ আঁতৰি আহিছিল। * বুৰঞ্জীৰ তথ্য : আহোম যুগৰ বুৰঞ্জীসমূহৰ অনুসৰি চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ পাছত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে সকলো আদি ভূঞাক বস কৰি সিহঁতক অধিকাংশক উজনি অসমৰ উত্তৰ কোললৈ(বৰ্তমানৰ লক্ষিমপুৰ, বিশ্বনাথ জিলা) স্থানান্তৰিত কৰিছিল। হৰকান্ত বৰুৱাৰ ''"আসাম বুৰঞ্জী"'' আৰু কাশীনাথ তামুলী ফুকনৰ ''"আসাম বুৰঞ্জী পুথি"''ৰ অনুসৰি চুতীয়াক পৰাস্ত কৰাৰ পাছত বাৰ-ভূঞাক বস কৰি চুহুংমুঙে সিহঁতৰ ল'ৰা কিছুমানক তামুলী আৰু পাচনী পাতি লৈছিল।<ref>Tamuli Phukan, Kasinath, ''Assam Buranji, p. 20, "পাচে চুটিয়া ৰজাৰ পো ভাই সহিতে চুটিয়াক পাকৰি গুৰিত পাতিলে। পাচে লাক্নি কাতকেউ ১৪২৭ সঁকত বাৰভুঁয়াক বৰালে; সিহঁতৰ বচোআল টঙ্গালি হাচটি এইসকলৰ আদৰ্স ললে; সিহঁতৰ ল'ৰা কিচু সৰ্গদেৱে তামুলী পাঁচনিকৈ লগত ল'লে।" </ref><ref>Barua, Harakanta Sadaramin, ''Assam Buranji, p. 24.</ref> ''"সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জী"''ৰ মতে চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই প্ৰথমতে ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰৰ ৰৌটা ভাঙি ভূঞাক দমন কৰি বিস্তৰ মানুহ পাই ভূঞা সকলক নিবন্ধ কৰি মেলি দিছিল। তাৰ পাছত সলাত গড় (বৰ্তমানৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ দুয়োপাৰৰ বিশ্বনাথ-কুকুৰাকতা অঞ্চল) বান্ধি উত্তৰ-দক্ষিণৰ ৰাজ(ভূঞা) মাৰি লৈছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., ''Satsari Buranji'',p. 16, "ভূঞা:- আতপাচে ৰৈয়ত ভাঙ্গি আনিলে। বিস্তৰ ৰাজত মানুহ পাই থানে-থানে পাতি ভূঞাহতক নিৱন্ধ দি মেলি পঠায়। সলাত গড় বান্ধি থৈ উত্তৰে-দক্ষিণে যি ৰাজ পায়, তাক মাৰিবৰ মন কৰিছে।" </ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K., ''Satsari Buranji'', p.135, "দুই বছৰ থাকি উত্তৰ কোলৰ বাৰে-ভূঞাক ধৰিছে। ভূঞাহতক জিনি বচোৱাল টঙালি জমনড়া মমচাট কৌপতীয়া জাপি ল'লে। এক বৎসৰ থাকি সলাত গড় বান্ধিছে। এক বৎসৰ থাকি ৰটা-টেমনি মাৰিছে।" </ref>‌‌ এই কথা টাই ভাষাৰ ''"আহোম বুৰঞ্জী"'' আৰু ''"দেওধাই অসম বুৰঞ্জী"'' এই দুয়ো গ্ৰন্থখনতো উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে<ref>Barua, G.C.,"Ahom Buranji, p. 62, "In lakni Kaken (i.e. 1529 AD), the king, with his son, the Dangorias and followers proceeded to Shaola(Sala). He ordered Shenglung, Thaomung Shenba, and some others to go and remain at Teomani-Rowta. They did accordingly proceeded to the place and stopped there...In Lakni Kaken (in 1529 AD), the king, with his son, the Dangarias and followers proceeded to Shaola(Sala). The heavenly king sent a messenger to Shenglung and other directing them to return from Teomani-Rowta. The king then ordered Thaomung Katak and Thaomung Mungklang to cross the Bharali river and plunder the wide country on the other side. Both of them acted as desired and returned with some captives who were produced before the king. Thaomung Katak was placed at Narayanpur."</ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K, ''Deodhai Asam Buranji'',p.21,"ৰজাদেৱে বিশ্বনাথ লৈ গৈ ত্যাওচুংলুং-কংচেং, থাওমুং-চেনব‌ এই দুইক ৰেটাই-টেমনিত থাকিব দিলেগৈ। পাচে থাওমুং-কটকক উজিৰক ধৰিবলৈ পঠালে। উজিৰে এই কথা জানি ভাগি পৰাৰ...লাক্নি কাকেও শকত ৰজাদেৱৰ‌ বাপেক-পুতেক ৰাজ্যে-সমন্বিতে বিশ্বনাথলৈ গৈ কলঙ্গেদি মানুহ পঠাই ৰেটাই-টেমনিৰ পৰা ত্যাওচুংলুং-কংচেঙক লোকজন সহিতে আহিব দিলে। পাচে ৰজাদেৱে থাওমুং-কটক, থাওমুং-মুংক্লাং, এই দুইক ভৰলীয়ে উজাই পঠালে, বোলে-"তহঁতে দুয়ে ভৰলু পাৰ হৈ‌ গৈ যি মানুহ পাৱ ধৰি আনগৈ।" পাচে ইবোলাক দুয়ো গৈ‌ যি মানুহ পালে আনি ৰজাদেৱৰ ঠাইত দিলেহি। পাচে থাওমুং-কটকক নাৰায়ণপুৰত ৰাজ দি তাতে থাকিব দিলে।"</ref>। ইয়াৰ পাছত উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে যে ভূঞা সকলে ৰজাৰ ৰাজচʼৰালৈ অহা যোৱা কৰি আছিল আৰু উত্তৰ-কোল, দিহিং, ইত্যাদি অঞ্চলত থাকি পুখুৰী, দৌল, ইত্যাদি নিৰ্মাণ কৰি থৈ গৈছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., ''Satsari Buranji'',p. 17, "ভুঞাহঁত আহি গান্ধ, স্বওঁৰ, থঙ্গা ৰজাক ভেটিলেহি। ছমাহ থাকি যায়, অহাযোৱাকৈ থাকে। উত্তৰকোলত ৪ মাহ থাকি পুখুৰী খানি আহিল। দিহিঙ্গত দৌল বান্ধিলে, পুখুৰী খানিলে শিলিখাতলত, পানীচকি দি হাট পাতিলে দলৌগুৰিত। হালধিবাৰীত নগৰ কৰিলে। ভূঞাহঁত আহি থাকে, ৰজায়েৰে কথা হই থাকে। ৰজা বামুণহঁতক বাদ কৰাই ৰঙ্গ চাই থাকে। পুৰ্ব্বে বাৰু নাছিল, ছাৰিব নাজানে, ভূঞাৰ পৰাহে হ'ল।" </ref> ''"পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জী"'' খনত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে দিহিঙীয়া ৰজায়ে ৰটা-টেমনি মাৰি বাৰভূঞাক উত্তৰ কোলত পাতিছিল। এই ভূঞা সকলৰ মাজত বাৰ মুখ্য ভূঞা আছিল উতৈ, তমাই, ৰাই, সঁকাই, কৌষিক, উজিৰ, লস্কৰ, চোমদাৰ, সনাতন, কেহো, ৰামভট আৰু ভকতভূঞা। এই সকলৰ তলত চাৰিজন কৈ সৰু মূৰীয়া ভূঞা আছিল।<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, "Purani Assam Buranji, p. 27-28, "আৰু পূৰ্বে দিহীঙ্গিয়া ৰজা দেৱে ৰটাটেমনি মাৰি বাৰভূঞাক উত্তৰ কোলত পাতিলেনি। ভূঞাৰ নাম উতৈ ১,তমাই ১, ৰাই ১, সঁকাই ১, কৌষিক ১, উজিৰ ১, লস্কৰ ১, চোমদাৰ ১, সনাতন ১, কেহো ১, ৰামভট ১, ভকতভূঞা ১। এই বাৰটা মুখ্য ভূঞা। তাৰে চাৰিটাকৈ সৰু মূৰিয়া ভূঞা দুকুড়ি আঠোটা। ৰটা ভাঙি আনি লাচাম কলিতা ভূঞাৰ ঘৰ নি স্বৰ্গদেৱে বাঁহবাড়িত পাতি এক ভায়েকক সোণাৰি নৈত পাতিলে, এক ভায়েকক পৰ্বতত পাতিলে, এক ভায়েকক খঙ্গিয়া বুলিছিল। এই ঘৰে তিনি ঘৰ হ'ল।" </ref> ''"অসম বুৰঞ্জী (SM)"''ৰ অনুসৰি এই সকল ভূঞাৰ উতৈ আৰু তমাই নামৰ দুই ভূঞায়ে বগা হাতীত উঠি নিজকে ৰজা ঘূষণা কৰাত, আহোম ৰজাই দুয়োকে ধৰি দেওঘৰলৈ নি কাটিলে আৰু অন্য ভূঞাৰ (লস্কৰ, লালোয়া, উতাবৰ, কহিক/কৌষিক, চোমদাৰ, উজীৰ, তমাই, চপা, সোণাবৰ, ভেদাই) ভাই-ভতিজাক খাটনীয়াৰৰূপে ভেঁটাই ল'লে<ref>Bhuyan, S.K.,"Assam Buranji(SM)", p.11-13, "সেই সয়ম উতৈ তমাই দুই ভূঞায়ে হস্তিত চূণ ঘহি কান্ধত চলি, বোলে, -"সৰ্বকালে আমাৰ ৰাজ্য, চুটিয়াক মাৰি বৰ লাই পালে। শুক্ল হস্তীত যি বহে তাৰে ৰাজ্য, আহোমে ক'ত পালে?" এই গৰ্ব্ব শুনি স্বৰ্গদেৱে বোলে-"মোক নাকুৰি নাখামে দিছে কালে পাইছো।" ভূঞা হঁত কোন মানুহ, শুকুলা হস্তিত উঠি যে আমাক অৱগৰ্ব্ব কৰে?" এই বুলি স্বৰ্গদেৱে বৰসন্দিকৈ ডেকাৰজা, দিহিঙ্গীয়া গলমণি পাত্ৰ, চনবন ভঙ্গীয়া হুহামৰা এই তিনি প্ৰধান কাঁড়ী, বোলে-"আমি ভূঞাহঁতক মাৰি ধৰি আনি দিম; স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ লোণ চাউল খাবৰ কি কাৰণ?" পাচে স্বৰ্গদেৱে বঁটাবাহন দি লোকজন সহিতে পঠাই দিলে। সিবোৰো গৈ কঢ়ামুখৰ দীৰ্ঘ পুখুৰীৰ কোষত ৰʼলগৈ। সেই সময়ত কাৰেকুছীয়া বাসুদেৱ তপসী লস্কৰে বোলে-"আহোমৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰিব নোৱাৰি। পোৱালি-খোৱা আহোম, পেটৰ পোৱালিকো চিৰি মাৰে।" এই বুলি ঘোঁৰা ৫টা, ৰূপ ২ চৰু সহিতে মালবৈয়া লস্কৰ পঠাই দিলে, বোলে-"আমি স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ শৰ্ণীয়া হʼলো, আমাক যিৰূপে ক্ৰোদ্ধ এৰিব, তাকে কৰিব।" পাচে ডেকাৰজা প্ৰমুখ্যে গলমণি পাত্ৰে বোলে-"ভাল, আমি মহাৰাজ স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ চৰণত বুজাই সাঞ্চি-পাতি ৰাখিম। তহঁতৰ ভাই-ভতিজা আমাৰ লগত পঠাই দে, খাটনীয়াৰৰূপে স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ চৰণত সেৱা কৰি থাকক গৈ, তেবেসে আমি উলটি যাব পাৰোঁ।" এই কথাত থাকি লালোয়া, উতাবৰ, কহিক, চোমদাৰ, উজীৰ, তমাই, চপা, সোণাবৰ, ভেদাই, এই সকল ভূঞাৰ ভাই-ভতিজাক লগত লৈ সন্দিকৈ প্ৰমুখ্যে ডেকাৰজায়ে খাটনীয়াৰৰূপে ভেঁটাই দিলে। স্বৰ্গদেউ বোলে-"শুকুলা হাতীৰ যে তমাই উঠিছে, সেই হাতী মোলৈ কিয় নানিলিহঁক?" পাচে ভূঞাৰ পুত্ৰ চপা সোণাবৰে বোলে-"হাতীৰ পোৰোগ হৈছিল, সেই কথাতেহে হাতীৰ সকলো গাৱে চূণ ঘহিছিল। শুক্লা হস্তীক স্বৰ্গদেউ নাপায়, আমি বন্দীহঁতে ক'ত পাম?" স্বৰ্গদেউ বোলে-"বন্দীহঁতে টেপাই কৰিব পাই নেকি?" এই বুলি উতৈ তমাই ২ ভূঞাক জুমুধি দেওঘৰৰ কোষত কাটিলে। তাৰ দুই পুতেক খাটনীয়াৰৰ লগতে ৰাখিলে। তাৰেপৰা ভূঞা বোৰ বশ হৈ থাকিল।" </ref>। ''"পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জী"'' খনত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে চুহুংমুঙৰ ৰজাৰ ৰাজত্ব কালৰ শেষৰ ফালে তুৰ্বকক পৰাস্ত কৰাৰ পাছত ৰটা-টেমনিত বাকি থকা কিছু ভূঞায়ে(মদনগিৰি, ধৰ্ম্মাই, ৰামচন্দ্ৰগিৰি, দন্দৰ দলৈ, তামূলীদলৈ, বৰচোমদাৰ, দলিদখান) আহোম ৰজাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ ঘোষণা কৰিছিল আৰু কলং নৈৰ ওচৰত গোট খাই যুদ্ধলৈ সাজু হৈছিল। কিন্তু চুহুংমুঙে এই সকলৰ বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিছিল আৰু সকলোকে ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰলৈ লয় অনা হৈছিল। <ref>Bhuyan, S.K.,"Assam Buranji(SM)", p.24, "আৰু ৰটাটেমনি ভাগি বাৰভূঞা যাই কলঙ্গৰ কোষত ৰহিল। মদনগিৰি, ধৰ্ম্মাই, চোমদাৰ, ৰামচন্দ্ৰগিৰি, দন্দৰ দলৈ, তামূলীদলৈ, বৰচোমদাৰ, দলিদখাঁ, এইসব প্ৰমুখ্যে যুদ্ধক মনে আছে।" </ref><ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, "Purani Assam Buranji, p. 154, "পাচে মোৰ পুথাও দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজা কাচেঙ্গ বড় পাত্ৰগোহাইক সেনাপতি পাতি উপাই কৰি তুৰ্বকক মৰালে। আত পাচে সেই বেলা ৰটাটেমনিৰ বাৰ ভূঞায়াই কলঙৰ কাখৰত ৰলহি। মদনগিৰি, ধৰ্ম্মাই, চোমদাৰ, ৰামচন্দ্ৰ গিৰি, চন্দ্ৰ দলৈ, তামুলী দলৈ, বাহুদলৈ, বড় চোমদাৰ, এই সকল প্ৰমুখ্যে যুদ্ধক মনে আছে। ...পাচে দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজা বড় সন্দিকৈ সকলো বোৰে ভূঞায় যুদ্ধলৈ সলালৈ, আহিল। পাচে ভূঞাৎ সলা মাৰিলে। প্ৰথমে ৰনভঙ্গ হৈ আমাৰ হুহুকি আহি পৌষ মাস ১৪৬৩ শকত দুদিন পাচে যুদ্ধ কৰি ভূঞাক ভঙ্গাই মূৰ আনি মথাডাঙ্গত থলে। দুটা দৌল বান্ধিলে। ৰামচন্দ্ৰ গিৰি, দলিদখাঁ, প্ৰমুখো ভূঞা সকল সলাত লোকজন সহিতে দান্তে ধৰি দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাত সৰণাগত হ'ল; লস্কৰো পৰিল ১৬, কটোয়াল পৰিল ১২, ঘোড়া পালে ৩০০, সেনা অনেক পৰিল। বজৰা নাও ৬০ পালে। সেই ভূঞা সকলক পুথাও দিহিঙ্গীয়া স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ আজ্ঞাএ বড় চেতিয়ায়ে উত্তৰ কোনে পাতিলে।" </ref><ref>Barua, G.C.,"Ahom Buranji, p. 79.,"The Bara Bhuiyas paid their homage to the heavenly king(Suklengmung) on the side of the Kapili river.</ref> ==টোকা== {{reflist|3}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal |last1=Guha |first1=Amalendu |date=December 1983 |title=The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228–1714) |journal=Social Scientist |volume=11 |issue=12 |pages=3–34 |doi=10.2307/3516963 |jstor=3516963 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lahiri |first1=Nayanjot |date=June 1984 |title=The Pre-Ahom Roots of Medieval Assam |journal=Social Scientist |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=60–69 |doi=10.2307/3517004 |jstor=3517004 |ref=harv}} * {{Citation | ref = harv | last = Nath | first = D | title = History of the Koch Kingdom: 1515–1615 | publisher=Mittal Publications | place=Delhi | year=1989 }} * {{Citation | ref = harv | last = Gohain Barooah | first = P | title = An Illustrated HISTORY OF ASSAM | publisher=Leela agency | place=tezpur | year=1937 }} * {{Citation |ref=harv |last=Neog |first=M |contribution=Origin of the Baro-Bhuyans |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H. K. |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam |volume=2 |pages=62–66 |publisher=Assam Publication Board |place=Guwahati |year=1992 }} * {{Citation |ref=harv |last=Neog |first=M |contribution= |editor-last= |editor-first= |title=Early History of the Vaisnava Faith and Movement in Assam |volume= |pages= |publisher=Motilal Banarasidass |place=Delhi |year=1980 }} {{refend}} {{অসমৰ ইতিহাস}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ইতিহাস]] az0yov5xlzxavj5svda05fv32eaxa8l 608816 608814 2026-05-26T09:00:49Z Ananya Taye 28065 /* আদি ভূঞা */ Typo fix 608816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''বাৰ ভূঞা''' ( মধ্যযুগীয় [[অসম]] আৰু বংগৰ এচাম শাসনকৰ্তা আৰু জমিদাৰ আছিল। ভূঞাৰ অৰ্থ ভূঁই বা ভূমিৰ অধিকাৰী। তেওঁলোকে আনৰ পৰা প্ৰায় স্বাধীনতা বজাই ৰাখি নিজ মাজতে গোট কৰিছিল। এই ভূপতিসকল কোনো বিশেষ জনগোষ্ঠী, ধৰ্ম বা জাতিৰ নাছিল।<ref name="Nath 1989 21">{{harv|Nath|1989|p=21}}</ref> বাহিৰা শক্তিয়ে আক্ৰমণ কৰিলে তেওঁলোকে সাধাৰণতে একেলগে তাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ কৰিছিল। শান্তিৰ সময়ত সকলোৱে নিজা নিজা সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব বজাই ৰাখিছিল। তাৰ মাজতে শক্তিশালী ৰজাৰ আৱিৰ্ভৱ হ'লে তেওঁলোকে আনুগত্য প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{harv|Neog|1980|p=49}}</ref> তেওঁলোকে ''চকলা'' নামৰ গাঁৱৰ সমষ্টিত শাসন কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ সকলোতকৈ প্ৰতাপীজনে নিজকে ''ৰজা'' বুলিছিল।<ref>{{harv|Neog|1980|p=48}}</ref> সিবিলাকৰ বাৰজন বাৰ ঠাইত প্ৰখ্যাত হৈ উঠিছিল; সেই কাৰণে সিবিলাকক "বাৰভূঞা" বোলা যায়। বাৰঘৰ কায়স্থ ভূঞাত বাজেও দুঘৰ বামুণ ভূঞা আছিল।<ref>{{harv|Barooah|1937|p=19}}</ref> আন বুৰঞ্জীবিদৰ মতে শাসনকৰ্তাৰ সংখ্যা বাৰজনতকৈ বেছি আহিল আৰু ''বাৰ'' শব্দই "বহুতো" বুজাইছিল।<ref>{{Harvcol|Neog|1980|p=49f}}</ref> গতিকে ''ভূঞা-ৰাজ'' বুলিলে নিজা নিজা শাসন বুজাইছিল, আৰু ''বাৰ ভূঞা'' বুলিলে তেওঁলোকৰ বিশেষ গোটক বুজাইছিল।<ref>{{harv|Guha|1983|p=10}}</ref> বংগত তেওঁলোকে ভাটিৰ অঞ্চলক বাৰটা প্ৰাশাসনিক গোট বা ''দ্বাদশ বাংলা''ত ভগাইছিল।<ref>Akbarnama, Volume III, Page 647</ref> বৰ্তমানৰ অসম, উত্তৰ বংগ আৰু বাংলাদেশৰো সৰহভাগেৰে গঠিত [[কামৰূপ ৰাজ্য]]ৰ ভাঙোনৰ সময়ছোৱাতে বাৰ ভূঞাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল। [[শালস্তম্ভ বংশ]]ৰ নৱম শতিকাৰ ৰজা বলবৰ্মন (তৃতীয়)ৰ ৰাজত্বকালতে মাটি ভগাই লোৱাৰ কাৰ্য খুব দেখিবলৈ পোৱা হৈছিল।<ref>{{harv|Lahiri|1984|p=62}}</ref> মধ্য কামৰূপৰ পতন হোৱাৰ পাছত সৰু সৰু দলপতিৰ প্ৰথা অব্যাহত থাকে। [[File:Map of Baro-Bhuyan territories.jpg|thumb|right|১৬ শতিকাৰ আগভাগত ভূঞা সকলে ৰাজত্ব কৰা অঞ্চলসমূহ]] অসমত বাৰভূঞাসকলে [[ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদী]]ৰ দক্ষিণপাৰে [[কছাৰী ৰাজ্য]]ৰ পশ্চিমফালে আৰু উত্তৰপাৰে [[চুতীয়া ৰাজ্য]]ৰ পশ্চিমৰ অঞ্চল অধিকাৰ কৰিছিল। ইয়াত [[নগাঁও জিলা|নগাঁও]], [[দৰং জিলা|দৰং]] আৰু [[শোণিতপুৰ জিলা|শোণিতপুৰ]] অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। বংগৰ আক্ৰমণকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে তেওঁলোকে অস্ত্ৰ ধৰিছিল আৰু ১৪৯৮ চনৰ পাছত আলাউদ্দিন হুছেইন শ্বাহৰ প্ৰশাসনৰ বাকী ৰোৱা অংশক পৰাস্ত কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকে [[কোচ ৰাজ্য]]ৰ উত্থানতো বাধা দিছিল যদিও ব্যৰ্থ হয়। তাৰ পাছত দ‌‌‌ক্ষিণপাৰে তেওঁলোকৰ অঞ্চল কচাৰী ৰাজ্য আৰু কমতা ৰজ্যৰ মাজৰ সংকুচিত হৈ পৰে। উত্তৰ পাৰতো [[আহোম ৰাজ্য]]ৰ প্ৰভাৱ বাঢ়ি আহিবলৈ ধৰে। বংগত বৰিসালৰ চন্দ্ৰদ্বীপ ৰাজ্য বসু ৰাজ পৰিয়ালে শাসন কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ শেষৰজন ৰজা ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাৰায়ণ বসুৱে বংগৰ বিভাজনৰ সময়ত [[কলকাতা]]লৈ পলাই যায়। তেওঁলোকৰ স্থান ইতিমধ্যেই জমিদাৰলৈ অৱনমিত হৈছিল।l ==ইতিহাস== ===অসমৰ বাৰ-ভূঞা=== অসমৰ বাৰ-ভূঞা সকলক দুটা ভাগত বিভক্ত কৰিব পৰা যায়। প্ৰথমটো ভাগ হৈছে আদি বা পুৰণি ভূঞা আৰু আনটো হৈছে ১৪ শতিকাত অহা বাৰ-ভূঞা। শংকৰদেৱৰ আদি পুৰুষ এই দ্বিতীয় ভাগৰ আছিল। ====আদি ভূঞা==== * আদি-চৰিতৰ তথ্য : আদি ভূঞা বা পুৰণি ভূঞা সকলৰ উৎপত্তিৰ কথা বিশেষভাৱে জনা নাযায়। একমাত্ৰ ১৭ শতিকাৰ শেষ ভাগত<ref>Neog, Maheswar, Early History of the Vaishnavite Faith and Movement in Assam, p. 29, It is supposed to have been written in 1586 saka (1664 AD).</ref> লিখা বিতৰ্কিত গ্ৰন্থ "আদি-চৰিত"ত হে এই সকলৰ উৎপত্তিৰ এটা আখ্যান দিয়া হৈছে। কিন্ত এইখন গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰায় বোৰ ইতিহাসবিদে গ্ৰহণ নকৰে আৰু জালি বুলি গণ্য কৰে।<ref>Maheswar Neog states that the Adi-carita, ascribed to Madhavadeva, has created much ill feeling among the Vaisnavas of Assam, and has been denounced by the more considerate section of sattra pontiffs and literary men alike.</ref> এই গ্ৰন্থখনত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে আদি-ভুঞা সকলৰ উৎপত্তি কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা আৰিমত্তৰ ৰাজসভাৰ সমুদ্ৰ নামৰ মন্ত্ৰী এজনৰ পৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰতাপপুৰা (কামৰূপৰ বুৰঞ্জী মতে প্ৰতাপসিংহ/ৰামচন্দ্ৰ) নামৰ এজন ৰজাই ৰত্নপীঠৰ (যোগিনী তন্ত্ৰৰ মতে কামৰূপ ৰাজ্যৰ পশ্চিম অংশ) ৰত্নপুৰত ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ মায়ামত্তয়ে নিজৰ ৰাজ্যখন দুয়ো পুত্ৰ নাগমত্ত আৰু আৰিমত্তৰ মাজত ভাগ কৰি দিছিল। আৰিমত্তয়ে ৰাজ্যৰ পুব ভাগ শাসন কৰিছিল, যʼত তেওঁৰ মন্ত্ৰী সমুদ্ৰয়ে তেওঁৰ বাবে এখন নতুন ৰাজধানী নিৰ্মাণ কৰি দিছিল। নাগমত্তেয়ে ৰত্নপীঠৰ ৰত্নপুৰৰ পৰা পশ্চিম ভাগ ৰাজত্ব কৰিছিল। কিছু বছৰৰ পাছত নাগমত্তৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু আৰিমত্তয়ে নিজৰ পিতৃক হত্যা কৰি সমগ্ৰ ৰাজ্য নিজৰ অধীনলৈ লয়। "কামৰূপৰ বুৰঞ্জী" নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখনৰ পৰা জনা যায় যে আৰিমত্তয়ে কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা দুৰ্ল্লভেন্দক পৰাস্ত কৰি কমতাপুৰৰ ৰজা হৈছিল আৰু পুনৰ কামৰূপলৈ আহি পিতৃক সত্যা কৰি বৈদ্যৰগড় নামে এখন পাট নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। তাৰ পাছত তেওঁ বিশ্বনাথৰ প্ৰতাপ গড়ৰৰ লৈকে ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ কৰি কামৰূপ লৈ ঘূৰি আহি ৰাজপাট খাইছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, Surjya Kumar, ''Kamrupar Buranji'', p.4</ref> আৰিমত্তয়ে সমুদ্ৰক ৰাজ্যৰ এটা অংশ ৰাজত্ব কৰিবলৈ দিছিল আৰু সমুদ্ৰৰ পুত্ৰ মনোহৰক আন অংশ। সমুদ্ৰ আৰু মনোহৰৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত সমগ্ৰ অঞ্চলটো মনোহৰৰ পুত্ৰী লক্ষ্মীৰ হাতলৈ গৈছিল। লক্ষ্মীৰ দুই পুত্ৰ আছিল, সান্তনো আৰু সুমন্ত <ref>Neog, Maheswar, Early History of the Vaishnavite Faith and Movement in Assam, p. 52</ref>। সান্তনো আৰু সুমন্ত দুয়োৰে বাৰজন পুত্ৰ আছিল। এই সকলকে বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞা (লস্কৰ, কাব্যশী, পদ্ম, ৰাই, সলাল, চুকা/সকা, টেটন, ধ্বজ/ধয়া, উজীৰ, সৰল, ৰমাই আৰু তমাই) আৰু সৰু বাৰ-ভূঞা (কন্বজ্বৰা/কনৌজ্বৰা, ৰঘূ, মুকুন্দ,কদম্ব, সুৰথ, সুন্দৰা,সুশামা, গৌড়বাজ, ৰত্ন, মহাৰথ, লেপ আৰু কেপ) কোৱা হৈছিল। সৰু বাৰ-ভূঞা সকল ৰামপুৰলৈ(বৰ্তমানৰ নগাঁৱত অৱস্থিত) স্থানান্তৰিত হৈছিল। বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞা সকল পূৰ্বৰ ঠাইতে থাকি সেই ঠাইক নিজৰ মাতৃৰ নামত লক্ষ্মিপুৰ/লক্ষিমপুৰ( বৰ্তমানৰ দৰঙত অৱস্থিত) দিয়ে। পুৰ্বতে এই ঠাইক ৰঙ্গ-গ্ৰাম কোৱা হৈছিল<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.452455/page/n33/mode/1up As per Asamar Buranji, ''Rang-gram''(Rangagaon) was renamed as ''Lakshmipur'' after their mother Lakshmi]</ref>। গ্ৰন্থখনত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে আদি ভূঞা সকলে চুতীয়া আৰু কছাৰী দুয়ো ৰাজ্যৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰি নিজৰ ভূমি ৰক্ষা কৰিছিল। গ্ৰন্থখনত দিয়াৰ মতে এবাৰ বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞায়ে আহোম ৰাজ্য আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু যুদ্ধত পৰাস্ত হৈ বাৰজন বৰ-ভূঞাক বন্দী কৰি শদিয়াৰ শ্যামা কালিৰ মন্দিৰলৈ(তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী মন্দিৰ) বলি দিবলৈ পঠিওৱা হৈছিল। কিন্তু, কাহিনীটোৰ মতে, গোসানীয়ে ভূঞা সকলৰ বলি ল'বলৈ অস্বীকাৰ কৰিলে আৰু সেই বাবে আহোম ৰজাই সকলোকে সপত কোৱাই এৰি দিলে। গ্ৰন্থখনৰ মতে ইয়াৰ পাছত বাৰ ভূঞাৰ সহযোগত আহোম ৰজায়ে কছাৰী ৰজা আৰু চুতীয়া ৰজা, ধীৰনাৰায়ণক পৰাস্ত কৰি হত্যা কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই ঘটনাটো সত্য প্ৰমাণিত নহয় বুলি ভবা হয় কাৰণ চুতীয়া ৰজাক ১৫২৪ চনত পৰাস্ত কৰাৰ পাছত হে শদিয়াখন বা শদিয়াৰ কালি মন্দিৰটো আহোম ৰজাৰ অধীনলৈ আহিছিল। হয়টো এই ঘটনা পৰৱৰ্তী কালৰ চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহ (১৫২৭-১৫২৯ চনৰ) বা কছাৰী দমন(১৫৩৬ চনৰ) হয়। সম্ভৱতঃ এই বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞাসকলৰ বিদ্ৰোহক দমন কৰি আহোম ৰজাই চুতীয়া বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিবলৈ বা কছাৰী ৰজাক পৰাস্ত কৰিবলৈ এইসকলৰ সহায় লৈছিল। "পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জী" গ্ৰন্থখনত কছাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে আহোম ৰজাই ভূঞা সকলৰ সহায় লোৱাৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, "Purani Assam Buranji, p.28,"ৰটা ভাঙ্গি আনি লাচাম কলিতা ভূঞাৰ ঘৰ নি স্বৰ্গদেৱে বাঁহবাড়িত পাতি এক ভায়েকক সোণাৰি নৈত পাতিলে, এক ভায়েকক পৰ্বতত পাতিলে, এক ভায়েকক খঙ্গিয়া বুলিছিল। এই ঘৰে তিনি ঘৰ হ'ল। যেতিয়া স্বৰ্গদেৱে কছাৰীক মৰঙ্গিৰ পৰা খেদালে, তেতিয়াএ দেৱতায়ে মানুহ দুনুহ দি লাচামক নি তাক টুৰ্পাক নাম দি মৰঙ্গিৰ অধিকাৰ পাতিলে। সেই সময়ৰ পৰাই এই ঘৰক বাঁহবড়িয়া চেতিয়া‌ বোলে। ই পূৰ্ব্বৰ ৰটা মাৰি অনা কলিতা।"</ref> আদি-চৰিতত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে এই কাৰ্যত প্ৰসন্ন হৈ আহোম ৰজাই বাৰ-ভূঞাসকলক উত্তৰ কোলৰ বাৰখন সৰু প্ৰদেশ(যেনে কলাবাৰী, গহপুৰ, কলংপুৰ, নাৰায়ণপুৰ, ইত্যাদি) আহোমৰ হৈ ৰাজত্ব কৰিবলৈ দিছিল। ইয়াৰে লস্কৰ পৰিয়ালৰ জয় ভূঞা আৰু উজীৰ পৰিয়ালৰ মাহি ভূঞা এসময়ত শক্তিশালী হৈ উঠিছিল আৰু আহোম ৰজা জয়ধ্বজ সিংহই এই সকলৰ সকল চুক্তি কৰিব লগীয়া হৈছিল। গ্ৰন্থখনত লিখা হৈছে যে সৰু বাৰ-ভূঞাসকলে বৰ বাৰ-ভূঞাসকলৰ লগত কল্পতৰু-শাস্ত্ৰ নামৰ এখন গ্ৰন্থৰ বাবে দ্বন্দ্ব কৰি ৰামপুৰৰ দক্ষিণলৈ আঁতৰি আহিছিল। * বুৰঞ্জীৰ তথ্য : আহোম যুগৰ বুৰঞ্জীসমূহৰ অনুসৰি চুতীয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পতনৰ পাছত আহোম ৰজা চুহুংমুঙে সকলো আদি ভূঞাক বস কৰি সিহঁতক অধিকাংশক উজনি অসমৰ উত্তৰ কোললৈ(বৰ্তমানৰ লক্ষিমপুৰ, বিশ্বনাথ জিলা) স্থানান্তৰিত কৰিছিল। হৰকান্ত বৰুৱাৰ ''"আসাম বুৰঞ্জী"'' আৰু কাশীনাথ তামুলী ফুকনৰ ''"আসাম বুৰঞ্জী পুথি"''ৰ অনুসৰি চুতীয়াক পৰাস্ত কৰাৰ পাছত বাৰ-ভূঞাক বস কৰি চুহুংমুঙে সিহঁতৰ ল'ৰা কিছুমানক তামুলী আৰু পাচনী পাতি লৈছিল।<ref>Tamuli Phukan, Kasinath, ''Assam Buranji, p. 20, "পাচে চুটিয়া ৰজাৰ পো ভাই সহিতে চুটিয়াক পাকৰি গুৰিত পাতিলে। পাচে লাক্নি কাতকেউ ১৪২৭ সঁকত বাৰভুঁয়াক বৰালে; সিহঁতৰ বচোআল টঙ্গালি হাচটি এইসকলৰ আদৰ্স ললে; সিহঁতৰ ল'ৰা কিচু সৰ্গদেৱে তামুলী পাঁচনিকৈ লগত ল'লে।" </ref><ref>Barua, Harakanta Sadaramin, ''Assam Buranji, p. 24.</ref> ''"সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জী"''ৰ মতে চুহুংমুঙ ৰজাই প্ৰথমতে ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰৰ ৰৌটা ভাঙি ভূঞাক দমন কৰি বিস্তৰ মানুহ পাই ভূঞা সকলক নিবন্ধ কৰি মেলি দিছিল। তাৰ পাছত সলাত গড় (বৰ্তমানৰ ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ দুয়োপাৰৰ বিশ্বনাথ-কুকুৰাকতা অঞ্চল) বান্ধি উত্তৰ-দক্ষিণৰ ৰাজ(ভূঞা) মাৰি লৈছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., ''Satsari Buranji'',p. 16, "ভূঞা:- আতপাচে ৰৈয়ত ভাঙ্গি আনিলে। বিস্তৰ ৰাজত মানুহ পাই থানে-থানে পাতি ভূঞাহতক নিৱন্ধ দি মেলি পঠায়। সলাত গড় বান্ধি থৈ উত্তৰে-দক্ষিণে যি ৰাজ পায়, তাক মাৰিবৰ মন কৰিছে।" </ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K., ''Satsari Buranji'', p.135, "দুই বছৰ থাকি উত্তৰ কোলৰ বাৰে-ভূঞাক ধৰিছে। ভূঞাহতক জিনি বচোৱাল টঙালি জমনড়া মমচাট কৌপতীয়া জাপি ল'লে। এক বৎসৰ থাকি সলাত গড় বান্ধিছে। এক বৎসৰ থাকি ৰটা-টেমনি মাৰিছে।" </ref>‌‌ এই কথা টাই ভাষাৰ ''"আহোম বুৰঞ্জী"'' আৰু ''"দেওধাই অসম বুৰঞ্জী"'' এই দুয়ো গ্ৰন্থখনতো উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে<ref>Barua, G.C.,"Ahom Buranji, p. 62, "The heavenly king proceeded to Shaola(Biswanath). He ordered Shenglung, Thaomung Shenba, and some others to go and remain at Teomani-Rowta. They did accordingly proceeded to the place and stopped there...In Lakni Kaken (in 1529 AD), the king, with his son, the Dangarias and followers proceeded to Shaola(Sala). The heavenly king sent a messenger to Shenglung and other directing them to return from Teomani-Rowta. The king then ordered Thaomung Katak and Thaomung Mungklang to cross the Bharali river and plunder the wide country on the other side. Both of them acted as desired and returned with some captives who were produced before the king. Thaomung Katak was placed at Narayanpur."</ref><ref>Bhuyan, S.K, ''Deodhai Asam Buranji'',p.21,"ৰজাদেৱে বিশ্বনাথ লৈ গৈ ত্যাওচুংলুং-কংচেং, থাওমুং-চেনব‌ এই দুইক ৰেটাই-টেমনিত থাকিব দিলেগৈ। পাচে থাওমুং-কটকক উজিৰক ধৰিবলৈ পঠালে। উজিৰে এই কথা জানি ভাগি পৰাৰ...লাক্নি কাকেও শকত ৰজাদেৱৰ‌ বাপেক-পুতেক ৰাজ্যে-সমন্বিতে বিশ্বনাথলৈ গৈ কলঙ্গেদি মানুহ পঠাই ৰেটাই-টেমনিৰ পৰা ত্যাওচুংলুং-কংচেঙক লোকজন সহিতে আহিব দিলে। পাচে ৰজাদেৱে থাওমুং-কটক, থাওমুং-মুংক্লাং, এই দুইক ভৰলীয়ে উজাই পঠালে, বোলে-"তহঁতে দুয়ে ভৰলু পাৰ হৈ‌ গৈ যি মানুহ পাৱ ধৰি আনগৈ।" পাচে ইবোলাক দুয়ো গৈ‌ যি মানুহ পালে আনি ৰজাদেৱৰ ঠাইত দিলেহি। পাচে থাওমুং-কটকক নাৰায়ণপুৰত ৰাজ দি তাতে থাকিব দিলে।"</ref>। ইয়াৰ পাছত উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে যে ভূঞা সকলে ৰজাৰ ৰাজচʼৰালৈ অহা যোৱা কৰি আছিল আৰু উত্তৰ-কোল, দিহিং, ইত্যাদি অঞ্চলত থাকি পুখুৰী, দৌল, ইত্যাদি নিৰ্মাণ কৰি থৈ গৈছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K., ''Satsari Buranji'',p. 17, "ভুঞাহঁত আহি গান্ধ, স্বওঁৰ, থঙ্গা ৰজাক ভেটিলেহি। ছমাহ থাকি যায়, অহাযোৱাকৈ থাকে। উত্তৰকোলত ৪ মাহ থাকি পুখুৰী খানি আহিল। দিহিঙ্গত দৌল বান্ধিলে, পুখুৰী খানিলে শিলিখাতলত, পানীচকি দি হাট পাতিলে দলৌগুৰিত। হালধিবাৰীত নগৰ কৰিলে। ভূঞাহঁত আহি থাকে, ৰজায়েৰে কথা হই থাকে। ৰজা বামুণহঁতক বাদ কৰাই ৰঙ্গ চাই থাকে। পুৰ্ব্বে বাৰু নাছিল, ছাৰিব নাজানে, ভূঞাৰ পৰাহে হ'ল।" </ref> ''"পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জী"'' খনত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে দিহিঙীয়া ৰজায়ে ৰটা-টেমনি মাৰি বাৰভূঞাক উত্তৰ কোলত পাতিছিল। এই ভূঞা সকলৰ মাজত বাৰ মুখ্য ভূঞা আছিল উতৈ, তমাই, ৰাই, সঁকাই, কৌষিক, উজিৰ, লস্কৰ, চোমদাৰ, সনাতন, কেহো, ৰামভট আৰু ভকতভূঞা। এই সকলৰ তলত চাৰিজন কৈ সৰু মূৰীয়া ভূঞা আছিল।<ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, "Purani Assam Buranji, p. 27-28, "আৰু পূৰ্বে দিহীঙ্গিয়া ৰজা দেৱে ৰটাটেমনি মাৰি বাৰভূঞাক উত্তৰ কোলত পাতিলেনি। ভূঞাৰ নাম উতৈ ১,তমাই ১, ৰাই ১, সঁকাই ১, কৌষিক ১, উজিৰ ১, লস্কৰ ১, চোমদাৰ ১, সনাতন ১, কেহো ১, ৰামভট ১, ভকতভূঞা ১। এই বাৰটা মুখ্য ভূঞা। তাৰে চাৰিটাকৈ সৰু মূৰিয়া ভূঞা দুকুড়ি আঠোটা। ৰটা ভাঙি আনি লাচাম কলিতা ভূঞাৰ ঘৰ নি স্বৰ্গদেৱে বাঁহবাড়িত পাতি এক ভায়েকক সোণাৰি নৈত পাতিলে, এক ভায়েকক পৰ্বতত পাতিলে, এক ভায়েকক খঙ্গিয়া বুলিছিল। এই ঘৰে তিনি ঘৰ হ'ল।" </ref> ''"অসম বুৰঞ্জী (SM)"''ৰ অনুসৰি এই সকল ভূঞাৰ উতৈ আৰু তমাই নামৰ দুই ভূঞায়ে বগা হাতীত উঠি নিজকে ৰজা ঘূষণা কৰাত, আহোম ৰজাই দুয়োকে ধৰি দেওঘৰলৈ নি কাটিলে আৰু অন্য ভূঞাৰ (লস্কৰ, লালোয়া, উতাবৰ, কহিক/কৌষিক, চোমদাৰ, উজীৰ, তমাই, চপা, সোণাবৰ, ভেদাই) ভাই-ভতিজাক খাটনীয়াৰৰূপে ভেঁটাই ল'লে<ref>Bhuyan, S.K.,"Assam Buranji(SM)", p.11-13, "সেই সয়ম উতৈ তমাই দুই ভূঞায়ে হস্তিত চূণ ঘহি কান্ধত চলি, বোলে, -"সৰ্বকালে আমাৰ ৰাজ্য, চুটিয়াক মাৰি বৰ লাই পালে। শুক্ল হস্তীত যি বহে তাৰে ৰাজ্য, আহোমে ক'ত পালে?" এই গৰ্ব্ব শুনি স্বৰ্গদেৱে বোলে-"মোক নাকুৰি নাখামে দিছে কালে পাইছো।" ভূঞা হঁত কোন মানুহ, শুকুলা হস্তিত উঠি যে আমাক অৱগৰ্ব্ব কৰে?" এই বুলি স্বৰ্গদেৱে বৰসন্দিকৈ ডেকাৰজা, দিহিঙ্গীয়া গলমণি পাত্ৰ, চনবন ভঙ্গীয়া হুহামৰা এই তিনি প্ৰধান কাঁড়ী, বোলে-"আমি ভূঞাহঁতক মাৰি ধৰি আনি দিম; স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ লোণ চাউল খাবৰ কি কাৰণ?" পাচে স্বৰ্গদেৱে বঁটাবাহন দি লোকজন সহিতে পঠাই দিলে। সিবোৰো গৈ কঢ়ামুখৰ দীৰ্ঘ পুখুৰীৰ কোষত ৰʼলগৈ। সেই সময়ত কাৰেকুছীয়া বাসুদেৱ তপসী লস্কৰে বোলে-"আহোমৰ লগত যুদ্ধ কৰিব নোৱাৰি। পোৱালি-খোৱা আহোম, পেটৰ পোৱালিকো চিৰি মাৰে।" এই বুলি ঘোঁৰা ৫টা, ৰূপ ২ চৰু সহিতে মালবৈয়া লস্কৰ পঠাই দিলে, বোলে-"আমি স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ শৰ্ণীয়া হʼলো, আমাক যিৰূপে ক্ৰোদ্ধ এৰিব, তাকে কৰিব।" পাচে ডেকাৰজা প্ৰমুখ্যে গলমণি পাত্ৰে বোলে-"ভাল, আমি মহাৰাজ স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ চৰণত বুজাই সাঞ্চি-পাতি ৰাখিম। তহঁতৰ ভাই-ভতিজা আমাৰ লগত পঠাই দে, খাটনীয়াৰৰূপে স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ চৰণত সেৱা কৰি থাকক গৈ, তেবেসে আমি উলটি যাব পাৰোঁ।" এই কথাত থাকি লালোয়া, উতাবৰ, কহিক, চোমদাৰ, উজীৰ, তমাই, চপা, সোণাবৰ, ভেদাই, এই সকল ভূঞাৰ ভাই-ভতিজাক লগত লৈ সন্দিকৈ প্ৰমুখ্যে ডেকাৰজায়ে খাটনীয়াৰৰূপে ভেঁটাই দিলে। স্বৰ্গদেউ বোলে-"শুকুলা হাতীৰ যে তমাই উঠিছে, সেই হাতী মোলৈ কিয় নানিলিহঁক?" পাচে ভূঞাৰ পুত্ৰ চপা সোণাবৰে বোলে-"হাতীৰ পোৰোগ হৈছিল, সেই কথাতেহে হাতীৰ সকলো গাৱে চূণ ঘহিছিল। শুক্লা হস্তীক স্বৰ্গদেউ নাপায়, আমি বন্দীহঁতে ক'ত পাম?" স্বৰ্গদেউ বোলে-"বন্দীহঁতে টেপাই কৰিব পাই নেকি?" এই বুলি উতৈ তমাই ২ ভূঞাক জুমুধি দেওঘৰৰ কোষত কাটিলে। তাৰ দুই পুতেক খাটনীয়াৰৰ লগতে ৰাখিলে। তাৰেপৰা ভূঞা বোৰ বশ হৈ থাকিল।" </ref>। ''"পুৰণি অসম বুৰঞ্জী"'' খনত উল্লেখ থকাৰ মতে চুহুংমুঙৰ ৰজাৰ ৰাজত্ব কালৰ শেষৰ ফালে তুৰ্বকক পৰাস্ত কৰাৰ পাছত ৰটা-টেমনিত বাকি থকা কিছু ভূঞায়ে(মদনগিৰি, ধৰ্ম্মাই, ৰামচন্দ্ৰগিৰি, দন্দৰ দলৈ, তামূলীদলৈ, বৰচোমদাৰ, দলিদখান) আহোম ৰজাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ ঘোষণা কৰিছিল আৰু কলং নৈৰ ওচৰত গোট খাই যুদ্ধলৈ সাজু হৈছিল। কিন্তু চুহুংমুঙে এই সকলৰ বিদ্ৰোহ দমন কৰিছিল আৰু সকলোকে ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ উত্তৰ পাৰলৈ লয় অনা হৈছিল। <ref>Bhuyan, S.K.,"Assam Buranji(SM)", p.24, "আৰু ৰটাটেমনি ভাগি বাৰভূঞা যাই কলঙ্গৰ কোষত ৰহিল। মদনগিৰি, ধৰ্ম্মাই, চোমদাৰ, ৰামচন্দ্ৰগিৰি, দন্দৰ দলৈ, তামূলীদলৈ, বৰচোমদাৰ, দলিদখাঁ, এইসব প্ৰমুখ্যে যুদ্ধক মনে আছে।" </ref><ref>Goswami, Hemchandra, "Purani Assam Buranji, p. 154, "পাচে মোৰ পুথাও দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজা কাচেঙ্গ বড় পাত্ৰগোহাইক সেনাপতি পাতি উপাই কৰি তুৰ্বকক মৰালে। আত পাচে সেই বেলা ৰটাটেমনিৰ বাৰ ভূঞায়াই কলঙৰ কাখৰত ৰলহি। মদনগিৰি, ধৰ্ম্মাই, চোমদাৰ, ৰামচন্দ্ৰ গিৰি, চন্দ্ৰ দলৈ, তামুলী দলৈ, বাহুদলৈ, বড় চোমদাৰ, এই সকল প্ৰমুখ্যে যুদ্ধক মনে আছে। ...পাচে দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজা বড় সন্দিকৈ সকলো বোৰে ভূঞায় যুদ্ধলৈ সলালৈ, আহিল। পাচে ভূঞাৎ সলা মাৰিলে। প্ৰথমে ৰনভঙ্গ হৈ আমাৰ হুহুকি আহি পৌষ মাস ১৪৬৩ শকত দুদিন পাচে যুদ্ধ কৰি ভূঞাক ভঙ্গাই মূৰ আনি মথাডাঙ্গত থলে। দুটা দৌল বান্ধিলে। ৰামচন্দ্ৰ গিৰি, দলিদখাঁ, প্ৰমুখো ভূঞা সকল সলাত লোকজন সহিতে দান্তে ধৰি দিহিঙ্গীয়া ৰজাত সৰণাগত হ'ল; লস্কৰো পৰিল ১৬, কটোয়াল পৰিল ১২, ঘোড়া পালে ৩০০, সেনা অনেক পৰিল। বজৰা নাও ৬০ পালে। সেই ভূঞা সকলক পুথাও দিহিঙ্গীয়া স্বৰ্গদেৱৰ আজ্ঞাএ বড় চেতিয়ায়ে উত্তৰ কোনে পাতিলে।" </ref><ref>Barua, G.C.,"Ahom Buranji, p. 79.,"The Bara Bhuiyas paid their homage to the heavenly king(Suklengmung) on the side of the Kapili river.</ref> ==টোকা== {{reflist|3}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{refbegin}} * {{cite journal |last1=Guha |first1=Amalendu |date=December 1983 |title=The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228–1714) |journal=Social Scientist |volume=11 |issue=12 |pages=3–34 |doi=10.2307/3516963 |jstor=3516963 |ref=harv}} * {{cite journal |last1=Lahiri |first1=Nayanjot |date=June 1984 |title=The Pre-Ahom Roots of Medieval Assam |journal=Social Scientist |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=60–69 |doi=10.2307/3517004 |jstor=3517004 |ref=harv}} * {{Citation | ref = harv | last = Nath | first = D | title = History of the Koch Kingdom: 1515–1615 | publisher=Mittal Publications | place=Delhi | year=1989 }} * {{Citation | ref = harv | last = Gohain Barooah | first = P | title = An Illustrated HISTORY OF ASSAM | publisher=Leela agency | place=tezpur | year=1937 }} * {{Citation |ref=harv |last=Neog |first=M |contribution=Origin of the Baro-Bhuyans |editor-last=Barpujari |editor-first=H. K. |title=The Comprehensive History of Assam |volume=2 |pages=62–66 |publisher=Assam Publication Board |place=Guwahati |year=1992 }} * {{Citation |ref=harv |last=Neog |first=M |contribution= |editor-last= |editor-first= |title=Early History of the Vaisnava Faith and Movement in Assam |volume= |pages= |publisher=Motilal Banarasidass |place=Delhi |year=1980 }} {{refend}} {{অসমৰ ইতিহাস}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ইতিহাস]] 7bkvxsin0hnrfwj1l7r0lf0wnildgsv 0 57934 608810 510972 2026-05-26T08:43:29Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name =ডিফু চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় ও চিকিৎসালয় | established =২৫ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ | type = চৰকাৰী চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় | motto = | motto_lang = [[Sanskrit]] | mottoeng = | city = [[ডিফু]], [[পূব কাৰ্বি আংলং জিলা]] | state = [[অসম]] | country = [[ভাৰত]] | dean = | principal = ডাঃ সুমিত্ৰা হাগজেৰ<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehillstimes.in/regional/diphu-medical-college-to-start-functioning-from-nov-25/|title=Diphu Medical College to start functioning from Nov 25|date=2011-01-20|website=The Hills Times|language=en|access-date=2020-03-25|7=|url-status=live|archivedate=2020-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325132748/https://www.thehillstimes.in/regional/diphu-medical-college-to-start-functioning-from-nov-25/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = | administrative_staff = | students = | undergrad = ১০০ | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | campus = উপ-চহৰীয়া | postcode = 782462 | coordinates = {{coord|25.828347|93.424794|display=Inline}} | pushpin_map = India Assam#India | affiliations = [[শ্ৰীমন্ত শংকৰদেৱ স্বাস্থ্য বিজ্ঞান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]<br> [[ভাৰতীয় চিকিৎসা আয়োগ]] | language = | free_label = | free = | free_label2 = | free2 = | colors = <!--or, colours= --> | athletics = | sports = | athletics_nickname = <!--or, sports_nickname= --> | sporting_affiliations = | mascot = <!--or, mascots= --> | sports_free_label = | sports_free = | sports_free_label2 = | sports_free2 = | website ={{url|https://dmcassam.in/}} | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | footnotes = }} '''ডিফু চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় ও চিকিৎসালয়''' অসমৰ [[পূব কাৰ্বি আংলং জিলা]]ৰ [[ডিফু]]ত অৱস্থিত এখন চৰকাৰী চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://karbinetwork.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/foundation-of-assam-hills-medical-college-laid/|title=Foundation of Diphu Medical College laid|date=2011-01-20|website=Karbi Information Network|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084546/https://karbinetwork.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/foundation-of-assam-hills-medical-college-laid/|archive-date=2018-12-26|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Medical-engg-seats-in-state-increase/articleshow/48074358.cms|title=Medical, engg seats in state increase - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161216181043/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/Medical-engg-seats-in-state-increase/articleshow/48074358.cms|archive-date=2016-12-16|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/announcements/others/enhancement-of-the-existing-work-order-of-rs-15655-crores-to-209-crores-for-the-construction-of-Diphu-medical-college-diphu-guwahati/article21975132.ece|title=Enhancement Of The Existing Work Order Of Rs. 156.55 Crores To 209 Crores For The Construction Of Diphu Medical College; ,Diphu Guwahati|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ২৫ নৱেম্বৰ তাৰিখৰ পৰা ই সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে কাৰ্যক্ষম হৈছিল। এইখন অসমৰ সপ্তম চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়। অসমৰ চৰকাৰৰ স্বাস্থ্য আৰু পৰিয়াল কল্যাণ বিভাগ আৰু অসম চিকিৎসা সঞ্চালকালয়ে মহাবিদ্যালয়খন পৰিচালনা কৰে। ডিফু চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় ভাৰতীয় চিকিৎসা পৰিষদৰ স্বীকৃতি প্ৰাপ্ত আৰু [[শ্ৰীমন্ত শংকৰদেৱ স্বাস্থ্য বিজ্ঞান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]ৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। মহাবিদ্যালয়খনে ২০২০-২১ শিক্ষাবৰ্ষৰ বাবে চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ স্নাতক পাঠ্যক্ৰম ১০০ গৰাকী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীৰ নামভৰ্তিৰ অনুমতি লাভ কৰিছে। [[শিলচৰ চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়]]ৰ শল্য চিকিৎসা বিভাগৰ মুৰব্বী ডাঃ সুমিত্ৰা হাগজেৰ ডিফু চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়ৰ প্ৰথম গৰাকী অধ্যক্ষ আৰু মুখ্য পৰিদৰ্শক। ==ইতিহাস== ২০১১ চনৰ ১৯ জানুৱাৰী তাৰিখে অসমৰ স্বাস্থ্যমন্ত্ৰী [[হিমন্ত বিশ্ব শৰ্মা|ড॰ হিমন্ত বিশ্ব শৰ্মা]]য়ে ডিফু চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়ৰ আধাৰশিলা স্থাপন কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://faamcassam.co.in/About/History|title=Website of FAAMCH.|website=faamcassam.co.in|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706160957/http://www.faamcassam.co.in/About/History|archive-date=2017-07-06|url-status=live|archivedate=2017-07-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706160957/http://www.faamcassam.co.in/About/History|deadurl=yes}}</ref> আৰম্ভণিতে ইয়াৰ নাম অসম পাৰ্বত্য চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় আৰু গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান ৰখা হৈছিল যদিও পিছলৈ চৰকাৰী ভাবে ডিফু চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় কৰা হল। ২০১৭ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে ইয়াৰ আন্তঃগাঁথনিৰ বাবে পূৰ্বে অনুমোদিত ১৫৬.৫৫ কোটি টকাৰ পৰা ২০৯ কোটিলৈ বৃদ্ধি কৰে।<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dme.assam.gov.in/frontimpotentdata/status-of-centrally-sponsored-scheme|title=Status of Centrally Sponsored Scheme {{!}} Directorate of Medical Education {{!}} Government Of Assam, India|website=dme.assam.gov.in|access-date=2018-12-26}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/brief-brahmaputra-infrastructure-says-or-idINFWN1HR013|title=BRIEF-Brahmaputra Infrastructure says order enhancement for...|date=2017-04-19|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084508/https://in.reuters.com/article/brief-brahmaputra-infrastructure-says-or-idINFWN1HR013|archive-date=2018-12-26|url-status=live|archivedate=2018-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084508/https://in.reuters.com/article/brief-brahmaputra-infrastructure-says-or-idINFWN1HR013|deadurl=yes}}</ref> মহাবিদ্যালয়খনৰ নিৰ্মাণকাৰ্য ২০১২ চনতেই আৰম্ভ হৈছিল যদিও তিনিবাৰ সলনি কৰাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ ২৮ এপ্ৰিলত মূল স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প গ্ৰহণ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.drongoexpress.com/2018/06/06/health-minister-piyush-hazarika-conduct-inspection-on-the-ongoing-hills-medical-college-at-diphu/|title=Health Minister Piyush Hazarika conduct inspection on the ongoing Hills Medical College at Diphu {{!}} The Drongo Express|last=Express|first=Drongo|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084447/http://www.drongoexpress.com/2018/06/06/health-minister-piyush-hazarika-conduct-inspection-on-the-ongoing-hills-medical-college-at-diphu/|archive-date=2018-12-26|url-status=live|archivedate=2018-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084447/http://www.drongoexpress.com/2018/06/06/health-minister-piyush-hazarika-conduct-inspection-on-the-ongoing-hills-medical-college-at-diphu/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ ইনফ্ৰাষ্ট্ৰাক্সাৰ নামৰ কোম্পানী ইয়াৰ নিৰ্মাণ কাৰ্যৰ লগত জড়িত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneyworks4me.com/company/news/index/id/253738|title=Brahmaputra Infrastructure’s JV bags order worth Rs 98.41 crore - Brahmaputra Infrastructure Ltd. Latest News|website=www.moneyworks4me.com|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084223/https://www.moneyworks4me.com/company/news/index/id/253738|archive-date=2018-12-26|url-status=live|archivedate=2018-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226084223/https://www.moneyworks4me.com/company/news/index/id/253738|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ২৫ নৱেম্বৰ তাৰিখৰ পৰা ই সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে কাৰ্যক্ষম হৈছিল। এইখন অসমৰ সপ্তম চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়। মহাবিদ্যালয়খনে ২০২০-২১ শিক্ষাবৰ্ষৰ বাবে চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ স্নাতক পাঠ্যক্ৰম ১০০ গৰাকী ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীৰ নামভৰ্তিৰ অনুমতি লাভ কৰিছে। == অৱস্থান আৰু পৰিবহণ == ডিফু চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় [[অসম]]ৰ [[পূব কাৰ্বি আংলং জিলা]]ৰ সদৰ [[ডিফু]]ত অৱস্থিত। ই ডিফু বাছ আস্থান আৰু ডিফু ৰে'ল ষ্টেচনৰ পৰা প্ৰায় ২ কিঃমিঃ নিলগত অৱস্থিত। ==তথ্য উৎস== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চিকিৎসালয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কাৰ্বি আংলং জিলা]] sr88g62yianaxfpfpsutr83t5pxw8yd 0 66420 608748 519727 2026-05-26T06:16:14Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = জ্যোৎস্না শ্ৰীকান্ত | image = Jyotsna Srikanth.jpg | alt = | caption = লাইভ কনচাৰ্ট, ২০১১ | birth_name = | birth_date = <!--{{Birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | birth_place = [[বেংগালুৰু]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date) --> | death_place = | nationality = [[ভাৰত]] | other_names = | occupation = | known_for = [[কৰ্ণাটকী সংগীত]], [[পাশ্চাত্য সঙ্গীত]] }} '''জ্যোৎস্না শ্ৰীকান্ত''' ({{Lang-en|Jyotsna Srikanth}}) এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় [[বেহালা বাদক]] আৰু সুৰকাৰ, কৰ্ণাটকী সংগীত আৰু পাশ্চাত্য শাস্ত্ৰীয় সংগীতৰ এগৰাকী পৰিৱেশক। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == জ্যোৎস্না শ্ৰীকান্ত ভাৰতৰ [[বেংগালুৰু]]ৰ এক [[অন্ধ্ৰপ্ৰদেশ|অন্ধ্ৰ]] সংগীত পৰিবাৰত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ মাতৃ ৰত্না শ্ৰীকান্তাইয়া এগৰাকী কৰ্ণাটকী সংগীতশিল্পী আৰু শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী।<ref name=nie2012>{{cite news|newspaper=The New Indian Express|date=5 November 2012|title=Re-inventing the wheel|author=Nivedita K G|location=Bangalore|url=http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article1327393.ece|access-date=2 February 2021|archivedate=22 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322120703/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/article1327393.ece|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == সংগীত জীৱন == ===প্ৰশিক্ষণ=== জ্যোৎস্না শ্ৰীকান্তে তেওঁৰ মাকৰ পৰা পাঁচ বছৰ বয়সতে কৰ্ণাটিক সংগীতৰ প্ৰশিক্ষণ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref name=dh2007>{{cite news|newspaper=Deccan Herald|title=Stringing passion and profession!|date=8 December 2007|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Dec82007/she2007120740002.asp|author=Geetha Srinivasan|accessdate=19 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322111539/http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Dec82007/she2007120740002.asp|archive-date=22 March 2014|url-status=dead|archivedate=22 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322111539/http://archive.deccanherald.com/content/Dec82007/she2007120740002.asp|deadurl=yes}}</ref> এই প্ৰশিক্ষণটো খুব কঠোৰ আছিল, তেওঁ প্ৰতিদিনে ছয় ঘণ্টাকৈ অনুশীলন কৰিছিল আৰু উৎসৱৰ সময়ত সংগীতানুষ্ঠানৰ উপস্থিতি হৈছিল।<ref name=nie2012/> তেওঁ ছয় বছৰ বয়সত [[:en:Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan|কুনাকুডি বৈদ্যনাথন]]ৰ এক [[বেহেলা]] প্ৰদৰ্শনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, যাৰ পিছতে তেওঁ এই বাদ্যযন্ত্ৰটোৰ প্ৰতি খুব আগ্ৰহী হৈ পৰে।<ref name=bmirror>{{cite news|newspaper=Bangalore Mirror|author=Aruna Chandaraju|date=16 January 2011|url=http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/81/201101162011011602265525448e13f50/Stringing-it-right.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118011651/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/81/201101162011011602265525448e13f50/Stringing-it-right.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2013|title=Stringing it right|accessdate=19 November 2012|archivedate=18 January 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130118011651/http://www.bangaloremirror.com/article/81/201101162011011602265525448e13f50/Stringing-it-right.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তেওঁ ধ্ৰুপদী ভাৰতীয় বেহেলাৰ ডোয়েন [[:en:R. R. Keshavamurthy|আৰ আৰ কেশৱমূৰ্তি]]ৰ অধীনত প্ৰশিক্ষণ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ৯বছৰ বয়সত প্ৰথম একক কনচাৰ্ট কৰে।<ref name=hindu2011>{{cite news|newspaper=The Hindu|author=Geetha Srinivasan|title=East meets west|date=8 April 2011|accessdate=19 November 2012|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/article1610133.ece?textsize=small&test=2}}</ref><ref name=nie2012/> জ্যোৎস্না সম্পূৰ্ণ বেহালাবাদক হোৱাৰ উদ্দেশ্যেৰে পাশ্চাত্য ধ্ৰুপদী ঠাঁচৰ বেহেলা শিকাৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা বোধ কৰি তেওঁ বেংগালুৰু স্কুল অৱ মিউজিকত প্ৰশিক্ষণ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। আৰু উন্নত প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ বাবে তেওঁ একক বেহেলাবাদক ভি এছ নৰসিংহনৰ সৈতে শিকিবলৈ চেন্নাইলৈ গৈছিল। নৰসিংহই বিখ্যাত ভাৰতীয় সুৰকাৰ [[:en:Ilaiyaraaja|ইলাইয়াৰাজা]]ৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref name=dh2007/> জ্যোৎস্না লণ্ডনৰ [[:en:Royal School of Music|ৰয়েল স্কুল অৱ মিউজিক]]ৰ পৰা তেওঁ গ্ৰেডিং অৰ্জন কৰিছিল।<ref name=hindu2011/> ===পেচা=== [[:en:Hamsalekha|হামসালেখা]] আৰু [[:en:Ilaiyaraaja|ইলাইয়াৰাজা]]ৰ দৰে চলচ্চিত্ৰ সুৰকাৰসকলৰ পৰিচালনাত বেহেলা বজাই জ্যোৎস্না প্ৰথম চলচ্চিত্ৰ সংগীতত আহিছিল।<ref name=dh2007/> তেওঁৰ হিচাপত, তেওঁ প্ৰায় দুই শতাধিক দক্ষিণ ভাৰতীয় ছবিত বেহেলা বজাইছে।<ref name=bmirror/> বিবাহৰ পিছত তেওঁ লণ্ডনলৈ যায়। তাত তেওঁ সংগীত বিষয়ক কামবোৰ বঢ়াই নিয়ে। তথ্যচিত্ৰ ([[:en:Discovery Channel|ডিস্কভাৰী]] আৰু [[:en:National Geographic Channel|নেশ্যনেল জীয়গ্ৰাফিক চেনেলত]]), দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিকত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ লগতে, বিশ্ব সংগীতৰ বিভিন্ন সূচী যেনে [[:en:World of Music, Arts and Dance|ওমেড]] (বিশ্ব সংগীত, শিল্প আৰু নৃত্য), [[:en:Red Violin Festival|ৰেড ভায়োলিন ফেচটিভেল]], ক্লিভলেণ্ড সংগীত উৎসৱ আৰু [[:en:The Proms|বিবিচি প্ৰমচ]] অনুষ্ঠান আদিত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name=bmirror/> জ্যোৎস্না জাজ আৰু একীভূত সঙ্গীতও (ফিউশ্যন) সম্পাদন কৰে আৰু ফিউশ্যন ড্ৰিমচ নামৰ এটি দল স্থাপন কৰে।<ref name=dh2007/> তেওঁ শাস্ত্ৰীয় গিটাৰবাদক সিমন থাকেৰ আৰু ফ্লামেনকো/জাজ গিটাৰিষ্ট এডুয়াৰ্ডো নিবলাৰ<ref name=bmirror/> লগতে ফাদো চাক্সোফোনিষ্ট ৰাও কিয়াওৰ লগতো কাম কৰে। জ্যোৎস্না কেমব্ৰিজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আৰু লিভাৰপুল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ভাৰতীয় আৰু পাশ্চাত্য ধ্ৰুপদী বেহালাৰ মাজৰ এক তুলনামূলক বক্তৃতা দিছিল।<ref name=hindu2011/> তেওঁ উঠি অহা ভাৰতীয় শিল্পীসকলৰ যুক্তৰাজ্যত অনুষ্ঠান কৰাত সহায়তা হোৱাকৈ ধ্ৰুৱ নামৰ এটি সংস্থা প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল,<ref name=hindu2011/> লগতে দানৰ বাবে পুঁজি সংগ্ৰহ কৰাৰ বাবেও কাম কৰিছিল।<ref name=dh2011>{{cite news|newspaper=Deccan Herald|title=Enriching Melody|date=11 April 2011|url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/152747/content/214289/in-class-her-own.html}}</ref> ২০১২ চনত, তেওঁ লণ্ডন আন্তঃৰ্জাতিক কলা উৎসৱ (London International Arts Festival) -ৰ আয়োজন কৰে। তাত কৰ্ণাটকী, ফিউশ্যন, লোক আৰু বলকান সংগীত অনুষ্ঠানৰ আয়োজনৰ লগতে চিপ্ৰাচ আৰু ভাৰতীয় নৃত্য পৰিৱেশনৰ অনুষ্ঠানবোৰো আয়োজন কৰিছিল।<ref name=nie2012/> জ্যোৎস্না তেওঁৰ কৰ্ণাটকী সঙ্গীত জীৱনত একক কণ্ঠশিল্পী হিচাবে গান গাইছিল। সহযোগী হিচাপে তেওঁ যিসকলৰ লগত কাম কৰিছিল তাৰ ভিতৰত আছিল ডা° এম বালমুৰালিকৃষ্ণ,<ref name=toi2012>{{cite news|newspaper=The Times of India|date=7 January 2012|title=Balamuralikrishna flips 81, says he's 18|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-07/bangalore/30601716_1_carnatic-music-fusion-music-jugalbandi-concerts|accessdate=19 November 2012|archivedate=18 February 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218030938/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-07/bangalore/30601716_1_carnatic-music-fusion-music-jugalbandi-concerts|deadurl=yes}}</ref> কাদ্ৰি গোপালনাথ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b011cfw5|title=Darbar Festival 2011, Episode 2|publisher=BBC Radio 3|year=2011}}</ref> চিত্ৰবীণা ৰবিকিৰণ, ৰঞ্জনী-গায়ত্ৰী, সুধা ৰঘুনাথন, জয়ন্তী কুমাৰেশ, সঞ্জয় সুব্ৰহ্মণীয়াম, নিত্যশ্ৰী মহাদেৱন, আৰ. কে. শ্ৰীকান্তন আৰু অৰুণা সায়ৰাম।<ref name=darbar>{{cite web|work=Darbar Festival|title=Festival at a glance|year=2012|url=http://www.darbar.org/Darbar_Festival_2012_at_a_Glance.pdf|access-date=2021-02-02|archivedate=2014-03-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322104158/http://www.darbar.org/Darbar_Festival_2012_at_a_Glance.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> শ্ৰীকান্ত নিম্নলিখিত ভাৰতীয় সুৰকাৰসকলৰ মাজৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ: ত্যাগৰাজ, পুৰন্দৰ দাসাৰু, পাপানাসাম সিভান, অন্নমাচাৰ্য্য, মুথুস্বামী দিক্ষিতাৰ, শ্যামা শাস্ত্ৰী আৰু মহীশূৰ বাশুদেবাচৰ। জ্যোৎস্না লণ্ডন আন্তঃৰ্জাতিক আৰ্টচ উৎসৱৰ আয়োজক আৰু তেওঁ যুক্তৰাজ্যৰ ধ্ৰুৱ আৰ্টচ ([http://www.DhruvArts.org Dhruv Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122030952/http://www.dhruvarts.org/ |date=2021-01-22 }}) -ৰ শৈল্পিক পৰিচালক। ===প্ৰশংসা=== তেওঁৰ [[বেহেলা]] বজোৱা আৰু সংগীত শৈলীক "আশ্চৰ্যজনক" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Independent|author=Michael Church|date=28 July 2011|accessdate=19 November 2012|title=BBC Proms 16/17: BBC NOW/Fischer/Arditti/World Routes Academy, Royal Albert Hall (3/5, 4/5)|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/reviews/bbc-proms-1617-bbc-nowfischerardittiworld-routes-academy-royal-albert-hall-35-45-2327493.html}}</ref> ২০০৮ চনত তেওঁ লণ্ডনৰ [[:en:Trinity College of Music|ট্ৰিনিটি কলেজ অৱ মিউজিক]]ৰ পৰা কৰ্ণাটকী সংগীতত ফেলোশ্বিপ পাইছিল।<ref name=bmirror/> [[File:Jyotsna Srikanth at the BBC Proms concert, 2011.JPG|thumb|বি বি চি প্ৰমছত কনচাৰ্ট]] == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == জ্যোৎস্না এগৰাকী অনুশীলনকাৰী ৰোগ বিশেষজ্ঞ, তেওঁ ভাৰতৰ [[:en:Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute|বেংগালুৰু মেডিকেল কলেজ]]ৰ পৰা [[:en:Clinical pathology|ক্লিনিকেল পথল’জিত]]ত [[:en:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|এমবিবিএছ]] আৰু স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী অৰ্জন কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ভি শ্ৰীকান্ত শৰ্মাৰ সৈতে বিবাহ পাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়, সিহঁতৰ দুটি সন্তান আছে আৰু সিহঁত লণ্ডনত থাকে। == ডিস্কগ্ৰাফী == * ''কৰ্ণাটিক লাউঞ্জ'', টাইমচ মিউজিক, ২০১১ * ''চেণ্টচ ফৰ চিলড্ৰেন'', থিম মিউজিক, ২০১১ * ''কৰ্ণাটিক জাজ'', স্বাথী সংস্কৃতি, ২০১১ * ''আলাইপায়ুদ'', চিডি বেবি, ২০১০ * ''ফিউশ্যন ড্ৰিমচ'', চিডি বেবি, ২০০৮ * ''ইনচাইট'', ফাউণ্টেইন মিউজিক, ২০০৮ * ''লাইফ'', আৰ্থনবিট, ২০০৭ * কৰ্নাটিক সংযোগ, ২০১৬ ==তথ্য&nbsp; সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170710084650/http://indianviolin.eu/Jyotsna.html জ্যোৎস্না শ্ৰীকান্ত] * [http://liaf.co.uk/ লণ্ডন আন্তঃৰ্জাতিক শিল্প উৎসৱ] * [https://sites.google.com/site/dhruvafoundationgbbo00/ ধ্ৰুৱ আৰ্টচ্] * [http://www.knowyourstar.com/jyotsna-srikanth-interview/ সাক্ষাৎকাৰ] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বাদ্যযন্ত্ৰী]] epgrxxz0p7tm6vr6lw62vvfck5f6c29 0 71421 608750 571226 2026-05-26T06:36:04Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox venue|name=জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়াম|operator=গ্ৰেটাৰ কোচিন ডেভেলপমেণ্ট অথৰিটি|construction_cost=|former_names=|acreage=|dimensions=|record_attendance=১,০০,০০০ (ভাৰত বনাম ইৰাক ১৯৯৭)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.waytokickoff.com/site/stadium-kbfc/|title=STADIUM|website=waytokickoff.com|access-date=24 January 2021|archivedate=2 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212429/http://www.waytokickoff.com/site/stadium-kbfc/|deadurl=yes}}</ref>|capacity=৬০,৫০০ (আইএছএলৰ বাবে ৩৯,০০০ লৈ সীমিত)<ref>{{cite news|title=Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium-Kaloor-Kochi|url=http://www.keralacricketassociation.com/jawaharlal-nehru-stadium-kaloor-kochi|publisher=[[Kerala Cricket Association]]|access-date=28 May 2020|archivedate=1 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501202051/http://www.keralacricketassociation.com/jawaharlal-nehru-stadium-kaloor-kochi|deadurl=yes}}</ref>|publictransit=জে.এল.এন. ষ্টেডিয়াম মেট্ৰ' ষ্টেচন|main_contractors=|general_contractor=|project_manager=|architect=|owner=গ্ৰেটাৰ কোচিন ডেভেলপমেণ্ট অথৰিটি|native_name_lang=|demolished=|closed=|expanded=|renovated=2000|opened={{Start date and age|df=yes|1996}}|broke_ground=|coordinates={{Coord|9|59|50|N|76|18|04|E|display=it}}|location=কালুৰ, কোচি,[[ভাৰত]]|caption=কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছৰ এখন আইএছএল খেলৰ সময়ত ষ্টেডিয়াম|image=Jewharlal Nehru Stadium Kochi ISL 2016 Final.jpg|logo_caption=|logo_image=|executive_suites=}} '''জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়াম,''' ({{Lang-en|Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium (Kochi)}}) যাক স্থানীয়ভাৱে '''কালুৰ ষ্টেডিয়াম''' বুলি জনা যায়, ই হৈছে কেৰালাৰ কোচিৰ এক বহুমুখী আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়াম। ষ্টেডিয়াম খনৰ ক্ষমতা হৈছে ৬০,৫০০।<ref>{{Cite web |title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি |url=http://www.keralacricketassociation.com/jawaharlal-nehru-stadium-kaloor-kochi |access-date=2021-05-29 |archivedate=2020-05-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501202051/http://www.keralacricketassociation.com/jawaharlal-nehru-stadium-kaloor-kochi |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইণ্ডিয়ান চুপাৰ লীগৰ খেলসমূহৰ বাবে ইয়াক ৩৯,০০০ ত সীমাবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে কিয়নো খেলসমূহৰ বাবে কেৱল নিম্ন আৰু মধ্যস্তৰৰ ষ্টেডিয়াম ভাড়াত দিয়া হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2017/nov/26/fifa-never-compromised-on-the-safety-of-people-at-the-jni-stadium-but-isl-does-1711198.amp |access-date=2021-05-29 |archivedate=2017-12-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033745/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2017/nov/26/fifa-never-compromised-on-the-safety-of-people-at-the-jni-stadium-but-isl-does-1711198.amp |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football-fifa-u17-world-cup/kochi-stadium-capacity-reduced-to-29000-from-41000-4874282/</ref> কেৰালাত এখন বিশ্বমানৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণৰ অনুমোদন কেৰালাৰ প্ৰয়াত মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী কে. কৰুণা কৰণৰ চৰকাৰে কৰিছিল। ষ্টেডিয়ামখন ১৯৯৬ চনত "ভি. জোচেফ থমাছ আই.পি.এছ."ৰ নেতৃত্বত "গ্ৰেটাৰ কোচিন ডেভেলপমেণ্ট অথৰিটি"ৰ দ্বাৰা নিৰ্ধাৰিত সময়ৰ আগতে সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=VIP Football Pavilion at Kaloor Stadium Named after K Karunakaran|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2015/aug/21/VIP-Football-Pavilion-at-Kaloor-Stadium-Named-after-K-Karunakaran-802521.html|accessdate=2020-11-24|work=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=July 14, 2015|title=Pavilion to be named after Karunakaran|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Pavilion-to-be-named-after-Karunakaran/articleshow/48063171.cms|accessdate=2020-11-24|work=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> এই ষ্টেডিয়ামখন ইয়াৰ স্বকীয় স্থাপত্যৰ বাবে বিশ্বৰ অন্যতম কোলাহলপূৰ্ণ ফুটবল ষ্টেডিয়াম হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়। ষ্টেডিয়ামে কেইবাখনো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট আৰু ফুটবল খেলৰ আয়োজক হিচাপে খেলিছে কিন্তু ২০১৪ চনৰ পিছত ই আইএছএলৰ বাবে কোনো ক্ৰিকেট খেল অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা নাছিল। ষ্টেডিয়ামৰ বিস্তৃত খেলপথাৰখনে চহৰখনত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰদৰ্শনী, চিনেমা অনুষ্ঠান আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক সমদলৰ স্থান হিচাপে কাম কৰে। ষ্টেডিয়ামৰ আটাইতকৈ অভিনৱ দিশটো হ'ল ইয়াৰ ২ কিলোৱাট ফ্লাডলাইটৰ অনন্য লাইটিং টাৱাৰ যিটো সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে অন কৰিলে এইচ ডি টেলিকাষ্টৰ বাবে পোহৰৰ স্তৰ প্ৰদান কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.manoramaonline.com/advt/Advertisements/specials/kochi-odi-spl/index.htm|title=Manorama Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ccl5.com/nehru-stadium-kochi/|title=Ground Capacity|access-date=2021-05-29|archivedate=2014-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141120123908/http://ccl5.com/nehru-stadium-kochi|deadurl=yes}}</ref> বৃহত্তৰ কোচিন উন্নয়ন প্ৰাধিকৰণে কালুৰৰ জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়ামখন কেৰেলা ক্ৰিকেট এছ'চিয়েশ্যনক (কে চি এ) ৩০ বছৰৰ বাবে লীজত দিছিল। ষ্টেডিয়ামখনে কেৰালা ক্ৰিকেট দল, কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছ এফ চি (ইণ্ডিয়ান চুপাৰ লীগ) কে ধৰি দলবোৰৰ বাবে ঘৰুৱা খেলপথাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰে। ষ্টেডিয়ামে বিশ্বৰ পঞ্চম সৰ্বাধিক ভিৰ (128 db) থকাৰ বিশেষাধিকাৰ লাভ কৰিছে,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fanport.in/football/isl/kochi-5th-loudest-stadium/|title=Loudest record|access-date=2021-05-29|archivedate=2016-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229033108/http://fanport.in/football/isl/kochi-5th-loudest-stadium/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> আই এছ এল ২০১৬ ৰ চূড়ান্ত খেলৰ সময়ত য'ত "কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছে" "এটলেটিকো ডি কলকাতা"ৰ বিৰুদ্ধে জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়াম খেলিছিল। কোচি ভাৰতত অনুষ্ঠিত ২০১৭ ফিফা অনুৰ্ধ-১৭ বিশ্বকাপৰ বাবে ছয়খন আয়োজক চহৰৰ ভিতৰত এটা আছিল।<ref name="Manoramaonline">{{Cite news|title=Kochi to host U-17 FIFA World Cup matches|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/sports/football/kochi-to-host-u-17-fifa-world-cup-matches.html|publisher=Manoramaonline}}</ref> ১৯ আগষ্ট ২০১৭ তাৰিখলৈকে, ষ্টেডিয়ামত ১০ খন এদিনীয়া খেল অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছে। == ইতিহাস == কালুৰ ষ্টেডিয়াম খন মূলতঃ ফুটবল ষ্টেডিয়াম হিচাপে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল।কাৰণ কেৰেলা ভাৰতৰ কেইটামান অঞ্চলৰ ভিতৰত এটা য'ত ফুটবলে যথেষ্ট জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰে, এইটো বিবেচনা কৰি ইয়াক ফুটবল খেলৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰকৃততে, ১৯৯৭ চনত ভাৰত আৰু ইৰাকৰ মাজত অনুষ্ঠিত এখন খেলত প্ৰায় ১,০০,০০০ দৰ্শকে স্থানটো পূৰ্ণ কৰিছিল, আৰু এনেদৰে ইয়াক অত্যাধিক ভিৰ কৰিছিল, যিটো এই স্থানত এক অভিলেখ হৈ আছে। এয়া আছিল ১৯৯৭ চনৰ নেহৰু কাপ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল টুৰ্ণামেণ্টত, যিটো এই স্থানত প্ৰথম প্ৰতিযোগিতা আছিল। ষ্টেডিয়ামখন সময়মতে নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও সন্মান লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name="New Stadium Stand">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/New-Stadium-Stand-in-K-Karunakarans-Name/2015/07/14/article2918800.ece|title=Cochin Stadium|publisher=Official Website|date=10 May 2016|accessdate=May 10, 2016|archivedate=3 June 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603124544/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/New-Stadium-Stand-in-K-Karunakarans-Name/2015/07/14/article2918800.ece|deadurl=yes}}</ref>গ্ৰেটাৰ কোচিন উন্নয়ন প্ৰাধিকৰণৰ মুৰব্বী স্বৰ্গীয় "ভি জোচেফ থমাছ আইপিএছ"ৰ সতৰ্ক দৃষ্টিত ষ্টেডিয়ামখন সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ পালাইৰ "ছেইণ্ট থমাছ কলেজৰ দিনৰ পৰা ফুটবলৰ এজন ডাঙৰ অনুৰাগী আছিল আৰু কেৰালা ৰাজ্যিক এথলেটিকছ এছ'চিয়েচনৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষক হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name="Office Bearers Kerala State Athletics Association">{{Cite web|url=http://keralaathletics.org/officebearers.html|title=Office Bearers of Kerala State Athletics Association|publisher=Official Website of Kerala State Athletics Association|date=10 May 2016|accessdate=May 10, 2016|archivedate=11 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211072055/http://www.keralaathletics.org/officebearers.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ১৯৯৬ চনত ভাৰতৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি শংকৰ দয়াল শৰ্মাই ষ্টেডিয়ামখন উদ্বোধন কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনৰ পিছত, ফুটবল তললৈ নামি যায় আৰু ক্ৰিকেটে বহু বছৰধৰি কেন্দ্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়লৈ যায় (বিক্ৰী আৰু উচ্চ ধন উপাৰ্জনকাৰী খেল হিছাপে)। দৰাচলতে, ২০০৫ চনৰ এপ্ৰিলত ভাৰত আৰু ইয়াৰ চিৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দী পাকিস্তানৰ মাজত অনুষ্ঠিত ক্ৰিকেট এদিনীয়া খেলত এই স্থানত সৰ্বাধিক ধন উপাৰ্জন কৰা হৈছিল। ১৯৯৮ চনৰ ১ এপ্ৰিলত ভাৰত আৰু অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ মাজত এই খেলপথাৰত খেলা প্ৰথম খন এদিনীয়া খেল আছিল ষ্টেডিয়ামত প্ৰথম খন ইণ্ডিয়ান প্ৰিমিয়াৰ লীগ খেল আছিল ৯ এপ্ৰিল ২০১১ তাৰিখে, ("কোচি টাস্কৰ্ছ কেৰালা" আৰু "ৰয়েল চেলেঞ্জাৰ্ছ বাংগালোৰ"ৰ মাজত আয়োজন কৰা হৈছিল)। কোচি টাস্কাৰছৰ বাবে এইখন প্ৰথম আই পি এল খেল আছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ পাঁচখন ঘৰুৱা খেল এই ষ্টেডিয়ামত ২০১১ চনত খেলা হৈছিল, আৰু বাকী দুখন ইন্দোৰৰ হোলকাৰ ক্ৰিকেট ষ্টেডিয়ামত খেলা হৈছিল। ষ্টেডিয়ামে ২০১৩ চনৰ দলীপ ট্ৰফীৰ ছেমি ফাইনেল আৰু ফাইনেল আয়োজন কৰিছিল।[[File:Jewaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Kochi_ISL.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jewaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Kochi_ISL.jpg|right|thumb|220x220px|আইএছএল মেচ আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ আগত ষ্টেডিয়াম]] == কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছ এফ চি == ষ্টেডিয়ামখন ইণ্ডিয়ান চুপাৰ লীগৰ পৰা (২০১৪ চনৰ পৰা) কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছ এফ চিৰ আনুষ্ঠানিক ঘৰুৱা খেলপথাৰ। কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছে ০৬-১১-২০১৪ তাৰিখে অনুষ্ঠিত এফ চি গোৱাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰথমখন আইএছএল ঘৰুৱা মেচ ১-০ ত জিকিছিল। ২০১৪ চনৰ ৩০ নৱেম্বৰত কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছ এফ চি আৰু চেন্নাইয়িন এফ চিৰ মাজৰ খেলখনত ৫৯,৩২৩ জন দৰ্শক দেখা গৈছিল। ঘৰুৱা লীগ খেলত ইউৰোপৰ বাহিৰৰ ফুটবল ক্লাববোৰৰ বাবে কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছৰ গড় উপস্থিতি সৰ্বাধিক (৪৭,৪২৭)।<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kerala Blasters has the highest average attendance|url=http://www.worldfootball.net/attendance/ind-indian-super-league-2014/1/|date=2014-12-15}}</ref>{{Wide image|Kochi_Jawaharlal_Nehru_Stadium_Panorama.jpg|1024px|ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছ মেচডেত জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু ষ্টেডিয়াম}}ইণ্ডিয়ান চুপাৰ লীগৰ উদ্বোধনী ছিজনত কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছে ১৪ খন খেলৰ পৰা ১৯ পইণ্ট লাভ কৰি গ্ৰুপ পৰ্যায়ত চতুৰ্থ স্থান লাভ কৰে আৰু "পুনে চিটি এফ চি"ক পৰাস্ত কৰি ছেমি ফাইনেলৰ বাবে যোগ্যতা অৰ্জন কৰে। "কেৰালা ব্লাষ্টাৰ্ছ এফ চি" তেওঁলোকৰ সাতখন ঘৰুৱা খেলৰ ভিতৰত ছয়খনত অপৰাজিত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sushanth Mathew: 'I pulled off Cristiano trick'|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/7083/isl/2014/12/15/7091472/sushanth-mathew-i-pulled-off-cristiano-trick?ICID=TP_NL_1|work=Nikhil Jitendran|publisher=Goal.com|date=2014-12-15}}</ref>হিৰো ইণ্ডিয়ান চুপাৰ লীগ ২০১৭/১৮ৰ উদ্বোধনী অনুষ্ঠান এই ষ্টেডিয়ামত আয়োজন কৰা হৈছিল। == অৱস্থিতি == [[চিত্ৰ:Stadium_Link_Road_Kochi.jpg|right|thumb|220x220px|ষ্টেডিয়াম লিংক ৰোড]] জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়াম চহৰখনৰ মাজভাগত অৱস্থিত। ই কালুৰ আৰু পালাৰিভাট্‌মৰ মাজৰ বেনাৰ্জী ৰোডৰ কাষত অৱস্থিত। দক্ষিণ ফালৰ পৰা ষ্টেডিয়াম লিংক ৰোডে থাম্মানাম আৰু কাথ্ৰিকাদাভুৰ পৰা প্ৰৱেশৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে, যদিও এই পথত কোনো ৰাজহুৱা পৰিবহন নাই। ষ্টেডিয়ামখন উত্তৰ (নগৰ) আৰু দক্ষিণ (জংচন) ৰেল ষ্টেচনৰ পৰা ক্ৰমান্বয়ে ২.৫ আৰু ৫.২ কিমি (১.৬ আৰু ৩.২ মাইল) ত অৱস্থিত। কোচি মেট্ৰ' ষ্টেচন জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়ামৰ ঠিক সন্মুখত অৱস্থিত। এখন বিশিষ্ট বাছ ষ্টপৰ লগতে মেট্ৰ' ষ্টেচনৰ উপস্থিতিয়ে ইয়াক এক মুখ্য স্থান আৰু চহৰৰ যিকোনো প্ৰান্তৰ পৰা সহজে প্ৰৱেশ কৰিব পৰা স্থান কৰি তুলিছে। == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [http://www.p4panorama.com/panos/kochistadium/index.html 360-degree view of stadium] == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == [[শ্ৰেণী:ষ্টেডিয়াম]] rrsc1ceca9vj59qoh1djdomdd3mh3re 0 74114 608817 599031 2026-05-26T09:00:56Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ডেই জাং-গাম | image = | caption = Lee Young Ae as Jang Geum in the tv series Dae Jang Geum | birth_name = জাং-গাম | birth_date = পঞ্চদশ শতিকা | birth_place = জোছন ৰাজ্য | death_date = ষোড়শ শতিকা | death_place = জোছন ৰাজ্য | burial_place = অজ্ঞাত | nationality = জোছন (কোৰিয়ান) | other_names = ডেই জাং-গাম (মহান জাং-গাম) | known_for = কোৰিয়াৰ ৰজা জাংজঙৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী মহিলা ৰাজবৈদ্য | occupation = চিকিৎসক | years_active = ১৫১৩ - ১৫৫০ }} '''জাং-গাম''' বা '''লেডী জাং-গাম''' বা '''ডেই-জাং-গাম''' ({{lang-en|Lady Jang-geum}}) হৈছে [[কোৰিয়া]]ৰ ইতিহাসৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী মহিলা ৰাজবৈদ্য বা ৰয়েল ফিজিচিয়ান। তেওঁৰ বিষয়ে জোছন ৰাজবংশৰ নথিপত্ৰত ১০ বাৰ উল্লেখ পোৱা গৈছে। এই কথাৰ সম্ভেদ পোৱা যায় যে ৰজা জাংজং জাং-গামৰ চিকিৎসা জ্ঞানত সন্তুষ্ট হৈছিল আৰু ৰাজপৰিয়ালৰ আদৰ-যত্ন লোৱাৰ বাবে তেওঁৰ ওপৰত বিশ্বাস কৰিছিল। তেতিয়াৰ পৰা, জাং-গাম ৰাজসভাৰ তৃতীয় সৰ্বোচ্চ পদবীৰ বিষয়া হৈছিল, আৰু তেওঁক নামৰ আগত ''ডেই'' (মহান) উপাধি ব্যৱহাৰৰ অনুমতি দিয়া হৈছিল। কিছুমান উৎসই জাং-গামৰ প্ৰকৃত অস্তিত্বক প্ৰমাণিত কৰে<ref>{{cite web|title=Daejanggeum (Jewel in the Palace)|url=http://www.visitkorea.or.kr/ena/CU/CU_EN_8_5_1_6.jsp|publisher=Korea Tourism Organization|quote=...only woman to serve as head physician to the King in the rigidly hierarchical and male-dominated social structure of the Joseon Dynasty.|accessdate=21 February 2012|archivedate=29 October 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029061510/http://www.visitkorea.or.kr/ena/CU/CU_EN_8_5_1_6.jsp|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Daejanggeum spurs continuing interest in royal court cuisine|url=http://www.hancinema.net/daejanggeum-spurs-continuing-interest-in-royal-court-cuisine-17593.html|accessdate=21 February 2012|newspaper=Hancinema|date=8 January 2009|quote=Janggeum was a real person, mentioned in Joseon Dynasty annals who lived in Korea some 500 years ago.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Shin|first=Myung-Ho|title=Annals of Joseon History Brought To Life by the Digital Era|url=http://koreana.kf.or.kr/pdf_file/2008/2008_AUTUMN_E022.pdf|accessdate=21 February 2012|year=2008|quote=When the producer Lee Byung Hoon was working on the historical drama “Heo Jun,” he came across a noteworthy passage while searching the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty for information about Heo Jun (1539-1615), a Joseon court physician who attended the royal family. It was a statement by King Jungjong (r. 1506-1544) who declared: “No one knows my illnesses as well as Jang Geum.”|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926231524/http://koreana.kf.or.kr/pdf_file/2008/2008_AUTUMN_E022.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> যদিও ই এতিয়াও পণ্ডিতসকলৰ মাজত বিতৰ্কৰ বিষয় হৈ আছে। ==জোছন ৰাজবংশৰ নথিসমূহত উল্লেখ== জোছন ৰাজবংশৰ নথিসমূহত জাং-গামৰ নাম, কেতিয়াবা ইউনিয়ো (মহিলা নিৰাময়কাৰী) উপাধিৰ সৈতে ১০ বাৰ উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাজসভাৰ কিছুসংখ্যক বিষয়াই সদ্যপ্ৰয়াত ৰাণী জাংগিয়াঙৰ শুশ্ৰূষা কৰা সকলো ইউনিয়ো অৰ্থাৎ মহিলা নিৰাময়কাৰীক কঠোৰ শাস্তি প্ৰদান কৰিবলৈ ৰজা জাংজঙলৈ আৱেদন প্ৰেৰণ কৰে। এই ইউনিয়োসকলৰ ভিতৰত জাং-গাম আছিল অন্যতম।<ref>{{Cite web |title=조선왕조실록 (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty) 중종실록 (Annals of King Jungjong) 21권 (volume 21), 1515년 음력 3월 21일 (3rd lunar month 21st day) 1번째기사 (1st entry) |url=http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_11003021_001 |access-date=2021-09-05 |archivedate=2025-12-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207184702/https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_11003021_001 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> সিংহাসনৰ বৈধ উত্তৰাধিকাৰীৰ (ভৱিষ্যতৰ ৰজা ইনজং; ১০ মাৰ্চ) জন্মৰ পিছতেই প্ৰসৱোত্তৰ জটিলতাৰ ফলত ১৬ মাৰ্চৰ মাজনিশা ৰাণী জাংগিয়াঙৰ (জাংজঙৰ দ্বিতীয় পত্নী) মৃত্যু হয়।<ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_11003002_001 Ibid. 21권 (volume 21), 1515년 음력 3월 2일 (3rd lunar month 2nd day) 1번째기사 (1st entry)]</ref><ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_11002025_006 Ibid. 21권 (volume 21), 1515년 음력 2월 25일 (2nd lunar month 25th day) 6번째기사 (6th entry)]</ref> এয়া আছিল নথিত জাং-গামৰ নামৰ প্ৰথম উল্লেখ (০৪ এপ্ৰিল ১৫১৫)। উক্ত আৱেদন ৰজা জাংজঙে অস্বীকাৰ কৰি কৈছিল: "সুৰক্ষিত সন্তান জন্মত (ৰাণীৰ) পালন কৰা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে জাং-গাম এক বৃহৎ কৃতিত্বৰ যোগ্য আছিল, কিন্তু মই এতিয়ালৈকে তেওঁৰ কামৰ বাবে তেওঁক পুৰস্কৃত কৰা নাই, আন কাৰণৰ বাবে। এতিয়া আপোনালোকে (ৰাজসভাৰ বিষয়াসকলে) মোক তেওঁক শাস্তি দিবলৈ কৈছে কিয়নো ৰাণী লৰ মৃত্যু হৈছে, কিন্তু মই সেইটো নকৰোঁ‌ আৰু লগতে মই তেওঁক পুৰস্কৃতও নকৰোঁ‌।" (৫ এপ্ৰিল ১৫১৫)<ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_11003022_002 Ibid. 21권 (volume 21), 1515년 음력 3월 22일 (3rd lunar month 22nd day) 2번째기사 (2nd entry)]</ref> ৰাজমাও (ৰাণী জিয়ংহাইয়ন) ৰোগৰ পৰা আৰোগ্য হোৱাৰ পিছত জাংজঙে চিকিৎসা বিভাগৰ কৰ্মচাৰীসকলক পুৰস্কৃত কৰা বুলি নথিভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibid. 46권 (volume 46), 1522년 음력 9월 5일 (9th lunar month 5th day) 1번째기사 (1st entry) |url=http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_11709005_001 |access-date=2021-09-05 |archivedate=2019-01-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120201446/http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_11709005_001 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> জাং-গামক (লগতে সহকৰ্মী ইউনিয়ো এগৰাকীক) ১০ বস্তা চাউল আৰু ১০ বস্তা বীনেৰে পুৰস্কৃত কৰা হৈছিল। জাংজঙে এক অসুস্থতাৰ পিছত মন্তব্য কৰিছিল: "[...] অৱশ্যে, ডেই জাং-গাম আন যিকোনো ইউনিয়োতকৈ ভাল আছিল। ফলস্বৰূপে, তেওঁক ৰজাৰ চোৱাচিতা কৰিবলৈ অনুমতি দিয়া হৈছিল।" (৮ জানুৱাৰী ১৫২৫) <ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_11912015_002 Ibid. 52권 (volume 52), 1525년 음력 12월 15일 (12th lunar month 15th day) 2번째기사 (2nd entry)]</ref> নথিসমূহত জাং-গামৰ নামৰ সৈতে সংলগ্ন ''ডেই'' (মহান) উপাধি সংযোগ কৰা এইটোৱেই প্ৰথম উদাহৰণ আছিল (২৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৫২২)। জাংজঙে তেওঁৰ স্বাস্থ্যৰ অৱস্থা সম্পৰ্কে মন্তব্য কৰি এইদৰে কৈছিল: "মই কেইবামাহৰ ৰোগৰ পৰা আৰোগ্য লাভ কৰিছো। ৰাজকীয় চিকিৎসকসকল প্ৰশংসা আৰু পুৰস্কাৰৰ যোগ্য। [...] ইউনিয়ো ডেই জাং-গাম আৰু কাই-গাম প্ৰত্যেককে ১৫ বস্তা চাউল, ১৫ বস্তা বীন আৰু ১০ জাপ কাপোৰেৰে পুৰস্কৃত কৰা হ'ব।" (৬ মাৰ্চ ১৫৩৩) <ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_12802011_001 Ibid. 73권 (volume 73), 1533년 음력 2월 11일 (2nd lunar month 11th day) 1번째기사 (1st entry)]</ref> জাংজঙে এক আদেশ সম্পৰ্কে মন্তব্য কৰিছিল: "চৰ্দি হোৱাৰ পিছৰে পৰা মই দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি মোৰ দায়িত্ব পালন কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাই। কেইদিনমান আগতে, মই এখন শৈক্ষিক সভাত অংশ লৈছিলোঁ‌ (দৰ্শনৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰিবলৈ), কিন্তু ঠাণ্ডা বতৰে মোৰ অৱস্থা অধিক শোচনীয় কৰি তুলিছিল। মই ইতিমধ্যে ৰাজকীয় চিকিৎসক পাৰ্ক চে-জিঅ' আৰু হং চিম, লগতে ইউনিয়ো ডেই জাং-গাম, ইউন-বি, আৰু বাকীসকলক বিধানৰ বিষয়ে ভাৰপ্ৰাপ্ত চিকিৎসা বিষয়াৰ সৈতে আলোচনা কৰিবলৈ কৈছিলোঁ‌। [...]" (২১ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৫৪৪) <ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_13901029_001 Ibid. 101권 (volume 101), 1544년 음력 1월 29일 (1st lunar month 29th day) 1번째기사 (1st entry)]</ref> জাংজং পিছত তেওঁৰ চৰ্দি-জ্বৰৰ পৰা আৰোগ্য হৈছিল, আৰু ৰাজবৈদ্য আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ কৰ্মচাৰীসকলক পুৰস্কৃত কৰা বুলি নথিভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল (০২ মাৰ্চ ১৫৪৪)। <ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_13902009_001 Ibid. 102권 (volume 102), 1544년 음력 2월 9일 (2nd lunar month 9th day) 1번째기사 (1st entry)]</ref> ডেই জাং-গামক ৫ বস্তা চাউল আৰু বীনেৰে পুৰস্কৃত কৰা হৈছিল। জাংজঙৰ স্বাস্থ্যসম্পৰ্কে তেওঁলোকৰ অনুসন্ধানসন্দৰ্ভত ৰাজসভাৰ উচ্চ পদস্থ বিষয়া আৰু জাং-গামৰ মাজত হোৱা বাৰ্তালাপ নথিসমূহত লিপিবদ্ধ কৰা হয় (৯ নৱেম্বৰ ১৫৪৪))।<ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_13910025_003 Ibid. 105권 (volume 105), 1544년 음력 10월 25일 (10th lunar month 25th day) 3번째기사 (3rd entry)]</ref> জাংজঙে মন্তব্য কৰিছিল (কিছুমান আত্মীয়ই তেওঁৰ সুস্থতাৰ বাবে লিখিত বাৰ্তা প্ৰেৰণ কৰাৰ সন্দৰ্ভত): "মই এতিয়াও কোষ্ঠকাঠিন্যত ভুগি আছোঁ। কি বিধান প্ৰস্তুত কৰা উচিত সেয়া আলোচনাৰ মজিয়াত আছে। মহিলা চিকিৎসকে মোৰ অৱস্থাৰ বিষয়ে সকলো জানে," ইয়াত জাং-গামৰ উদ্ধৃতি সন্নিৱিষ্ট কৰা হৈছে (১০ নৱেম্বৰ ১৫৪৪)। <ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_13910026_001 Ibid. 105권 (volume 105), 1544년 음력 10월 26일 (10th lunar month 26th day) 1번째기사 (1st entry)]</ref> জাংজং আৰোগ্য হোৱা বুলি মন্ত্ৰীসকললৈ বাৰ্তা প্ৰেৰণ কৰা হৈছিল। তাৰ পিছত জাংজঙে উপস্থিত থকা সকলো চিকিৎসা বিষয়াক বন্ধৰ দিন প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। জাংজঙে উল্লেখ কৰিছিল যে জাং-গামে ৰাতিপুৱা তেওঁক সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল, আৰু তেওঁ জাং-গামক সকাহ অনুভৱ কৰাৰ কথা কৈছিল (১৩ নৱেম্বৰ ১৫৪৪)।<ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_13910029_001 Ibid. 105권 (volume 105), 1544년 음력 10월 29일 (10th lunar month 29th day) 1번째기사 (1st entry)]</ref> ইয়াৰে ১৬ দিনৰ পিছত (২৯ নৱেম্বৰ) জাংজঙৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref>[http://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kka_13911015_012 Ibid. 105권 (volume 105), 1544년 음력 11월 15일 (11th lunar month 15h day) 12번째기사 (12th entry)]</ref> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ এক দূৰদৰ্শন শৃংখলা হিচাপে জাং-গামৰ জীৱনীভিত্তিক ''ডেই জাং গাম'' নামৰ এক শৃংখলা ২০০৩ চনৰ পৰা ২০০৪ চনৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰচাৰিত হয়। এই শৃংখলাক জুৱেল ইন দ্য পেলেচ বুলিও জনা যায়। লি বায়ুং-হুনৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত এই দূৰদৰ্শন শৃংখলাটো প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এমবিচিত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ প্ৰতি দৰ্শকৰ গড় ৰেটিং আছিল ৪৫.৮% আৰু সৰ্বাধিক ৰেটিং আছিল ৫৭.১%।<ref>{{Cite web|last1=기자i사진|first1=글장회정|last2=포토뱅크|first2=제공경향신문|last3=스토리온|title=가장 기다려지는 여배우 이영애, '대장금 2'로 컴백 임박?|url=http://lady.khan.co.kr/khlady.html?mode=view&code=5&artid=201112291435361&pt=nv|access-date=2021-04-02|website=lady.khan.co.kr}}</ref> ই সৰ্বকালৰ দশম সৰ্বাধিক মূল্যাঙ্কন কৰা কোৰিয়ান নাটক হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়। এই শৃংখলাটো পিছত বিশ্বৰ ৯১খন দেশত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|last=Hua|first=Vanessa|title=Japanese soaps cleaning up|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/GH31Dg01.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028231107/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/GH31Dg01.html|url-status=unfit|archive-date=October 28, 2005|work=Asia Times|date=August 31, 2005|access-date=September 5, 2021|archivedate=March 24, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324111645/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/GH31Dg01.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> শৃংখলাটোৰ নাম ভূমিকাত আছিল লী য়াং-এই। ''দ্য ফিউজিটিভ অৱ জোছন'' (হেভেনছ অৰ্ডাৰ: দ্য ষ্টৰী অৱ দ্য ফিউজিটিভ ফ্ৰম জোছন) নামৰ ২০১৩ চনত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ আন এক দূৰদৰ্শন শৃংখলাটো ডেই-জাং-গামৰ চৰিত্ৰক উপস্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল। ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist|3}} [[শ্ৰেণী:চিকিৎসাবিদ]] 9wbtu4imvs2d6izy9g3otmjg0mema4z 0 75012 608722 576703 2026-05-25T19:31:41Z JyotiPN 22102 608722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inadequate lead}} {{infobox writer | name = শ্ৰীধৰ কন্দলি | image = | imagesize = 200px | alt = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | Parents_name = | birth_date = ১৬০০ | birth_place = [[অসম]] | death_date = ১৭০০ | death_place = | occupation = | nationality = [[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]] | ethnicity = | citizenship = ভাৰতীয় | language = [[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]] | education = | alma_mater = | period = | genre = | subject = | movement = | notableworks = | notableworks = কাণখোৱা | partner = | children = | relatives = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = }} '''শ্ৰীধৰ কন্দলি''' ({{lang-en|Shridhar kandali}})মধ্যযুগৰ এগৰাকী বিশিষ্ট অসমীয়া কবি আৰু বৈষ্ণৱ সাহিত্যৰ লেখক। তেওঁ মুখ্যতঃ মহাপুৰুষ শ্ৰীমন্ত শংকৰদেৱৰ সমসাময়িক আৰু তেওঁৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰভাৱিত আছিল। তেওঁক ১৫ শতিকাৰ শেষভাগৰ পৰা ১৬ শতিকাৰ মাজভাগলৈকে (শ্ৰীমন্ত শংকৰদেৱৰ জীৱনকালৰ সময়ছোৱাত) সক্ৰিয় আছিল বুলি ধৰা হয়। তেওঁৰ ৰচনা 'ঘুনুচা কীৰ্ত্তন' শংকৰদেৱৰ 'কীৰ্তন ঘোষা'ত সন্নিৱিষ্ট কৰা হৈছিল। শংকৰদেৱৰ জীৱনকাল (১৪৪৯-১৫৬৮) ১৫শ আৰু ১৬শ শতিকাৰ মাজত আছিল। সেয়েহে,তেওঁ ১৭ শতিকাৰ কবি হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা কম। তেওঁ মুখ্যতঃ শংকৰদেৱৰ সময়ৰ বা তাৰ পাছৰ অতি নিকটৱৰ্তী কবি। ==ৰচনাৰাজি== শ্ৰীধৰ কন্দলিৰ দুখন গ্ৰন্থ হৈছে 'কাণখোৱা' আৰু [[কীৰ্তন-ঘোষা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত 'ঘুনুচা-কীৰ্তন'। মহাভাৰতৰ “অশ্বমেধ পৰ্ব’’ও তেওঁ অসমীয়ালৈ অনুবাদ কৰিছিল৷ তদুপৰি “কানাই ধেমেলীয়া’’ নামৰ এখন হাস্য-ৰসাত্মক পুথিৰ ৰচক বুলিও জনা যায়৷<ref name="ক">{{cite book | title=অসমীয়া জীৱনী অভিধান | publisher=বনলতা | author=বৰ্মন, শিৱনাথ | year=২০১৮ | pages=২৪৮ | isbn=978-81-7339-428-7}}</ref> কাণখোৱাৰ বিষয়বস্তু শিশু কৃষ্ণ আৰু তেওঁক নিচুকাবলৈ মাতৃ যশোদাই কৰা কাৰ্য৷ নিচুকণি গীতৰ আৰ্হিত বিষ্ণুৰ অৱতাৰৰ লীলা-মাহাত্ম্য সৰল প্ৰাঞ্জল আৰু অভিনৱ ৰূপত কবিয়ে 'কাণখোৱা'ত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref name="ন">{{cite book | title=অসমীয়া সাহিত্যৰ সমীক্ষাত্মক ইতিবৃত্ত | author=শৰ্মা, ড° সত্যেন্দ্ৰনাথ (সম্পা:) | year=২০১৮ | pages=১৫৭}}</ref> ঘুনুচা কীৰ্তনৰ বিষয়বস্তু, কৃষ্ণৰ ইন্দ্ৰদ্যুম্নৰ পত্নী গুণ্ডিচাৰ(ঘুনুচা)ঘৰলৈ যাত্ৰা আৰু সেই কথাত ৰুক্মিণীৰ ঈৰ্ষা আৰু কৃষ্ণৰ ওপৰত খং আৰু অভিমান৷ 'ঘুনুচা-কীৰ্তন'ৰ কাহিনী 'স্কন্দপুৰাণ'ৰ উৎকলখণ্ডৰ কাহিনীৰ আলম লৈ ৰচনা কৰিছে।<ref name="ন"/> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া সাহিত্যিক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] 4t7ovvmtig6f7vcsnfvv7px1qxqihd2 0 78613 608807 604839 2026-05-26T08:31:16Z CommonsDelinker 118 Removing [[:c:File:Mason_marks_Charaideo_Deoshal.jpg|Mason_marks_Charaideo_Deoshal.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Túrelio|Túrelio]] because: Non-free image uploaded by mistake. 608807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''দেওশাল''' ([[আহোম ভাষা]]:চাও চেং ৰ'ন) এক প্ৰাগ-আহোম যুগৰ উপাসনাস্থলী। ১২৫৩ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত বৰাহী ৰজা থাকুমথাৰ উপদেশত চাওলুং [[চুকাফা|চুকাফাই]] চৰাইদেউৰ এই অঞ্চলকে প্ৰথম স্থায়ী ৰাজধানী হিচাপে পাতি লয় আৰু এই দেওশালত পূজা কৰিব লয়।‌ সময়ত এই শালখন [[আহোম জনগোষ্ঠী|আহোম]]সকলৰ এক উপাসনাস্থলী হিচাপে চিহ্নিত হয়। [[চৰাইদেউ জিলা]]ৰ দ'ল বাগান অঞ্চলত এই কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন অৱস্থিত। দেওশালত বৰ্তমানেও আহোম সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ লোকসকলে পৰম্পৰাগত ৰীতি-নীতিৰে বিভিন্ন পূজা-পাতল কৰি আহিছে। == ইতিহাস== ===প্ৰাগ-আহোম যুগ=== আহোম সকলৰ আগমনৰ আগতে এই শাল‌খন স্থানীয় বৰাহী-মৰাণ আৰু চুতীয়া সকলৰ উপাসনা স্থল আছিল। সাতসৰী বুৰঞ্জীত উল্লেখ কৰা অনুসৰি সেই অঞ্চলৰ বৰাহী-মৰাণৰ ৰজা থামিথুমাই চুকাফাক জনাইছিল যে চৰাইদেউ পাহাৰত সিহঁতৰ কোনোবা বৰৰজা এজনৰ দেওঘৰ আছিল য'ত থাকিবলৈ অনুকূল আছিল।<ref>Bhuyan, S.K, "Satsari Assam Buranji", p.6</ref> সেই উপদেশ অনুসৰিয়ে চুকাফাই চৰাইদেউত নগৰ পাতি দেওঘৰ খনত পূজা কৰিবলৈ লয়। {{multiple image | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 450 | image1 = Mason marks Tamreswari temple.jpg | image2 = | footer = তাম্ৰেশ্বৰী শাল (left) আৰু দেউশালৰ (right) খনিকৰ চিহ্ন }} ===আহোম যুগ=== চুকাফাৰ অসম আগমনৰ সময়ত [[দিখৌ নদী]]আৰু [[দিহিং নদী|দিহিং নদীৰ]] মাজ অংশত বৰাহীৰ লগতে চুতীয়াসকলো সিঁচৰিত হৈ আছিল। চুকাফাই ১২২৮ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত অসমত প্ৰৱেশ কৰি বিভিন্ন অঞ্চল জয় কৰাৰ লগতে বৰাহী ৰজা থাকুমথাক আৰু মৰাণ/মটক ৰজা বদৌচাক মিত্ৰভাৱে বশ কৰি বৰাহী-মৰাণৰ কুঁৱৰী চাৰিগৰাকীৰ লগত বিয়া কৰি মিত্ৰতা স্থাপন কৰি ১২৫৩ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত চৰাইদেউত স্থায়ী ৰাজধানী পাতে। নতুন ৰজাক উপহাৰ স্বৰূপে বৰাহী ৰজাই এই চৰাইদেউ পাহাৰত থকা তেওঁলোকৰ উপাসনা স্থলী "দেওঘৰত"টো অৰ্পণ কৰে। চুকাফাই দেওঘৰ থকা স্থানতে আহোম পুৰোহিতৰ হতুৱাই মাংগলিক অনুষ্ঠান সম্পন্ন কৰি "দেওশাল"স্থাপন কৰে। দেওশালৰ পূজা নিয়মিত ভাৱে পৰিচালিত কৰিবৰ বাবে চুকাফাই কিছুমান বিষয় পদৰো সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল। যেনে- দেওধাই বৰুৱা, দেওধাই ফুকন, বাইলুং ফুকন ইত্যাদি। সময় সলনি হোৱাৰ লগে লগে চৰাইদেউ ওচৰত জনবসতি বৃদ্ধি হৈ অহাৰ লগতে অন্যান্য ৰাজকীয় কাৰণত স্বৰ্গদেউ সকলৰ আদেশানুসাৰে মহামন্ত্ৰী পূৰ্ণানন্দ বুঢ়াগোহাঁঞিয়ে (এওঁ [[গৌৰীনাথ সিংহ|গৌৰী]] নাথ সিংহ (১৭৮০-১৭৯৫), [[চুক্লিংফা|কমলেশ্বৰ]] সিংহ(১৭৯৫-১৮১০), [[চুদিংফা|চন্দ্ৰকান্ত]] সিংহ(১৮১০-১৮১৭) খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত) দিনত মন্ত্ৰী আছিল) দেওশালত স্থান পৰিবৰ্তনৰ বাবে আলোচনা কৰি ৰজা প্ৰজা সকলোৰে সন্মতিক্ৰমে লাকুৱা লৈ স্থানান্তৰিত কৰে (আমলখি দেওশাল ৰূপে খ্যাত)। অৱশ্যে চৰাইদেউ দেওশাল ৰজাসকলৰ বাবে সংৰক্ষিত অৱস্থাতে আছিল।<ref name="ইতিহাসে">{{cite book | title=ইতিহাসে সোঁৱৰা ছশটা বছৰ | publisher=নলতা | author=সম্পাদক: সৰ্বানন্দ ৰাজকুমাৰ}}</ref> ==পূজা-পাতল== আহোমসকলৰ দেওশালত আহোমসকলৰ ধৰ্মীয় সভা বা শক্তিসমূহৰ উপৰিও থলুৱা সকলো জনগোষ্ঠী আৰু হিন্দুৰ দেৱ-দেৱীৰ পূজা কৰা হৈছিল। দেওশালত সম্পাদন হোৱা বিভিন্ন অনুষ্ঠান বা পূজা, যেনে বিকখন, ওমফা, মে-ডাম-মে-ফী আদি পূজাত গৰু, ম'হ, গাহৰি, হাঁহ, পাৰ, কুকুৰা আদি জীৱ জন্তু বলি দিয়া হয়। আহোম পৰম্পৰাত বলি দিবৰ বাবে ‘বলিমৰা’ খেল আছিল। তাই আহোম পৰম্পৰাত দেও পূজাৰ বাবে উদ্‌গা কৰা হাঁহ কুকুৰা আদি মন্ত্ৰপূত কৰি মুচৰি অথবা টঙনিয়াই মৰাৰ প্ৰথাহে আজিও প্ৰচলন হৈ আছে।<ref name="কাশীনাথ">{{cite book | title=আসাম বুৰঞ্জী | author=কাশীনাথ তামূলী}}</ref><ref name="প্ৰান্তিক">{{cite book | title='''প্ৰবন্ধৰ নাম''' | publisher=প্ৰান্তিক | author=পৰানন কোঁ‌ৱৰ | year=জুন ২০২০}}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ধৰ্মীয় স্থান]] hg8v5pm81mhwecxv8wnixhv0x72zkfv 0 85697 608863 584168 2026-05-26T11:55:59Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608863 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Atp_womens_empowerment.JPG|thumb|তামিলনাডুৰ চেলেমত আঠী থামিলাৰ পেৰাভাই মহিলা সৱলীকৰণ সন্মিলন, ২০০৯। |alt=তামিলনাডুৰ চেলেমত আঠী থামিলাৰ পেৰাভাই মহিলা সৱলীকৰণ সন্মিলন, ২০০৯|300x300px]] '''দলিত নাৰীবাদ''' ({{lang-en|Dalit Feminism}}) হৈছে এক নাৰীবাদী দৃষ্টিভংগী; যিয়ে দলিত জনসমষ্টি, নাৰীবাদ তথা বৃহত্তৰ নাৰী আন্দোলনৰ মাজত থকা জাতি তথা লিংগৰ ভূমিকাক লৈ প্ৰশ্ন উত্থাপন কৰে। দলিত মহিলাসকল মূলতঃ দক্ষিণ [[এছিয়া]]ত, [[বাংলাদেশ]], [[ভাৰত]], [[নেপাল]] আৰু [[পাকিস্তান]]ত বাস কৰে। দলিত নাৰীবাদীসকলে লিংগ, জাতি আৰু অন্যান্য বিষয়ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি দলিত নাৰীসকলৰ সমঅধিকাৰৰ পোষকতা কৰে। তেওঁলোকে সন্মিলনত ভাষণ দি সংগঠন গঠন কৰি আন দলিত মহিলাসকলক ৰাজনৈতিক পদবীলৈ নিৰ্বাচিত কৰাত সহায় কৰিছে। ==পৃষ্ঠভূমি== দলিত মহিলাসকল প্ৰান্তীয় লোকৰ এটা গোটৰ অংশ যিয়ে ভাৰতত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে অনুসূচিত জাতি বুলি জনাজাত জাতিসমূহৰ অংশ গঠন কৰে৷ যদিও নেপাল, পাকিস্তান, বাংলাদেশ আৰু শ্ৰীলংকাতো দলিত মহিলা আছে।{{Sfn|Mehta|2017|p=231}}{{Sfn|Haijer|2007|p=13}} নেপালত জনসংখ্যাৰ ১৩.২% দলিত মহিলা।{{Sfn|FEDO|2017|p=2}} ১৯৯৮ চনৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি পাকিস্তানৰ অধিকাংশ দলিত মহিলাই পঞ্জাৱ অঞ্চলত বাস কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idsn.org/key-issues/dalit-women/dalit-women-in-pakistan/|title=Dalit women in Pakistan|website=International Dalit Solidarity Network|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref> সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে দলিত মহিলাসকল বিশ্বৰ ২% আৰু তেওঁলোকে বিশ্বৰ "সৰ্বাধিক সামাজিকভাৱে পৃথক" লোকৰ গোট গঠন কৰিছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rightlivelihoodaward.org/fileadmin/Files/PDF/Literature_Recipients/Manorama/Background_Manorama.pdf|title=Background Information on Dalit Women in India|last=Manorama|first=Ruth|website=Right Livelihood Award|access-date=12 August 2018|archivedate=24 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224153640/http://www.rightlivelihoodaward.org/fileadmin/Files/PDF/Literature_Recipients/Manorama/Background_Manorama.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref>দলিত মহিলাসকলৰো দৰিদ্ৰতাত জীয়াই থকাৰ প্ৰৱণতা আছে৷ তেওঁলোক বহুতেই নিৰক্ষৰ।{{Sfn|Haijer|2007|p=6}}<ref name=":6">{{Cite news|url=https://newint.org/columns/makingwaves/2010/05/01/durga-sob-nepal-dalit-feminist|title=Durga Sob: Nepal's trailblazing Dalit feminist|date=2010-05-01|work=New Internationalist|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en}}</ref> দলিত মহিলাসকলে কেৱল শোষক পুৰুষৰ পৰাই নহয়, আন দলিত পুৰুষৰ পৰাও অত্যাচাৰৰ সন্মুখীন হয়।<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/dalit-women-are-talking-about-their-identity|title=Indian Feminism Excludes Dalit Women, But the Tide is Turning|last=Rattanpal|first=Divyani|date=8 July 2015|work=The Quint|access-date=2018-08-12|language=en}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি দলিত গোটসমূহৰ মাজত এটা স্তৰ আছে৷ কিছুমান দলিত আন কিছুমানতকৈ সামাজিকভাৱে উচ্চ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://womennewsnetwork.net/2012/05/15/india-magida-dalit-woman-hero/|title=INDIA: Magida dalit woman hero moves beyond caste and 'untouchability'|date=2012-05-15|work=Woman News Network (WNN)|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701173225/https://womennewsnetwork.net/2012/05/15/india-magida-dalit-woman-hero/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> কিছুমান বিশেষ ধৰণৰ বলপূৰ্বক বেশ্যাবৃত্তি যেনে:দেৱদাসী বা যোগিনী ব্যৱস্থা বিশেষভাৱে দলিত মহিলাৰ বাবে সংৰক্ষিত।{{Sfn|Haijer|2007|p=7}}ইয়াৰ উপৰি হিংসাৰ বলি হোৱা দলিত আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালে প্ৰায়ে নিজৰ অধিকাৰ নাজানে বা তেওঁলোকৰ অধিকাৰৰ বিষয়ে অৱগত নহয়।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/22/dalit-womens-collective-presents-report-on-caste-based-violence-against-women-at-unhrc-1831935.html|title=Dalit women's collective presents report on caste-based violence against women at UNHRC|date=22 June 2018|work=The New Indian Express|access-date=2018-08-13}}</ref>দলিত মহিলাই হিংসাত্মক আক্ৰমণৰ খবৰ দিলে আৰক্ষীয়ে দেখা দিব পাৰে, কিন্তু অপৰাধীক দায়ী কৰিবলৈ তদন্ত বা ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ নকৰিবও পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thewire.in/politics/bundelkhands-dalit-women-rally-against-government-negligence|title=Bundelkhand's Dalit Women Rally Against Government Negligence|last=Dixit|first=Neha|date=15 February 2017|website=The Wire|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref> ইংৰাজী অধ্যয়ন আন্তৰ্জাতিক গৱেষণা জাৰ্নেলত লিখা কিৰণ কুমাৰ বড্ডু আৰু শিৱ নগয়া বল্লেড্ডুৰ মতে দলিত মহিলাৰ ওপৰত চলা যৌন হিংসাক "নিপীড়নৰ নিয়মীয়া পৰিঘটনা" বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়।{{Sfn|Boddu|Bolleddu|2016|p=49}}দলিত মহিলাৰ নিম্ন বৰ্ণৰ মৰ্যাদাৰ বাবে উচ্চ জাতিৰ দ্বাৰা ঘটিত হোৱা দলিত যৌনতাক দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি "বিচ্যুত হিচাপে গঢ়ি তোলা" হৈ আহিছে।{{Sfn|Gupta|2011|p=14}} তেওঁলোকৰ শৰীৰক ব্ৰিটিছ উপনিবেশিকসকলে "যৌনভাৱে উপলব্ধ" বুলি গণ্য কৰিছিল।{{Sfn|Gupta|2011|p=23}} নেপালত ২০১৩ চনত সম্পন্ন হোৱা এক অধ্যয়নত দেখা গৈছে যে ৫০.৬% দলিত মহিলাই শাৰীৰিক আৰু যৌন নিৰ্যাতনকে ধৰি দৈনিক ধৰণৰ হিংসাৰ সন্মুখীন হয়।{{Sfn|FEDO|2017|p=2-3}}ইয়াৰ উপৰি বহুতো নেপালী দলিত মহিলাই ছৌপদী প্ৰথা মানি চলিব লাগিব।{{Sfn|FEDO|2017|p=3}} পাকিস্তানত দলিত মহিলাসকলে অপহৰণ আৰু বলপূৰ্বক ইছলাম ধৰ্মান্তৰকৰণ সন্মুখীন হয়।{{Sfn|PDSN|2013|p=3}} ==ভাৰতত== [[File:Dr._Babasaheb_Ambedkar_with_Women_delegates_of_the_Scheduled_Caste_Federation_during_the_Conference_of_the_Federation_on_July_8,_1942_at_Nagpur..jpg|thumb|১৯৪২ চনৰ ৮ জুলাইত নাগপুৰত ফেডাৰেচনৰ সন্মিলনৰ সময়ত অনুসূচিত জাতি ফেডাৰেচনৰ মহিলা প্ৰতিনিধিৰ সৈতে ড° বাবাছাহেব আম্বেদকাৰ। ]] ১৯২০ চনত দলিত মহিলাসকলে জাতি বিৰোধী আৰু অস্পৃশ্যতা বিৰোধী আন্দোলনত সক্ৰিয়ভাৱে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=":4" /> ১৯৩০ চনত দলিত মহিলাসকল অব্ৰাহ্মণ আন্দোলনৰ সৈতে জড়িত আছিল।{{Sfn|Rege|1998|p=WS-41}} এই প্ৰাৰম্ভিক সংগঠনসমূহে বাল্যবিবাহ, যৌতুক আৰু বিধৱা-সম্পৰ্কীয় সামাজিক বিষয়ৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰস্তাৱ গৃহীত কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।{{Sfn|Rege|1998|p=WS-42}} ১৯৪২ চনত নাগপুৰত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সৰ্বভাৰতীয় বিষণ্ণ শ্ৰেণীৰ মহিলা সন্মিলনত ২৫,০০০ দলিত মহিলাই অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2015may24/1432488896.html|title=Prof Vimal Thorat delivers lecture on Dalit feminist writing at MIT|last=Kumar|first=Umang|date=24 May 2015|website=TwoCircles.net|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-12|archivedate=2019-07-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701181807/http://twocircles.net/2015may24/1432488896.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> সন্মিলনৰ সভাপতি চুলোচানাবাই ডংগ্ৰে জন্ম নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ পোষকতা কৰিছিল। সন্মিলনৰ সময়ত এনে প্ৰস্তাৱ গৃহীত কৰা হয় য'ত মহিলাৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদৰ অধিকাৰৰ পোষকতা কৰা হয়। বহুবিবাহৰ নিন্দা, শ্ৰমৰ অৱস্থা উন্নীতকৰণ, ৰাজনীতিত মহিলাৰ জড়িতকৰণ আৰু নিম্ন শ্ৰেণীৰ মহিলাসকলৰ উন্নত শিক্ষাৰ ব্যৱস্থাকে ধৰি দিশসমূহক অগ্ৰাধিকাৰ দিয়া হয়।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://velivada.com/2017/03/24/forgotten-lessons-the-all-india-depressed-classes-womens-conference-nagpur-1942/|title=Forgotten Lessons – The All India Depressed Classes Women's Conference, Nagpur, 1942|date=24 March 2017|website=Velivada|access-date=2018-08-12|archivedate=2018-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802221150/http://velivada.com/2017/03/24/forgotten-lessons-the-all-india-depressed-classes-womens-conference-nagpur-1942/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> ১৯৭০ আৰু ৮০ৰ দশকৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ সামাজিক আন্দোলনসমূহতো দলিত মহিলাসকল জড়িত আছিল।{{Sfn|Rege|1998|p=WS-42}} ১৯৭০ চনত দলিত মহিলাৰ জীৱন আৰু অভিজ্ঞতাৰ আত্মজীৱনী প্ৰকাশ পাবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে।<ref name=":1" /> এই মহিলাসকলৰ বহুতেই বাবাছাহেব আম্বেদকাৰৰপৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈছিল।{{Sfn|Rege|1998|p=WS-39}} ১৯৮০ আৰু ১৯৯০ চনৰ ভিতৰত ভাৰতত মূলসুঁতিৰ নাৰীবাদী চিন্তাধাৰাই জাতিক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি গঢ় লৈ উঠা বিষয়সমূহক স্বীকৃতি দিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে।{{Sfn|Mehta|2017|p=238}} ==নেপাল== [[নেপাল]]ৰ দলিত মহিলাসকলে ভাৰতৰ দলিত মহিলাসকলৰ দৰেই বহুতো সমস্যাৰ সম্মুখীন হয়।<ref name=":6" /> ১৯৯০ চনৰ পিছৰ সমগ্ৰ নেপাল সময়ছোৱাত মহিলাগৰাকীৰ আন্দোলন অশান্ত ৰাজনীতিৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰভাবিত হৈছিল।{{Sfn|Tamang|2009|p=62}} এগৰাকী নেপালী নাৰীবাদী [[দুৰ্গা চোব|দুৰ্গা চোবে]] ১৯৯৪ চনত নাৰীবাদী দলিত সংগঠন (FEDO) গঠন কৰে।<ref name=":6" /> ২০১০ চনলৈকে FEDO ৰ সদস্য আছিল প্ৰায় ৪০,০০০ আৰু ই দলিত শিশুক স্কুললৈ পঠিয়াবলৈ আৰু প্ৰাপ্তবয়স্কসকলৰ বাবে প্ৰশিক্ষণ আৰু শ্ৰেণী প্ৰদানৰ কাম কৰিছিল।<ref name=":6" /> মহিলা ৰাজনৈতিক দলসমূহে প্ৰান্তীয়কৰণ কৰিলেও নেপালত মহিলাৰ অধিকাৰৰ বিষয়সমূহক আগুৱাই নিবলৈ সহায় কৰিছে।{{Sfn|Tamang|2009|p=68}} কিন্তু এই দলসমূহত উচ্চবৰ্ণৰ মহিলাৰ আধিপত্য থাকে।{{Sfn|Tamang|2009|p=69}} নিম্নবৰ্ণৰ মহিলাসকলে দলটোৰ এই প্ৰচেষ্টাক সমালোচনা কৰি আঙুলিয়াই দিছে যে সকলো নেপালী মহিলাই একে সমস্যাৰ সম্মুখীন নহয়।{{Sfn|Tamang|2009|p=69}} নেপালৰ দলিত মহিলাসকলক ৰাজনীতিৰ সৈতে অধিক জড়িত হোৱাত সহায় কৰাত ফেডো জড়িত হৈ আছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dalitnation.com/2015/04/13/fedo-feminist-dalit-organization/|title=FEDO: Feminist Dalit Organization|date=2015-04-13|work=Dalit Nation|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924191429/https://dalitnation.com/2015/04/13/fedo-feminist-dalit-organization/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2018-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924191429/https://dalitnation.com/2015/04/13/fedo-feminist-dalit-organization/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত FEDOদ্বাৰা আয়োজিত আৰু কাঠমাণ্ডুত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা এখন সন্মিলনত শ শ দলিত মহিলাই অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ বক্তাসকলক অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰে, যেনে দলিত অধিকাৰৰ আৱাসী সমন্বয়ক জিয়াদ শ্বেখ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://idsn.org/hundreds-of-dalit-women-gather-at-conference-in-nepal/|title=Hundreds of Dalit women gather at conference in Nepal|date=18 December 2014|website=International Dalit Solidarity Network|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-26}}</ref> ==পাকিস্তান== পাকিস্তানৰ দলিত মহিলাসকল জাতিগত সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হোৱাটো কম, কিন্তু যিহেতু বেছিভাগেই দেশখনৰ সংখ্যালঘু ধৰ্মৰ অংশ, সেয়েহে তেওঁলোকৰ ধৰ্মীয় পটভূমিৰ বাবে নিৰ্যাতন চলোৱা হয়।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://countercurrents.org/2018/07/29/dalit-women-struggles-in-pakistan/|title=Dalit women struggle in Pakistan|last=Babu|first=Sheshu|date=2018-07-29|work=Countercurrents|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-US}}</ref> কিন্তু ইয়াৰ অৰ্থ এইটো নহয় যে এতিয়াও জাতিভিত্তিক বৈষম্য নাই।{{Sfn|PDSN|2013|p=2}} পাকিস্তানৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী দলিত মহিলা চিনেটৰ [[কৃষ্ণ কুমাৰী কোহলী]] ২০১৮ চনত নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-politics-women/pakistans-first-dalit-woman-senator-to-champion-girls-education-idUSKCN1GJ1UY|title=Pakistan's first Dalit woman senator to champion girls' education|last=Ebrahim|first=Zofeen|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-08-26|language=en-US}}</ref> ==বৰ্তমান== বৰ্তমান সময়ত [[ৰুথ মনোৰমা]]ৰ দৰে কৰ্মীয়ে দলিত মহিলাসকলক সবলীকৰণৰ বাবে আইনী আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থাৰ ওপৰত কাম কৰে।<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/lsquoDalit-women-should-be-grouped-separatelyrsquo/article16882891.ece|title=Dalit women should be grouped separately|date=2009-09-22|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-08-12|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> অনুসূচিত জাতি আৰু অনুসূচিত জনজাতিৰ মহিলাসকলক সুৰক্ষা প্ৰদানৰ বাবে নিৰ্ধাৰিত আইনসমূহ কেনেকৈ দুৰ্বলভাৱে কাৰ্যকৰী কৰা হয় সেই বিষয়ে মনোৰমাই মাত মাতিছে।<ref name=":0" /> প্ৰায়ে দলিত মহিলাসকলে দাখিল কৰা অভিযোগ আৰু প্ৰতিৱেদনক আওকাণ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/11/23/interview-anju-singh-aidmam/|title=Interview With Anju Singh From AIDMAM|last=Banerji|first=Mahika|date=2017-11-23|work=Feminism In India|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি [[সৰ্বভাৰতীয় দলিত মহিলা অধিকাৰ মঞ্চ]] (AIDMAM)ৰ আশা কৌটালে কয় যে ভাৰতে "জাতি সম্পৰ্কীয় যিকোনো আলোচনাক শিলৰ প্ৰাচীৰেৰে ঢাকি ৰাখিছে।"<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/dalit-womens-rights-activists-to-present-accounts-of-caste-violence-at-unhrc-5223007/|title=Dalit women's rights activists to present accounts of caste violence at UNHRC|last=Nair|first=Shalini|date=2018-06-19|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref> [[ক্ৰান্তিজ্যোতি সাবিত্ৰীবাই ফুলে মহিলা অধ্যয়ন কেন্দ্ৰ]] (KSPWSC)ৰ সৈতে সংগতি ৰাখি AIDMAM এ ২০১৭ চনত "দলিত মহিলাসকলে কথা কয়" নামৰ এখন সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত কৰে য'ত প্ৰায় ৪৫০ জন প্ৰতিনিধি আৰু অংশগ্ৰহণকাৰীয়ে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://feminisminindia.com/2017/12/27/dalit-women-speak-out-conference/|title=Dalit Women Speak Out, And How! - Not Just A Conference, But A Celebration|date=2017-12-27|work=Feminism In India|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ মানৱ অধিকাৰ পৰিষদৰ ৩৮সংখ্যক অধিৱেশনত এইডমেমে লিংগ আৰু জাতিভিত্তিক হিংসাৰ সাক্ষ্য দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/dalit-women-s-group-bats-for-rights-at-united-nations-forum/story-HkAmMbvna4sB6M78NMv3CI.html|title=Dalit women's group bats for rights at United Nations forum|last=Ratnam|first=Dhamini|date=2018-06-22|work=Hindustan Times|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en}}</ref> ভইচছ এগেইনষ্ট কেষ্ট ইম্পুনিটি: নেৰেটিভছ অৱ দলিত উইমেন ইন ইণ্ডিয়া নামৰ এই প্ৰতিৱেদনখন ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সম্মুখত উপস্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/article/883455/fighting-indias-official-denial-report-on-caste-based-violence-against-women-presented-at-geneva|title=Fighting India's official denial, report on caste-based violence against women presented at Geneva|last=Chari|first=Mridula|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2018-08-13|language=en-US}}</ref> ==সাহিত্য== দলিত মহিলাৰ লেখাই নাৰীবাদী সাহিত্যলৈ জাতি পৰিচয়ৰ বিষয়সমূহ আনে।{{Sfn|Zare|Mohammed|2013|p=78}} একেদৰে দলিত পুৰুষৰ লেখাত দলিত মহিলাৰ অভিজ্ঞতাৰ বৈধ চিত্ৰণ উপেক্ষা কৰা হৈছে।{{cn}} দলিত সাহিত্যৰ ইংৰাজীলৈ অনুবাদ বহুলাংশে দলিত অভিজ্ঞতাৰ বাহিৰৰ ব্যক্তিয়ে কৰিছে আৰু লেখিকা আৰু অনুবাদক [[মীনা কান্দাচামি]]য়ে ইয়াক সমস্যা হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰিছে, কিয়নো ভাষাৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সূক্ষ্মতাসমূহ প্ৰায়ে উপেক্ষা কৰা হয়।{{Sfn|Venkatesan|James|2018|p=146}} কান্দচামিয়ে এইটোও আলোচনা কৰিছে যে যিহেতু এই গ্ৰন্থসমূহৰ বহুতেই ৰাজনীতিৰ সৈতে জড়িত, সেয়েহে ইয়াক কেনেকৈ প্ৰকৃত সাহিত্য হিচাপে দেখা নাযায়।{{Sfn|Venkatesan|James|2018|p=147}} তেলেগু ভাষাৰ দলিত সাহিত্যৰ বিশিষ্ট মহিলা লেখিকাসকলৰ ভিতৰত আছে চাল্লাপল্লী স্বৰূপা ৰাণী, [[জুপকা সুভদ্ৰা]], [[জাজুলা গৌৰী]], [[স্বাতী মাৰ্গাৰেট]] আৰু [[গগু শ্যামলা]]।{{Sfn|Boddu|Bolleddu|2016|p=48}} এই লেখকসকলে মূলতঃ কবিতা, চুটিগল্প, ৰচনা আৰু বহুতো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি তেওঁলোকে সন্মুখীন হোৱা অত্যাচাৰৰ আন্তঃবিভাজন ৰূপক প্ৰত্যাহ্বান জনাইছে।{{Sfn|Jyothirmai|Ramesh|2017|p=143-144}} দলিত মহিলাৰ সাহিত্যই প্ৰকাশ কৰে যে জাতি আৰু লিংগৰ ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ সংযুক্ত আৰু দলিত মহিলাসকলৰ বাবে বিশেষ অসুবিধাৰ ফলত উচ্চ বৰ্ণৰ মহিলা আৰু দলিত পুৰুষৰপৰা পৃথক অত্যাচাৰৰ অভিজ্ঞতাৰ সৃষ্টি হয়।<ref name="ab">{{Cite journal|last=Pan|first=Anandita|date=2018-01-17|title=Dalit Women in Mutation: The Birth of a New Social Organism|journal=Contemporary Voice of Dalit|language=en-US|volume=10|issue=1|pages=67–76|doi=10.1177/2455328x17745171|issn=2455-328X|doi-access=free}}</ref> দলিত মহিলাৰ আত্মজীৱনী, যেনে বেবী কেম্বলেৰ দ্য প্ৰিজনছ উই ব্ৰ’ক (২০০৮)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kāmbale, Bebī, author.|title=The prisons we broke|year=2018|publisher=Orient BlackSwan |isbn=978-93-5287-370-8|oclc=1144948602}}</ref> আৰু পি.শিৱকামীৰ “দ্য গ্ৰিপ অফ চেঞ্জ’’ক<ref>{{Cite book|last=Civakāmi.|title=The grip of change : and, Author's notes|date=2006|publisher=Orient Longman|isbn=81-250-3020-4|location=Hyderabad|oclc=76799274}}</ref>উচ্চ বৰ্ণৰ লোকে দলিত মহিলাক শোষণ কৰাৰ লগতে দলিত পৰিয়ালৰ ভিতৰৰ আভ্যন্তৰীণ লিংগ স্তৰসমূহৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদমূলক আখ্যান হিচাপে চাব পাৰি।<ref name="ab" /> জাতি আৰু লিংগৰ পাৰস্পৰিক আৰু ছেদক গাঁথনিৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰভাবিত হোৱা হিচাপে দলিত নাৰীৰ পৰিচয় প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰি দলিত নাৰীৰ আত্মজীৱনীই দলিত নাৰীবাদক এক ছেদক শ্ৰেণী হিচাপে শক্তিশালী কৰে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist|30em}} [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰীবাদ]] 3xulqqzwk118rsr63jhmx26g8dnpygf 0 87888 608740 530253 2026-05-26T03:03:12Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = জয় গোস্বামী | image = Joy Goswami - Kolkata 2014-02-03 8315.JPG | alt = Joy Goswami | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|11|10|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[কলকাতা]], [[পশ্চিম বঙ্গ]], [[ভাৰত]] | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --> | spouse = কাবেৰী গোস্বামী | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = কবি | known_for = কবিতা, সাহিত্য | signature = }} '''জয় গোস্বামী''' (জন্ম: ১০ নৱেম্বৰ, ১৯৫৪) বিংশ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালে আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰা এজন আধুনিক বাংলা কবি।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/25/stories/2009062556930100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090629065300/http://www.hindu.com/2009/06/25/stories/2009062556930100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=২৯ জুন ২০০৯|title=FIR registered against Aparna Sen|date=২৫ জানুৱাৰী ২০০৯|work=দ্য হিন্দু|access-date=৯ জুলাই ২০১০}}</ref> ভাৰতৰ পশ্চিম বংগৰ এই কবিক বাংলা ভাষাৰ জীৱনানন্দৰ পিছৰ পৰ্যায়ৰ অন্যতম জনপ্ৰিয় কবি বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। তেওঁৰ কবিতা বিস্ময়কৰ চিত্ৰকল্প, উপমা আৰু উপমাৰে ভৰপূৰ। তেওঁ দুবাৰকৈ আনন্দ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছে। তেওঁ কবিতা সংকলন "বজ্ৰবিদ্যুৎ-ভৰ্তি খাতা"ৰ বাবে পশ্চিমবংগ বাংলা অকাডেমী বঁটা লাভ কৰে। তদুপৰি তেওঁ পশ্চিম বংগ চৰকাৰৰ পৰা ''বংগ বিভূষণ'' বঁটা (২০১২)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060205/asp/look/story_5797945.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912235516/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060205/asp/look/story_5797945.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=১২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০০৬|title=Calcutta : Look|date=৫ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২০০৬|work=দ্য টেলিগ্ৰাফ|access-date=৯ জুলাই ২০১০}}</ref> লাভ কৰে। তেওঁৰ এটা কবিতাৰ জনপ্ৰিয় দুশাৰী বাক্য হ'ল - <br/> "অতল তোমাব় সাক্ষাৎ পেয়ে চিনতে পাব়িনি বলে <br/> হৃদি ভেসে গেল অলকানন্দা জলে" <br/> (অসমীয়া অনুবাদ - <br/> "অগভীৰ তোমাৰ সাক্ষাৎ লভি চিনিব নোৱাৰাৰ বাবেই<br/> হৃদয় ভাঁহি গ'ল অলকানন্দাৰ পানীত") ==জীৱনী== জয় গোস্বামীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল পশ্চিম বংগৰ বিখ্যাত [[কলকাতা]] চহৰত, ১৯৫৪ চনৰ ১০ নৱেম্বৰত।<ref>https://poetryatsangam.com/2014/10/joy-goswami/</ref> তেওঁ সৰু থাকোঁতে তেওঁৰ পৰিয়াল ৰানাঘাটলৈ গুচি যায়। তেতিয়াৰ পৰাই তেওঁৰ তাতেই স্থায়ী বাসস্থান। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ মধু গোস্বামীয়ে ব্ৰিটিছ বিৰোধী বিপ্লৱী ৰাজনীতি চলাইছিল। আঠ বছৰ পাঁচ মাহ বয়সত দেউতাকক হেৰুৱাইছিল। মাতৃ সবিতা গোস্বামী শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী আছিল আৰু তাই জয়ক ডাঙৰ-দীঘল কৰিছিল। ১৩-১৪ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ প্ৰথম কবিতা ৰচনা কৰে। ১৬-১৭ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই তেওঁ নিয়মিতভাৱে কবিতা লিখিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। সৰুৰে পৰা সংগীত বহুত শুনিছিল। গীতটিৰ সুৰৰ প্ৰতি তেওঁৰ বৰ আকৰ্ষণ হৈছিল। এই আকৰ্ষণতে তেওঁৰ অন্তৰ্জগতত কবিতাৰ জন্ম হ’বলৈ ধৰিলে। শৈশৱত তেওঁ কোনো এটা কবিতাৰ অনুষ্ঠানত '[[বনলতা সেন]]' কবিতাটো আবৃত্তি কৰা শুনিলে, তাৰ পিছত কবিতাৰ গাঁথনি, শৈলী আৰু বিষয়বস্তু সম্পৰ্কে তেওঁৰ পৰম্পৰাগত ধাৰণাবোৰ আমূলভাৱে সলনি হৈ গ’ল।<ref name="kalerkantho.com">{{Cite web |title=বাংলাদেশৰ 'কালেৰ কণ্ঠ' কাকতত দিয়া সাক্ষাৎকাৰ |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/home/printnews/156144/2014-11-28 |access-date=2024-12-25 |archivedate=2024-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225083535/https://www.kalerkantho.com/home/printnews/156144/2014-11-28 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ১৯৮৪ চনত জয় গোস্বামীৰ মাতৃৰ মৃত্যু হয়, যিয়ে ব্যস্ততাৰ মাজতো তেওঁক বাংলা সাহিত্যৰ মহান ৰচনাসমূহ বৰ্ণনা কৰি বাংলা ভাষাত তেওঁক শিকাইছিল আৰু বহু পৰিমাণে প্ৰভাৱিত কৰিছিল। তাৰ পিছত গোস্বামীৰ আনুষ্ঠানিক শিক্ষা বন্ধ হৈ গ’ল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ একাদশ শ্ৰেণীত পঢ়ি আছিল। এই সময়লৈকে তেওঁ ইতিমধ্যে কবিতা লিখিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি সৰু সৰু আলোচনী আৰু সাময়িকীত লিখাৰ অন্তত অৱশেষত তেওঁৰ লেখা প্ৰভাৱশালী ‘দেশ’ পত্ৰিকাত প্ৰকাশ পায়। ইয়াৰ ফলত তেওঁৰ তাৎক্ষণিক সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা আহিল আৰু তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম কবিতা সংকলন প্ৰকাশ পায়, যাৰ নাম ''ক্ৰীছমাছ অ শীতেৰ সনেটগুচ্ছ'। ১৯৮৯ চনত প্ৰকাশ হয় ''ঘুমিয়েছ ঝাউপাতা?'' আৰু ২০০০ চনত ''পাগলী তোমাৰ সংগে'' কাব্য সংকলনৰ বাবে ''সাহিত্য অকাডেমি কাডেমী বঁটা'' লাভ কৰে। মমতা বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়ৰ প্ৰতি তেওঁৰ যথেষ্ট প্ৰশংসা আছে আৰু তাইৰ প্ৰতি মুকলিকৈ সমৰ্থন আগবঢ়ায়। জয় গোস্বামীৰ ভাষাত "মোৰ দৈনন্দিন জীৱনত মোৰ মনত যি ভাষা জন্ম হয়, সেই অভিজ্ঞতাক ভাষা দিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰো।" মোৰ শিক্ষক, মোৰ মা, মোৰ ভাই, মোৰ বন্ধু, মহিলা, সহকৰ্মী, যিসকল মোৰ জীৱনলৈ আহিছে, তেওঁলোকৰ কোনোৱেই মোৰ লগত সুখী নহয়। কিবা কাৰণত মোৰ পৰা হতাশ বা ভাগৰি পৰিছে।” তেওঁৰ প্ৰিয় কবি [[ৰবীন্দ্ৰনাথ ঠাকুৰ]] আৰু [[শংখ ঘোষ|শঙ্খ ঘোষ]]।<ref name="kalerkantho.com"/> == প্ৰকাশিত কিতাপ == তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম কাব্য সংকলন 'ক্ৰিসমাস ও শীতেৰ সনেটগুচ্ছ' প্ৰকাশিত হয় ১৯৭৬ চনত। এয়া আছিল মাত্ৰ আঠটা কবিতাৰ এখন সৰু কবিতা-সংকলন। মাকৰ পৰা টকা লৈ তেওঁ এই কিতাপখনৰ প্ৰকাশৰ বাবদ মুঠ ১৪৫ টকা ব্যয় কৰিছিল। মাকৰ টকাৰে ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল দ্বিতীয়খন কাব্য সংকলন''প্ৰত্নজীব''। তাৰ পিছত কবি শঙ্খ ঘোষে তেওঁক প্ৰকাশক বিচাৰি দিয়ে আৰু ১৯৮১ চনত তেওঁৰ তৃতীয় কাব্য সংকলন ''আলেয়া হ্ৰদ'' প্ৰকাশিত হয়। === কবিতা === * ''ক্ৰিসমাস ও শীতেৰ সনেটগুচ্ছ'' (১৯৭৬) * ''আলেয়া হ্ৰদ'' (১৯৮১) * ''উন্মাদেৰ পাঠক্ৰম'' (১৯৮৬) * ''ভূতুমভগবান'' (১৯৮৮) * ''নুন'' * ''ঘুমিয়েছো, ঝাউপাতা?'' (১৯৮৯) * ''আজ যদি আমাকে জিজ্ঞেস কৰো'' * ''বজ্ৰ বিদ্যুৎ ভৰ্তি খাতা'' (১৯৯৫) * ''ওঃ স্বপ্ন'' (১৯৯৬) * ''[[পাগলী, তোমাৰ সঙ্গে]]'' (১৯৯৪)<ref>https://priyokobita.wordpress.com/2012/11/20/paagli-tomar-shonge/</ref> * ''পাতাৰ পোশাক'' (১৯৯৭) * ''বিষাদ'' (১৯৯৮) * ''যাৰা বৃষ্টিতে ভিজেছিল'' (১৯৯৮) * ''মা নিষাদ'' (১৯৯৯) * ''সূৰ্য পোড়া ছাই'' (১৯৯৯) * ''জগৎবাড়ি'' (২০০০) * ''কবিতাসংগ্ৰহ ১–৬ '' * ''প্ৰেতপুৰুষ ও অনুপম কথা'' (২০০৪) * ''দু' দণ্ড ফেয়াৰমত '' * ''সনতানসন্ততি'' * ''হৰিণেৰ জন্যে একক'' * ''আমৰা সেই চাৰজন '' * ''একান্নবৰ্তী'' * ''গৰাদ, গৰাদ'' * ''নিশ্চিহ্ন'' * ''পড়ন্ত বেলাৰ আলো'' * ''প্ৰাণহাৰা সন্দেশ'' * ''প্ৰায় শস্য'' * ''বিষ'' * ''মায়েৰ সামনে স্নান কৰতে লজ্জা নেই'' * ''সপাং সপাং'' * ''তোমাকে,আশ্চৰ্যময়ী ''(১৯৯৯) * ''দগ্ধ (২০২২)'' * ''শান্তি (২০২৩)'' (বাৰ্ণিক প্ৰকাশন) === উপন্যাস আৰু অন্যান্য === * ''হৃদয়ে প্ৰেমেৰ শীৰ্ষ'' (১৯৯৪) * ''মনোৰমেৰ উপন্যাস'' (১৯৯৪) * ''সেইসব শেয়ালেৰা'' (১৯৯৪) * ''সুড়ঙ্গ ও প্ৰতিৰক্ষা'' (১৯৯৫) * ''ৰৌদ্ৰছায়াৰ সংকলন'' (১৯৯৮) * ''সংশোধন বা কাটাকুটি'' (২০০১) * ''সাঁঝবাতিৰ ৰূপকথাৰা'' (২০০১) * ''দাদাভাইদেৰ পাড়া'' * ''ব্ৰহ্মৰাক্ষস'' * ''সব অন্ধকাৰ ফুলগাছ'' * ''এক প্ৰৌঢ়েৰ জবানবন্দী'' * '' গোসাইবাগান ১–৩'' * মধুদি * টাকা * প্ৰবন্ধগুচ্ছ * নিৰ্বাচিত সাক্ষাৎকাৰ - জয় গোস্বামী * অৰ্থহাৰা একমুষ্ঠি বালি * ভগ্নাংশ নিৰ্ণয় * জয়েৰ সুভাষ * জয়েৰ সুনীল * খাদ * জয়েৰ শক্তি ==বঁটা আৰু সন্মান== *বাংলা একাডেমীৰ পৰা অনিতা-সুনিল বসু বঁটা, পশ্চিমবঙ্গ চৰকাৰৰ দ্বাৰা (২০১৭) *আনন্দ পুৰস্কাৰ (১৯৯০), (১৯৯৮) *[[সাহিত্য অকাডেমী বঁটা]] (২০০০) *ভাৰতীয় ভাষা পৰিষদৰ আজীৱন কৃতিত্ব বঁটা (২০১১) *ৰচনা সমগ্ৰ পুৰস্কাৰ (২০১১) *বঙ্গ বিভূষণ, পশ্চিমবঙ্গ চৰকাৰৰ দ্বাৰা (২০১২)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060205/asp/look/story_5797945.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912235516/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060205/asp/look/story_5797945.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 September 2006|title=Calcutta : Look|date=৫ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২০০৬|work=দ্য টেলিগ্ৰাফ|access-date=৯ জুলাই ২০১০}}</ref> *ডি.লিট., কলিকতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ দ্বাৰা (২০১৫) *ডি.লিট., উত্তৰ বংগ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ দ্বাৰা (২০১৫) *ডি.লিট., কল্যাণী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ দ্বাৰা (২০১৭) *সেয়া বাংলা, এবিপি গ্ৰুপৰ দ্বাৰা (২০১৭) *মূৰ্তিদেৱী বঁটা (২০১৭) ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:বঙালী ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বঙালী কবি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় কবি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সাহিত্যিক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় সাহিত্যিক]] fywt693rqfxitkgkp2mbu6z7mrsee3n 0 96368 608621 608400 2026-05-25T12:07:40Z ~2026-31046-86 50078 /* প্ৰকাৰ */ 608621 wikitext text/x-wiki '''সমাস''' ({{Lang-en|Compound Word}}) হৈছে পৰস্পৰ অৰ্থৰ সংগতি থকা বা পাৰস্পৰিক আৱশ্যকীয় অৰ্থৰ দুই বা ততোধিক পদ লগ লাগি এক হোৱা পদ।<ref>{{cite web|title=সমাস|url=https://dainiksakori.com/homakh-assamese-grammar/|accessdate=25 October 2025}}</ref> বাক্য বা প্ৰকাশিত মনৰ ভাব চুটি বা সংক্ষেপ কৰাই ইয়াৰ উদ্দেশ্য। ==প্ৰকাৰ== সংস্কৃত haysjsgsujjব্যাকৰণ মতে সমাসৰ সংখ্যা বেছি হ'লেও সংস্কৃত শব্দৰ ব্যৱহাৰ অধিক হোৱা বাবে অসমীয়াত প্ৰধানকৈ ছয়বিধ<ref>{{cite web|title=সমাস|url=https://newjobbabaji.blogspot.com/2021/12/blog-post_22.html?m=1|accessdate=23 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=সমাস|url=https://masrur360.com/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-samas-compound-in-assamese/ November 2024}}</ref> সমাস আছে- # দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস # দ্বিগু সমাস # বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস # কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস # তৎপুৰুষ সমাস # অব্যয়ীভাৱ সমাস ==দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস== দুটা বা ততোধিক সংজ্ঞা শব্দ নাইবা বিশেষণ শব্দৰ মাজৰ সংযোজক অব্যয় শব্দ লোপ কৰি সমাস কৰিলেই দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস বোলে। ই তিনিবিধ - (ক) ইতৰেতৰ (খ) সমাহাৰ আৰু (গ) একশেষ দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস।<ref>{{cite web|title=সমাস আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰকাৰ|url=https://www.dainiksakori.com/Homakh-Assamese-Grammar/ October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=সমাস|url=https://masrur360.com/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-samas-compound-in-assamese/ November 2024}}</ref> দুটা বা তাতকৈ বেছি প্ৰাতিপদিকৰ ([https://devlibrary.in/assamese-grammar বিশেষ্য বা বিশেষণ]) পদৰ মাজত অব্যয় শব্দ লোপ কৰি দ্বiiiন্দ্ব সমাস কৰা হয়।<ref>সমাস আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰকাৰ [https://devlibrary.in/homakh-assamese-grammar Dev Library] Published 23-03-2021</ref> '''উদাহৰণ:''' * দেৱাসুৰ — দেৱ আৰু অসুৰ। * ৰাম আৰু লক্ষ্মণ — ৰামলক্ষ্মণ * তেল-পানী — তেল আৰু পানী। * ভাই-ভনী — ভাই আৰু ভনী। * হাত আৰু ভবি — হাত-ভৰি * স্বভাৱ-চৰিত্ৰ — স্বভাৱ আৰু চৰিত্ৰ। * গুৰু-শিষ্য — গুৰু আৰু শিষ্য। * ধেনু আৰু শৰ — ধেনুশৰ। * ভাল-বেয়া — ভাল আৰু বেয়া। * সোণ-ৰূপ — সোণ আৰু ৰূপ। * অস্তশস্ত্ৰ — অস্ত্ৰ আৰু শস্ত। * তামোল-পাণ — তামোল আৰু পাণ। ====ইতৰেতৰ দ্বন্দ্ব==== সমস্তপদ সমস্যমান পদবোৰৰ অৰ্থ স্পষ্ট হৈ থাকে বা অৰ্থ প্ৰধানভাবে থাকে তাকেই ইতৰেতৰ দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস বোলে। যেনে, ৰাম আৰু লক্ষ্মণ - ৰামলক্ষ্মণ, ধেনু আৰু শৰ ধেনুশৰ; উচ্চাৰণ সহজ সাধ্য কৰিবলৈ বা শ্ৰুতিমাধুৰ্যৰ বাবে এই সমাসত দীঘলীয়া পদটি সাধাৰণতে শেষৰফালে বহে। নাইবা প্ৰথম পদৰ শেষাংশ লোপ পায়। যেনে, ভাই আৰু ককাই—ভাইককাই, জয় আৰু পৰাজয় জয়পৰাজয়; আকৌ দুই বা ততোধিক বিশেষণ পদৰো সমাস হয়, যেনে— ভাল আৰু বেয়া ভালবেয়া, সাধু আৰু সন্ত- সাধুসন্ত ইত্যাদি। স্ত্ৰীলিংগ আৰু পুংলিংগ পদৰ সমাস হ'লে সাধাৰণতে স্ত্ৰীলিংগবাচক পদটো আগত বহে। যেনে, ৰাধা আৰু কৃষ্ণ— ৰাধাকৃষ্ণ, সাৱিত্ৰী আৰু সত্যবান- সাৱিত্ৰীসত্যৱান, জায়া আৰু পতি— দম্পতী, * জম্পতা, জায়াপতী (দম্পতী, জম্পতি বা জায়াপতি)। ====সমাহাৰ দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস==== যি দ্বন্দ্ব সমাসত অনেক সমাস হৈ ব্যস্ত পদবোৰৰ অৰ্থৰ উপৰি অন্য অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে তাকেই সমাহাৰ দ্বন্দ্ব বোলে। যেনে, 'কাঁহিবাটিয়ে কেৱল কাঁহী আৰু বাটিকেই বুজোৱা নাই কাঁহী, বাটি আৰু এই জাতীয় লোটা, ঘটী, কলহ আদিকো বুজায়। কিন্তু কেৱল কাঁহী আৰু বাটিকেই বুজালে ইতৰেতৰ দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস হ’ব। তেনেকৈ ‘আমকঁঠাল, আম-কঁঠালৰ বাৰী বুলিলে আম, কঁঠাল আৰু এই জাতীয় অন্যান্য ফলৰ বাৰীকেই বুজায়। তেনেকৈ তেলটেঙা, ভাতমাছ ইত্যাদি। নামধাতু বা তুমৰ্থক ক্ৰিয়াৰো সমাহাৰ দ্বন্দ্ব হয়। ====একশেষ দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস==== একশেষ দ্বন্দ্ব সমাসত ব্যস্তপদবোৰৰ ভিতৰত কেৱল প্ৰথম ব্যস্তপদটোহে বহুবচন যুক্ত হৈ ব্যৱহাৰ হয়। বাকী ব্যস্তপদবোৰ লোপ পায়। এই দ্বন্দ্ব সমাসত কেইবাটাও শব্দৰ সলনি একেটি অৱশেষ থাকে আৰু সিয়ো বহুবচন যুক্ত হৈ ব্যৱহাৰ হয়। সেই বহু বচনযুক্ত পদটিয়ে আটাইবোৰ ব্যস্তপদকেই বুজায়, সেইবাবেই ই একশেষ দ্বন্দ্ব সমাস। যেনে- ৰাম, হৰি, যদু, মধু, আদি ‘ৰামহঁত’, পিতা, খুৰা আদি ‘পিতাহঁত’, ‘আহমেদ, আফান আদি 'ৰুস্তমহঁত, 'ৰংপি’ তেৰণ আদি ৰংপিহঁত। ==দ্বিগু সমাস== দুই বা তাতোকৈ অধিক সংখ্যাবাচক শব্দৰ লগত অন্য শব্দ লগ হৈ সমাহাৰ বুজালে যি সমাস হয়, তাকে দ্বিগু সমাস বোলে।<ref>{{cite web|title=সমাস আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰকাৰ|url=https://www.dainiksakori.com/Homakh-Assamese-Grammar/ October 2025}}</ref> উদাহৰণ: *ত্ৰিফলা = তিনি ফলৰ সমাহাৰ। *দোমাহী = দুই মাহৰ সমাহাৰ। দ্বিগু সমাসত কেতিয়াবা অ-কাৰণ্ত পদৰ পিছত 'আ' বা 'ঈ' যোগ কৰা হয়। ==বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস== যি সমাসত সমস্ত পদে ব্যস্ত পদবিলাকৰ ব্যুৎপত্তিগত অৰ্থ নুবুজাই আন কোনো বিশেষ অৰ্থহে বুজায়, তাকে বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস বোলে।<ref>{{cite web|title=সমাস আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰকাৰ|url=https://www.dainiksakori.com/Homakh-Assamese-Grammar/ October 2025}}</ref> বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস তিনিপ্ৰকাৰৰ- *কৰ্মধায় বহুব্ৰীহি বা সমানাধিকৰণ বহুব্ৰীহি *ব্যাধিকৰণ বহুব্ৰীহি বা তৎপুৰুষ বহুব্ৰীহি *ব্যতিহাৰ বহুব্ৰীহি ===সমানাধিকৰণ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস=== সমস্যমান বিশেষ্য আৰু বিশেষণ পদ একে বিভক্তিত থাকি দুয়োটাৰে সংযোগত সিদ্ধ হোৱা বহুব্ৰীহি সমাসক সমানাধিকৰণ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *পীত (হালধীয়া) অম্বৰ (কাপোৰ ) যাৰ = পীতাম্বৰ উক্ত উদাহৰণটোত সমস্যমান পদ বা ব্যস্ত পদ (পীত) বিশেষণৰ দৰে ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে আৰু অম্বৰ (কাপোৰ) ৰ লগত তুলনা বুজাইছে। গতিকে ই সমানাধিকৰণ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস। ===ব্যধিকৰণ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস=== যি বহুব্ৰীহি সমাসত সমস্যমান পদে অধিকৰণ অৰ্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে তাকেই ব্যধিকৰণ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস বোলে। বহুব্ৰীহি ব্যধিকৰণ সমাসত সমস্যমান বিশেষ্য পদ দুটা একে বিভক্তিত নাথাকে আৰু এটা বিশেষ্য পদত সপ্তমী বিভক্তি যোগ হয়। উদাহৰণ– *বনত যি ভোজ হয় = বনভোজ। *পদ্ম আছে নাভিত যাত = পদ্মনাভ। ===ব্যতিহাৰ বহুব্ৰীহি সমাস=== পৰস্পৰ একে কাৰ্য বুজোৱা বহুব্ৰীহি সমাসক ব্যতিহাৰ সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *পৰস্পৰে হাতে হাতে কৰা যুঁজ = হতাহতি। ==কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস== বিশেষণ আৰু বিশেষ্য পদত সমাস হৈ যদি বিশেষ্যৰ অৰ্থটো প্ৰধানভাৱে প্ৰতীয়মান হয় তাক কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস বোলে। যেনে - *মহাপুৰুষ = মহৎ যি পুৰুষ। *বিদ্যোৎসাহী = বিদ্যাৰ প্ৰতি উৎসাহী। কৰ্মধায় সমাস দুবিধ - *মধ্যপদলোপী কৰ্মধায় *অত্যপদলোপী কৰ্মধায় ===মধ্যপদলোপী কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস=== যি কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাসৰ ব্যাসবাক্য বা সমাস বাক্যৰ মধ্যস্থিত পদ লোপ পায় তাকে মধ্যপদলোপী কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *চন্দ্ৰৰ তুল্য (নিচিনা, দৰে ) বদন = চন্দ্ৰ বদন। *পদ্মৰ নিচিনা (দৰে, তুল্য) লোচন = পদ্মলোচন। ===অন্ত্যপদলোপী কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস=== যি কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাসৰ ব্যাস বাক্যৰ শেষ পদ লোপ পায় তাকে অন্ত্যপদলোপী কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *বাক্য অমৃতৰ তুল্য = বাক্যামৃত। *মুখ চন্দ্ৰৰ নিচিনা = মুখচন্দ্ৰ। *বিদ্যা সাগৰৰ তুল্য = বিদ্যাসাগৰ। কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাসক তুলনা বা ৰিজনি অনুসৰি তিনি ভাগত ভাগ কৰিব পাৰি – * উপমান কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস *উপমিত কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস *ৰূপক কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস ===উপমান কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস=== উপমানবাচক পদৰ সৈতে সাধাৰণ গুণবাচক পদ লগ হৈ সিদ্ধ হোৱা কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাসক উপমান কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *বজ্ৰৰ দৰে কঠিন = বজ্ৰ-কঠিন। *গাখীৰৰ দৰে বগা = গাখীৰ-বগা। ===উপমিত কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস=== উপমান আৰু উপমেয় পদৰ মাজত সাদৃশ্য কল্পনা কৰি সিদ্ধ হোৱা কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাসক উপমিত কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *জীৱন নৈৰ তুল্য = জীৱননৈ। *মুখ পদ্মৰ নিচিনা = পদ্মমুখ। ===ৰূপক কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস=== উপমান আৰু উপমেয়ক অভেদ ৰূপে কল্পনা কৰি সিদ্ধ হোৱা কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাসক ৰূপক কৰ্মধাৰয় সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ - *কাল ৰূপ চক্ৰ = কালচক্ৰ। *মুখ ৰূপ চন্দ্ৰ = চন্দ্ৰমুখ। ==তৎপুৰুষ সমাস== যি সমাসত দুটা ব্যস্ত পদৰ প্ৰথম পদটো প্ৰথম বিভক্তিৰ বাহিৰে আন বিভক্তিত থাকে আৰু এই বিভক্তি লোপ হৈ সমাস হয় তাকে তৎপুৰুষ সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ - *মাতৃপূজা = মাতৃক পূজা। *ৰাজসিংহাসন = ৰজাৰ সিংহাসন। *অনুচিত = ন উচিত। তৎপুৰুষ সমাস ছয়প্ৰকাৰৰ: *দ্বিতীয়া তৎপুৰুষ *তৃতীয়া তৎপুৰুষ *চতুৰ্থী তৎপুৰুষ *পঞ্চমী তৎপুৰুষ *ষষ্ঠী তৎপুৰুষ আৰু *সপ্তমী তৎপুৰুষ ===দ্বিতীয়া তৎপুৰুষ=== প্ৰথম ব্যস্ত পদৰ দ্বিতীয়া বিভক্তি লোপ হৈ সিদ্ধ হোৱা সমাসক দ্বিতীয় তৎপুৰুষ সমাস বোলা হয়। উদাহৰণ– *মাতৃক পূজা = মাতৃপূজা। *ভকতক সেৱা = ভকতসেৱা। ===তৃতীয়া তৎপুৰুষ=== ব্যস্ত পদ দুটাৰ প্ৰথমটো তৃতীয়া বিভক্তি লোপ হৈ সিদ্ধ হোৱা সমাসক তৃতীয়া তৎপুৰুষ সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *মনেৰে সজা = মনেসজা। *হাতেৰে বোৱা = হাতেবোৱা। ====চতুৰ্থী তৎপুৰুষ==== প্ৰথম ব্যস্ত পদৰ চতুৰ্থী বিভক্তি লোপ হৈ সিদ্ধ হোৱা সমাসক চতুৰ্থী তৎপুৰুষ সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *ঈশ্বৰলৈ সেৱা = ঈশ্বৰসেৱা। *গুৰুলৈ ভক্তি = গুৰুভক্তি। ===পঞ্চমী তৎপুৰুষ=== প্ৰথম ব্যস্ত পদ দুটাৰ প্ৰথমটোৰ পঞ্চমী বিভক্তি লোপ হৈ সিদ্ধ হোৱা সমাসক পঞ্চমী তৎপুৰুষ সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *পদৰপৰা চ্যুত = পদচ্যুত। *পাপৰপৰা মুক্ত = পাপমুক্ত। ===ষষ্ঠী তৎপুৰুষ=== প্ৰথম ব্যস্ত পদৰ ষষ্ঠী বিভক্তি লোপ হৈ হোৱা সমাসক ষষ্ঠী তৎপুৰুষ সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *পিতৃৰ তুল্য = পিতৃতুল্য। *পৰৰ অধীন = পৰাধীন। ===সপ্তমী তৎপুৰুষ=== ব্যস্ত পদৰ সপ্তমী বিভক্তি লোপ হৈ সিদ্ধ হোৱা সমাসক সপ্তমী তৎপুৰুষ সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *খনিত জাত = খনিজাত। *দিনত কণা = দিনকণা। ওপৰত আলোচনা কৰা ছয়প্ৰকাৰৰ তৎপুৰুষ সমাসৰ উপৰি আৰু দুবিধ তৎপুৰুষ সমাস আছে। সেয়া হ'ল - *উপপদ তৎপৰুষ সমাস *নঞ্‌ তৎপুৰষ সমাস ===উপপদ তৎপৰুষ সমাস=== উপপদৰ সৈতে কৃদন্ত পদৰ সহযোগত সিদ্ধ হোৱা সমাসক উপপদ তৎপুৰুষ সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *জলত চৰে যি = জলচৰ। *পংকত জন্মে যি = পংকজ। ===নঞ্‌ তৎপুৰষ সমাস=== নিষেধ বা নঞ্‌ অৰ্থবোধক অব্যয়ৰ সৈতে বিশেষ্য বা বিশেষণ পদ লগলাগি সিদ্ধ হোৱা সমাসক নঞ্‌ তৎপুৰুষ সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ– *ন ন্যায় = অন্যায়। *ন উচিত = অনুচিত। ==অব্যয়ীভাৱ সমাস== যি সমাসত অব্যয়ৰ অৰ্থ প্ৰধানৰূপে প্ৰতীয়মান হয় আৰু পূৰ্বপদত অব্যয় থাকে তাক অব্যয়ীভাব সমাস বোলে। উদাহৰণ - *উপকূল = কূলৰ সমীপ। *দুৰ্ভিক্ষ = ভিক্ষাৰ অভাৱ। অব্যয়ীভাৱ সমাস তলত দিয়া ধৰণে বিভিন্ন অৰ্থত ভাগ কৰিব পাৰি - ===অভাৱ অৰ্থত=== *ধৰ্মৰ অভাৱ = অধৰ্ম। *সুখৰ অভাৱ = অসুখ। *ধনৰ অভাৱ = ধনহীন *বিদ্যাৰ অভাৱ = বিদ্যাহীন ===সমীপ্য অৰ্থত=== *বনৰ সমীপ = উপবন। *নদীৰ সমীপ = উপনদী *গ্ৰহৰ সমীপ = উপগ্ৰহ ===পৰ্যন্ত অৰ্থত=== *জীৱন পৰ্যন্ত = আজীৱন। *মৰণ পৰ্যন্ত = আমৰণ *জানু পৰ্যন্ত = আজানু *কণ্ঠ পৰ্যন্ত = আকণ্ঠ *মুল পৰ্যন্ত = আমূল ===বীপ্সা (পুনঃ পুনঃ) অৰ্থত=== *দিনে দিনে = প্ৰতিদিনে। *ঘৰে ঘৰে = প্ৰতিঘৰে। *ক্ৰমে ক্ৰমে = অনুক্ৰমে *ক্ষণে ক্ষণে = প্ৰতিক্ষণে *জনেজনে = প্ৰতিজনে ===সাদৃশ্য অৰ্থত=== *দ্বীপৰ সদৃশ = উপদ্বীপ। *মূৰ্তি সদৃশ = প্ৰতিমূৰ্তি। *ৰূপৰ সদৃশ = প্ৰতিৰূপ *ধ্বনিৰ সদৃশ = প্ৰতিধ্বনি ===উলংঘন অৰ্থত=== *শক্তিক অতিক্ৰম নকৰি = যথাশক্তি। *বিধিক অতিক্ৰম নকৰি = যথাবিধি। ===যোগ্য অৰ্থত=== *ৰূপৰ যোগ্য = প্ৰতিৰূপ। ===পশ্চাৎ অৰ্থত=== *পাছত যায় যি = অনুচৰ। ===বিপৰীত অৰ্থত=== *ফলৰ বিপৰীত = প্ৰতিফল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://masrur360.com/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-samas-compound-in-assamese/ সমাস | Samas | Compound in Assamese] *[https://dainiksakori.com/Homakh-Assamese-Grammar/ সমাস আৰু ইয়াৰ প্ৰকাৰ¹] {{ব্যাকৰণ}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ব্যাকৰণ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া ব্যাকৰণ]] lkf0oc4776lp11a3yf6mbf3i28n4hkt 0 101626 608834 404635 2026-05-26T09:52:38Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|The Successors of the Sahaba}}{{Usul al-Fiqh}}{{ইছলাম}} '''তাবিউন''' ({{lang-ar|اَلتَّابِعُونَ}}, অভিযুক্ত বা জেনিটিভ '''তাবীন''' {{lang|ar|اَلتَّابِعِينَ}}, একবচন ''তাবিʿ'' {{lang|ar|تَابِعٌ}}), "অনুগামী" বা "উত্তৰাধিকাৰী"ও, [[ইছলামৰ পয়গম্বৰ|ইছলামৰ]] [[হজৰত মহম্মদ]]ৰ সহযোগী ([[ছাহাবা]])ক অনুসৰণ কৰা [[মুছলমান]] প্ৰজন্ম, আৰু এইদৰে তেওঁলোকৰ শিক্ষাসমূহ চেকেণ্ডহেণ্ড লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name="ODI-301">{{cite book|last1=Esposito|first1=John L.|title=The Oxford Dictionary of Islam|date=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=301}}</ref> সেই হিচাপে ইছলামিক চিন্তা আৰু জ্ঞানৰ বিকাশত, আৰু আৰম্ভণিৰ [[খিলাফত]]ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিকাশত তেওঁলোকে গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল। তাবিউনৰ পিছত পৰৱৰ্তী প্ৰজন্মৰ মুছলমানসকলক ''তাবী আত-তাবীন'' বোলা হয় {{lang|ar|تَابِعُو ٱلتَّابِعِينَ}}। মহম্মদৰ অনুগামীৰ প্ৰথম তিনিটা প্ৰজন্মই ইছলামৰ [[ছালাফ]] {{lang|ar|سَلَفُ}} গঠন কৰে। == ছুন্নী সংজ্ঞা == ইছলামৰ ছুন্নী শাখাৰ মুছলমানসকলে তাবিয়াক এনে এজন মুছলমান বুলি সংজ্ঞায়িত কৰে যিয়ে: # [[মুহাম্মাদ]]ৰ এজন [[ছাহাবা]]ক অন্ততঃ এজনক দেখিলে # সঠিকভাৱে নিৰ্দেশিত আছিল (আৰ-ৰাশিদুন) # সেই অৱস্থাতে মৃত্যু হোৱা এজন। খাৱাৰীজসকলক সেয়েহে মহম্মদৰ বহু সংগীক দেখাৰ পিছতো তাবিউন বুলি কোৱা হোৱা নাই। ছুন্নী মুছলমানসকলেও তাবিউনক চাহাবাসকলৰ পিছত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ প্ৰজন্ম বুলি গণ্য কৰে। ছুন্নী মুছলমানসকলৰ মতে মুহাম্মাদে কৈছে: "শ্ৰেষ্ঠ মানুহ হ'ল মোৰ প্ৰজন্মত বাস কৰা, তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকৰ পিছত অহা, আৰু তাৰ পিছত (দ্বিতীয় প্ৰজন্ম))।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/hadith/bukhari/048.sbt.html#003.048.819|title=CRCC: Center For Muslim-Jewish Engagement: Resources: Religious Texts|website=www.usc.edu|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205123512/http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/hadith/bukhari/048.sbt.html|archive-date=2008-12-05|access-date=2024-01-28|archivedate=2011-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820093150/http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/hadith/bukhari/048.sbt.html#003.048.819|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তাবিউনক বেছিভাগ মুছলমান পণ্ডিতে তিনিটা শ্ৰেণীত ভাগ কৰিছে:<ref name="Hadith Literature">{{cite book|last=Siddiqi|first=Muhammad|title=Hadith Literature|url=https://asimiqbal2nd.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/hadithliterature1of2.pdf|year=1993|publisher=The Islamic Texts Society|location=Oxford|isbn=0946621381|pages=29}}</ref> # মক্কা বিজয়ৰ পূৰ্বে ইছলাম গ্ৰহণ কৰা ছাহাবাসকলৰ ছাত্ৰ # মক্কা বিজয়ৰ পিছত ইছলাম গ্ৰহণ কৰা ছাহাবাসকলৰ ছাত্ৰ # মুহাম্মাদৰ মৃত্যুৰ সময়ত এতিয়াও প্ৰাপ্তবয়স্ক হোৱা নাছিল ছাহাবাসকলৰ ছাত্ৰ == তাবিউনসকলৰ তালিকা == [[হিজৰী বৰ্ষ|হিজৰী]]ৰ ৩০ বছৰৰ পিছত প্ৰথম মৃত্যু হোৱা তাবী হ’ল জাইদ ইবনে মা’মাৰ ইবনে জাইদ আৰু শেষত মৃত্যু হোৱা খলাফ ইবনে খলিফা, তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু হয় ১৮০ হিজৰীত। নতুবা, যিহেতু খালাফ ইবনে খলিফাৰ তাবী হিচাপে মৰ্যাদাক সুনামধন্য পণ্ডিতসকলে তীব্ৰ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান জনাইছে, সেয়েহে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজৰ পৰা শেষত মৃত্যু হোৱাজন হ’ব পাৰে ১৭০ হিজৰীত জাৰিৰ বিন হাজিম। সেয়েহে বহু তাবিউনক ছাহাবীৰ যুগৰ পৰা পিছৰ মুছলমানলৈকে ইছলামিক পৰম্পৰা ৰক্ষাৰ দায়িত্ব দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref name="Hadith Literature" /> * [[Aban ibn Uthman]] * [[Abbad ibn Abd Allah az-Zubair]] * [[Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah]] * [[Abd al-Rahman al-Awza'i]] * Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla al-Kindi (d. 701), transmitter of traditions on Ali and the companions, joined the uprising of [[Ibn al-Ash'ath]] and killed at the [[Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Morony|first=Michael G.|title=Iraq after the Muslim Conquest|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, New Jersey|year=1984|isbn=0-691-05395-2|pages=435, 467}}</ref> * [[Abu Muslim al-Khawlani]] * [[Abu Hanifa]] (80 - 150 A.H.)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BFZsBgAAQBAJ|title=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia|last=Meri|first=Josef W.|date=October 31, 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135456030|page=5|language=en|quote=Abu Hanifa is counted among the most illustrious of the Tabi'un (literally “the successors,”which refers to the second generation of Muslims), and some sources relate that he met at least four Companions of the Prophet}}</ref><ref>Öncü Sûfîlerden Fudayl b.‘Iyâd’ın (öl. 187/802) İlmî Şahsiyeti." Şırnak Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 11.24 (2020): 159-185. "..Tabi'un are the people who followed Sahaba, the companions of the prophet), is one of the important names in the history of Islamic science. Fudayl, who was an Arab, spent his life in three regions: Khorasan, Kufa, and Mecca. Names such as Abu Hanifa, Mansur bin Mu'temir.."</ref> * [[Ahnaf ibn Qais]]<ref name="MSA">[http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/law/alalwani_usulalfiqh/ch3.html USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715053146/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/law/alalwani_usulalfiqh/ch3.html|date=2006-07-15}}</ref> * [[Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin]] * [[Alqama ibn Qays]] * [[Amr ibn Uthman]] * [[Amir al-Sha'bi]] * [[Ata ibn Abi Rabah]] (d. 106 A.H.)<ref name="MSA" /> * [[Hammam ibn Munabbih]] * [[Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah]] (d. 100 A.H.) * [[Hasan al-Basri]] (21 - 110 A.H.) * [[Ibn Jurayj]] * [[Ibn Kathir al-Makki]] * [[Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri]] (d. 124 A.H.)<ref name="MSA" /> * [[Ibn Sirin]] * [[Ja'far al-Sadiq]] * [[Malik Dinar]] * [[Masruq ibn al-Ajda']] (d. 103 A.H.)<ref name="MSA" /> * [[Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr]] * [[Muhammad al-Baqir]] * [[Mujahid ibn Jabr]] * [[Nafi Mawla Ibn Umar]] * [[Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr]] (d. 103 A.H.)<ref name="MSA" /><!-- Not the son of Muhammad and Khadija !! --> * [[Said ibn al-Musayyib]] (d. 93 A.H.)<ref name="MSA" /> * [[Sa'id ibn Jubayr]] * [[Salim ibn Abd-Allah]] * [[Shaikh Habib Al-Raee]]<ref name="Abu Haleem Habib bin Saleem Al-Raee">{{cite book|author=Hazrat Ali bin Usman Al-Hujwiri|title=The Kashf Al-Mahjub:A Persian Treatise on Sufism|url=http://www.apnaorg.com/books/english/kashf-english/book.php?fldr=book|year=2001|publisher=Zia-ul-Quran Publications Lahore Pakistan|others=Justice Karam Shah|access-date=2024-01-28|archivedate=2017-07-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704144958/http://apnaorg.com/books/english/kashf-english/book.php?fldr=book}}</ref> * [[Sulaym ibn Qays]] * [[Sulaiman al-Aʽmash]] * [[Tawus ibn Kaysan]] * [[Ubayd-Allah ibn Abd-Allah]] (d. 98 A.H.)<ref name="MSA" /> * [[Umar II]] * [[Urwah ibn Zubayr]] (d. 94 A.H.)<ref name="MSA" /> * [[Uwais al-Qarani]] * [[Wuhayb ibn al-Ward]] * [[Yahya ibn Sa'd]] (d. 143 A.H.)<ref name="MSA" /> * [[Zayd ibn Ali]] (d. 740 [[Common Era|C.E.]] (122 A.H. ?)) * [[Al-Nakhai]] (d.714) <ref name="MSA" /> [[Al-Nakhai]] {{Incomplete list|date=November 2021}} == লগতে চাওক == * [[ছালাফ]] * [[ছাহাবা]] * [[ছাহাবাসকলৰ তালিকা]] * [[তাবা আল-তাবিইন]] == তথ্যসমূহ == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইছলামী সংস্কৃতি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইছলামিক উপাধি]] cnxohl910935g5bf06rpdid5rsrwff2 0 102227 608727 602193 2026-05-25T21:09:19Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=ঘুগনি|image=Ghugni image.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=ঘুগনি|alternate_name=|country=[[ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশ]]|region=[[ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশ]]|national_cuisine=[[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]]|creator=অজ্ঞাত|course=নিমখীয়া|type=|served=|main_ingredient=বুট, শুকান কেঠাইৰাছ, হালধীয়া মটৰ, বা শুকান বগা মটৰ, ভাৰতীয় মছলা । হালধি|variations=|calories=|other=}} '''ঘুগনি''' ({{Lang-or|ଘୁଗ୍ନି}} ) বা '''ঘুগুনি''' ( {{Lang-as|ঘুগুনি}}) বা '''গুগুনি''' মটৰ বা বুটমাহৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা এবিধ তৰকাৰী। <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Singh|first1=Usha|title=Ethnic Fermented Foods of Bihar and Jharkhand|journal=Ethnic Fermented Foods and Beverages of India: Science History and Culture|pages=113}}</ref> খাদ্যৰ বিভিন্ন শৈলীত বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ মটৰমাহ বা বুটমাহ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, যেনে ক’লা বুট, সেউজীয়া মটৰমাহ বা বগা মটৰমাহ। ই [[ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশ|ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ]] স্থানীয় পুৱাৰ আহাৰ, বিশেষকৈ পূব ভাৰতৰ [[বিহাৰ]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bihari-Style Kale Chane Ghugni Recipe by Hiranyamayi Shivani|url=https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-bihari-style-kala-chana-ghugni-957460|accessdate=2023-03-26|work=NDTV Food|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[ঝাড়খণ্ড|ঝাৰখণ্ড]], [[ওড়িশা]], [[পশ্চিমবংগ|পশ্চিম বংগ]] ), [[উত্তৰ-পূব ভাৰত]] ([[অসম]] আৰু [[ত্ৰিপুৰা]]) আৰু [[বাংলাদেশ|বাংলাদেশতো]] ঘুগনি জনপ্ৰিয়।<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Kapoor|first1=Sanjeev|title=How to Cook Indian: More Than 500 Classic Recipes for the Modern Kitchen|publisher=ABRAMS|year=2011|isbn=9781613121351}}</ref> অৱশ্যে তেওঁলোকে ইয়াক ৰুটি বা পুৰিৰ লগত, অথবা ষ্ট্ৰীট ফুড হিচাপেহে পছন্দ কৰে। [[চিত্ৰ:Bread_and_ghugni_in_Kolkata.jpg|thumb| ৰুটিৰ সৈতে ঘুগনি, [[পশ্চিমবংগ|পশ্চিম বংগৰ]] [[কলিকতা|কলকাতাত]] ব্ৰেকফাষ্ট হিচাপে জনপ্ৰিয়। ]] == প্ৰস্তুতি == মটৰমহখিনি ৰাতিটো তিয়াই তাৰ পিছদিনা পানীত সিজাই লোৱা হয়। মটৰমাহখিনি তাৰপিছত মছলাৰ গ্ৰেভিত যোগ কৰা হয় য’ত নাৰিকল, আদাৰ পেষ্ট, হালধিৰ পেষ্ট, জিৰা, তেতেলীৰ চাটনি, আৰু ধনিয়া আদি থাকে। <ref name=":x">{{Cite book|last=Kapoor|first1=Sanjeev|title=How to Cook Indian: More Than 500 Classic Recipes for the Modern Kitchen|publisher=ABRAMS|year=2011|isbn=9781613121351}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত ইয়াক ''কুৰমুৰা'' বুলি বিশেষ ফুলি উঠা এবিধ চাউলৰ সৈতে অথবা কোনো সময়ত গৰম পিঁয়াজৰ পাকোড়া বা ''ভূজিয়াৰ'' সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। ঘুগনি প্ৰায়ে কিম্বন কৰা চাউল-মচুৰ দাইলেৰে তৈয়াৰী ধুস্কাৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":a">{{Cite journal|last=Singh|first1=Usha|title=Ethnic Fermented Foods of Bihar and Jharkhand|journal=Ethnic Fermented Foods and Beverages of India: Science History and Culture|pages=113}}</ref> কলিকতাত ঘুগনি প্ৰায়ে [[পুৰি|পুৰিৰ]] লগত খোৱা হয়।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dasgupta|first1=Minakshie|title=The Calcutta Cookbook: A Treasury of Over 200 Recipes from Pavement to Palace|last2=Gupta|first2=Bunny|last3=Chaliha|first3=Jaya|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1995|isbn=9780140469721|pages=371}}</ref> ওড়িশাত পিঁয়াজ আৰু নহৰু নোহোৱাকৈও ঘুগনি প্ৰস্তুত কৰে। প্ৰস্তুতিৰ পদ্ধতি বংগৰ দৰেই যদিও ইয়াত তেল আৰু মছলা কম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ঘুগনি প্ৰায়ে পুৰি, ইমুধি (মুড়ি,মুৰমুৰা, ফুলাই তোলা চাউল) বা যিকোনো নিয়মীয়া ওডিয়া পুৱাৰ আহাৰ যেনে বড়া,চিংড়া আদিৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। == তাৰতম্য == [[চিত্ৰ:Ghugni_of_West_Bengal,_made_from_dry_white_peas.jpg|thumb| [[পশ্চিমবংগ|পশ্চিম বংগৰ]] ঘুগনি (নাৰিকল আৰু আলুৰ টুকুৰাৰে), শুকান বগা মটৰৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী। ]] বিহাৰত সেউজীয়া বুটমাহ বা সেউজীয়া মটৰমাহ ঘুগনিৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। কিছু ক্ষেত্ৰত ইয়াক অলপমান গোটা জিৰা আৰু কেঁ‌চা জলকিয়াৰ সৈতে সৰিয়হৰ তেলত লাহে লাহে কেৰাহীত ভাজি লোৱা হয় আৰু পূব ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৰণৰ দৰে তৰকাৰী কৰি পেলোৱা নহয়।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kumar|first1=Prasanjeet|title=The Ultimate Guide to Cooking Vegetables the Indian Way|last2=Kumar|first2=Sonali|publisher=CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform|year=2016|isbn=9781537268132}}</ref> বংগত শুকান বগা মটৰমাহৰ পৰা ঘুগনি প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first1=Dayeeta|title=The Gift of Life: Family, Friends, Food & Fun|publisher=Partridge Publishing India|year=2014|isbn=9781482842913}}</ref> বংগত শুকান বগা মটৰমাহেৰেহে ঘুগনি প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Roy|first=Dayeeta|title=The Gift of Life: Family, Friends, Food & Fun|publisher=Partridge Publishing India|year=2014|isbn=9781482842913}}</ref> কিছুমান সংস্কৰণত মাংস, যেনে ছাগলী বা আনকি ভেড়া পোৱালি বা কুকুৰাৰ মাংসও অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয়। সাধাৰণতে মাংসখিনি কুটি বা সৰু আকাৰৰ টুকুৰা কৰি লোৱা হয়। "মংশ্বেৰ ঘুগনি" বা "মাংস কিমা ঘুগনি" [[কলিকতা|কলকাতা]] "ট্ৰেডমাৰ্ক" হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="food.ndtv.com">{{Cite web|title=Ghugni: The Iconic Street Side Snack Bengal Can't Do Without|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/ghugni-the-iconic-street-side-snack-bengal-cant-do-without-1727634|access-date=2020-10-02|website=NDTV Food|date=18 October 2018|archivedate=2021-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510081149/https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/ghugni-the-iconic-street-side-snack-bengal-cant-do-without-1727634|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name="poughkeepsiejournal.com">{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Rinku|title=Try ghugni instead of chili|url=https://www.poughkeepsiejournal.com/story/life/food/recipes/2015/02/02/try-ghugni-instead-chili/22780385/|access-date=2020-10-02|website=Poughkeepsie Journal|language=en-US}}</ref> ==অসমত ঘুগনি== পূব ভাৰতৰ দৰে অসমতো ঘুগনি এক জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইয়াক অসমত সততে ঘুগুনি বুলি কোৱা হয়। অসমীয়া লোকে সাধাৰণতে বগা বা সেউঅজীয়া মটৰমাহৰ ঘুগনি খায়। ইয়াক তৰকাৰীৰ ৰূপতে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। সাধাৰণতে অসমত পুৱৰ আহাৰ বা জলপানৰ সৈতে ভাজি<ref>Slurp, https://slurrp.club/assamese-recipes/ghugni/@{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>হিচাপে আৰু ষ্ট্ৰীট ফুড হিচাপে জনপ্ৰিয়। পুৱা পুৰি, লুচি, ৰুটি, পৰঠা আদিৰ সৈতে গ্ৰেভি ঘুগুনি জনপ্ৰিয়। পুৱাৰ যিকোনো ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্টত ঘুগুনি মজুত থাকে। পুৰি/পৰঠা/ৰুটি-ঘুগুনিৰ সৈতে কেতিয়াবা বিলাহীৰ টক আৰু আচাৰ আদি থাকে। আনহাতে ষ্ট্ৰীটফুড হিচাপে ঘুগুনিৰ ৰূপ ভিন্ন। ইয়াত ঘুগুনি ষ্টীল, কাগজ, গছৰ পাত আদিৰ সৰু সৰু দ বাটিত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। প্ৰথমে ঘুগুনিখিনি বাটিত দি তাৰ ওপৰত গ্ৰাহকৰ ফৰমাইচ অনুসৰি সিজোৱা কণী, পিঁ‌য়াজি, পকোড়া, চিংৰা, কচুৰি বা অন্য স্নেকছ দিয়া হয়। শেষত ওপৰত কেঁ‌চা পিঁ‌য়াজ, ধনিয়া, জলকীয়া কুটি চাট মচলা ছটিয়াই ইয়াক গ্ৰাহকলৈ বুলি আগবঢ়োৱা হয়। কোনো সময়ত পকোড়া আদি নোহোৱাকৈও ঘুগুনি দিয়া হয়। কেতিয়াবা ইয়াত মিহিকৈ কটা বিলাহী আৰু তিয়ঁহ যোগ কৰা হয়। == বিবিধ সংমিশ্ৰণ == === ঘুগনি আৰু ধূস্কা === বিহাৰ আৰু ঝাৰখণ্ড আৰু পূব-উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ ৰাজ্যত ''ঘুগনি'' প্ৰায়ে ''ধূস্কাৰ'' সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। ধুস্কা দোচাৰ দৰে কিম্বন কৰা চাউল আৰু দালিৰ ডুবাই ভজা ঘোলেৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। ঘুগনি বেছিকৈ ক’লা বুটমাহ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। ঘুগনি আৰু ধূস্কাৰ যুগলবন্দী ভোজপুৰী, [[মগধী ভাষা|মগাধী]] আৰু মৈথিল খাদ্যত জনপ্ৰিয়।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bihari Chana Ghugni with Dhuska|url=https://zeezest.com/recipes/watch-bihari-chana-ghugni-with-dhuska-recipe-by-chef-ajay-chopra-678|accessdate=2023-03-26|work=Zee Zest|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == লগতে চাওক == * [[ছোলে]] * [[ভেল]] ==তথ্যপেৰা== {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগসমূহ == * [http://www.indobase.com/recipes/details/ghugni.php ঘুগনি ৰেচিপি] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090224133102/http://recipe.evergreenbangla.com/ghugni/ বাংলা ৰেচিপি] [[শ্ৰেণী:বঙালী ৰন্ধনশৈলী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:উৰিয়া ৰন্ধনশৈলী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ ৰন্ধনশৈলী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:নিৰামিষ আহাৰ]] 0wowe68rohqjw9bt05b1nwzlzuhbuh6 0 108915 608737 445978 2026-05-26T01:41:21Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=ছায়া কদম </br> Chhaya Kadam|image=Actress Chhaya Kadam at 2024 Cannes Film Festival 3 (cropped 2).jpg|alt=|caption=২০২৪ চনৰ কাঁনৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত ছায়া কদম|birth_place=[[মুম্বাই]], [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]|nationality=ভাৰতীয়|occupation=অভিনেত্ৰী|years_active=২০০৯–বৰ্তমান|spouse=|children=|notable works=[[অল উই ইমাজিন এজ লাইট]], [[লাপাতা লেডিজ]]}} '''ছায়া কদম''' ''({{Lang-en|Chhaya Kadam}}) ''এগৰাকী [[ভাৰতীয়|ভাৰতীয় অভিনেত্ৰী]]৷ তেওঁ প্ৰধানকৈ [[মাৰাঠী ভাষা|মাৰাঠী]] আৰু [[হিন্দী ভাষা|হিন্দী]] ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |title='Redu' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/birthday-special-chhaya-kadams-movies-you-should-not-miss/photostory/66329519.cms?picid=66329540 |access-date=2023-06-23 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[নাগৰাজ মঞ্জুলে]]ৰ ছবি ''ফাণ্ড্ৰি (২০১৩), ছাইৰাট'' (২০১৬)কেপ্ৰমুখ্য কৰি'' ঝুণ্ড (২০২২), ৰেডু (২০১৮)'', ''নুড (Nude)'' (২০১৮)'' আৰু একাধিক মাৰাঠী ছবিত তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰিছে।''<ref>{{Cite web |last=आपटे |first=अंकिता |date=2023-01-18 |title=Chhaya Kadam Interview: सहायक भूमिकाही मुख्य भूमिकेसारखीच करते |url=https://matagold.timesgroup.com/entertainment/interview-with-jhund-and-gangubai-kathiawadifame-actress-chhaya-kama-about-her-journey/1674063063639 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=MaTa Gold |language=mr |archivedate=2023-06-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619183250/https://matagold.timesgroup.com/entertainment/interview-with-jhund-and-gangubai-kathiawadifame-actress-chhaya-kama-about-her-journey/1674063063639 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pawar |first=Yogesh |date=2022-03-07 |title=Chhaya Kadam interview: 'Every role is a challenge' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1018932/chhaya-kadam-interview-every-role-is-a-challenge |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=From Nana Patekar, Swapnil Joshi to Chhaya Kadam; Marathi celebrities who stunned us with their performances! |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/best-of-2018-marathi-celebrities-who-stunned-us-with-their-performances/photostory/67253618.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>'নুড ছবিখনৰ বাবে তেওঁ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ 'মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক চলচ্চিত্ৰ বঁটা' লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title=असा रंगला दिमाखदार 56 वा राज्य मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कार सोहळा, वाचा विजेत्यांची संपूर्ण यादी |url=https://www.timesnowmarathi.com/entertainment/article/maharashtra-state-film-awards-2019-complete-winner-list-mukta-barve-bharat-jadhav-paresh-rawal-vinod-tawde-k-k-menon/252452 |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=www.timesnowmarathi.com |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title='भोंगा'ने पटकावला उत्कृष्ट चित्रपट पुरस्कार |url=https://www.mymahanagar.com/maharashtra/56th-maharashtra-state-film-awards/95297/ |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=My Mahanagar |language=mr-IN}}</ref>কদমে ২০২৪ চনত কমেডী-ড্ৰামা ''[[লাপাতা লেডিজ]]'', ''মাদগাঁও এক্সপ্ৰেছ'' আৰু স্বতন্ত্ৰ ড্ৰামা [[অল উই ইমাজিন এজ লাইট]]ত অভিনয় কৰি বহল স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰে। ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== ছায়া কদমৰ জন্ম হৈছিল মধ্য মুম্বাইৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চল কালিনাৰ এটা মধ্যবিত্ত পৰিয়ালত।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not quite in the shadows |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/just-before-monday/report-not-quite-in-the-shadows-2619104 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ দেউতাক কাৰখানাৰ শ্ৰমিক আছিল। তেওঁ পিতৃক [[ছাই বাবা]]ৰ অন্যতম ন্যাসৰক্ষক হিচাপে উল্লেখ কৰিছে।.<ref>{{Cite web |title='मेरे साई' मालिकेत काम करणं खुद्द देवानंच दिलेला एक संकेत |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/popular-marathi-actress-chhaya-kadam-to-enter-mere-sai/articleshow/78271425.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> দ্বাদশ শ্ৰেণীত অনুত্তীৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ সন্দৰ্ভত তেওঁ কৈছিল, "জীৱনত সফলতা আৰু বিফলতা আহে, কিন্তু সেয়া নিৰুৎসাহিত হোৱাৰ কোনো কাৰণ নহয়। কাৰণ জীৱনত নিজকে প্ৰমাণ কৰাৰ দ্বিতীয়টো সুযোগ পায়। কিন্তু জীৱনটো দ্বিতীয়বাৰৰ বাবে নাহে৷ কোৱা হয় যে, পৰীক্ষাত বিফল হোৱাৰ বাবে কিছুমান শিক্ষাৰ্থীয়ে আত্মহত্যাৰ পথ বাছি লয়৷"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chaya Kadam |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-sairat-fame-actress-chhaya-kadam-share-her-experience-about-12th-exam-5726965-PHO.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=2022-06-08 |title=Result : निकाल काहीही येवो, निराश होऊ नका; 'हे' दिग्गजही परीक्षेत नापास पण जीवनात मात्र टॉपर |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/education/maharashtra-hsc-result-dont-despair-after-result-nagraj-manjule-chhaya-kadam-failed-exam-but-topper-in-life-1067430 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref> ভিলে পাৰ্লেৰ সথায়ে কলেজত পঢ়ি ছায়া কদমে ৰাজ্যিক পৰ্যায়ত কাবাডী খেলি টেক্সটাইল ডিজাইনত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। হাইস্কুল আৰু কলেজৰ সময়ছোৱাত তেওঁ মঞ্চত অনুষ্ঠান পৰিৱেশন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-22 |title=Ground Beneath Her Feet |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/chhaya-kadam-fandry-ravi-jadhav-nude-5146997/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৯ চনত চলচ্চিত্ৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ আগতে ছায়াই মঞ্চত নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁ ৱামান কেন্দ্ৰৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা ''জুলভা'' ছবিখনৰ জৰিয়তে মঞ্চত অভিষেক ঘটায়৷ তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমখন ছবি ''বাইমানুছ (২০১০)-এ এ''তিয়ালৈকে মুক্তি লাভ নকৰিলে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The journey of an actor can never stop |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/the-journey-of-an-actor-can-never-stop-says-chhaya-kadam-from-the-show-mere-sai-147785 |access-date=2024-11-05 |archivedate=2023-06-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622181037/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/the-journey-of-an-actor-can-never-stop-says-chhaya-kadam-from-the-show-mere-sai-147785 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছতে মি সিন্ধুতাই সাপকাল (২০১০), বাবু বন্দ বাজা (২০১১), আৰু কুনি ঘৰ দেতা কা ঘৰ (২০১৩) আদি ছবি। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম হিন্দী ছবি আছিল ''সিংঘম ৰিটাৰ্নছ'' (২০১৩), য'ত তেওঁৰ [[অজয় দেৱগন|অজয় ​​দেৱগন]]ৰ সৈতে একক দৃশ্য আছিল।[2]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-26 |title=ग्रामीण प्रेक्षक, सर्वसामान्य लोक यांच्या जीवावरच मी मोठी झाले, अभिनेत्रीने व्यक्त केल्या भावना |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/the-general-audience-made-me-big-says-actress-chhaya-kadam/articleshow/78785039.cms |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> নাগৰাজ মঞ্জুলেৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''ফাণ্ড্ৰি (২০১৩)'' ছবিখনত তেওঁৰ এটা প্ৰধান চৰিত্ৰ আছিল। তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বঁটা বিজয়ী ছবিখনত নানীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰি সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ ''হাইৱে (২০১৫)'' আৰু ''গৌৰ হৰি দস্তান (২০১৫)'' ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ ২০১৬ চনত নাগৰাজ মঞ্জুলেৰ ''ছাইৰা''ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল৷ ছবিখনে সমালোচকৰ ব্যাপক প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰে। ছবিখনত এগৰাকী হায়দৰাবাদী তেলেগু ডোছাৰ দোকানী হিচাপে তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ বাবে শ্বুটিঙৰ কেমেৰামেনসকলৰ পৰা তেওঁ তেলেগু শিকিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-24 |title=सोशल मीडियावर सैराट मधल्या 'सुमन अक्का'च्या स्टायलिश लूकला मिळते अधिक पसंती |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/sairat-fame-suman-akka-aka-chhaya-kadam-been-liked-very-much-fans-over-social-media-check-her-a591/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> ছবিখনৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ ''শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰী – মাৰাঠী''ৰ ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ আতুমগিৰি (২০১৭), হালাল (২০১৭), আৰু হাম্পি (২০১৭) আদি ছবিত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনত ৰবি যাদৱৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''ন্যুড'' তেওঁ ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে। গোৱাত অনুষ্ঠিত ভাৰতীয় আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত এই ছবিখনৰ প্ৰডাকচন হাউচ জি ষ্টুডিঅ’ বিপদত পৰে। মহোৎসৱত ভাৰতীয় পেনোৰামা শাখাৰ মুকলি শিৰোনাম হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হোৱাৰ পিছতো তথ্য আৰু সম্প্ৰচাৰ মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ নিৰ্দেশত ছবিখন বাদ দিয়া হয়। অৱশেষত [[কেন্দ্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ প্ৰামাণীকৰণ পৰিষদ|কেন্দ্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ প্ৰামাণীকৰণ পৰিষদে]] ছবিখনক প্ৰাপ্তবয়স্কৰ প্ৰমাণপত্ৰৰ সৈতে অনুমোদন জনায় আৰু ছবিখনত কোনো ধৰণৰ কৰ্তন নকৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raman |first=Sruthi Ganapathy |date=2018-03-09 |title=Ravi Jadhav on 'Nude': 'We are saying a lot of things, but we are doing it subtly' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/871347/ravi-jadhav-on-nude-we-are-saying-a-lot-of-things-but-we-are-doing-it-subtly |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2017-11-14 |title=Watch: The trailer of Ravi Jadhav's 'Nude', which IFFI has refused to screen |url=https://scroll.in/reel/857869/watch-the-trailer-of-ravi-jadhavs-nude-which-iffi-has-refused-to-screen |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> মুক্তিৰ লগে লগে ছবিখনে সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰে আৰু কদমে তেওঁৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবে প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-28 |title=Movie Review: Nude |url=https://www.nagpurtoday.in/movie-review-nude/04282042 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Nagpur Today : Nagpur News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thombare |first=Suparna |title=Nude review: Strong performances drive this evocative tale |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/nude-18899 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326101536/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/nude-18899 |url-status=live |archive-date=March 26, 2019 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এই ছবিখনে ২০১৮ চনৰ নিউয়ৰ্ক ইণ্ডিয়ান চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত ''শ্ৰেষ্ঠ চলচ্চিত্ৰ''ৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marathi film 'Nude' wins the 'Best Film' award at the New York Indian Film Festival 2018 |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-marathi-film-nude-wins-the-best-film-award-at-the-new-york-indian-film-festival-2018-2616309 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-27 |title=56 वा मराठी चित्रपट पुरस्कार प्रदान सोहळा दिमाखात |url=https://www.jaimaharashtranews.com/mararhi-film-award-2019/ |access-date=2023-06-26 |website=Jaimaharashtra news |language=en |archivedate=2023-06-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626201944/https://www.jaimaharashtranews.com/mararhi-film-award-2019/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ বহু জনপ্ৰিয় আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হোৱা ''ৰেডু'' ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে আৰু ৫৬ সংখ্যক মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক চলচ্চিত্ৰ বঁটাত কেইবাটাও মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-11 |title=Redu bags 10 nominations at State Awards |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/redu-bags-10-nominations-at-state-awards/articleshow/63712313.cms |access-date=2023-06-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2018-05-18 |title='Redu' film review: A short-wave transmission that is limited in ambition |url=https://scroll.in/reel/879398/redu-film-review-a-short-wave-transmission-that-is-limited-in-ambition |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lookhar |first=Mayur |title=Redu review: Entertaining tale of loss with fine acting, visuals |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/redu-31242 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326083008/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/redu-31242 |url-status=live |archive-date=March 26, 2019 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> তেওঁ ''অন্ধাধুন'' (২০১৮) আৰু ''জেলিয়া (২০১৮)'' ছবিত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ দ্বাৰা অভিনীত ২০২২ চনত মুক্তি পোৱা ''নয় বৰণভাট লঞ্চা কন নয় কঞ্চা''ই ছবিখনৰ ট্ৰেইলাৰে মুক্তিৰ লগে লগে বিতৰ্কৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল। ভাৰতীয় ষ্ট্ৰী শক্তিয়ে ছবিখনৰ ট্ৰেইলাৰত “মহিলা আৰু নাবালকক আক্ৰমণাত্মক ৰূপত চিত্ৰিত কৰা হৈছে” বুলি অভিযোগ কৰে৷ এই অভিযোগ পোৱাৰ পিছতে [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মহিলা আয়োগ]]ৰ অধ্যক্ষই [[তথ্য আৰু সম্প্ৰচাৰ মন্ত্ৰালয়]]লৈ পত্ৰ প্ৰেৰণ কৰি ছবিখনৰ ট্ৰেইলাৰ চেঞ্চৰ কৰিবলৈ অনুৰোধ জনায়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नाय वरनभात लोन्चा कोन नाय कोन्चा |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/nay-varan-bhat-loncha-kon-nay-koncha/moviereview/88929010.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Entertainment |first=Quint |date=2022-01-12 |title=NCW Writes to I&B Ministry to Censor 'Nay Varan Bhat Loncha...' Trailer |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/ncw-notice-writes-ministry-information-broadcasting-nay-varan-bhat-loncha-kon-nay-koncha-marathi-film-censor |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=TheQuint |language=en}}</ref> মুক্তিৰ লগে লগে ছবিখনে বাস্তৱিক কাহিনীভাগৰ বাবে প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰাৰ লগতে তেওঁৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবে সমাদৰো লাভ কৰে। মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ টাইমছৰ কল্পেশৰাজ কুবালে লিখিছে, "বায়েৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰা ছায়া কদমে অভিনয়ৰ দক্ষতাৰে আমাক বাকৰুদ্ধ কৰি তুলিছে। তেওঁৰ শৰীৰৰ ভাষা আৰু মৌখিক আদান-প্ৰদানে ভূমিকাটোক উচ্চ কৰি তোলে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-16 |title=YeRe YeRe Pavsa Marathi Movie: ...म्हणून छाया कदम यांनी स्वीकारला 'येरे येरे पावसा', उद्या येतोय भिजवायला...! |url=https://www.lokmat.com/marathi-cinema/chhaya-kadam-play-jubaidas-role-marathi-movie-yere-yere-pavasa-release-on-17-june-a590/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Lokmat |language=mr}}</ref> তেওঁ ড্ৰামা ''ছয়ৰিক''ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল আৰু বিশিষ্ট ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Seta |first=Keyur |title=Soyrik review: Makarand Mane's experiment is able to keep the audience interested |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/soyrik-46883 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212060936/https://www.cinestaan.com/reviews/soyrik-46883 |url-status=live |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পৰৱৰ্তী দুখন মুক্তিপ্ৰাপ্ত ছবি আছিল বহু প্ৰশংসিত হিন্দী ছবি [[গংগুবাই কোঠেৱালী|গংগুবাই কঠিয়াৱাড়ী]] আৰু ''ঝুণ্ড''। প্ৰথমখন ছবিত [[আলিয়া ভাট|আলিয়া ভাটে]] অভিনীত চৰিত্ৰটোৰ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বী ৰশ্মীবাইৰ ৰূপত তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ''ঝুণ্ড'' আছিল তেওঁৰ সৈতে নাগ্ৰজ মঞ্জুলেৰ তৃতীয়টো সহযোগিতা৷ [[অমিতাভ বচ্চন]]ৰ চৰিত্ৰ বিজয় বৰাডেৰ পত্নীৰ চৰিত্ৰত তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰিছিল। দুয়োটা ভূমিকাৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=अभिनयाचं नाणं खणखणीत असेल, तर ते वाजणारंच...छाया कदम यांच्या अभिनयाचं कौतुक |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/chhaya-kadam-role-in-gangubai-kathiawadi-and-jhund-movie/articleshow/90076735.cms |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Seta |first=Keyur |title=Sanjay Leela Bhansali thinks about work 24x7, says Gangubai Kathiawadi actress Chhaya Kadam |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/feb/7/33199/sanjay-leela-bhansali-thinks-about-work-24x7-says-gangubai-kathiawadi-actress-chhaya-kadam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623022655/https://www.cinestaan.com/articles/2022/feb/7/33199/sanjay-leela-bhansali-thinks-about-work-24x7-says-gangubai-kathiawadi-actress-chhaya-kadam |url-status=live |archive-date=June 23, 2023 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> সেইটো বছৰতে মুক্তি লাভ কৰা আনকেইখনমান চলচ্চিত্ৰ আছিল ''কৌন প্ৰবীণ টাম্বে?, ভাৰত মাজা দেশ আজে, আৰু য়েৰে য়েৰা পৌছা''।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title='येरे येरे पावसा' चित्रपट लवकरच येणार प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला, टीझर पाहिलात का? {{!}} yere yere pausa teaser release milind shinde chhaya kadam sandesh jadhav |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/yere-yere-pausa-teaser-release-milind-shinde-chhaya-kadam-sandesh-jadhav-mrj-95-2933900/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Loksatta |language=mr}}</ref>'' ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ [[কিৰণ ৰাও]]ৰ [[লাপাতা লেডিজ]]ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ==বঁটা আৰু সন্মান== {| class="wikitable" !বৰ্ষ !কাম !বঁটা !শিতান !ফলাফল !তথ্যসূত্ৰ |- | Rowspan="2" |২০১৬ |''সৈৰত'' |মাৰাঠী ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা |শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা-মাৰাঠী |{{nom}} | |- |সৈৰত |মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰচা ফেভাৰিট কন? |প্ৰিয় সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বাবে এম এফ কে বঁটা |{{nom}} | |- |২০১৮ |''নুড'' |মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰচা ফেভাৰিট কন? |প্ৰিয় সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বাবে এম এফ কে বঁটা |{{nom}} | |- |২০১৮ |''নুড'' | rowspan="2" |মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ ৰাজ্যিক চলচ্চিত্ৰ বঁটা |শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰী |{{won}} | |- |২০১৯ |''ৰেডু'' |বিশেষ জুৰী বঁটা |{{Won}} | |- |২০২০ |''আটপাড়ী নাইটছ্'' |ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা-মাৰাঠী |শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বাবে ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা – মাৰাঠী |{{nom}} | |} == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist|30em}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনয় শিল্পী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মাৰাঠী চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দী চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মাৰাঠী ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বঁটা বিজয়ী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ সৈতে জড়িত ব্যক্তি]] == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{IMDb name|id=3777127}} j64a69a08po5hwgs0i5x31hhqs6o3af 0 111622 608725 467966 2026-05-25T20:25:06Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Writing system |name=গৌড়ী লিপি |type=[[আবুগিদা]] |time= c. 900-1300 CE<ref name="salomon"/> |sample= |imagesize= |caption= |fam1=প্ৰটো-চিনাইটিক বৰ্ণমালা |fam2=ফনিচিয়ান বৰ্ণমালা |fam3=আৰামিক বৰ্ণমালা |fam4=[[Brahmi script|ব্ৰাহ্মী]] |fam5=[[Gupta script|গুপ্ত]] |fam6=[[কুটিল লিপি|কুটিল]]<ref name="salomon"/> |sisters= [[কামৰূপী লিপি]], [[Nāgarī script|নাগাৰী]] |children=[[অসমীয়া–বঙালী লিপি]], [[বাংলা বৰ্ণমালা]], [[তিৰহুতা]], [[ওড়িয়া লিপি]] }} '''গৌড়ী লিপি''' ({{lang_en|Gāuṛi script}}), যাক প্ৰটো-বাংলা লিপি<ref name="salomon">{{cite book |last1=Salomon |first1=Richard |title=Indian Epigraphy |date=1998 |page=41|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XYrG07qQDxkC|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-535666-3 }}</ref><ref name="masica">{{cite book |last1=Masica |first1=Colin |title=The Indo-Aryan languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1993 |page=143|isbn=9780521299442 }}</ref> বা প্ৰটো-ওড়িয়া লিপি<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cardona|first1=George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUHfBQAAQBAJ|title=The Indo-Aryan Languages|last2=Jain|first2=Dhanesh|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|isbn=0-7007-1130-9|series=Routledge language family series|place=London|page=487 |quote="Proto-Oriya" }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Tripāṭhī|first=Kunjabihari|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b8MKAQAAIAAJ|title=The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script|publisher=Utkal University|year=1962|page=32 |quote="Proto-Oriya (The Proto-Bengali script script of Bühler)" |access-date=21 March 2021}}</ref> বুলিও জনা যায়, [[ব্ৰাহ্মী লিপি]] পৰিয়ালৰ অন্তৰ্গত [[আবুগিদা]]। গৌড়ী লিপি ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বাংলা-অসমীয়া (পূব নগৰী), [[ওড়িয়া লিপি|ওড়িয়া লিপি]] আৰু [[তিৰহুতা লিপি|তিৰহুতা লিপি]] লিপিলৈ বিকশিত হৈছিল। ===নামকৰণ=== গৌড়ী লিপিৰ নাম দক্ষিণ পূব ভাৰতৰ গৌড় ৰাজ্যৰ গৌড় অঞ্চলৰ নামেৰে জনাজাত হৈছে বুলি জাৰ্মান পণ্ডিত গেয়ৰ্গ বুহলাৰে উল্লেখ কৰিছে। <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Sircar|first=Dineschandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqKw1Mn8WcwC&pg=PA126|title=Studies in the Geography of Ancient and Medieval India|date=1971|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=978-81-208-0690-0|pages=126–127|language=en}}</ref> মধ্যযুগীয় গৌড় অঞ্চল বংগ অঞ্চলৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কিত। এই নাম স্বত্বেও এই লিপি অসম, বিহাৰ, উৰিষ্যা, ঝাৰখণ্ড, নেপালৰ চুবুৰীয়া অংশ আৰু ম্যানমাৰৰ ৰাখাইনতো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। গৌড়ীয় লিপি বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলত বিভিন্ন নামেৰে কোৱা হয় যেনে প্ৰটো-অসমীয়া, প্ৰটো-বঙালী, প্ৰটো-মৈথিলী, প্ৰটো-ওড়ীয়া, যাৰ বাবে সুৰেশচন্দ্ৰ ভট্টাচাৰ্যই এই লিপিৰ বাবে সংক্ষিপ্ত প্ৰটো-বিএএম, প্ৰটো-বিএএমঅ'ৰ দৰে নিৰপেক্ষ নামৰ পৰামৰ্শ দিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite thesis|last=Bhattacharyya|first=Sureshchandra|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29794/|title=The evolution of script in North-Eastern India from C.A.D. 400 to 1200, with special reference to Bengal|date=1969|publisher=ProQuest LLC (2018)|pages=56–58|doi=10.25501/SOAS.00029794|type=phd|language=en|access-date=2025-01-30|archivedate=2023-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325103205/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29794/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ===ইতিহাস=== [[File:Silver coin of Danujamarddana.jpg|thumb|দনুজমৰ্ডনাৰ ৰূপৰ মুদ্ৰা,১৪১৭]] গৌড়ী লিপি প্ৰাচীন পূৱ ভাৰতত চিধাং লিপিৰ উত্তৰ-পূব প্ৰকাৰ হিচাপে প্ৰকাশ হৈছিল, এই লিপি গুপ্ত লিপিৰ পৰা আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে। পণ্ডিত বুহলাৰৰ মতে গৌড়ী (বা প্ৰটো-বঙালী) লিপিৰ বিশেষত্ব হৈছে ইয়াৰ পাক খোৱা আখৰ আৰু হুক বা উলম্বৰ শীৰ্ষত ফোঁপোলা ত্ৰিভুজ। একাদশ শতিকাত বিখ্যাত পাৰ্চী পণ্ডিত আল-বেৰুনীয়ে চিত্ৰনাট্যৰ বিষয়ে লিখিছিল। তেওঁ ভাৰতীয় বৰ্ণমালাৰ বিষয়ে উল্লেখ কৰিছে যে গৌড়ী পূৱ দেশত বা পূৱ অঞ্চলত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। আধুনিক প্ৰাচ্যৰ লিপিসমূহ (বাংলা-অসমীয়া, ওড়িয়া আৰু মৈথিলী) চতুৰ্দশ আৰু পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰ আশে পাশে গৌড়ীৰ পৰা স্পষ্টভাৱে আঁতৰি গৈছিল। যদিও বাংলা, অসমীয়া আৰু মৈথিলী লিপি একে আছিল, ওড়িয়া লিপিত ত্ৰয়োদশ-চতুৰ্দশ শতিকাত এক বক্ৰ শিখৰ দেখুওৱা হৈছিল আৰু ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বিভিন্ন আছিল। ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== [[শ্ৰেণী: লিপি]] 5dnvxuh28dd5pi7oxwjhszayqh0564o 0 114245 608847 478856 2026-05-26T11:28:28Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''থিৰুভাঞ্চেৰী কাভু''' কেৰেলাৰ কান্নুৰ জিলাৰ কুথুপাৰম্বাৰ ওচৰত অৱস্থিত৷ প্ৰাচীন পূজাৰ স্থান য'ত শাকতেয় ৰীতি-নীতি কৰা হয়। শাক্ত আৰু শৈৱ পৰম্পৰাৰ সমন্বয়ৰ বাবে এই মন্দিৰটো উল্লেখযোগ্য। কাশ্মীৰ শৈৱ ধৰ্মৰ সৈতে জড়িত কেৰালাৰ ১৩ টা শক্তি মন্দিৰৰ ভিতৰত ই অন্যতম৷<ref>{{cite web |title=Kashmir Tantrism |url=https://shaivism.net/articles/10.html |website=shaivism.net |access-date=18 May 2024 |archivedate=18 May 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518200552/https://shaivism.net/articles/10.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Text of the Vice-President's address during Rajanaka Puraskar ceremony held at KTDC Samudra, Kovalam Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2012788 |website=Press Information Bureau Government of India |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A Journey through 13 Abodes of Rurujit Kali |url=https://www.indica.today/research/tracing-legacy-kashmiri-tantra-kerala-rurujit-kali/ |website=indica.today |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref> ধ্বংসপ্ৰাপ্ত অৱশিষ্ট বিচাৰি ২০০ বছৰ পূৰ্বে কোট্টাইম ৰাজ্যই মন্দিৰটো পুনৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ''থিৰুভাঞ্চেৰী কাভু'' কোট্টায়ম ৰাজ্যৰ পাঝাছি ৰজাৰ কুলদেৱী।<ref>{{cite web | title= Sri Thiruvanchery Kaavu|url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g12345421-d19784228-r735277568-Sri_Thiruvanchery_Kaavu-Kuthuparamba_Kerala.html |website=Tripadvisor.com |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2012834 | title=Vice President emphasizes the need to explore and rediscover our traditional knowledge systems }}</ref> [[File:The Hindu Goddess Kali LACMA M.2011.5 (1 of 5).jpg|thumb|ভদ্ৰ কালী]] ==মন্দিৰৰ স্থাপত্য== থিৰুভাঞ্জেৰী কাভু ৰুৰুজিত বিধানম নামেৰে জনাজাত কেৰেলাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত মন্দিৰৰ স্থাপত্য অনুসৰি ডিজাইন কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/25289175 |website=Academia.edu |access-date=18 May 2024 |title=The Yāmala-tantras with special reference to the worship of Rurujit. Lecture given during the Sree Vidya-Tanthrika-Upasaka Sangamam 2015. Organised by Sree Vidya Prathishtanam, Kodungallur, Kerala on 13-12-2015 |last1=Sarma |first1=S. a. S. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Temple Architecture |url=http://www.templenet.com/Kerala/kerala_archi.html |website=templenet.com |access-date=18 May 2024}}</ref> মন্দিৰ কমপ্লেক্সত দুটা অভয়াৰণ্য আছে য'ত ভদ্ৰকালি, সপ্তম মথৰুক্কল, গণপতি আৰু বীৰাভদ্ৰ দেৱতা শিৱৰ অভয়াৰণ্যৰ সন্মুখত অৱস্থিত। কলাভৈৰৱ নামেৰে পূজনীয় আৰু দেৱীয়ে লালন-পালন কৰা বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা ক্ষেত্ৰপালকৰ বাবে সুকীয়া অভয়াৰণ্য আছে। ==পৱিত্ৰ বাগিচা== <gallery> File:Sacred grove Thiruvancheri kavu (1).jpg File:Sacred grove Thiruvancheri kavu (2).jpg File:Sacred grove Thiruvancheri kavu (3).jpg File:Sacred grove Thiruvancheri kavu (4).jpg </gallery> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দু দেৱী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:স্থাপত্য]] 4gte2j7pwq7akv1npoqfujcbqr1e7w8 0 115835 608729 534185 2026-05-25T21:34:45Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = চন্দনা মজুমদাৰ | native_name = | native_name_lang = bn | occupation = নেপথ্য কণ্ঠশিল্পী | instrument = | genre = লোক-সংগীত | birth_place = কুমাৰখলি, কুষ্টিয়া জিলা }} '''চন্দনা মজুমদাৰ''' ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]: Chandana Mazumdar) [[লালন|লালন গীতি ধাৰাৰ]] এগৰাকী বাংলাদেশী লোক-গায়িকা।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/multimedia/2015/03/150306_mb_gaangolpo_chandana_majumdar|title=লালনগীতিৰ শিল্পী চন্দনা মজুমদাৰ|website=BBC News বাংলা|language=bn-BD|author=Orchi Oindrila|date=2015-03-06|access-date=2020-01-06}}</ref> মনপুৰা (২০০৯) ছবিৰ বাবে কৰি তেওঁ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ মহিলা নেপথ্য গায়িকাৰ বাংলাদেশ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref name=nfa>{{cite web|url=http://www.fdc.gov.bd/site/page/f3bb17fe-d9ad-4b61-bd8a-5824262691ad/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8|title=জাতীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ পুৰস্কাৰ প্ৰাপ্তদেৰ নামেৰ তালিকা (১৯৭৫-২০১২)|language=bn|trans-title=List of the winners of National Film Awards (1975-2012)|publisher=Bangladesh Film Development Corporation|access-date=25 March 2019|archivedate=23 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211753/http://www.fdc.gov.bd/site/page/f3bb17fe-d9ad-4b61-bd8a-5824262691ad/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AD%E0%A7%AB-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্ম== চন্দনা মজুমদাৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল কুষ্টিয়া জিলাৰ কুমাৰখালিত। তেওঁৰ পিতৃৰ নাম নিৰ্মল চন্দ্ৰ মজুমদাৰ।<ref name=tryst>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-154543|title=A lifelong tryst with folk songs|date=2010-09-16|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2020-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/showbiz/interview/chandana-majumdar-prominent-singer-of-bangladeshi-folk-music-1715539|title=Chandana Majumdar|date=2019-03-16|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2020-01-06}}</ref> তেওঁ প্ৰথমে পিতৃৰ পৰা আৰু পিছলৈ নাজৰুল গায়ক ইয়াকুব আলী খান আৰু লালন গীতৰ গায়ক মোক্সেড আলী শ্বাইৰ পৰা সংগীতৰ শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=tryst/> ১৯৭৯ চনত বাংলাদেশ টেলিভিছন আৰু ১৯৮০ চনত বাংলাদেশ ৰেডিঅ’ৰ কণ্ঠশিল্পী হিচাপে তেওঁ কৰ্মৰত আছিল।<ref name=tryst/> মজুমদাৰে ২০১৩ চনত ফেলানী নামৰ এখন চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ বাবে এটা গীত গাইছিল, কিন্তু কিবা সমস্যাৰ বাবে ছবিখনে মুক্তি লাভ নকৰিলে।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/209261.details|script-title=bn:ফেলানীৰ জন্য গাইলেন চন্দনা মজুমদাৰ|work=Banglanews24.com |language=bn}}</ref> ==এলবাম== * ''বসন্ত বতাসে''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.jaijaidinbd.com/?view=details&type=single&pub_no=984&cat_id=1&menu_id=63&news_type_id=1&news_id=147230&archiev=yes&arch_date=18-10-2014|script-title=bn:নতুন বছৰে চন্দনাৰ অ্যালবাম|work=Jaijaidin|language=bn}}<br>- {{cite news|url=http://www.manobkantha.com/2014/01/16/155235.html|script-title=bn:কিৰণ-চন্দনাৰ দুটি একক অ্যালবাম|work=Manobkantha|language=bn|access-date=2016-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730114711/http://www.manobkantha.com/2014/01/16/155235.html|archive-date=2016-07-30|url-status=dead|title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি|archivedate=2016-07-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730114711/http://www.manobkantha.com/2014/01/16/155235.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> * ''তোমাৰ ঔপাৰ নীলে''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.banglanews24.com/cat/news/141306/url|script-title=bn:কিৰণ চন্দ্ৰ ৰায় এবং চন্দনা মজুমদাৰেৰ নতুন অ্যালবাম|work=BanglaNews24.com|language=bn|access-date=2016-11-27|archive-date=2016-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127153816/http://www.banglanews24.com/cat/news/141306/url|url-status=dead|title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি|archivedate=2016-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127153816/http://www.banglanews24.com/cat/news/141306/url|deadurl=yes}}<br>- {{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-245645|title=Tomar Aupar Neeley: Chandana Majumdar does justice to Lalon's songs|date=2012-08-11|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref> * ''চৌক গেল পাখি ৰে''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/home/printnews/109497/2010-12-06|script-title=bn:বিজয় সৰকাৰ স্মৰণে চন্দনা|work=Kaler Kantho|language=bn|title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি|access-date=2025-02-28|archivedate=2025-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228153407/https://www.kalerkantho.com/home/printnews/109497/2010-12-06|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== ১৯৭৯ চনত লোক-গায়ক কিৰন চন্দ্ৰ ৰয়ৰ সৈতে চন্দনা মজুমদাৰ বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়।<ref name=tryst/> তেওঁলোকৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছে।<ref name=tryst/> ==বঁটা== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; " ! বৰ্ষ!! বঁটা!! প্ৰকাৰ!! চলচ্চিত্ৰ!! ফলাফল |- | ২০০৯ || ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ বঁটা || শ্ৰেষ্ঠ মহিলা নেপথ্য কণ্ঠশিল্পী || ''মনপুৰা''|| {{won}}<ref>{{cite news|title=Monpura best film for 2009|work=bdnews24|location=Dhaka, Bangladesh|date=2011-07-21|url=http://bdnews24.com/entertainment/2011/07/21/monpura-best-film-for-2009|access-date=2015-10-18}}</ref> |- | ২০২১ || ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ বঁটা | শ্ৰেষ্ঠ মহিলা কণ্ঠশিল্পী ||''পদ্ম পুৰাণ''||{{Nominated}} |} ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:বাংলাদেশৰ কণ্ঠশিল্পী]] j7bp94juj0qm40g12kl1mnj1q8x3fy0 0 115915 608738 537405 2026-05-26T01:42:26Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = ছালমা আখতাৰ | image = | native_name = | native_name_lang = bn | birth_name = মৌচুমী আখতাৰ ছালমা | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1991|01|01}} | origin = নওগাঁও, ৰাজশ্বাহী, বাংলাদেশ<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/01/05/d701051402121.htm|title=New voices, unadulterated popularity|author=Khalid-Bin-Habib|date=5 January 2007|access-date=22 July 2017|newspaper=The Daily Star|archivedate=20 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220154809/https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/01/05/d701051402121.htm|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | instrument = | genre = লালন গীতি, পল্লী গীতি | years_active = ২০০৬–বৰ্তমান | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|শিবলী ছাদিক|2011|2016|reason=বিচ্ছেদ}} * {{marriage|ছানানুল্লাহ নুৰ ছাজৰ|2018}} }} }} '''মৌচুমী আখতাৰ ছালমা'''<ref name=poshak>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/bangla/anandadhara/"আজ-স্নেহা-আৰ-আমি-একই-পেশাক-পৰবো"-77305|script-title=bn:"আজ স্নেহা আৰ আমি একই পোশাক পৰবো"|date=15 January 2017|access-date=22 July 2017|newspaper=The Daily Star|language=bn|trans-title="Today me and Sneha will wear the same dress"|author=Zahid Akbar}}</ref> ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]: Moushumi Akhter Salma; জন্ম: ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯১; সাধাৰণতে '''ছালমা আখতাৰ''' নামেৰে পৰিচিত) এগৰাকী বাংলাদেশী লোক-গায়িকা। ২০০৬ চনত এন.টিভিত (NTV) সম্প্ৰচাৰিত দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিক "ক্ল'জআপ ৱান তোমাকেই খুঁজছে বাংলাদেশ"ৰ দ্বিতীয় ছিজনত চনত জয়লাভ কৰি তেওঁ খ্যাতি অৰ্জন কৰে।<ref name=miss>{{cite news|url=http://www.bhorerkagoj.net/online/2017/01/14/318995.php|script-title=bn:‘মেয়েৰ মুখেৰ দিকে তাকালেই শিবলিকে মিস কৰি’|newspaper=Bhorer Kagoj|date=14 January 2017|language=bn|access-date=22 July 2017|title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি|archivedate=8 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003605/http://www.bhorerkagoj.net/online/2017/01/14/318995.php|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== বাংলাদেশৰ খুলনা সংমণ্ডলৰ কুষ্টিয়া জিলাৰ দৌলতপুৰ উপজিলাৰ গংগাৰমপুৰ গাঁৱত ছালমা আখতাৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== চাৰি বছৰ বয়সত ছালমাই বাউল ছাফি মণ্ডলৰ পৰা সংগীতৰ পাঠ ল’বলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁ ছালমাক শাস্ত্ৰীয় আৰু লোক-সংগীত গাবলৈ শিকাইছিল। তেওঁ উস্তাদ সঞ্জীব দেৰ পৰাও সংগীতৰ শিক্ষা লৈছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাৰ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ দূৰদৰ্শনৰ ৰিয়েলিটি অনুষ্ঠান "ক্ল'জআপ ৱান তোমাকেই খুঁজছে বাংলাদেশ"ৰ দ্বিতীয় ছিজনত চনত জয়লাভ কৰি তেওঁ খ্যাতি অৰ্জন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.daily-sun.com/post/114448/Singer-Salma-shows-%E2%80%98unprecedented-love%E2%80%99-to-Ahmed-Imtiaz-Bulbul|title=Singer Salma shows ‘unprecedented love’ to Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul|date=16 February 2016|newspaper=Daily Sun|access-date=4 December 2018|archivedate=12 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212075913/https://www.daily-sun.com/post/114448/Singer-Salma-shows-%E2%80%98unprecedented-love%E2%80%99-to-Ahmed-Imtiaz-Bulbul|deadurl=yes}}</ref> জনপ্ৰিয় সংগীত কোম্পানী ছানীৰ সহযোগত তেওঁ কেইবাটাও সংগীত এলবামো মুকলি কৰিছে। ক্ল’জআপ ৱানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ সময়তে তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমটো একক গীত বনিয়া বন্ধু মুক্তি পাইছিল। ছালমাই ১৮ শতিকাৰ ৰহস্যবাদী [[লালন]] গীতি, বাংলা লোকগীতৰ লগতে আধুনিক বাংলা গীত পৰিবেশন কৰে। আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়তো তেওঁ অনুষ্ঠান পৰিৱেশন কৰিছে।<ref name="set out london">{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/salma-set-head-out-london-1478845|title=‘Salma set to head out for London’|newspaper=The Daily Srar|date=20 October 2017|access-date=20 October 2017}}</ref> ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== ২০১০ চনত দিনাজপুৰ-৬ সমষ্টিৰ বৰ্তমানৰ সংসদৰ সদস্য তথা বৰ্তমানৰ সংসদ সদস্য শিবলী ছাদিকৰ সৈতে ছালমাৰ বিবাহ সম্পন্ন হয়।<ref name=poshak/><ref name=palo>{{cite news|url=http://archive.prothom-alo.com/detail/news/317169|script-title=bn:মেয়েৰ জন্মদিনে সালমা|language=bn|trans-title=Salma at her daughter's birthday|access-date=22 July 2017|date=29 December 2012|work=Prothom Alo}}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> দম্পতীহালৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম হয়। ২০১৬ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত তেওঁলোকৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ হয়।<ref name=poshak/> ২০১৮ চনত তেওঁৰ পুনৰ বিবাহ হয়, আৰু দ্বিতীয় বিবাহত আন এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তানৰ মাতৃ হয়।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1662485.bdnews|script-title=bn:ফেৰ মা হলেন সালমা|work=bdnews24.com|language=bn|access-date=16 September 2019|date=7 September 2019|title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি|archivedate=15 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915120757/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1662485.bdnews|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==বঁটা== বাংলাদেশ চলচ্চিত্ৰ সাংবাদিক সমিতিৰ পৰা তেওঁক শ্ৰেষ্ঠ মহিলা গায়িকাৰ বাচাছাস বঁটা (Bachsas Awards) প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:বাংলাদেশৰ কণ্ঠশিল্পী]] rwizq9ux5ygdjs2zzuzem538di00gu3 0 123152 608713 568898 2026-05-25T19:24:44Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = গুল পানাগ | image = Gul Panag snapped at Pataal Lok Season 2 trailer launch (cropped).jpg | caption = ২০২৫ চনত পানাগ | birth_name = গুলকিৰট কৌৰ পানাগ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1979|1|3}}<ref name=official /> <!-- Please don't change the DoB. Gul Panag confirmed her DoB with the passport.--> | othername = গুল পানাগ-আট্টাৰী | birth_place = [[চণ্ডীগড়]], ভাৰত<ref name="Dhawan, 2014">{{cite news |last1=Dhawan |first1=Himanshi |title=AAP ups the glamour quotient with Gul Panag |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/AAP-ups-the-glamour-quotient-with-Gul-Panag/articleshow/31870374.cms |access-date=23 September 2016 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=TNN |date=12 March 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160922201720/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/AAP-ups-the-glamour-quotient-with-Gul-Panag/articleshow/31870374.cms |archive-date=22 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | spouse = {{marriage|ঋষি আট্টাৰী|2011}} | parents = এইচ্ছ এচ পানাগ (পিতৃ) | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, ভয়ছ এক্ট্ৰেছ, মডেল | years active = ২০০৩–বৰ্তমান | height = ৫ ফুট ৬ ইঞ্চি | website = {{URL|https://www.gulpanag.net}} | party = [[আম আদমী পাৰ্টি]] | children = ১ }} '''গুলকিৰাট কৌৰ পানাগ''' ({{Lang-en|Gul Panag}}; জন্ম: ৩ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৭৯) এগৰাকী [[ভাৰতীয়]] অভিনেত্ৰী, ভয়ছ আৰ্টিষ্ট আৰু মডেল। তেওঁ ১৯৯৯ চনত [[ফেমিনা মিছ ইণ্ডিয়া]] ইউনিভাৰ্ছৰ মুকুট পিন্ধে আৰু ১৯৯৯ চনত [[মিছ ইউনিভাৰ্ছ]]ত ভাৰতক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰে। ২০০৩ চনত পানাগে নাগেশ কুকুনুৰৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''ধূপ'' ছবিৰে [[হিন্দী ভাষা|হিন্দী]] ছবিত কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে আৰু তেতিয়াৰ পৰাই টিভি ধাৰাবাহিক কাশ্মীৰৰ উপৰি ''জুৰম''ৰ দৰে কেইবাখনো ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title='Kashmeer' - Guns and Roses |url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k3/kashmeer.htm |publisher=Indiantelevision |access-date=30 November 2010 |archive-date=22 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622063459/http://www.indiantelevision.com/special/y2k3/kashmeer.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> তেওঁৰ ছবিসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে ড’ৰ, ধূপ, মনোৰামা ছিক্স ফিট আণ্ডাৰ, হেলো, ষ্ট্ৰেইট, আৰু আব টাক ছপ্পন ২। ২০০৬ চনত নাগেশ কুকুনুৰৰ ছবি ড’ৰত স্বামীক ফাঁচীৰ পৰা বচাবলৈ কঠোৰভাৱে যুঁজ দিয়া এগৰাকী সাধাৰণ মানুহৰ চৰিত্ৰত গুল পানাগে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০০৮ চনত তেওঁ ''হেলো'' আৰু ''ছামাৰ'' ''২০০৭'' ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০০৯ চনত তেওঁ ''ষ্ট্ৰেইট'' ত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০০৮ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত তেওঁ মেক্সিমৰ প্ৰথম পৃষ্ঠাত স্থান লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Gul Panag's sexy makeover!">{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/09slid1.htm |title=Gul Panag's sexy makeover! |publisher=[[Rediff]] |access-date=4 November 2008 |archive-date=10 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710194812/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/sep/09slid1.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BED ' BUTTER">{{cite news |url=http://www.maximindia.in/girls/Cover_Girls/173129/gul_panag.html |title=Gul Panag amazing Maxim photoshoot |date=September 2008 |publisher=Maxim India |access-date=4 November 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325215646/http://www.maximindia.in/girls/Cover_Girls/173129/gul_panag.html |archive-date=25 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archivedate=25 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325215646/http://www.maximindia.in/girls/Cover_Girls/173129/gul_panag.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেখেতে ''ছাৰ্ছা'' নামৰ ছবিখনৰ জৰিয়তে [[পঞ্জাবী ভাষা|পাঞ্জাবী]] চিনেমাত অভিষেক ঘটায়।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cinemapunjabi.com/films/sarsa |title=Archived copy |access-date=27 August 2012 |archive-date=9 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009101730/http://www.cinemapunjabi.com/films/sarsa |url-status=live |archivedate=9 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009101730/http://www.cinemapunjabi.com/films/sarsa |deadurl=yes }}</ref>২০১৪ চনৰ [[লোকসভা|লোকসভা নিৰ্বাচন]]ৰ বাবে [[চণ্ডীগড়]]ৰ পৰা [[আম আদমি পাৰ্টী|আম আদমী পাৰ্টি]]ৰ প্ৰাৰ্থী আছিল। <ref name="PANDHER">{{cite news |last=PANDHER |first=SARABJIT |title=Gul Panag declared AAP candidate from Chandigarh |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gul-panag-declared-aap-candidate-from-chandigarh/article5780965.ece |access-date=14 March 2014 |newspaper=The HINDU |date=14 March 2014 |archive-date=15 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140315131603/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/gul-panag-declared-aap-candidate-from-chandigarh/article5780965.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== পানাগে [[পঞ্জাব, ভাৰত|পঞ্জাৱ]]ৰ ছাংগ্ৰুৰত শিক্ষা আৰম্ভ কৰে।<ref name="yahoo">{{cite web |title=Gul Panag Biography |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Gul-Panag/biography-4728.html |publisher=[[Yahoo! Movies]] |access-date=30 November 2010 |archive-date=14 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514145633/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Gul-Panag/biography-4728.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=14 May 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514145633/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/artists/Gul-Panag/biography-4728.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ লেফটেনেণ্ট জেনেৰেল পানাগ [[ভাৰতীয় সেনা|সেনা]]বাহিনীত আছিল আৰু পৰিয়ালটো সমগ্ৰ ভাৰত আৰু বিদেশৰ বিভিন্ন ঠাইলৈ অহা-যোৱা কৰিবলগীয়া হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত তেওঁ কেন্দ্ৰীয় বিদ্যালয় (চণ্ডিগড়, মহৌ, লেহ, ৱেলিংটন, [[তামিলনাডু]]), দ্য লৰেন্স স্কুল, লাভডেল আৰু জাম্বিয়াৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিক লুছাকা বিদ্যালয়কে ধৰি ১৪খন ভিন্ন বিদ্যালয়ত অধ্যয়ন কৰে।<ref name="yahoo"/> পাটিয়ালাৰ পাঞ্জাবী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা [[গণিত]]ত স্নাতক আৰু চণ্ডীগড়ৰ পঞ্জাব বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা [[ৰাজনীতি|ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান]]ত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="yahoo"/> ছাত্ৰ হিচাপে পানাগ ক্ৰীড়া আৰু [[ৰাজহুৱা বক্তৃতা|ৰাজহুৱা]] [[ৰাজহুৱা বক্তৃতা|বক্তৃতা]]ৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী আছিল। বাৰ্ষিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আন্তঃবিশ্ববিদ্যালয় বিতৰ্ক প্ৰতিযোগিতাত দুটা সোণৰ পদককে ধৰি ৰাজ্য আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ বহুতো বিতৰ্ক প্ৰতিযোগিতাত তেওঁ জয়ী হয়।<ref name="official">{{cite web |title=About Gul |url=http://www.gulpanag.net/about_gul_panag.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704210017/http://www.gulpanag.net/about_gul_panag.php |archive-date=4 July 2010 |access-date=23 August 2012 |publisher=Gul Panag&nbsp;– Official website |archivedate=4 July 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704210017/http://www.gulpanag.net/about_gul_panag.php |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Why Gul Panag doesn't want to be a star overnight |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2003/nov/07gul.htm |publisher=[[Rediff]] |author=Ronjita Kulkarni |access-date=30 November 2010 |archive-date=22 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622041123/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2003/nov/07gul.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== ===মডেলিং=== ১৯৯৯ চনত পানাগে মিছ ইণ্ডিয়াৰ খিতাপ লাভ কৰে, আৰু একেখন প্ৰতিযোগিতাতে মিছ বিউটিফুল স্মাইলৰ মুকুট পিন্ধে।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/beauty-pageants/miss-india/miss-indias-who-made-it-to-bollywood/50-Years-of-Miss-India-Miss-Indias-who-made-it-to-Bollywood/articleshow/19092847.cms |title=50 Years of Miss India: Miss Indias who made it to Bollywood |website=The Times of India |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314180854/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/beauty-pageants/miss-india/miss-indias-who-made-it-to-bollywood/50-Years-of-Miss-India-Miss-Indias-who-made-it-to-Bollywood/articleshow/19092847.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/ThrowbackThursday-When-Gul-Panag-won-Miss-India-1999/ThrowbackThursday-When-Gul-Panag-won-Miss-India-1999/eventshow/47910783.cms |title=#ThrowbackThursday: When Gul Panag won Miss India 1999 - BeautyPageants |website=Femina Miss India |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314180414/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/ThrowbackThursday-When-Gul-Panag-won-Miss-India-1999/ThrowbackThursday-When-Gul-Panag-won-Miss-India-1999/eventshow/47910783.cms |url-status=live |archivedate=14 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314180414/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/ThrowbackThursday-When-Gul-Panag-won-Miss-India-1999/ThrowbackThursday-When-Gul-Panag-won-Miss-India-1999/eventshow/47910783.cms |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ১৯৯৯ চনৰ মিছ ইউনিভাৰ্ছ প্ৰতিযোগিতাত তেওঁ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===ব্ৰেণ্ডৰ লগত=== টেলিভিছন আৰু ছপা মাধ্যমত অসংখ্য বিজ্ঞাপনত অভিনয় কৰা পানাগে [[আমিৰ খান]]ৰ সৈতে [[টাটা স্কাই]]ৰ ব্ৰেণ্ড এম্বেছাদৰ হয়। ২০০৯ চনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা উইলছ লাইফষ্টাইল ইণ্ডিয়া ফেশ্বন উইকৰ বাবে পানাগ আছিল [[টুইটাৰ]] ফেচ৷<ref>{{cite news |title=Gul: Twitter face for WIFW |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Gul-Twitter-face-for-WIFW/articleshow/5145445.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=30 November 2010 |date=22 October 2009 |archive-date=25 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091025191649/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Gul-Twitter-face-for-WIFW/articleshow/5145445.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> ===সামাজিক কৰ্ম=== [[File:Gul Panag, cast of 'Fatso' arrives to sell tickets at PVR, Juhu (6) (cropped).jpg|thumb|২০১২ চনত জুহুত পানাগ]] গুল পানাগে কৰ্ণেল শ্বামশ্বেৰ সিং ফাউণ্ডেশ্যন,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.womensweb.in/2015/05/interview-with-gul-panag/ |title=Interview With Gul Panag {{!}} Meet The Original Livewire |date=18 May 2015 |work=Women's Web: For Women Who Do |access-date=20 September 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529233616/http://www.womensweb.in/2015/05/interview-with-gul-panag/ |url-status=live |archivedate=29 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529233616/http://www.womensweb.in/2015/05/interview-with-gul-panag/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> পৰিচালনা কৰে, যিটো এটা বেচৰকাৰী সংস্থা যিয়ে [[লিংগ সমতা]], শিক্ষা আৰু দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনাকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন কাৰণৰ দিশত কাম কৰে। তেওঁ ৱকহাৰ্ড ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ পৰামৰ্শদাতা ব'ৰ্ডত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gul-on-advisory-board-of-wockhardt-foundation/616712/ |title=Gul on advisory board of Wockhardt Foundation |date=10 May 2010 |newspaper=The Indian Express |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316080833/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gul-on-advisory-board-of-wockhardt-foundation/616712/ |url-status=live}}</ref> তেওঁ ভাৰত দুৰ্নীতি বিৰোধী আন্দোলনতো অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/politics/actress-gul-panag-joins-aap-to-contest-polls-from-chandigarh-1433067.html |title=Actress Gul Panag joins AAP, to contest polls from Chandigarh |date=3 March 2014 |publisher=Firstpost |access-date=16 March 2014 |archive-date=14 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314093011/http://www.firstpost.com/politics/actress-gul-panag-joins-aap-to-contest-polls-from-chandigarh-1433067.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত দিল্লী হাফ মাৰাথনত দৌৰিছিল যদিও ইভেণ্টত পুৰুষ দৌৰবিদৰ পৰা [[ইভ-টিজিং]] ([[যৌন নিৰ্যাতন]]) সহ্য কৰিছিল। পিছলৈ তেওঁ মন্তব্য কৰে যে দিল্লীত পুৰুষৰ মনোভাৱ সলনি হোৱাৰ প্ৰয়োজন আৰু চহৰখন মহিলাৰ বাবে অসুৰক্ষিত।<ref>Sharma, Kalpana (27 November 2010). [http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/Kalpana_Sharma/article917408.ece Unsafe for women?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129085417/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/Kalpana_Sharma/article917408.ece |date=29 November 2010 }}. ''[[The Hindu]]''. Retrieved 2010-11-27.</ref> ===ৰাজনৈতিক জীৱন=== [[২০১৪ৰ ভাৰতৰ সাধাৰণ নিৰ্বাচন|২০১৪ চনৰ ভাৰতীয় সাধাৰণ নিৰ্বাচন]]ৰ বাবে চণ্ডীগড়ৰ পৰা তেওঁ [[আম আদমি পাৰ্টী|আম আদমি পাৰ্টি]]ৰ প্ৰাৰ্থী আছিল।<ref name="PANDHER"/> তৃতীয় স্থানত ১,০৮,৬৭৯ টা ভোট লাভ কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে প্ৰতিদ্বন্দী [[কিৰণ খেৰ|কিৰণ খেৰে]] ১,৯১,৩৬২ টা ভোটেৰে নিৰ্বাচনত জয়ী হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Election results: BJP's Kirron Kher wins from Chandigarh, Naveen Jindal finishes third |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Election-results-BJPs-Kirron-Kher-wins-from-Chandigarh-Naveen-Jindal-finishes-third/articleshow/35213795.cms |date=16 May 2014 |access-date=16 May 2014 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=16 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516142954/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Election-results-BJPs-Kirron-Kher-wins-from-Chandigarh-Naveen-Jindal-finishes-third/articleshow/35213795.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> === অন্যান্য অনুৰাগ === পানাগ এগৰাকী হাফ মাৰাথন দৌৰবিদ, বাইকাৰ, প্ৰমাণিত পাইলট। [[স্পেইন]]ৰ কাটালনিয়াৰ চাৰ্কিট ডি কালাফাটত মহিন্দ্ৰা ৰেচিঙৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ নতুন এম৪ইলেক্ট্ৰ'ত ৰেচিং ট্ৰেকত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটায়।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/290417/after-becoming-a-pilot-gul-panag-is-now-indias-first-woman-to-race-formula-e-car.html|title=After becoming a pilot, Gul Panag is now India's first woman to race in Formula E|date=29 April 2017|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=14 March 2018|language=en|archive-date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314181821/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/bollywood/290417/after-becoming-a-pilot-gul-panag-is-now-indias-first-woman-to-race-formula-e-car.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/Gul-Panag-s-MobieFit-to-Roll-Out-New-Fitness-Apps-in-the-Next-Quarter/20-04-2017-116710/|title=Gul Panag s MobieFit to Roll Out New Fitness Apps in the Next Quarter|last=Dar|first=Vaishali|work=BW Disrupt|access-date=14 March 2018|language=en|archive-date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314174534/http://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/Gul-Panag-s-MobieFit-to-Roll-Out-New-Fitness-Apps-in-the-Next-Quarter/20-04-2017-116710/|url-status=live}}</ref> এগৰাকী [[ভাৰতত মহিলাৰ স্বাস্থ্য|স্বাস্থ্য কৰ্মী]] আৰু ফিটনেছৰ সমৰ্থক গুল পানাগে ২০১৭ চনত স্বাস্থ্য আৰু ফিটনেছ ষ্টাৰ্টআপ মবিফিটৰ সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vccircle.com/gul-panag-cofounded-health-and-fitness-startup-mobiefit-raises-1-35-mn/|title=Gul Panag-cofounded health and fitness startup MobieFit raises $1.35 mn|date=28 November 2017|work=VCCircle|access-date=14 March 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=14 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314181620/https://www.vccircle.com/gul-panag-cofounded-health-and-fitness-startup-mobiefit-raises-1-35-mn/|url-status=live}}</ref> গুল পানাগ টিটাৰ লজ প্ৰডাকচন প্ৰাইভেট লিমিটেডৰ পৰিচালক, যিয়ে ডিজিটেল, টেইলাৰ-মেইড টিভি কণ্টেণ্ট, চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু [[তথ্যচিত্ৰ]]ৰ বিষয়বস্তু প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tittarlodgeproductions.com/news-media/gul-panag-turns-producer|title=Gul Panag turns producer|website=tittarlodgeproductions.com|date=21 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212004919/http://tittarlodgeproductions.com/news-media/gul-panag-turns-producer|archive-date=12 February 2020|access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref> ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== ২০১১ চনৰ ১৩ মাৰ্চত চণ্ডীগড়ৰ [[গুৰুদ্বাৰ]]ত পাঞ্জাবী শিখৰ পৰম্পৰাগত অনুষ্ঠানত পানাগে তেওঁৰ দীৰ্ঘদিনীয়া প্ৰেমিক বিমান পাইলট ঋষি আত্তাৰীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Gul Panag opts for Band, Baaja, Bullet |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/gul-panag-opts-for-band-baaja-bullet/762218/ |work=The Indian Express |date=14 March 2011 |access-date=14 March 2011 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012023622/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/gul-panag-opts-for-band-baaja-bullet/762218 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gul Panag To Marry Her Boyfriend |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?section=Movies&Id=ENTEN20110171231&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=91092 |publisher=NDTV Movies |access-date=12 March 2011 |author=Mid-Day.com |date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315081759/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?section=Movies&Id=ENTEN20110171231&keyword=bollywood&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&nid=91092 |archive-date=15 March 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> দম্পতীটোৰ নিহাল নামৰ এজন পুত্ৰ আছে।<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/gul-panags-adorable-picture-with-son-nihal-and-husband-rishi-attari-is-unmissable/articleshow/65259618.cms |title=Gul Panag's adorable picture with son Nihal and husband Rishi Attari is unmissable - Times of India |work=The Times of India |access-date=20 September 2018 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804145447/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/gul-panags-adorable-picture-with-son-nihal-and-husband-rishi-attari-is-unmissable/articleshow/65259618.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> == বঁটা == * ২০০৭ চনত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বাবে টাই - জি চিনে ক্ৰিটিক্স বঁটা, ডৰৰ বাবে [[আয়েশা টাকিয়া]]ৰ সৈতে যুটীয়াভাৱে গ্ৰহণ * ২০২০ - মনোনীত – শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰী (নাট্য ধাৰাবাহিক)ৰ বাবে [[ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা|ফিল্মফেয়াৰ]] অ'টিটি বঁটা - পাতাল লোক ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist|30em}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় অভিনয় শিল্পী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দী চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দী টেলিভিছনৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় মডেল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মডেল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনৈতিক ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ নাৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:পঞ্জাবী চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] qtrwu09yvoplpfwf3wx5xs00ochi087 0 128999 608741 602261 2026-05-26T03:24:10Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Under construction}} {{multiple image |width = 300 | direction = vertical |image1 = Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg |alt1 = The global map shows sea temperature rises of 0.5 to 1 degree Celsius; land temperature rises of 1 to 2 degrees Celsius; and Arctic temperature rises of up to 4 degrees Celsius. |caption1=বিগত ৫০ বছৰত পৃষ্ঠৰ বায়ুৰ উষ্ণতাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> উত্তৰ মেৰু অঞ্চলত আটাইতকৈ বেছি উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধি পাইছে আৰু সাধাৰণতে স্থলভাগৰ উষ্ণতা সাগৰৰ পৃষ্ঠৰ উষ্ণতাতকৈ অধিক বৃদ্ধি পাইছে। |image2 = Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg |alt2 = Timeseries of global warming from 1880 to 2020 compared to simulated temperatures given only natural forcing. The first shows a positive trend since around 1950 and the second stays relatively flat. |caption2 = ঔদ্যোগিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত পৃথিৱীৰ গড় পৃষ্ঠ বায়ুৰ উষ্ণতা প্ৰায় ১.৫ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছ (প্ৰায় ২.৫ ডিগ্ৰী ফাৰেনহাইট) বৃদ্ধি পাইছে। প্ৰাকৃতিক শক্তিয়ে কিছু পৰিৱৰ্তনশীলতা সৃষ্টি কৰে যদিও ২০ বছৰৰ গড়ে মানুহৰ কাৰ্যকলাপৰ প্ৰগতিশীল প্ৰভাৱ দেখুৱাইছে।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref> }} <!--Please do not change the content in the lead section without first proposing the change on the talk page, and please limit overall length to under 500 words.--> বৰ্তমান সময়ত '''জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন''' ({{Lang-en|Climate change}})ৰ ভিতৰত '''গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধি''' ({{Lang-en|Global warming}})—গোলকীয় গড় উষ্ণতা ক্ৰমাগত বৃদ্ধি—আৰু পৃথিৱীৰ জলবায়ু তন্ত্ৰত ইয়াৰ বহল প্ৰভাৱ দুয়োটাই অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। বহল অৰ্থত জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ ভিতৰত পৃথিৱীৰ [[জলবায়ু]]ৰ পূৰ্বৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী পৰিৱৰ্তনসমূহো অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। আধুনিক যুগৰ বিশ্বৰ উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিৰ কাৰণ হৈছে মানুহৰ কাৰ্যকলাপ, বিশেষকৈ [[শিল্প বিপ্লৱ]]ৰ পিছৰ পৰা [[জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধন]] ([[কয়লা]], তেল আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক গেছ)ৰ দহন।<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |s2cid=239032360 |doi-access=free |issn = 1748-9326}}</ref> জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধনৰ ব্যৱহাৰ, [[বনাঞ্চল ধ্বংস আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন|বনাঞ্চল ধ্বংস]], আৰু কিছুমান কৃষি আৰু ঔদ্যোগিক পদ্ধতিৰ দ্বাৰা সেউজ গৃহ গেছ নিৰ্গত হয়।<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> এই গেছবোৰে সূৰ্যৰ পোহৰৰ পৰা পৃথিৱীয়ে উষ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত বিকিৰণ কৰা [[সেউজ গৃহ প্ৰভাৱ|তাপৰ কিছু অংশ শোষণ]] কৰি নিম্ন বায়ুমণ্ডল উষ্ণ কৰি তোলে। গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিৰ প্ৰধান কাৰক [[কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইড]] গেছৰ ঘনত্ব প্ৰাক-ঔদ্যোগিক যুগৰ পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০% বৃদ্ধি পাই লাখ লাখ বছৰ ধৰি দেখা নোপোৱা মাত্ৰাত উপনীত হৈছে।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref> জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনে পৰিৱেশৰ ওপৰত ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বৃহৎ প্ৰভাৱ পেলায়। মৰুভূমিৰ প্ৰসাৰ ঘটিছে, আনহাতে তাপ প্ৰবাহ আৰু বনজুই অধিক সাধাৰণ হৈ পৰিছে।<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=7}}: "Since the pre-industrial period, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature (high confidence). Climate change... contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions (high confidence)." * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> আৰ্কটিকত বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উষ্ণতাই পাৰ্মাফ্ৰষ্ট গলি যোৱা, হিমবাহৰ পিছুৱাই যোৱা আৰু সাগৰীয় বৰফৰ হ্ৰাসত অৰিহণা যোগাইছে।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> অধিক উষ্ণতাৰ বাবেও অধিক তীব্ৰ ধুমুহা, খৰাং আৰু অন্যান্য বতৰৰ চৰম পৰিস্থিতিৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে।<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref> পৰ্বত, প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰ আৰু উত্তৰ মেৰু অঞ্চলৰ দ্ৰুত পৰিৱেশ পৰিৱৰ্তনে বহু প্ৰজাতি স্থানান্তৰিত হ’বলৈ বা বিলুপ্ত হ’বলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছে।<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> ভৱিষ্যতে উষ্ণতা কম কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা সফল হ’লেও কিছুমান প্ৰভাৱ শতিকাজুৰি চলি থাকিব। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত সাগৰৰ উত্তাপ, সাগৰৰ অম্লীয়কৰণ আৰু সাগৰৰ জলপৃষ্ঠ বৃদ্ধি।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref> জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনে মানুহক বানপানী বৃদ্ধি, অতি উত্তাপ, খাদ্য আৰু পানীৰ অভাৱ বৃদ্ধি, অধিক ৰোগ আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক ক্ষতিৰ ভাবুকি কঢ়িয়াই আনিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> মানৱ প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰু সংঘৰ্ষও ইয়াৰ পৰিণতি হʼব পাৰে।<ref> *{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}} *{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}} *{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> [[বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা]]ই জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনক একবিংশ শতিকাৰ বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্যৰ বাবে অন্যতম বৃহৎ ভাবুকি বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছে।<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> উষ্ণতা সীমিত কৰাৰ কোনো ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ নকৰাকৈ সমাজ আৰু পৰিৱেশ তন্ত্ৰই অধিক ভয়াৱহ বিপদৰ সন্মুখীন হ’ব।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> বান নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব্যৱস্থা বা খৰাং প্ৰতিৰোধী শস্যৰ দৰে প্ৰচেষ্টাৰ জৰিয়তে জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ লগত খাপ খুৱাই লোৱাটোৱে জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ আশংকা আংশিকভাৱে হ্ৰাস কৰে যদিও ইতিমধ্যে অভিযোজনৰ কিছু সীমাত উপনীত হৈছে।<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness¹⁵ of adaptation in reducing climate risks¹⁶ is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> বিশ্বৰ নিৰ্গমনৰ সামান্য অংশৰ বাবে দৰিদ্ৰ সম্প্ৰদায়সমূহ দায়ী, তথাপিও তেওঁলোকৰ খাপ খুৱাব পৰা ক্ষমতা কম আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ প্ৰতি অতি দুৰ্বল।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref> <noinclude>{{multiple image | perrow = 1 / 2 | total_width = 300 | image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg | alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020 | image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg | alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral | image4 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg | alt4 = A dry lakebed in California, which is experiencing its worst megadrought in 1,200 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> | footer = জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ কিছুমান প্ৰভাৱৰ উদাহৰণ: তাপ আৰু খৰাঙৰ ফলত বনজুই তীব্ৰতৰ হৈ পৰে, সাগৰীয় গৰমৰ ঢৌৰ বাবে প্ৰবালৰ ব্লিচিং অধিক সঘনাই হোৱা আৰু খৰাং পৰিস্থিতিৰ অৱনতি ঘটি পানী যোগানত আপোচ কৰা। }} </noinclude> একবিংশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথম দশকবোৰত জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ বহুতো প্ৰভাৱ দেখা গৈছে, ১৮৫০ চনত নিয়মীয়া অনুসৰণ আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ পিছত ২০২৪ চনত +১.৬০ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছ (২.৮৮ ডিগ্ৰী ফাৰেনহাইট)ত সৰ্বাধিক উষ্ণতা দেখা গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> অতিৰিক্ত উষ্ণতাই এই প্ৰভাৱ বৃদ্ধি কৰিব আৰু টিপিং পইণ্টৰ সূচনা কৰিব পাৰে, যেনে গ্ৰীনলেণ্ডৰ সকলো বৰফৰ তৰপ গলি যোৱা।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ পেৰিছ চুক্তিৰ অধীনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহে সামূহিকভাৱে উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধি কৰি ৰাখিবলৈ সন্মত হয় "২ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছৰ বহু তলত"। কিন্তু চুক্তিখনৰ অধীনত দিয়া প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতিৰ ফলত শতিকাৰ শেষলৈকে গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিয়ে প্ৰায় ২.৮ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছ (৫.০ ডিগ্ৰী ফাৰেনহাইট) পৰ্যন্ত হ’ব।<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8&nbsp;°C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6&nbsp;°C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref> জলবায়ু সম্পৰ্কীয় ব্যৱস্থাৰ প্ৰতি বিশ্বজুৰি ব্যাপক সমৰ্থন আছে,<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> আৰু বেছিভাগ দেশেই কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইড নিৰ্গমন বন্ধ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছে।<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধনক ৰাজসাহায্য দিয়া বন্ধ কৰি, শক্তি সংৰক্ষণ কৰি আৰু বিশেষ কাৰ্বন প্ৰদূষণ উৎপন্ন নকৰা শক্তিৰ উৎসলৈ সলনি কৰি পৰ্যায়ক্ৰমে বন্ধ কৰিব পাৰি। এই শক্তিৰ উৎসসমূহৰ ভিতৰত [[বতাহ শক্তি|বতাহ]], [[সৌৰ শক্তি|সৌৰ]], জল আৰু [[পাৰমাণৱিক শক্তি]] আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> পৰিষ্কাৰভাৱে উৎপাদিত বিদ্যুতে পৰিবহণ, অট্টালিকা গৰম কৰা আৰু ঔদ্যোগিক প্ৰক্ৰিয়া চলোৱাৰ বাবে জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধনৰ ঠাই লʼব পাৰে।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> বায়ুমণ্ডলৰ পৰাও কাৰ্বন আঁতৰাব পাৰি, উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে বনাঞ্চলৰ আৱৰণ বৃদ্ধি কৰি আৰু মাটিত কাৰ্বন জমা কৰা পদ্ধতিৰে খেতি কৰিব পাৰি।<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats|url= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02238-1 |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D |access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == {{reflist|22em}} === উৎস === {{Free-content attribution | title = The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview | author = FAO | publisher = FAO | page numbers = | source = | documentURL = https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5060en | licence statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf | license = CC BY-SA 3.0 }} ==== IPCC reports ==== {{refbegin}} '''Fourth Assessment Report''' <!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} links to this citation. --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2007 |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis |series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=S. |editor-last1=Solomon |editor-first2=D. |editor-last2=Qin |editor-first3=M. |editor-last3=Manning |editor-first4=Z. |editor-last4=Chen |editor-first5=M. |editor-last5=Marquis |editor-first6=K. B. |editor-last6=Averyt |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Tignor |editor-first8=H. L. |editor-last8=Miller |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html |isbn=978-0-521-88009-1 }} <!-- # --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=H. |last1=Le Treut |first2=R. |last2=Somerville |first3=U. |last3=Cubasch |first4=Y. |last4=Ding |first5=C. |last5=Mauritzen |first6=A. |last6=Mokssit |first7=T. |last7=Peterson |first8=M. |last8=Prather |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |pages=93–127 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 8: Climate Models and their Evaluation |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=D. A. |last1=Randall |first2=R. A. |last2=Wood |first3=S. |last3=Bony |first4=R. |last4=Colman |first5=T. |last5=Fichefet |first6=J. |last6=Fyfe |first7=V. |last7=Kattsov |first8=A. |last8=Pitman |first9=J. |last9=Shukla |first10=J. |last10=Srinivasan |first11=R. J. |last11=Stouffer |first12=A. |last12=Sumi |first13=K. E. |last13=Taylor |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |pages=589–662 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=G. C. |last1=Hegerl |first2=F. W. |last2=Zwiers |first3=P. |last3=Braconnot |author-link3=Pascale Braconnot |first4=N. P. |last4=Gillett |first5=Y. |last5=Luo |first6=J. A. |last6=Marengo Orsini |first7=N. |last7=Nicholls |first8=J. E. |last8=Penner |first9=P. A. |last9=Stott |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |pages=663–745 }} <!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} links to this citation. --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2007 |title=Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=M. L. |editor-last1=Parry |editor-first2=O. F. |editor-last2=Canziani |editor-first3=J. P. |editor-last3=Palutikof |editor-first4=P. J. |editor-last4=van der Linden |editor-first5=C. E. |editor-last5=Hanson |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html |isbn=978-0-521-88010-7 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2018-11-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110071159/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 19: Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter19.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=S. H. |last1=Schneider |first2=S. |last2=Semenov |first3=A. |last3=Patwardhan |first4=I. |last4=Burton |first5=C. H. D. |last5=Magadza |first6=M. |last6=Oppenheimer |first7=A. B. |last7=Pittock |first8=A. |last8=Rahman |first9=J. B. |last9=Smith |first10=A. |last10=Suarez |first11=F. |last11=Yamin |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} |pages=779–810 }} <!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} links to this citation. --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2007 |title=Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change |series=Contribution of Working Group III to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=B. |editor-last1=Metz |editor-first2=O. R. |editor-last2=Davidson |editor-first3=P. R. |editor-last3=Bosch |editor-first4=R. |editor-last4=Dave |editor-first5=L. A. |editor-last5=Meyer |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html |isbn=978-0-521-88011-4 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2014-10-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012170817/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 1: Introduction |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter1.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=H.-H. |last1=Rogner |first2=D. |last2=Zhou |first3=R. |last3=Bradley |first4=P. |last4=Crabbé |first5=O. |last5=Edenhofer |first6=B. |last6=Hare |first7=L. |last7=Kuijpers |first8=M. |last8=Yamaguchi |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} |pages=95–116 }} <!-- =========AR5================== --> '''Fifth Assessment report''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}<!-- ipcc:20200215 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2013 |title=Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis |series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor1-first=T. F. |editor1-last=Stocker |editor2-first=D. |editor2-last=Qin |editor3-first=G.-K. |editor3-last=Plattner |editor4-first=M. |editor4-last=Tignor |editor5-first=S. K. |editor5-last=Allen |editor6-first=J. |editor6-last=Boschung |editor7-first=A. |editor7-last=Nauels |editor8-first=Y. |editor8-last=Xia |editor9-first=V. |editor9-last=Bex |editor10-first=P. M. |editor10-last=Midgley |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge, UK & New York |isbn=978-1-107-05799-9 <!-- ISBN in printed source is incorrect. --> |url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf <!-- Same file, new url per IPCC. --> }}. [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis – IPCC] ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013}} |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere and Surface |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2017/09/WG1AR5_Chapter02_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=D. L. |last1=Hartmann |first2=A. M. G. |last2=Klein Tank |first3=M. |last3=Rusticucci |first4=L. V. |last4=Alexander |first5=S. |last5=Brönnimann |first6=Y. |last6=Charabi |first7=F. J. |last7=Dentener |first8=E. J. |last8=Dlugokencky |first9=D. R. |last9=Easterling |first10=A. |last10=Kaplan |first11=B. J. |last11=Soden |first12=P. W. |last12=Thorne |first13=M. |last13=Wild |first14=P. M. |last14=Zhai |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=159–254 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter03_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Rhein |first2=S. R. |last2=Rintoul |first3=S. |last3=Aoki |first4=E. |last4=Campos |first5=D. |last5=Chambers |first6=R. A. |last6=Feely |first7=S. |last7=Gulev |first8=G. C. |last8=Johnson |first9=S. A. |last9=Josey |first10=A. |last10=Kostianoy |first11=C. |last11=Mauritzen |first12=D. |last12=Roemmich |first13=L. D. |last13=Talley |first14=F. |last14=Wang |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=255–315 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=V. |last1=Masson-Delmotte |first2=M. |last2=Schulz |first3=A. |last3=Abe-Ouchi |first4=J. |last4=Beer |first5=A. |last5=Ganopolski |first6=J. F. |last6=González Rouco |first7=E. |last7=Jansen |first8=K. |last8=Lambeck |first9=J. |last9=Luterbacher |first10=T. |last10=Naish |first11=T. |last11=Osborn |first12=B. |last12=Otto-Bliesner |first13=T. |last13=Quinn |first14=R. |last14=Ramesh |first15=M. |last15=Rojas |first16=X. |last16=Shao |first17=A. |last17=Timmermann |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=383–464 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=N. L. |last1=Bindoff |first2=P. A. |last2=Stott |first3=K. M. |last3=AchutaRao |first4=M. R. |last4=Allen |first5=N. |last5=Gillett |first6=D. |last6=Gutzler |first7=K. |last7=Hansingo |first8=G. |last8=Hegerl |first9=Y. |last9=Hu |first10=S. |last10=Jain |first11=I. I. |last11=Mokhov |first12=J. |last12=Overland |first13=J. |last13=Perlwitz |first14=R. |last14=Sebbari |first15=X. |last15=Zhang |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=867–952 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 12: Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter12_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Collins |first2=R. |last2=Knutti |first3=J. M. |last3=Arblaster |first4=J.-L. |last4=Dufresne |first5=T. |last5=Fichefet |first6=P. |last6=Friedlingstein |first7=X. |last7=Gao |first8=W. J. |last8=Gutowski |first9=T. |last9=Johns |first10=G. |last10=Krinner |first11=M. |last11=Shongwe |first12=C. |last12=Tebaldi |first13=A. J. |last13=Weaver |first14=M. |last14=Wehner |pages=1029–1136 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} }} <!----------------AR5 Working Group II Report --> {{anchor|{{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2|2014}}}} <!-- For the entire AR5 WG2 report --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects |series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=C. B. |editor-last1=Field |editor-first2=V. R. |editor-last2=Barros |editor-first3=D. J. |editor-last3=Dokken |editor-first4=K. J. |editor-last4=Mach |editor-first5=M. D. |editor-last5=Mastrandrea |editor-first6=T. E. |editor-last6=Bilir |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Chatterjee |editor-first8=K. L. |editor-last8=Ebi |editor-first9=Y. O. |editor-last9=Estrada |editor-first10=R. C. |editor-last10=Genova |editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Girma |editor-first12=E. S. |editor-last12=Kissel |editor-first13=A. N. |editor-last13=Levy |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=MacCracken |editor-first15=P. R. |editor-last15=Mastrandrea |editor-first16=L. L. |editor-last16=White |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05807-1 |url=<!-- ** I haven't added AR5 urls yet as I have not determined which is best. -JJ --> }}. Chapters 1–20, SPM, and Technical Summary. ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 13: Livelihoods and Poverty |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap13_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=L. |last1=Olsson |first2=M. |last2=Opondo |first3=P. |last3=Tschakert |first4=A. |last4=Agrawal |first5=S. H. |last5=Eriksen |first6=S. |last6=Ma |first7=L. N. |last7=Perch |first8=S. A. |last8=Zakieldeen |year=2014 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |pages=793–832 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 18: Detection and Attribution of Observed Impacts |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap18_FINAL.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=W. |last1=Cramer |first2=G. W. |last2=Yohe |first3=M. |last3=Auffhammer |first4=C. |last4=Huggel |first5=U. |last5=Molau |first6=M. A. F. |last6=da Silva Dias |first7=A. |last7=Solow |first8=D. A. |last8=Stone |first9=L. |last9=Tibig |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |pages=979–1037 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 19: Emergent Risks and Key Vulnerabilities |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Oppenheimer |first2=M. |last2=Campos |first3=R. |last3=Warren |first4=J. |last4=Birkmann |first5=G. |last5=Luber |first6=B. |last6=O'Neill |first7=K. |last7=Takahashi |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |pages=1039–1099 }} * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 B|2014}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects |series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=V. R. |editor-last1=Barros |editor-first2=C. B. |editor-last2=Field |editor-first3=D. J. |editor-last3=Dokken |editor-first4=K. J. |editor-last4=Mach |editor-first5=M. D. |editor-last5=Mastrandrea |editor-first6=T. E. |editor-last6=Bilir |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Chatterjee |editor-first8=K. L. |editor-last8=Ebi |editor-first9=Y. O. |editor-last9=Estrada |editor-first10=R. C. |editor-last10=Genova |editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Girma |editor-first12=E. S. |editor-last12=Kissel |editor-first13=A. N. |editor-last13=Levy |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=MacCracken |editor-first15=P. R. |editor-last15=Mastrandrea |editor-first16=L.L |editor-last16=White |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge, UK & New York |isbn=978-1-107-05816-3 |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf }}. Chapters 21–30, Annexes, and Index. ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 28: Polar Regions |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap28_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=J. N. |last1=Larsen |first2=O. A. |last2=Anisimov |first3=A. |last3=Constable |first4=A. B. |last4=Hollowed |first5=N. |last5=Maynard |first6=P. |last6=Prestrud |first7=T. D. |last7=Prowse |first8=J. M. R. |last8=Stone |year=2014 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 B|2014}} |pages=1567–1612 }} <!-- ------------------------------ --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change |series=Contribution of Working Group III to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=O. |editor-last1=Edenhofer |editor-first2=R. |editor-last2=Pichs-Madruga |editor-first3=Y. |editor-last3=Sokona |editor-first4=E. |editor-last4=Farahani |editor-first5=S. |editor-last5=Kadner |editor-first6=K. |editor-last6=Seyboth |editor-first7=A. |editor-last7=Adler |editor-first8=I. |editor-last8=Baum |editor-first9=S. |editor-last9=Brunner |editor-first10=P. |editor-last10=Eickemeier |editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Kriemann |editor-first12=J. |editor-last12=Savolainen |editor-first13=S. |editor-last13=Schlömer |editor-first14=C. |editor-last14=von Stechow |editor-first15=T. |editor-last15=Zwickel |editor-first16=J. C. |editor-last16=Minx |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge, UK & New York, NY |isbn= 978-1-107-05821-7 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 9: Buildings |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter9.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=O. |last1=Lucon |first2=D. |last2=Ürge-Vorsatz |first3=A. |last3=Ahmed |first4=H. |last4=Akbari |first5=P. |last5=Bertoldi |first6=L. |last6=Cabeza |first7=N. |last7=Eyre |first8=A. |last8=Gadgil |first9=L. D. |last9=Harvey |first10=Y. |last10=Jiang |first11=E. |last11=Liphoto |first12=S. |last12=Mirasgedis |first13=S. |last13=Murakami |first14=J. |last14=Parikh |first15=C. |last15=Pyke |first16=M. |last16=Vilariño |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}} }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014}} |chapter=Annex III: Technology-specific Cost and Performance Parameters |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=O. |last1=Edenhofer |first2=R. |last2=Pichs-Madruga |first3=Y. |last3=Sokona |first4=E. |last4=Farahani |first5=S. |last5=Kadner |first6=K. |last6=Seyboth |first7=A. |last7=Adler |first8=I. |last8=Baum |first9=S. |last9=Brunner |first10=P. |last10=Eickemeier |first11=B. |last11=Kriemann |first12=J. |last12=Savolainen |first13=S. |last13=Schlömer |first14=C. |last14=von Stechow |first15=T. |last15=Zwickel |first16=J.C. |last16=Minx |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}} }} * {{cite book |author=IPCC AR5 SYR |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report |series=Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |editor1=The Core Writing Team |editor-first2=R. K. |editor-last2=Pachauri |editor-first3=L. A. |editor-last3=Meyer |publisher=IPCC |place=Geneva, Switzerland |isbn=<!-- no isbn --> |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014}} |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf |year=2014 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014}} }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014}} |chapter=Annex II: Glossary |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_Annexes.pdf |year=2014 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014}} }} <!-- =========SR15================== --> '''Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2018 |title=Global Warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=V. |editor-last1=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first2=P. |editor-last2=Zhai |editor-first3=H.-O. |editor-last3=Pörtner |editor-first4=D. |editor-last4=Roberts |editor-first5=J. |editor-last5=Skea |editor-first6=P. R. |editor-last6=Shukla |editor-first7=A. |editor-last7=Pirani |editor-first8=W. |editor-last8=Moufouma-Okia |editor-first9=C. |editor-last9=Péan |editor-first10=R. |editor-last10=Pidcock |editor-first11=S. |editor-last11=Connors |editor-first12=J. B. R. |editor-last12=Matthews |editor-first13=Y. |editor-last13=Chen |editor-first14=X. |editor-last14=Zhou |editor-first15=M. I. |editor-last15=Gomis |editor-first16=E. |editor-last16=Lonnoy |editor-first17=T. |editor-last17=Maycock |editor-first18=M. |editor-last18=Tignor |editor-first19=T. |editor-last19=Waterfeld |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] |isbn=<!-- not issued? --> |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf }} Global Warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C –. <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2018 |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_SPM_version_report_HR.pdf |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=3–24 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 1: Framing and Context |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter1_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=M. R. |last1=Allen |first2=O. P. |last2=Dube |first3=W. |last3=Solecki |first4=F. |last4=Aragón-Durand |first5=W. |last5=Cramer |first6=S. |last6=Humphreys |first7=M. |last7=Kainuma |first8=J. |last8=Kala |first9=N. |last9=Mahowald |first10=Y. |last10=Mulugetta |first11=R. |last11=Perez |first12=M. |last12=Wairiu |first13=K. |last13=Zickfeld |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=49–91 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5&nbsp;°C in the Context of Sustainable Development |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter2_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=J. |last1=Rogelj |author1-link=Joeri Rogelj |first2=D. |last2=Shindell |first3=K. |last3=Jiang |first4=S. |last4=Fifta |first5=P. |last5=Forster |first6=V. |last6=Ginzburg |first7=C. |last7=Handa |first8=H. |last8=Kheshgi |first9=S. |last9=Kobayashi |first10=E. |last10=Kriegler |first11=L. |last11=Mundaca |first12=R. |last12=Séférian |first13=M. V. |last13=Vilariño |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=93–174 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5&nbsp;°C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter3_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=O. |last1=Hoegh-Guldberg |first2=D. |last2=Jacob |first3=M. |last3=Taylor |first4=M. |last4=Bindi |first5=S. |last5=Brown |first6=I. |last6=Camilloni |first7=A. |last7=Diedhiou |first8=R. |last8=Djalante |first9=K. L. |last9=Ebi |first10=F. |last10=Engelbrecht |first11=J. |last11=Guiot |first12=Y. |last12=Hijioka |first13=S. |last13=Mehrotra |first14=A. |last14=Payne |first15=S. I. |last15=Seneviratne |first16=A. |last16=Thomas |first17=R. |last17=Warren |first18=G. |last18=Zhou |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=175–311 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 4: Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter4_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=H. |last1=de Coninck |first2=A. |last2=Revi |first3=M. |last3=Babiker |first4=P. |last4=Bertoldi |first5=M. |last5=Buckeridge |first6=A. |last6=Cartwright |first7=W. |last7=Dong |first8=J. |last8=Ford |first9=S. |last9=Fuss |first10=J.-C. |last10=Hourcade |first11=D. |last11=Ley |first12=R. |last12=Mechler |first13=P. |last13=Newman |first14=A. |last14=Revokatova |first15=S. |last15=Schultz |first16=L. |last16=Steg |first17=T. |last17=Sugiyama |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=313–443 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 5: Sustainable Development, Poverty Eradication and Reducing Inequalities |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter5_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=J. |last1=Roy |first2=P. |last2=Tschakert |first3=H. |last3=Waisman |first4=S. |last4=Abdul Halim |first5=P. |last5=Antwi-Agyei |first6=P. |last6=Dasgupta |first7=B. |last7=Hayward |first8=M. |last8=Kanninen |first9=D. |last9=Liverman |first10=C. |last10=Okereke |first11=P. F. |last11=Pinho |first12=K. |last12=Riahi |first13=A. G. |last13=Suarez Rodriguez |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=445–538 }} <!-- =========SRCCL ============================ --> '''Special Report: Climate change and Land''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=P. R. |editor-last1=Shukla |editor-first2=J. |editor-last2=Skea |editor-first3=E. |editor-last3=Calvo Buendia |editor-first4=V. |editor-last4=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first5=H.-O. |editor-last5=Pörtner |editor-first6=D. |editor-last6=C. Roberts |editor-first7=P. |editor-last7=Zhai |editor-first8=R. |editor-last8=Slade |editor-first9=S. |editor-last9=Connors |editor-first10=R. |editor-last10=van Diemen |editor-first11=M. |editor-last11=Ferrat |editor-first12=E. |editor-last12=Haughey |editor-first13=S. |editor-last13=Luz |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=Neogi |editor-first15=M. |editor-last15=Pathak |editor-first16=J. |editor-last16=Petzold |editor-first17=J. |editor-last17=Portugal Pereira |editor-first18=P. |editor-last18=Vyas |editor-first19=E. |editor-last19=Huntley |editor-first20=K. |editor-last20=Kissick |editor-first21=M. |editor-last21=Belkacemi |editor-first22=J. |editor-last22=Malley |year=2019 |title=IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf |publisher=In press }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/02_Summary-for-Policymakers_SPM.pdf |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} |pages=3–34 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |chapter=Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/05_Chapter-2.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=G. |last1=Jia |first2=E. |last2=Shevliakova |first3=P. E. |last3=Artaxo<!-- 'Artaxo-Netto'? --> |first4=N. |last4=De Noblet-Ducoudré |first5=R. |last5=Houghton |first6=J. |last6=House |first7=K. |last7=Kitajima |first8=C. |last8=Lennard |first9=A. |last9=Popp |first10=A. |last10=Sirin |first11=R. |last11=Sukumar |first12=L. |last12=Verchot |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} |pages=131–247 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |chapter=Chapter 5: Food Security |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/08_Chapter-5.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=C. |last1=Mbow |first2=C. |last2=Rosenzweig |first3=L. G. |last3=Barioni |first4=T. |last4=Benton |first5=M. |last5=Herrero |first6=M. V. |last6=Krishnapillai |first7=E. |last7=Liwenga |first8=P. |last8=Pradhan |first9=M. G. |last9=Rivera-Ferre |first10=T. |last10=Sapkota |first11=F. N. |last11=Tubiello |first12=Y. |last12=Xu |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} |pages=437–550 }} <!-- =========SROCC ============================ --> '''Special Report: The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2019 |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=H.-O. |editor-last1=Pörtner |editor-first2=D. C. |editor-last2=Roberts |editor-first3=V. |editor-last3=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first4=P. |editor-last4=Zhai |editor-first5=M. |editor-last5=Tignor |editor-first6=E. |editor-last6=Poloczanska |editor-first7=K. |editor-last7=Mintenbeck |editor-first8=A. |editor-last8=Alegría |editor-first9=M. |editor-last9=Nicolai |editor-first10=A. |editor-last10=Okem |editor-first11=J. |editor-last11=Petzold |editor-first12=B. |editor-last12=Rama |editor-first13=N. |editor-last13=Weyer |title=IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate |publisher=In press |isbn=<!-- Not yet assigned --> |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/SROCC_FullReport_FINAL.pdf }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/03_SROCC_SPM_FINAL.pdf |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}} |pages=3–35 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |chapter=Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/08_SROCC_Ch04_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Oppenheimer |first2=B. |last2=Glavovic |first3=J. |last3=Hinkel |first4=R. |last4=van de Wal |first5=A. K. |last5=Magnan |first6=A. |last6=Abd-Elgawad |first7=R. |last7=Cai |first8=M. |last8=Cifuentes-Jara |first9=R. M. |last9=Deconto |first10=T. |last10=Ghosh |first11=J. |last11=Hay |first12=F. |last12=Isla |first13=B. |last13=Marzeion |first14=B. |last14=Meyssignac |first15=Z. |last15=Sebesvari |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}} |pages=321–445 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Ch5|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |chapter=Chapter 5: Changing Ocean, Marine Ecosystems, and Dependent Communities |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/09_SROCC_Ch05_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=N. L. |last1=Bindoff |first2=W. W. L. |last2=Cheung |first3=J. G. |last3=Kairo |first4=J. |last4=Arístegui |first5=V. A. |last5=Guinder |first6=R. |last6=Hallberg |first7=N. J. M. |last7=Hilmi |first8=N. |last8=Jiao |first9=Md S. |last9=Karim |first10=L. |last10=Levin |first11=S. |last11=O'Donoghue |first12=S. R. |last12=Purca Cuicapusa |first13=B. |last13=Rinkevich |first14=T. |last14=Suga |first15=A. |last15=Tagliabue |first16=P. |last16=Williamson |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}} |pages=447–587 }} '''Sixth Assessment Report''' * {{Cite book |ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} |author = IPCC |author-link = IPCC |year = 2021 |title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis |series = Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|Sixth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors = 4 |editor1-first = V. |editor1-last = Masson-Delmotte |editor2-first = P. |editor2-last = Zhai |editor3-first = A. |editor3-last = Pirani |editor4-first = S. L. |editor4-last = Connors |editor5-first = C. |editor5-last = Péan |editor6-first = S. |editor6-last = Berger |editor7-first = N. |editor7-last = Caud |editor8-first = Y. |editor8-last = Chen |editor9-first = L. |editor9-last = Goldfarb |editor10-first = M. I. |editor10-last = Gomis |publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] (In Press) |place = Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US |url = https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport_small.pdf }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021}} |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2021 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021}} |chapter=Technical Summary |last1=Arias |first1=Paola A. |last2=Bellouin |first2=Nicolas |last3=Coppola |first3=Erika |last4=Jones |first4=Richard G. |last5=Krinner |first5=Gerhard |display-authors=4 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_TS.pdf |year=2021 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} }} ** {{Cite book| ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021}}| chapter = Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system| last1 = Gulev| first1 = Sergey K.| last2 = Thorne| first2 = Peter W.| last3 = Ahn| first3 = Jinho| last4 = Dentener| first4 = Frank J.| last5 = Domingues| first5 = Catia M.| last6 = Gerland| first6 = Sebastian| last7 = Gong| first7 = Daoyi| last8 = Kaufman| first8 = Darrell S.| last9 = Nnamchi| first9 = Hyacinth C.| last10 = Quaas| first10 = Johannes| last11 = Rivera| first11 = Juan Antonio| last12 = Sathyendranath| first12 = Shubha| last13 = Smith| first13 = Sharon L.| last14 = Trewin| first14 = Blair| last15 = von Shuckmann| first15 = Karina| last16 = Vose| first16 = Russell S.| title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change| chapter-url = https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_02.pdf| display-authors = 4| year = 2021}} ** {{Cite book | ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021}} | chapter = Chapter 4: Future Global Climate: Scenario-Based Projections and Near-Term Information | last1 = Lee | first1 = June-Yi | last2 = Marotzke | first2 = Jochem | last3 = Bala | first3 = Govindasamy | last4 = Cao | first4 = Long | last5 = Corti | first5 = Susanna | last6 = Dunne | first6 = John P. | last7 = Engelbrecht | first7 = Francois | last8 = Fischer | first8 = Erich M. | last9 = Fyfe | first9 = John C. | last10 = Jones | first10 = Christopher D. | last11 = Maycock | first11 = Amanda C. | last12 = Mutemi | first12 = Joseph | last13 = Ndiaye | first13 = Ousmane | last14 = Panickal | first14 = Swapna | last15 = Zhou | first15 = Tianjun | title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | chapter-url = https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-4/ | display-authors = 4 | year = 2021 }} ** {{Cite book | ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch5|2021}} | chapter = Chapter 5: Global Carbon and other Biogeochemical Cycles and Feedbacks | last1 = Canadell | first1 = Josep G. | last2 = Monteiro | first2 = Pedro M.S. | last3 = Costa | first3 = Marcos H. | last4 = Cotrim da Cunha | first4 = Leticia | last5 = Cox | first5 = Peter | last6 = Eliseev | first6 = Alexey V. | last7 = Ghattas | first7 = Julia | last8 = Ishii | first8 = Masao | last9 = Joos | first9 = Fortunat | last10 = Lenton | first10 = Timothy M. | last11 = Patra | first11 = Prabir K. | last12 = Scholes | first12 = Mary | last13 = Shrestha | first13 = Rajan K. | last14 = Tjiputra | first14 = Jerry | last15 = Zaehle | first15 = Sönke | title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | chapter-url = https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-5/ | display-authors = 4 | year = 2021 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021}} |chapter=Chapter 11: Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate |last1=Seneviratne |first1=Sonia I. |last2=Zhang |first2=Xuebin |last3=Adnan |first3=M. |last4=Badi |first4=W. |last5=Dereczynski |first5=Claudine |last6=Di Luca |first6=Alejandro |last7=Ghosh |first7=S. |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_11.pdf |display-authors=4 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} |year=2021 }} * {{cite book |author=IPCC |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |editor-last1=Pörtner |editor-first1=H.-O. |editor-last2=Roberts |editor-first2=D.C. |editor-last3=Tignor |editor-first3=M. |editor-last4=Poloczanska |editor-first4=E.S. |editor-last5=Mintenbeck |editor-first5=K. |editor-last6=Alegría |editor-first6=A. |editor-last7=Craig |editor-first7=M. |editor-last8=Langsdorf |editor-first8=S. |editor-last9=Löschke |editor-first9=S. |editor-last10=Möller |editor-first10=V. |editor-last11=Okem |editor-first11=A. |editor-last12=Rama |editor-first12=B. |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2022 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022}} |author=IPCC |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=3–33 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.001 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022}} |author=IPCC |chapter=Technical Summary |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_TechnicalSummary.pdf |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=37–118 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.002 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022}} |chapter=Food, Fibre and Other Ecosystem Products |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter05.pdf |last1=Bezner Kerr |first1=R. |last2=Hasegawa |first2=T. |last3=Lasco |first3=R. |last4=Bhatt |first4=I. |last5=Deryng |first5=D. |last6=Farrell |first6=A. |last7=Gurney-Smith |first7=H. |last8=Ju |first8=H. |last9=Lluch-Cota |first9=S. |last10=Meza |first10=F. |last11=Nelson |first11=G. |last12=Neufeldt |first12=H. |last13=Thornton |first13=P. |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=713–906 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.007 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022}} |chapter=Cities, Settlements and Key Infrastructure |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter06.pdf |last1=Dodman |first1=D. |last2=Hayward |first2=B. |last3=Pelling |first3=M. |last4=Castan Broto |first4=V. |last5=Chow |first5=W. |last6=Chu |first6=E. |last7=Dawson |first7=R. |last8=Khirfan |first8=L. |last9=McPhearson |first9=T. |last10=Prakash |first10=A. |last11=Zheng |first11=Y. |last12=Ziervogel |first12=G. |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=907–1040 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.008 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022}} |chapter=Key Risks across Sectors and Regions |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter16.pdf |last1=O'Neill |first1=B. |last2=van Aalst |first2=M. |last3=Zaiton Ibrahim |first3=Z. |last4=Berrang Ford |first4=L. |last5=Bhadwal |first5=S. |last6=Buhaug |first6=H. |last7=Diaz |first7=D. |last8=Frieler |first8=K. |last9=Garschagen |first9=M. |last10=Magnan |first10=A. |last11=Midgley |first11=G. |last12=Mirzabaev |first12=A. |last13=Thomas |first13=A. |last14=Warren |first14=R. |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=2411–2538 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.025 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} * {{cite book |author=IPCC |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022}} |editor-last1=Shukla |editor-first1=P.R. |editor-last2=Skea |editor-first2=J. |display-editors=etal |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ |title=Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. 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--> * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Paris Agreement|2015}} |date=2015 |author=UNFCCC |title=Paris Agreement |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf }} <!-- ## --> * {{cite report |ref = {{harvid|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021}} |author = UNFCCC |date = 26 February 2021 |title = Nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement Synthesis report by the secretariat |url = https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cma2021_02E.pdf |publisher = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] }} <!-- ## --> * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|UNHCR|2011}} |title=Climate Change and the Risk of Statelessness: The Situation of Low-lying Island States |last=Park |first=Susin |date=May 2011 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/4df9cb0c9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502223251/http://www.unhcr.org/4df9cb0c9.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2012 }} * {{cite report |author=United States Environmental Protection Agency |year=2016 |title=Methane and Black Carbon Impacts on the Arctic: Communicating the Science |url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-change-science/methane-and-black-carbon-impacts-arctic-communicating-science_.html |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906225344/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-change-science/methane-and-black-carbon-impacts-arctic-communicating-science_.html |archive-date=6 September 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Van Oldenborgh |first1=Geert-Jan |last2=Philip |first2=Sjoukje |last3=Kew |first3=Sarah |last4=Vautard |first4=Robert |display-authors=etal |date=2019 |website=Semantic Scholar |s2cid=199454488 |title=Human contribution to the record-breaking June 2019 heat wave in France }} * {{cite book |ref=none |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=October 2008 |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |edition=2nd |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-03189-0 |url=http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm |access-date=16 June 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118000413/http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm |archive-date=18 November 2016 }} * {{cite book |ref=none |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=February 2019 |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |edition=online |url=http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618075616/http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm |archive-date=18 June 2020 |author-link=Spencer R. Weart }} ** {{citation|ref={{harvid|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last =Weart |first=Spencer |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191800/http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live }} ** {{citation|ref=none |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last =Weart |first=Spencer |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher =American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live }} *** {{citation|ref={{harvid|Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last =Weart |first=Spencer |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change: Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969) |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2 |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher =American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2 |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live }} ** {{citation|ref={{harvid|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last1=Weart |first1=Spencer |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change (cont.&nbsp;– since 1980) |chapter-url=https://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher =American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191659/http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live }} *** {{citation|ref={{harvid|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |first=Spencer |last=Weart |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988 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|website=UNFCCC |access-date=12 May 2019 |url=https://unfccc.int/process/conferences/what-are-united-nations-climate-change-conferences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512084017/https://unfccc.int/process/conferences/what-are-united-nations-climate-change-conferences |archive-date=12 May 2019 |url-status=live }} ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}} |title=What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? |website=UNFCCC |url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-convention/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change }} * ''[[Union of Concerned Scientists]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}} |date=8 January 2017 |title=Carbon Pricing 101 |website=Union of Concerned Scientists |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/carbon-pricing-101 |access-date=15 May 2020 }} * ''[[Vice (website)|Vice]]'' ** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Vice, 2 May|2019}} |website=Vice |last1=Segalov |first1=Michael |title=The UK Has Declared a Climate Emergency: What Now? |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/uk-climate-emergency-what-does-it-mean/ |access-date=30 June 2019 |date=2 May 2019 }} * ''[[The Verge]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|The Verge, 27 December|2019}} |title=2019 was the year of 'climate emergency' declarations |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=27 December 2019 |website=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/27/21038949/climate-change-2019-emergency-declaration |access-date=28 March 2020 }} * ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Vox, 20 September|2019}} |last1=Roberts |first1=D. |date=20 September 2019 |title=Getting to 100% renewables requires cheap energy storage. But how cheap? |website=Vox |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/8/9/20767886/renewable-energy-storage-cost-electricity |access-date=28 May 2020 }} * ''[[World Health Organization]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|WHO, Nov|2023}} |date=3 November 2023 |title=We must fight one of the world's biggest health threats: climate change |website=World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/we-must-fight-one-of-the-world-s-biggest-health-threats-climate-change |access-date=19 September 2024 }} * ''[[World Resources Institute]]'' ** {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}} |date=8 August 2019 |last1=Levin |first1=Kelly |title=How Effective Is Land At Removing Carbon Pollution? The IPCC Weighs In |website=World Resources institute |url=https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/how-effective-land-removing-carbon-pollution-ipcc-weighs |access-date=15 May 2020 }} ** {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}} |date=8 December 2019 |first1=Frances |last1=Seymour |first2=David |last2=Gibbs |title=Forests in the IPCC Special Report on Land Use: 7 Things to Know |url=https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/forests-ipcc-special-report-land-use-7-things-know/ |website=World Resources Institute }} * ''[[Yale Climate Connections]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}} |title=Yale Researcher Anthony Leiserowitz on Studying, Communicating with American Public |date=2 November 2010 |last=Peach |first=Sara |publisher=Yale Climate Connections |access-date=30 July 2018 |url=https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130823/https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public/ |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live }} {{refend}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{Spoken Wikipedia|date=30 October 2021|En-Climate_change-article.ogg}} {{Scholia}} {{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=no |others=yes |lcheading=Climate change}} * [https://www.ipcc.ch/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: IPCC] ([[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]]) * [https://www.un.org/en/climatechange UN: Climate Change] (UN) * [http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-guide Met Office: Climate Guide] ([[Met Office]]) * [https://www.noaa.gov/climate National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climate] ([[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]) * [https://royalsociety.org/news-resources/projects/climate-change-evidence-causes Royal Society. Climate change: Evidence and causes] ([[Royal Society]]) {{Commons|Climate change}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[শ্ৰেণী: জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন| ]] enttzyjwb36abvq45l1tooveem21ang 0 131625 608631 600754 2026-05-25T13:30:40Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = কিম চে-জং | image = Kim Sejeong in June 2025.png | alt = | caption = ২০২৫ চনৰ জুন মাহত কিম চে-জং | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1996|8|28}} | birth_place = গিমজে, [[দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়া]] | education = হানয়াং মহিলা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = {{hlist|গায়িকা|গীতকাৰ|অভিনেত্ৰী}} | awards = | module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes | genre = কে-পপ | instrument = ভক্‌লচ | years_active = ২০১৬–বৰ্তমান | label = {{hlist|জেলিফিছ|YMC{{Efn-ua|name=labels|I.O.I-ৰ সদস্য হিচাপে মাত্ৰ.<ref>{{cite news|title=I.O.I Dikonfirmasi Siap 'Comeback'|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/hiburan/20190628150239-227-407342/ioi-dikonfirmasi-siap-comeback|work=[[CNN Indonesia]]|language=id|date=June 28, 2019|access-date=August 15, 2019|archive-date=August 15, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815182321/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/hiburan/20190628150239-227-407342/ioi-dikonfirmasi-siap-comeback|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ko:9인조 컴백 I.O.I, 스튜디오 블루-스윙엔터 손 잡았다(공식)|url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=609&aid=0000132158|work=Newsen|language=ko|last=Lee|first=Min-ji|date=July 1, 2019|access-date=August 15, 2019|archive-date=February 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215083613/https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=609&aid=0000132158|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Boram |first1=Park |title=Girl band I.O.I gets back together for new album in Oct.|url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190701009200315|website=Yonhap News Agency|language=en|date=July 2, 2019|access-date=July 2, 2019|archive-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702092726/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20190701009200315|url-status=live}}</ref>}}|ছুৱিং{{Efn-ua|name=labels}}|Studio Blu{{Efn-ua|name=labels}}}} | past_member_of = {{hlist|I.O.I|Gugudan|Gugudan SeMiNa}} }} }} '''কিম চে-জং''' (কোৰিয়ান: '''김세정''':; জন্ম ২৮ আগষ্ট, ১৯৯৬) এগৰাকী দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়ান গায়িকা আৰু অভিনেত্ৰী। এমনেটৰ গাৰ্ল গ্ৰুপ চাৰ্ভাইভেল শ্ব' ''প্ৰডাক্ট ১০১'' ত দ্বিতীয় স্থান লাভ কৰি প্ৰজেক্ট গাৰ্ল গ্ৰুপ ''আইঅ'আই''ৰ সদস্য হয়। জেলিফিছ এণ্টাৰটেইনমেণ্টৰ গাৰ্ল গ্ৰুপ ''গুগুডান''ৰ সদস্য আছিল। বৰ্তমান তেওঁ একক শিল্পী আৰু অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে সক্ৰিয়, টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''স্কুল ২০১৭'' (২০১৭), ''দ্য আনকেনি কাউণ্টাৰ'' (২০২০–২০২৩), ''বিজনেছ প্ৰপ’জেল'' (২০২২), আৰু ''ব্ৰুইং লাভ'' (২০২৪)ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰাৰ বাবে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত। ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== কিম চে-জং ২৮ আগষ্ট, ১৯৯৬ তাৰিখে গিমজে, উত্তৰ জ'ললা প্ৰদেশত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰে, কিন্তু পাছত তেওঁ অনিয়াং, কিয়ংগিলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়, য’ত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মাতৃ আৰু দেউতাৰ ঘৰত থকা মাকৰ ঘৰত থকাৰ সময়ত আছিল। তেওঁৰ মাতৃ-পিতৃ তেওঁ শিশু আছিলে বিভক্ত হৈছিল, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁৰ মাতৃক এককভাৱে তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ দেউতাকলৈ যত্ন ল’ব লগা হৈছিল। তেওঁ আগেয়ে কয়ছিল যে তেওঁ তেওঁৰ দেউতাৰ সৈতে তৃতীয় বছৰ মজুদ বিদ্যালয়ত থকা পৰ্যায়ত মিলিত হোৱা পৰ্যন্ত যোগাযোগ কৰা নাছিল। ডেবিউৰ আগতে, কিম প্ৰাথমিক আৰু মধ্য বিদ্যালয়ত ট্ৰেক আৰু ফিল্ড প্ৰতিযোগিতাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়ত থিয়েটাৰ ক্লাবৰ সদস্য আছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|title=ko:'님과함께2' 김세정 "아버지 중3때 10년 만에 봤다" 가정사 공개|url=http://news.nate.com/view/20160518n04251?mid=n1008|publisher=[[Nate (web portal)|Nate]]|language=ko|date=May 18, 2016|access-date=June 18, 2016|archive-date=February 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203085113/https://news.nate.com/view/20160518n04251?mid=n1008|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ko:김세정 "10년 만에 만난 아빠, 첫인사는 미안"(영상)|url=http://www.dispatch.co.kr/523112|work=[[Dispatch (South Korea)|Dispatch]]|language=ko|date=May 24, 2016|access-date=June 23, 2016|archive-date=July 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702114051/http://www.dispatch.co.kr/523112|url-status=live}}</ref> কিম ''জেলিফিছ এণ্টাৰটেইনমেণ্ট''ৰ অডিশ্যন পাৰ হৈ ৩,০০০ৰপৰা ১ অনুপাতৰ প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ জৰিয়তে ট্ৰেইনি হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|title=ko:김세정, 10대 나이 데뷔...엄마 애정 "김치찌개에 집 생각"|url=http://www.newsinside.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1105982|website=newsinside.kr|language=ko|date=March 30, 2021|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=March 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304075906/http://www.newsinside.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1105982|url-status=live}}</ref> কিমে হানযাং ৱিমেনছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত প্ৰায়োগিক সংগীতৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hong |first=Ji-hoon |date=2021-02-08 |title=ko:김세정 "학력 그렇게 나쁘지 않아" 대학 한양여대 진학 |trans-title=Kim Se-jeong 'Academic background not that bad' goes to Hanyang Women's University |url=http://enter.etoday.co.kr/news/view/197134 |language=ko |work=Biz Entertainment |access-date=2025-03-01}}</ref> ==ভাবমূৰ্তি আৰু প্ৰভাৱ== কিম ''আইঅ'আই'' আৰু ''গুগুডান'' দুয়োটাৰ বাবে গায়িকা আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ মৰমৰ, শক্তিশালী আৰু কম্পমান স্বৰত পৰিচিত, লগতে তেওঁৰ মানসিক আৰোগ্যৰ গানৰ বাবে জনাজাত। কিম গায়নত তেওঁৰ ৰোল মডেল হিচাপে ''আইইউ'', ''গাৰ্লছ জেনেৰেচন''ৰ ''তায়ন'' আৰু ''এলী''ক উল্লেখ কৰে আৰু প্ৰায়ে তেওঁলোকৰ গান অনুশীলন সেশ্যনত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|title=ko:[인터뷰②] '레드북' 김세정 "롤모델은 유준상·아이유, 계속 꿈꾸고 싶어"|url=https://www.mk.co.kr/star/hot-issues/view/2021/08/752105/|website=[[Maeil Business Newspaper]]|language=ko|date=April 4, 2021|access-date=September 26, 2021|archive-date=September 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926071237/https://www.mk.co.kr/star/hot-issues/view/2021/08/752105/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=권|first=우진|title=ko:'놀라운 토요일' 김세정, 태연 관우 수염 분장에 "제 롤모델이신데..."|url=http://www.newsinside.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1102821|website=newsinside.kr|language=ko|date=February 14, 2021|access-date=September 26, 2021|archive-date=September 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926071235/http://www.newsinside.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1102821|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=ko:'판듀2' 김세정, 에일리와 듀엣 후 눈물 "꿈꿔온 무대, 너무 긴장해"|url=https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/11/19/2017111901750.html|website=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|language=ko|date=November 19, 2017|access-date=September 26, 2021|archive-date=September 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926071230/https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/11/19/2017111901750.html|url-status=live}}</ref> কিমক "ফ্লাৱাৰ ৱে"ৰ প্ৰতীক বুলি বহু প্ৰসাৰ আৰু মিডিয়াই কোৱা হয়, কাৰণ তেওঁ প্ৰথম বাছনি পৰ্যায়ত ''প্ৰডাক্ট ১০১''ত প্ৰথম স্থান লাভ কৰাৰ সময়ত তেওঁৰ মাতৃলৈ কৈছিল - "মাত্ৰ এতিয়া পৰা মই আপোনাক ফুলৰ পথতে চলাব দিম।" <ref>{{Cite news|title=[S톡] 김세정, '꽃길' 하면 '세정' 확실한 브랜드 됐다|url=http://www.stardailynews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=188281|website=stardailynews.co.kr|language=ko|date=March 16, 2018|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=September 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926071232/http://www.stardailynews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=188281|url-status=live}}</ref> তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম একক গান ''ফ্লাৱাৰ ৱে'' আছিল, যিটো কিমে তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ বাবে লিখা পত্ৰৰ আধাৰত ''টেলেণ্টছ ফৰ চেল''ত হোষ্ট হিচাপে থাকোঁতে প্ৰস্তুত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|title=ko:김세정x지코 '꽃길', 7개 차트 1위 올킬 '新음원퀸'|url=https://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201611240100206260013884&servicedate=20161123|website=[[Sports Chosun]]|language=ko|date=November 23, 2016|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=September 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926071234/https://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201611240100206260013884&servicedate=20161123|url-status=live|archivedate=September 26, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926071234/https://sports.chosun.com/news/ntype.htm?id=201611240100206260013884&servicedate=20161123|deadurl=yes}}</ref> আগষ্ট ২০২১ত, তেওঁ ২০২১ বৰ্ষৰ ''ব্ৰেণ্ড অৱ দ্য ইয়াৰ এৱাৰ্ডছ''ত বিভিন্ন বিনোদন ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ কাৰ্য্যৰ বাবে মাল্টি-টেইনাৰ এৱাৰ্ড লাভ কৰে, যেনে সংগীত, নাটক, ভেৰাইটি আৰু মিউজিকেল।<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|title=2021 올해의 브랜드 대상|url=https://abk.kcforum.co.kr/2021/|website=kcforum.co.kr|language=ko|date=August 19, 2021|access-date=August 19, 2021|archive-date=July 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714221431/https://abk.kcforum.co.kr/2021/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|title=ko:경이로운 김세정, 2021 올해의 브랜드 대상 '올해의 멀티테이너|trans-title=Kim Se-jeong, 2021 Brand of the Year Grand Prize 'Multitainer of the Year'|url=https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=108&aid=0002982063|work=[[Star News (South Korea)|Star News]]|publisher=[[Naver]]|language=ko|author=Moon Wan-shik|date=August 20, 2021|access-date=August 20, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204114720/https://entertain.naver.com/now/read?oid=108&aid=0002982063|url-status=live}}</ref> সংগীত আৰু অভিনয়ৰ বাহিৰে কিম এগৰাকী খেল-প্ৰেমী আৰু শক্তিশালী দেহৰ বাবে জনাজাত, আৰু তেওঁ বিভিন্ন বিনোদন অনুষ্ঠান আৰু শীৰ্ষকত উপস্থিত হৈ "ষ্ট্ৰং ফিমেল আইডল"ৰ টেগ লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite news|title=ko:김세정, 모두가 놀란 충격 근황..."보디빌더급 근육미?"|url=https://m.news.nate.com/view/20200908n04621|website=[[Nate (web portal)|Nate]]|language=ko|date=September 8, 2020|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204114723/https://m.news.nate.com/view/20200908n04621|url-status=live}}</ref> কিম আৰু তেওঁৰ গোট ''গুগুডান''ত তিনিবাৰ স্বৰ্ণপদক বিজয়ী আৰু ''আইডল ষ্টাৰ আথলেটিক্স চেম্পিয়নশিপ''ৰ মহিলা ধনুৰ্বিদ্যা প্ৰতিযোগিতাত ৰেকৰ্ড হোল্ডাৰ।<ref>{{Cite news|title=ko:'아육대' 구구단 세정X미나, 女 볼링 단체 신기록 달성...발군의 실력 입증|url=http://www.sportsseoul.com/news/read/726513|website=[[Sports Seoul]]|language=ko|date=February 6, 2019|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204114722/https://www.sportsseoul.com/news/read/726513|url-status=live}}</ref> লগতে ''আইঅ'আই'' আৰু ''গুগুডান''ৰ সদস্য ''মিনা''ৰ সৈতে মহিলা বোলিং প্ৰতিযোগিতাত স্বৰ্ণপদক আৰু ৰেকৰ্ড হোল্ডাৰ হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news|title=ko:[어게인TV]"新기록의 연속" 엑소 찬열→아스트로·구구단까지 '체육돌'들의 탄생|url=http://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=201902062007176151468_1|website=pop.heraldcorp.com|language=ko|date=February 7, 2019|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=February 4, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204120250/http://www.heraldpop.com/view.php?ud=201902062007176151468_1|url-status=live}}</ref> ==টোকা== {{Notelist-ua}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{commons category|Kim Se-jeong}} * {{Official website|1=http://www.jelly-fish.co.kr/sub/artist/view.html?idx=34}} [[শ্ৰেণী:দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়ান অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গায়িকা]] ojf8fb2055t65aqythctpu8vaiz6xfl 0 132365 608726 582294 2026-05-25T21:00:15Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''গৰ্বিতা গুলহাটি''' ({{lang-en| Garvita Gulhati; জন্ম: ১৯৯৯/২০০০}})<ref name=":4" /> এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় সামাজিক উদ্যোগী, অভিযন্তা, আৰু Why Waste সংস্থাৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক। বৰ্তমান তেওঁ ৱেষ্টব্ৰিজ কেপিটেলত বিনিয়োগ বিশ্লেষক হিচাপে কাম কৰি আছে। পানী সংৰক্ষণৰ কামৰ বাবে গুলহাতীক ফৰ্বছ ৩০ আণ্ডাৰ ৩০ এছিয়া ২০২১ ৰদ্বাৰা স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হয়।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Garvita Gulhati |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/garvita-gulhati/ |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> গুলহাটীক "ভাৰতৰ জলকন্যা" বুলি জনা যায়।<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Explorer Home |url=https://explorers.nationalgeographic.org/directory/garvita-gulhati |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=explorers.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref> ==মানৱীয় কাম== ১৫ বছৰ বয়সত গুলহাটীয়ে গম পালে যে প্ৰায় ১ কোটি ৪০ লাখ লিটাৰ পানী অপচয় হৈ আছে, বিশেষকৈ ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্টত। একে সময়তে লাখ লাখ ঘৰত পানীৰ অভাৱ হৈছিল। এই সমস্যাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজিবলৈ গুলহাটীয়ে তেওঁৰ অভিযান Why Waste? আৰম্ভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inspiring Changemaker: Garvita Gulhati - The Mulvaney Center for Community, Awareness and Social Action - University of San Diego |url=https://www.sandiego.edu/mccasa/changemaking-center/inspiring-changemaker.php |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=www.sandiego.edu |language=en}}</ref> অপচয় কিয়? ২০১৫ চনত আৰম্ভ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু প্ৰথম প্ৰকল্পটোৰ উদ্ভাৱন কৰা হৈছিল হেচটেগ অভিযান আছিল, #GlassHalfFull। গুলহাটি আৰু অন্যান্য স্বেচ্ছাসেৱকসকলে পানীৰ সুবিধা নোপোৱাসকলৰ কাহিনী শ্বেয়াৰ কৰে। তেওঁলোকে ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্ট পৰিদৰ্শন কৰি পানী সংৰক্ষণৰ গুৰুত্বৰ বিষয়ে কথা পাতে।<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=PMI Future 50: Rising leaders changing our world |url=https://www.pmi.org/future-50/2022-honorees/garvita-gulhati |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=www.pmi.org |language=en}}</ref> এই পদক্ষেপে ২০১৯ চনত ভাৰতীয় নেচনেল ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্ট এছ'চিয়েচনৰপৰা সমৰ্থন লাভ কৰে।<ref name=":3" /> অপচয় কিয়? এতিয়া আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় যুৱক-যুৱতীৰ নেতৃত্বত গঠিত সংস্থা। ২০২১ চনত গুলহাটীৰ মতে ইয়াৰ কামে এক কোটিতকৈও অধিক ব্যক্তি আৰু ৫ লাখৰো অধিক ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্টক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰিছিল আৰু প্ৰায় ৬০ লাখ লিটাৰ পানী সংৰক্ষণৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /> অপচয় কিয়? ফেচবুক, গুগল আৰু আইকিয়া ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনকে ধৰি কেইবাটাও সংস্থাৰ সৈতে অংশীদাৰিত্ব গঢ়ি তুলিছে।<ref name=":3" /> ২০২১ চনত গুলহাটীয়ে মুকলি কৰিছিল, আৱৰ্জনা কিয়? ব্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলক তেওঁলোকৰ পানীৰ ব্যৱহাৰ আৰু ভৰিৰ ছাপ পৰিচালনা কৰাত সহায় কৰিবলৈ এপটো।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Garvita Gulhati: The changemaker on a mission to save water |url=https://www.globalindian.com/youth/story/global-indian/garvita-gulhati-the-changemaker-on-a-mission-to-save-water/ |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Global Indian Youth |language=en-US}}</ref> চিএনএনৰ সৈতে অংশীদাৰিত্বৰে এই এপটোৱে অভিযানৰ জৰিয়তে মানুহক পদক্ষেপ ল'বলৈ প্ৰেৰণা যোগোৱাৰ এক আন্দোলন সৃষ্টি কৰিছে, "মিছন ওৱাটাৰ"।<ref name=":5" /> গুলহাটীয়ে তেওঁৰ দলৰ সৈতে যুৱক-যুৱতীসকলক পদক্ষেপ ল'বলৈ অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিবলৈ ''ছাষ্টেনেবিলিটি ষ্ট'ৰীজ'' নামৰ কিতাপখন প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":4" /> ভাৰতৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ অলাভজনক প্ৰকাশক প্ৰথামৰ সহযোগত আৰু ইউনিচেফৰ সহযোগত ''ছাষ্টেনেবিলিটি ষ্ট'ৰীজ'' প্ৰকাশ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet India’s Water girl Garvita Gulhati, a young changemaker working towards saving water |url=https://www.sociostory.org/impact-stories/meet-indias-water-girl-garvita-gulhati-a-young-changemaker-working-towards-saving-water |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=www.sociostory.org |language=en}}</ref> গুলহাটি ভাৰতত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ জলবায়ু অভিযান ''ৱি দ্য চেঞ্জ''ৰ সৈতেও জড়িত।<ref name=":3" /> গুলহাটীয়ে ৮০০খনতকৈও অধিক বিদ্যালয়ক জড়িত কৰি ''লিড ইয়ং এট স্কুলছ'' আন্দোলন স্থাপনৰ কামো কৰিছে আৰু ভাৰতৰ ২৫ লাখতকৈ অধিক ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীক পদক্ষেপ ল'বলৈ অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Garvita {{!}} Ashoka |url=https://www.ashoka.org/en-us/changemaker/garvita |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=www.ashoka.org |language=en-us}}</ref><ref name=":5" /> ==শিক্ষা== ২০২১ চনত বেংগালুৰুৰ পি ই এছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইলেক্ট্ৰনিকছ আৰু কমিউনিকেচন ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিঙত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে গুলহাটীয়ে। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ৱাৰ্টন ম'লিছ ফেলো।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Iyengar |first=Vidya |date=2020-07-08 |title=Saving water, half glass at a time |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2020/Jul/08/saving-water-half-glass-at-a-time-2166747.html |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> ==কেৰিয়াৰ== ফিনটেকত দুবছৰীয়া অভিজ্ঞতা লাভ কৰাৰ পাছত গুলহাটীয়ে বেংগালুৰুৰ ৱেষ্টব্ৰিজ কেপিটেলত বিনিয়োগ বিশ্লেষক হিচাপে যোগদান কৰে।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Garvita Gulhati - WestBridge Capital • Westbridge Capital |url=https://westbridgeadvisors.com/garvita-gulhati |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=westbridgeadvisors.com |language=en |archivedate=2024-12-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204173831/https://westbridgeadvisors.com/garvita-gulhati |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== গুলহাটীয়ে আজৰি সময়ত ছবি অঁকা আৰু বেডমিণ্টন খেলি ভাল পায়। তেখেতে ভাৰতীয় ধ্ৰুপদী নৃত্য ধাৰা [[কথক]]ত প্ৰশিক্ষণ লাভ কৰিছে।<ref name=":2" /> ==বঁটা আৰু স্বীকৃতি== গুলহাটী আছিল ফৰ্বছ ৩০ আণ্ডাৰ ৩০ এছিয়া ২০২১ ৰদ্বাৰা স্বীকৃতি পোৱা আটাইতকৈ কম বয়সীয়া হোৱাই ৱেষ্ট?<ref name=":0" /> মানৱীয় কামৰ বাবে ডায়েনা বঁটাও লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name=":1" /> গুলহাটীক প্ৰকল্প পৰিচালনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানে ভৱিষ্যতৰ বাবে উদ্ভাৱন কৰা নেতাৰ এটা দল ফিউচাৰ ৫০ৰ অংশ হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি দিছিল।<ref name=":3" /> অশোক ইনোভেটৰছৰদ্বাৰা তেওঁক গ্ল'বেল অশোকা ইয়ং চেঞ্জমেকাৰ হিচাপে সন্মানিত কৰা হৈছে।<ref name=":1" /> গুলহাটী হৈছে একমাত্ৰ ভাৰতীয় যিয়ে শ্বাউন মেণ্ডেছ ফাউণ্ডেশ্যনৰ ৱাণ্ডাৰ গ্ৰাণ্টৰ সৈতে সজ্জিত।<ref name=":5" /> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:মহিলা অভিযন্তা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সমাজকৰ্মী]] 02hxkchvhku1g3yg3yron61h1hddyqv 0 132770 608651 594004 2026-05-25T15:51:35Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = কেৰলিনা ডি অলিভেৰা | honorific_suffix = | image = | alt = | caption = | native_name = কেৰ'লিনা ইমানুৱেল ডি অলিভেইৰা| birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[দামাস্কাছ]], ছিৰিয়া | nationality = ছিৰিয়ান/ব্ৰাজিলীয়ান/লেবাননী | citizenship = লেবাননী (২০১৫- বৰ্তমান) | education = জিছুছ এণ্ড মেৰী স্কুল | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, উপস্থাপক, সমাজ কৰ্মী | years_active = ১৯৯৭-বৰ্তমান | known_for = [[বিবিচি-১০০ মহিলা]] (২০১৬) | notable_works = | relations = | awards = | website = | module = }} '''কেৰলিনা ডি অলিভেৰা''' ( {{ lang-en|:Carolina de Oliveira ;আৰবী: كارولينا دي أوليفيرا; জন্ম ১৬ নৱেম্বৰ, ১৯৭৮ }}) লেবাননৰ দূৰদৰ্শন অনুষ্ঠানসমূহত অভিনয় কৰাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত এগৰাকী ছিৰিয়ান-ব্ৰাজিলীয় অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fanoos.com/society/carolina_de_oliveira.html|title=Carolina De Oliveira|date=10 October 2024 |publisher=}}</ref> মানসিক স্বাস্থ্যৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত কৰা কামৰ বাবে ২০১৬ চনত বিবিচিৰ ১০০ গৰাকী প্ৰভাৱশালী মহিলাৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="stepfeed.com">{{cite web|url=http://stepfeed.com/13-arab-women-are-in-bbc-s-100-women-2016-get-to-know-them-5019|title=13 Arab women are in BBC's '100 Women 2016', get to know them|date=23 November 2016|publisher=|access-date=4 March 2026|archivedate=25 June 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250625094435/https://stepfeed.com/13-arab-women-are-in-bbc-s-100-women-2016-get-to-know-them-5019|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-38012048|title=BBC 100 Women 2016: Who is on the list?|work=BBC News |date=October 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://enablemagazine.co.uk/18101-2/|title=The World Changers {{!}} Enable Magazine {{!}} The UK's leading disability and lifestyle magazine|last=Magazine|first=Enable|date=2017-01-06|website=Enable Magazine|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-12-03}}</ref> ==জীৱন== কেৰলিনা ডি অলিভেইৰাৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ডামাস্কাছত। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ ব্ৰাজিলীয় আৰু মাতৃ ছিৰীয়/আৰ্মেনীয় আৰু লেবাননী বংশোদ্ভৱ । ডি অলিভেইৰা লেবাননৰ বেইৰুটৰ ওচৰৰ জিছুছ এণ্ড মেৰী স্কুলত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত ফ্ৰান্সৰ লায়ন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা ফেশ্বন ডিজাইনত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.reverbnation.com/carolinadeoliveira|title=Carolina De Oliveira - Pop from Beirut, LB|last=eMinor|publisher=}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনত তেওঁ ইজিপ্তৰ গায়ক এহাব তাউফিকক বিয়া কৰাব পাৰে বুলি এটা উৰাবাতৰি প্ৰচাৰ হৈছিল। ডি অলিভেইৰা এইটো কেৱল এটা উৰাবাতৰিহে বুলি কয়।<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-144613738.html|title=Ehab Tawfiq's love affair a rumor.(Rumors of an intimate relationship between Egyptian singer Ehab Tawfiq and MBC television announcer Carolina Di Oliviera )(Brief article)|date=13 February 2006|publisher=}}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> কিন্তু ২০১৩ চনত তেওঁ নিশ্চিত কৰে যে ২০০৬ চনৰ পৰা ২০০৭ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইজিপ্তৰ শিল্পী ইহাব তাউফিকৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ বিবাহ হৈছিল যদিও তাৰ কিছু দিনৰ পিছতে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite web|title=كارولينا دي أوليفييرا: كنت مخطوبة لإيهاب توفيق .. "وأنا هلق مغرومة بحب حياتي"|url=https://www.nawaret.com/%D9%81%D9%86/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%87|url-status=live|access-date=February 26, 2021|website=nawaret.com|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204034447/https://www.nawaret.com/%D9%81%D9%86/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%87 |archive-date=2019-12-04 }}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত দিয়া এক সাক্ষাৎকাৰত তেওঁ জনায় যে তেওঁ লেবাননৰ কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ সহায়ত লেবাননী নাগৰিকত্ব লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|title=كارولينا دي أوليفيرا تعترف بعمرها الحقيقي وممارستها الجنس|url=http://xkhabar.com/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD/|url-status=live|access-date=February 26, 2021|website=xkhabar.com|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230202235/http://xkhabar.com/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD/|archive-date=2016-12-30}}</ref> ==কৰ্ম জীৱন== ডি অলিভেইৰাই ১৯৯৭ চনত ফিউচাৰ টিভি নেটৱৰ্কত টেলিভিছন কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ অৰ্বিট টিভিৰ ‘অয়ুন বেইৰুট’অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। পিছলৈ তেওঁ আন চাৰিটা অনুষ্ঠানৰ সৈতে লেবাননৰ নেচনেল ব্ৰডকাষ্টিং নেটৱৰ্ক (এনবিএন)ত যোগ দিয়ে আৰু একেলগে কেইবাটাও অনুষ্ঠান সঞ্চালনা কৰে, সেইবোৰ যথাক্ৰমে: "আল চাবাহিয়াহ", "৩এল মোডা" আৰু "৩এল এটিকেট, আৰু "স্পেচিয়েল"। তেওঁ অধিক জনপ্ৰিয় হয় যেতিয়া তেওঁ এম বি চি-ত যোগ দিয়ে। তাত তেওঁ “Ante”, “Wakif Il Sa3a”, “She Style”, “Lux Fashion World” আৰু বিখ্যাত ৰিয়েলিটি শ্ব’ “The Biggest Winner”-ৰ তিনিটা ছিজন সঞ্চালনা কৰে। এই শ্ব’টো এম বি চি-ৰ আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় অনুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছিল। ২০১০ চনত কেৰলিনাই নিউজ চেনেল আল আৰবিয়ালৈ গুচি যায়, "ড্ৰামা ৰমজান" আৰু "চিনেমা ইন এ উইক" অনুষ্ঠান উপস্থাপন কৰে। ২০০৯ চনত তেওঁ খালেদ ইউছেফৰ ছবি "কালেমনি শোক্ৰাণ"ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="auto"/> ডি অলিভেইৰা ৩৪ বছৰ বয়সত বাইপোলাৰ নামৰ মানয়িক ৰুগত আক্ৰান্ত হয় আৰু তেওঁ এই ডিছঅৰ্ডাৰৰ বিষয়ে খোলাখুলিভাৱে ক’বলৈ সিদ্ধান্ত লয় যাতে সমাজত সচেতনতা বৃদ্ধি পায় আৰু মানুহৰ মানসিক স্বাস্থ্যৰ প্ৰতি থকা ভুল ধাৰণা দূৰ হয়।<ref name="stepfeed.com"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-10-26|title=Twitter, Caroline de Oliveira Status|url=https://twitter.com/carolinadolivra/status/526288868468097026|access-date=2021-02-26|website=Twitter|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/um-VUYwYjZ/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/um-VUYwYjZ |archive-date=2021-12-26 |url-access=registration|title=Instagram post by Carolina De Oliveira Official • Oct 26, 2014 at 8:26am UTC|publisher=}}{{cbignore}}</ref> আফ্ৰিকা আৰু মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্যত এইচ আই ভি-এইডছৰ বিৰুদ্ধে কাম কৰা ৰুবান ৰুজ সংস্থাকো তেওঁ সমৰ্থন কৰি আহিছে।<ref name="stepfeed.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://karimarhanem.skyrock.com/2167947831-Solidarity-Haifaa-Wehbe-in-Morocco-to-support-Red-Ribbon.html|title=Solidarity: Haifaa Wehbe in Morocco to support Red Ribbon|last=Karimarhanem|date=30 November 2008|publisher=|access-date=26 February 2021|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034116/http://karimarhanem.skyrock.com/2167947831-Solidarity-Haifaa-Wehbe-in-Morocco-to-support-Red-Ribbon.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034116/http://karimarhanem.skyrock.com/2167947831-Solidarity-Haifaa-Wehbe-in-Morocco-to-support-Red-Ribbon.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} jnrexj1ip91qtglzs0kv5evf7j1qxni 0 133336 608739 608126 2026-05-26T02:34:03Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = জ'য়া আফ্ৰ'জ | image =Zoya Afroz at the Big Life OK Now Awards 2014 (1) (cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = আফ্ৰজ এট দ্য [[২০তম পৰ্দা বঁটা]], ২০১৪ | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1994|1|10}} | birth_place = [[লক্ষ্ণৌ]], [[উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ]], [[ভাৰত]]। | alma mater = মিথিবাই কলেজ, [[মুম্বাই]] | occupation = {{Hlist|অভিনেতা|ফেশ্বন মডেল|সৌন্দৰ্য্য প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ খিতাপধাৰী}} | height = {{height|m=1.70}} | years_active = ১৯৯৮ – বৰ্তমান | title = ফেমিনা মিছ ইণ্ডিয়া ২০১৩ ''<br>(২য় ৰানাৰ্ছ আপ)<br />''মিছ ইণ্ডিয়া ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেল ২০২১ ''<br>(বিজয়ী)</br>''মিছ ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেল ২০২২ ''<br>(অস্থান) </br>'' }} '''জ'য়া আফ্ৰ'জ''' ( ইংৰাজী : Zoya Afroz ; জন্ম: ১০ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৪)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/zoya-afroz-im-proud-of-the-miss-india-crown-and-my-new-house/articleshow/60732948.cms|title=Zoya Afroz: I'm proud of the Miss India crown and my new house|work=The Times of India|date=19 September 2017|first=Debarati|last=Sen}}</ref> এগৰাকী [[ভাৰতীয়]] অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল আৰু সৌন্দৰ্য্য প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ খিতাপধাৰী। গ্লামানন্দ ছুপাৰমডেল ইণ্ডিয়া ২০২১ প্ৰতিযোগিতাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰি মিছ ইণ্ডিয়া ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেল খিতাপ অৰ্জন কৰাৰ লগতে জাপানত অনুষ্ঠিত হ’বলগীয়া মিছ ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেল ২০২২ সৌন্দৰ্য্য প্ৰতিযোগিতাত ভাৰতক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বে তেওঁক ফেমিনা মিছ ইণ্ডিয়া ২০১৩ত দ্বিতীয় ৰানাৰ্ছ আপ আছিল।<ref>{{cite web|title=The women who've inspired Miss India 2013|url=http://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/archives/Women-whove-inspired-Miss-Indias/articleshow/19216084.cms|first=Ipshita|last=Mitra|date=31 March 2013|access-date=12 March 2018|archive-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021174840/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/archives/Women-whove-inspired-Miss-Indias/articleshow/19216084.cms|url-status=dead|archivedate=21 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021174840/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/archives/Women-whove-inspired-Miss-Indias/articleshow/19216084.cms|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ১৯৯৮ চনত টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক কোৰা কাগজত শিশু শিল্পী হিচাপে তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম অভিনয় আছিল আৰু লগতে তেওঁ [[হাম সাথ সাথ হে]] (১৯৯৯), [[মান]] (১৯৯৯), আৰু [[কুচ না কাহো]] (২০০৩) ছবিত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৪ চনত আফ্ৰজে থ্ৰিলাৰ ছবি দ্য এক্সপ'জৰ দ্বাৰা বলীউডৰ পৰ্দাত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে আৰু যিখন ছবিয়ে ব্যৱসায়িক সফলতা হিচাপে আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title='The Xpose': Is all about style, glamour and secrets |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140515/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-%E2%80%98xpose%E2%80%99-all-about-style-glamour-and-dirty |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> আফ্ৰজে শৈশৱৰ পৰাই বিভিন্ন টেলিভিছন বিজ্ঞাপনতো অভিনয় কৰি আহিছে।<ref name="Zoya_IndianExp">{{cite web |date=25 March 2013 |title=Miss India International Zoya Afroz breaks 'pagent-before-film' formula |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/miss-india-international-zoya-afroz-breaks-pagentbeforefilm-formula/ |access-date=1 January 2024 |work=Indian Express}}</ref> ==প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== মূলতঃ [[উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশ]]ৰ গোৰখপুৰৰ পৰা অহা জোয়া আফ্ৰজৰ জন্ম উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশৰ লক্ষ্ণৌত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eastcoastdaily.in/2018/07/08/bollywood-actress-got-slammed-as-anti-muslim-for-posting-bikini-pics.html|title=Bollywood Actress got Slammed as 'Anti-Muslim' for Posting Bikini Pics|access-date=20 February 2021|date=8 July 2018|work=East Coast Daily|archive-date=8 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208135847/https://www.eastcoastdaily.in/2018/07/08/bollywood-actress-got-slammed-as-anti-muslim-for-posting-bikini-pics.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=8 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208135847/https://www.eastcoastdaily.in/2018/07/08/bollywood-actress-got-slammed-as-anti-muslim-for-posting-bikini-pics.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/when-actor-zoya-wasn-t-allowed-to-kiss-onscreen-by-her-mother/story-pMliUgFQJA8nloMInqnFhN_amp.html|title=When actor Zoya wasn't allowed to kiss onscreen by her mother|access-date=27 March 2021|date=20 May 2016|work=Hindustan Times|first=Samarth|last=Goyal}}</ref> তিনি বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই তেওঁ ভাৰতীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ, টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক আৰু বিজ্ঞাপনত কাম কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywikia.com/zoya-afroz/amp/|title=Biodata of Zoya Afroz, actor and Miss India|access-date=28 March 2021|archive-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323124204/https://www.bollywikia.com/zoya-afroz/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> তেওঁ [[মুম্বাই]]ৰ আৰ এন শ্বাহ হাইস্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.beautypageants.in/miss-india/contestants/miss-india-2013/Zoya-Afroz/contestantprofile/47353994.cms|title=Zoya Afroz - Femina Miss India Contestant Profile|work=Femina Miss India|access-date=17 February 2021}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ মুম্বাইৰ ভিলে পাৰ্লেৰ মিথিবাই কলেজত অধ্যয়ন কৰে আৰু তাৰ পৰাই তেওঁ বাণিজ্য শাখাত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.paisawapas.com/student-stories/tag/zoya-afroz-mithibai-college/|title=Former Miss India & Bollywood Actress, Zoya Afroz Reveals The Mystery Behind Winning The Title At Just 18!|access-date=20 February 2021|date=25 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodmantra.com/news/miss-india-international-zoya-afroz-worked-with-aishwarya-karisma/11213/|title=Miss India International Zoya Afroz worked with Aishwarya Rai, Karisma Kapoor|access-date=20 February 2021|date=25 March 2013|author=Daliya Ghose|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028171310/https://www.bollywoodmantra.com/news/miss-india-international-zoya-afroz-worked-with-aishwarya-karisma/11213/|url-status=dead|archivedate=28 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028171310/https://www.bollywoodmantra.com/news/miss-india-international-zoya-afroz-worked-with-aishwarya-karisma/11213/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন == === ১৯৯৮–২০০৫: (আত্মপ্ৰকাশ) === আফ্ৰ’জে ৩ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই কৰ্মজীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। তিনি বছৰ বয়সতে ৰাসনাৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষকতাত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা 'মহা-সন্ধান প্ৰতিযোগিতা'ৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো ডাঙৰ সুযোগ লাভ কৰে, তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ একেটা কোম্পানীৰে এটা বিজ্ঞাপনত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://topyaps.com/zoya-afroz-slammed/|title=Bollywood Actress Zoya Afroz Got Slammed After Posting Bikini Picture, People Call Her 'Anti-Muslim'|author=Mehak Anand|access-date=17 February 2021|date=7 July 2018}}{{dead link|date=August 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> ১৯৯৮ চনত তেওঁ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''কোৰা কাগজ''ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="Zoya_Jansatta">{{cite web|url=https://www.jansatta.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/zoya-afroz-the-little-girl-of-film-hum-sath-sath-hain-is-transformed-into-a-gorgeous-woman/497927/lite/|title='हम साथ-साथ हैं' की यह बच्ची याद है? अब देखें कितनी ग्लैमरस दिखती हैं जोया अफरोज|work=Jansatta|access-date=17 February 2021|date=17 November 2017|language=Hindi}}</ref> ৰাজশ্ৰী প্ৰডাকচনে তেওঁক দেখি ''হাম সাথ সাথ হে'' (১৯৯৯) ছবিখনত অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিছিল। ছবিখনত তেওঁ [[নীলম কোঠাৰী]]ৰ কন্যাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল আৰু ব্যৱসায়িক আৰু বক্স অফিচত সফলতা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/then-and-now-hum-saathsaath-hain-8839.html|title=Then and now – Hum Saath-Saath Hain|work=Filmfare|language=en|access-date=12 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807044203/https://www.filmfare.com/features/then-and-now-hum-saathsaath-hain-8839.html|archive-date=7 August 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> পিছলৈ তেওঁ ''মন'' (১৯৯৯) আৰু ''কুচ না কাহো'' (২০০৩) আদি ছবিত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref name="Zoya_News18">{{Cite web|title=Miss India 2013: Second runner up Zoya Afroz was a popular child artiste|work=News18|language=en|access-date=18 February 2021|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/then-and-now-hum-saathsaath-hain-8839.html|date=25 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807044203/https://www.filmfare.com/features/then-and-now-hum-saathsaath-hain-8839.html|archive-date=7 August 2019}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ শিশুৰ ফেণ্টাচি দুঃসাহসিক টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''ছন পৰী''ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/son-pari-cast-then-and-now-5762421/|title=The stars of Son Pari: Where are they now?|work=Indian Express}}</ref> ২০০০ চনত প্ৰচাৰিত ডি ডি নেচনেলৰ ''জয় মাতা কি'' ধাৰাবাহিকত তেওঁ দেৱী পাৰ্বতীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/about/hindi/tv-serials/jai-mata-ki|title=Hindi TV series Jai Mata Ki (2000)|access-date=18 February 2021}}</ref> শিশু অৱস্থাত তেওঁ ''ৱাৰ্লপুল'', ''শ্বপাৰ্ছ ষ্টপ'', ''জেট এয়াৰৱেজ'', ''নিউয়ৰ্ক লাইফ ইনশ্বুৰেন্স''ৰ দৰে কেইবাটাও ব্ৰেণ্ডৰ টেলিভিছন বিজ্ঞাপনত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollybytes.com/2017/07/remember-this-little-girl-radhika-from.html?m=1|title=Remember this little girl Radhika from 'Hum Saath Saath Hain', she is all grown up now|access-date=17 February 2021|date=14 August 2017}}</ref> ;২০১২–বৰ্তমান ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী: অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী: মডেল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী: ভাৰতীয় নাৰী]] 0qsgaqg81vxgbqt1453vaj20uh0jq42 0 134270 608735 590647 2026-05-26T00:07:28Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = চেজ ইনফিনিটি | birth_name = চেজ ইনফিনিটি পেইন | birth_place = [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ ইণ্ডিয়ানাৰ ইণ্ডিয়ানাপলিচ | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|05|05|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.russh.com/who-is-chase-infiniti/|title=Who is Chase Infiniti, the breakout star of ‘One Battle After Another’?|date=October 9, 2025|work=Russh|last=Dimitroff|first=Cassandra}}</ref> | education = কলম্বিয়া কলেজ চিকাগো | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০২৩–বৰ্তমান }} '''চেজ ইনফিনিটি পেইন''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Chase Infiniti Payne; জন্ম: ৫ মে’, ২০০০) এগৰাকী [[আমেৰিকা]]ন অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ ২০২৪ চনৰ লিমিটেড ধাৰাবাহিক ''প্ৰিজিউমড ইনোচেণ্ট'' আৰু ২০২৫ চনৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''ৱান বেটল আফটাৰ এনাদাৰ''ত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে পৰিচিত। এই ছবিখনৰ বাবে তেওঁ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ 'এক্টৰ এৱাৰ্ড', 'বাফটা বঁটা' আৰু 'গ’ল্ডেন গ্ল’ব বঁটা'ৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা == ইনফিনিটিৰ জন্ম আৰু ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল ইণ্ডিয়ানাপলিচত।<ref name="dazed">{{cite web|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/film-tv/article/69163/1/chase-infiniti-i-can-understand-feeling-like-you-dont-belong|title=Chase Infiniti: One breakthrough after another|work=Dazed|last=Hans|first=Simran|date=December 3, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rising Stars: Chase Infiniti |website=themediaeye.com |date=March 12, 2025 |url=https://www.themediaeye.com/news-and-insights/2025-03-12-Rising%20Stars:%20Chase%20Infiniti |access-date=28 March 2025 |quote=…for 25 year old American actress…}}</ref> তেওঁৰ নামটো ১৯৯৫ চনৰ চিনেমা ''বেটমেন ফৰএভাৰ''ৰ চৰিত্ৰ '''চেজ মেৰিডিয়ান''' (নিকোল কিডমেনে অভিনয় কৰা) আৰু ১৯৯৫ চনৰ ''টয় ষ্ট’ৰী'' ছবিৰ চৰিত্ৰ বাজ লাইটয়েৰৰ জনপ্ৰিয় সংলাপ "টু ইনফিনিটি এণ্ড বিয়ণ্ড"ৰ সংমিশ্ৰণত ৰখা হৈছিল। তেওঁ পেছাগতভাৱে নিজৰ মধ্যম নামটোৱেই ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।<ref name="VanityFair">{{Cite magazine |last=Ford |first=Rebecca |title=Need Someone to Play a Famous Actor's Kid? Call Chase Infiniti |magazine=Vanity Fair |date=August 14, 2025 |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/call-chase-infiniti-vanities |url-access=limited |access-date=August 15, 2025}}</ref> তেওঁৰ দেউতাকৰ এটা নিৰ্মাণ প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (construction company) আছে। তেওঁৰ ডলচে নামৰ এগৰাকী সৰু ভগ্নী আছে।<ref name="VanityFair" /> ইনফিনিটিয়ে ইণ্ডিয়ানাপলিচৰ এখন ব্যক্তিগত খণ্ডৰ বিদ্যালয় 'ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেল স্কুল অৱ ইণ্ডিয়ানা'ত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল, য’ত তেওঁ ফৰাচী ভাষা শিকিছিল। ১০ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এখন বিদ্যালয়ৰ সংগীতানুষ্ঠানৰ বাবে অডিচন দিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |first=Navin |last=Soni |title=Presumed Innocent's Chase Infiniti Ethnicity & Family Background |website=poptvculture.com |date=June 10, 2024 |url=https://poptvculture.com/considering-her-mixed-ethnicity-chase-infiniti-is-a-perfect-casting-for-presumed-innocent/ |access-date=2025-09-30}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ হাইস্কুলৰ শিক্ষাৰ বাবে নৰ্থ চেণ্ট্ৰেল হাইস্কুললৈ বদলি হয় আৰু ২০১৮ চনত তাৰপৰাই স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। হাইস্কুলত পঢ়ি থকা সময়ত তেওঁ সংগীত আৰু থিয়েটাৰৰ সৈতে ওতপ্ৰোতভাৱে জড়িত আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jackson |first1=Cheryl |title=Indiana native starring in Leo DiCaprio movie. What to know about Chase Infiniti |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/movies/2025/09/25/chase-infiniti-indianapolis-actress-stars-in-leo-dicaprio-movie-one-battle-after-another/86342672007/ |website=IndyStar}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ কলম্বিয়া কলেজ চিকাগোত অধ্যয়ন কৰে আৰু ২০২২ চনত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Wickes |first=Jade |title=Chase Infiniti is the breakout star of Presumed Innocent |magazine=The Face |volume=4 |issue=19 |date=June 14, 2024 |url=https://theface.com/culture/chase-infinity-tv-film-leonardodicaprio-volume4-issue19 |access-date=28 March 2025 |quote=… 24-year-old newcomer from Indianapolis… |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614104700/https://theface.com/culture/chase-infinity-tv-film-leonardodicaprio-volume4-issue19 |archive-date=June 14, 2024 |url-status=live |archivedate=June 14, 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614104700/https://theface.com/culture/chase-infinity-tv-film-leonardodicaprio-volume4-issue19 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চিকাগোত থকা সময়ছোৱাত তেওঁ এজন কিকবক্সিং প্ৰশিক্ষক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু 'ডুপল ডান্স ক্ৰু' নামৰ এটা কে-পপ কভাৰ ডান্স গ্ৰুপৰ সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল।<ref name="VanityFair" /> == কেৰিয়াৰ == ২০২৩ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত এপল টিভি প্লাছৰ লিমিটেড ধাৰাবাহিক ''প্ৰিজিউমড ইনোচেণ্ট''ৰ অভিনয় শিল্পীৰ অংশ হিচাপে ইনফিনিটিৰ নাম ঘোষণা কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |title=''Presumed Innocent'': Chase Infiniti, Lily Rabe, Nana Mensah, Matthew Alan & Kingston Rumi Southwick Cast In Apple TV+ Series |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=February 10, 2023 |url=https://deadline.com/2023/02/presumed-innocent-nana-mensah-lily-rabe-cast-apple-tv-limited-series-1235255402/ |access-date=28 March 2025}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত তেওঁ পাল থমাছ এণ্ডাৰছনৰ চিনেমা ''ৱান বেটল আফটাৰ এনাদাৰ''ত যোগদান কৰে। ইয়াত তেওঁ লিয়নাৰ্ডো ডিকাপ্ৰিওৰদ্বাৰা অভিনীত এজন প্ৰাক্তন বিপ্লৱীৰ কন্যাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |last=Galuppo |first=Mia |title=Teyana Taylor, Alana Haim to Star in Paul Thomas Anderson's Latest Movie (Exclusive) |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=February 2, 2024 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/paul-thomas-anderson-alana-haim-teyana-taylor-1235813631/ |access-date=28 March 2025}}</ref> ইনফিনিটিয়ে ''প্ৰিজিউমড ইনোচেণ্ট''ৰ দৃশ্যগ্ৰহণ কৰি থকাৰ সময়তে এই চিনেমাখনৰ বাবে এখন 'চেল্ফ-টেপ' পঠিয়াইছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী বাছনি প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ সময়ত তেওঁ এণ্ডাৰছনৰ নিৰীক্ষণত এটা কাৰাটে ক্লাছত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল; যদিও তেওঁ একমাত্ৰ নৱাগতা আছিল, এণ্ডাৰছনে সেই অধিৱেশনৰ লগে লগে তেওঁক নিৰ্বাচন কৰিছিল।<ref name="THR Cover">{{Cite magazine |last=Rankin |first=Seija |title=P.T. Anderson Is Betting It All on Chase Infiniti. No Pressure |magazine=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 26, 2025 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/chase-infiniti-interview-one-battle-after-another-1236366095/ |access-date=September 27, 2025 |quote=… a 25-year-old from Chicago…}}</ref> চিনেমাখনৰ ট্ৰেইলাৰত তেওঁৰ উপস্থিতি দেখি 'টাইলাৰ, দ্য ক্ৰিয়েটৰ'-এ তেওঁৰ "ডাৰ্লিং, আই" গীতৰ মিউজিকে ভিডিঅ’ৰ বাবে ইনফিনিটিক কাষ্টিং কৰিছিল।<ref name="THR Cover" /> ইনফিনিটিক পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত এমজিএম প্ৰডাকচনৰ ''দ্য টেষ্টামেণ্টছ''ত দেখা যাব।<ref>{{cite news|author=Kayla Cobb|date=6 December 2025|url=https://uk.news.yahoo.com/chase-infiniti-suits-first-look-184500747.html|title=Chase Infiniti Suits Up in First Look at 'Handmaid's Tale' Spinoff 'The Testaments'|publisher=Yahoo news |website=The Wrap}}</ref> এইখন হুলুৰ ধাৰাবাহিক ''দ্য হেণ্ডমেইডছ টেল''ৰ ছিকুৱেল ধাৰাবাহিক।<ref>{{cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |title=''The Testaments'' Nears Hulu Greenlight; Chase Infiniti Joins Ann Dowd As Co-Lead Of ''Handmaid's Tale'' Sequel From Bruce Miller & Warren Littlefield |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=February 13, 2025 |url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/the-testaments-series-chase-infiniti-ann-dowd-handmaids-tale-sequel-1236287626/ |access-date=28 March 2025}}</ref> ধাৰাবাহিকখনৰ পৰিচালক ব্ৰুচ মিলাৰে তেওঁৰ ''প্ৰিজিউমড ইনোচেণ্ট''ৰ অভিনয় আৰু কে-পপ ডান্স কভাৰসমূহ চাই তেওঁৰ বহুমুখী প্ৰতিভাৰ বাবে তেওঁক নিৰ্বাচন কৰিছিল।<ref name="THR Cover" /> ২০২৫ চনৰ অক্টোবৰত ইনফিনিটিয়ে লণ্ডনত দৃশ্যগ্ৰহণ হ’বলগীয়া ড্ৰামা চিনেমা ''দ্য জুলিয়া ছেট''ৰ অভিনয় শিল্পীৰ দলত যোগদান কৰে। ইয়াত তেওঁ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ 'জুলিয়া'ৰ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিব, যি এগৰাকী প্ৰতিভাশালী গণিতজ্ঞ। চিনেমাখনত ক্ৰিষ্টোফাৰ ব্ৰাইনী, গিলিয়ান এণ্ডাৰছন আৰু জেচন আইচাকছেও অভিনয় কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-10-21 |title=Chase Infiniti, Christopher Briney, Gillian Anderson & Jason Isaacs To Star In Coming-Of-Age Drama 'The Julia Set' From Niki Byrne |url=https://deadline.com/2025/10/chase-infiniti-gillian-anderson-jason-isaacs-the-julia-set-1236593435/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{IMDb name|nm14551692}} * {{Instagram|chaseinfiniti}} [[শ্ৰেণী:আমেৰিকান অভিনয় শিল্পী]] 5e490o5gsj0k3kr2k1kh5o64deo6sfp 0 134295 608742 590742 2026-05-26T03:41:34Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | name = Jan Anderson | image = Jan Anderson (scientist).gif | birth_date = 12 May 1932 | birth_place = কুইন্সটাউন, নিউজিলেণ্ড | birth_name = জোৱান মেৰী এণ্ডাৰচন | death_date = {{death date and age|2015|8|28|1932|5|12|df=y}} | death_place = কেনবেৰা, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া | module = {{Infobox person | embed = yes | relatives = [[উইলিয়াম এণ্ডাৰচন]] (পিতৃ) }} }} '''জোৱান মেৰী "জান" এণ্ডাৰছন''' FAA FRS (১৩ মে' ১৯৩২ – ২৮ আগষ্ট ২০১৫) সালোক সংশ্লেষণৰ অনুসন্ধানৰ বাবে জনাজাত নিউজিলেণ্ডৰ এগৰাকী বিজ্ঞানী আছিল। তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ কেনবেৰাত অধ্যয়নৰ কাম কৰিছিল। ==জীৱন== ১৯৩২ চনত নিউজিলেণ্ডৰ কুইন্সটাউনত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল জোৱান মেৰী এণ্ডাৰছনে। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ ডা° বিল এণ্ডাৰছন আছিল এজন দেশৰ চিকিৎসক। দীৰ্ঘদিনীয়া অসুস্থতাৰ পিছত এণ্ডাৰছনৰ বয়স আঠ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁৰ মাকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="Women Scientists"/> হাইস্কুলৰ পিছত এণ্ডাৰছনে অটাগো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত জৈৱ ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞান অধ্যয়ন কৰাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। সেই সময়ত নিউজিলেণ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ডিগ্ৰী প্ৰদান কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁ প্ৰথম শ্ৰেণীৰ সন্মানেৰে বি এছ চি আৰু এম এছ চি লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name="Women Scientists">{{cite book| title=Profiles: Australian Women Scientists|first=Ragbir|last=Bhathal|author-link=Ragbir Bhathal|year=1999|isbn=9780642107015|publisher=[[National Library of Australia]]|location=Canberra|pages=15–25}}</ref> নিউজিলেণ্ডৰ বাবে কিং জৰ্জ পঞ্চম মেম’ৰিয়েল ফেল’শ্বিপ নামৰ বৃত্তি লাভ কৰি এবছৰৰ বাবে আমেৰিকাত স্নাতকোত্তৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। বাৰ্কলেৰ কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত উপস্থিত হোৱাৰ লগে লগে তেওঁ এক অসুবিধাৰ সম্মুখীন হৈ দেখিলে যে তেওঁৰ নিউজিলেণ্ডৰ স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰীটো স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হোৱা নাই, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁ পুথিভঁৰাল, গৱেষণাৰ সুবিধা আৰু স্বাস্থ্য বীমাৰ সুবিধা লাভ কৰাত অসুবিধা হ’ল। এই সমস্যা দূৰ কৰিবলৈ তেওঁ পি এইচ ডিৰ বাবে নামভৰ্তি কৰে, যাৰ দিশত তেওঁ মেলভিন কেলভিনৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত ইউ চি বাৰ্কলে কলেজ অৱ কেমিষ্ট্ৰীত (১৯৫৬–৫৯) অধ্যয়ন কৰে; ১৯৬১ চনত কেলভিনে ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞানৰ নোবেল বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref name="ANU obit">{{cite web |date=1 September 2015 |title=Vale Jan Anderson |url=http://biology.anu.edu.au/news-events/vale-jan-anderson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170530195628/http://biology.anu.edu.au/news-events/vale-jan-anderson |archive-date=30 May 2017 |access-date=21 January 2018 |publisher=Australian National University}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Melvin Calvin - Facts |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/calvin-facts.html |website= Nobelprize.org |publisher=Nobel Media |access-date=6 February 2016}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ৱেলিংটন গাৰ্লছ হাইস্কুলত বণ্ডৰ অধীনত শিক্ষকতা কৰে, কিন্তু এই কাম এৰি তেওঁ কমনৱেলথ চাইণ্টিফিক এণ্ড ইণ্ডাষ্ট্ৰিয়েল ৰিচাৰ্চ অৰ্গেনাইজেচন (চিএছআইআৰঅ')ৰপৰা চাৰি বছৰৰ আগতে চিএছআইআৰঅ' প্লাণ্ট ইণ্ডাষ্ট্ৰীৰ জন ফ'কে দিয়া চাকৰিৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="ANU obit"/> তেওঁ প্ৰথমে দেখুৱাইছিল যে সালোক সংশ্লেষণ ব্যৱস্থাত দুটা মৌলিক উপাদান থাকে: ফটোচিষ্টেম I আৰু ফটোচিষ্টেম II।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1475 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609103512/http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1475 |archive-date=9 June 2008 |title=Professor Jan Anderson FRS - Shedding light on photosynthesis |publisher=[[Royal Society]] }}</ref> এণ্ডাৰছন অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়ান নেচনেল ইউনিভাৰ্চিটিৰ এডজাণ্ট প্ৰফেচাৰ আছিল।<ref name="ANU obit"/> ২০১৫ চনৰ ২৮ আগষ্টত এণ্ডাৰছনৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="ANU obit"/> তেওঁৰ অন্ত্যেষ্টিক্ৰিয়া কেনবেৰাৰ ৰিডৰ ছেইণ্ট জন দ্য বেপ্টিষ্ট চাৰ্চত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Joan (Jan) Mary Anderson |url=https://www.heavenaddress.com/obituaries/funeral-notice/Joan-Jan-Mary-ANDERSON/1134862 |work=Obituary |publisher=HeavenAddress |access-date=6 February 2016 |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310162637/https://www.heavenaddress.com/obituaries/funeral-notice/Joan-Jan-Mary-ANDERSON/1134862 |url-status=dead |archivedate=10 March 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310162637/https://www.heavenaddress.com/obituaries/funeral-notice/Joan-Jan-Mary-ANDERSON/1134862 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==বঁটা আৰু সন্মান== ১৯৮৩ চনত লেমবাৰ্গ পদক,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lemberg Medal Winners |url=https://www.asbmb.org.au/lemberg-medal-winners |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=Australian Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}}</ref> ১৯৮৭ চনত অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়ান একাডেমী অৱ চাইন্সৰ ফেলো হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত আৰু ১৯৯৬ চনত ৰয়েল ছ'চাইটিৰ ফেলো হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হোৱা আদি বহুতো সন্মান আৰু বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Anderson, Jan profile |publisher=Encyclopedia of Australian Science |date=7 February 2011 |first=Annette |last=Alafaci |url=http://www.eoas.info/biogs/P004441b.htm |access-date=7 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>Horton, Peter; Soon Chow, Wah; Barret, Christopher (2018). "Joan Mary Anderson. 12 May 1932—28 August 2015". ''[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]''. [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0006 doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2018.0006].</ref> ১৯৯৮ চনত উমিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা সন্মানীয় ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। ২০০১ চনত তেওঁক শতবাৰ্ষিকী পদক প্ৰদান কৰা হয়।<ref name="ANU obit"/> ২০১৭ চনত তেওঁক ৰয়েল ছ'চাইটি অৱ নিউজিলেণ্ডৰ "১৫০ শব্দত ১৫০ গৰাকী মহিলা"ৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়।<ref name="royalsociety">{{cite web |title=150 Women in 150 Words |url=https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/150th-anniversary/150-women-in-150-words/ |website=Royal Society Te Apārangi |access-date=11 November 2020}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:নিউজিলেণ্ডৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মহিলা বিজ্ঞানী]] bg87brrub6d8oohk9y8h4h8nw9imqno 0 136252 608723 598221 2026-05-25T19:51:29Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = গেইলিন মেণ্ডনকা | image = Gaelyn Mendonca (cropped).jpg | caption = ২০১৫ চনত গেইলিন মেণ্ডনকা | birth_date = | birth_place = [[বোম্বাই]], [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]], [[ভাৰত]] | other_names = | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল, ভিজে | residence = | years_active = ২০১৩; ২০১৬–বৰ্তমান | spouse = শ্বিহান ফাৰ্টাণ্ডো (বিবাহ: ২৯ ডিচেম্বৰ, ২০১৭) | alma_mater = চেইণ্ট জেভিয়াৰ্ছ কলেজ, মুম্বাই (বি.এছচি) | height = | haircolor = ক'লা | eyecolor = মুগা }} '''গেইলিন মেণ্ডনকা''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Gaelyn Mendonca) এগৰাকী [[ভাৰতীয়]] অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল আৰু এমটিভি ইণ্ডিয়াৰ ভিজে। তেওঁ মূলতঃ ''ডব্লিউডব্লিউই নাও ইণ্ডিয়া'' আৰু ''এমটিভি হাছল'' আঁত ধৰাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wwe.com/worldwide/article/wwe-now-india-gaelyn-mendonca-debut |title=WWE launches new WWE NOW INDIA series |website=WWE |publisher=WWE |access-date=17 March 2019}}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা == গেইলিন মেণ্ডনকাৰ জন্ম বোম্বাইত হৈছিল আৰু তেওঁ ওৰলেমত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। তেওঁ কাৰমেল অৱ চেইণ্ট জোচেফ স্কুলৰপৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু পিছলৈ চেইণ্ট জেভিয়াৰ্ছ কলেজত অৰ্থনীতি আৰু সমাজতত্ত্ব অধ্যয়ন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakravorty |first=Vinayak |date=5 April 2016 |title=Meet Gaelyn, the new face of Roadies |url=https://indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/meet-gaelyn-the-new-face-of-roadies-316328-2016-04-05 |website=India Today}}</ref> ধাৰাবাহিকভাৱে পাঁচ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ মালহাৰত ষ্ট্ৰীট ডান্স প্ৰতিযোগিতাত জয়লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>[http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/apr/110413-vj-gaelyn-mendoncas-b-town-debut-with-nautanki-saala.htm VJ Gaelyn Mendonca's B-Town debut with 'Nautanki Saala'<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> == কৰ্মজীৱন == মেণ্ডনকাই চেইণ্ট জেভিয়াৰ্ছ কলেজত পঢ়ি থকা সময়তেই মডেল হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ লেকমে ফেশ্বন উইককে ধৰি বহুতো ব্ৰেণ্ডৰ বাবে ৰেম্প ৱাক কৰিছে। কলেজৰপৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছত তেওঁ গুড টাইমছ চেনেলৰ ''কুল কুৱেচিয়েণ্ট'' নামৰ কাৰ্যসূচীৰ জৰিয়তে এগৰাকী ঘোষিকা হিচাপে নিজৰ সম্প্ৰচাৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। ২০১৩ চনত মেণ্ডনকাই সুনন্দা ৱঙৰ সৈতে এমটিভি ভিজে হাণ্টত জয়লাভ কৰে। একে বছৰতে তেওঁ ৰোহন চিপ্পীৰ ''নৌটংকী চালা! ''ৰ জৰিয়তে বলীউডত অভিষেক ঘটায়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet Gaelyn, the new face of Roadies |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/meet-gaelyn-the-new-face-of-roadies-316328-2016-04-04 |website=India Today |access-date=30 May 2016 |date=5 April 2016}}</ref> এগৰাকী ভিজে হিচাপে তেওঁ কেইবাটাও কাৰ্যসূচীৰ আঁত ধৰিছে<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2018 |title=MTV India dating show airs episode with gay contestants |url=https://www.losangelesblade.com/2018/11/20/mtv-india-dating-show-airs-episode-with-gay-contestants/ |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=Los Angeles Blade: LGBTQ News, Rights, Politics, Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Get set for the grand finale of MTV Lockdown Stars that goes Live on Instagram this Saturday |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/tv/2020/apr/24/get-set-for-the-grand-finale-of-mtv-lockdown-stars-that-goes-live-on-instagram-this-saturday-24370.html |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=indulgexpress.com |date=24 April 2020 |language=en}}</ref> আৰু ২০১১ চনৰ ক্ৰিকেট বিশ্বকাপৰ বাতৰি পৰিৱেশন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gaelyn Mendonca: My strength is the gift of the gab - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/gaelyn-mendonca-my-strength-is-the-gift-of-the-gab/articleshow/60233773.cms |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=The Times of India |date=27 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনত তেওঁ ''এমটিভি ৰোডীজ''<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2018 |title=MTV Roadies Xtreme 2018 (Season 16) {{!}} Here's What Gang leaders are Earning for an Episode |url=https://chandigarhmetro.com/mtv-roadies-xtreme-2018-season-16-heres-what-gang-leaders-are-earning-for-an-episode/ |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=Chandigarh Metro |language=en-US}}</ref> আৰু ৰিয়েলিটী ৰেপ কাৰ্যসূচী ''এমটিভি হাছল'' আঁত ধৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Nautanki Saala Babe Gaelyn Mendonca |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/meet-nautanki-saala-babe-gaelyn-mendonca-71282.html |access-date=2026-03-30 |archivedate=2026-04-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260428071713/https://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/meet-nautanki-saala-babe-gaelyn-mendonca-71282.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nikhil Chinapa and Raja Kumari hold the baton high for gender neutral music at MTV Hustle From Home |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/200515-nikhil-chinapa-and-raja-kumari-hold-the |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=radioandmusic.com |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনত মেণ্ডনকাই ডব্লিউডব্লিউইৰ সৈতে ডব্লিউডব্লিউই নাও ইণ্ডিয়াৰ ঘোষিকা হিচাপে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হয়,<ref>{{Cite web |title=WWE launches new WWE NOW INDIA series |url=https://www.wwe.com/worldwide/article/wwe-now-india-gaelyn-mendonca-debut |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=WWE |language=en}}</ref> যিয়ে ভাৰতৰ দৰ্শকৰ বাবে মল্লযুঁজৰ বাতৰি পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020 |title=WWE Champion Drew McIntyre reveals his 'desi' side and it's sure to make you fall in love! |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other-sports/wwe-champion-drew-mcintyre-reveals-his-desi-side-and-it-s-sure-to-make-you-fall-in-love/story-rbqOQ3h2WbGHIWcXOj4wMM.html |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhyani |first=Kunal |date=7 March 2019 |title=WWE presents a new series made just for the WWE Universe in India |url=https://www.insidesport.co/wwe-launches-new-series-wwe-now-india/ |access-date=8 April 2021 |website=InsideSport |language=en-gb}}</ref> == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৯ ডিচেম্বৰত মেণ্ডনকাই তেওঁৰ দীৰ্ঘদিনীয়া প্ৰেমিক শ্বিহান ফাৰ্টাণ্ডোৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়।{{citation needed|date=August 2023}} ২২ জানুৱাৰীত তেওঁ এটি কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম দিয়ে। এই কথা তেওঁ নিজৰ ইনষ্টাগ্ৰাম একাউণ্টৰ জৰিয়তে ঘোষণা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CnzXi2ONI8V/?igshid=YmMyMTA2M2Y= | title=Instagram }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=August 2023}} == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references /> ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name|5348878}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় মডেল]] 9ax87lqfsc0ai2w9ignqf6ob4an506l 0 136449 608746 599005 2026-05-26T06:11:20Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|বাংলাদেশী অভিনেত্ৰী}} {{Infobox person | name = জ্যোতিকা জ্যোতি | image = | caption = ২০১৯ চনত জ্যোতিকা জ্যোতি | native_name = | image_size = | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = ময়মনসিংহ, [[বাংলাদেশ]] | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০০৪–বৰ্তমান | website = }} '''জ্যোতিকা জ্যোতি''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Jyotika Jyoti) এগৰাকী বাংলাদেশী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shazu |first1=Shah Alam |date=18 December 2015 |title=Today's generation wants to see films on Liberation War |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/interview/%E2%80%9Ctodays-generation-wants-see-films-liberation-war%E2%80%9D-188827 |newspaper=The Daily Star |accessdate=26 December 2015}}</ref> কবৰী চৰোৱাৰৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমখন চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''আয়না'' ২০০৫ চনত মুক্তি পাইছিল।<ref name="dt22Sep2013" /> ইয়াৰ পিছৰ দুখন গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মুক্তি আছিল বেলাল আহমেদৰ ''নন্দিত নৰকে''<ref name="dt22Sep2013">{{cite news |last=Chaity |first=Afrose Jahan |date=22 September 2013 |title=Jyotika Jyoti to find her forte |url=http://archive.dhakatribune.com/entertainment/2013/sep/22/jyotika-jyoti-find-her-forte |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref> আৰু তনবীৰ মোকাম্মেলৰ ''ৰাবেয়া''।<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bhattacharya |first=Pallab |date=11 March 2010 |title=Bangla Director Dedicates New Film to 1971 War Martyrs |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/bangla-director-dedicates-new-film-to-1971-war-martyrs/676423 |magazine=Outlook}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ তনবীৰ মোকাম্মেলৰ ছবি ''জীৱনঢুলি''<ref>{{cite news |title=Jyoti in Tanvir Mokammel's Jibon Dhuli |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-250288 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=19 September 2012}}</ref> আৰু আজাদ কালামৰ ''বেদেনী''ত অভিনয় কৰে। জ্যোতিয়ে কেইবাখনো হ্ৰস্ব চলচ্চিত্ৰটো অভিনয় কৰিছে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমখন হ্ৰস্ব ছবি আছিল ২০১০ চনৰ ''ব্ৰেক আপ''। ২০১৯ চনলৈকে তেওঁ সাতখন হ্ৰস্ব ছবিত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ মোৰ্শেদুল ইছলামৰ ''অনিল বাগচীৰ একদিন'' ছবিত অনিলৰ ভগ্নী অতনুৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |last=Shazu |first=Shah Alam |date=18 December 2015 |title='Today's generation wants to see films on Liberation War' |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/interview/%E2%80%9Ctodays-generation-wants-see-films-liberation-war%E2%80%9D-188827 |newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰা আন এখন ছবি ''গ্ৰাস'' ২০১৭ চনত মুক্তি পায়।<ref>{{cite news |script-title=bn:অবশেষে ‘গ্রাস’ মুক্তি ২৮ জুলাই |trans-title='Grash' finally releases on July 26 |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1367709.bdnews |work=bdnews24.com |date=21 July 2017 |language=bn |title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি |access-date=31 March 2026 |archivedate=26 January 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126211248/https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article1367709.bdnews |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == জ্যোতিকা জ্যোতিৰ জন্ম [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰ ময়মনসিংহ জিলাত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title=I miss Kolkata during Puja: Jyotika Jyoti |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/i-miss-kolkata-during-puja-jyotika-jyoti-3450026 |work=The Daily Star |date=22 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> তেওঁ আনন্দমোহন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় মহাবিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা ইংৰাজী সাহিত্যত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=I take my time when preparing for a role: Jyotika Jyoti |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/128519/i-take-my-time-when-preparing-for-a-role-jyotika-jyoti |access-date=5 December 2023 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref> == সমালোচনা == ২০২৪ চনত বাংলাদেশত কোটা সংস্কাৰ আন্দোলনৰ সময়ত ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীৰ ওপৰত হোৱা দমনৰ সময়ত জ্যোতিকা জ্যোতিয়ে আৱামী লীগ চৰকাৰৰ পক্ষত অৱস্থান লৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2024 |title=Shock and surprise grip entertainment arena after chats discovery |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/765421 |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=daily-sun |language=en}}</ref> সেই সময়ত অভিনেতা ফেৰদৌছৰ নেতৃত্বত 'আলো আসবেই' নামৰ এটা হোৱাটছএপ গ্ৰুপত জ্যোতিসহ একাংশ আৱামী পন্থী শিল্পী সক্ৰিয় আছিল। ২০২৪ চনৰ ৩ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত সেই গ্ৰুপটোৰ কিছুমান স্ক্ৰীনশ্বট ছচিয়েল মিডিয়াত বিয়পি পৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title='Throw hot water on protesters': 'Alo Ashbei' artistes' WhatsApp group under fire |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/throw-hot-water-protesters-alo-ashbei-artistes-whatsapp-group-under-fire-3693581 |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> ২০২৫ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী শ্বেখ হাছিনাৰ নেতৃত্বত আৱামী লীগ চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে বৈষম্যবিৰোধী ছাত্ৰ আন্দোলনৰ সময়ত ভাটৰা থানাত এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মৃত্যুৰ ঘটনাত জ্যোতি আৰু আন ১৬ জন অভিনেতাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে এটা হত্যাৰ গোচৰ ৰুজু কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Case filed against 17 actors, including Nipun Akter, Zayed Khan |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/court/379972/case-filed-against-17-actors-including-nipun |access-date=2025-05-01 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{IMDb name|7769463}} * বিএমডিবি (BMDb)-ত [https://bmdb.com.bd/person/1465/ জ্যোতিকা জ্যোতি] [[শ্ৰেণী:বাংলাদেশৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] epmx8bvx3jrj24oexx5idt2evu32qxn 0 136771 608711 608517 2026-05-25T18:40:59Z JyotiPN 22102 608711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Eurasian multilateral security organization}} {{Infobox organization | name = চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেশ্যন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন | native_name = {{lang-zh|上海合作组织}}<br />{{lan-ru|Шанхайская Организация Сотрудничества}} | image = | caption = | logo = | logo_size = | map = Shanghai Cooperation Organization (orthographic projection).svg | map_size = | map_caption = {{legend2|#316730|Members}} {{legend2|#309d9b|Partners}} {{legend2|#00FF00|Disputed territories}} | abbreviation = এচ চি অ (SCO) | predecessor = চাংহাই ফাইভ | formation = {{start date and age|2001|06|15|df=yes}} | extinction = | type = পাৰস্পৰিক নিৰাপত্তা, ৰাজনৈতিক, আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক সহযোগিতা | status = আঞ্চলিক সহযোগিতা মঞ্চ<ref>{{cite web |author1=Lars Erslev Andersen |title=Shanghai Cooperation Organization |date=4 November 2022 |url=https://www.diis.dk/en/research/shanghai-cooperation-organisation#:~:text=The%20Shanghai%20Cooperation%20Organisation%20has%20been%20described%20in,forum%20for%20cooperation%20that%20includes%20security%20policy%20issues. |publisher=Danish Institute for International Studies |access-date=4 November 2022 |quote=However, it is not an alliance but rather a forum for cooperation that includes security policy issues.}}</ref> | purpose = | headquarters = বেইজিং, [[চীন]] (সচিবালয়) <br />তাছকেণ্ড,উজবেকিস্তান (RATS কাৰ্যবাহী সমিতি ) | location = | language = {{hlist|[[Standard Chinese|চীনা]]|[[Russian language|ৰুছ]]<ref>https://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/ </ref>}} | leader_title = সচিব প্ৰধান | leader_name = নুৰলান য়েৰমেকবায়েভ | leader_title2 = উপ-সচিব প্ৰধান | leader_name2 = {{ubl|আহমদ ছাইদমুৰোড্জোদা |বোতিৰ তুৰ্ছুনভ |অলেগ কপিলভ |পিয়াও ইয়াংফান|শ্ৰী জানেশ কেইন |সোহেইল খান }} | leader_title3 = RATS<br />কাৰ্যবাহী সমিতিৰ সঞ্চালক | leader_name3 = উলাৰবেক শৰ্শ্বীভ <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ecrats.org/en/about/management/ |title=ABOUT SCO RATS - MANAGEMENT |access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref> | main_organ = | parent_organization = | affiliations = | budget = | num_staff = | num_staff_year = | num_volunteers = | num_volunteers_year = | website = {{official URL}} | remarks = }} '''চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন ({{Lang-en|Shanghai Cooperation Organization}})''' বা চমুকৈ '''এছ চিও(SCO)''' [[ইউৰোপ]] আৰু [[এছিয়া]]ৰ দহখন সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাজনৈতিক, অৰ্থনৈতিক আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিৰাপত্তা সংস্থা। এই সংস্থাই ৰাজনৈতিক, অৰ্থনৈতিক, নিৰাপত্তা আৰু সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধী সহযোগিতাৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে। ভৌগোলিক পৰিসৰ আৰু জনসংখ্যাৰফালৰপৰা ই বিশ্বৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ আঞ্চলিক সংস্থা, ই বিশ্বৰ মুঠ মাটি-কালিৰ কমেও ২৪% (ইউৰেছিয়াৰ ৬৫%) <ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13567888.2018.1495424 | doi=10.1080/13567888.2018.1495424 | title=The evolution of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | journal=Strategic Comments | date=2018 | volume=24 | issue=5 | pages=vii-ix | s2cid=219696506 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> আৰু বিশ্বৰ জনসংখাৰ ৪২% সামৰি লৈছে। ১৯৯৬ চনত [[চীন]], [[কাজাখাস্তান]], [[কিৰগিজস্তান]], [[ৰাছিয়া]] আৰু [[তাজিকিস্তান]]ৰ মাজত গঠন হোৱা "ছাংহাই ফাইভ"ৰ উত্তৰাধিকাৰী হিচাপে এই এছচিঅ'গঠিত হয়। ২০০১ চনৰ জুন মাহত এই দেশ আৰু উজবেকিস্তানৰ নেতাসকলে চাংহাইত বৈঠকত মিলিত হয় আৰু চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন(এছচিঅ’) সংস্থাৰ বিষয়ে ঘোষণা কৰে। এই সংস্থাটো সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহৰ মাজত ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক সহযোগিতা গভীৰ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্যৰে গঠিত এটা নতুন সংস্থা হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়। ২০১৭ চনৰ জুন মাহত [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[পাকিস্তান]]ৰ সংযোজনেৰে ইয়াৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ আঠখন সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰলৈ হয়। ২০২৩ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ইৰাণে এই গোটত যোগদান কৰে, আৰু ২০২৪ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত বেলাৰুছে এই গোটত যোগদান কৰে। আন কেইবাখনো দেশ পৰ্যবেক্ষক বা আলোচনাৰ অংশীদাৰ হিচাপে জড়িত। ইয়াৰ শেহতীয়া বৈঠক ২০২৫ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত চীনৰ টিয়ানজিনত অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। এছ চি অ’ৰ সৰ্বোচ্চ সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰহণকাৰী সংস্থা হেডছ অৱ ষ্টেট কাউন্সিল (এইচ এছ চি)ৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত হয় আৰু ইয়াৰ বৈঠক বছৰি হয়। সংগঠনটোত আঞ্চলিক সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধী গাঁথনিও RATS ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। ==পটভূমি== === দ্য চাংহাই ফাইভ === ১৯৯৬ চনৰ ২৬ এপ্ৰিলত [[চীন]], [[কাজাখাস্তান]], কিৰ্গিস্তান, [[ৰাছিয়া]] আৰু [[তাজিকিস্তান]] এই পাঁচখন দেশৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধানসকলে চাংহাইত সীমান্ত অঞ্চলত সামৰিক আস্থা গভীৰ কৰাৰ চুক্তিত স্বাক্ষৰ কৰাৰ পাছত ছাংহাই ফাইভ গোটৰ সৃষ্টি হয়।<ref name="cfr">{{Cite web |last=Albert |first=Eleanor |date=14 October 2015 |title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/shanghai-cooperation-organization |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032848/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/shanghai-cooperation-organization |archive-date=16 October 2018 |access-date=15 October 2018 |website=Council on Foreign Relations}}</ref> ১৯৯৭ চনৰ ২৪ এপ্ৰিলত এই পাঁচখন দেশেই ৰাছিয়াৰ মস্কোত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা এখন বৈঠকত সীমান্ত অঞ্চলত সামৰিক বাহিনী হ্ৰাসৰ এখন সন্ধি স্বাক্ষৰ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Al-Qahtani|first=Mutlaq|title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Law of International Organizations|journal=Chinese Journal of International Law|year=2006|volume=5|issue=1|page=130|publisher=Oxford University Press|issn=1540-1650|doi=10.1093/chinesejil/jml012}}</ref> ১৯৯৭ চনৰ ২০ মে'ত [[ৰাছিয়া]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি বৰিছ য়েলচিন আৰু [[চীন]]ৰ নেতা জিয়াং জেমিনে "বহুমেৰু বিশ্ব" সন্দৰ্ভত ঘোষণাপত্ৰত স্বাক্ষৰ কৰে। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/52/plenary/a52-153.htm|title=Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar World and the Establishment of a New International Order|website=United Nations General Assembly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623154322/http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/52/plenary/a52-153.htm|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ১৯৯৮ চনত কাজাখস্তানৰ আলমাটি, ১৯৯৯ চনত কিৰ্গিস্তানৰ বিচকেক আৰু ২০০০ চনত তাজিকিস্তানৰ দুশানবেত অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। দুশানবে সন্মিলনত সদস্যসকলে "মানৱতাবাদ" আৰু "মানৱৰ সুৰক্ষা"ৰ নামত অন্য দেশৰ অভ্যন্তৰীণ বিষয়ত হস্তক্ষেপৰ বিৰোধিতা কৰিবলৈ সন্মত হয়; আৰু পাঁচখন দেশৰ জাতীয় অধিকাৰ,স্বাধীনতা, সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব, ভূ-খণ্ডৰ অখণ্ডতা আৰু সামাজিক স্থিতিশীলতা সুৰক্ষিত কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টাত ইজনে সিজনক সমৰ্থন কৰা।<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Gill |first1=Bates |date=30 November 2001 |title=Shanghai Five: An Attempt to Counter U.S. Influence in Asia? |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2001/05/04china-gill |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503173641/http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2001/05/04china-gill |archive-date=3 May 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |publisher=Brookings}}</ref> চাংহাই ফাইভৰ সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত সদস্যসকলক সীমান্ত বিবাদ সমাধান কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল, সীমান্ত অঞ্চলত সৈন্য নিয়োগ কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সহমতত উপনীত হৈছিল আৰু নিৰাপত্তাজনিত ভাবুকিৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি ক্ষিপ্ৰ কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Proń |first=Elżbieta |url= |title=China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace |date=2023 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |others=Mher Sahakyan |isbn=978-1-003-35258-7 |edition= |location=New York |chapter=China in Central Asia: New Developments in 2013-2021 |doi=10.4324/9781003352587-11 |oclc=1353290533}}</ref>{{Rp|page=95}} == সাংগঠনিক গাঁথনি == ২০২০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধান পৰিষদ এছচিঅ’ৰ সৰ্বোচ্চ সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰহণকাৰী সংস্থা আছিল, যিকোনো এখন সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাজধানীত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা এছচিঅ’ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনৰ সময়ত প্ৰতি বছৰে বৈঠকত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহ মিলিত হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ বাবে ভাৰত আৰু পাকিস্তানৰ দৰে সংসদীয় গণতন্ত্ৰৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীসকলে এছ চি অ’ কাউন্সিল অৱ ষ্টেট অৱ ষ্টেট শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে, কিয়নো তেওঁলোকৰ দায়িত্ব অন্যান্য এছ চি অ’ দেশৰ সভাপতিৰ দৰেই। <ref name="thehindu28nov20">{{cite news |last1=Haidar |first1=Suhasani |title=India to host SCO Heads of Government meet; Modi, Imran to skip |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/six-pms-to-attend-sco-heads-of-government-summit-hosted-by-india/article33201037.ece |website=The Hindu |publisher=THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=28 November 2020}}</ref> ২০২৫ চনৰ ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰৰ বৈঠকৰ হিচাপত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধান পৰিষদত আছে: * আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ লুকাচেংকো (বেলাৰুছ) * জি জিনপিং (চীন) * [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোডী]] (ভাৰত) * মাছুদ পেজেছকিয়ান (ইৰাণ) * কাছিম-জোমাৰ্ট টোকায়েভ (কাজাখস্তান) *ছাদিৰ জাপাৰভ (কিৰ্গিস্তান) * শ্বেহবাজ শ্বৰীফ(পাকিস্তান) * ভ্লাদিমিৰ পুটিন (ৰাছিয়া) * ইমোমালি ৰহমন (তাজিকিস্তান) * শৱকত মিৰ্জিঅ'য়েভ (উজবেকিস্তান) চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বী পৰিষদ হৈছে সংগঠনটোৰ দ্বিতীয় সৰ্বোচ্চ সংস্থা। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইয়াৰ বাৰ্ষিক শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়, য'ত সদস্যসকলে বহুপক্ষীয় সহযোগিতাৰ বিষয়সমূহৰ ওপৰত আলোচনা কৰে আৰু সংস্থাটোৰ বাজেট অনুমোদন কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=The Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) |url=http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/20220810/909124.html |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organization Secretariat |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705163130/http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/20220810/909124.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=5 July 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705163130/http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/20220810/909124.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ ১ নৱেম্বৰত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বৈঠকৰপৰা চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বী পৰিষদত প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰাসকল হৈছে:<ref>{{cite web |title=21st SCO Heads of Government Council meeting |url=http://eng.sectsco.org/economy/20221101/921909/21st-SCO-Heads-of-Government-Council-meeting-.html |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organization Secretariat |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705163130/http://eng.sectsco.org/economy/20221101/921909/21st-SCO-Heads-of-Government-Council-meeting-.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=5 July 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705163130/http://eng.sectsco.org/economy/20221101/921909/21st-SCO-Heads-of-Government-Council-meeting-.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> *আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ টাৰ্চিন (বেলাৰুছ) * লি কিয়াং (চীন) * [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোডী]] (ভাৰত) (সাধাৰণতে এজন প্ৰতিনিধি বা ডেপুটিক পঠায়। ২০২১ চনৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত ভাৰতৰ বিদেশ পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী সুব্ৰহ্মণ্যম জয়শংকৰক ডেপুটিক পঠায়ছিল<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/eam-s-jaishankar-to-represent-india-at-sco-heads-of-govt-meeting-121112401424_1.html | title=EAM S Jaishankar to represent India at SCO heads of govt meeting | date=25 November 2021 }}</ref> *আলিহান স্মাইলভ (কাজাখস্তান) * আকিলবেক জাপাৰোভ (কিৰ্গিস্তান) *শ্বেহবাজ শ্বৰীফ (পাকিস্তান) সাধাৰণতে এজন ডেপুটিক পঠিয়াই, যেনে ২০২০ চনৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা বিভাগৰ সংসদীয় সচিব এণ্ডলীব আব্বাছে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name="thehindu28nov20" /> *মিখাইল মিছুষ্টিন (ৰাছিয়া) *কোহিৰ ৰাছুলজোডা (তাজিকিস্তান) * আব্দুলা আৰিপভ (উজবেকিস্তান) === সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰ === {| class="wikitable" |- ! দেশ!! যোগদানৰ আৰম্ভ হৈছিল!! সদস্য হিচাপে |- | {{flag|China}} || rowspan=6 | — || rowspan=6 |১৫ জুন ২০০১ |- | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} |- | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |- | {{flag|Russia}} |- | {{flag|Tajikistan}} |- | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} |- | {{flag|India}} || rowspan=2 |১০ জুন ২০১৫ || rowspan=2 | ৯ জুন ২০১৭ |- | {{flag|Pakistan}} |- |{{flag|Iran}} |১৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২১ |৪ জুলাই ২০২৩ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-04/iran-joins-sco-the-china-founded-regional-security-grouping|title=Iran Joins SCO, the China-Founded Regional Security Grouping|newspaper=Bloomberg |date=4 July 2023 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Belarus}} |১৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২২ |৪ জুলাই ২০২৪ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.btimesonline.com/articles/167333/20240703/china-and-russia-lead-efforts-to-expand-influence-with-belarus-addition-to-sco.htm|title=China and Russia Lead Efforts to Expand Influence with Belarus' Addition to SCO|first=Larry|last=Lee|date=3 July 2024|website=Business Times}}</ref> |} ==কাৰ্য্যকলাপ== ===নিৰাপত্তাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সহযোগিতা=== ২০২৩ চনৰপৰা এছচিঅ’ই মূলতঃ নিৰাপত্তা সম্পৰ্কীয় উদ্বেগক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি ইয়াৰ সন্মুখীন হোৱা মূল ভাবুকিসমূহ সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ, বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদ আৰু উগ্ৰবাদ বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে। এই সংস্থাই আঞ্চলিক মানৱ সৰবৰাহ আৰু অস্ত্ৰ সৰবৰাহকে ধৰি সন্ত্ৰাসবাদীৰ মষিমূৰৰো ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছে। ২০০৪ চনৰ ১৬–১৭ জুনত উজবেকিস্তানৰ তাছকেণ্ডত অনুষ্ঠিত এছচিঅ’ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত আঞ্চলিক সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধী গাঁথনি (RATS) স্থাপন কৰা হয়। ২০০৬ চনৰ ২১ এপ্ৰিলত এছচিঅ’ই সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধী ৰুব্ৰীকৰ অধীনত সীমা অতিক্ৰম কৰি ড্ৰাগছ অপৰাধৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দিয়াৰ পৰিকল্পনা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/22/content_4459199.htm | title = SCO to intensify fight against cross-border drug crimes | date = 22 April 2006 | location = Beijing | editor-last= Luan |editor-first=Shanglin | agency = [[Xinhua News Agency]] | access-date = 11 June 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150515211539/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/22/content_4459199.htm | archive-date = 15 May 2015}}</ref> ২০০৭ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত এছচিঅ’ই তাজিকস্তানৰ ৰাজধানী দুছানবেত থকা সামূহিক নিৰাপত্তা সন্ধি সংস্থা (চিএছটিঅ’)ৰ সৈতে নিৰাপত্তা, অপৰাধ, ড্ৰাগছ সৰবৰাহৰ দৰে বিষয়ত সহযোগিতা বহল কৰাৰ বাবে এক চুক্তিত স্বাক্ষৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://fp.brecorder.com/2007/10/20071006634365/ | title = Security alliances led by Russia, China link up | date = 6 October 2007 | work = Business Recorder | location = Dushanbe | access-date = 4 August 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180804170100/http://fp.brecorder.com/2007/10/20071006634365/ | archive-date = 4 August 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref> ===সামৰিক কাৰ্যকলাপ=== [[File:Putin and Hu JintaoPeace Mission 2007.jpg|thumb|left|এচচিও শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৭ ৰ নেতাসকল। হু জিনতাও, ভ্লাদিমিৰ পুটিন, নুৰচুলতান নাজাৰবায়েভ আৰু ইছলাম কৰিমভ ]] ২০০৯ চনৰপৰা সংস্থাটোৰ কাৰ্য্যকলাপ সম্প্ৰসাৰিত হৈ সামৰিক সহযোগিতা বৃদ্ধি, চোৰাংচোৱাৰ বিনিময় আৰু সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধিতা আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/10883/|title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|last=Scheineson|first=Andrew|date=24 March 2009|access-date=21 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511042105/http://www.cfr.org/publication/10883/|archive-date=11 May 2010|archivedate=11 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511042105/http://www.cfr.org/publication/10883/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> একে সময়তে এছ চি অ’ ৰাজ্যসমূহৰ নেতাসকলে বাৰে বাৰে উল্লেখ কৰিছিল যে এছ চি অ’ কোনো সামৰিক মিত্ৰতা নহয়। <ref>{{cite journal |last=Tugsbilguun |first=Tumurkhuleg |date=2008–2009 |title=Does the Shanghai Cooperation Represent an Example of a Military Alliance? |url=https://www.mongoliajol.info/index.php/MJIA/article/download/32/32 |journal=The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs |volume=15–16 |pages=59–107 |access-date=6 August 2022 |quote=In contrast, the political leaders and most analysts in the SCO member states, especially those in its two most influential members, Russia and China, have repeatedly emphasized that the SCO is not a military alliance, since it is not directed against a third party and is only interested in combating threats posed by terrorism, separatism and extremism.}}</ref> ২০২৩ চনলৈকে SCO-এ কোনো প্ৰকৃত সংঘাতত সামৰিক সহায় আগবঢ়োৱা নাছিল। কিন্তু 2017 লৈকে সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ আৰু অন্যান্য বাহ্যিক ভাবুকিৰ বিৰুদ্ধে সহযোগিতা আৰু সমন্বয়ক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰিবলৈ, আৰু আঞ্চলিক শান্তি আৰু স্থিতিশীলতা বজাই ৰাখিবলৈ সদস্যসকলৰ মাজত নিয়মিতভাৱে সামৰিক অনুশীলন অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা হৈছে। <ref name="about-sco">{{cite web|url=http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/|title=About SCO|publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028182720/http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/|archive-date=28 October 2017|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref> এছচিঅ’ই কেইবাটাও যৌথ সামৰিক অনুশীলন অনুষ্ঠিত কৰিছে। ইয়াৰে প্ৰথমটো অনুশীলন ২০০৩ চনত হৈছিল, প্ৰথম পৰ্যায় কাজাখাস্তানত আৰু দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায় চীনত। তেতিয়াৰপৰাই চীন আৰু ৰাছিয়াই চাংহাই সহযোগিতা সংস্থাৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত একত্ৰিত হৈ বৃহৎ পৰিসৰৰ সামৰিক অনুশীলন চলাইছে, যেনে "শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৫", "শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৭", আৰু "শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৯।" "শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৭" যৌথ সামৰিক অনুশীলনত ৪,০০০ৰো অধিক সৈন্যই অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে; ২০০৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত এছচিঅ'ৰ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা মন্ত্ৰীসকলৰ বৈঠকত সিদ্ধান্ত লোৱাৰ দৰে ৰাছিয়াৰ চেলিয়াবিন্সকৰ উৰাল পৰ্বতমালাৰ ওচৰত অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Hutzler|first=Charles|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-122597957.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904133349/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-122597957.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2015|title=China, Russia, Others to Hold Joint Drills|agency=Associated Press|date=26 April 2006|access-date=12 June 2015|url-access=subscription|via=[[HighBeam Research]]|archivedate=4 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904133349/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-122597957.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Yu|first=Bin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/17/opinion/17iht-edbin.1.7927841.html?_r=0|title=Common exercise, different goals|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 October 2007|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614172225/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/17/opinion/17iht-edbin.1.7927841.html?_r=0|archive-date=14 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০১০ চনত ৰাছিয়াৰ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা মন্ত্ৰী চাৰ্গেই ইভানভে কয় যে এই অনুশীলনসমূহ স্বচ্ছ আৰু সংবাদ মাধ্যম আৰু সাধাৰণ জনতাৰ বাবে মুকলি হ’ব। এই অনুশীলনসমূহ সফল সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পাছত ৰাছিয়াৰ বিষয়াসকলে ভৱিষ্যতে এনে অনুশীলনত ভাৰতে অংশগ্ৰহণ আৰু এছ চি অ’ই সামৰিক ভূমিকা গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ কথা ক’বলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। কাজাখাস্তানৰ মেটিবুলাক প্ৰশিক্ষণ এলেকাত ৯ ছেপ্টেম্বৰৰপৰা ২৫ ছেপ্টেম্বৰলৈ অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা শান্তি অভিযান ২০১০ত চীন, ৰাছিয়া, কাজাখাস্তান, কিৰ্গিস্তান আৰু তাজিকিস্তানৰ ৫ হাজাৰৰো অধিক কৰ্মীক যৌথ পৰিকল্পনা আৰু কাৰ্য্যকৰী অনুশীলনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{citation | last = Boland | first = Julie | url = http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/1029_asia_war_games_boland.aspx | title = Learning From The Shanghai Cooperation Organization's 'Peace Mission-2010' Exercise" | publisher = [[The Brookings Institution]] | date = 29 October 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110628085252/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/1029_asia_war_games_boland.aspx | archive-date = 28 June 2011}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনৰ জুন মাহত তাজিকিস্তানৰ ৰাজধানী দুছানবেত এছচিঅ’ক সামূহিক নিৰাপত্তা সন্ধি সংস্থাৰ সৈতে একত্ৰিত কৰাৰ ধাৰণাটো উত্থাপন কৰা হয়। কিন্তু ২০২২ চনৰ শেষৰফালে ২০২২ চনত ইউক্ৰেইনত ৰাছিয়াই আক্ৰমণ কৰাৰ পাছত বহু এছ চি অ’ আনকি চি এছ টি অ’ৰ সদস্যই ৰাছিয়াৰ সৈতে সামৰিক সহযোগিতাৰপৰা নিজকে আঁতৰাই ৰাখিছিল। <ref name="alj">{{Cite news |last=Hess |first=Maximilian |date=9 October 2022 |title=Putin is fighting alone |language=en |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/10/9/putin-is-increasingly-fighting-alone |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> ===অৰ্থনৈতিক সহযোগিতা=== ২০০৩ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত এছ চি অ’ৰ সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহে অৰ্থনৈতিক সহযোগিতা বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে এখন চুক্তি স্বাক্ষৰ কৰে। একেখন বৈঠকতে চীনৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী ৱেন জিয়াবাওৱে এছচিঅ'ত মুক্ত বাণিজ্যিক অঞ্চল স্থাপনৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী লক্ষ্যৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ আগবঢ়ায়, আনহাতে অঞ্চলটোত সামগ্ৰীৰ প্ৰৱাহ উন্নত কৰাৰ বাবে অন্যান্য অধিক তাৎক্ষণিক ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ কৰা হ'ব বুলিও মত পোষণ কৰে। .<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LEAD%3A+Central+Asian+powers+agree+to+pursue+free-trade+zone.-a0108316611 | title = LEAD: Central Asian powers agree to pursue free-trade zone. | date = 23 September 2003 | location = Beijing | author = Kyodo News | publisher = Kyodo News International, Inc. | access-date = 21 July 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150717215118/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LEAD%3a+Central+Asian+powers+agree+to+pursue+free-trade+zone.-a0108316611 | archive-date = 17 July 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-10-01/story3.htm |title=China Intensifies Regional Trade Talks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024121832/http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-10-01/story3.htm |archive-date=24 October 2007 |access-date=3 May 2026 |archivedate=24 October 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024121832/http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-10-01/story3.htm |deadurl=yes }} International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD)</ref> ১০০টা নিৰ্দিষ্ট কাৰ্য্যৰ সৈতে এটা অনুসৰণ পৰিকল্পনাত এবছৰৰ পাছত, ২০০৪ চনৰ ২৩ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত স্বাক্ষৰ কৰা হয়। ==সন্মিলন== এছ চি অ’ৰ চনদ অনুসৰি বছৰি বিকল্প স্থানত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধান পৰিষদৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হ’ব। এই সন্মিলনসমূহৰ স্থানসমূহ ৰাছিয়ান ভাষাত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰখনৰ নামৰ বৰ্ণানুক্ৰমিক ক্ৰমত অনুসৰণ কৰে।<ref name=charter>{{cite web|url=http://www.sectsco.org/html/00096.html |title=Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713224811/http://www.sectsco.org/html/00096.html |archive-date=13 July 2014 }}</ref> চনদখনত এইটোও নিৰ্দেশ দিয়া হৈছে যে চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বী পৰিষদ (অৰ্থাৎ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী) পৰিষদৰ সদস্যসকলে সিদ্ধান্ত লোৱা ঠাইত বছৰি বৈঠক কৰিব লাগিব। ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিৰ বাৰ্ষিক সন্মিলনৰ এমাহ পূৰ্বে বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী পৰিষদৰ এখন শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত কৰাৰ কথা। বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী পৰিষদৰ অতিৰিক্ত বৈঠক যিকোনো দুখন সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰই আহ্বান কৰিব পাৰে। <ref name=charter/> {{clear}} {{Multiple image | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 720 | image1 = Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit Bishkek 2007.jpg | caption1 = ২০০৭ চনত বিস্কেক (কিৰ্গিস্তান)ৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন | image2 = SCO summit (2018-06-10) 1.jpg | caption2 = চীনৰ ছানডঙৰ কিংডাওত ২০১৮ চনৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ মুৰব্বীসকল | image3 = Meeting of SCO leaders - 20190614 - 01.jpg | caption3 = ২০১৯ চনৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধান আৰু চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বীসকল | image4 = SCO meeting (2022-09-16).jpg | caption4 =২০২২ চনত উজবেকিস্তানৰ সমৰকণ্ডত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সন্মিলনত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰ আৰু চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বীসকল }} ===সন্মিলনৰ তালিকা=== {| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right:1em" |+ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধানৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন |- ! scope="col" | তাৰিখ!! scope="col" | দেশ!! scope="col" | ঠাই |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৪–১৫ জুন ২০০১ || {{CHN}} || চাংহাই |- | style="text-align:right" | ৭ জুন ২০০২ || {{RUS}} || চেণ্ট পিটাৰ্ছবাৰ্গ |- | style="text-align:right" | ২৯ মে’ ২০০৩ || {{RUS}} || [[মস্কো ]] |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৭ জুন ২০০৪ || {{UZB}} || তাছকেণ্ড |- | style="text-align:right" |৫ জুলাই ২০০৫ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৫ জুন ২০০৬ || {{CHN}} || চাংহাই |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৬ আগষ্ট ২০০৭ || {{KGZ}} || বিচকেক |- | style="text-align:right" | ২৮ আগষ্ট ২০০৮ || {{TJK}} || দুশানবে |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৬ জুন ২০০৯ || {{RUS}} || য়েকাটেৰিনবাৰ্গ |- | style="text-align:right" | ১০–১১ জুন ২০১০ || {{UZB}} ||তাছকেণ্ড <ref name="yekat">{{Cite web |title=Joint Communiqué of Meeting of the Council of the Heads of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url=http://www.sectsco.org/EN/show.asp?id=88 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710232015/http://www.sectsco.org/EN/show.asp?id=88 |archive-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৪–১৫ জুন ২০১১ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 June 2010 |title=SCO vows to strengthen cooperation with its observers, dialogue partners |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |location=[[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan |editor-last=Tang |editor-first=Danlu |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-06/11/c_13345841.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106123408/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-06/11/c_13345841.htm |archive-date=6 November 2012}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" |৬–৭ জুন ২০১২ || {{CHN}} || বেইজিং |- | style="text-align:right" |১৩ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০১৩ || {{KGZ}} || বিচকেক |- | style="text-align:right" |১১–১২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০১৪ || {{TJK}} ||দুশানবে |- | style="text-align:right" | ৯–১০ জুলাই ২০১৫ || {{RUS}} || উফা |- | style="text-align:right" |২৩–২৪ জুন ২০১৬ || {{UZB}} || তাছকেণ্ড <ref>{{Cite news |last=Song Miou |date=10 July 2015 |title=Uzbekistan to host 16th SCO summit in 2016 |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |location=[[Ufa]], Russia |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003103344/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm |archive-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" |৮–৯ জুন ২০১৭ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা |- | style="text-align:right" |৯–১০ জুন ২০১৮ || {{CHN}} || কিংডাও |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৪–১৫ জুন ২০১৯ || {{KGZ}} ||বিচকেক <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2019 |title=Kyrgyzstan to host SCO summit in June 2019 |publisher=AKIpress News Agency |url=https://akipress.com/news:615057/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424151843/https://akipress.com/news:615057/ |archive-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ১০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০২০ || {{RUS}} || '' ভিডিঅ' কনফাৰেন্স ''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Заседание Совета глав государств – членов ШОС |date=10 November 2020 |url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64385 |website=kremlin.ru |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> |- |- | style="text-align:right" |২৩–২৪ জুন ২০১৬ || {{UZB}} || তাচকেণ্ড<ref>{{Cite news |last=Song Miou |date=10 July 2015 |title=Uzbekistan to host 16th SCO summit in 2016 |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |location=[[Ufa]], Russia |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003103344/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm |archive-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ৮–৯ জুন ২০১৭ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা |- | style="text-align:right" |৯–১০ জুন ২০১৮ || {{CHN}} || কিংডাও |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৪–১৫ জুন ২০১৯ || {{KGZ}} || বিচকেক<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2019 |title=Kyrgyzstan to host SCO summit in June 2019 |publisher=AKIpress News Agency |url=https://akipress.com/news:615057/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424151843/https://akipress.com/news:615057/ |archive-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ১০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০২০ || {{RUS}} || ''ভিডিঅ' কনফাৰেন্স ''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Заседание Совета глав государств – членов ШОС |date=10 November 2020 |url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64385 |website=kremlin.ru |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৬–১৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২১ || {{TJK}} ||দুশানবে <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2021 |title=PM to attend SCO head of states meeting in Dushanbe |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40115796 |website=Business Recorder }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" |১৫–১৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২২ || {{UZB}} || সমৰখন্দ |- | style="text-align:right" | ৪ জুলাই ২০২৩ || {{IND}} || ''ভিডিঅ' কনফাৰেন্স ''<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=Indian Ministry of External Affairs |type=press release |date=30 May 2023 |title=SCO Summit under India's Chairmanship |url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/36622/SCO_Summit_under_Indias_Chairmanship |access-date=5 July 2023 |language=english}}</ref><ref name="nyt">{{Cite news |last1=Pierson |first1=David |last2=Kurmanaev |first2=Anatoly |last3=Yasir |first3=Sameer |date=4 July 2023 |title=Putin, Xi and Modi Meet on Camera, but With No Signs of Greater Unity |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/04/world/asia/putin-xi-modi-shanghai-summit.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 July 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705021029/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/04/world/asia/putin-xi-modi-shanghai-summit.html |archive-date=5 July 2023 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ৩–৪ জুলাই ২০২৪ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা |- | style="text-align:right" | আগষ্ট – ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২৫ || {{CHN}} ||টিয়ানজিন <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2025 |title=Wang: China to help SCO embark on a new journey |url=https://en.tj.gov.cn/Updates/News/202503/t20250307_6876940.html |website=Tianjin Municipal People's Government |access-date=2 May 2026 |archivedate=26 April 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426074804/https://en.tj.gov.cn/Updates/News/202503/t20250307_6876940.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ২০২৬ || {{KGZ}} || বিচকেক |- | style="text-align: right; " |২০২৭ || {{PAK}} ||ইছলামবাদ <ref>{{Cite web |title=SCO Summit Highlights: PM Modi Returns To Delhi After Concluding Summit In China |url=https://www.news18.com/world/pm-modi-sco-summit-2025-live-updates-narendra-modi-china-visit-today-xi-jinping-vladimir-putin-tianjin-trump-tariffs-india-latest-news-liveblog-9540313.html |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> |} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category}} [[শ্ৰেণী:আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংস্থা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] nfn9j9koi6roeel1von1rc2czqif6kb 608712 608711 2026-05-25T18:53:08Z JyotiPN 22102 608712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Eurasian multilateral security organization}} {{Infobox organization | name = চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেশ্যন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন | native_name = {{lang-zh|上海合作组织}}<br />{{langx|ru|Шанхайская Организация Сотрудничества}} | image = | caption = | logo = | logo_size = | map = Shanghai Cooperation Organization (orthographic projection).svg | map_size = | map_caption = {{legend2|#316730|Members}} {{legend2|#309d9b|Partners}} {{legend2|#00FF00|Disputed territories}} | abbreviation = এচ চি অ (SCO) | predecessor = চাংহাই ফাইভ | formation = {{start date and age|2001|06|15|df=yes}} | extinction = | type = পাৰস্পৰিক নিৰাপত্তা, ৰাজনৈতিক, আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক সহযোগিতা | status = আঞ্চলিক সহযোগিতা মঞ্চ<ref>{{cite web |author1=Lars Erslev Andersen |title=Shanghai Cooperation Organization |date=4 November 2022 |url=https://www.diis.dk/en/research/shanghai-cooperation-organisation#:~:text=The%20Shanghai%20Cooperation%20Organisation%20has%20been%20described%20in,forum%20for%20cooperation%20that%20includes%20security%20policy%20issues. |publisher=Danish Institute for International Studies |access-date=4 November 2022 |quote=However, it is not an alliance but rather a forum for cooperation that includes security policy issues.}}</ref> | purpose = | headquarters = বেইজিং, [[চীন]] (সচিবালয়) <br />তাছকেণ্ড,উজবেকিস্তান (RATS কাৰ্যবাহী সমিতি ) | location = | language = {{hlist|[[Standard Chinese|চীনা]]|[[Russian language|ৰুছ]]<ref>https://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/ </ref>}} | leader_title = সচিব প্ৰধান | leader_name = নুৰলান য়েৰমেকবায়েভ | leader_title2 = উপ-সচিব প্ৰধান | leader_name2 = {{ubl|আহমদ ছাইদমুৰোড্জোদা |বোতিৰ তুৰ্ছুনভ |অলেগ কপিলভ |পিয়াও ইয়াংফান|শ্ৰী জানেশ কেইন |সোহেইল খান }} | leader_title3 = RATS<br />কাৰ্যবাহী সমিতিৰ সঞ্চালক | leader_name3 = উলাৰবেক শৰ্শ্বীভ <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ecrats.org/en/about/management/ |title=ABOUT SCO RATS - MANAGEMENT |access-date=2 August 2025}}</ref> | main_organ = | parent_organization = | affiliations = | budget = | num_staff = | num_staff_year = | num_volunteers = | num_volunteers_year = | website = {{official URL}} | remarks = }} '''চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন ({{Lang-en|Shanghai Cooperation Organization}})''' বা চমুকৈ '''এছ চিও(SCO)''' [[ইউৰোপ]] আৰু [[এছিয়া]]ৰ দহখন সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাজনৈতিক, অৰ্থনৈতিক আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিৰাপত্তা সংস্থা। এই সংস্থাই ৰাজনৈতিক, অৰ্থনৈতিক, নিৰাপত্তা আৰু সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধী সহযোগিতাৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে। ভৌগোলিক পৰিসৰ আৰু জনসংখ্যাৰফালৰপৰা ই বিশ্বৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ আঞ্চলিক সংস্থা, ই বিশ্বৰ মুঠ মাটি-কালিৰ কমেও ২৪% (ইউৰেছিয়াৰ ৬৫%) <ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13567888.2018.1495424 | doi=10.1080/13567888.2018.1495424 | title=The evolution of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation | journal=Strategic Comments | date=2018 | volume=24 | issue=5 | pages=vii-ix | s2cid=219696506 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> আৰু বিশ্বৰ জনসংখাৰ ৪২% সামৰি লৈছে। ১৯৯৬ চনত [[চীন]], [[কাজাখাস্তান]], [[কিৰগিজস্তান]], [[ৰাছিয়া]] আৰু [[তাজিকিস্তান]]ৰ মাজত গঠন হোৱা "ছাংহাই ফাইভ"ৰ উত্তৰাধিকাৰী হিচাপে এই এছচিঅ'গঠিত হয়। ২০০১ চনৰ জুন মাহত এই দেশ আৰু উজবেকিস্তানৰ নেতাসকলে চাংহাইত বৈঠকত মিলিত হয় আৰু চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন(এছচিঅ’) সংস্থাৰ বিষয়ে ঘোষণা কৰে। এই সংস্থাটো সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহৰ মাজত ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক সহযোগিতা গভীৰ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্যৰে গঠিত এটা নতুন সংস্থা হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়। ২০১৭ চনৰ জুন মাহত [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[পাকিস্তান]]ৰ সংযোজনেৰে ইয়াৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ আঠখন সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰলৈ হয়। ২০২৩ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ইৰাণে এই গোটত যোগদান কৰে, আৰু ২০২৪ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত বেলাৰুছে এই গোটত যোগদান কৰে। আন কেইবাখনো দেশ পৰ্যবেক্ষক বা আলোচনাৰ অংশীদাৰ হিচাপে জড়িত। ইয়াৰ শেহতীয়া বৈঠক ২০২৫ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত চীনৰ টিয়ানজিনত অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। এছ চি অ’ৰ সৰ্বোচ্চ সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰহণকাৰী সংস্থা হেডছ অৱ ষ্টেট কাউন্সিল (এইচ এছ চি)ৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত হয় আৰু ইয়াৰ বৈঠক বছৰি হয়। সংগঠনটোত আঞ্চলিক সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধী গাঁথনিও RATS ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। ==পটভূমি== === দ্য চাংহাই ফাইভ === ১৯৯৬ চনৰ ২৬ এপ্ৰিলত [[চীন]], [[কাজাখাস্তান]], কিৰ্গিস্তান, [[ৰাছিয়া]] আৰু [[তাজিকিস্তান]] এই পাঁচখন দেশৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধানসকলে চাংহাইত সীমান্ত অঞ্চলত সামৰিক আস্থা গভীৰ কৰাৰ চুক্তিত স্বাক্ষৰ কৰাৰ পাছত ছাংহাই ফাইভ গোটৰ সৃষ্টি হয়।<ref name="cfr">{{Cite web |last=Albert |first=Eleanor |date=14 October 2015 |title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/shanghai-cooperation-organization |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016032848/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/shanghai-cooperation-organization |archive-date=16 October 2018 |access-date=15 October 2018 |website=Council on Foreign Relations}}</ref> ১৯৯৭ চনৰ ২৪ এপ্ৰিলত এই পাঁচখন দেশেই ৰাছিয়াৰ মস্কোত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা এখন বৈঠকত সীমান্ত অঞ্চলত সামৰিক বাহিনী হ্ৰাসৰ এখন সন্ধি স্বাক্ষৰ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Al-Qahtani|first=Mutlaq|title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Law of International Organizations|journal=Chinese Journal of International Law|year=2006|volume=5|issue=1|page=130|publisher=Oxford University Press|issn=1540-1650|doi=10.1093/chinesejil/jml012}}</ref> ১৯৯৭ চনৰ ২০ মে'ত [[ৰাছিয়া]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি বৰিছ য়েলচিন আৰু [[চীন]]ৰ নেতা জিয়াং জেমিনে "বহুমেৰু বিশ্ব" সন্দৰ্ভত ঘোষণাপত্ৰত স্বাক্ষৰ কৰে। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/52/plenary/a52-153.htm|title=Russian-Chinese Joint Declaration on a Multipolar World and the Establishment of a New International Order|website=United Nations General Assembly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623154322/http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/52/plenary/a52-153.htm|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ১৯৯৮ চনত কাজাখস্তানৰ আলমাটি, ১৯৯৯ চনত কিৰ্গিস্তানৰ বিচকেক আৰু ২০০০ চনত তাজিকিস্তানৰ দুশানবেত অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। দুশানবে সন্মিলনত সদস্যসকলে "মানৱতাবাদ" আৰু "মানৱৰ সুৰক্ষা"ৰ নামত অন্য দেশৰ অভ্যন্তৰীণ বিষয়ত হস্তক্ষেপৰ বিৰোধিতা কৰিবলৈ সন্মত হয়; আৰু পাঁচখন দেশৰ জাতীয় অধিকাৰ,স্বাধীনতা, সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব, ভূ-খণ্ডৰ অখণ্ডতা আৰু সামাজিক স্থিতিশীলতা সুৰক্ষিত কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টাত ইজনে সিজনক সমৰ্থন কৰা।<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last1=Gill |first1=Bates |date=30 November 2001 |title=Shanghai Five: An Attempt to Counter U.S. Influence in Asia? |url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2001/05/04china-gill |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503173641/http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2001/05/04china-gill |archive-date=3 May 2015 |access-date=26 April 2015 |publisher=Brookings}}</ref> চাংহাই ফাইভৰ সৃষ্টিৰ ফলত সদস্যসকলক সীমান্ত বিবাদ সমাধান কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল, সীমান্ত অঞ্চলত সৈন্য নিয়োগ কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সহমতত উপনীত হৈছিল আৰু নিৰাপত্তাজনিত ভাবুকিৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি ক্ষিপ্ৰ কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Proń |first=Elżbieta |url= |title=China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0: Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace |date=2023 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |others=Mher Sahakyan |isbn=978-1-003-35258-7 |edition= |location=New York |chapter=China in Central Asia: New Developments in 2013-2021 |doi=10.4324/9781003352587-11 |oclc=1353290533}}</ref>{{Rp|page=95}} == সাংগঠনিক গাঁথনি == ২০২০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধান পৰিষদ এছচিঅ’ৰ সৰ্বোচ্চ সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰহণকাৰী সংস্থা আছিল, যিকোনো এখন সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাজধানীত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা এছচিঅ’ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনৰ সময়ত প্ৰতি বছৰে বৈঠকত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহ মিলিত হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ বাবে ভাৰত আৰু পাকিস্তানৰ দৰে সংসদীয় গণতন্ত্ৰৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীসকলে এছ চি অ’ কাউন্সিল অৱ ষ্টেট অৱ ষ্টেট শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে, কিয়নো তেওঁলোকৰ দায়িত্ব অন্যান্য এছ চি অ’ দেশৰ সভাপতিৰ দৰেই। <ref name="thehindu28nov20">{{cite news |last1=Haidar |first1=Suhasani |title=India to host SCO Heads of Government meet; Modi, Imran to skip |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/six-pms-to-attend-sco-heads-of-government-summit-hosted-by-india/article33201037.ece |website=The Hindu |publisher=THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. |access-date=15 June 2021 |date=28 November 2020}}</ref> ২০২৫ চনৰ ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰৰ বৈঠকৰ হিচাপত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধান পৰিষদত আছে: * আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ লুকাচেংকো (বেলাৰুছ) * জি জিনপিং (চীন) * [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোডী]] (ভাৰত) * মাছুদ পেজেছকিয়ান (ইৰাণ) * কাছিম-জোমাৰ্ট টোকায়েভ (কাজাখস্তান) *ছাদিৰ জাপাৰভ (কিৰ্গিস্তান) * শ্বেহবাজ শ্বৰীফ(পাকিস্তান) * ভ্লাদিমিৰ পুটিন (ৰাছিয়া) * ইমোমালি ৰহমন (তাজিকিস্তান) * শৱকত মিৰ্জিঅ'য়েভ (উজবেকিস্তান) চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বী পৰিষদ হৈছে সংগঠনটোৰ দ্বিতীয় সৰ্বোচ্চ সংস্থা। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইয়াৰ বাৰ্ষিক শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়, য'ত সদস্যসকলে বহুপক্ষীয় সহযোগিতাৰ বিষয়সমূহৰ ওপৰত আলোচনা কৰে আৰু সংস্থাটোৰ বাজেট অনুমোদন কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=The Council of Heads of Government (Prime Ministers) |url=http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/20220810/909124.html |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organization Secretariat |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705163130/http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/20220810/909124.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=5 July 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705163130/http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/20220810/909124.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ ১ নৱেম্বৰত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বৈঠকৰপৰা চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বী পৰিষদত প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰাসকল হৈছে:<ref>{{cite web |title=21st SCO Heads of Government Council meeting |url=http://eng.sectsco.org/economy/20221101/921909/21st-SCO-Heads-of-Government-Council-meeting-.html |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organization Secretariat |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705163130/http://eng.sectsco.org/economy/20221101/921909/21st-SCO-Heads-of-Government-Council-meeting-.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=5 July 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705163130/http://eng.sectsco.org/economy/20221101/921909/21st-SCO-Heads-of-Government-Council-meeting-.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> *আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ টাৰ্চিন (বেলাৰুছ) * লি কিয়াং (চীন) * [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোডী]] (ভাৰত) (সাধাৰণতে এজন প্ৰতিনিধি বা ডেপুটিক পঠায়। ২০২১ চনৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত ভাৰতৰ বিদেশ পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী সুব্ৰহ্মণ্যম জয়শংকৰক ডেপুটিক পঠায়ছিল<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/eam-s-jaishankar-to-represent-india-at-sco-heads-of-govt-meeting-121112401424_1.html | title=EAM S Jaishankar to represent India at SCO heads of govt meeting | date=25 November 2021 }}</ref> *আলিহান স্মাইলভ (কাজাখস্তান) * আকিলবেক জাপাৰোভ (কিৰ্গিস্তান) *শ্বেহবাজ শ্বৰীফ (পাকিস্তান) সাধাৰণতে এজন ডেপুটিক পঠিয়াই, যেনে ২০২০ চনৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা বিভাগৰ সংসদীয় সচিব এণ্ডলীব আব্বাছে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name="thehindu28nov20" /> *মিখাইল মিছুষ্টিন (ৰাছিয়া) *কোহিৰ ৰাছুলজোডা (তাজিকিস্তান) * আব্দুলা আৰিপভ (উজবেকিস্তান) === সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰ === {| class="wikitable" |- ! দেশ!! যোগদানৰ আৰম্ভ হৈছিল!! সদস্য হিচাপে |- | {{flag|China}} || rowspan=6 | — || rowspan=6 |১৫ জুন ২০০১ |- | {{flag|Kazakhstan}} |- | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |- | {{flag|Russia}} |- | {{flag|Tajikistan}} |- | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} |- | {{flag|India}} || rowspan=2 |১০ জুন ২০১৫ || rowspan=2 | ৯ জুন ২০১৭ |- | {{flag|Pakistan}} |- |{{flag|Iran}} |১৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২১ |৪ জুলাই ২০২৩ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-04/iran-joins-sco-the-china-founded-regional-security-grouping|title=Iran Joins SCO, the China-Founded Regional Security Grouping|newspaper=Bloomberg |date=4 July 2023 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Belarus}} |১৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২২ |৪ জুলাই ২০২৪ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.btimesonline.com/articles/167333/20240703/china-and-russia-lead-efforts-to-expand-influence-with-belarus-addition-to-sco.htm|title=China and Russia Lead Efforts to Expand Influence with Belarus' Addition to SCO|first=Larry|last=Lee|date=3 July 2024|website=Business Times}}</ref> |} ==কাৰ্য্যকলাপ== ===নিৰাপত্তাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সহযোগিতা=== ২০২৩ চনৰপৰা এছচিঅ’ই মূলতঃ নিৰাপত্তা সম্পৰ্কীয় উদ্বেগক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি ইয়াৰ সন্মুখীন হোৱা মূল ভাবুকিসমূহ সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ, বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদ আৰু উগ্ৰবাদ বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে। এই সংস্থাই আঞ্চলিক মানৱ সৰবৰাহ আৰু অস্ত্ৰ সৰবৰাহকে ধৰি সন্ত্ৰাসবাদীৰ মষিমূৰৰো ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছে। ২০০৪ চনৰ ১৬–১৭ জুনত উজবেকিস্তানৰ তাছকেণ্ডত অনুষ্ঠিত এছচিঅ’ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত আঞ্চলিক সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধী গাঁথনি (RATS) স্থাপন কৰা হয়। ২০০৬ চনৰ ২১ এপ্ৰিলত এছচিঅ’ই সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধী ৰুব্ৰীকৰ অধীনত সীমা অতিক্ৰম কৰি ড্ৰাগছ অপৰাধৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দিয়াৰ পৰিকল্পনা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/22/content_4459199.htm | title = SCO to intensify fight against cross-border drug crimes | date = 22 April 2006 | location = Beijing | editor-last= Luan |editor-first=Shanglin | agency = [[Xinhua News Agency]] | access-date = 11 June 2016 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150515211539/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-04/22/content_4459199.htm | archive-date = 15 May 2015}}</ref> ২০০৭ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত এছচিঅ’ই তাজিকস্তানৰ ৰাজধানী দুছানবেত থকা সামূহিক নিৰাপত্তা সন্ধি সংস্থা (চিএছটিঅ’)ৰ সৈতে নিৰাপত্তা, অপৰাধ, ড্ৰাগছ সৰবৰাহৰ দৰে বিষয়ত সহযোগিতা বহল কৰাৰ বাবে এক চুক্তিত স্বাক্ষৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news | url = http://fp.brecorder.com/2007/10/20071006634365/ | title = Security alliances led by Russia, China link up | date = 6 October 2007 | work = Business Recorder | location = Dushanbe | access-date = 4 August 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180804170100/http://fp.brecorder.com/2007/10/20071006634365/ | archive-date = 4 August 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref> ===সামৰিক কাৰ্যকলাপ=== [[File:Putin and Hu JintaoPeace Mission 2007.jpg|thumb|left|এচচিও শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৭ ৰ নেতাসকল। হু জিনতাও, ভ্লাদিমিৰ পুটিন, নুৰচুলতান নাজাৰবায়েভ আৰু ইছলাম কৰিমভ ]] ২০০৯ চনৰপৰা সংস্থাটোৰ কাৰ্য্যকলাপ সম্প্ৰসাৰিত হৈ সামৰিক সহযোগিতা বৃদ্ধি, চোৰাংচোৱাৰ বিনিময় আৰু সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ বিৰোধিতা আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/10883/|title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|last=Scheineson|first=Andrew|date=24 March 2009|access-date=21 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511042105/http://www.cfr.org/publication/10883/|archive-date=11 May 2010|archivedate=11 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100511042105/http://www.cfr.org/publication/10883/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> একে সময়তে এছ চি অ’ ৰাজ্যসমূহৰ নেতাসকলে বাৰে বাৰে উল্লেখ কৰিছিল যে এছ চি অ’ কোনো সামৰিক মিত্ৰতা নহয়। <ref>{{cite journal |last=Tugsbilguun |first=Tumurkhuleg |date=2008–2009 |title=Does the Shanghai Cooperation Represent an Example of a Military Alliance? |url=https://www.mongoliajol.info/index.php/MJIA/article/download/32/32 |journal=The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs |volume=15–16 |pages=59–107 |access-date=6 August 2022 |quote=In contrast, the political leaders and most analysts in the SCO member states, especially those in its two most influential members, Russia and China, have repeatedly emphasized that the SCO is not a military alliance, since it is not directed against a third party and is only interested in combating threats posed by terrorism, separatism and extremism.}}</ref> ২০২৩ চনলৈকে SCO-এ কোনো প্ৰকৃত সংঘাতত সামৰিক সহায় আগবঢ়োৱা নাছিল। কিন্তু 2017 লৈকে সন্ত্ৰাসবাদ আৰু অন্যান্য বাহ্যিক ভাবুকিৰ বিৰুদ্ধে সহযোগিতা আৰু সমন্বয়ক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰিবলৈ, আৰু আঞ্চলিক শান্তি আৰু স্থিতিশীলতা বজাই ৰাখিবলৈ সদস্যসকলৰ মাজত নিয়মিতভাৱে সামৰিক অনুশীলন অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা হৈছে। <ref name="about-sco">{{cite web|url=http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/|title=About SCO|publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171028182720/http://eng.sectsco.org/about_sco/|archive-date=28 October 2017|access-date=9 June 2017}}</ref> এছচিঅ’ই কেইবাটাও যৌথ সামৰিক অনুশীলন অনুষ্ঠিত কৰিছে। ইয়াৰে প্ৰথমটো অনুশীলন ২০০৩ চনত হৈছিল, প্ৰথম পৰ্যায় কাজাখাস্তানত আৰু দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায় চীনত। তেতিয়াৰপৰাই চীন আৰু ৰাছিয়াই চাংহাই সহযোগিতা সংস্থাৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত একত্ৰিত হৈ বৃহৎ পৰিসৰৰ সামৰিক অনুশীলন চলাইছে, যেনে "শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৫", "শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৭", আৰু "শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৯।" "শান্তি অভিযান ২০০৭" যৌথ সামৰিক অনুশীলনত ৪,০০০ৰো অধিক সৈন্যই অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে; ২০০৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত এছচিঅ'ৰ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা মন্ত্ৰীসকলৰ বৈঠকত সিদ্ধান্ত লোৱাৰ দৰে ৰাছিয়াৰ চেলিয়াবিন্সকৰ উৰাল পৰ্বতমালাৰ ওচৰত অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Hutzler|first=Charles|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-122597957.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904133349/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-122597957.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2015|title=China, Russia, Others to Hold Joint Drills|agency=Associated Press|date=26 April 2006|access-date=12 June 2015|url-access=subscription|via=[[HighBeam Research]]|archivedate=4 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904133349/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-122597957.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Yu|first=Bin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/17/opinion/17iht-edbin.1.7927841.html?_r=0|title=Common exercise, different goals|newspaper=The New York Times|date=17 October 2007|access-date=12 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614172225/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/17/opinion/17iht-edbin.1.7927841.html?_r=0|archive-date=14 June 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০১০ চনত ৰাছিয়াৰ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা মন্ত্ৰী চাৰ্গেই ইভানভে কয় যে এই অনুশীলনসমূহ স্বচ্ছ আৰু সংবাদ মাধ্যম আৰু সাধাৰণ জনতাৰ বাবে মুকলি হ’ব। এই অনুশীলনসমূহ সফল সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পাছত ৰাছিয়াৰ বিষয়াসকলে ভৱিষ্যতে এনে অনুশীলনত ভাৰতে অংশগ্ৰহণ আৰু এছ চি অ’ই সামৰিক ভূমিকা গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ কথা ক’বলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। কাজাখাস্তানৰ মেটিবুলাক প্ৰশিক্ষণ এলেকাত ৯ ছেপ্টেম্বৰৰপৰা ২৫ ছেপ্টেম্বৰলৈ অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা শান্তি অভিযান ২০১০ত চীন, ৰাছিয়া, কাজাখাস্তান, কিৰ্গিস্তান আৰু তাজিকিস্তানৰ ৫ হাজাৰৰো অধিক কৰ্মীক যৌথ পৰিকল্পনা আৰু কাৰ্য্যকৰী অনুশীলনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{citation | last = Boland | first = Julie | url = http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/1029_asia_war_games_boland.aspx | title = Learning From The Shanghai Cooperation Organization's 'Peace Mission-2010' Exercise" | publisher = [[The Brookings Institution]] | date = 29 October 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110628085252/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2010/1029_asia_war_games_boland.aspx | archive-date = 28 June 2011}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনৰ জুন মাহত তাজিকিস্তানৰ ৰাজধানী দুছানবেত এছচিঅ’ক সামূহিক নিৰাপত্তা সন্ধি সংস্থাৰ সৈতে একত্ৰিত কৰাৰ ধাৰণাটো উত্থাপন কৰা হয়। কিন্তু ২০২২ চনৰ শেষৰফালে ২০২২ চনত ইউক্ৰেইনত ৰাছিয়াই আক্ৰমণ কৰাৰ পাছত বহু এছ চি অ’ আনকি চি এছ টি অ’ৰ সদস্যই ৰাছিয়াৰ সৈতে সামৰিক সহযোগিতাৰপৰা নিজকে আঁতৰাই ৰাখিছিল। <ref name="alj">{{Cite news |last=Hess |first=Maximilian |date=9 October 2022 |title=Putin is fighting alone |language=en |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2022/10/9/putin-is-increasingly-fighting-alone |access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> ===অৰ্থনৈতিক সহযোগিতা=== ২০০৩ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত এছ চি অ’ৰ সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহে অৰ্থনৈতিক সহযোগিতা বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে এখন চুক্তি স্বাক্ষৰ কৰে। একেখন বৈঠকতে চীনৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী ৱেন জিয়াবাওৱে এছচিঅ'ত মুক্ত বাণিজ্যিক অঞ্চল স্থাপনৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী লক্ষ্যৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ আগবঢ়ায়, আনহাতে অঞ্চলটোত সামগ্ৰীৰ প্ৰৱাহ উন্নত কৰাৰ বাবে অন্যান্য অধিক তাৎক্ষণিক ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ কৰা হ'ব বুলিও মত পোষণ কৰে। .<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LEAD%3A+Central+Asian+powers+agree+to+pursue+free-trade+zone.-a0108316611 | title = LEAD: Central Asian powers agree to pursue free-trade zone. | date = 23 September 2003 | location = Beijing | author = Kyodo News | publisher = Kyodo News International, Inc. | access-date = 21 July 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150717215118/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/LEAD%3a+Central+Asian+powers+agree+to+pursue+free-trade+zone.-a0108316611 | archive-date = 17 July 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-10-01/story3.htm |title=China Intensifies Regional Trade Talks |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024121832/http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-10-01/story3.htm |archive-date=24 October 2007 |access-date=3 May 2026 |archivedate=24 October 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024121832/http://www.ictsd.org/weekly/03-10-01/story3.htm |deadurl=yes }} International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD)}}</ref> ১০০টা নিৰ্দিষ্ট কাৰ্য্যৰ সৈতে এটা অনুসৰণ পৰিকল্পনাত এবছৰৰ পাছত, ২০০৪ চনৰ ২৩ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত স্বাক্ষৰ কৰা হয়। ==সন্মিলন== এছ চি অ’ৰ চনদ অনুসৰি বছৰি বিকল্প স্থানত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধান পৰিষদৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হ’ব। এই সন্মিলনসমূহৰ স্থানসমূহ ৰাছিয়ান ভাষাত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰখনৰ নামৰ বৰ্ণানুক্ৰমিক ক্ৰমত অনুসৰণ কৰে।<ref name=charter>{{cite web|url=http://www.sectsco.org/html/00096.html |title=Charter of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713224811/http://www.sectsco.org/html/00096.html |archive-date=13 July 2014 }}</ref> চনদখনত এইটোও নিৰ্দেশ দিয়া হৈছে যে চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বী পৰিষদ (অৰ্থাৎ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী) পৰিষদৰ সদস্যসকলে সিদ্ধান্ত লোৱা ঠাইত বছৰি বৈঠক কৰিব লাগিব। ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিৰ বাৰ্ষিক সন্মিলনৰ এমাহ পূৰ্বে বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী পৰিষদৰ এখন শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত কৰাৰ কথা। বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী পৰিষদৰ অতিৰিক্ত বৈঠক যিকোনো দুখন সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰই আহ্বান কৰিব পাৰে। <ref name=charter/> {{clear}} {{Multiple image | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 720 | image1 = Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Summit Bishkek 2007.jpg | caption1 = ২০০৭ চনত বিস্কেক (কিৰ্গিস্তান)ৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন | image2 = SCO summit (2018-06-10) 1.jpg | caption2 = চীনৰ ছানডঙৰ কিংডাওত ২০১৮ চনৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ মুৰব্বীসকল | image3 = Meeting of SCO leaders - 20190614 - 01.jpg | caption3 = ২০১৯ চনৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধান আৰু চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বীসকল | image4 = SCO meeting (2022-09-16).jpg | caption4 =২০২২ চনত উজবেকিস্তানৰ সমৰকণ্ডত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা সন্মিলনত সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰ আৰু চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বীসকল }} ===সন্মিলনৰ তালিকা=== {| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right:1em" |+ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপ্ৰধানৰ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলন |- ! scope="col" | তাৰিখ!! scope="col" | দেশ!! scope="col" | ঠাই |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৪–১৫ জুন ২০০১ || {{CHN}} || চাংহাই |- | style="text-align:right" | ৭ জুন ২০০২ || {{RUS}} || চেণ্ট পিটাৰ্ছবাৰ্গ |- | style="text-align:right" | ২৯ মে’ ২০০৩ || {{RUS}} || [[মস্কো ]] |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৭ জুন ২০০৪ || {{UZB}} || তাছকেণ্ড |- | style="text-align:right" |৫ জুলাই ২০০৫ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৫ জুন ২০০৬ || {{CHN}} || চাংহাই |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৬ আগষ্ট ২০০৭ || {{KGZ}} || বিচকেক |- | style="text-align:right" | ২৮ আগষ্ট ২০০৮ || {{TJK}} || দুশানবে |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৬ জুন ২০০৯ || {{RUS}} || য়েকাটেৰিনবাৰ্গ |- | style="text-align:right" | ১০–১১ জুন ২০১০ || {{UZB}} ||তাছকেণ্ড <ref name="yekat">{{Cite web |title=Joint Communiqué of Meeting of the Council of the Heads of the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation |url=http://www.sectsco.org/EN/show.asp?id=88 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710232015/http://www.sectsco.org/EN/show.asp?id=88 |archive-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Shanghai Cooperation Organisation}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৪–১৫ জুন ২০১১ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 June 2010 |title=SCO vows to strengthen cooperation with its observers, dialogue partners |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |location=Tashkent, Uzbekistan |editor-last=Tang |editor-first=Danlu |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-06/11/c_13345841.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106123408/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-06/11/c_13345841.htm |archive-date=6 November 2012}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" |৬–৭ জুন ২০১২ || {{CHN}} || বেইজিং |- | style="text-align:right" |১৩ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০১৩ || {{KGZ}} || বিচকেক |- | style="text-align:right" |১১–১২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০১৪ || {{TJK}} ||দুশানবে |- | style="text-align:right" | ৯–১০ জুলাই ২০১৫ || {{RUS}} || উফা |- | style="text-align:right" |২৩–২৪ জুন ২০১৬ || {{UZB}} || তাছকেণ্ড <ref>{{Cite news |last=Song Miou |date=10 July 2015 |title=Uzbekistan to host 16th SCO summit in 2016 |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |location=Ufa, Russia |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003103344/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm |archive-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" |৮–৯ জুন ২০১৭ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা |- | style="text-align:right" |৯–১০ জুন ২০১৮ || {{CHN}} || কিংডাও |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৪–১৫ জুন ২০১৯ || {{KGZ}} ||বিচকেক <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2019 |title=Kyrgyzstan to host SCO summit in June 2019 |publisher=AKIpress News Agency |url=https://akipress.com/news:615057/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424151843/https://akipress.com/news:615057/ |archive-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ১০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০২০ || {{RUS}} || '' ভিডিঅ' কনফাৰেন্স ''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Заседание Совета глав государств – членов ШОС |date=10 November 2020 |url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64385 |website=kremlin.ru |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> |- |- | style="text-align:right" |২৩–২৪ জুন ২০১৬ || {{UZB}} || তাচকেণ্ড<ref>{{Cite news |last=Song Miou |date=10 July 2015 |title=Uzbekistan to host 16th SCO summit in 2016 |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |location=Ufa, Russia |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003103344/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2015-07/10/c_134401944.htm |archive-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ৮–৯ জুন ২০১৭ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা |- | style="text-align:right" |৯–১০ জুন ২০১৮ || {{CHN}} || কিংডাও |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৪–১৫ জুন ২০১৯ || {{KGZ}} || বিচকেক<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2019 |title=Kyrgyzstan to host SCO summit in June 2019 |publisher=AKIpress News Agency |url=https://akipress.com/news:615057/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424151843/https://akipress.com/news:615057/ |archive-date=24 April 2019}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ১০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০২০ || {{RUS}} || ''ভিডিঅ' কনফাৰেন্স ''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Заседание Совета глав государств – членов ШОС |date=10 November 2020 |url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/64385 |website=kremlin.ru |access-date=10 November 2020}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ১৬–১৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২১ || {{TJK}} ||দুশানবে <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2021 |title=PM to attend SCO head of states meeting in Dushanbe |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40115796 |website=Business Recorder }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" |১৫–১৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২২ || {{UZB}} || সমৰখন্দ |- | style="text-align:right" | ৪ জুলাই ২০২৩ || {{IND}} || ''ভিডিঅ' কনফাৰেন্স ''<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=Indian Ministry of External Affairs |type=press release |date=30 May 2023 |title=SCO Summit under India's Chairmanship |url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/36622/SCO_Summit_under_Indias_Chairmanship |access-date=5 July 2023 |language=english}}</ref><ref name="nyt">{{Cite news |last1=Pierson |first1=David |last2=Kurmanaev |first2=Anatoly |last3=Yasir |first3=Sameer |date=4 July 2023 |title=Putin, Xi and Modi Meet on Camera, but With No Signs of Greater Unity |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/04/world/asia/putin-xi-modi-shanghai-summit.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=5 July 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705021029/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/04/world/asia/putin-xi-modi-shanghai-summit.html |archive-date=5 July 2023 }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ৩–৪ জুলাই ২০২৪ || {{KAZ}} || আস্তানা |- | style="text-align:right" | আগষ্ট – ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২৫ || {{CHN}} ||টিয়ানজিন <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2025 |title=Wang: China to help SCO embark on a new journey |url=https://en.tj.gov.cn/Updates/News/202503/t20250307_6876940.html |website=Tianjin Municipal People's Government |access-date=2 May 2026 |archivedate=26 April 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426074804/https://en.tj.gov.cn/Updates/News/202503/t20250307_6876940.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- | style="text-align:right" | ২০২৬ || {{KGZ}} || বিচকেক |- | style="text-align: right; " |২০২৭ || {{PAK}} ||ইছলামবাদ <ref>{{Cite web |title=SCO Summit Highlights: PM Modi Returns To Delhi After Concluding Summit In China |url=https://www.news18.com/world/pm-modi-sco-summit-2025-live-updates-narendra-modi-china-visit-today-xi-jinping-vladimir-putin-tianjin-trump-tariffs-india-latest-news-liveblog-9540313.html |access-date=2025-09-01 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> |} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category}} [[শ্ৰেণী:আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংস্থা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 6vyg823wtb8pqq2pnfj23ic6zmts453 0 136843 608622 607871 2026-05-25T13:01:31Z প্ৰিয়াংকু বৰা 45871 তথ্য শুধৰণি কৰা হয় 608622 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী''' ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]: Chandra Choudhury) অসমৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক। ইয়াৰোপৰি কবি, গীতিকাৰ, নাট্যকাৰ আৰু সংগীত শিল্পী ৰূপেও তেখেতে খ্যাতি লাভ কৰিছিল। [[ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা]] আৰু [[ফণী শৰ্মা]]ৰ সতীৰ্থ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ নাট্যমঞ্চত সহ অভিনয়ৰ অন্যতম বাটকটীয়া। ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ সহযোগত ব্ৰজ শৰ্মাই ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ৰ জৰিয়তে সহ অভিনয়ৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল।<ref>নটসূৰ্য ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ | অতুল মজুমদাৰ | গ্ৰন্থ : নটসূৰ্য্য | প্ৰকাশক : বাণ থিয়েটাৰ </ref> চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অসমৰ ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী নাট পৰিচালক।<ref>ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰথম খণ্ড | লেখক - সংকলক : কিশোৰ কুমাৰ কলিতা | প্ৰকাশক : সদৌ অসম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ প্ৰযোজক সংস্থা </ref> ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত [[প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা]] ৰচিত ''দেৱযানী,'' ''তেজীমলা, অলংকাৰ, আশীৰ্বাদ, কাজিৰঙাৰ বাঘ, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি মৌলিক অসমীয়া মঞ্চ সফল আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় নাটকসমূহৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ শিল্পীৰ পৃথিৱীত এভূমুকি প্ৰথম কুৰি বছৰ | লেখক : অতুল মজুমদাৰ | প্ৰকাশক : শৰাইঘাট সাহিত্য সমাজ </ref> সত্তৰ আৰু আশীৰ দশকত নাট্যকাৰ প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী যুটীয়ে ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত এক নব্য ধাৰাৰ সূচনা কৰিছিল। যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত ছোকৰা, নাৰী চৰিত্ৰ, নায়ক, খলনায়ক আদি সকলো ধৰণৰ চৰিত্ৰত অতি দক্ষতাৰে অভিনয় কৰা নাট্যশিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী।<ref name=hitesh>গ্ৰন্থ : অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। মুখ্য সম্পাদক হিতেশ দত্ত। প্ৰকাশক: নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতি</ref>''ব্লেকমাণি, ধৰ্মকাই, উপগ্ৰহ, ব'হাগৰ দুপৰীয়া'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ। বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰা আজন্ম শিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক ''বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে'' ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮৫ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত দেহাৱসান ঘটা নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক অসম নাট্য সন্মিলনৰ ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা'' প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰয়াত নাট্যশিল্পী চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ স্মৃতি যুগমীয়া কৰিবলৈ তথা শিল্পীগৰাকীৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু প্ৰসাৰৰ উদ্দেশ্যে নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী স্মৃতি ৰক্ষা সমিতিয়ে প্ৰতি বছৰে ৰাজ্যখনৰ এগৰাকী বিশিষ্ট নাট্যশিল্পীক নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী সোঁৱৰণী বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰি অহাৰ লগতে প্ৰকাশ কৰি উলিয়াইছে ''অসমৰ নাট্য ইতিহাসৰ চক্ৰনাভি নাট্যসম্ৰাট চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী'' শীৰ্ষক এখনি সোঁৱৰণী গ্ৰন্থ।<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : ক'ত হেৰাল কাঁথিৰ জুইকুৰা | লেখক : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : লেখিকা সংস্থা অসম, মঙলদৈ শাখা</ref> {{infobox writer|name=চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী|image=Chandra Choudhury.jpg|imagesize=|alt=|caption=|pseudonym=|birth_name=|birth_date=২৭ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯১৭ চন|birth_place=পাঠলা গাঁও, ( বৰ্তমানৰ ২ নম্বৰ ওৱাৰ্ড, [[পাঠশালা]], [[বজালী]] , অসম|death_date=৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫|death_place=<nowiki> গুৱাহাটী, </nowiki>[[অসম]]|occupation=নাট্যকাৰ, অভিনেতা|nationality=[[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]]|ethnicity=|citizenship={{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰত]]|language=[[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]]|education=|alma_mater=|period=|genre=নাট্য শিল্প|subject=|movement=|notableworks=|spouse=বিনদা গগৈ ( প্ৰথমা পত্নী), গংগাপ্ৰিয়া চৌধুৰী (দ্বিতীয়া পত্নী)|partner=|children=|relatives=ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী (পিতৃ) <br/> ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী (মাতৃ)|influences=|influenced=|awards=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হয় ১৯১৭ চনৰ ২৭ এপ্ৰিল তাৰিখে [[পাঠশালা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত পাঠলা গাঁৱত। পিতৃ ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰী। দুই পুত্ৰ চন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভোলাৰ শৈশৱ কালতেই অকাল বিয়োগ ঘটে ৰঘুনাথ চৌধুৰীৰ। দুৰ্ভগীয়া মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰী চৌধুৰীয়ে অশেষ দুখ কষ্টেৰে দুই পুত্ৰক লালন পালন কৰে। শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে মাতৃ ভাগ্যেশ্বৰীৰ কণ্ঠত [[বৰগীত]], লোকগীত, দেহ বিচাৰৰ গীতৰ সুৰ শুনি শিল্প কলাৰ অনুৰাগী হৈ পৰিছিল। গাঁৱৰ [[নামঘৰ]]ত পাঠকে ভোৰ তাল বজাই নাম গোৱা দেখি ঘৰলৈ আহি ৰাগ টানি নাম গাবলৈ শিকিছিল। সৰস্বতী পূজা, স্থানীয় সভা আদিত যাত্ৰা, গায়ন-বায়নৰ ( কামৰূপীয়া ভাওনা) নাটক চাই আহি ঘৰত লগ সমনীয়া গোটাই মঞ্চ সাজি নাটক কৰিছিল। এনেদৰে শৈশৱতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ মনত অংকুৰিত হৈছিল নাট্যশিল্পী হোৱাৰ বাসনা। সেই উদ্দেশ্যে শৈশৱতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল প্ৰখ্যাত নাট্য শিল্পী সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীক। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯২৪ চনত মাত্ৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সন্তৰাম চৌধুৰীৰ পৰিচালনাত পাঠশালা নাট্য সমিতিৰ মঞ্চত অভিনেতা হিচাপে প্ৰথম আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী অভিনীত প্ৰথম নাটখন আছিল ''বিজয় বসন্ত।'' চৰিত্ৰটোৰ নাম আছিল - বালক শ্ৰীকৃষ্ণ। ১৯৩১ চনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে সৰভোগৰ অভিনয়াচাৰ্য ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাই সেই বছৰতে জন্ম দিয়া ''ডি অল আসাম ইউনিয়ন কোহিনুৰ অপেৰা পাৰ্টি'' ত যোগদান কৰে। ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ৰ এগৰাকী মুখ্য অভিনয় শিল্পী আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। ১৯৩৩ চনত ''কহিনুৰ অপেৰাৰ'' জৰিয়তে অসমত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্যৱসায়িক নাট্য মঞ্চত সহ অভিনয় প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা সময়ত ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মাৰ সহযোগী আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। কহিনুৰ অপেৰাত অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে যোগদান কৰিছিল গোলাপী, সৰ্বেশ্বৰী, লাৱণ্য, শৈল্যবালা আৰু বিনদা গগৈয়ে। সেই সময়ত বিনদা গগৈৰ বয়স ১২/১৩ বছৰ।<ref name=hitesh></ref>''কহিনুৰ অপেৰা'' ত ফণী শৰ্মাৰ দৰমহা আছিল ২০ টকা আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ দৰমহা আছিল ৭ টকা। অভিনয়ৰ লগতে তেখেতে সংগীত শিক্ষক হিচাপেও কৰ্মৰত হৈছিল। পৰৱৰ্তীকালত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী আন কেইবাটাও ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ সৈতে জড়িত হৈ পৰে। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ যাত্ৰাদলৰ অভিনয় জীৱনৰ অন্ত পৰে ১৯৬২- ৬৩ নাট্যবৰ্ষত। তেওঁ জড়িত হৈ থকা শেষ অপেৰাটো আছিল পাঠশালাৰ সদা লহকৰ প্ৰযোজিত নটৰাজ অপেৰা। নটৰাজ অপেৰাৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৫৯ চনত। সদা লহকৰ আৰু [[অচ্যুত লহকৰ]] ভাতৃদ্বয়ে নটৰাজ অপেৰাক আধুনিক ৰূপ দি তৈয়াৰ কৰিলে নটৰাজ থিয়েটাৰ। অসমৰ প্ৰথম ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ নাট্যদল [[নটৰাজ থিয়েটাৰ]]ৰ নাট পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা হিচাপে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হ'ল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। তেখেতে নটৰাজ থিয়েটাৰৰ নৃত্য আৰু সংগীতৰ দিশটোও চোৱা- চিতা কৰিছিল। অৱশেষত ১৯৬৩ চনত অসমৰ প্ৰথমটো [[ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ|ভ্ৰাম্যমান থিয়েটাৰ]] নটৰাজ থিয়েটাৰে আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে। ১৯৬৩ চনৰ ২ অক্টোবৰ গান্ধী জয়ন্তীত পাঠশালাৰ হৰি মন্দিৰ প্ৰাংগনত সন্ধিয়া ৭ বজাত নটৰাজ থিয়েটাৰৰ শুভ উদ্বোধনী হয়। উদ্বোধনী নাট আছিল ফণী শৰ্মা ৰচিত আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী পৰিচালিত ''ভোগজৰা।''<ref>গ্ৰন্থ : চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী | লেখক : মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী | প্ৰকাশক : গতি অসম </ref> পৰৱৰ্তীকালত অৰ্থাৎ ১৯৬৪-৬৫ নাট্যবৰ্ষৰ পৰা ১৯৮৫ চনলৈকে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী আন কেইবাটাও ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ নাট্যদল যেনে - সুৰদেৱী থিয়েটাৰ, মঞ্চৰূপা থিয়েটাৰ, অসম ষ্টাৰ, কহিনুৰ থিয়েটাৰ, আৱাহন থিয়েটাৰ আদিৰ সৈতে জড়িত হৈ পৰে। ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰত প্ৰফুল্ল বৰাৰ অধিকাংশ নাটকৰ পৰিচালক আৰু মুখ্য অভিনেতা আছিল চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী। প্ৰফুল্ল বৰা ৰচিত আৰু চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী পৰিচালিত ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰৰ বহু চৰ্চিত নাটকসমূহ আছিল ''দেৱযানী, তেজীমলা, আশীৰ্বাদ, অলংকাৰ , অপৰাধ, পাহাৰৰ জুই, স্নেহবন্ধন'' আদি। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী এগৰাকী সুদক্ষ অভিনেতা আৰু নাট পৰিচালক হোৱাৰ লগতে নাট্যকাৰ ৰূপেও আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী ৰচিত বহু চৰ্চিত নাটকসমূহ আছিল ''গংগা- যমুনা , পতিতা, বাঘিনী, নবৌ, কল্যাণী, ললিতা, বন্দিতা'' আৰু ''কাৰবালা। কাৰবালা'' চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী ৰচিত অতি জনপ্ৰিয় আৰু মঞ্চ সফল নাট।<ref name=hitesh></ref> == বিবাহ আৰু পৰিয়াল == ১৯৩৭ চনত অসমৰ আন এটি ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদল [[শিৱসাগৰ]] জিলাৰ গুৰুপ্ৰসাদ বৰঠাকুৰ প্ৰযোজিত আৰু ফণী শৰ্মা পৰিচালিত ডি অল আসাম ষ্টাৰ থিয়েটাৰ দলত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী আৰু বিনদা গগৈয়ে অভিনয় শিল্পীৰূপে যোগদান কৰিছিল। সেই বছৰতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে নাজিৰা নিৱাসী লক্ষ্মীকান্ত গগৈ আৰু বিমলা গগৈৰ জীয়ৰী তথা অভিনেত্ৰী বিনদা গগৈক সম্পূৰ্ণ বৈদিক ৰীতি-নীতিৰে সমাজক সাক্ষী কৰি বিয়া কৰায়। যুগ্ম জীৱনৰ সাক্ষী হিচাপে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজলৈ আহে এটি কন্যা সন্তান। তেওঁলোকে সন্তানটিৰ নাম ৰাখে অমিয়াবালা। কিন্তু ১৯৪৩ চনত বিনদা গগৈয়ে দুবছৰীয়া কন্যা অমিয়াবালাক এৰি মৃত্যুক সাৱটে। ১৯৪৬ চনত কণমানি অমিয়াক লগত লৈ চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ পৰা পাঠশালালৈ ঘূৰি আহে।<ref name=hitesh></ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত বৰপেটা জিলাৰ সৰভোগৰ নিকটৱৰ্তী ৰামপুৰ গাঁৱৰ ৰজনীকান্ত গোস্বামীৰ জীয়ৰী গংগাপ্ৰিয়া দেৱীৰ সৈতে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰথম সন্তান প্ৰয়াত বিনয় চৌধুৰী, দ্বিতীয় সন্তান নগেন চৌধুৰী, নলিনী দাস চৌধুৰী, ব্ৰজমোহন চৌধুৰী, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী, বাবুল চৌধুৰী। প্ৰয়াত বিনয় চৌধুৰী ভাৰত চৰকাৰৰ গীত- নাট বিভাগৰ এগৰাকী অৱসৰপ্ৰাপ্ত সঞ্চালক। নগেন চৌধুৰী এগৰাকী লেখক, সাংস্কৃতিক কৰ্মী আৰু [[ভাৰতীয় ষ্টেট বেংক]]ৰ অৱসৰপ্ৰাপ্ত বিষয়া। নলিনী দাস চৌধুৰী কণ্ঠশিল্পী, ব্ৰজমোহন চৌধুৰী লোক নিৰ্মাণ বিভাগৰ অৱসৰপ্ৰাপ্ত অভিযন্তা, মীৰা দত্ত চৌধুৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত অভিনেত্ৰী, লেখিকা আৰু কণ্ঠশিল্পী আৰু বাবুল চৌধুৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত ব্যৱসায়ী। জোৱাই ডা: ভবানী দাস আৰু হিতেশ দত্ত। প্ৰয়াত হিতেশ দত্ত এগৰাকী প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত লেখক, নাট্যকাৰ, কেইবাখনো গ্ৰন্থৰ সম্পাদক, সমাজকৰ্মী আৰু কৃষি বিভাগৰ অৱসৰপ্ৰাপ্ত যুটীয়া সঞ্চালক। চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীৰ নাতিনী মেঘমল্লিকা দত্ত এগৰাকী নৃত্য শিল্পী তথা অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু মৃগলেখা দত্ত এগৰাকী প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি সম্পন্ন অভিনেত্ৰী। == বঁটা সন্মান স্বীকৃতি == ব্যৱসায়িক যাত্ৰাদলৰ পৰা ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰলৈকে নিজৰ ষাঠী বছৰীয়া অভিনয় জীৱনত চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে বিভিন্ন বঁটা, সন্মান আৰু স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত কেইটামান বটা, সন্মান, স্বীকৃতি এনেধৰণৰ : • ১১ জুন, ১৯৭২ চনত [[বৰপেটা জিলা]]ৰ বৰপেটা মিলন মন্দিৰে নাট্য জগতলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অনবদ্য অৱদানৰ বাবে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ''নাট্যসম্ৰাট'' অভিধা প্ৰদান কৰে। • ১৯৭৫ চনত গুৱাহাটীৰ ৰবীন্দ্ৰ ভৱনত শিল্পী দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসম চৰকাৰৰ দ্বাৰা চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক জনোৱা হয় শিল্পী সম্বৰ্ধনা। • ১৪ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ১৯৭৫ চনত তেজপুৰ সাহিত্য সভাই সন্মান জনায়। • ৩০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৭৯ চনত ডুমডুমা নাট্য সমিতি, ডুমডুমা টাউন কমিটি আৰু ডুমডুমা নবাৰুণ সংঘৰ তৰফৰ পৰা সম্বৰ্ধনা জ্ঞাপন। • ৩১ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৫ চনত কলাগুৰু বিষ্ণুপ্ৰসাদ ৰাভাৰ জন্ম দিৱস উপলক্ষে গুৱাহাটী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, আইন মহাবিদ্যালয় ছাত্ৰ সন্থাই সম্বৰ্ধনা জ্ঞাপন কৰে। • ১৯৯৮ চনত অসম চৰকাৰে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীলৈ মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে আগবঢ়ায় দহ হেজাৰ টকাৰ এককালীন শিল্পী সাহায্য। • ১৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ২০১১ চনত অসম নাট্য সন্মিলন ৪৯ সংখ্যক শিৱসাগৰ অধিৱেশনত মৰণোত্তৰভাৱে চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰীক প্ৰদান কৰা হয় ''ব্ৰজনাথ শৰ্মা বঁটা।''<ref name=hitesh></ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেতা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] s9r0xddy5kz1ng7uvplnvdxo92gfshb 4 136852 608850 608423 2026-05-26T11:34:26Z হানিফ আলী 19725 + 608850 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <center><span style="text-shadow:10px 10px 10px #FCE205; font-size:20px"><font color=#6A5ACD>'''''অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়াত সৃষ্ট মুঠ প্ৰবন্ধৰ সংখ্যা = {{En2As|165}} '''''</font></span></center> {{Rule|}} {{columns-list|2| # [[আয-যুখৰুফ]] # [[মেহতাব কেৰামতী]] # [[মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী]] # [[মিনা কাভানী]] # [[হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী]] # [[মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড]] # [[মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান]] # [[বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী]] # [[নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম]] # [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম]] # [[গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী]] # [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ]] # [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] # [[কোফটা]] # [[মাৰ্জান (গায়িকা)]] # [[আশ-শুৰা]] # [[বাৰান কোছাৰী]] # [[বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা]] # [[হিজাব আৰু শালীনতা বিধেয়ক]] # [[লেয়লা মিলানি]] # [[আলবেৰুণী]] # [[আলভাণ্ড]] # [[হাদিদ ১১০]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰ্যটন]] # [[ইৰানৰ জলবায়ু পৰিবৰ্তন]] # [[শকিলা]] # [[পাহলৱীৰ শাসনকালত ইৰানত মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] # [[ফুছিলত (ছূৰা)]] # [[মেৰিলা জাৰেই]] # [[বিতা ফাৰাহী]] # [[আনাহিতা দৰগাহী]] # [[নাজনীন বনিয়াদী]] # [[টালিছ পৰ্বতমালা]] # [[ফাৰ্চী language]] # [[পৰ্দীছ পোৰআবেদিনী]] # [[সোৰয়া ঘচেমী]] # [[চেতাৰে এস্কান্দাৰী]] # [[Wayback Machine]] # [[সাহাৰ ঘোৰেইচি]] # [[সাহাৰ জাকাৰিয়া]] # [[চদফ তাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[Draft:তেতেলিগুৰি গাওঁ]] # [[এলনাজ ৰেকাবি]] # [[তাৰহানা]] # [[জাজিম]] # [[উৎপল বৰকটকী]] # [[দেৱৰাজ মিলি]] # [[গ্বাফিৰ (ছূৰা)]] # [[খাজু দলং]] # [[নাহেন্দ্ৰ পাদুন]] # [[শ্ববনাম মোগাদ্দামী]] # [[শাহাব হোছেইনী]] # [[শ্বিৰিন আবেদীনিৰাদ]] # [[শ্ববনাম ঘোৰবানী]] # [[শ্ববনাম কোলিখানি]] # [[পেৰিছ চুক্তি]] # [[চহৰেহ আঘদাচলু]] # [[গোলাব আদিনেহ]] # [[বাৰামিন কাৰ্পেট]] # [[নাজলি তাবাতাবাই-খাটামবখছ]] # [[নিবেদন দাস পাটোৱাৰী]] # [[তায়ালা আছ]] # [[গণ্ডিছাপুৰ একাডেমী]] # [[জি৭]] # [[আজাদী টাৱাৰ]] # [[ইৰানৰ ইতিহাস]] # [[গন্ধিয়া]] # [[আয-জুমৰ]] # [[মহচেন য়েগানেহ]] # [[ব্ৰিক্‌ছ]] # [[অৰ্মিতা গেৰাভাণ্ডৰ মৃত্যু]] # [[আখালৰ চুক্তি]] # [[ইৰান-পাকিস্তান গেছ পাইপলাইন]] # [[ইৰানত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] # [[মাধৱ চন্দ্ৰ বৰা]] # [[ককৰোচ জনতা পাৰ্টি]] # [[ইৰানত অপৰাধ]] # [[নেদা হাছানী]] # [[আজাৰ নাফিচি]] # [[জিবা চিৰাজী]] # [[চীমা কালবাচী]] # [[চিমিন দানেশ্বৰ]] # [[অচিন্ত্য বৰুৱা]] # [[গুগুচ]] # [[পৰস্তু আহমদী]] # [[দ্বীপান্বিতা কলিতা]] # [[চহৰ দোলাতচাহী]] # [[লেইলা হাতামি]] # [[জৰ্জিয়া মেলোনি]] # [[শ্বিৰাজী চালাড]] # [[ধৰ্ম কান্ত মিলি]] # [[টেপে ছ'ফালিন]] # [[নাৎছীবাদ]] # [[আলী মিৰ্জা ছাফাভী]] # [[অমৃতা দেৱী বিষ্ণোই পৰিৱেশ সুৰক্ষা বঁটা]] # [[অট্টোমান আৰু ছাফাভিদ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ মাজত থকা কুটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক]] # [[ফাৰাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াত বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]] # [[Astrology]] # [[নেগাৰ জাৱাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[মহনাজ আফশ্বাৰ]] # [[গোলশ্বিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী]] # [[তাৰানেহ আলিদুস্তি]] # [[হেদিয়েহ তেহৰাণী]] # [[ধঁপাত প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[দানি চাপৰি]] # [[নৰেশ টাইড]] # [[তালাত বাছাৰী]] # [[বগা মেদক]] # [[অঞ্জনা পেগু]] # [[লাচিত বৰফুকন পুলিচ একাডেমী]] # [[দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] # [[শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কোকিলা সত্ৰ]] # [[অমলা আৰু কমলা]] # [[ছাদিক কায়েম]] # [[তুৰ্কমেঞ্চায়ৰ সন্ধি]] # [[প্ৰৱতী পাৰিদা]] # [[পবিত্ৰ ৰাভা (ৰাজনীতিক)]] # [[কেন্দ্ৰীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (ভাৰত)]] # [[ইৰানৰ গণমাধ্যম]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰিবেশৰ সমস্যা]] # [[মাৰ্কছ ৰড্ৰিগেজ পাণ্টোজা]] # [[প্ৰমথেশ বৰুৱা মহাবিদ্যালয়]] # [[মেৰিনা চেপমেন]] # [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[এন চন্দ্ৰবাবু নাইডু]] # [[আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান, হায়দৰাবাদ]] # [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা পাহলৱী]] # [[খেজাৰলি হত্যাকাণ্ড]] # [[অমৃতা দেৱী]] # [[হৰমুজৰ যুদ্ধ]] # [[এৰিক এৰিকছন]] # [[১৯৭৯ চনত তেহৰাণত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নাৰী দিৱসৰ প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[চাৰহ মিচিং]] # [[হোছেইন ফাতেমী]] # [[ইৰানৰ বন্যপ্ৰাণী]] # [[বন্য শিশু]] # [[দীনা শনিচৰ]] # [[কাংলু]] # [[প্ৰাচীন ইৰানৰ সংগ্ৰাহালয়]] # [[আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ পলায়ন]] # [[চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী]] # [[কুকু]] # [[ধুবুৰী বিধান সভা সমষ্টি]] # [[শ্বোম্পেন জনগোষ্ঠী]] # [[মিহৰ আলী]] # [[হোছেইন বেহজাদ]] # [[নৌৰুজ]] # [[ৰত্না দেৱনাথ]] # [[ফিৰদৌসী]] # [[কৃষ্ণ কুমাৰ সিংহ]] # [[জহৰা ৰহনাৱৰ্দ]] # [[হামিদ এনায়েত]] # [[অসম সৎনামী যুৱ পৰিষদ]] # [[নিৰ্দলীয়]] # [[শ্যামা প্ৰসাদ মুখাৰ্জী]] # [[শ্বাহ]] # [[মেট গালা]] # [[মানকাচৰ বিধান সভা সমষ্টি]] # [[খোৰাছান]] # [[এন্থনী লেগেট]] # [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]] # [[সাগৰীয় বতাহ]] # [[মোজতাবা আমানি]] # [[চাজ্জাদ মাৰ্দানী]] # [[ভাৰতীয় ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান গুৱাহাটী]] # [[ডিমৌ বিধানসভা সমষ্টি]] # [[মেৰুমুখ]] # [[গৰ্জনমুখৰ চল্লিছ]] # [[কুৰ্ড জাতি]] # [[শুভেন্দু অধিকাৰী]] # [[কালি আন্ধী]] # [[লু]] # [[পশ্চিম এছিয়া]] # [[অসমৰ সমজিলাসমূহৰ তলিকা]] # [[বতাহৰ গতি]] # [[ইৰানৰ ভিছা নীতি]] # [[ৱাজেদ আলী চৌধুৰী]] # [[মছনবী]] # [[শ্বামাল (বতাহ)]] # [[শ্বাৰকী বতাহ]] # [[গৌৰৱ বৰা]] # [[ছাত্তাৰ খান]] # [[বিৰসিং জৰুৱা বিধানসভা সমষ্টি]] # [[জীয়ানেজীয়া পখিলা]] # [[চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন]] # [[ইৰাণৰ সাহিত্য]] # [[টাই-আহোম সংখ্যা পদ্ধতি]] # [[ৰুমি]] }} <center><span style="text-shadow:10px 10px 10px #FCE205; font-size:20px"><font color=#6A5ACD>'''''অসমীয়া ৱিকিউদ্ধৃতিত সৃষ্ট মুঠ প্ৰবন্ধৰ সংখ্যা = {{En2As|8}} '''''</font></span></center> {{Rule|}} {{columns-list|2| # [[:q:শ্বিৰিন এবাদী|শ্বিৰিন এবাদী]] # [[:q:ইলিয়াছ আলী|ইলিয়াছ আলী]] # [[:q:প্ৰতিভা দেৱী সিং পাটিল|প্ৰতিভা দেৱী সিং পাটিল]] # [[:q:মালিহা খান|মালিহা খান]] # [[:q:বাৰ্বাৰা মেকক্লিনটক|বাৰ্বাৰা মেকক্লিনটক]] # [[:q:পাণিনি|পাণিনি]] # [[:q:সৌন্দৰ্য|সৌন্দৰ্য]] # [[:q:গেৰ্টি ক’ৰী|গেৰ্টি ক’ৰী]] }} tdc3yv70img5t8ologlm5ifieluws2c 608851 608850 2026-05-26T11:35:06Z হানিফ আলী 19725 +- 608851 wikitext text/x-wiki __NOTOC__ <center><span style="text-shadow:10px 10px 10px #FCE205; font-size:20px"><font color=#6A5ACD>'''''অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়াত সৃষ্ট মুঠ প্ৰবন্ধৰ সংখ্যা = {{En2As|190}} '''''</font></span></center> {{Rule|}} {{columns-list|2| # [[আয-যুখৰুফ]] # [[মেহতাব কেৰামতী]] # [[মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী]] # [[মিনা কাভানী]] # [[হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী]] # [[মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড]] # [[মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান]] # [[বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী]] # [[নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম]] # [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম]] # [[গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী]] # [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ]] # [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] # [[কোফটা]] # [[মাৰ্জান (গায়িকা)]] # [[আশ-শুৰা]] # [[বাৰান কোছাৰী]] # [[বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা]] # [[হিজাব আৰু শালীনতা বিধেয়ক]] # [[লেয়লা মিলানি]] # [[আলবেৰুণী]] # [[আলভাণ্ড]] # [[হাদিদ ১১০]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰ্যটন]] # [[ইৰানৰ জলবায়ু পৰিবৰ্তন]] # [[শকিলা]] # [[পাহলৱীৰ শাসনকালত ইৰানত মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] # [[ফুছিলত (ছূৰা)]] # [[মেৰিলা জাৰেই]] # [[বিতা ফাৰাহী]] # [[আনাহিতা দৰগাহী]] # [[নাজনীন বনিয়াদী]] # [[টালিছ পৰ্বতমালা]] # [[ফাৰ্চী language]] # [[পৰ্দীছ পোৰআবেদিনী]] # [[সোৰয়া ঘচেমী]] # [[চেতাৰে এস্কান্দাৰী]] # [[Wayback Machine]] # [[সাহাৰ ঘোৰেইচি]] # [[সাহাৰ জাকাৰিয়া]] # [[চদফ তাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[Draft:তেতেলিগুৰি গাওঁ]] # [[এলনাজ ৰেকাবি]] # [[তাৰহানা]] # [[জাজিম]] # [[উৎপল বৰকটকী]] # [[দেৱৰাজ মিলি]] # [[গ্বাফিৰ (ছূৰা)]] # [[খাজু দলং]] # [[নাহেন্দ্ৰ পাদুন]] # [[শ্ববনাম মোগাদ্দামী]] # [[শাহাব হোছেইনী]] # [[শ্বিৰিন আবেদীনিৰাদ]] # [[শ্ববনাম ঘোৰবানী]] # [[শ্ববনাম কোলিখানি]] # [[পেৰিছ চুক্তি]] # [[চহৰেহ আঘদাচলু]] # [[গোলাব আদিনেহ]] # [[বাৰামিন কাৰ্পেট]] # [[নাজলি তাবাতাবাই-খাটামবখছ]] # [[নিবেদন দাস পাটোৱাৰী]] # [[তায়ালা আছ]] # [[গণ্ডিছাপুৰ একাডেমী]] # [[জি৭]] # [[আজাদী টাৱাৰ]] # [[ইৰানৰ ইতিহাস]] # [[গন্ধিয়া]] # [[আয-জুমৰ]] # [[মহচেন য়েগানেহ]] # [[ব্ৰিক্‌ছ]] # [[অৰ্মিতা গেৰাভাণ্ডৰ মৃত্যু]] # [[আখালৰ চুক্তি]] # [[ইৰান-পাকিস্তান গেছ পাইপলাইন]] # [[ইৰানত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] # [[মাধৱ চন্দ্ৰ বৰা]] # [[ককৰোচ জনতা পাৰ্টি]] # [[ইৰানত অপৰাধ]] # [[নেদা হাছানী]] # [[আজাৰ নাফিচি]] # [[জিবা চিৰাজী]] # [[চীমা কালবাচী]] # [[চিমিন দানেশ্বৰ]] # [[অচিন্ত্য বৰুৱা]] # [[গুগুচ]] # [[পৰস্তু আহমদী]] # [[দ্বীপান্বিতা কলিতা]] # [[চহৰ দোলাতচাহী]] # [[লেইলা হাতামি]] # [[জৰ্জিয়া মেলোনি]] # [[শ্বিৰাজী চালাড]] # [[ধৰ্ম কান্ত মিলি]] # [[টেপে ছ'ফালিন]] # [[নাৎছীবাদ]] # [[আলী মিৰ্জা ছাফাভী]] # [[অমৃতা দেৱী বিষ্ণোই পৰিৱেশ সুৰক্ষা বঁটা]] # [[অট্টোমান আৰু ছাফাভিদ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ মাজত থকা কুটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক]] # [[ফাৰাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াত বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]] # [[Astrology]] # [[নেগাৰ জাৱাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[মহনাজ আফশ্বাৰ]] # [[গোলশ্বিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী]] # [[তাৰানেহ আলিদুস্তি]] # [[হেদিয়েহ তেহৰাণী]] # [[ধঁপাত প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[দানি চাপৰি]] # [[নৰেশ টাইড]] # [[তালাত বাছাৰী]] # [[বগা মেদক]] # [[অঞ্জনা পেগু]] # [[লাচিত বৰফুকন পুলিচ একাডেমী]] # [[দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] # [[শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কোকিলা সত্ৰ]] # [[অমলা আৰু কমলা]] # [[ছাদিক কায়েম]] # [[তুৰ্কমেঞ্চায়ৰ সন্ধি]] # [[প্ৰৱতী পাৰিদা]] # [[পবিত্ৰ ৰাভা (ৰাজনীতিক)]] # [[কেন্দ্ৰীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (ভাৰত)]] # [[ইৰানৰ গণমাধ্যম]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰিবেশৰ সমস্যা]] # [[মাৰ্কছ ৰড্ৰিগেজ পাণ্টোজা]] # [[প্ৰমথেশ বৰুৱা মহাবিদ্যালয়]] # [[মেৰিনা চেপমেন]] # [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[এন চন্দ্ৰবাবু নাইডু]] # [[আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান, হায়দৰাবাদ]] # [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা পাহলৱী]] # [[খেজাৰলি হত্যাকাণ্ড]] # [[অমৃতা দেৱী]] # [[হৰমুজৰ যুদ্ধ]] # [[এৰিক এৰিকছন]] # [[১৯৭৯ চনত তেহৰাণত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নাৰী দিৱসৰ প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[চাৰহ মিচিং]] # [[হোছেইন ফাতেমী]] # [[ইৰানৰ বন্যপ্ৰাণী]] # [[বন্য শিশু]] # [[দীনা শনিচৰ]] # [[কাংলু]] # [[প্ৰাচীন ইৰানৰ সংগ্ৰাহালয়]] # [[আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ পলায়ন]] # [[চন্দ্ৰ চৌধুৰী]] # [[কুকু]] # [[ধুবুৰী বিধান সভা সমষ্টি]] # [[শ্বোম্পেন জনগোষ্ঠী]] # [[মিহৰ আলী]] # [[হোছেইন বেহজাদ]] # [[নৌৰুজ]] # [[ৰত্না দেৱনাথ]] # [[ফিৰদৌসী]] # [[কৃষ্ণ কুমাৰ সিংহ]] # [[জহৰা ৰহনাৱৰ্দ]] # [[হামিদ এনায়েত]] # [[অসম সৎনামী যুৱ পৰিষদ]] # [[নিৰ্দলীয়]] # [[শ্যামা প্ৰসাদ মুখাৰ্জী]] # [[শ্বাহ]] # [[মেট গালা]] # [[মানকাচৰ বিধান সভা সমষ্টি]] # [[খোৰাছান]] # [[এন্থনী লেগেট]] # [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]] # [[সাগৰীয় বতাহ]] # [[মোজতাবা আমানি]] # [[চাজ্জাদ মাৰ্দানী]] # [[ভাৰতীয় ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান গুৱাহাটী]] # [[ডিমৌ বিধানসভা সমষ্টি]] # [[মেৰুমুখ]] # [[গৰ্জনমুখৰ চল্লিছ]] # [[কুৰ্ড জাতি]] # [[শুভেন্দু অধিকাৰী]] # [[কালি আন্ধী]] # [[লু]] # [[পশ্চিম এছিয়া]] # [[অসমৰ সমজিলাসমূহৰ তলিকা]] # [[বতাহৰ গতি]] # [[ইৰানৰ ভিছা নীতি]] # [[ৱাজেদ আলী চৌধুৰী]] # [[মছনবী]] # [[শ্বামাল (বতাহ)]] # [[শ্বাৰকী বতাহ]] # [[গৌৰৱ বৰা]] # [[ছাত্তাৰ খান]] # [[বিৰসিং জৰুৱা বিধানসভা সমষ্টি]] # [[জীয়ানেজীয়া পখিলা]] # [[চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন]] # [[ইৰাণৰ সাহিত্য]] # [[টাই-আহোম সংখ্যা পদ্ধতি]] # [[ৰুমি]] }} <center><span style="text-shadow:10px 10px 10px #FCE205; font-size:20px"><font color=#6A5ACD>'''''অসমীয়া ৱিকিউদ্ধৃতিত সৃষ্ট মুঠ প্ৰবন্ধৰ সংখ্যা = {{En2As|8}} '''''</font></span></center> {{Rule|}} {{columns-list|2| # [[:q:শ্বিৰিন এবাদী|শ্বিৰিন এবাদী]] # [[:q:ইলিয়াছ আলী|ইলিয়াছ আলী]] # [[:q:প্ৰতিভা দেৱী সিং পাটিল|প্ৰতিভা দেৱী সিং পাটিল]] # [[:q:মালিহা খান|মালিহা খান]] # [[:q:বাৰ্বাৰা মেকক্লিনটক|বাৰ্বাৰা মেকক্লিনটক]] # [[:q:পাণিনি|পাণিনি]] # [[:q:সৌন্দৰ্য|সৌন্দৰ্য]] # [[:q:গেৰ্টি ক’ৰী|গেৰ্টি ক’ৰী]] }} 11of3yipwmz6s2vy86kmg7cixxu5ao9 0 136874 608733 608474 2026-05-25T22:34:40Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}}{{Infobox settlement | name = চাৰহ মিচিং <br/>Charoh Mising | settlement_type = গাঁও | image_skyline = Charoh Mising from Dergaon- April 2026.jpg | pushpin_map = India Assam | pushpin_map_caption = [[অসম]]ত চাৰহ মিচিং গাঁৱৰ অৱস্থান | pushpin_label_position = left | subdivision_type = দেশ | subdivision_name = [[ভাৰত]] | subdivision_type1 = ৰাজ্য | subdivision_name1 = [[অসম]] | subdivision_type2 = জিলা | subdivision_name2 = [[গোলাঘাট জিলা]] | population_total = 1000ৰ অধিক | population_as_of = ২০১১ | postal_code = 785614 | registration_plate = AS-05 }} '''চাৰহ মিচিং ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী:]] Charoh Mising)''' [[অসম]]ৰ [[গোলাঘাট জিলা]]ৰ [[দেৰগাঁও]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত এখন উল্লেখযোগ্য [[মিচিং]] গাঁও। ই ১০৪ নং দেৰগাঁও বিধানসভা সমষ্টি আৰু ১০ নং কাজিৰঙা লোকসভা সমষ্টিৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। == নামকৰণ == এই গাঁওখনত বাস কৰা [[মিচিং]]সকলৰ ভিতৰত ''চাৰহ'' উপাধিৰ মানুহ অধিক থকা বাবে গাঁওখনৰ নাম ''চাৰহ মিচিং'' হিচাপে নামকৰণ কৰা হয় বুলি স্থানীয় লোকে মত প্ৰকাশ কৰে। == ভৌগোলিক বিৱৰণ == ইয়াৰ চাৰিসীমা― পূবে যোৰহাট জিলা; পশ্চিমে বোকাখাত; উত্তৰে ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ নদী আৰু দক্ষিণে ৩৭ নং ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঘাইপথ। ই দেৰগাঁও চাৰিআলিৰপৰা ৯ কিলোমিটাৰ আৰু ৰঙামাটিৰপৰা ৬ কিলোমিটাৰ উত্তৰত অৱস্থিত। গাঁওখনৰ মাজেৰে [[দিচৈ নদী]] বৈ গৈছে।গাঁওখন দেৰগাঁও উত্তৰ উন্নয়ন খণ্ডৰ পশ্চিম ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ গাঁও পঞ্চায়তৰ অন্তৰ্গত।<ref>https://nregastrep.nic.in/Netnrega/writereaddata/citizen_out/WA_0414001_0414001003_WH_9010199999.html Ministry of rural Development. আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে</ref> == যাতায়াত == <mapframe latitude="30" longitude="0" zoom="2" width="303" height="230">{ "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 93.89799, 26.725044 ] } } ] }</mapframe> [[দেৰগাঁও]] চহৰৰ পৰা চাৰহ মিচিং গাঁৱলৈ যাব পৰা যাতায়াত ব্যৱস্থা আছে। == সমাজ জীৱন আৰু জনগাঁথনি == গাঁওখনৰ মিচিং লোকসকলে প্ৰধানকৈ চাংঘৰ সাজি বাস কৰে। অৱশ্যে বৰ্তমান সময়ত শিল, ইটা, চিমেণ্টেৰে সজা চাংঘৰৰ লগতে মাটিৰে সজা ঘৰো দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। গাঁৱখনৰ বেছিভাগ লোকেই কৃষি আৰু বেহা-বেপাৰ কৰি অৰ্থোপাৰ্জন কৰে। প্ৰত্যেক ঘৰতে হাঁহ-কুকুৰা, গাহৰি আদি পোহাৰ পৰম্পৰা আছে। দৈনন্দিন জীৱনত বিভিন্ন সকাম-নিকাম, বিয়া-সবাহ, উৎসৱ-পাৰ্ৱণ আদিৰ বাবে আৰু লগতে আলহী-অতিথিক আপ্যায়ন কৰিবৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকৰ থলুৱা পানীয় [[আপং]] (নগিন আপং আৰু প:ৰ: আপং) প্ৰস্তত কৰে। এই মিচিং গাঁওখনত মিচিংসকলৰ অন্যতম ফৈদ পাগ্‌ৰ ফৈদৰ লোকে বসবাস কৰে। গাঁওখনত মিলি, চাৰহ, পাওঁ, মৰাং এইকেইটা মিচিং উপাধিৰ মানুহ দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ঘৰুৱা জীৱনত তেওঁলোকে মাতৃভাষা হিচাপে [[মিচিং ভাষা]] ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে পাৰস্পৰিক যোগাযোগৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত [[অসমীয়া ভাষা]]ও ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। বৰ্তমান গাঁওখনত প্ৰায় এহেজাৰৰ ওপৰত জনসংখ্যা আছে। ইয়াৰে ৯৯ শতাংশই অনুসূচীত জনজাতি (ভৈয়াম)ৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোক। == উৎসৱ-পাৰ্ৱণ == মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠীৰ এই গাঁওখনত কৃষিভিত্তিক উৎসৱ [[আলি আঃয়ে লৃগাং]] আৰু [[পঃৰাগ]] উৎসৱ উদ্‌যাপন কৰা দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও দৈনন্দিন জীৱনত নানান পূজা-পাতল, যেনে [[দবুৰ পূজা]] আদি পালন কৰে। == অনুষ্ঠান-প্ৰতিষ্ঠান == চাৰহ মিচিং গাঁৱত দুটা [[নামঘৰ]] (Ríkkong  আৰু Rígdum), এটা মুৰং অকুম, এখন প্ৰথমিক বিদ্যালয়,<ref>https://schools.org.in/golaghat/18180305604/chara-mising-lps.html আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে</ref> এখন মধ্য ইংৰাজী বিদ্যালয়, এখন উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক বালিকা বিদ্যালয়, তিনিটা অংগনবাড়ি কেন্দ্ৰ আৰু এটা যুৱক সংঘ (Charoh Mising Lolat Youth Club) আছে।<ref>https://rfsfinance.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/rfs_finance_uneecopscloud_com_oid_75/portlet/level_1/files/ngo_registered_for_the_year_2017-18.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909005359/https://rfsfinance.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/swf_utility_folder/departments/rfs_finance_uneecopscloud_com_oid_75/portlet/level_1/files/ngo_registered_for_the_year_2017-18.pdf |date=2024-09-09 }} আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে। পৃ,৬০ ১৬ মে', ২০২৬</ref> == চিত্ৰ বীথিকা == <gallery> চিত্ৰ:Sunset view at Charoh Mising Village,Dergaon, Assam.jpg|চাৰহ মিচিং গাঁৱৰ সূৰ্যাস্ত চিত্ৰ:The Girls High School located in Charoh Mising Village.jpg|চাৰহ মিচিং গাঁৱত অৱস্থিত শ্বহীদ স্মৃতি খকন্দগুৰি উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয় চিত্ৰ:Jurki, a fishing tool used in Charoh Mising Village, Assam.jpg|জুৰকি, চাৰহ মিচিং গাঁৱত ব্যৱহৃত এবিধ মাছ ধৰা সঁজুলি চিত্ৰ:A view of Ali Ayé Lígang celebrated in Charoh Mising Village.jpg|গাঁওখনত উদযাপিত আলি আ:য়ে লৃগাঙৰ দৃশ্য চিত্ৰ:Taléng okum Charoh Mising, Dergaon, Assam.jpg|চাৰহ মিচিং গাঁৱত এটি চাংঘৰৰ ভিতৰৰ দৃশ্য চিত্ৰ:Fishing in the Disoi River at Charoh Mising Village, Assam, India.jpg|চাৰহ মিচিং গাঁৱৰ মাজেৰে বৈ যোৱা দিচৈ নদীত মাছ ধৰি থকা অৱস্থাত চিত্ৰ:View of the Disoi River at Charoh Mising Village, Assam, India.jpg|চাৰহ মিচিং গাঁৱত দিচৈ নদীৰ দৃশ্য চিত্ৰ:A girl in traditional Mising attire in a crop field in Charoh Mising, Dergaon, Assam.jpg|গাঁওখনৰ এখন পথাৰত পৰম্পৰাগত সাজেৰে এগৰাকী যুৱতী চিত্ৰ:Ploughing the land in Charoh Mising, Dergaon, Assam, India.jpg|আধুনিক সৰু যন্ত্ৰৰ দ্বাৰা মাটি চহ কৰাৰ দৃশ্য </gallery> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ গাঁও]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গোলাঘাট জিলা]] ghpr0stqmm8u4l9febrck045lqopm38 0 136904 608645 608575 2026-05-25T15:39:07Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Hindu temple | name = শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কোকিলা সত্ৰ | native_name = অদলাগুৰী সত্ৰ | proper_name = অদলাগুৰী সত্ৰ | image = | image_size = | caption = শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কোকিলা সত্ৰৰ মূল আসন | established = ১৮১৫ চন | founder = শ্ৰী বলভদ্ৰ দেৱ | chief = শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হেৰম্ব কুমাৰ গোস্বামী দেৱ (৭ম জনা সত্ৰাধিকাৰ) | affiliation = হৰিদেৱীয় পৰম্পৰা (ব্ৰহ্ম সংহতি) | location = অদলাগুৰী গাঁও, মাণিকপুৰ, বঙাইগাঁও জিলা, অসম | state = অসম | country = ভাৰত 🇮🇳 | pushpin_map = India Assam | pushpin_map_caption = অসম মানচিত্ৰত কোকিলা সত্ৰৰ অৱস্থান | latd = 26 | latm = 25 | lats = 20 | latNS = N | longd = 90 | longm = 48 | longs = 35 | longEW = E }} '''শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কোকিলা সত্ৰ''' ('''Shri Shri Kokila Satra'''/বিকল্প নাম: '''অদলাগুৰী সত্ৰ /Adlaguri Satra''') হৈছে অসমৰ বঙাইগাঁও জিলাৰ মাণিকপুৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত অদলাগুৰী গাঁৱত অৱস্থিত এখন ঐতিহাসিক সত্ৰ। এই সত্ৰখন মহাপুৰুষ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিদেৱৰ আদৰ্শৰে পৰিচালিত "হৰিদেৱী পৰম্পৰা" (ব্ৰহ্ম সংহতি)ৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ইয়াত বৈষ্ণৱ নাম-কীৰ্তনৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে বৈদিক নীতি-নিয়ম অনুসৰি প্ৰাচীন আসন, ভগৱানৰ পৱিত্ৰ শিলা-বিগ্ৰহ তথা শালিগ্ৰাম শিলা, চতুৰ্ভুজ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী শ্ৰীকৃষ্ণ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী গোপাল কৃষ্ণ মূৰ্তি আৰু শ্ৰী শ্ৰী দৌলগোবিন্দ প্ৰভুৰ মূৰ্তিৰ চৰণত পূজা - অৰ্চনা কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">তথ্য:- বেদাচাৰ্য শ্ৰীশ্ৰীজগন্নাথ দেৱৰ সত্ৰসমূহ আৰু বংশাৱলী (১৯৭৭)(পৃষ্ঠা নং ১০), সংগ্ৰাহক: শ্ৰী দামোদৰ দেৱ গোস্বামী। </ref> == স্থাপন কাল আৰু ৰাজকীয় পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা == এই সত্ৰখনৰ ঐতিহাসিক আৰম্ভণি ১৮১৫ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত হৈছিল। মহাপুৰুষ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিদেৱ আৰু বেদাচাৰ্য শ্ৰী শ্ৰী জগন্নাথ দেৱৰ (শ্ৰীমতী বনমালা দেৱীৰ স্বামী) ফালৰ বংশধৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী পুৰুষোত্তম দেৱৰ (কলীয়া গোঁসাই) নাতিয়েক শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বলভদ্ৰ দেৱে এই সত্ৰখন স্থাপন কৰিছিল। তেতিয়াৰ বিজনীৰ জমিদাৰ (ৰজা) বলিত নাৰায়ণ ভূপবাহাদুৰে স্বয়ং এই সত্ৰৰ নামত ৩৫০ বিঘা মাটি চৰকাৰীভাৱে দান কৰিছিল আৰু এই পৱিত্ৰ ভূমিত শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বলভদ্ৰ দেৱে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ বুকুত অৱস্থিত কোকিলা চৰত এই সত্ৰখনৰ ভেটি প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /> == ভৌগোলিক স্থানান্তৰণ (কোকিলা চৰৰ পৰা অদলাগুৰীলৈ) == ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ তীব্ৰ গৰাখহনীয়াৰ বাবে মূল কোকিলা চৰৰ সত্ৰভূমি বিপদাপন্ন হৈ পৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত সত্ৰৰ পৱিত্ৰতা ৰক্ষা কৰিবলৈ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বলভদ্ৰ দেৱৰ নাতিৰ পুত্ৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিশ্চন্দ্ৰ দেৱে ১৮৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত কোকিলা চৰৰ পৰা সৰ্বস্ব উঠাই আনে। তীব্ৰ বানপানীৰ মাজতো তেওঁ সত্ৰৰ মূল মণিকূটৰ আদি শিলা-বিগ্ৰহসমূহ, শালিগ্ৰাম শিলা, প্ৰাচীন আসন,চতুৰ্ভুজ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী শ্ৰীকৃষ্ণ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী গোপাল কৃষ্ণ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী দৌলগোবিন্দ মূৰ্তি আৰু পুৰণি সাঁচিপাতৰ পুথিসমূহ সুৰক্ষিতভাৱে কঢ়িয়াই আনি অদলাগুৰী গাঁৱত চিৰদিনৰ বাবে প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। ১৮৯২ চনৰ পৰা সমগ্ৰ গোস্বামী পৰিয়াল আৰু সত্ৰখন এককভাৱে অদলাগুৰীতেই স্থায়ীভাৱে অৱস্থিত।<ref name=":0" /> == সত্ৰাধিকাৰ আৰু বংশ পৰম্পৰা == ১৮১৫ চনৰে পৰাই গোস্বামী বংশধৰসকলে অতি নিষ্ঠাৰে এই সত্ৰৰ ধৰ্মীয় পৰম্পৰা কঢ়িয়াই আনিছে। এই পৱিত্ৰ বংশানুক্ৰমিক ধাৰাটো শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিশ্চন্দ্ৰ দেৱ, তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ শ্ৰীদামোদৰ দেৱ গোস্বামী আৰু পুত্ৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰগোবিন্দ দেৱ গোস্বামীৰ জৰিয়তে বৰ্তমানৰ প্ৰজন্মলৈ বৈ আহিছে। বৰ্তমান কোকিলা সত্ৰৰ শ্ৰদ্ধেয় ৭ম জনা সত্ৰাধিকাৰ হৈছে শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হেৰম্ব কুমাৰ গোস্বামী দেৱ।<ref name=":0" /> == বৰ্তমান স্থিতি == সত্ৰাধিকাৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হেৰম্ব কুমাৰ গোস্বামী দেৱৰ নিৰ্দেশনা ও সাময়িক অনুপস্থিতিত তেওঁৰ কনিষ্ঠ পুত্ৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী সৌৰভ কুমাৰ গোস্বামীয়ে উত্তৰাধিকাৰী বা সেৱাধিকাৰ হিচাপে সত্ৰৰ মূল মণিকূটৰ দৈনিক নীতি-নিয়ম, পূজা-পাতল আৰু পৰিচালনাৰ গধুৰ দায়িত্ব পালন কৰি আহিছে। পৰিয়ালটোৰ আন সদস্যসকল হৈছে মাতৃ শ্ৰীমতী গোলাপী গোস্বামী আৰু জ্যেষ্ঠ পুত্ৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বিকাশ গোস্বামী। এই ঐতিহ্য মণ্ডিত সত্ৰ খন সত্ৰাধিকাৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হেৰম্ব কুমাৰ গোস্বামী দেৱে চৰকাৰী পঞ্জীয়ভুক্ত কৰিবলৈ বহু চেষ্টা কৰে যদিও বৰ্তমানো চৰকাৰী পঞ্জীয়ন বা বাহ্যিক সাহায্য নোহোৱাকৈয়ে কেৱল অপৰিসীম ভক্তি আৰু নিষ্ঠাৰ জোৰত এই আদিম ঐতিহ্য জীয়াই ৰখা হৈছে। যদিও বিজনী ৰজাই দান কৰা ৩৫০ বিঘা মাটি বৰ্তমান কালৰ সোঁততেই হওক বা চৰকাৰী ভূমি অধিগ্ৰহণৰ ফলতেই হওক সত্ৰৰ হাতত নাই, তথাপিও ১৮১৫ চনৰ সেই পুৰণি ঐতিহ্য, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিদেৱৰ তিথি, দৌল উৎসৱৰ নিয়ম আৰু পৱিত্ৰ সম্পদসমূহ অদলাগুৰিৰ এই কোকিলা সত্ৰত আজিও পূৰ্বৰ দৰেই পৱিত্ৰ হৈ জিলিকি আছে।<ref name=":0" /> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == * ''বেদাচাৰ্য শ্ৰীশ্ৰীজগন্নাথ দেৱৰ সত্ৰসমূহ আৰু বংশাৱলী'' (১৯৭৭), সংগ্ৰাহক: শ্ৰীদামোদৰ দেৱ গোস্বামী। cq6oake25dl3aoqx4vmmy19zgamp16b 608646 608645 2026-05-25T15:39:31Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 added [[Category:বিশেষ সংশোধনৰ প্ৰয়োজন থকা প্ৰবন্ধ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Hindu temple | name = শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কোকিলা সত্ৰ | native_name = অদলাগুৰী সত্ৰ | proper_name = অদলাগুৰী সত্ৰ | image = | image_size = | caption = শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কোকিলা সত্ৰৰ মূল আসন | established = ১৮১৫ চন | founder = শ্ৰী বলভদ্ৰ দেৱ | chief = শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হেৰম্ব কুমাৰ গোস্বামী দেৱ (৭ম জনা সত্ৰাধিকাৰ) | affiliation = হৰিদেৱীয় পৰম্পৰা (ব্ৰহ্ম সংহতি) | location = অদলাগুৰী গাঁও, মাণিকপুৰ, বঙাইগাঁও জিলা, অসম | state = অসম | country = ভাৰত 🇮🇳 | pushpin_map = India Assam | pushpin_map_caption = অসম মানচিত্ৰত কোকিলা সত্ৰৰ অৱস্থান | latd = 26 | latm = 25 | lats = 20 | latNS = N | longd = 90 | longm = 48 | longs = 35 | longEW = E }} '''শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কোকিলা সত্ৰ''' ('''Shri Shri Kokila Satra'''/বিকল্প নাম: '''অদলাগুৰী সত্ৰ /Adlaguri Satra''') হৈছে অসমৰ বঙাইগাঁও জিলাৰ মাণিকপুৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত অদলাগুৰী গাঁৱত অৱস্থিত এখন ঐতিহাসিক সত্ৰ। এই সত্ৰখন মহাপুৰুষ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিদেৱৰ আদৰ্শৰে পৰিচালিত "হৰিদেৱী পৰম্পৰা" (ব্ৰহ্ম সংহতি)ৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ইয়াত বৈষ্ণৱ নাম-কীৰ্তনৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে বৈদিক নীতি-নিয়ম অনুসৰি প্ৰাচীন আসন, ভগৱানৰ পৱিত্ৰ শিলা-বিগ্ৰহ তথা শালিগ্ৰাম শিলা, চতুৰ্ভুজ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী শ্ৰীকৃষ্ণ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী গোপাল কৃষ্ণ মূৰ্তি আৰু শ্ৰী শ্ৰী দৌলগোবিন্দ প্ৰভুৰ মূৰ্তিৰ চৰণত পূজা - অৰ্চনা কৰা হয়।<ref name=":0">তথ্য:- বেদাচাৰ্য শ্ৰীশ্ৰীজগন্নাথ দেৱৰ সত্ৰসমূহ আৰু বংশাৱলী (১৯৭৭)(পৃষ্ঠা নং ১০), সংগ্ৰাহক: শ্ৰী দামোদৰ দেৱ গোস্বামী। </ref> == স্থাপন কাল আৰু ৰাজকীয় পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা == এই সত্ৰখনৰ ঐতিহাসিক আৰম্ভণি ১৮১৫ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত হৈছিল। মহাপুৰুষ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিদেৱ আৰু বেদাচাৰ্য শ্ৰী শ্ৰী জগন্নাথ দেৱৰ (শ্ৰীমতী বনমালা দেৱীৰ স্বামী) ফালৰ বংশধৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী পুৰুষোত্তম দেৱৰ (কলীয়া গোঁসাই) নাতিয়েক শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বলভদ্ৰ দেৱে এই সত্ৰখন স্থাপন কৰিছিল। তেতিয়াৰ বিজনীৰ জমিদাৰ (ৰজা) বলিত নাৰায়ণ ভূপবাহাদুৰে স্বয়ং এই সত্ৰৰ নামত ৩৫০ বিঘা মাটি চৰকাৰীভাৱে দান কৰিছিল আৰু এই পৱিত্ৰ ভূমিত শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বলভদ্ৰ দেৱে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ বুকুত অৱস্থিত কোকিলা চৰত এই সত্ৰখনৰ ভেটি প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /> == ভৌগোলিক স্থানান্তৰণ (কোকিলা চৰৰ পৰা অদলাগুৰীলৈ) == ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰৰ তীব্ৰ গৰাখহনীয়াৰ বাবে মূল কোকিলা চৰৰ সত্ৰভূমি বিপদাপন্ন হৈ পৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত সত্ৰৰ পৱিত্ৰতা ৰক্ষা কৰিবলৈ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বলভদ্ৰ দেৱৰ নাতিৰ পুত্ৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিশ্চন্দ্ৰ দেৱে ১৮৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত কোকিলা চৰৰ পৰা সৰ্বস্ব উঠাই আনে। তীব্ৰ বানপানীৰ মাজতো তেওঁ সত্ৰৰ মূল মণিকূটৰ আদি শিলা-বিগ্ৰহসমূহ, শালিগ্ৰাম শিলা, প্ৰাচীন আসন,চতুৰ্ভুজ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী শ্ৰীকৃষ্ণ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী গোপাল কৃষ্ণ মূৰ্তি, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী দৌলগোবিন্দ মূৰ্তি আৰু পুৰণি সাঁচিপাতৰ পুথিসমূহ সুৰক্ষিতভাৱে কঢ়িয়াই আনি অদলাগুৰী গাঁৱত চিৰদিনৰ বাবে প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। ১৮৯২ চনৰ পৰা সমগ্ৰ গোস্বামী পৰিয়াল আৰু সত্ৰখন এককভাৱে অদলাগুৰীতেই স্থায়ীভাৱে অৱস্থিত।<ref name=":0" /> == সত্ৰাধিকাৰ আৰু বংশ পৰম্পৰা == ১৮১৫ চনৰে পৰাই গোস্বামী বংশধৰসকলে অতি নিষ্ঠাৰে এই সত্ৰৰ ধৰ্মীয় পৰম্পৰা কঢ়িয়াই আনিছে। এই পৱিত্ৰ বংশানুক্ৰমিক ধাৰাটো শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিশ্চন্দ্ৰ দেৱ, তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ শ্ৰীদামোদৰ দেৱ গোস্বামী আৰু পুত্ৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰগোবিন্দ দেৱ গোস্বামীৰ জৰিয়তে বৰ্তমানৰ প্ৰজন্মলৈ বৈ আহিছে। বৰ্তমান কোকিলা সত্ৰৰ শ্ৰদ্ধেয় ৭ম জনা সত্ৰাধিকাৰ হৈছে শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হেৰম্ব কুমাৰ গোস্বামী দেৱ।<ref name=":0" /> == বৰ্তমান স্থিতি == সত্ৰাধিকাৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হেৰম্ব কুমাৰ গোস্বামী দেৱৰ নিৰ্দেশনা ও সাময়িক অনুপস্থিতিত তেওঁৰ কনিষ্ঠ পুত্ৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী সৌৰভ কুমাৰ গোস্বামীয়ে উত্তৰাধিকাৰী বা সেৱাধিকাৰ হিচাপে সত্ৰৰ মূল মণিকূটৰ দৈনিক নীতি-নিয়ম, পূজা-পাতল আৰু পৰিচালনাৰ গধুৰ দায়িত্ব পালন কৰি আহিছে। পৰিয়ালটোৰ আন সদস্যসকল হৈছে মাতৃ শ্ৰীমতী গোলাপী গোস্বামী আৰু জ্যেষ্ঠ পুত্ৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী বিকাশ গোস্বামী। এই ঐতিহ্য মণ্ডিত সত্ৰ খন সত্ৰাধিকাৰ শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হেৰম্ব কুমাৰ গোস্বামী দেৱে চৰকাৰী পঞ্জীয়ভুক্ত কৰিবলৈ বহু চেষ্টা কৰে যদিও বৰ্তমানো চৰকাৰী পঞ্জীয়ন বা বাহ্যিক সাহায্য নোহোৱাকৈয়ে কেৱল অপৰিসীম ভক্তি আৰু নিষ্ঠাৰ জোৰত এই আদিম ঐতিহ্য জীয়াই ৰখা হৈছে। যদিও বিজনী ৰজাই দান কৰা ৩৫০ বিঘা মাটি বৰ্তমান কালৰ সোঁততেই হওক বা চৰকাৰী ভূমি অধিগ্ৰহণৰ ফলতেই হওক সত্ৰৰ হাতত নাই, তথাপিও ১৮১৫ চনৰ সেই পুৰণি ঐতিহ্য, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী হৰিদেৱৰ তিথি, দৌল উৎসৱৰ নিয়ম আৰু পৱিত্ৰ সম্পদসমূহ অদলাগুৰিৰ এই কোকিলা সত্ৰত আজিও পূৰ্বৰ দৰেই পৱিত্ৰ হৈ জিলিকি আছে।<ref name=":0" /> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == * ''বেদাচাৰ্য শ্ৰীশ্ৰীজগন্নাথ দেৱৰ সত্ৰসমূহ আৰু বংশাৱলী'' (১৯৭৭), সংগ্ৰাহক: শ্ৰীদামোদৰ দেৱ গোস্বামী। [[শ্ৰেণী:বিশেষ সংশোধনৰ প্ৰয়োজন থকা প্ৰবন্ধ]] moueqj9g4vaelibacy84ojzirhibck2 0 136910 608857 607177 2026-05-26T11:40:13Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious group |group = দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ হিন্দু |image = Hinduism Expansion in Asia.svg |caption = দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াত [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]]ৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ |image_size = 250px |population= {{Circa|'''৭,৯৩৩,৭১৭'''|lk=yes}}{{increase}} <br />(জনসংখ্যাৰ ১.৪০%) | languages = {{Plainlist| * '''পৱিত্ৰ ভাষা:'''<br />{{Hlist|[[পৱিত্ৰ ভাষা#হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|সংস্কৃত]] আৰু... [[তামিল ভাষা|তামিল]] (কিছু পৰিমাণে)}}<ref name="Wiley-Blackwell1">{{cite book|last1 = Johnson|first1 = Todd M.|last2 = Grim|first2 = Brian J.|title = The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography|url = http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf|access-date = 24 November 2015|year = 2013|publisher = Wiley-Blackwell|location = Hoboken, NJ|pages = 10|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131020100448/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/47/04706745/0470674547-196.pdf|archive-date = 20 October 2013}}</ref> }} '''প্ৰধান কথিত ভাষা:'''<br />{{Hlist| [[বালি ভাষা|বালিনী]] |[[তামিল ভাষা|তামিল]] | [[জাভানী ভাষা|জাভানিজ]] | [[টেংগেৰেজ উপভাষা|টেংগেৰেজ]] | [[অসিং ভাষা|অসিং]] | [[চাম ভাষা|চাম]] | [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান ভাষা|ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান]] | [[মালয় ভাষা|মালয়]] | [[দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ ভাষা|অন্য দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ ভাষা]] | ইংৰাজী | আৰু অন্যান্য}} |region1 = [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া]] |pop1 = ৪,৬৪৬,৩৫৭ |ref1=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010_5/168356.htm|title=religion in Indonesia|website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> |region2=[[মালয়েছিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|মালয়েছিয়া]] |pop2=১,৯৪৯,৮৫০ |ref2=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2777.htm|title=religion in Malaysia|website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> |region3=[[ম্যানমাৰত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|ম্যানমাৰ]] |pop3=৮২০,০০০ |ref3=<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2012/12/18/table-religious-composition-by-country-in-numbers|title=religion in Myanmar|website=pewresearch.org|date=18 December 2012 }}</ref> |region4=[[চিংগাপুৰত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|চিংগাপুৰ]] |pop4=৩৭২,৯৬৩ | |region5=[[থাইলেণ্ডত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|থাইলেণ্ড]] |pop5=৮৪,০০০ |ref5=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/thailand#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|title=religion in Thailand|website=globalreligiousfuture.org|access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=26 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926171829/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/thailand#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |region6=[[ফিলিপাইনছত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|ফিলিপাইনছ]] |pop6=৩৪,৬৩৪<ref name="auto"/> | |flag=File:Om, This the first word in the world- 2013-10-30 10-55.png |flag_size=80px |region8=also present in small numbers in [[Hinduism in Laos|Laos]] and [[Hinduism in Cambodia|Cambodia]]}} দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াত [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]]ৰ এক গভীৰ প্ৰভাৱ আছিল, যিয়ে এই অঞ্চলটোৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বিকাশ আৰু ইতিহাসক এক নতুন ৰূপ দিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 April 2017|title=Hindu Wisdom – Suvarnabhumi|url=http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Suvarnabhumi.htm|access-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425182329/http://www.hinduwisdom.info/Suvarnabhumi.htm|archive-date=25 April 2017}}</ref> ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰপৰা ইণ্ডিক ([[ভাৰতীয়]]) লিপিসমূহৰ আগমনৰ লগে লগে, প্ৰথমৰপৰা পঞ্চম শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত এই অঞ্চলৰ লোকসকলে নিজৰ প্ৰথমবোৰ শিলালিপি বা লিখনী প্ৰস্তুত কৰি ঐতিহাসিক যুগত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে।<ref>{{cite book|title=Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia, Metropolitan museum, New York: exhibition catalogues|author=Guy, John|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=2014|isbn=9781588395245|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO_-AgAAQBAJ&q=Indic+script+in+early+Southeast+Asian+kingdom&pg=PA11}}</ref> বৰ্তমান সময়ত দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ হিন্দুসকলৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰধানকৈ প্ৰৱাসী ভাৰতীয় আৰু বালিলীয়া লোকসকল অন্যতম। ইয়াৰ উপৰি জাভানীজ (ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ অন্যান্য সংখ্যালঘু জনগোষ্ঠী) আৰু দক্ষিণ-মধ্য ভিয়েটনামৰ 'বালামন চাম' সংখ্যালঘু জনগোষ্ঠীৰ মাজতো হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰচলন দেখা যায়।<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Religions of South Asia|url=https://asiasociety.org/education/religions-south-asia|access-date=2021-08-09|website=Asia Society|date=25 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> ভাৰতীয় সভ্যতা—যি নিজে বিভিন্ন স্বতন্ত্ৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু জনগোষ্ঠী, বিশেষকৈ দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক 'মন খমেৰ' প্ৰভাৱৰ সংমিশ্ৰণত গঢ়ি উঠিছিল—দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ আঞ্চলিক ৰাজ্যসমূহৰ থলুৱা সামাজিক গাঁথনি আৰু শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ সৈতে খাপ খাই পৰিছিল আৰু বিলীন হৈ গৈছিল। এই ভাৰতীয়কৰণ হোৱা ৰাজ্যসমূহৰ গঠনৰ জৰিয়তে, সৰু সৰু জনজাতীয় মুৰব্বী বা মুখিয়ালৰ নেতৃত্বত থকা থলুৱা শাসনবোৰ ভাৰতীয় শাসনপ্ৰণালীৰ দৰে 'মহাৰজা'ৰ নেতৃত্বত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ ৰাজ্য আৰু সাম্ৰাজ্যলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলতেই দক্ষিণ-মধ্য ভিয়েটনামত চম্পা সভ্যতা, দক্ষিণ ভিয়েটনামত ফুনান ৰাজ্য, ইণ্ডোচীনত খমেৰ সাম্ৰাজ্য, মালয় উপদ্বীপত লাংকাচুকা ৰাজ্য আৰু পুৰণি কেদাহ, সুমাত্ৰাত শ্ৰীৱিজয় ৰাজ্য, আৰু জাভা, বালি তথা ফিলিপাইন দ্বীপপুঞ্জৰ কিছু অংশ সামৰি গঢ়ি উঠা মাতাৰাম ৰাজ্য, সিংহসাৰী আৰু মজাপাহিত সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় সভ্যতাই এই অঞ্চলৰ জাতি আৰু দেশসমূহৰ ভাষা, লিপি, লিখিত পৰম্পৰা, সাহিত্য, কেলেণ্ডাৰ (পঞ্জিকা), বিশ্বাসী ব্যৱস্থা আৰু কলাত্মক দিশসমূহক গভীৰভাৱে প্ৰভাবিত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lévi|first1=Sylvain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dx5dzJGGBg0C&q=austroasiatic+influence+on+india&pg=PR15|title=Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidian in India|last2=Przyluski|first2=Jean|last3=Bloch|first3=Jules|date=1993|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0772-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific |encyclopedia=Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism/The-spread-of-Hinduism-in-Southeast-Asia-and-the-Pacific}}</ref> দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াত ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি আৰু ধৰ্মীয় পৰম্পৰাসমূহ আদৰি লোৱাৰ এটা অন্যতম কাৰণ আছিল এই যে ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ সৈতে দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ থলুৱা সংস্কৃতিৰ ইতিমধ্যে কিছুমান চকুত পৰা সাদৃশ্য আছিল। এই সাদৃশ্যসমূহক পূৰ্বৰ দক্ষিণ-পূব এছীয় (বিশেষকৈ অ’ষ্ট্ৰ’এছিয়াটিক, যেনে প্ৰাৰম্ভিক মুণ্ডা আৰু মন খমেৰ গোটসমূহ) আৰু হিমালয়ৰ (তিব্বতী) সাংস্কৃতিক তথা ভাষিক প্ৰভাৱে স্থানীয় ভাৰতীয় লোকসকলৰ ওপৰত পেলোৱা প্ৰভাৱৰদ্বাৰা ব্যাখ্যা কৰিব পাৰি। অধ্যাপক প্ৰজিলুস্কি, জুলছ ব্লচ আৰু লেভি কে ধৰি কেইবাজনো পণ্ডিতে এই সিদ্ধান্তত উপনীত হৈছিল যে প্ৰাৰম্ভিক ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি আৰু পৰম্পৰাৰ ওপৰত এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সাংস্কৃতিক, ভাষিক আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক মন-খমেৰ (অ’ষ্ট্ৰ’এছিয়াটিক) প্ৰভাৱ আছিল। ভাৰতক পাশ্চাত্য, প্ৰাচ্য আৰু থলুৱা পৰম্পৰাৰ এক অপূৰ্ব মিলনভূমি হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lévi|first1=Sylvain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dx5dzJGGBg0C&q=austroasiatic+influence+on+india&pg=PR15|title=Pre-Aryan and Pre-Dravidian in India|last2=Przyluski|first2=Jean|last3=Bloch|first3=Jules|date=1993|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0772-9|language=en|quote=It has been further proved that not only linguistic but also certain cultural and political characteristics of ancient India can be explained by Austroasiatic (Mon-Khmer) elements.}}</ref> == প্ৰাচীন যুগ == প্ৰায় খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ২০০ শতিকাতে ভাৰতীয় পণ্ডিতসকলে জাভা আৰু সুমাত্ৰাৰ 'দ্বীপান্তৰ' বা 'জাভা দ্বীপ' হিন্দু ৰাজ্যৰ বিষয়ে লিখি থৈ গৈছিল। ভাৰতৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন মহাকাব্য 'ৰামায়ণ'তো "যৱদ্বীপ" নামৰ উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। ৰামৰ বানৰ সেনাৰ প্ৰধান সুগ্ৰীৱে সীতাৰ সন্ধানত তেওঁৰ দূতসকলক যৱদ্বীপ অৰ্থাৎ জাভা দ্বীপলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল।<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ic4BjWFmNIC&pg=PA465|title=History Of Ancient India (portraits Of A Nation), 1/e|date=25 March 2010|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=9788120749108|via=Google Books}}</ref> সেইবাবেই ইয়াক সংস্কৃত নাম "যাৱক দ্বীপ" (দ্বীপ = দ্বীপ বা চাৰিওফালে পানীৰে আগুৰা ভূমি) বুলি জনা গৈছিল। দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়ালৈ পূব ভাৰতৰ, বিশেষকৈ কলিংগৰ লগতে দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰ ৰাজ্যসমূহৰ বণিক বা ব্যৱসায়ীসকলৰ সঘনাই আহ-যাহ আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hinduism – The spread of Hinduism in Southeast Asia and the Pacific|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hinduism|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|language=en}}</ref> প্ৰায় ৪০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত পশ্চিম জাভাত ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰভাৱত 'তাৰুমানগৰ' ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়, যাৰ শিলালিপিসমূহ ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ ইতিহাসৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন শিলালিপিৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম। প্ৰায় ৪২৫ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰা এই অঞ্চলত এক স্পষ্ট বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিলক্ষিত হৈছিল। প্ৰায় ষষ্ঠ শতিকাত মধ্য জাভাৰ উত্তৰ উপকূলত ভাৰতীয় আৰ্হিৰ 'কলিংগ' ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়। এই ৰাজ্যখনৰ নাম ভাৰতৰ পূব উপকূলৰ 'কলিংগ' ৰাজ্যৰ নামৰপৰা লোৱা হৈছিল।<ref name="Coedes">{{cite book|last=Coedès|first=George|author-link=George Coedès|editor=Walter F. Vella|others=trans. Susan Brown Cowing|title=The Indianized States of Southeast Asia|year=1968|publisher=Uny of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-0368-1}}</ref> দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ এই সাগৰীয় যাত্ৰী বা নাৱিকসকলে ভাৰত আৰু চীন দেশৰ সৈতে ব্যাপক বাণিজ্যত লিপ্ত আছিল, যিয়ে মংগোল, চীনা আৰু জাপানীসকলৰ লগতে ইছলামিক ব্যৱসায়ীসকলৰো দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰিছিল। এই ইছলামিক ব্যৱসায়ীসকলে দ্বাদশ শতিকাত সুমাত্ৰাৰ আচেহ অঞ্চলত উপস্থিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hinduism in Southeast Asia {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hinduism-southeast-asia|access-date=2021-08-09|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref> আনহাতে, মধ্যযুগীয় ভাৰতীয় পণ্ডিতসকলে ফিলিপাইনকো "পাণ্যুপায়ন" (যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে পানীৰে আগুৰা ভূ-খণ্ড) বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-981-10-7317-5_6|chapter=Panyupayana: The Emergence of Hindu Polities in the Pre-Islamic Philippines|title=Cultural and Civilisational Links between India and Southeast Asia|year=2018|last1=Santarita|first1=Joefe B.|pages=93–105|isbn=978-981-10-7316-8}}</ref> ভাৰতীয় হিন্দু প্ৰভাৱ একাদশ শতিকাৰ আশে-পাশে হ্ৰাস পাবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে যদিও ষোড়শ শতিকালৈকে জাভাৰ দৰে ঠাইত হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ লেখ-জোখ আছিল, আনহাতে বালিয়ে আধুনিক যুগলৈকে এনে প্ৰভাৱ অক্ষুণ্ণ ৰাখিছিল।<ref>Ricklefs, Merle C. "Southeast Asia, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam in." In ''Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World: Digital Collection''.: Oxford University Press.</ref> বৰ্তমান সমগ্ৰ দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াত পোৱা হিন্দু সাংস্কৃতিক প্ৰভাৱৰ উদাহৰণ চোলা বংশৰ উত্তৰাধিকাৰৰ বাবে বহুখিনি ঋণী। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ প্ৰম্বাননত থকা মহান মন্দিৰ কমপ্লেক্সত দক্ষিণ ভাৰতীয় স্থাপত্যৰ সৈতে কেইবাটাও সাদৃশ্য প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite book|title=A history of India|first=Hermann|last=Kulke|date=2004|publisher=Routledge|others=Rothermund, Dietmar 1933–|isbn=0203391268|edition=4th|location=New York|oclc=57054139}}</ref> মালয় বুৰঞ্জী ছেজাৰা মেলায়ু অনুসৰি মালাকা চুলতান ৰাজ্যৰ শাসকসকলে নিজকে চোলা সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ ৰজাৰ বংশধৰ বুলি দাবী কৰিছিল। মালয়েছিয়াত আজি চোলা শাসনৰ কথা মনত আছে কাৰণ তাত থকা বহু ৰাজকুমাৰৰ নাম চোলান বা চুলানেৰে শেষ হয়, তেনে এজন হ’ল পেৰাকৰ ৰজা ৰাজা চুলান।<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Aklujkar|first1=Ashok|last2=Kalyanaraman|first2=A.|date=1971|title=Aryatarangini: The Saga of the Indo-Aryans.|journal=Pacific Affairs|volume=44|issue=3|pages=451|doi=10.2307/2755739|issn=0030-851X|jstor=2755739}}</ref> চোলা স্কুল অৱ আৰ্ট দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াতো বিয়পি পৰিছিল আৰু দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ স্থাপত্য আৰু শিল্পকলাত প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছিল।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Thai art with Indian influences|author=Promsak Jermsawatdi|date=1979|publisher=Abhinav Publications|oclc=6237916}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/columbiachronolo00john|url-access=registration|last=Bowman|first=John|editor1-first=John|editor1-last=Bowman|date=31 January 2000|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=9780231500043|location=New York Chichester, West Sussex|doi=10.7312/bowm11004}}</ref> একাংশ পণ্ডিতে আঙুলিয়াই দিছে যে ইক্ষৱাকু আৰু সুমতিৰ কিংবদন্তিৰ উৎপত্তি হয়তো দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ মিথত মানৱতাৰ জন্মৰ তিতা গছৰপৰাই হ’ব পাৰে। ৰজা সাগৰৰ পত্নী সুমতিৰ কিংবদন্তিত কোৱা হৈছে যে তেওঁ এবিধ তিতা গছৰ সহায়ত সন্তান জন্ম দিছিল।<ref>{{cite book|first=Koenraad|last=Elst|author-link=Koenraad Elst|title=Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|year=1999|isbn=81-86471-77-4|title-link=Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate}}; Sergent, Bernard: Genèse de l'Inde, 1997.</ref> == আধুনিক যুগ == [[চিত্ৰ:Bali-Ubud 0704a.jpg|left|thumb|258x258px|ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ বালিত হিন্দু বালি মন্দিৰৰ প্ৰসাদ]] আজি সমগ্ৰ দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াত সজীৱ আৰু বৈচিত্ৰ্যমজ় হিন্দু সম্প্ৰদায় বিয়পি পৰে, বিশেষকৈ মালয়েছিয়া, ছিংগাপুৰ, থাইলেণ্ড, মেডান (ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া) আৰু ফিলিপাইনছত থাকি যায়, মূলতঃ বিগত শতিকাবোৰত ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰপৰা দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়ালৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰা তামিল লোকসকলৰ উপস্থিতিৰ বাবে। তামিল হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ এটা উল্লেখযোগ্য দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ দিশ হ’ল থাইপুছম উৎসৱ, আনহাতে আন আন হিন্দু ধৰ্মীয় উৎসৱ যেনে দীপাৱলীও এই অঞ্চলৰ হিন্দুসকলে ভালদৰে পালন কৰে। থাইলেণ্ড আৰু কম্বোডিয়াত থাই আৰু খ্মেৰ লোকসকলে বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ লগতে হিন্দু ৰীতি-নীতি আৰু পৰম্পৰাও পালন কৰিছিল আৰু ব্ৰহ্মৰ দৰে হিন্দু দেৱতাক আজিও বহুলভাৱে শ্ৰদ্ধা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|title=A Tribute to Hinduism: Home|url=http://www.atributetohinduism.com/Suvarnabhumi.htm|access-date=2021-08-09|website=www.atributetohinduism.com|archive-date=15 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060215001205/http://www.atributetohinduism.com/Suvarnabhumi.htm|url-status=dead|archivedate=2006-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060215001205/http://www.atributetohinduism.com/Suvarnabhumi.htm|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত কেৱল ভাৰতীয় বংশৰ লোকেই হিন্দু ধৰ্ম পালন কৰা নাই; হিন্দু ধৰ্ম এতিয়াও বালিৰ প্ৰধান ধৰ্ম হিচাপে জীয়াই আছে, য'ত স্থানীয় ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান, বালি জনসাধাৰণে আগামা হিন্দু ধৰ্ম অনুসৰণ কৰে, যিটো হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ এটা ভিন্নতা যিটো দ্বীপটোত প্ৰায় দু সহস্ৰাব্দ ধৰি বিকশিত হোৱা প্ৰাচীন জাভা-বালি হিন্দু পৰম্পৰাৰপৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, প্ৰায়ে থলুৱা আধ্যাত্মিক উপাদানসমূহ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Swaveda – Articles – Great Expectations: Hindu Revival Moveme...|url=http://www.swaveda.com/articles.php?action=show&id=49|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820025445/http://www.swaveda.com/articles.php?action=show&id=49|archive-date=2004-08-20|access-date=2021-08-09|website=Swaveda|archivedate=2004-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820025445/http://www.swaveda.com/articles.php?action=show&id=49|deadurl=yes}}</ref>বালিৰ বাহিৰেও জাভাত জাভা হিন্দু সংখ্যালঘুৰ সৰু সৰু এনক্লেভ পোৱা যায়, যেনে ব্ৰ'মো আৰু চেমেৰু আগ্নেয়গিৰিৰ ওচৰৰ টেংগাৰ পৰ্বতমালাৰ আশে-পাশে, মধ্য জাভাৰ কাৰাংগান্যাৰ ৰিজেন্সি আৰু যোগাকাৰ্টাৰ প্ৰম্বানানৰ ওচৰত। একেদৰে দক্ষিণ ভিয়েটনাম আৰু কম্বোডিয়াৰ চাম সংখ্যালঘুসকলৰ মাজতো হিন্দু ধৰ্ম পোৱা যায়: জাভানীসকলৰ দৰেই তেওঁলোকৰ অধিকাংশই মুছলমান কিন্তু সংখ্যালঘু হিন্দু। ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ আন অঞ্চলত কালিমন্তনৰ দয়াকে স্বীকাৰ কৰা থলুৱা আধ্যাত্মিক বিশ্বাস আৰু হিন্দু কহাৰিংগানৰ দৰে থলুৱা ধৰ্ম চিনাক্ত কৰিবলৈ হিন্দু ধৰ্ম শব্দটো প্ৰায়ে ছাতিৰ শ্ৰেণী হিচাপে শিথিলভাৱে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Asian religions, an introduction (article)|url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/south-asia/south-asia-intro/a/south-asian-religions-an-introduction|access-date=2021-08-09|website=[[Khan Academy]]|language=en}}</ref> ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ পুনৰুত্থান দেশৰ সকলো প্ৰান্ততে সংঘটিত হৈছে। ১৯৭০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে চুলাৱেছিৰ টোৰাজা জনগোষ্ঠীক প্ৰথমে ‘হিন্দু ধৰ্ম’ৰ ছাতিত চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল, তাৰ পিছত ১৯৭৭ চনত সুমাত্ৰাৰ কাৰো বাটক আৰু ১৯৮০ চনত কালিমন্তানৰ ঙাজু দয়াক। ১৯৯৯ চনত নেশ্যনেল ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান ব্যুৰো অৱ ষ্টেটিষ্টিকছে এক অপ্ৰকাশিত প্ৰতিৱেদনত স্বীকাৰ কৰিছিল যে প্ৰায় ১০০,০০০ লোকে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ধৰ্মান্তৰিত হৈছিল বা বিগত দুটা দশকত ইছলামৰপৰা হিন্দু ধৰ্মলৈ ‘পুনৰ ধৰ্মান্তৰিত’।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.swaveda.com/articles.php?action=show&id=49|title=Swaveda – Articles – Great Expectations: Hindu Revival Moveme|access-date=2004-07-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820025445/http://www.swaveda.com/articles.php?action=show&id=49|archive-date=20 August 2004|archivedate=2004-08-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040820025445/http://www.swaveda.com/articles.php?action=show&id=49|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ধৰ্মীয় পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ে ২০০৭ চনলৈকে অনুমান কৰিছিল যে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত কমেও এক কোটি হিন্দু আছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90137.htm|title=United States Department of State|date=14 September 2007}}</ref> হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ বৃদ্ধিৰ মূলতে হৈছে জাভাৰ বিখ্যাত ভৱিষ্যদ্বাণী সবদাপালন আৰু জয়াবায়া। শেহতীয়াকৈ হিন্দু ধৰ্ম গ্ৰহণ কৰা বহু লোক সুকৰ্ণোৰ পিএনআইৰ পৰিয়ালৰ সদস্য আছিল, আৰু এতিয়া মেগাৱতী সুকৰ্ণপুত্ৰীক সমৰ্থন কৰে। ‘মাজাপাহিতৰ ধৰ্ম’ (হিন্দু ধৰ্ম)লৈ এই প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন জাতীয়তাবাদী গৌৰৱৰ বিষয়। ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান বালিসকলৰ কাষত এতিয়া বালামন চামসকল দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ একমাত্ৰ জীয়াই থকা স্থানীয় (অভাৰতীয়) হিন্দু। ভিয়েটনামত চাম জনগোষ্ঠীয় সংখ্যালঘুৰ প্ৰায় ১ লাখ ৬০ হাজাৰ সদস্য আছে। ইয়াৰে অধিকাংশই ইছলাম ধৰ্ম পালন কৰাৰ বিপৰীতে কিছুমান হিন্দু। শতিকাজুৰি কিন (ভিয়েটনামী)ৰ আধিপত্য থকাৰ পিছত আজি চাম সংস্কৃতিক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিত কৰাৰ কিছু প্ৰচেষ্টা চলিছে।<ref>{{cite news|work=National Geographic|title=The Cham: Descendants of Ancient Rulers of South China Sea Watch Maritime Dispute From Sidelines, The ancestors of Vietnam's Cham people built one of the great empires of Southeast Asia|author=Adam Bray|date=18 June 2014|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/06/140616-south-china-sea-vietnam-china-cambodia-champa/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620153051/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/06/140616-south-china-sea-vietnam-china-cambodia-champa/|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 June 2014}}</ref> == দেশসমূহ == হিন্দু ধৰ্ম দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ সংখ্যালঘু ধৰ্ম আৰু ইয়াৰ জনসংখ্যা ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া, মালয়েছিয়া, ছিংগাপুৰ আৰু ম্যানমাৰত যথেষ্ট। ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া বিশ্বৰ চতুৰ্থ বৃহত্তম হিন্দু জনসংখ্যা, মূলতঃ বালি দ্বীপত। === ব্ৰুণেই === মাজাপাহিত সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰতি আনুগত্যৰ জৰিয়তে হিন্দু ধৰ্ম ব্যাপকভাৱে প্ৰভাবিত হৈছিল আৰু স্থানীয় লোকে গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। পিছলৈ ১৫ শতিকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত আৰবসকলে ব্ৰুনাই আক্ৰমণ কৰে যাৰ ফলত নাগৰিকসকলৰ ওপৰত বলপূৰ্বক ধৰ্মান্তৰকৰণ আৰু গণ নিৰ্যাতনৰ বাবে হিন্দু শাসনৰ অন্ত পৰে। === কম্বোডিয়া === মূল প্ৰবন্ধ: [[:en:Hinduism_in_Cambodia|কম্বোডিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] [[চিত্ৰ:A statue inside the Angkor Wat in Cambodia; January 2020.jpg|left|thumb|বিষ্ণুৰ মূৰ্তিৰপৰা ৰূপান্তৰিত অংকোৰ ৱাটত বুদ্ধৰ মূৰ্তি]] ফুনান ৰাজ্যৰ আৰম্ভণিতে [[কম্বোডিয়া]] প্ৰথমে [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]]ৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰভাবিত হৈছিল। হিন্দু ধৰ্ম খ্মেৰ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অন্যতম চৰকাৰী ধৰ্ম আছিল। বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ মন্দিৰ কমপ্লেক্স (বৰ্তমান বৌদ্ধ) আংকৰ ৱাট এসময়ত হিন্দু মন্দিৰ আছিল। খ্মেৰ ৰাজ্যত পালন কৰা প্ৰধান ধৰ্ম আছিল হিন্দু ধৰ্ম, তাৰ পিছত বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ জনপ্ৰিয়তা। প্ৰথম অৱস্থাত ৰাজ্যখনে হিন্দু ধৰ্মক মূল ৰাষ্ট্ৰ ধৰ্ম হিচাপে অনুসৰণ কৰিছিল। [[চিত্ৰ:Angkor Vat (6783535194).jpg|thumb|কম্বোডিয়াৰ অংকোৰ ৱাট হৈছে দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ শতাধিক প্ৰাচীন হিন্দু মন্দিৰৰ ভিতৰত এটা। ]] মহাদেৱৰ [[বিষ্ণু]] আৰু [[শিৱ]] খ্মেৰ হিন্দু মন্দিৰত পূজা কৰা আটাইতকৈ পূজনীয় [[দেৱতা (হিন্দু ধৰ্ম)|দেৱতা]] আছিল। মৰণোত্তৰ ৰজা দ্বিতীয় সূৰ্য্যবৰ্মানক বিষ্ণু হিচাপে সন্মান জনাবলৈ অংকোৰ ৱাটৰ দৰে মন্দিৰবোৰক প্ৰকৃততে প্ৰেহ পিছনুলোক (সংস্কৃতত ভাৰ বিষ্ণুলোক) বা বিষ্ণুৰ ৰাজ্য বুলি জনা যায়। [[ব্ৰাহ্মণ]] (হিন্দু পুৰোহিত)দ্বাৰা কৰা হিন্দু অনুষ্ঠান আৰু অনুষ্ঠান, সাধাৰণতে ৰজাৰ পৰিয়ালৰ শাসক অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী, সম্ভ্ৰান্ত আৰু শাসক শ্ৰেণীৰ মাজতহে থাকিল। খমেৰ সাম্ৰাজ্যই এখন জটিল সমাজ গঢ়ি তুলিছিল য'ত অত্যাধুনিক সংস্কৃতি, কলা আৰু স্থাপত্যৰ বিকাশ হৈছিল। খমেৰ ৰজা আৰু তেওঁৰ বিষয়াসকল জলসিঞ্চন ব্যৱস্থাপনা আৰু পানী বিতৰণৰ দায়িত্বত আছিল, য'ত কেনেল, খাদ আৰু বৰায় নামৰ বিশাল জলাধাৰৰ দৰে জটিল জলসিঞ্চন আন্তঃগাঁথনিৰ এটা শৃংখলা অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। সমাজখন হিন্দু বৰ্ণ ব্যৱস্থাক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰা এটা শ্ৰেণী ব্যৱস্থাৰ ভিত্তিত সজ্জিত আছিল, য'ত সাধাৰণ মানুহ – ধানৰ কৃষক আৰু মাছমৰীয়াসকল – জনসংখ্যাৰ বৃহৎসংখ্যক অংশ গঠন কৰিছিল। ক্ষত্ৰিয়সকল – ৰাজবংশ, অভিজাতসকল, সেনাপতিসকল, সৈন্যসকল, আৰু যোদ্ধাসকল – এটা শাসনকাৰী অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী আৰু কৰ্তৃপক্ষ গঠন কৰিছিল। অন্যান্য সামাজিক শ্ৰেণীৰ ভিতৰত আছিল ব্ৰাহ্মণ (পুৰোহিত), ব্যৱসায়ী, কাঠমিস্ত্ৰী আৰু শিল্পকৰ্মী, কুমহৰ, ধাতুশিল্পী, সোণাৰ আৰু বয়নশিল্পী, আৰু সামাজিকভাৱে সৰ্বনিম্ন স্তৰত আছিল দাস-দাসী। বিস্তৃত জলসিঞ্চন প্ৰকল্পসমূহে অতিৰিক্ত ধান উৎপাদন কৰিছিল যাৰদ্বাৰা এক বিশাল জনসংখ্যাক জীৱন-ধাৰণ কৰিব পৰা হৈছিল। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ধৰ্ম আছিল হিন্দু ধৰ্ম কিন্তু দেৱৰাজৰ ধৰ্মীয় অনুশাসনৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰভাবিত হৈছিল, যি খেমাৰ ৰজাসকলক পৃথিৱীত জীৱিত দেৱতাসমূহৰ ঐশ্বৰিক গুণৰ অধিকাৰী হিচাপে উন্নীত কৰিছিল, যাক বিষ্ণু বা শিৱৰ অৱতাৰ বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল।<ref name="God and King">{{cite book|url=http://www.easternbookcorporation.com/moreinfo.php?txt_searchstring=7306|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513032347/http://www.easternbookcorporation.com/moreinfo.php?txt_searchstring=7306|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 May 2006|title=God and King : The Devaraja Cult in South Asian Art & Architecture|author=Sengupta, Arputha Rani (Ed.)|year=2005|publisher=National Museum Institute|isbn=8189233262|access-date=14 September 2012}}</ref>ৰাজনীতিত, এই মৰ্যাদাক ৰজাৰ শাসনৰ ঐশ্বৰিক ন্যায্যতা হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল। এই পূজাৰ ফলত খমেৰ ৰজাসকলে বিশাল স্থাপত্য প্ৰকল্প আৰম্ভ কৰিব পাৰিছিল, ৰজাৰ পৃথিৱীত দৈবিক শাসন উদ্‌যাপন কৰিবলৈ অংকোৰ ৱাট আৰু বায়নৰ দৰে মহিমামণ্ডিত স্মৃতিস্তম্ভ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 August 2007|title=Map reveals ancient urban sprawl|language=en-GB|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6945574.stm|access-date=2021-08-09}}</ref> সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ আনুষ্ঠানিক ধৰ্মসমূহৰ ভিতৰত হিন্দুধৰ্ম আৰু মহাযান বৌদ্ধধৰ্ম অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল, যেতিয়ালৈকে ১৩ শতিকাত শ্ৰীলংকাৰপৰা প্ৰৱৰ্তনৰ পাছত থেৰাভাদা বৌদ্ধধৰ্ম প্ৰচলিত হোৱা নাছিল, এমনকি নিম্ন শ্ৰেণীৰ মাজতো।<ref>[[Hinduism in Southeast Asia#Keyes1995|Keyes, 1995]], pp.78–82</ref>সেই সময়ৰ পৰা, কম্বোডিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ ক্ৰমশঃ পতন ঘটে আৰু অৱশেষত থেৰাৱাদান বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মই ৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰধান ধৰ্ম হিচাপে স্থান লাভ কৰে। তাৰ সত্ত্বেও, হিন্দু ধৰ্মীয় অনুষ্ঠানসমূহে ৰাজ্যত এতিয়াও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰি আছে। প্ৰতিবেশী থাইলেণ্ডৰ দৰে, ৰাজ্যাভিষেকৰ অনুষ্ঠান প্ৰধানত ৰাজকীয় ব্ৰাহ্মণসকলে পৰিচালনা কৰে, যাৰ সময়ত ৰজাই প্ৰাচীন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰম্পৰা বজাই ৰাখিবলৈ দেৱতা বিষ্ণু আৰু শিৱৰ মূৰ্তিৰ সন্মুখত শপত গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/royal-cambodian-coronation|title=A Royal Cambodian Coronation}}</ref> === ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া === মূল প্ৰবন্ধ: [[:en:Hinduism_in_Indonesia|ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] [[চিত্ৰ:Candi Prambanan; candi Hindu terindah di Asia Tenggara.jpg|left|thumb|ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ হিন্দু মন্দিৰৰ স্থান, ৯ম শতিকাৰ প্ৰাম্বানন ত্ৰিমূৰ্তি মন্দিৰ কমপ্লেক্সৰ প্ৰধান তিনিটা স্তম্ভ]] বৰ্তমান ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত, মুঠ জনসংখ্যাৰ ১.৭% লোকে হিন্দু ধৰ্ম পালন কৰে। ২০১০ চনৰ জনগণনা অনুসৰি, হিন্দুসকলে বালিৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ ৮৩.২৯% আৰু মধ্য কালিমান্তানৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ ৫.৭৫% গঠন কৰে। যি কি নহওক, চতুৰ্থ শতিকাৰপৰা পোন্ধৰশ শতিকালৈকে, অধিকাংশ জনসংখ্যায় হিন্দুধৰ্ম আৰু বৌদ্ধধৰ্ম গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, লগতে স্থানীয় আদিবাসী এনিমিজম আৰু ডাইনামিজম বিশ্বাসৰ সৈতে প্ৰাকৃতিক আৰু পূৰ্বপুৰুষৰ আত্মাক সন্মান জনাইছিল। ১৫ ৰপৰা ১৬ শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত ইছলামে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জত সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ ধৰ্ম হিচাপে হিন্দুধৰ্ম আৰু বৌদ্ধধৰ্মক প্ৰতিষ্থাপন কৰিছিল। হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰভাৱে বালি, জাভা আৰু ছুমাট্ৰাৰ সংস্কৃতিত গভীৰভাৱে নিজৰ ছাপ ৰাখিছে। বালি হৈছে এক সময়ত হিন্দু প্ৰভুত্বাধীন অঞ্চলৰ অন্তিম অৱশিষ্টাংশ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=321&wid=0|title=Sensus Penduduk 2010}}</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:Bratan Bali Indonesia Balinese-family-after-Puja-01.jpg|thumb|[[বালি হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|হিন্দু]] [[বালি জনগোষ্ঠী|বালিনী]] পৰিয়াল [[পূৰা উলুন দানু ব্ৰতন|ব্ৰতন মন্দিৰ]]ত পূজাৰ পিছত। ]] প্ৰথম শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিতে হিন্দু প্ৰভাৱে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। চতুৰ্থ শতিকাত, পূব কালিমান্তানৰ কুটাই, পশ্চিম জাভাৰ তৰুমানগাৰা আৰু মধ্য জাভাৰ হ'লিং (কালিংগা) ৰাজ্যসমূহ এই অঞ্চলত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক হিন্দু ৰাজ্যসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছিল। উল্লেখযোগ্য প্ৰাচীন ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ হিন্দু ৰাজ্যসমূহ হৈছে মাতাৰাম ৰাজ্য (নৱম শতিকাৰ ৰাজকীয় ত্ৰিমূৰ্তি প্ৰাম্বানন মন্দিৰ নিৰ্মাণৰ বাবে বিখ্যাত) তাৰ পাছত কেদিৰি, সিংঘাসাৰী আৰু চতুৰ্দশ শতিকাৰ মাজাপাহিত, হিন্দু-বৌদ্ধ জাভানীয় সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ ভিতৰত অন্তিম আৰু বৃহত্তম। হিন্দু সভ্যতাসমূহে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ সংস্কৃতিত নিজৰ চিহ্ন ৰাখি গৈছে। মহাভাৰত আৰু ৰামায়ণ মহাকাব্যসমূহ, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ কলাৰ ধৰণসমূহৰ মাজত স্থায়ী পৰম্পৰা হৈ পৰিল, যি ৱায়াং ছায়া পুতলা আৰু নৃত্য অনুষ্ঠানত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল। বহুতো ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান নাম সংস্কৃত ভিত্তিক, আৰু বাহাসা ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত সংস্কৃত উৎসৰ বহুতো ঋণ শব্দ আছে। বিষ্ণুৰ বাহন গৰুড়ক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতীক গৰুড় পঞ্চশীল আৰু গৰুড় ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া নামৰ পতাকা বহনকাৰী ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমান সংস্থা দুয়োটাৰে প্ৰতীক হিচাপে গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="ricklefs">{{Cite book|last=Ricklefs|first=Merle Calvin|title=A history of modern Indonesia since c. 1300 (2nd ed.)|publisher=Stanford University Press / Macmillans|year=1993|isbn=9780804721950}}</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:17 Years of Sekar Jepun 2014-11-01 18.jpg|thumb|[[বালি হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|বালি হিন্দু]] ৰ এটা নৃত্য পৰিৱেশন। এই নৃত্যবোৰৰ বহুতো হিন্দু মহাকাব্য আৰু অন্যান্য সাহিত্যৰ পৌৰাণিক বা আধ্যাত্মিক কাহিনী প্ৰতিফলিত কৰা অনুষ্ঠান। ]] বৰ্তমান, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া চৰকাৰে ইছলাম, প্ৰটেষ্টাণ্ট, ৰোমান কেথলিক, বৌদ্ধ আৰু কনফুচিয়ানিজমৰ লগতে হিন্দু ধৰ্মক দেশৰ ছটা আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে অনুমোদিত ধৰ্ম হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি দিছে। জাভাৰ হিন্দু সম্প্ৰদায়বোৰ সাধাৰণতে নিৰ্মিত মন্দিৰ (পুৰা) বা পুৰাতাত্ত্বিক মন্দিৰৰ স্থান (কান্দি)ৰ চাৰিওফালে কেন্দ্ৰীভূত হয় যিবোৰ হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ উপাসনাৰ স্থান হিচাপে পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hosen|first=N|title=Religion and the Indonesian Constitution: A Recent Debate|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|volume=36|issue=3|pages=419–440|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=8 September 2005|url=http://eprint.uq.edu.au/archive/00002795/01/hosen-JSEAS.pdf|doi=10.1017/S0022463405000238|s2cid=1636786|access-date=26 October 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828034442/http://eprint.uq.edu.au/archive/00002795/01/hosen-JSEAS.pdf|archive-date=28 August 2006|archivedate=28 August 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828034442/http://eprint.uq.edu.au/archive/00002795/01/hosen-JSEAS.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> পূব জাভাৰ এটা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ হিন্দু মন্দিৰ হৈছে পূৰা মান্দাৰাগিৰি সুমেৰু আগুং, যি মাউণ্টৰ ঢালত অৱস্থিত। জাভাৰ সৰ্বোচ্চ পৰ্বত চেমেৰু। আন এটা হিন্দু মন্দিৰ, যাক জাভাৰ অন্তিম হিন্দু ৰাজনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা ব্লাম্বাঙ্গান সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ সৈতে সংপৃক্ত ক্ষুদ্ৰ প্ৰত্নতাত্ত্বিক অৱশেষ থকা এটা স্থানত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পূৰা লোকা মোক্ষা জয়াবায়া (কেদিৰিৰ ওচৰৰ মেনাং গাঁৱত), য'ত হিন্দু ৰজা আৰু ভৱিষ্যতবক্তা জয়াবায়াই আধ্যাত্মিক মুক্তি (মোক্ষ) লাভ কৰিছিল বুলি কোৱা হয়। আন এটা স্থান হৈছে পূব জাভাৰ নতুন পূৰা পুচাক ৰাউং, যাক বালিনীয় সাহিত্যত সেই স্থান হিচাপে উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে য'ৰপৰা মহৰ্ষি মাৰ্কণ্ডেয়ে ১৪ শতিকাত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম বালীলৈ লৈ গৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aboutbali.beritabali.com/read/2017/06/17/201706170003/kisah-kedatangan-rsi-markandeya-versi-bali-majapahit-dan-bali-aga|title=Kisah Kedatangan Rsi Markandeya Versi Bali Majapahit dan Bali Aga - Beritabali.com|website=aboutbali.beritabali.com|language=id|access-date=2020-04-19|archive-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926025841/https://www.aboutbali.beritabali.com/read/2017/06/17/201706170003/kisah-kedatangan-rsi-markandeya-versi-bali-majapahit-dan-bali-aga|url-status=dead|archivedate=2021-09-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926025841/https://www.aboutbali.beritabali.com/read/2017/06/17/201706170003/kisah-kedatangan-rsi-markandeya-versi-bali-majapahit-dan-bali-aga|deadurl=yes}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন হিন্দু মন্দিৰ স্থানৰ প্ৰধান প্ৰত্নতাত্ত্বিক অৱশিষ্টৰ আশে-পাশে পুনৰুত্থানৰ উদাহৰণ কিংবদন্তি হিন্দু সাম্ৰাজ্য মাজাপাহিতৰ ৰাজধানী মোজোকেৰ্ট’ৰ ওচৰৰ ট্ৰ’উলানত পোৱা গৈছিল। স্থানীয় হিন্দু আন্দোলনে নতুনকৈ খনন কৰা মন্দিৰ ভৱন এটাৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ লাভৰ বাবে সংগ্ৰাম কৰি আছে যিটো তেওঁলোকে সক্ৰিয় হিন্দু পূজাৰ স্থান হিচাপে পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰা দেখিব বিচাৰে। সৰু হিন্দু ৰাজ্য মাজাপাহিটক সাম্ৰাজ্যলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা ব্যক্তিজনৰ নামত এই মন্দিৰটো উছৰ্গা কৰা হৈছে। যদিও পূব জাভাত ইছলামকৰণৰ প্ৰতিৰোধৰ ইতিহাস অধিক স্পষ্ট হৈ পৰিছে, তথাপি প্ৰম্বাননৰ প্ৰাচীন হিন্দু কীৰ্তিচিহ্নৰ ওচৰত মধ্য জাভাতো হিন্দু সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটিছে। ২০১৯ চনৰ ৯ নৱেম্বৰৰপৰা ১২ নৱেম্বৰলৈ এই মন্দিৰ চৌহদত মহান অভিষেক পৱিত্ৰ অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। ৮৫৬ চনত প্ৰম্বনন মন্দিৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱাৰ ১১৬৩ বছৰৰ পাছত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এই হিন্দু অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dharmadana.id/umat-hindu-diy-gelar-ritual-pensucian-candi-prambanan-pertama-setelah-ribuan-tahun/|title=Umat Hindu DIY Gelar Ritual Pensucian Candi Prambanan Pertama Setelah Ribuan Tahun » Badan Dharma Dana Nasional|date=13 November 2019|website=Badan Dharma Dana Nasional|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-04-19|archive-date=12 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812215033/https://dharmadana.id/umat-hindu-diy-gelar-ritual-pensucian-candi-prambanan-pertama-setelah-ribuan-tahun/|url-status=dead|archivedate=12 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812215033/https://dharmadana.id/umat-hindu-diy-gelar-ritual-pensucian-candi-prambanan-pertama-setelah-ribuan-tahun/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapostimages.com/images/view/41261|title=Upacara Abhiseka di Candi Prambanan Yogyakarta by {{!}} The Jakarta Post Images|website=thejakartapostimages.com|access-date=2019-12-04}}</ref> অভিষেক অনুষ্ঠানৰ উদ্দেশ্য আছিল মন্দিৰটো পৰিষ্কাৰ, পৱিত্ৰ আৰু শুদ্ধ কৰা, এইদৰে ইয়াৰ অৰ্থ হ’ল যে মন্দিৰটো কেৱল প্ৰত্নতাত্ত্বিক আৰু পৰ্যটনস্থলী নহয়, বৰঞ্চ হিন্দু ধৰ্মীয় কাৰ্যকলাপৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দু হিচাপে ইয়াৰ মূল কাৰ্য্যকো পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bumn.go.id/borobudur/berita/1-Abhiseka-Prambanan|title=Abhiseka Prambanan|last=Kurnia|first=Fadjrin|website=bumn.go.id/|language=id|date=5 November 2019|access-date=2019-12-04|archive-date=4 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204150425/http://www.bumn.go.id/borobudur/berita/1-Abhiseka-Prambanan|url-status=dead|archivedate=4 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204150425/http://www.bumn.go.id/borobudur/berita/1-Abhiseka-Prambanan|deadurl=yes}}</ref> === লাওছ === লাওছৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ ০.১%তকৈও কম হিন্দু ধৰ্ম। লাওছৰ প্ৰায় ৭,০০০ লোক হিন্দু। প্ৰাচীন লাওছ হিন্দু খ্মেৰ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অংশ আছিল। ৱাট ফৌ সেই সময়ৰ অন্যতম শেষ প্ৰভাৱ। ৰামায়ণৰ লাওচীয়া অভিযোজনটোক ফ্ৰা লাক ফ্ৰা লম বুলি কোৱা হয়। === মালয়েছিয়া === [[চিত্ৰ:Taipusam Batu Caves, 2012 - panoramio (6).jpg|thumb|মালয়েছিয়াৰ বাটু গুহা মন্দিৰত থাইপুছাম উৎসৱ। মালয়েছিয়াৰ হিন্দুসকলৰ অধিকাংশই তামিল। ]] মালয়েছিয়াৰ চতুৰ্থ বৃহত্তম ধৰ্ম হিন্দু ধৰ্ম। ২০১০ চনৰ মালয়েছিয়াৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ১৭.৮ লাখ মালয়েছিয়াৰ বাসিন্দা (মুঠ জনসংখ্যাৰ ৬.৩%) হিন্দু।<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&id=1215 2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia (Census 2010)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914022602/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&id=1215|date=14 September 2014}} Department of Statistics Malaysia, Official Portal (2012)</ref> অধিকাংশ মালয়েচিয়ান হিন্দু উপদ্বীপীয় মালয়েচিয়াৰ পশ্চিম অংশত বসবাস কৰে। প্ৰাচীন আৰু মধ্যযুগীয় সময়ছোৱাত ভাৰতীয় হিন্দু আৰু বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মাৱলম্বীসকল মালয়েচিয়ালৈ আহিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ১৯ আৰু ২০ শতিকাত ব্ৰিটিছ ঔপনিৱেশিক সাম্ৰাজ্যই কফি আৰু কুঁহিয়াৰ খেতিৰ লগতে টিন খনিৰ চুক্তিবদ্ধ শ্ৰমিক হিচাপে দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰপৰা বৃহৎসংখ্যক হিন্দুক মালয়েচিয়ালৈ আনিছিল; পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁলোকক চীনা বৌদ্ধসকলৰ সৈতে ৰবৰ বাগানসমূহত বৃহৎ সংখ্যাত নিয়োজিত কৰা হৈছিল। শ্ৰমিকৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন হ্ৰাস কৰা আৰু শ্ৰমৰ স্থিৰতা বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা ব্ৰিটিছ ‘কাংগানী’ নিযুক্তি ব্যৱস্থাই হিন্দু শ্ৰমিকসকলক মালয়েচিয়াত ব্ৰিটিছ কাম-কাজত যোগ দিবলৈ ভাৰতৰপৰা তেওঁলোকৰ বন্ধু-বান্ধৱ আৰু পৰিয়ালৰ লোকক নিযুক্তি দিবলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল। ১৯০০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ভাগত এই কাংগানী ব্যৱস্থাই মালয়েচিয়ালৈ বহুসংখ্যক তামিল হিন্দুক লৈ আহিছিল।<ref>Sandhu (2010), Indians in Malaya: Some Aspects of Their Immigration and Settlement (1786–1957), Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-0521148139}}, pp. 89–102</ref>১৯৫০ চনৰ ভিতৰত মালয়েছিয়াৰ প্ৰায় ১২.৮% জনসংখ্যায় হিন্দু বুলি দাবী কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Siddha Community|url=http://www.siddha.com.my/|access-date=2021-08-09|website=www.siddha.com.my}}</ref> ১৯৫৭ চনত মালয়েছিয়াই ব্ৰিটিছ ঔপনিৱেশিক সাম্ৰাজ্যৰপৰা স্বাধীনতা লাভ কৰাৰ পাছত মালয়েছিয়াই নিজৰ চৰকাৰী ৰাষ্ট্ৰ ধৰ্মক ইছলাম বুলি ঘোষণা কৰি বৈষম্যমূলক সংবিধানৰ লগতে ১৯৭১ চনৰ দেশদ্ৰোহ আইন গ্ৰহণ কৰে যিয়ে মালয়েছিয়াই ধৰ্ম, ভাষা আৰু নাগৰিকত্ব নীতিৰ প্ৰতি মালয়েছিয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ ওপৰত ৰাজহুৱা বিতৰ্ক সীমিত কৰি পেলায়।<ref name="2011report">[http://www.refworld.org/docid/502105a42d.html 2011 Report on International Religious Freedom – Malaysia] U.S. State Department (2012)</ref><ref name="gandg">Gill & Gopal, Understanding Indian Religious Practice in Malaysia, J Soc Sci, 25(1-2-3): 135–146 (2010)</ref><ref>Raymond Lee, Patterns of Religious Tension in Malaysia, Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Apr. 1988), pp. 400–418</ref> যোৱা দশকবোৰত মালয়েছিয়াৰ বিভিন্ন ৰাজ্য চৰকাৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ শ্বৰীয়ত আদালতে আন সংখ্যালঘু ধৰ্মৰ লগতে হিন্দুসকলৰ ওপৰত ধৰ্মীয় নিৰ্যাতন চলোৱাৰ বাতৰি বাঢ়িছে।<ref name="2011report2">[http://www.refworld.org/docid/502105a42d.html 2011 Report on International Religious Freedom – Malaysia] U.S. State Department (2012)</ref><ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/222357.pdf Religious Freedom Report 2013 – Malaysia] U.S. State Department (2014)</ref> ব্যক্তিগত সম্পত্তিত নিৰ্মিত, আৰু মালয়েছিয়াৰ স্বাধীনতাৰ বহু আগতেই নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হিন্দু মন্দিৰসমূহ শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত মালয়েছিয়াৰ চৰকাৰী বিষয়াসকলে ভাঙি পেলাইছে।<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208456.pdf Religious Freedom Report 2012 – Malaysia] U.S. State Department (2013)</ref> ১৯৭০ চনৰপৰা মালয়েছিয়াৰপৰা হিন্দুসকলৰ (বৌদ্ধ আৰু খ্ৰীষ্টানসকলৰ লগতে) বৃহৎ পৰিসৰৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন ঘটিছে।<ref>[http://www.orfonline.org/cms/export/orfonline/modules/issuebrief/attachments/malaysia_1203067850658.pdf Malaysian Indian Community: Victim of ‘Bumiputera’ Policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913194927/http://www.orfonline.org/cms/export/orfonline/modules/issuebrief/attachments/malaysia_1203067850658.pdf|date=13 September 2014}} ORF Issue Report (2008)</ref><ref name="akaur">Amarjit Kaur, [http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/02/20/aliens-in-the-land-indian-migrant-workers-in-malaysia/ Indian migrant workers in Malaysia – part 1] Australian National University</ref><ref name="akaur2">Amarjit Kaur, [http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/newmandala/2013/02/21/aliens-in-the-land-indian-migrant-workers-in-malaysia-part-2/ Indian migrant workers in Malaysia – part 2] Australian National University</ref> মালয়েছিয়াৰ হিন্দুসকলে দীপাৱলী (পোহৰৰ উৎসৱ), থাইপুছাম (ভগৱান মুৰুগান উৎসৱ), পংগল (চপোৱা উৎসৱ) আৰু নৱৰাত্ৰি (দুৰ্গা উৎসৱ) পালন কৰে। === ম্যানমাৰ === [[চিত্ৰ:Hindu temple procession cart, Yangon.jpg|thumb|ম্যানমাৰৰ ইয়াংগনত হিন্দু শোভাযাত্ৰা]] বাৰ্মাত (ম্যানমাৰ) প্ৰায় ৮,৪০,০০০ লোকে হিন্দু ধৰ্ম পালন কৰে, যদিও ইয়াৰ কোনো নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য লোকপিয়লৰ তথ্য উপলব্ধ নাই। ম্যানমাৰৰ বেছিভাগ হিন্দুই হৈছে বাৰ্মীজ ভাৰতীয়। <ref>[https://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/table-religious-composition-by-country-in-numbers/ Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers] Pew Research Center (December 2012)</ref> আধুনিক ম্যানমাৰৰ বেছিভাগ হিন্দু ইয়াংগন আৰু মাণ্ডালেৰ দৰে চহৰীয়া কেন্দ্ৰসমূহত পোৱা যায়। বাৰ্মাৰ অন্যান্য অংশতো প্ৰাচীন হিন্দু মন্দিৰ আছে, যেনে বাগানত অৱস্থিত বিষ্ণুৰ নামত উৎসৰ্গিত ১১ শতিকাৰ নাথলাউং ক্যাউং মন্দিৰ। ম্যানমাৰৰ হিন্দু ধৰ্ম বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰদ্বাৰাও প্ৰভাবিত হৈছে, যাৰ বাবে ম্যানমাৰৰ বহুতো হিন্দু মন্দিৰত বুদ্ধৰ মূৰ্তিও স্থাপন কৰা দেখা যায়।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25438275|title=Myanmar's Tamils seek to protect their identity|work=BBC News|date=6 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Han|first1=Thi Ri|url=https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/myanmars-hindu-community-looks-west|title=Myanmar's Hindu community looks west|work=Frontier Myanmar|date=18 May 2016|access-date=2 December 2017|archive-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624093156/https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/myanmars-hindu-community-looks-west|url-status=dead}}</ref> বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম প্ৰধান সংস্কৃতি হোৱা সত্ত্বেও বৰ্তমানৰ বাৰ্মাত (ম্যানমাৰ) হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ বিভিন্ন দিশ আজিও প্ৰচলিত হৈ আছে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপ, তাত ‘থাগ্যামিন’ক পূজা কৰা হয়, যাৰ উৎপত্তি হিন্দু দেৱতা ইন্দ্ৰৰপৰা হৈছে। বাৰ্মীজ সাহিত্যও হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰদ্বাৰা সমৃদ্ধ হৈছে, যাৰ ভিতৰত ৰামায়ণৰ বাৰ্মীজ সংস্কৰণ ‘য়ামা জাতদ’ অন্যতম। একেদৰে, বহুবাৰ্মীজ লোকে বিভিন্ন হিন্দু দেৱ-দেৱীকো পূজা কৰে, যেনে— বিদ্যাৰ দেৱী সৰস্বতী (যাক বাৰ্মীজ ভাষাত ‘থুয়াথাদী’ বুলি জনা যায়), যাৰ সাধাৰণতে পৰীক্ষাৰ পূৰ্বে পূজা কৰা হয়; শিৱক ‘পাৰামিজৱা’ আৰু বিষ্ণুক ‘ৱিথানো’ বুলি কোৱা হয়। এইসমূহ ধাৰণাৰ বহুলাংশই বাৰ্মীজ সংস্কৃতিত পোৱা ৩৭ জন ‘নাট’ বা দেৱ-দেৱীৰ অংশ।<ref>Thant Myint-U (2001), The Making of Modern Burma, Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-0521799140}}, pp. 27–47</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:Filippine, provincia di agusan, immagine hindu, statuetta in oro massiccio, xiii secolo.jpg|thumb|275x275px|ফিলিপাইনছৰ মিণ্ডানাওৰ আগুছান ডেল ছুৰৰ এস্পেৰাঞ্জাৰ ওচৰৰ ৱাৱা নদীৰ পাৰত ১৯১৭ চনত আৱিষ্কাৰ হোৱা আগুছান প্ৰতিমূৰ্তি (৯০০–৯৫০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)। ]] === ফিলিপাইনছ === ১৪৫০ চনত চুলুত ইছলাম আৰু ১৫২১ চনত স্পেইনৰপৰা জাহাজেৰে অহা ফাৰ্ডিনাণ্ড মেগেলানৰ সৈতে খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্মৰ আগমনৰ পূৰ্বে দ্বীপসমূহৰ বহু সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ প্ৰধানসকলক ৰাজা বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল আৰু এই লিপি ব্ৰাহ্মীৰপৰাই উদ্ভৱ হৈছিল। পৰম্পৰাগত বিশ্বদৃষ্টিভংগীৰ অংশ হিচাপে ফিলিপাইনছৰ বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ মাজত কৰ্মৰ ধাৰণাটো সহজেই বুজিব পৰা যায় আৰু ইয়াৰপৰা উৎপন্ন ধাৰণাসমূহ আছে যেনে পাম্পাংগান ভাষাত কলমা, আৰু ভিছায়ান ভাষাত গাবা। প্ৰাক-ঔপনিৱেশিক দেৱতাৰ নাম, যেনে বাথালা, শেষত হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰপৰা আহিছে যিদৰে আন বহুতো ধৰ্মীয় শব্দ আৰু ধাৰণাও আহিছে, আনকি আজিৰ বেছিভাগ ফিলিপাইনছ লোক খ্ৰীষ্টান। ফিলিপাইনছৰ সকলো ভাষাৰ শব্দভাণ্ডাৰত হিন্দু প্ৰভাৱৰ বিভিন্ন মাত্ৰা প্ৰতিফলিত হয়। আজি হিন্দু ধৰ্ম অনুগামীৰ সংখ্যা ফিলিপাইনছৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ ০.৩% আৰু ৩৪,৬৩৪ জন।<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=178c|title=National / Regional Profiles|website=thearda.com|access-date=2024-05-04}}</ref> আজি মহাত্মা গান্ধী ষ্ট্ৰীটত হিন্দু মন্দিৰ (বেছিভাগেই সিন্ধীসকলে উপস্থিত থাকে) আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ এভিনিউত খালছা দিৱান ভাৰতীয় শিখ মন্দিৰৰ গুৰদ্বাৰা আছে। দুয়োখনেই পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ভাৰতীয় এনক্লেভ পাকো আৰু পাণ্ডকান, মেনিলা চহৰৰ দুখন জিলাত অৱস্থিত আৰু ইটোৱে সিটোৰপৰা খোজকাঢ়ি প্ৰায় ১৫ মিনিটৰ দূৰত্বত অৱস্থিত।<ref>In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the ISKCON temple was right beside the Hindu Temple.</ref> বৰ্তমান দেশজুৰি প্ৰায় ২২টা গুৰদ্বাৰ আছে, ইয়াৰে অধিকাংশমণ্ডলী ভাৰতীয়, শ্ৰীলংকা আৰু নেপালী। আনন্দ মাৰ্গা আৰু ব্ৰহ্ম কুমাৰী জনগোষ্ঠীৰ উপস্থিতিৰ লগতে বিভিন্ন হৰে কৃষ্ণ গোষ্ঠীয়েও জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰিছে। [[চিত্ৰ:Extract from Inskripsyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna.jpg|thumb|178x178px|ফিলিপাইনছৰ আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি প্ৰচলিত নথি লাগুনা কপাৰপ্লেট শিলালিপি (প্ৰায় ৯০০)ত নামৰপৰা উপাধিলৈকে হিন্দু প্ৰভাৱ দেখুওৱা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ লিপিবদ্ধ তাৰিখ শক যুগৰ অনুসৰণ কৰা হৈছে। ]] === ছিংগাপুৰ === [[চিত্ৰ:Little India- Serangoon Road Singapore Diwali 2009.jpg|left|thumb|ছিংগাপুৰৰ লিটিল ইণ্ডিয়াত দীপাৱলী]] ছিংগাপুৰত হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তন দশম শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিৰপৰাই, চোলা যুগত। দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰপৰা অহা অনুপ্ৰৱেশকাৰীসকল, বেছিভাগেই তামিল, ব্ৰিটিছ ইষ্ট ইণ্ডিয়া কোম্পানীত শ্ৰমিক হিচাপে আহিছিল, নিজৰ ধৰ্ম আৰু সংস্কৃতি লৈ আহিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ আগমনৰ লগে লগে সমগ্ৰ দ্বীপটোত দ্ৰাবিড় মন্দিৰ নিৰ্মাণ হ’ল, আৰু এক সজীৱ হিন্দু সংস্কৃতিৰ আৰম্ভণি হ’ল। প্ৰথম মন্দিৰটো হৈছে ছিংগাপুৰৰ চাইনাটাউনৰ শ্ৰী মৰিয়াম্মান মন্দিৰ। বৰ্তমান ছিংগাপুৰত প্ৰায় ত্ৰিছটা মূল মন্দিৰ আছে, যিবোৰ হিন্দু প্যান্থেয়নৰ বিভিন্ন দেৱ-দেৱীৰ প্ৰতি উৎসৰ্গিত। আজি দুটা চৰকাৰী সংস্থাই হিন্দু বিষয়ৰ সৈতে জড়িত: হিন্দু এনডাউমেণ্টছ ব’ৰ্ড আৰু দ্য হিন্দু এডভাইজাৰী ব’ৰ্ড। ছিংগাপুৰত হিন্দু সংখ্যালঘু, ২০১০ চনত ইয়াৰ প্ৰায় ১০.১ শতাংশ নাগৰিক আৰু স্থায়ী বাসিন্দা। ১৫ বছৰ বা তাতকৈ অধিক বয়সৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰায় ৫৫৮,০০০ হিন্দু আছিল; ছিংগাপুৰৰ ৩৭% হিন্দুৱে ঘৰত তামিল ভাষা কয়, আন ৪২% লোকে ইংৰাজী কয়।<ref>[http://www.singstat.gov.sg/publications/publications_and_papers/cop2010/census_2010_release1/cop2010sr1.pdf Census of population 2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113154937/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/publications/publications_and_papers/cop2010/census_2010_release1/cop2010sr1.pdf|date=13 November 2013}} Singapore Department of Statistics (2011)</ref> দীপাৱলী হিন্দুসকলৰ এটা প্ৰধান উৎসৱ আৰু ছিংগাপুৰত পালন কৰা ৰাজহুৱা বন্ধৰ দিন।<ref>[http://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/leave-and-holidays/Pages/public-holidays-2014.aspx Public Holidays] Ministry of Manpower, Singapore</ref> === থাইলেণ্ড === থাইলেণ্ডত এতিয়াও বহুসংখ্যক হিন্দু ধৰ্মাৱলম্বী লোক আছে, যাৰ সৰহভাগেই চহৰসমূহত বসবাস কৰে। অতীতত এই দেশখন খমেৰ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ (Khmer Empire) প্ৰভাৱাধীন আছিল, যাৰ শিপা হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ সৈতে গভীৰভাৱে জড়িত আছিল। বৰ্তমান থাইলেণ্ড এখন বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম প্ৰধান দেশ হোৱা সত্ত্বেও, থাই সংস্কৃতি আৰু প্ৰতীকসমূহৰ বহু উপাদানে হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰভাৱ আৰু ঐতিহ্য প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপ, ইয়াৰ জনপ্ৰিয় মহাকাব্য ‘ৰামাকিয়েন’ ৰামায়ণৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত।<ref>{{cite web|title=Ramakien|work=Royal Thai Embassy|url=http://www.thaiembassy.no/News/joe_louis/en_Ramakien.html|access-date=31 July 2017|archive-date=17 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917100212/https://thaiembassy.no/News/joe_louis/en_Ramakien.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=17 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917100212/https://thaiembassy.no/News/joe_louis/en_Ramakien.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref>থাইলেণ্ডৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতীকটোত বিষ্ণুৰ বাহন গৰুড়ক চিত্ৰিত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web|title=The concept of Garuda in Thai society|url=http://emuseum.treasury.go.th/articles-en/537-garuda-coin.html|access-date=31 July 2017|archive-date=24 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324085902/http://emuseum.treasury.go.th/articles-en/537-garuda-coin.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=24 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324085902/http://emuseum.treasury.go.th/articles-en/537-garuda-coin.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:Thailand-3749 - Four Faces Buddha (Brahma) (6042345760).jpg|left|thumb|থাইলেণ্ডৰ চিয়াং মাইত ব্ৰহ্মাৰ এখন মূৰ্তি]] বেংককৰ সমীপৱৰ্তী থাই চহৰ ‘আয়ুথায়া’, ৰামৰ জন্মভূমি অযোধ্যাৰ নামেৰে নামকৰণ কৰা হৈছে। পৱিত্ৰ সূতাৰ ব্যৱহাৰ আৰু শংখৰপৰা পানী ঢলা আদি ব্ৰাহ্মণ্য ধৰ্মৰপৰা অহা বহুতো আচাৰ-অনুষ্ঠান তেওঁলোকৰ ৰীতি-নীতিত সংৰক্ষিত হৈ আছে। তদুপৰি, বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে বহু থাই লোকে হিন্দু দেৱ-দেৱীকো পূজা কৰে, যেনে বিখ্যাত ইৰাৱান মণ্ডপত ব্ৰহ্মাৰ পূজা, আৰু গণেশ, ইন্দ্ৰ আৰু শিৱৰ মূৰ্তিৰ লগতে হিন্দু দেৱ-দেৱীৰ সৈতে জড়িত বহুতো প্ৰতীক দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়, উদাহৰণস্বৰূপ, গৰুড়, যি ৰাজতন্ত্ৰৰ এক প্ৰতীক।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Thailand's Hinduism|url=http://www.thaindian.com/about-thailand/thailand-hinduism-4053.html|access-date=9 August 2021|website=India Thai|archive-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428030627/http://www.thaindian.com/about-thailand/thailand-hinduism-4053.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=28 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428030627/http://www.thaindian.com/about-thailand/thailand-hinduism-4053.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> দ্বাদশ শতিকাৰ চুৰিন প্ৰদেশৰ প্ৰসাত শিখোৰাফুমৰ দৰে মন্দিৰৰ দেৱালত থকা ৰিলিফত নৃত্য কৰা শিৱ দেখা গৈছে, য’ত পাৰ্বতী, বিষ্ণু, ব্ৰহ্ম আৰু গণেশৰ সৰু সৰু প্ৰতিমূৰ্তি আছে।<ref>[http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/seasia/sikhoraphum/sk02.html Sikhoraphum], Thailand, Arts & Archaeology Journal</ref> ১৭৮৪ চনত প্ৰথম ৰজা ৰাম দেৱে প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হিন্দু মন্দিৰ থাইলেণ্ডৰ ব্ৰাহ্মণ ধৰ্মৰ কেন্দ্ৰস্থল এই মন্দিৰ। ৰাজদৰবাৰৰ ব্ৰাহ্মণসকলে মন্দিৰ পৰিচালনা কৰে, তেওঁলোকে বছৰি কেইবাটাও ৰাজকীয় অনুষ্ঠান কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hinduism – page 1/4|url=http://www.thaiworldview.com/bouddha/brahma.htm|access-date=2021-08-09|website=www.thaiworldview.com}}</ref> ১৯৩৫ চনলৈকে থাইলেণ্ডৰ প্ৰধান চহৰসমূহত ত্ৰিয়ম্পভাই-ত্ৰিপাভাই নামেৰে জনাজাত বাৰ্ষিক জায়েণ্ট ছুইং অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল আৰু নিৰাপত্তাৰ কাৰণে ইয়াক বিলুপ্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book|author=M. E. Manickavasagom Pillai|title=Dravidian Influence in Thai Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=soFCAAAAYAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Tamil University|page=69}}</ref> তামিল ভাষাৰ দুটা হিন্দু গীত তিৰুভেম্পাৱৈ আৰু থিৰুপভাই নামৰ দুটি গীতৰ নামৰপৰাই এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ নাম উলিয়ায়। জনা যায় যে থিৰুভেম্পৱাইৰপৰা তামিল পদ — কবি প্ৰতু শিৱলাই ("শিৱৰ ঘৰৰ দুৱাৰ মুকলি কৰা") — এই অনুষ্ঠানত আবৃত্তি কৰা হৈছিল, লগতে থাইলেণ্ডৰ ৰজাৰ ৰাজ অভিষেক অনুষ্ঠানতো আবৃত্তি কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Upendra_1986">{{cite book|author=Upendra Thakur|title=Some Aspects of Asian History and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m42TldA_OvAC&pg=PA27|year=1986|publisher=Abhinav|isbn=978-81-7017-207-9|pages=27–28}}</ref> টি.পি.ৰ মতে। মীনাক্ষীসুন্দৰম, এই উৎসৱৰ নামটোৱে বুজায় যে থিৰুপভায়ো হয়তো আবৃত্তি কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book|title=Consider Our Vow: Translation of Tiruppāvai and Tiruvempāvai Into English|author=Norman Cutler|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fMOAAAAMAAJ|year=1979|publisher=Muttu Patippakam|page=13}}</ref> দোলনা অনুষ্ঠানত দেৱতাই পৃথিৱীখন কেনেকৈ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল সেই বিষয়ে এক কিংবদন্তি চিত্ৰিত কৰা হৈছিল। দোকানৰ বাহিৰত বিশেষকৈ চহৰ আৰু গ্ৰাম্য অঞ্চলত ধন, সৌভাগ্য আৰু সমৃদ্ধিৰ দেৱতা হিচাপে নাং কোৱাকৰ মূৰ্তি (লক্ষ্মীৰ সংস্কৰণ) পোৱা যায়।<ref>Ara Wilson (2008), The Sacred Geography of Bangkok's Markets, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Volume 32.3, September 2008, page 635</ref><ref>Jonathan Lee, Fumitaka Matsuoka, Edmond Yee and Ronald Nakasone (2015), Asian American Religious Cultures, ABC, {{ISBN|978-1598843309}}, page 892</ref> অভিজাত শ্ৰেণী, আৰু ৰাজগৃহই প্ৰায়ে ব্ৰাহ্মণক নিয়োগ কৰি অন্ত্যেষ্টিক্ৰিয়া আৰু ৰাজ্যিক অনুষ্ঠান যেনে ৰজাৰ হাল বোৱা অনুষ্ঠান চিহ্নিত কৰি ভাল শস্য নিশ্চিত কৰে। হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ গুৰুত্ব অস্বীকাৰ কৰিব নোৱাৰি, যদিও বহুতো ৰীতি-নীতি বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ সৈতে সংযুক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hinduismtoday.com/magazine/july-august-september-2003/2003-07-thailand-hinduism/|title=Thailand Hinduism|work=Hinduism Today|date=1 July 2003}}</ref> ২০০৫ চনৰ থাইলেণ্ডৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি থাইলেণ্ডত ৫২,৬৩১ জন হিন্দু বাস কৰে, যিটো মুঠ জনসংখ্যাৰ মাত্ৰ ০.০৯%।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://popcensus.nso.go.th/show_table.php?t=t5&yr=2543&a=1|title=Archived copy|access-date=19 February 2013|archive-date=28 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083815/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/show_table.php?t=t5&yr=2543&a=1|url-status=dead|archivedate=28 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728083815/http://popcensus.nso.go.th/show_table.php?t=t5&yr=2543&a=1|deadurl=yes}}</ref> === ভিয়েটনাম === [[চিত্ৰ:Danses Cham.jpg|left|thumb|245x245px|পো নগৰত বালামন চামৰ নৃত্যশিল্পী]] চম্পাৰ প্ৰথম লিপিবদ্ধ ধৰ্ম আছিল শৈৱ হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ এক ৰূপ, যি ভাৰতৰপৰা সাগৰীয় পথেৰে অনা হৈছিল। ষোড়শ শতিকালৈকে চাম লোকসকলৰ মাজত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ধৰ্ম আছিল (বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম, ইছলাম আৰু থলুৱা বিশ্বাসসমূহৰ সৈতে)। বৰ্তমানৰ ভিয়েটনামৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় অংশত শিৱৰ নামত উৎসৰ্গিত বহুতো মন্দিৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। দক্ষিণ ভিয়েটনামৰ মেকং নদীৰ বদ্বীপত অৱস্থিত মূলতঃ হিন্দু ধৰ্মীয় ওচ ইঅ’ পুৰাতাত্ত্বিক স্থানখন সপ্তম শতিকা আৰু তাৰো পূৰ্বৰ। চম্পা সভ্যতা বৰ্তমানৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় ভিয়েটনামৰ অধিক দক্ষিণ অংশত অৱস্থিত আছিল, আৰু ই আছিল এক অত্যন্ত ভাৰতীয়কৰণ হোৱা হিন্দু ৰাজ্য, যিয়ে ভাৰতৰপৰা সাগৰীয় পথেৰে অনা শৈৱ হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ এক ৰূপ চৰ্চা কৰিছিল। চাম লোকসকলে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা কেন্দ্ৰীয় ভিয়েটনামৰ এক হিন্দু মন্দিৰৰ শৈলশ্ৰেণী ‘মি চন’ এতিয়াও বৰ্তি আছে, যদিও ই ভিয়েটনামৰ কুয়াং নাম প্ৰদেশত ধ্বংসাৱশেষ অৱস্থাত আছে। পোন্ধৰ শতিকাৰপৰা উত্তৰ দিশৰ ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান ভিয়েটনামি ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত, চম্পাক জয় কৰা হৈছিল আৰু এক ৰাজনৈতিক সত্তা হিচাপে হ্ৰাস কৰা হৈছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত চামসকল ভিয়েটনামি সমাজৰ সৈতে বিলীন হৈ পৰে আৰু আজি তেওঁলোকক ভিয়েটনামৰ বহুতো জাতিগত সংখ্যালঘুসকলৰ অন্যতম হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হয়।<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Phuong|first1=Tran Ky|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GUHeBgAAQBAJ&q=cham+people+hinduism&pg=PA6|title=The Cham of Vietnam: History, Society and Art|last2=Lockhart|first2=Bruce|publisher=NUS Press|year=2011|isbn=978-9971-69-459-3|pages=4–6}}</ref> ভিয়েটনামৰ চাম জনসংখ্যাৰ ভিতৰত চাম বালামোন (হিন্দু ব্ৰাহ্মণ চাম) সংখ্যালঘু গঠন কৰে আনহাতে চামসকলৰ অধিকাংশই ইছলাম অনুসৰণ কৰা বুলি জনা যায় আৰু চাম বানি নামেৰে জনাজাত। বালামন শব্দটো ব্ৰাহ্মণৰপৰা উদ্ভৱ হোৱা বুলি ধৰা হয়,<ref name="Sơn p.105">Champa and the archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam) By Andrew Hardy, Mauro Cucarzi, Patrizia Zolese p.105</ref> অৱশ্যে আন এক অধ্যয়নত দেখা গৈছে যে ৭০% লোকক নাগবমশী ক্ষত্ৰিয় জাতিৰ<ref>''India's interaction with Southeast Asia'', Volume 1, Part 3 By Govind Chandra Pande, Project of History of Indian Science, philosophy, and Culture, Centre for Studies in Civilizations (Delhi, India) p.231,252</ref> (চাম(?) ভাষাত "সত্ৰীয়া" বুলি উচ্চাৰণ কৰা হয়)ৰ বংশধৰ বুলি ধৰা হয়, আৰু নিজকে চম্পা সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ বংশধৰ বুলি দাবী কৰা হয়।<ref>[https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35433.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2004], U.S. Department of State.</ref> যিকোনো ক্ষেত্ৰতে বালামন হিন্দু চামৰ যথেষ্ট অংশক [[ব্ৰাহ্মণ]] বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। হিন্দু মন্দিৰক চাম ভাষাত বিমং আৰু পুৰোহিতসকলক ''হালাউ তামুনায় আহিয়েৰ'' বুলি কোৱা হয়। ভিয়েটনামত হিন্দূৰ সঠিক সংখ্যা চৰকাৰী লোকপিয়লত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা নাই যদিও ইয়াত কমেও ১০,০০০ বালামন হিন্দু আছে বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছে, হো চি মিন চহৰত আৰু ৪,০০০ হিন্দু বাস কৰে; ইয়াৰে অধিকাংশই ভাৰতীয় (তামিল) বা মিশ্ৰ ভাৰতীয়-ভিয়েটনামী বংশৰ। মৰিয়াম্মান মন্দিৰ হো চি মিন চহৰৰ অন্যতম উল্লেখযোগ্য তামিল হিন্দু মন্দিৰ। যোৱা জনসংখ্যাৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি ভিয়েটনামৰ অধিকাংশ চাম জনগোষ্ঠীৰ (≈৬৫%) বাসস্থান হৈছে নিন থুয়ান আৰু বিন থুয়ান প্ৰদেশ। নিন থুয়ানৰ চাম বালামন (হিন্দু চাম)ৰ সংখ্যা আছিল ২০০২ চনত ৭,০০০ জন আৰু ৩৪খন চাম গাঁৱৰ ভিতৰত ৬খন গাঁৱত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="Sơn p.1052">Champa and the archaeology of Mỹ Sơn (Vietnam) By Andrew Hardy, Mauro Cucarzi, Patrizia Zolese p.105</ref>যদি এই জনসংখ্যাৰ গঠন সামগ্ৰিকভাৱে ভিয়েটনামৰ বালামন চাম জনসংখ্যাৰ বাবে সাধাৰণ হয় তেন্তে ভিয়েটনামৰ বালামন চামৰ প্ৰায় ১০% হিন্দু। ভিয়েটনামৰ বালামন চাম লোকসকলে বিশেষকৈ নিন থুয়ান প্ৰদেশত (১০.৪%) আৰু বিন থুয়ান (৪.৮%) হিন্দু ধৰ্ম পালন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Doc_Download.aspx|url=http://www.gso.gov.vn/Modules/Doc_Download.aspx?DocID=12724|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430081600/http://www.gso.gov.vn/Modules/Doc_Download.aspx?DocID=12724|archive-date=30 April 2020|website=gso.gov.vn|language=Vietnamese}}</ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == q61j3sj669w5l5xyqi87qplsb6eq5ht 0 136915 608837 608444 2026-05-26T10:04:45Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = তালাত বাছাৰী | native_name = طلعت بصاري | native_name_lang = fa | image = Talat basari.jpg | image_size = 220px | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = ১৯৬০ৰ দশকত তালাত বাছাৰী | birth_name = <!-- only use if different from name --> | birth_date = ১৯২৩ | birth_place = বাবল, মাজান্দাৰান, [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|2020|09|18|1923|1|1}}<ref name=Iranwire>[https://iranwire.com/fa/jinac/41516 به یاد طلعت بصاری، استاد دانشگاه و پژوهشگر بهایی]</ref> | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | other_names = | occupation = কবি, লেখিকা | years_active = | known_for = জুন্দিশাপুৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ উপ-আচাৰ্য (১৯৫৬–১৯৭৯) | spouse = {{marriage|আবুলঘাছেম ঘেবলে|1941}}<ref name=Iranwire/> | children = ৪<ref name=Iranwire/> | notable_works = }} '''তালাত বাছাৰী''' ({{Lang-en|Talat Basari}}, [[ইৰান]]ী কবি আৰু লেখিকা, ১৯২৩ – ১৮ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০২০) আছিল এগৰাকী ইৰানী বাহায়ী ধৰ্মাৱলম্বী কবি, নাৰীবাদী, শিক্ষাবিদ আৰু লেখিকা। ==জীৱনী== কেছপিয়ান সাগৰৰ পাৰৰ বাবল চহৰত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰা বাছাৰীয়ে [[পাৰ্চী ভাষা]] আৰু সাহিত্যত ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু [[ইৰান]]ৰ ৰাজধানী [[তেহৰান]]ৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়সমূহত অধ্যাপনা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Iranian Women's Equality Calendar |url=http://www.feministschool.com/english/IMG/pdf/Iranian_Women_s_equality_calendar-2.pdf |accessdate=4 November 2019 |archive-date=29 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429080832/http://www.feministschool.com/english/IMG/pdf/Iranian_Women_s_equality_calendar-2.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=29 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429080832/http://www.feministschool.com/english/IMG/pdf/Iranian_Women_s_equality_calendar-2.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ১৯৬০ৰ দশকত আহভাজৰ জুন্দিশাপুৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত কৰ্মৰত অৱস্থাত তেওঁ ইৰানৰ কোনো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ উপ-আচাৰ্য হিচাপে নিযুক্ত হোৱা প্ৰথমগৰাকী মহিলা আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Academy of Gundishapur |url=http://www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/_Academy_of_Gundishapur.htm |website=iranreview.org |accessdate=4 November 2019}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন ছাছাৰ্নিড সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ গুণ্ডেশাপুৰ একাডেমীৰ স্মৃতিত বিংশ শতিকাত পহ্লৱী ৰাজবংশই এই বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত আৰু বাহায়ী ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰতি থকা বিশ্বাসৰ বাবে তেওঁক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পদৰ পৰা বৰ্খাস্ত কৰা হয় আৰু অৱশেষত তেওঁ আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=History of the Exclusion of Iranian Baha'is from Higher Education after the Islamic Revolution |url=https://iranpresswatch.org/post/17086/history-of-the-exclusion-of-iranian-bahais-from-higher-education-after-the-islamic-revolution/ |accessdate=4 November 2019 |work=Iran Press Watch |date=30 May 2011}}</ref> বাছাৰীয়ে বিখ্যাত পাৰ্চী কবি [[ফেৰদৌছী]]য়ে ৰচনা কৰা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মহাকাব্য ''[[শ্বাহনামা]]''কে ধৰি ফাৰ্চী সাহিত্যৰ ওপৰত ব্যাপক সমালোচনা প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=WorldCat Profile Page |url=http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80000423/ |publisher=WorldCat |accessdate=4 November 2019}}</ref> তেওঁৰ সমালোচনাসমূহ বিশিষ্ট ইৰানী ইতিহাসবিদ ইৰাজ আফছাৰে শ্বাহনামা সাহিত্যৰ চাৰিওফালৰ বৰ্ণনাক পঢ়িবলৈ পৰামৰ্শ দিয়া বুলি তালিকাভুক্ত কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Omidsalar |first1=Mahmoud |title=Notes on Some Women of Shahnameh |journal=Name-ye Lran-e Bastan |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=23–48 |url=https://sites.uci.edu/nameyeiranebastan/files/2019/04/Part10-Notes-on-some-women-of-the-Shahnama.pdf |accessdate=4 November 2019 |publisher=California State University |location=Los Angeles}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনত তেওঁ ''উইমেন অৱ শ্বাহনামা'' নামৰ এখন ৩৪৭ পৃষ্ঠাৰ কিতাপ প্ৰকাশ কৰে যিয়ে মহাকাব্যখনৰ মহিলা চৰিত্ৰসমূহৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল। প্ৰতিটো চৰিত্ৰ পৃথকে পৃথকে বিশ্লেষণ কৰা হৈছে আৰু ইয়াত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছে শ্বাহ কাই কাভুছৰ পত্নী ছৌদাবেহ, নায়ক ৰোষ্টমৰ পত্নী তাহমিনেহ, সাহস আৰু মহিলাৰ বাবে আশাৰ প্ৰতীক স্বৰূপ চেম্পিয়ন গৰ্দাফাৰিদ আৰু বৰ্ণ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ নায়ক ফেৰেডাউনৰ মাতৃ ফাৰানাক।<ref>{{cite news |title=Ketabsara Publishes Talat Bassari's 'Women in Shahnameh' |url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/87789/ketabsara-publishes-talat-bassari-s-women-in-shahnameh |accessdate=4 November 2019 |work=Financial Tribune |date=10 June 2018 |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915194612/https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/87789/ketabsara-publishes-talat-bassari-s-women-in-shahnameh |url-status=dead |archivedate=15 September 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915194612/https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/87789/ketabsara-publishes-talat-bassari-s-women-in-shahnameh |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ১৯৬৭ চনত তেওঁ ইৰানৰ নাৰীবাদী আন্দোলনৰ অন্যতম অগ্ৰণী নেত্ৰী জান্দোখত চিৰাজীৰ জীৱনীও প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paidar |first1=Parvin |title=Women and the Political Process in Twentieth-Century Iran |date=1997 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521595728 |page=371 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2CP61Ke2cTQC&q=talat+basari&pg=PA371 |accessdate=4 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> তেওঁ নিউ জাৰ্চীত বাস কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pirnia |first1=Mansoureh |title=سالار زنان ايران: Pioneer Women of Iran – Salar Zanan e Iran – Pirnia |date=1995 |publisher=Mehriran Publishing Co. Ltd. |isbn=9780963312938 |pages=94–5 |url=https://google.com |accessdate=4 November 2019 |language=ar}}</ref> নিউ জাৰ্চী ভিত্তিক আলোচনী পাৰ্চিয়ান হেৰিটেজৰ সম্পাদনা মণ্ডলীৰ লগতো তেওঁ কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title=Persian Heritage Magazine |url=http://persian-heritage.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/PH-Magazine/PH78/PH78-E.pdf |accessdate=4 November 2019 |archive-date=21 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921010544/http://persian-heritage.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/PH-Magazine/PH78/PH78-E.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=21 September 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921010544/http://persian-heritage.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/PH-Magazine/PH78/PH78-E.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁ নিজকে বাহায়ী বুলি পৰিচয় দিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Eshraghieh and Mahmoud Rabbani Collection |url=https://bahai-library.com/bosch_rabbani_collection |website=bahai-library.com |accessdate=4 November 2019}}</ref> বাছাৰীয়ে প্ৰভাৱশালী পাৰ্চী বাহায়ী কবি তাহিৰিৰ জীৱনৰ ওপৰত লিখা কিতাপত সহায় কৰিছিল আৰু শিক্ষাজগতত পাৰ্চীৰ পৰা [[ইংৰাজী]] অনুবাদত অৰিহণা যোগাইছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ahdieh |first1=Hussein |last2=Chapman |first2=Hillary |title=The Calling: Tahirih of Persia and Her American Contemporaries |date=2017 |publisher=Ibex Publishers |isbn=9781588141453 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OJ8qDwAAQBAJ&q=talat+bassari&pg=PA12 |accessdate=4 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pickover |first1=Clifford A. |title=The Loom of God: Tapestries of Mathematics and Mysticism |date=2009 |publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. |isbn=9781402764004 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dEBwRV30x4UC&q=talat+bassari&pg=PA10 |accessdate=4 November 2019 |language=en}}</ref> ===স্বীকৃতি=== [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ ছিয়াটলৰ ইছাকুয়া হাইলেন্ডছত অনুষ্ঠিত ''উইমেন অৱ পাৰ্চিয়া'' শিল্প প্ৰদৰ্শনীত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হোৱা প্ৰতিকৃতিসমূহৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁৰ এটা প্ৰতিকৃতিও আছিল।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ball |first1=Linda |title='Women of Persia' exhibit honors strong, powerful women |url=https://www.issaquahreporter.com/news/women-of-persia-exhibit-honors-strong-powerful-women/ |accessdate=4 November 2019 |work=Issaquah Reporter |date=17 April 2014}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n80000423/ তালাত বাছাৰী], ৱৰ্ল্ডকেট [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানীয় নাৰী অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] hgonm0r7hnoxf4lmyjjiz79hodzy7xg 0 136928 608647 607723 2026-05-25T15:40:43Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ নিয়ম অনুসৰণ নকৰা পৃষ্ঠা}} '''জ্যোতিষ''' প্ৰাচীন কালত গ্ৰহ, নক্ষত্ৰ আৰু অন্যান্য খগোলীয় পিণ্ডসমূহৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰাকেই জ্যোতিষ বোলা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ গণিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে স্পষ্টকৈ কোৱা যায় যে বেদসমূহত ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কে স্পষ্ট গণনা দিয়া আছে। ফলিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে বহু পিছত তথ্য পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতীয় আচাৰ্যসকলে ৰচনা কৰা জ্যোতিষৰ পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ সংখ্যা এক লাখতকৈও অধিক। '''শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন''' প্ৰাচীনকালত গণিত আৰু জ্যৌতিষ সমাৰ্থক আছিল, কিন্তু পিছলৈ ইয়াৰ তিনিটা ভাগ হয়। এই তিনিওটা স্কন্ধৰ জ্ঞাতা জনক 'সংহিতাপাৰগ' বোলা হৈছিল। (১) সংহিতা বা শাখা: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতি আৰু অন্যান্য প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনাৰ বিশ্বত প্ৰভাৱ। এইটো এক বিস্তৃত ভাগ আছিল যত শকুন পৰীক্ষণ, লক্ষণ পৰীক্ষণ আৰু ভৱিষ্যত সূচনৰ বিৱৰণ আছিল। (২) হোৰা বা জাতক: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতিৰ মানৱৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ। ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্ক কুণ্ডলী বনোৱাৰ সৈতে আছিল। ইয়াৰ তিনিটা উপবিভাগ আছিল — ক) জাতক, খ) যাত্ৰা, গ) বিবাহ। (৩) গণিত: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ গতি আৰু স্থিতিৰ গণনা তথা অন্যান্য খগোলীয় গণনা। ক) সিদ্ধান্ত — মূলভূত গ্ৰন্থ খ) তন্ত্ৰ শাস্ত্ৰ গ) কৰণ — সৰলীকৃত গণনাযুক্ত গ্ৰন্থ; পঞ্চাং বনোৱাৰ বাবে উপযোগী। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তত মূলতঃ দুটা ভাগ থাকে — এটাত গ্ৰহ আদিৰ গণনা আৰু আনটোত সৃষ্টিৰ আৰম্ভ, গোল বিচাৰ, যন্ত্ৰৰচনা আৰু কালগণনা সম্পৰ্কীয় মান থাকে। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তক সম্পূৰ্ণ পৃথক ৰাখিব নোৱাৰি। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কৰণৰ লক্ষণত এই পাৰ্থক্য আছে যে গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ কল্পাদি বা সৃষ্ট্যাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে সিদ্ধান্ত, মহাযুগাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কোনো ইষ্টশকৰ পৰা (যেনে কলিযুগৰ আৰম্ভৰ পৰা) হ'লে কৰণ বোলা হয়। কেৱল গ্ৰহগণিতৰ দৃষ্টিত চালে এই তিনিওৰ মাজত কোনো পাৰ্থক্য নাই। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ বা কৰণ গ্ৰন্থত গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ থকা প্ৰকৰণসমূহ ক্ৰমে এনেধৰণৰ: মধ্যমাধিকাৰ, স্পষ্টাধিকাৰ, ত্ৰিপ্ৰশ্নাধিকাৰ, চন্দ্ৰগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, সূৰ্যগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, ছায়াধিকাৰ, উদয়াস্তাধিকাৰ, শৃংগোন্নত্যধিকাৰ, গ্ৰহযুত্যধিকাৰ, যাতাধিকাৰ। 'জ্যোতিষ' শব্দৰ দ্বাৰা নিম্নলিখিতবোৰ বুজিব পৰা যায়: বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ, সিদ্ধান্ত জ্যোতিষ বা গণিত জ্যোতিষ (Theoretical Astronomy), ফলিত জ্যোতিষ (Astrology), অংক জ্যোতিষ (Numerology), খগোল শাস্ত্ৰ (Astronomy)। '''বাৰটা ৰাশি (দ্বাদশ ৰাশি)''' জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰত ৰাশিচক্ৰক মুঠ বাৰটা ভাগত ভগোৱা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ৰাশি ৩০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সমান আৰু সকলো বাৰটা ৰাশি মিলি ৩৬০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ বৃত্ত তৈয়াৰ কৰে। এই বাৰটা ৰাশি ক্ৰমে তলত দিয়া হ'ল: ১. মেষ ৰাশি (Aries) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মেৰ (ভেড়া)। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ২. বৃষ ৰাশি (Taurus) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে ষাঁড়। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৩. মিথুন ৰাশি (Gemini) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে যমজ নৰ-নাৰী। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৪. কৰ্কট ৰাশি (Cancer) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কেঁকোৰা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৫. সিংহ ৰাশি (Leo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে সিংহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে সূৰ্য। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৬. কন্যা ৰাশি (Virgo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কুমাৰী কন্যা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৭. তুলা ৰাশি (Libra) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে তুলাদণ্ড। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৮. বৃশ্চিক ৰাশি ([https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_(%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF)?wprov=srpw1_3 Scorpio]) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে বিছা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৯. ধনু ৰাশি (Sagittarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে অৰ্ধ মানৱ অৰ্ধ অশ্ব ধনুৰ্ধৰ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১০. মকৰ ৰাশি (Capricorn) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মকৰ মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১১. কুম্ভ ৰাশি (Aquarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কলহ বহন কৰা মানুহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১২. মীন ৰাশি (Pisces) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে দুটা মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। এই বাৰটা ৰাশিক চাৰিটা তত্ত্বত ভগোৱা হয় — অগ্নি (মেষ, সিংহ, ধনু), পৃথিৱী (বৃষ, কন্যা, মকৰ), বায়ু (মিথুন, তুলা, কুম্ভ) আৰু জল (কৰ্কট, বৃশ্চিক, মীন)। '''জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰধান গ্ৰন্থসমূহ''' গাৰ্গীয়-জ্যোতিষ বা গৰ্গসংহিতা, গৰ্গ-সংহিতা (বৃদ্ধ গৰ্গ ৰচিত), গৰ্গ হোৰা, বৃহদ পাৰাশৰ হোৰাশাস্ত্ৰ (ঋষি পৰাশৰ ৰচিত), জৈমিনীসূত্ৰ (ঋষি জৈমিনি ৰচিত), স্ফুজিধ্বজ হোৰা বা যৱনজাতক (ৰজা স্ফুজিধ্বজ ৰচিত), সাৰাৱলী (কল্যাণৱৰ্মা), বৃহৎসংহিতা (বৰাহমিহিৰ), বৃহজ্জাতকম্ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), দৈৱজ্ঞৱল্লভ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), ফলদীপিকা (মন্ত্ৰেশ্বৰ), হোৰাসাৰ (পৃথুযাসস), সৰ্বাৰ্থচিন্তামণি (ভেংকটেশ দৈৱজ্ঞ), হোৰাৰত্ন (আচাৰ্য বলভদ্ৰ), জাতক পাৰিজাত (বৈদ্যনাথ দীক্ষিত), চমৎকাৰচিন্তামণি (মেলপাতুৰ নাৰায়ণ ভট্টতিৰি), উত্তৰকালামৃতম্ (গণক কালিদাস), তাজিকনীলকণ্ঠী (নীলাকণ্ঠ), প্ৰশ্নমাৰ্গ (প্ৰণকট্টু নম্বূতিৰি), দশাধ্যায়ী (গোৱিন্দ ভট্টতিৰি)। '''ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰাচীনতা''' ভাৰতীয় আৰ্যসকলৰ মাজত জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ জ্ঞান অতি প্ৰাচীন কালৰ পৰাই আছিল। যজ্ঞসমূহৰ তিথি আদি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ এই বিদ্যাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ ক্ৰমৰ বিষয়ে বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত সদায় উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। যেনে — পুনৰ্বসুৰ পৰা মৃগশিৰা (ঋগবেদ), মৃগশিৰাৰ পৰা ৰোহিণী (ঐতৰেয় ব্ৰাহ্মণ), ৰোহিণীৰ পৰা কৃত্তিকা (তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতা), কৃত্তিকাৰ পৰা ভৰণী (বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ)। তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতাৰ পৰা জানা যায় যে প্ৰাচীনকালত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন কৃত্তিকা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। এই বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰাই বৈদিক বৰ্ষৰ আৰম্ভ বুলি ধৰা হৈছিল, কিন্তু অয়নৰ গণনা মাঘ মাহৰ পৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত বৰ্ষৰ গণনা শৰদ বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। এই দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ গণনা বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়। বৈদিক কালত কোনো সময়ত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰতো পৰিছিল। ইয়াক বাল গংগাধৰ তিলকে ঋগবেদৰ পৰা বহু প্ৰমাণ দি প্ৰমাণ কৰিছে। কিছুমান লোকে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিছে যে বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ এই স্থিতি খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ৪০০০ বছৰৰ আগৰ। সেয়ে এইটো নিশ্চিত যে খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব পাঁচ-ছয় হাজাৰ বছৰৰ আগৰে পৰা হিন্দুসকলে নক্ষত্ৰ, অয়ন আদিৰ জ্ঞান ৰাখিছিল আৰু যজ্ঞৰ বাবে পাত্ৰা বনাইছিল। শৰদ বৰ্ষৰ প্ৰথম মাহৰ নাম আছিল অগ্ৰহায়ণ, যাৰ পূৰ্ণিমা মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। সেয়ে কৃষ্ণই গীতাত কৈছে — 'মাহসমূহৰ ভিতৰত মই মাৰ্গশীৰ্ষ'। প্ৰাচীন হিন্দুসকলে ধ্ৰুৱতাৰাও অতি প্ৰাচীন কালতে আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ সিদ্ধান্ত ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে অন্য কোনো দেশৰ পৰা লোৱা নাছিল; কাৰণ এই বিষয়ে যেতিয়া ইউৰোপত বিতৰ্ক চলিছিল, তাৰ সাত-আঠশ বছৰ আগতেই ভাৰতবাসীয়ে ইয়াৰ গতি আদিৰ নিৰূপণ কৰিছিল। বৰাহমিহিৰৰ সময়ত জ্যোতিষৰ সম্পৰ্কত পাঁচ প্ৰকাৰৰ সিদ্ধান্ত এই দেশত প্ৰচলিত আছিল — সৌৰ, পৈতামহ, বাসিষ্ঠ, পৌলিশ আৰু ৰোমক। সৌৰ সিদ্ধান্ত সম্পৰ্কীয় সূৰ্যসিদ্ধান্ত নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখন কোনো আন প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰন্থৰ আধাৰত ৰচিত যেন লাগে। বৰাহমিহিৰ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মগুপ্ত উভয়ে এই গ্ৰন্থৰ সহায় লৈছিল। এই সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰন্থসমূহত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ ভুজাংশ, স্থান, যুতি, উদয়, অস্ত আদি জনাৰ ক্ৰিয়াসমূহ সবিস্তাৰে দিয়া আছে। অক্ষাংশ আৰু দেশান্তৰৰো বিচাৰ আছে। পূৰ্বকালত দেশান্তৰ লংকা বা উজ্জয়িনীৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে গণনাৰ বাবে পৃথিৱীকেই কেন্দ্ৰ মানি চলিছিল আৰু গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্পষ্ট স্থিতি বা গতি লৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ কক্ষা আদিৰ সম্পৰ্কত তেওঁলোকৰ আৰু আজিৰ গণনাত কিছু পাৰ্থক্য আছে। ক্ৰান্তিবৃত্ত প্ৰথমে ২৮টা নক্ষত্ৰতহে বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাশিবিভাগ পিছৰ পৰা হৈছে। বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত ৰাশিৰ নাম পোৱা নাযায়। এই ৰাশিসমূহৰ যজ্ঞৰ সৈতে কোনো সম্পৰ্ক নাই। বহু পণ্ডিতৰ মতে ৰাশি আৰু দিনৰ নামসমূহ যৱন (গ্ৰীকসকলৰ) সম্পৰ্কৰ পিছৰ। বহু পাৰিভাষিক শব্দও গ্ৰীকসকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছে, যেনে — হোৰা, দৃক্কাণ, কেন্দ্ৰ, ইত্যাদি। '''তথ্যসূত্ৰ''' Census of Exact Sciences in Sanskrit — David Pigaree '''[[হিন্দু জ্যোতিষবিদ্যা|হিন্দু জ্যোতিষ]]''' হিন্দু জ্যোতিষ, যাক বৈদিক জ্যোতিষ বা জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰও বোলা হয়, ভাৰতৰ এক প্ৰাচীন আৰু পবিত্ৰ বিদ্যা। এই শাস্ত্ৰ হাজাৰ হাজাৰ বছৰ ধৰি হিন্দু সভ্যতাৰ লগত ওতপ্ৰোতভাৱে জড়িত হৈ আহিছে। গ্ৰহ-নক্ষত্ৰৰ গতিবিধি আৰু মানৱ জীৱনৰ মাজত গভীৰ সম্পৰ্ক আছে বুলি এই শাস্ত্ৰত বিশ্বাস কৰা হয়। জন্মকুণ্ডলী, ৰাশিফল আৰু গ্ৰহদশাৰ জৰিয়তে মানুহৰ ভূত, বৰ্তমান আৰু ভৱিষ্যতৰ বিষয়ে জনাৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়। হিন্দু সমাজত বিবাহ, নামকৰণ, গৃহপ্ৰৱেশকে ধৰি প্ৰতিটো শুভ কাৰ্যতে জ্যোতিষৰ পৰামৰ্শ লোৱা হয়। '''[https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7) হোৰোস্কোপ জ্যোতিষ]''' হোৰোস্কোপ জ্যোতিষ হৈছে এনে এক বিদ্যা যত কোনো ব্যক্তিৰ জন্মৰ তাৰিখ, সময় আৰু স্থানৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি তেওঁৰ ভৱিষ্যত নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হয়। জন্মৰ সময়ত আকাশত গ্ৰহ-নক্ষত্ৰসমূহ যি স্থানত আছিল তাৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি এখন বিশেষ মানচিত্ৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়, যাক জন্মকুণ্ডলী বা হোৰোস্কোপ বোলা হয়। এই কুণ্ডলীত বাৰটা ৰাশি আৰু বাৰটা ঘৰ থাকে আৰু প্ৰতিটো ঘৰে ব্যক্তিজনৰ জীৱনৰ বিভিন্ন দিশ যেনে স্বাস্থ্য, ধন, প্ৰেম, বিবাহ আৰু বৃত্তিক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰে। হোৰোস্কোপৰ জৰিয়তে দৈনিক, সাপ্তাহিক আৰু বাৰ্ষিক ৰাশিফল তৈয়াৰ কৰি মানুহক ভৱিষ্যতৰ বিষয়ে দিশনিৰ্দেশনা দিয়া হয় ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:জ্যোতিষ]] জ্যোতিষ শিকক: [https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ বৈদিক জ্যোতিষ পাঠ্যক্ৰম] ([https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ Vedic Astrology Course]) r0hfz7eacufrxicf49neq6zolxlfhs9 608829 608647 2026-05-26T09:32:13Z Golurambabu 49941 608829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ নিয়ম অনুসৰণ নকৰা পৃষ্ঠা}} '''জ্যোতিষ''' প্ৰাচীন কালত গ্ৰহ, নক্ষত্ৰ আৰু অন্যান্য খগোলীয় পিণ্ডসমূহৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰাকেই জ্যোতিষ বোলা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ গণিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে স্পষ্টকৈ কোৱা যায় যে বেদসমূহত ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কে স্পষ্ট গণনা দিয়া আছে। ফলিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে বহু পিছত তথ্য পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতীয় আচাৰ্যসকলে ৰচনা কৰা জ্যোতিষৰ পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ সংখ্যা এক লাখতকৈও অধিক। '''শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন''' প্ৰাচীনকালত গণিত আৰু জ্যৌতিষ সমাৰ্থক আছিল, কিন্তু পিছলৈ ইয়াৰ তিনিটা ভাগ হয়। এই তিনিওটা স্কন্ধৰ জ্ঞাতা জনক 'সংহিতাপাৰগ' বোলা হৈছিল। (১) সংহিতা বা শাখা: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতি আৰু অন্যান্য প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনাৰ বিশ্বত প্ৰভাৱ। এইটো এক বিস্তৃত ভাগ আছিল যত শকুন পৰীক্ষণ, লক্ষণ পৰীক্ষণ আৰু ভৱিষ্যত সূচনৰ বিৱৰণ আছিল। (২) হোৰা বা জাতক: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতিৰ মানৱৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ। ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্ক কুণ্ডলী বনোৱাৰ সৈতে আছিল। ইয়াৰ তিনিটা উপবিভাগ আছিল — ক) জাতক, খ) যাত্ৰা, গ) বিবাহ। (৩) গণিত: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ গতি আৰু স্থিতিৰ গণনা তথা অন্যান্য খগোলীয় গণনা। ক) সিদ্ধান্ত — মূলভূত গ্ৰন্থ খ) তন্ত্ৰ শাস্ত্ৰ গ) কৰণ — সৰলীকৃত গণনাযুক্ত গ্ৰন্থ; পঞ্চাং বনোৱাৰ বাবে উপযোগী। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তত মূলতঃ দুটা ভাগ থাকে — এটাত গ্ৰহ আদিৰ গণনা আৰু আনটোত সৃষ্টিৰ আৰম্ভ, গোল বিচাৰ, যন্ত্ৰৰচনা আৰু কালগণনা সম্পৰ্কীয় মান থাকে। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তক সম্পূৰ্ণ পৃথক ৰাখিব নোৱাৰি। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কৰণৰ লক্ষণত এই পাৰ্থক্য আছে যে গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ কল্পাদি বা সৃষ্ট্যাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে সিদ্ধান্ত, মহাযুগাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কোনো ইষ্টশকৰ পৰা (যেনে কলিযুগৰ আৰম্ভৰ পৰা) হ'লে কৰণ বোলা হয়। কেৱল গ্ৰহগণিতৰ দৃষ্টিত চালে এই তিনিওৰ মাজত কোনো পাৰ্থক্য নাই। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ বা কৰণ গ্ৰন্থত গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ থকা প্ৰকৰণসমূহ ক্ৰমে এনেধৰণৰ: মধ্যমাধিকাৰ, স্পষ্টাধিকাৰ, ত্ৰিপ্ৰশ্নাধিকাৰ, চন্দ্ৰগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, সূৰ্যগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, ছায়াধিকাৰ, উদয়াস্তাধিকাৰ, শৃংগোন্নত্যধিকাৰ, গ্ৰহযুত্যধিকাৰ, যাতাধিকাৰ। 'জ্যোতিষ' শব্দৰ দ্বাৰা নিম্নলিখিতবোৰ বুজিব পৰা যায়: বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ, সিদ্ধান্ত জ্যোতিষ বা গণিত জ্যোতিষ (Theoretical Astronomy), ফলিত জ্যোতিষ (Astrology), অংক জ্যোতিষ (Numerology), খগোল শাস্ত্ৰ (Astronomy)। '''বাৰটা ৰাশি (দ্বাদশ ৰাশি)''' জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰত ৰাশিচক্ৰক মুঠ বাৰটা ভাগত ভগোৱা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ৰাশি ৩০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সমান আৰু সকলো বাৰটা ৰাশি মিলি ৩৬০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ বৃত্ত তৈয়াৰ কৰে। এই বাৰটা ৰাশি ক্ৰমে তলত দিয়া হ'ল: ১. মেষ ৰাশি (Aries) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মেৰ (ভেড়া)। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ২. বৃষ ৰাশি (Taurus) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে ষাঁড়। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৩. মিথুন ৰাশি (Gemini) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে যমজ নৰ-নাৰী। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৪. কৰ্কট ৰাশি (Cancer) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কেঁকোৰা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৫. সিংহ ৰাশি (Leo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে সিংহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে সূৰ্য। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৬. কন্যা ৰাশি (Virgo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কুমাৰী কন্যা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৭. তুলা ৰাশি (Libra) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে তুলাদণ্ড। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৮. বৃশ্চিক ৰাশি (Scorpio]) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে বিছা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৯. ধনু ৰাশি (Sagittarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে অৰ্ধ মানৱ অৰ্ধ অশ্ব ধনুৰ্ধৰ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১০. মকৰ ৰাশি (Capricorn) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মকৰ মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১১. কুম্ভ ৰাশি (Aquarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কলহ বহন কৰা মানুহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১২. মীন ৰাশি (Pisces) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে দুটা মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। এই বাৰটা ৰাশিক চাৰিটা তত্ত্বত ভগোৱা হয় — অগ্নি (মেষ, সিংহ, ধনু), পৃথিৱী (বৃষ, কন্যা, মকৰ), বায়ু (মিথুন, তুলা, কুম্ভ) আৰু জল (কৰ্কট, বৃশ্চিক, মীন)। '''জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰধান গ্ৰন্থসমূহ''' গাৰ্গীয়-জ্যোতিষ বা গৰ্গসংহিতা, গৰ্গ-সংহিতা (বৃদ্ধ গৰ্গ ৰচিত), গৰ্গ হোৰা, বৃহদ পাৰাশৰ হোৰাশাস্ত্ৰ (ঋষি পৰাশৰ ৰচিত), জৈমিনীসূত্ৰ (ঋষি জৈমিনি ৰচিত), স্ফুজিধ্বজ হোৰা বা যৱনজাতক (ৰজা স্ফুজিধ্বজ ৰচিত), সাৰাৱলী (কল্যাণৱৰ্মা), বৃহৎসংহিতা (বৰাহমিহিৰ), বৃহজ্জাতকম্ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), দৈৱজ্ঞৱল্লভ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), ফলদীপিকা (মন্ত্ৰেশ্বৰ), হোৰাসাৰ (পৃথুযাসস), সৰ্বাৰ্থচিন্তামণি (ভেংকটেশ দৈৱজ্ঞ), হোৰাৰত্ন (আচাৰ্য বলভদ্ৰ), জাতক পাৰিজাত (বৈদ্যনাথ দীক্ষিত), চমৎকাৰচিন্তামণি (মেলপাতুৰ নাৰায়ণ ভট্টতিৰি), উত্তৰকালামৃতম্ (গণক কালিদাস), তাজিকনীলকণ্ঠী (নীলাকণ্ঠ), প্ৰশ্নমাৰ্গ (প্ৰণকট্টু নম্বূতিৰি), দশাধ্যায়ী (গোৱিন্দ ভট্টতিৰি)। '''ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰাচীনতা''' ভাৰতীয় আৰ্যসকলৰ মাজত জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ জ্ঞান অতি প্ৰাচীন কালৰ পৰাই আছিল। যজ্ঞসমূহৰ তিথি আদি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ এই বিদ্যাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ ক্ৰমৰ বিষয়ে বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত সদায় উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। যেনে — পুনৰ্বসুৰ পৰা মৃগশিৰা (ঋগবেদ), মৃগশিৰাৰ পৰা ৰোহিণী (ঐতৰেয় ব্ৰাহ্মণ), ৰোহিণীৰ পৰা কৃত্তিকা (তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতা), কৃত্তিকাৰ পৰা ভৰণী (বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ)। তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতাৰ পৰা জানা যায় যে প্ৰাচীনকালত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন কৃত্তিকা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। এই বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰাই বৈদিক বৰ্ষৰ আৰম্ভ বুলি ধৰা হৈছিল, কিন্তু অয়নৰ গণনা মাঘ মাহৰ পৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত বৰ্ষৰ গণনা শৰদ বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। এই দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ গণনা বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়। বৈদিক কালত কোনো সময়ত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰতো পৰিছিল। ইয়াক বাল গংগাধৰ তিলকে ঋগবেদৰ পৰা বহু প্ৰমাণ দি প্ৰমাণ কৰিছে। কিছুমান লোকে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিছে যে বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ এই স্থিতি খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ৪০০০ বছৰৰ আগৰ। সেয়ে এইটো নিশ্চিত যে খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব পাঁচ-ছয় হাজাৰ বছৰৰ আগৰে পৰা হিন্দুসকলে নক্ষত্ৰ, অয়ন আদিৰ জ্ঞান ৰাখিছিল আৰু যজ্ঞৰ বাবে পাত্ৰা বনাইছিল। শৰদ বৰ্ষৰ প্ৰথম মাহৰ নাম আছিল অগ্ৰহায়ণ, যাৰ পূৰ্ণিমা মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। সেয়ে কৃষ্ণই গীতাত কৈছে — 'মাহসমূহৰ ভিতৰত মই মাৰ্গশীৰ্ষ'। প্ৰাচীন হিন্দুসকলে ধ্ৰুৱতাৰাও অতি প্ৰাচীন কালতে আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ সিদ্ধান্ত ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে অন্য কোনো দেশৰ পৰা লোৱা নাছিল; কাৰণ এই বিষয়ে যেতিয়া ইউৰোপত বিতৰ্ক চলিছিল, তাৰ সাত-আঠশ বছৰ আগতেই ভাৰতবাসীয়ে ইয়াৰ গতি আদিৰ নিৰূপণ কৰিছিল। বৰাহমিহিৰৰ সময়ত জ্যোতিষৰ সম্পৰ্কত পাঁচ প্ৰকাৰৰ সিদ্ধান্ত এই দেশত প্ৰচলিত আছিল — সৌৰ, পৈতামহ, বাসিষ্ঠ, পৌলিশ আৰু ৰোমক। সৌৰ সিদ্ধান্ত সম্পৰ্কীয় সূৰ্যসিদ্ধান্ত নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখন কোনো আন প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰন্থৰ আধাৰত ৰচিত যেন লাগে। বৰাহমিহিৰ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মগুপ্ত উভয়ে এই গ্ৰন্থৰ সহায় লৈছিল। এই সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰন্থসমূহত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ ভুজাংশ, স্থান, যুতি, উদয়, অস্ত আদি জনাৰ ক্ৰিয়াসমূহ সবিস্তাৰে দিয়া আছে। অক্ষাংশ আৰু দেশান্তৰৰো বিচাৰ আছে। পূৰ্বকালত দেশান্তৰ লংকা বা উজ্জয়িনীৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে গণনাৰ বাবে পৃথিৱীকেই কেন্দ্ৰ মানি চলিছিল আৰু গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্পষ্ট স্থিতি বা গতি লৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ কক্ষা আদিৰ সম্পৰ্কত তেওঁলোকৰ আৰু আজিৰ গণনাত কিছু পাৰ্থক্য আছে। ক্ৰান্তিবৃত্ত প্ৰথমে ২৮টা নক্ষত্ৰতহে বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাশিবিভাগ পিছৰ পৰা হৈছে। বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত ৰাশিৰ নাম পোৱা নাযায়। এই ৰাশিসমূহৰ যজ্ঞৰ সৈতে কোনো সম্পৰ্ক নাই। বহু পণ্ডিতৰ মতে ৰাশি আৰু দিনৰ নামসমূহ যৱন (গ্ৰীকসকলৰ) সম্পৰ্কৰ পিছৰ। বহু পাৰিভাষিক শব্দও গ্ৰীকসকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছে, যেনে — হোৰা, দৃক্কাণ, কেন্দ্ৰ, ইত্যাদি। '''তথ্যসূত্ৰ''' Census of Exact Sciences in Sanskrit — David Pigaree '''[[হিন্দু জ্যোতিষবিদ্যা|হিন্দু জ্যোতিষ]]''' হিন্দু জ্যোতিষ, যাক বৈদিক জ্যোতিষ বা জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰও বোলা হয়, ভাৰতৰ এক প্ৰাচীন আৰু পবিত্ৰ বিদ্যা। এই শাস্ত্ৰ হাজাৰ হাজাৰ বছৰ ধৰি হিন্দু সভ্যতাৰ লগত ওতপ্ৰোতভাৱে জড়িত হৈ আহিছে। গ্ৰহ-নক্ষত্ৰৰ গতিবিধি আৰু মানৱ জীৱনৰ মাজত গভীৰ সম্পৰ্ক আছে বুলি এই শাস্ত্ৰত বিশ্বাস কৰা হয়। জন্মকুণ্ডলী, ৰাশিফল আৰু গ্ৰহদশাৰ জৰিয়তে মানুহৰ ভূত, বৰ্তমান আৰু ভৱিষ্যতৰ বিষয়ে জনাৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়। হিন্দু সমাজত বিবাহ, নামকৰণ, গৃহপ্ৰৱেশকে ধৰি প্ৰতিটো শুভ কাৰ্যতে জ্যোতিষৰ পৰামৰ্শ লোৱা হয়। '''[https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7) হোৰোস্কোপ জ্যোতিষ]''' হোৰোস্কোপ জ্যোতিষ হৈছে এনে এক বিদ্যা যত কোনো ব্যক্তিৰ জন্মৰ তাৰিখ, সময় আৰু স্থানৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি তেওঁৰ ভৱিষ্যত নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হয়। জন্মৰ সময়ত আকাশত গ্ৰহ-নক্ষত্ৰসমূহ যি স্থানত আছিল তাৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি এখন বিশেষ মানচিত্ৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়, যাক জন্মকুণ্ডলী বা হোৰোস্কোপ বোলা হয়। এই কুণ্ডলীত বাৰটা ৰাশি আৰু বাৰটা ঘৰ থাকে আৰু প্ৰতিটো ঘৰে ব্যক্তিজনৰ জীৱনৰ বিভিন্ন দিশ যেনে স্বাস্থ্য, ধন, প্ৰেম, বিবাহ আৰু বৃত্তিক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰে। হোৰোস্কোপৰ জৰিয়তে দৈনিক, সাপ্তাহিক আৰু বাৰ্ষিক ৰাশিফল তৈয়াৰ কৰি মানুহক ভৱিষ্যতৰ বিষয়ে দিশনিৰ্দেশনা দিয়া হয় ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:জ্যোতিষ]] জ্যোতিষ শিকক: [https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ বৈদিক জ্যোতিষ পাঠ্যক্ৰম] ([https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ Vedic Astrology Course]) 3jzcz5whbb5hi3yflkq6pn2socwzoj7 0 136938 608648 608194 2026-05-25T15:42:07Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ধৰ্ম কান্ত মিলি |image=Dhormo kanto Mili (Mising).jpg | birth_date = ২ জুন, ১৯৬৭ | birth_place = [[দিখৌমুখ]], [[শিৱসাগৰ]] | death_date = ১৭ মে', ২০২৬ | death_place = [[গুৱাহাটী]] | nationality = [[ভাৰতীয়]] | occupation = [[অসম অসামৰিক সেৱা]] বিষয়া, লেখক, ক্ৰীড়াবিদ | parents = গংগাই চন্দ্ৰ মিলি, গুণৱতী মিলি}} '''ধৰ্ম কান্ত মিলি''' ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী:]] Dharma Kanta Mili) [[অসম লোকসেৱা আয়োগ]] (ACS)ৰ এগৰাকী জ্যেষ্ঠ তথা সুদক্ষ প্ৰশাসনিক বিষয়া, ক্ৰীড়াবিদ (ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ) আৰু অসমীয়া সুলেখক। ১৯৬৭ চনৰ ২ জুন তৰিখে [[শিৱসাগৰ]]ৰ দিখৌমুখত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰা ধৰ্ম কান্ত মিলি [[অসম চৰকাৰ]]ৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰশাসনিক কাম-কাজত জড়িত থকাৰ লগতে বিভিন্ন সামাজিক কাম-কাজ, ক্ৰীড়াজগত আৰু শৈক্ষিক ক্ষেত্ৰখনলৈ অৱদান যোগাইছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://directorateofhighereducation.assam.gov.in/resource/detail/rti-contacts |title=RTI Contacts |website=Directorate of Higher Education, Assam |access-date=21 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ers.assam.gov.in/service_report.php?nm=626&hash=a66f188e3620517060af10dc5aa7002b |title=Service Report |website=Government of Assam |access-date=21 May 2026}}</ref> == শিক্ষা == মিলিয়ে ১৯৮২ চনত স্থানীয় দিখৌমুখ জনজাতি উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা সুখ্যাতিৰে হাইস্কুল শিক্ষান্ত পৰীক্ষাত উত্তীৰ্ণ হৈ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত [[কটন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]ৰ পৰা স্নাতক আৰু [[গুৱাহাটী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]ৰ পৰা স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। == কৰ্ম জীৱন == প্ৰথমতে শিৱসাগৰ মহাবিদ্যালয় আৰু [[জগন্নাথ বৰুৱা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]ত কিছুদিন অধ্যাপনা কৰাৰ সময়তে ১৯৯৩ চনত অসম চৰকাৰৰ অসামৰিক সেৱাৰ পৰীক্ষাত সুখ্যাতিৰে উত্তীৰ্ণ হৈ এগৰাকী অসামৰিক প্ৰশাসনিক বিষয়া হিচাপে কৰ্মজীৱনৰ পাতনি মেলে। কৰ্মজীৱনৰ সময়ছোৱাত এগৰাকী দক্ষ প্ৰশাসনিক বিষয়াৰ পৰিচয় দিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা মিলিয়ে অসম চৰকাৰৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষা বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক, ক্ৰীড়া আৰু যুৱ কল্যাণ বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক, জল জীৱন মিছনৰ অতিৰিক্ত সঞ্চালক, জন স্বাস্থ্য কাৰিকৰী বিভাগৰ অতিৰিক্ত সচিব, পঞ্চায়ত আৰু গ্ৰামোন্নয়ন বিভাগৰ যুটীয়া সচিব, মীন বিভাগৰ যুটীয়া সচিব, [[মিচিং স্বায়ত্বশাসিত পৰিষদ]]ৰ মুখ্য সচিব, ধেমাজি জিলা অতিৰিক্ত আয়ুক্ত, অতিৰিক্ত উন্নয়ন আয়ুক্ত, ধেমাজি জিলা মহকুমা বিষয়া, উত্তৰ লখিমপুৰ, বিহপুৰীয়া, ওদালগুৰি, নাওবৈচা আৰু সোৱনশিৰীৰ মূল চক্ৰ বিষয়া হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি মৃত্যুৰ সময়লৈকে অসম চৰকাৰৰ ৰাজহ বিভাগৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |title=ধৰ্ম কান্ত মিলিৰ মৃত্যুত শোকৰ ছাঁ |newspaper=নিয়মীয়া বাৰ্তা |date=18 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/cities/guwahati-city/assamese-writer-and-bureaucrat-dharmakanta-mili-passes-away-in-guwahati-tributes-pour-in |title=Assamese writer and bureaucrat Dharmakanta Mili passes away in Guwahati |website=The Sentinel Assam |access-date=21 May 2026}}</ref> == মৃত্যু == উচ্চ ৰক্তচাপজনিত কাৰণত আক্ৰান্ত হৈ গুৱাহাটীৰ জি এন আৰ চি চিকিৎসালয়ত চিকিৎসাধীন হৈ থকা অৱস্থাত ২০২৬ চনৰ ১৭ মে' তাৰিখে মিলিয়ে প্ৰায় ৫৯ বছৰ বয়সত শেষ নিশ্বাস ত্যাগ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.asomiyapratidin.in/homepage/former-director-of-higher-education-dharmakanta-mili-passes-away-11844166 |title=Former Director of Higher Education Dharmakanta Mili passes away |website=অসমীয়া প্ৰতিদিন |access-date=21 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/cities/guwahati-city/assamese-writer-and-bureaucrat-dharmakanta-mili-passes-away-in-guwahati-tributes-pour-in |title=Assamese writer and bureaucrat Dharmakanta Mili passes away in Guwahati |website=The Sentinel Assam |access-date=21 May 2026}}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == [[শ্ৰেণী:মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠীৰ ব্যক্তি]] <references /> [[শ্ৰেণী:প্ৰশাসনিক বিষয়া]] n8i14lhkvc8cm7uwfdqlp84ms740jyu 0 136941 608749 607780 2026-05-26T06:34:30Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = জৰ্জিয়া মেলোনি<br />Giorgia Meloni | image = Giorgia Meloni Official 2024 (cropped).jpg | caption = জৰ্জিতা মেলোনি, ২০২৪ | office = ইটালীৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী | president = ছাৰ্জিঅ' মাট্টাৰেল্লা | term_start = ২২ অক্টোবৰ ২০২২ | deputy = {{ubl|এণ্টনিঅ' টাজানি|মেট্টে ছালভিনি}} | predecessor = মাৰিঅ' ড্ৰাগি | successor = | office2 = President of Brothers of Italy | term_start2 = ৮ মাৰ্চ ২০১৪ | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = ইগনাজিঅ লা ৰুছা | successor2 = | office3 = European Conservatives and Reformists Party-ৰ সভানেত্ৰী | term_start3 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ২০২০ | term_end3 = ১৪ জানুৱাৰি ২০২৫ | predecessor3 = জান জাহৰাদি | successor3 = মেটিউজ মোৰাৱকি | office4 = যুৱ মন্ত্ৰালয় | term_start4 = ৮ মে' ২০০৮ | term_end4 = ১৬ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১১ | prime_minister4 = ছিলভিঅ' বাৰলছকনি | predecessor4 = জিঅ'ভান্না মেলান্দ্ৰী | successor4 = এন্দ্ৰিয়া ৰিকাৰ্ডি | office5 = ছেম্বাৰ অৱ ডেপুটিছৰ সদস্যা | term_start5 = ২৮ এপ্ৰিল ২০০৬ | constituency5 = {{collapsible list |title = {{nobold|''See list''}} |[[Lazio 1 (Chamber of Deputies constituency)|Lazio 1]] (2006–2008) |[[Lazio 2 (Chamber of Deputies constituency)|Lazio 2]] (2008–2013) |[[Lombardy 3 (Chamber of Deputies constituency)|Lombardy 3]] (2013–2018) |[[Lazio 2 (Chamber of Deputies constituency)|Latina]] (2018–2022) |[[Abruzzo (Chamber of Deputies constituency)|L'Aquila]] (since 2022) }} | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1977|1|15|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ৰোম]], [[ইটালী]] | party = ব্ৰাডাৰছ্ অৱ ইটালী<br>(২০১২ চনৰ পৰা) | other_party = {{ubl|ইটালীৰ সামাজিক আন্দোলন (১৯৯২–১৯৯৫)|নেশ্যনেল এলায়েন্স<br>(১৯৯৫–২০০৯)|দ্য পিপল অৱ ফ্ৰিডম (২০০৯–২০১২)}} | partner = এন্ড্ৰিয়া জিয়ামব্ৰ'নো<br>(২০১৫–২০২৩) | children = ১ | relations = | relatives = | website = {{ubl|{{Official website|https://www.governo.it/it/il-presidente|name=Government website}}|{{Official website|https://www.giorgiameloni.it|name=Personal website}}}} | signature = Giorgia Meloni signature.svg }} '''জৰ্জিয়া মেলোনি''' ({{Lang-en|Giorgia Meloni}}; জন্ম: ১৫ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৭৭) এগৰাকী [[ইটালী]]ৰ ৰাজনীতিবিদ৷ তেওঁ ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰৰ পৰা ইটালীৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি আহিছে। তেওঁ ২০০৬ চনৰ পৰা চেম্বাৰ অৱ ডেপুটিজৰ সদস্য হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি আছে৷ ২০১৪ চনৰ পৰা [[সোঁপন্থী ৰাজনীতি|সোঁপন্থী]]ৰ পৰা উগ্ৰ সোঁপন্থী দল ব্ৰাদাৰ্ছ অৱ ইটালী (FdI)ৰ সভানেত্ৰী হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা মেলোনি ২০২০ চনৰ পৰা ২০২৫ চনলৈকে ইউৰোপীয় কনজাৰ্ভেটিভ আৰু ৰিফৰ্মিষ্ট পাৰ্টিৰ সভানেত্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title=Meloni surpasses Berlusconi IV: hers is the second longest government. But the knots are growing |url=https://en.ilsole24ore.com/art/meloni-overtakes-berlusconi-iv-his-is-second-longest-government-but-knots-grow-AIThZLoC |newspaper=Il Sole 24 Ore newspaper |date=1 May 2026}}</ref> ১৯৯২ চনত মেলোনিয়ে ইটালীৰ [[ফেচিবাদ]]ৰ অনুগামীসকলে ১৯৪৬ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা নব্য ফেচিষ্ট ৰাজনৈতিক দল ইটালীৰ ছ’চিয়েল মুভমেণ্ট (MSI)ৰ যুৱ শাখা ইউথ ফ্ৰণ্টত যোগদান কৰে। পিছলৈ তেওঁ ১৯৯৫ চনত এম এছ আইৰ আইনী উত্তৰাধিকাৰী হোৱা আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ৰক্ষণশীলতাৰ দিশে আগবাঢ়ি যোৱা উত্তৰ-ফেচিষ্ট দল নেশ্যনেল এলায়েন্স (এ এন)ৰ ছাত্ৰ আন্দোলন ষ্টুডেণ্ট একচনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নেত্ৰী হয়। ১৯৯৮ চনৰ পৰা ২০০২ চনলৈকে [[ৰোম]] প্ৰদেশৰ কাউন্সিলাৰ হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰাৰ পিছত তেওঁ 'এ এন'ৰ যুৱ শাখা ইউথ একচনৰ সভানেত্ৰী হয়। ২০০৮ চনত তেওঁ চতুৰ্থ বাৰ্লুস্কোনি চৰকাৰত যুৱ নীতিৰ মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে, যিটো ভূমিকা তেওঁ ২০১১ চনলৈকে পালন কৰে। ২০১২ চনত তেওঁ এএনৰ আইনী উত্তৰাধিকাৰী এফডিআইৰ সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক হয় আৰু ২০১৪ চনত ইয়াৰ সভানেত্ৰী হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। ২০১৪ চনৰ ইউৰোপীয় সংসদৰ নিৰ্বাচন আৰু ২০১৬ চনৰ ৰোম পৌৰসভাৰ নিৰ্বাচনত তেওঁ সফলতা লাভ কৰে। ২০১৮ চনৰ সাধাৰণ নিৰ্বাচনৰ পিছত সমগ্ৰ ১৮ সংখ্যক বিধায়িনী দলৰ সময়ছোৱাত বিৰোধী দলত তেওঁ এফ ডি আইৰ নেতৃত্ব দিছিল। বিশেষকৈ এফ ডি আই একমাত্ৰ বিৰোধী দল হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হোৱা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঐক্য চৰকাৰ ড্ৰাঘী কেবিনেটৰ দ্বাৰা [[কৰ'নাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ ২০১৯|ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰী]]ৰ পৰিচালনাৰ সময়ত এফ ডি আইৰ জনপ্ৰিয়তা বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল । দ্ৰাঘী চৰকাৰৰ পতনৰ পিছত ২০২২ চনৰ সাধাৰণ নিৰ্বাচনত FdI জয়ী হয়। মেলোনি এগৰাকী ৰক্ষণশীল আৰু সোঁপন্থী জনপ্ৰিয়তাবাদী যি বিশ্ববাদৰ সমালোচকো। তেওঁ ইউথেনাচিয়া, সমলিংগ বিবাহ আৰু [[একে লিংগৰ অভিভাৱকত্ব|সমলিংগ অভিভাৱকত্ব]]ৰ বিৰোধিতা কৰি কয় যে নিউক্লিয়াৰ পৰিয়ালসমূহৰ নেতৃত্ব একান্তভাৱে পুৰুষ–মহিলাহে। মেলোনিয়ে অবৈধ অনুপ্ৰৱেশ বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ নৌসেনাৰ অৱৰোধক সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল (কিন্তু কেতিয়াও প্ৰণয়ন কৰা নাছিল) আৰু কিছুমান সমালোচকে তেওঁক বিদেশী ঘৃণা আৰু ইছলামোফ’বিক বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছে। [[নাটো]]ৰ সমৰ্থক মেলোনিয়ে [[ইউৰোপিয়ান ইউনিয়ন|ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ]] (ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়ন) সম্পৰ্কে ইউৰোপীয় সংশয়বাদী মতামত বজাই ৰাখে৷ মতামতক তেওঁ "ইউৰোৰিয়েলিষ্ট" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰে। ২০২২ চনত [[ইউক্ৰেইনৰ ওপৰত ৰাছিয়াৰ আক্ৰমণ|ৰাছিয়াই ইউক্ৰেইনক আক্ৰমণ]] কৰাৰ পূৰ্বে ৰাছিয়াৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক উন্নত কৰাৰ পক্ষপাতী আছিল, যিটোক তেওঁ গৰিহণা দি ইউক্ৰেইনলৈ অস্ত্ৰ প্ৰেৰণ কৰি থাকিব বুলি প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিছিল। ২০২৪ চনত ফৰ্বছে মেলোনীক বিশ্বৰ তৃতীয় শক্তিশালী মহিলা হিচাপে স্থান দিছিল আৰু [[টাইম (আলোচনী)|টাইম আলোচনী]]য়ে তেওঁক বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰভাৱশালী ব্যক্তিৰ ভিতৰত স্থান দিছিল, আনহাতে পলিটিকোৱে ২০২৫ চনত তেওঁক ইউৰোপৰ আটাইতকৈ শক্তিশালী ব্যক্তি হিচাপে স্থান দিছিল। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == ১৯৭৭ চনৰ ১৫ জানুৱাৰীত ইটালীৰ ৰোমত জৰ্জিয়া মেল'নিৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name="Pietromarchi 2022">{{cite news|last=Pietromarchi|first=Virginia|date=19 September 2022|title=Who is Italy's leadership hopeful Giorgia Meloni?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/19/who-is-italys-leadership-hopeful-giorgia-meloni|access-date=21 September 2022|work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920090612/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/19/who-is-italys-leadership-hopeful-giorgia-meloni|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Biography" /> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ ফ্ৰান্সেস্কো মেলোনি চাৰ্ডিনিয়াৰ এজন ৰেডিঅ' পৰিচালক নিনো মেলোনি আৰু লম্বাৰ্ডিৰ অভিনেত্ৰী জো ইনক্ৰ'চিৰ পুত্ৰ আছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://espresso.repubblica.it/politica/2022/12/02/news/giorgia_meloni_famiglia_teatro-377146552/|title=Giorgia Meloni, il teatro nel sangue. Ecco chi erano i nonni della premier|access-date=20 May 2023|date=2 December 2022|work=[[la Repubblica]]|archive-date=17 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517210745/https://espresso.repubblica.it/politica/2022/12/02/news/giorgia_meloni_famiglia_teatro-377146552/|url-status=live|archivedate=17 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517210745/https://espresso.repubblica.it/politica/2022/12/02/news/giorgia_meloni_famiglia_teatro-377146552/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> মেলনীৰ মাতৃ আন্না পাৰাট’ৰে চিচিলিৰ। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ কৰ উপদেষ্টা আছিল আৰু কিছুমান ৰাজনৈতিক প্ৰফাইলৰ মতে কমিউনিষ্ট সহানুভূতি আছিল আৰু ইটালীৰ কমিউনিষ্ট পাৰ্টিক ভোট দিছিল৷ মাতৃ পিছলৈ [[উপন্যাস|ঔপন্যাসিক]] হৈছিল।<ref name="corriere.it">{{cite web|url=https://www.corriere.it/politica/22_ottobre_21/madre-meloni-io-scrittrice-romanzi-rosa-le-mie-figlie-2d1023b8-5142-11ed-ae37-402d6a32bf5d.shtml|title=Meloni's mother: "I, a writer of romance novels for my daughters"|date=21 October 2022|access-date=15 May 2023|archive-date=6 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506124803/https://www.corriere.it/politica/22_ottobre_21/madre-meloni-io-scrittrice-romanzi-rosa-le-mie-figlie-2d1023b8-5142-11ed-ae37-402d6a32bf5d.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/how-giorgia-meloni-thinks-brothers-of-italy-election-salvini-mario-draghi-silvio-berlusconi/|title=How Giorgia Meloni thinks|date=23 September 2022|access-date=10 May 2023|archive-date=13 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613045218/https://www.politico.eu/article/how-giorgia-meloni-thinks-brothers-of-italy-election-salvini-mario-draghi-silvio-berlusconi/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="trtworld.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/how-fascist-is-the-party-of-giorgia-meloni-italy-s-pm-frontrunner-60141|title=How 'fascist' is the party of Giorgia Meloni, Italy's PM frontrunner?|access-date=10 May 2023|archive-date=10 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510215229/https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/how-fascist-is-the-party-of-giorgia-meloni-italy-s-pm-frontrunner-60141|url-status=live}}</ref> ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁৰ এবছৰ বয়সত দেউতাকে পৰিয়ালটো পৰিত্যাগ কৰি কেনেৰী দ্বীপপুঞ্জলৈ গুচি যায় আৰু পুনৰ বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়। মেলনীৰ পিতৃৰ দ্বিতীয় বিবাহৰ ফালৰপৰা চাৰিগৰাকী অৰ্ধ ভাই-ভনী আছে।<ref name="Dell'Arti & Spada 2014">{{cite news|last1=Dell'Arti|first1=Giorgio|last2=Spada|first2=Alberto|date=27 May 2014|title=Giorgia Meloni|language=it|work=[[Corriere della Sera]]|url=http://cinquantamila.corriere.it/storyTellerThread.php?threadId=MELONI+Giorgia|access-date=11 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105033643/http://cinquantamila.corriere.it/storyTellerThread.php?threadId=MELONI+Giorgia|archive-date=5 November 2014|archivedate=5 November 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141105033643/http://cinquantamila.corriere.it/storyTellerThread.php?threadId=MELONI+Giorgia|deadurl=yes}}</ref> সোতৰ বছৰৰ পাছত ১৯৯৫ চনত তেওঁক ড্ৰাগছ সৰবৰাহৰ গোচৰত দোষী সাব্যস্ত কৰা হয় আৰু [[স্পেইন]]ৰ কাৰাগাৰত ৯ বছৰৰ কাৰাদণ্ড বিহা হয়। তেওঁ শেষবাৰৰ বাবে ২০০৬ চনত মেলনীৰ সৈতে যোগাযোগ কৰিছিল, যেতিয়া মেলোনি চেম্বাৰ অৱ ডেপুটিজৰ উপ-সভানেত্ৰী হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news|date=28 September 2022|title=Giorgia Meloni, il racconto della stampa spagnola sul padre (che la abbandonò da piccola): 'Fu condannato per traffico di droga'|trans-title=Giorgia Meloni, from the Spanish press about her father (who abandoned her as a child): 'He was convicted of drug trafficking'|language=it|work=[[Il Fatto Quotidiano]]|url=https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2022/09/28/giorgia-meloni-il-racconto-della-stampa-spagnola-sul-padre-che-la-abbandono-da-piccola-fu-condannato-per-traffico-di-droga/6821134/|url-status=live|access-date=1 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001152047/https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2022/09/28/giorgia-meloni-il-racconto-della-stampa-spagnola-sul-padre-che-la-abbandono-da-piccola-fu-condannato-per-traffico-di-droga/6821134/|archive-date=1 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pistilli|first=Clemente|date=29 September 2022|url=https://roma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2022/09/29/news/giorgia_meloni_narcotraffico_spagna-367863619/|title=Il padre di Giorgia Meloni fu condannato per narcotraffico, il racconto della stampa spagnola|trans-title=Giorgia Meloni's father was convicted of drug trafficking, the story from the Spanish press|work=[[La Repubblica]]|language=it|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001192003/https://roma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2022/09/29/news/giorgia_meloni_narcotraffico_spagna-367863619/|archive-date=1 October 2022|access-date=6 October 2022}}</ref> আইনী নথি-পত্ৰই ৰিয়েল এষ্টেট কোম্পানীসমূহৰ নেটৱৰ্কৰ জৰিয়তে পৰোক্ষ অৰ্থনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক বুলি কথিত উন্মোচন কৰিছে, য'ত জিঅ'ৰ্জিয়া মেল'নিৰ মাতৃ প্ৰাক্তন পত্নী আন্না পাৰাট'ৰে বিভিন্ন সময়ত অংশীদাৰ আছিল।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2023/05/20/news/anna_paratore_mamma_meloni_replica_inchiesta-401021935/|title="Non sono un'abile affarista immobiliare". Anna Paratore, la madre di Meloni, si difende|work=La Repubblica|date=20 May 2023|access-date=20 September 2023|archive-date=3 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003203554/https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2023/05/20/news/anna_paratore_mamma_meloni_replica_inchiesta-401021935/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://infosannio.com/2023/05/19/linchiesta-di-domani-societa-spagnola-e-plusvalenza-le-bugie-della-madre-di-meloni/|title=l'inchiesta di "Domani": "Società spagnola e plusvalenza: le bugie della madre di Meloni"|date=19 May 2023|work=Infosannio from [[Domani (newspaper)|Domani]]|access-date=20 September 2023|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002170149/https://infosannio.com/2023/05/19/linchiesta-di-domani-societa-spagnola-e-plusvalenza-le-bugie-della-madre-di-meloni/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰোমৰ শ্ৰমিক শ্ৰেণীৰ গাৰ্বাটেলা জিলাত মেলোনি ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল৷ তেওঁলোকে প্ৰথমে থকা ঘৰটো অগ্নিত জাহ যোৱাৰ পিছত আৰু দেউতাকে পৰিয়ালটো এৰি যোৱাৰ পাছত মেলোনি গাৰ্বাটেলালৈ আহিছিল৷ তেওঁৰ শৈশৱৰ সময়ছোৱাক তেওঁৰ পৰিয়ালে দৰিদ্ৰতাৰে পূৰ্ণ বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছে।<ref name="corriere.it"/> মেলোনিয়ে তেওঁৰ [[আত্মজীৱনী]]ত লিখিছে যে তেওঁৰ শৈশৱ আৰু পৰিয়ালৰ বিভাজনে তেওঁৰ ৰাজনৈতিক দৃষ্টিভংগীক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰিছিল।<ref name="trtworld.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2022/08/14/news/giorgia_meloni_la_storia_e_le_radici-359540378/|title= Investigation into M.|date= 13 August 2022|access-date= 10 May 2023|archive-date= 10 May 2023|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230510215227/https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2022/08/14/news/giorgia_meloni_la_storia_e_le_radici-359540378/|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="Dell'Arti & Spada 2014" /><ref name="Brezar 2022">{{cite news|last=Brezar|first=Aleksandar|date=27 September 2022|title=Italy election: In Rome's progressive neighbourhood, Meloni's victory causes anger and concern|url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/09/27/in-romes-progressive-neighbourhood-melonis-victory-causes-anger-and-concern|access-date=22 October 2022|publisher=[[Euronews]]|language=it|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927140413/https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2022/09/27/in-romes-progressive-neighbourhood-melonis-victory-causes-anger-and-concern|url-status=live}}</ref> মেলোনিৰ এগৰাকী ভগ্নী আৰিয়ানা৷ তেওঁ ১৯৭৫ চনত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু ২০২৩ চনত দলটোৰ ৰাজনৈতিক সচিবালয়ৰ মুৰব্বী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰিছিল। আৰিয়ানাই ফ্ৰান্সেস্কো ল'ল'ব্ৰিজিডাৰৰ সংগী হৈছিল<ref>{{cite news|last=Spagnoli|first=Sofia|date=27 September 2022|title=Arianna Meloni: chi è la sorella di Giorgia. 'Ti accompagnerò come Sam con Frodo'|trans-title=Arianna Meloni: who is Giorgia's sister. 'I'll accompany you like Sam with Frodo'|url=https://www.quotidiano.net/elezioni/arianna-meloni-sorella-giorgia-1.8120618|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927112008/https://www.quotidiano.net/elezioni/arianna-meloni-sorella-giorgia-1.8120618|archive-date=27 September 2022|access-date=23 October 2022|work=[[Quotidiano Nazionale]]|language=it|archivedate=27 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927112008/https://www.quotidiano.net/elezioni/arianna-meloni-sorella-giorgia-1.8120618|deadurl=yes}}</ref> যি ২০২২ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰৰ পৰা কৃষি মন্ত্ৰী।<ref>{{cite web|date=23 October 2022|title=Cos'è il Ministero della Sovranità alimentare e cosa significa|trans-title=What is the Ministry of Food Sovereignty and what it means|url=https://quifinanza.it/economia/video/ministero-sovranita-alimentare-cosa-significa-francesco-lollobrigida/672881/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023212235/https://quifinanza.it/economia/video/ministero-sovranita-alimentare-cosa-significa-francesco-lollobrigida/672881/|archive-date=23 October 2022|access-date=23 October 2022|website=QuiFinanza|language=it}}</ref> === শিক্ষা আৰু আৰম্ভণিৰ সময়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক সান্নিধ্য === ১৯৯২ চনত ১৫ বছৰ বয়সত মেল'নীয়ে ১৯৯৫ চনত ভংগ হোৱা নব্য ফেচিষ্ট ৰাজনৈতিক দল ইটালীৰ সামাজিক আন্দোলন (MSI)ৰ যুৱ শাখা যুৱ ফ্ৰণ্টত যোগদান কৰে।<ref name="Pietromarchi 2022" /> এই সময়ছোৱাত তেওঁ ছাত্ৰ সমন্বয় Gli Antenati ('The Ancestors') প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে, যিয়ে মন্ত্ৰী ৰোজা ৰুছ' Iervolino দ্বাৰা প্ৰচাৰিত ৰাজহুৱা শিক্ষা সংস্কাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|last=Fontana|first=Simone|date=28 July 2022|title=Da dove arriva Giorgia Meloni, l'ultima fiamma della destra|trans-title=Where does Giorgia Meloni, the last flame of the right, come from|url=https://www.laregione.ch/estero/estero/1597310/da-dove-arriva-giorgia-meloni-l-ultima-fiamma-della-destra|access-date=21 September 2022|website=[[laRegione Ticino]]|language=it|archive-date=7 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807111359/https://www.laregione.ch/estero/estero/1597310/da-dove-arriva-giorgia-meloni-l-ultima-fiamma-della-destra|url-status=live}}</ref> ১৯৯৬ চনত তেওঁ এম এছ আইৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয়-ৰক্ষণশীল উত্তৰাধিকাৰী উত্তৰ-ফেচিষ্ট নেচনেল এলায়েন্স (এ এন)ৰ ছাত্ৰ আন্দোলন ষ্টুডেণ্ট একচনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নেত্ৰী হয় আৰু ইটালীৰ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰালয়ে স্থাপন কৰা ষ্টুডেণ্ট এছ'চিয়েচনছ ফ'ৰামত এই আন্দোলনক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|date=10 August 2022|title='Woman, mother, Christian' guides Italian far-right to brink of power|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/elections/news/woman-mother-christian-guides-italian-far-right-to-brink-of-power/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220822125300/https://www.euractiv.com/section/elections/news/woman-mother-christian-guides-italian-far-right-to-brink-of-power/|archive-date=22 August 2022|access-date=21 September 2022|website=[[Euractiv]]}}</ref> ১৯৯৮ চনত প্ৰাথমিক নিৰ্বাচনত জয়ী হোৱাৰ পিছত মেলোনি ৰোম প্ৰদেশৰ কাউন্সিলাৰ হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয় আৰু ২০০২ চনলৈকে এই পদত অধিষ্ঠিত হয়। ২০০০ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সঞ্চালিকা নিৰ্বাচিত হয় আৰু ২০০৪ চনত ইউথ একচন, এ এন যুৱ শাখাৰ প্ৰথম মহিলা সভানেত্ৰী হয়। এই বছৰবোৰত তেওঁ 'it:Piper Club'-ত ধাত্ৰী, ওৱেট্ৰেছ আৰু বাৰটেণ্ডাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰে, যি ৰোমৰ অন্যতম বিখ্যাত নাইটক্লাব।<ref>{{cite news|orig-date=17 January 2013|title=Meloni, da barman a tata... a ministro: 'Ho fatto tutti i lavori e ne sono fiera'|trans-title=Meloni, from barman to nanny... to minister: 'I did all the jobs and I'm proud of it'|language=it|work=Blitz Quotidiano|url=https://www.blitzquotidiano.it/politica-italiana/meloni-barman-tata-ministro-ho-fatto-tutti-lavori-vado-fiera-1450587/|url-status=live|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422135929/https://www.blitzquotidiano.it/politica-italiana/meloni-barman-tata-ministro-ho-fatto-tutti-lavori-vado-fiera-1450587/|archive-date=22 April 2021|date=17 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Guerzoni|first=Monica|date=17 January 2013|title=Giorgia Meloni: 'Io militante ventenne e i Lego con la figlia di Fiorello'|trans-title=Giorgia Meloni: 'I'm a militant in my twenties and Lego with Fiorello's daughter'|language=it|work=[[Corriere della Sera]]|url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/13_gennaio_17/meloni-fiorello-politica-guerzoni_7ddfc190-607a-11e2-bd7d-debf946ea0b6.shtml|url-status=live|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331123122/https://www.corriere.it/politica/13_gennaio_17/meloni-fiorello-politica-guerzoni_7ddfc190-607a-11e2-bd7d-debf946ea0b6.shtml|archive-date=31 March 2021}}</ref> ১৯৯৬ চনত মেল'নিয়ে ইষ্টিটিউটো টেকনিকো প্ৰফেচনেল ডি ষ্টেটো আমেৰিগো ভেস্পুচি<ref name="money.it/che-scuola"/><ref name="amerigovespucci.edu.it/la-storia">{{cite web|title=La Storia|url=https://www.amerigovespucci.edu.it/la-scuola/la-storia/|website=L'Istituto Professionale di Stato per l'Enogastronomia e l'Ospitalità. Amerigo Vespucci|access-date=24 May 2023|language=it-IT|archive-date=24 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524145422/https://www.amerigovespucci.edu.it/la-scuola/la-storia/|url-status=live|archivedate=24 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524145422/https://www.amerigovespucci.edu.it/la-scuola/la-storia/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Biography">{{cite web|url=http://www.sitiarcheologici.palazzochigi.it/www.governo.it/novembre%202011/www.governo.it/Governo/Biografie/ministri/Meloni_Giorgia.html|title=Biografia del ministro Giorgia Meloni|trans-title=Biography of Minister Giorgia Meloni|language=it|publisher=[[Chigi Palace]]|date=November 2011|access-date=14 August 2022|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331122339/http://www.sitiarcheologici.palazzochigi.it/www.governo.it/novembre%202011/www.governo.it/Governo/Biografie/ministri/Meloni_Giorgia.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.comune.roma.it/web-resources/cms/documents/Meloni_2016_cvp.pdf|title=Curriculum Vitae di Giorgia Meloni|trans-title=Giorgia Meloni's Curriculum Vitae|language=it|publisher=[[Commune of Rome]]|date=16 September 2016|access-date=30 August 2022|archive-date=5 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805090317/https://www.comune.roma.it/web-resources/cms/documents/Meloni_2016_cvp.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনত ইটালীৰ সংসদলৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ নিজৰ 'বায়োডাটা'ত ঘোষণা কৰে যে তেওঁ ভাষাসমূহত হাইস্কুল ডিপ্লমা লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু চূড়ান্ত নম্বৰ ৬০/৬০ পাইছিল৷ ইয়াৰ লগতে তেওঁ "ডিপ্লমা ডি লিচিঅ' লিংগুইষ্টিকো; জিঅ'ৰ্নালিষ্টা" লাভ কৰিছিল<ref name="camera.it/leg">*{{cite web|title=MELONI Giorgia|url=https://www.camera.it/leg18/29?tipoAttivita=&tipoVisAtt=&tipoPersona=&shadow_deputato=302103&idLegislatura=18|website=XVIII Legislatura – Deputati e Organi – Scheda deputato|publisher=[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)]]|access-date=24 May 2023|language=it}} *{{cite web|title=MELONI Giorgia|url=https://leg16.camera.it/29?shadow_deputato=302103&idpersona=302103|website=XVI Legislatura – Deputati e Organi Parlamentari – Scheda deputato|publisher=[[camera.it]]|access-date=24 May 2023|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409092148/https://leg16.camera.it/29?shadow_deputato=302103&idpersona=302103|url-status=live}} *{{cite web|title=MELONI Giorgia|url=https://leg15.camera.it/cartellecomuni/leg15/include/contenitore_dati.asp?deputato=d302103&Pagina=Deputati/Composizione/SchedeDeputati/SchedeDeputati.asp%3Fdeputato=d302103&Vis=1&Nominativo=MELONI%20Giorgia|website=XV legislatura – Deputati – La scheda personale|publisher=camera.it|access-date=24 May 2023|archive-date=6 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406221947/https://leg15.camera.it/cartellecomuni/leg15/include/contenitore_dati.asp?deputato=d302103&Pagina=Deputati%2FComposizione%2FSchedeDeputati%2FSchedeDeputati.asp%3Fdeputato%3Dd302103&Vis=1&Nominativo=MELONI%20Giorgia|url-status=live}}</ref> ইয়াৰ ফলত কিছু বিতৰ্কৰ সৃষ্টি হয়, কিয়নো Istituto tecnico professionale di Stato Amerigo Vespucci<ref name="money.it/che-scuola"/><ref name="amerigovespucci.edu.it/la-storia"/> বিদেশী ভাষাৰ হাইস্কুল নাছিল আৰু ভাষাত কোনো ডিপ্লমা প্ৰদান কৰাৰ যোগ্যতা নাছিল৷ তাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে, ই আছিল এটা হস্পিটেলিটি ইনষ্টিটিউট যিয়ে শিক্ষাৰ্থীয়ে বাছি লোৱা অধ্যয়নৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰমৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি চেফ, ওৱেটাৰ, এণ্টাৰটেইনাৰ, ট্যুৰ গাইড, হোষ্টেছ আদি চাকৰিৰ পদবীৰ বাবে পেছাদাৰী ডিপ্লমা প্ৰদান কৰাত বিশেষজ্ঞ আছিল। মেল'নীয়ে Istituto tecnico professionale di Stato Amerigo Vespucci ত কি অধ্যয়ন পাঠ্যক্ৰম নিৰ্বাচন কৰিছিল সেয়া জনা নাযায়।<ref name="amerigovespucci.edu.it/la-storia"/><ref name="money.it/che-scuola">{{cite web|last=Nuzzo|first=Alessandro|date=1 September 2022|title=Che scuola ha fatto Giorgia Meloni: cosa sappiamo sul curriculum della leader di FdI|trans-title=What school did Giorgia Meloni go to: what do we know about the curriculum of the FdI leader|url=https://www.money.it/che-scuola-ha-fatto-giorgia-meloni-cosa-sappiamo-curriculum-leader-fdi|access-date=21 September 2022|website=Money.it|language=it|archive-date=1 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901205943/https://www.money.it/che-scuola-ha-fatto-giorgia-meloni-cosa-sappiamo-curriculum-leader-fdi|url-status=live}}</ref> মেলোনিয়ে উল্লেখ কৰে যে তেওঁ পঢ়া হস্পিটেলিটি ইনষ্টিটিউটটো বিদেশী ভাষাত ডিপ্লমা প্ৰদান কৰা চেণ্ট্ৰ’ ডি ফৰ্মেজিয়ন প্ৰফেচনেল আৰ্নেষ্টো নাথান হৈ পৰিছিল। অৱশ্যে প্ৰশিক্ষণ কেন্দ্ৰত ডিপ্লমা প্ৰদানৰ অনুমতি দিয়া হোৱা নাই। চেণ্ট্ৰ' ডি ফৰ্মেজিয়ন প্ৰফেচনেল আৰ্নেষ্টো নাথানে বিউটিচিয়ান আৰু কেশসজ্জাকাৰীসকলৰ বাবে অৰ্হতা প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2023|url=https://www.comune.roma.it/web/it/scheda-servizi.page?contentId=INF60570|title=Centro di Formazione Professionale "Ernesto Nathan"|trans-title='Ernesto Nathan' Professional Training Center|language=it|website=Rome City Council|access-date=23 May 2023|archive-date=23 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523132229/https://www.comune.roma.it/web/it/scheda-servizi.page?contentId=INF60570|url-status=live}}</ref> == স্বীকৃতি আৰু সন্মান == ২০২২ চনত বিখ্যাত ফৰ্বছে মেলোনিক ''বিশ্বৰ ১০০ গৰাকী শক্তিশালী মহিলা''ৰ তালিকাভুক্ত কৰে৷<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 December 2022|title=Ursula von der Leyen, Giorgia Meloni, Rihanna: chi sono le 100 donne più potenti del mondo|language=it-IT|trans-title=Ursula von der Leyen, Giorgia Meloni, Rihanna: who are the 100 most powerful women in the world|work=[[Forbes]] Italia|url=https://forbes.it/2022/12/06/classifica-100-donne-piu-potenti-del-mondo/|access-date=14 December 2022}}</ref>২০২৩ আৰু ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁক তৃতীয় স্থানত তালিকাভুক্ত কৰে৷<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/|title=The World's Most Powerful Women 2023 |website=Forbes|date=5 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205122317/https://www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/|archive-date=5 December 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbes World's Most Powerful Women – Ranked 2024 List |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date= |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত টাইম আলোচনীয়ে মেলোনিক ''বিশ্বৰ ১০০গৰাকী প্ৰভাৱশালী ব্যক্তি''ৰ তালিকাভুক্ত কৰে৷ <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lastampa.it/politica/2024/04/17/news/time_meloni_tra_le_100_personalita_piu_influenti_del_pianeta-14233334/|title=Per la rivista Time, Meloni tra le 100 personalità più influenti del pianeta|trans-title=For Time magazine, Meloni among the 100 most influential personalities on the planet|date=17 April 2024|work=[[La Stampa]]|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/6964998/giorgia-meloni/|title=Time 100: Giorgia Meloni|date=17 April 2024|last=Serhan|first=Yasmeen|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=20 May 2026|archivedate=19 April 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419185059/https://time.com/6964998/giorgia-meloni/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> একেটা বৰ্ষতে মেলোনিয়ে আটলাণ্টিক পৰিষদৰ পৰা গ্লোবেল চিতিজেন বঁটা লাভ কৰে৷<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ewing |first1=Jack |last2=Bubola |first2=Emma |date=23 September 2024 |title=Elon Musk Hails Italy's Leader at Awards Ceremony |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/23/business/elon-musk-giorgia-meloni.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Atlantic Council Global Citizen Awards to honor two European government leaders, an African president, and a South Korean entertainment pioneer |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/news/press-releases/atlantic-council-global-citizen-awards-to-honor-two-european-government-leaders-an-african-president-and-a-south-korean-entertainment-pioneer/ |website=Atlantic Council |access-date=3 September 2024}}</ref> ''পলিটিকো ইউৰোপে'' তেওঁক ২০২৫ বৰ্ষৰ ইউৰোপৰ সবাতোকৈ শক্তিশালী ব্যক্তি হিচাপে বিবেচিত কৰে৷<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ranking the most influential people in Europe: Class of 2025 |url=https://www.politico.eu/politico-28-class-of-2025/ |access-date=11 December 2024 |work=Politico Europe}}</ref> === বৈদেশিক সন্মান=== * {{flag|Finland}}: গ্ৰেণ্ড ক্ৰছ অৱ দ্য অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ দ্য হোৱাইট ৰোজ অৱ ফিনলেণ্ড (২০২৩)<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 May 2023|title=Vuonna 2023 ulkomaalaisille annetut kunniamerkit – Utmärkelsetecken förlänade åt utlänningar 2023|url=https://ritarikunnat.fi/ritarikunnat/annetut-kunniamerkit/vuonna-2023-annetut-kunniamerkit-forlanade-utmarkelsetecken-2023/vuonna-2023-ulkomaalaisille-annetut-kunniamerkit-utmarkelsetecken-forlanade-at-utlanningar-2023/|access-date=28 April 2024|website=Ritarikunnat|language=fi}}</ref> * {{flag|Spain}}: ডেম গ্ৰেণ্ড ক্ৰছ অফ দ্য অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ ইছাবেলা দ্য কেথলিক (২০২৪)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2024-25837|title=Real Decreto 1264/2024, de 10 de diciembre, por el que se concede la Gran Cruz de la Orden de Isabel la Católica a determinadas personalidades de la República Italiana.|date=10 December 2024|access-date=12 December 2024|lang=es}}</ref> * {{flag|Ukraine}}:অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ লিবাৰ্টি (ইউক্ৰেইন)ৰ সদস্য (২০২৪)<ref>{{cite web |title=Volodymyr Zelensky awarded Giorgia Meloni the Order of Freedom |url=https://odessa-journal.com/volodymyr-zelensky-awarded-george-meloni-the-order-of-freedom |website=The Odessa Journal |access-date=12 July 2024}}</ref> === আন্তৰ্জাতিক সন্মান=== * {{flag|IOC}}: সোণ(অলিম্পিক অৰ্ডাৰ) (২০২৬)<ref>{{cite web |title=Il Cio conferisce il Collare dell'Ordine Olimpico alla premier Meloni |url=https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/sport/altrisport/2026/05/11/il-cio-conferisce-il-collare-dellordine-olimpico-alla-premier-meloni_5000354d-1e19-4e3f-823d-0d17e0f4bc5a.html |website=ANSA.it |access-date=11 May 2026}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist|30em}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইটালীৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মহিলা ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] 60utwefyvmrjv4f70mopenniu9xxf1y 0 136948 608699 607692 2026-05-25T18:07:53Z JyotiPN 22102 608699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = অচিন্ত্য বৰুৱা | native_name = মঞ্জু | native_name_lang = | image = Manju Barua.jpg | image_size =150px | alt = | caption =<small>মঞ্জু বৰুৱাৰ ফাইল ফটো<small> | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1952|01|23}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death date and age|2026|05|18|1952|01|23}} | death_place = | residence = | nationality = [[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]] | other_names = | citizenship = {{flag|India}} | education = | occupation = উদ্যোগী | years_active = | employer = | organization = | known_for = ইক’ টুৰিজিম | notable_works = ৱাইল্ড গ্ৰাছ ৰিজৰ্ট | style = | influences = | influenced = | home_town = | religion = [[হিন্দু]] | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = [[বিৰিঞ্চি কুমাৰ বৰুৱা]] (পিতৃ)<br />শান্তি ছায়া বৰুৱা (মাতৃ) | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | signature_size = | website = }} '''অচিন্ত্য বৰুৱা''' ({{lang-en|Achintya Baruah}}) [[অসম| অসমৰ]] ইক' টুৰিজিমৰ এগৰাকী পথ প্ৰদৰ্শক আছিল। মানুহৰ মাজত মঞ্জু দা ৰূপে জনপ্ৰিয় বৰুৱাই বহনক্ষম পৰ্যটন আৰু সংৰক্ষণ ক্ষেত্ৰত অৱদান আগবঢ়াই আহিছিল। কাজিৰঙাত ''ৱাইল্ড গ্ৰাছ'' নামে এটি পৰিৱেশ অনুকূল ৰিজৰ্ট আৰম্ভ কৰি [[কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উদ্যান|কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উদ্যানক]] বিশ্ব মানচিত্ৰত এটি স্থান দিবলৈ আগভাগ লৈছিল। বৰুৱা অসমৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সাহিত্যিক [[বিৰিঞ্চি কুমাৰ বৰুৱা]]ৰ পুত্ৰ।<ref name="India Today">{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-eco-tourism-pioneer-achintya-barua-passes-away-at-74-1393903-2026-05-18 | title=Assam eco-tourism pioneer Achintya Barua passes away at 74 | publisher=https://www.indiatodayne.in | date=May 18, 2026 | accessdate=20 May 2026}}</ref> ==জন্ম আৰু শিক্ষা== ==কৰ্মজীৱন== ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া উদ্যোগী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] dmotph6njj3df3vtr19k9huxzu18hpe 0 136951 608734 608510 2026-05-25T23:37:59Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''চীমা কালবাচী''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شیما کلباسی; জন্ম: ২০ নৱেম্বৰ ১৯৭২, [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]]) এগৰাকী ইৰানী-ডেনীছ-আমেৰিকীয় কবি আৰু লেখিকা, যিয়ে মূলতঃ নাৰীবাদ, যুদ্ধ, শৰণাৰ্থী, মানৱ অধিকাৰ আৰু বাক-স্বাধীনতাৰ দৰে বিষয়সমূহৰ ওপৰত কাম কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ এগৰাকী চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা, যিয়ে বিশেষভাৱে মহিলাৰ সমস্যা, নাৰী অধিকাৰ, সংখ্যালঘুৰ অধিকাৰ, শিশুৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু শৰণাৰ্থীৰ অধিকাৰৰ হকে কৰা সক্ৰিয় আন্দোলন বা এক্টিভিজমৰ ওপৰত মনোনিৱেশ কৰে। কালবাচী মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, দক্ষিণ এছিয়া আৰু ইউৰোপত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল আৰু বৰ্তমান তেওঁ [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ত বসবাস কৰে। == জীৱনী == {{Infobox writer | name = চীমা কালবাচী | image = | caption = মেৰীলেণ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মহিলা অধ্যয়ন সন্মিলনত চীমা কালবাচী। | occupation = কবি, লেখিকা, ইতিহাসবিদ | nationality = ইৰানী ডেনীছ আমেৰিকীয় | notable_works = ''ইকোজ ইন এক্সাইল'', ''স্পুন এণ্ড শ্ৰেপনেল'' }} চীমা কালবাচী এগৰাকী কবি, সাহিত্য অনুবাদক<ref>{{cite book | isbn=978-0972770385 | title=هفت شهر عشق | date=2008 | publisher=PRA Pub. }}</ref> আৰু মানৱতাবাদী কৰ্মী, যাৰ কৰ্মৰাজিয়ে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। তেওঁ শৰণাৰ্থী শিশুসকলক শিক্ষাদান কৰিছে আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ শৰণাৰ্থী উচ্চায়ুক্ত, পাকিস্তানৰ শৰণাৰ্থী কেন্দ্ৰ আৰু ইউএনএ ডেনমাৰ্কৰ দৰে সংগঠনৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। ডেনমাৰ্কত তেওঁ এগৰাকী প্ৰতিৰক্ষা সৈনিক হিচাপেও প্ৰশিক্ষণ লৈছিল আৰু সেৱা আগবঢ়াইছিল। তেওঁৰ কবিতাসমূহ বিভিন্ন সংকলনত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হোৱাৰ লগতে বিছটাৰো অধিক ভাষালৈ অনূদিত হৈ সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা বুটলিছে। ২০১২ চনত কানাডাৰ চিনেটৰ ৰোমিঅ’ ডেলিয়াৰে ইৰানৰ পৰিস্থিতিৰ ওপৰত দিয়া এটা ভাষণ তেওঁৰ ''হিজবুল্লাহ'' নামৰ কবিতাটোৰ কিছু অংশ আবৃত্তি কৰি সমাপ্ত কৰিছিল। হাৰ্ভেষ্ট ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেল বঁটা বিজয়ী এই কবিতাটো ''দ্য ফৰ্বিডেন: পয়েমচ ফ্ৰম ইৰান এণ্ড ইটচ এক্সাইলচ'',<ref>{{cite book | isbn=978-1611860344 | title=The Forbidden: Poems from Iran and its Exiles | last1=Wolpé | first1=Sholeh | date=February 2012 | publisher=Michigan State University Press }}</ref> ''এটলাণ্টা ৰিভিউ'' আৰু ড° ডেনিয়েল গ্ৰেচিয়ানৰ গৱেষণামূলক গ্ৰন্থ ''ইৰানিয়ান এণ্ড ডায়াচপৰিক লিটাৰেচাৰ ইন দ্য ২১ষ্ট চেঞ্চুৰী: এ ক্ৰিটিকেল ষ্টাডী'' আদিত প্ৰকাশ পাইছে।<ref>{{cite book | isbn=978-0786472727 | title=Iranian and Diasporic Literature in the 21st Century: A Critical Study | last1=Grassian | first1=Daniel | date=7 January 2013 | publisher=McFarland }}</ref> ২০২৫ চনত ড° থেয়াৰ ৱেচকটৰ এক আলোচনাত কালবাচীক জয় হাৰ্জো, এডা লিমন আৰু ট্ৰেচি কে স্মিথৰ দৰে কবিসকলৰ সৈতে একবিংশ শতিকাৰ শীৰ্ষ ১০ গৰাকী প্ৰভাৱশালী আমেৰিকীয় মহিলা কবিৰ এগৰাকী হিচাপে নামকৰণ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://thayerwescott.substack.com/p/to-write-of-this-country-and-reckon | title=To Write of This Country and Reckon with America through Contemporary Women Poets | date=20 April 2025 }}</ref> তেওঁৰ ''দ্য পেচেঞ্জাৰ'' নামৰ কবিতাটো ২০০৮ চনত নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ট্ৰিবিউট ৱৰ্ল্ড ট্ৰেড চেণ্টাৰত পৰিৱেশনৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ ক্ৰমে নিৰ্বাচিত হৈছিল। ২০১৬ চনত তেওঁৰ ''পজেচন''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://soundcloud.com/johnallgood/songs-of-kalbasi-possession | title=Songs of Sheema Kalbasi - Possession (Live) }}</ref> আৰু ''ডান্সিং টেংগো''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://soundcloud.com/johnallgood/songs-of-kalbasi-dancing-tango-live | title=Songs of Sheema Kalbasi - Dancing Tango (Live) }}</ref> নামৰ কবিতাদুটা মেজো-চপ্ৰানো আৰু পিয়ানোৰ সংগীতানুষ্ঠানৰ বাবে ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰা হয় আৰু ভাৰ্জিনিয়াৰ অ’ল্ড ডমিনিয়ন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। কালবাচীৰ কবিতা আৰু অনুবাদসমূহ বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰমত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে, চুটি ছবিলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰা হৈছে আৰু সংগীতবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে। স্মিথচোনিয়ান নেচনেল মিউজিয়ামত তেওঁৰ সৃষ্টিৰ আধাৰত এক বিশেষ সংগীতানুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। তেওঁৰ ''স্পুন এণ্ড শ্ৰেপনেল'' কবিতা পুথিৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত ''ৰিফিউজ'' নামৰ কবিতাটো ২০২৬ চনৰ পুছকাৰ্ট বঁটা সংকলনৰ বাবে নিৰ্বাচিত হৈছে। ডেম’ক্ৰেচি ফৰ দ্য আৰব ৱৰ্ল্ড নাও ত প্ৰকাশিত তেওঁৰ প্ৰবন্ধ "হাউ ইৰানচ 'ৱমেন, লাইফ, ফ্ৰীডম' প্ৰটেষ্টচ লাইভ অন টুডে" মতামত লিখন শাখাৰ পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। কালবাচীৰ অন্যান্য উল্লেখযোগ্য কিতাপৰ ভিতৰত পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ কবিতা সংকলন ''ইকোজ ইন এক্সাইল''<ref>{{Cite web | title=Amazon.com: Echoes in Exile: Books: Sheema Kalbasi | url=https://www.amazon.com/Echoes-Exile-Sheema-Kalbasi/dp/0972770372 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503232347/http://www.amazon.com:80/Echoes-Exile-Sheema-Kalbasi/dp/0972770372 | access-date=2025-11-15 | archive-date=2007-05-03}}</ref> (২০০৬) আৰু এলিসন জোচেফ ছিৰিজত প্ৰকাশৰ বাবে নিৰ্বাচিত চ্যাপবুক ''দ্য ৱাৰ টুক আৱাৰ নেমচ'' (২০২৬) প্ৰধান। ''ইকোজ ইন এক্সাইল'' কিতাপখন ষ্টনি ব্ৰুক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ৱমেন এণ্ড জেণ্ডাৰ ষ্টাডিজৰ পঠন তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হৈছে। তেওঁ এগৰাকী পুছকাৰ্ট বঁটা বিজয়ী কবি, অনুবাদ সাহিত্যৰ পেন বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত লেখিকা, ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ মানৱতাবাদী বঁটা প্ৰাপক আৰু নেদাৰলেণ্ডৰ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ অনুদান প্ৰাপক। তেওঁৰ পাণ্ডিত্যপূৰ্ণ কৰ্মৰ অংশ হিচাপে কালবাচীয়ে ইংৰাজী ভাষী শ্ৰোতা-শ্ৰোতাৰ মাজত বহুতো পাৰ্চী কবিক চিনাকি কৰাই দিছে। ২০০৭ চনত প্ৰকাশিত ''চেভেন ভেলীজ অৱ লাভ: এ বাইলিংগুৱেল এনথ’লজী অৱ ৱমেন পয়েটচ ফ্ৰম মেডিভেল পাৰ্চিয়া টু প্ৰেজেণ্ট-ডে ইৰান'' নামৰ দ্বিভাষিক সংকলনখনত তেওঁ ১৪ শতিকাৰ গজল লেখক জাহান মালেক খাতুনৰ লগতে ইৰানৰ অন্যান্য মহিলা কবিসকলৰ কবিতা প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীলৈ অনুবাদ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ সাহিত্যত দুবাৰকৈ নোবেল বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত চিমিন বেহবাহানীৰ কবিতা অনুবাদ কৰিছিল, যাক নেদাৰলেণ্ডৰ সুৰকাৰ ৰামিন আমিন টাফ্ৰেছীয়ে সংগীতবদ্ধ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUJ1p0jrSHE | title=It's the Voice that shall Remain - Ramin Amin Tafreshi - performed by Elizaveta Agrafenina, and Brackman Trio | website=[[YouTube]] | date=24 October 2025 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKMqEYVHdOY | title=It's the Voice that shall Remain - Ramin Amin Tafreshi - performed by Lilian Farahani, and Amatis Piano Trio | website=[[YouTube]] | date=19 March 2019 }}</ref> ফৰুগ ফাৰোখজাদৰ ৯০সংখ্যক জন্মজয়ন্তী উপলক্ষ্যে ''দ্য কেনিয়ন ৰিভিউ''ত তেওঁৰ কবিতাৰ অনুবাদ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁৰ কাম ব্লেক লৰেন্স প্ৰেছ, পেন আমেৰিকা আৰু এনপিআৰতো প্ৰকাশ পাইছে। বিশিষ্ট কবি নাওমি চিহাব নিয়ে কালবাচীৰ ''স্পুন এণ্ড শ্ৰেপনেল: ভাৰ্চ এণ্ড ৱাৰটাইম ৰেচিপিচ''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/spoon-and-shrapnel-sheema-kalbasi/1146587975?ean=9781998309375|title=Spoon and Shrapnel: Verse and Wartime Recipes by Sheema Kalbasi, Paperback | Barnes & Noble®}}</ref> (২০২৪) কিতাপখনৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰি ইয়াক এক অমূল্য সম্পদ বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছে। ২০১৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰোমৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ বিশ্ব খাদ্য কাৰ্যসূচীত মুখ্য বক্তা হিচাপে আমন্ত্ৰিত হৈছিল, য’ত তেওঁ কম বয়সীয়া শিশুৰ বিবাহৰ ওপৰত দৰিদ্ৰতাৰ প্ৰভাৱৰ বিষয়ে এক ভাষণ প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ২০২৬ চনত কালবাচীৰ এটা ছচিয়েল মিডিয়া পোষ্টে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰিছিল, য’ত তেওঁ ১১ বছৰ বয়সত ইৰানী ইছলামিক ৰিপাব্লিকান গাৰ্ডচ কৰ্পচৰ সৈতে হোৱা তেওঁৰ অভিজ্ঞতাৰ কথা বৰ্ণনা কৰিছিল। ২০০৯ চনত কালবাচীয়ে অনিতা মেকএণ্ড্ৰুজ বঁটাৰ (মানৱ অধিকাৰৰ বাবে কবি) বিচাৰক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। সেই একে বছৰতে তেওঁ ইৰানৰ ২৬৬ গৰাকী শিক্ষাবিদ, লেখক, শিল্পী আৰু সাংবাদিকৰ সৈতে মিলি বাহায়ী ধৰ্মাৱলম্বীসকলৰ ওপৰত চলোৱা নিৰ্যাতনৰ গৰিহণা দি এক মুকলি ক্ষমাপত্ৰত স্বাক্ষৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=We are ashamed! - Iranian.com |url=https://iranian.com/main/2009/feb/we-are-ashamed.html |website=iranian.com}}</ref> == বাক-স্বাধীনতা আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক পোষকতা == কালবাচী বাক-স্বাধীনতাৰ এজন প্ৰবল সমৰ্থক আৰু সৰ্বগ্ৰাসীবাদী শাসন তথা প্ৰণালীবদ্ধ উৎপীড়নৰ এগৰাকী তীব্ৰ সমালোচক। নিজৰ লিখনী আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ওকালতিৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ চৰকাৰী চেঞ্চৰশ্বিপ, লিংগ বৈষম্য আৰু প্ৰান্তীয় কণ্ঠসমূহ মচি পেলাবলৈ তৈয়াৰ কৰা ৰাজনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে থিয় দিছে। কালবাচীৰ কৰ্মৰাজিয়ে বিশেষকৈ ইৰানৰ ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত থকা ধৰ্মতান্ত্ৰিক শাসনৰ হিংসাত্মক ভেটি উদঙাই দি মহিলা আৰু সংখ্যালঘুসকলক নীৰৱ কৰি ৰখাৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াক প্ৰত্যাহ্বান জনাই আহিছে। ভিন্নমতৰ প্ৰতি তেওঁৰ এই প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি কেৱল তাত্ত্বিক নহয়; ই তেওঁৰ জীৱনৰ অভিজ্ঞতাৰ সৈতে জড়িত, অদম্য আৰু গোলকীয় পৰিসৰৰ। সাহিত্যই সদায় অত্যাচাৰৰ প্ৰতিৰোধ কৰিব লাগে আৰু কণ্ঠহীনসকলৰ মৰ্যাদা ৰক্ষা কৰিব লাগে বুলি তেওঁ গভীৰভাৱে বিশ্বাস কৰে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [https://anacapareview.com/sheema-kalbasi/ Anacapa Review] * [https://www.trreview.com/post/where-is-the-heart-untempered-by-jahan-malek-khatun-translated-from-persian-by-sheema-kalbasi Black Lawrence Press] * [https://www.bild.de/politik/ausland-und-internationales/krieg-im-iran-iranerin-schreibt-ueber-ihre-gefuehle-wenn-bomben-fallen-69aac1ebb9534a9bd25d82eb/ BILD] * [https://www.libertatea.ro/stiri/mesajele-emotionante-ale-unei-poete-din-iran-despre-bombardamentele-din-teheran-5655497/ Libertatea] * [https://www.writersdigest.com/poets/exclusive-interview-with-poet-sheema-kalbasi WRITER's DIGEST] * [http://www.tehelka.com/story_main36.asp?filename=Ws011207Sheema.asp Tehelka Interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512063053/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main36.asp?filename=Ws011207Sheema.asp |date=2012-05-12 }} * [https://thediplomat.com/2010/09/10/unique-lives-that-inspire-asia/ The Diplomat Interview] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120415230743/http://www.takepart.com/blog-series/artists-exile/2011/08/31/sheema-kalbasi-poetry Take Part Interview] * [http://www.icorn.org/article/autumn-07-sheema-kalbasi Sheema Kalbasi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407133956/http://www.icorn.org/article/autumn-07-sheema-kalbasi |date=2016-04-07 }}, [[ICORN]] * [https://charterforcompassion.org/arts/arts/seda-voices-of-iran/sheema-kalbasi.html Charter for Compassion]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20050305232610/http://othervoicespoetry.org/vol3/kalbasi/index.html The Other Voices International Project]}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কবি]] mh9y78rqm4wqhxpf2z2zgcf6l5w6mht 1 136968 608815 607718 2026-05-26T09:00:07Z Golurambabu 49941 /* বিলোপন প্ৰত্যাহ্বান */ নতুন অনুচ্ছেদ 608815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''জ্যোতিষ''' প্ৰাচীন কালত গ্ৰহ, নক্ষত্ৰ আৰু অন্যান্য খগোলীয় পিণ্ডসমূহৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰাকেই জ্যোতিষ বোলা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ গণিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে স্পষ্টকৈ কোৱা যায় যে বেদসমূহত ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কে স্পষ্ট গণনা দিয়া আছে। ফলিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে বহু পিছত তথ্য পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতীয় আচাৰ্যসকলে ৰচনা কৰা জ্যোতিষৰ পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ সংখ্যা এক লাখতকৈও অধিক। '''শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন''' প্ৰাচীনকালত গণিত আৰু জ্যৌতিষ সমাৰ্থক আছিল, কিন্তু পিছলৈ ইয়াৰ তিনিটা ভাগ হয়। এই তিনিওটা স্কন্ধৰ জ্ঞাতা জনক 'সংহিতাপাৰগ' বোলা হৈছিল। (১) সংহিতা বা শাখা: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতি আৰু অন্যান্য প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনাৰ বিশ্বত প্ৰভাৱ। এইটো এক বিস্তৃত ভাগ আছিল যত শকুন পৰীক্ষণ, লক্ষণ পৰীক্ষণ আৰু ভৱিষ্যত সূচনৰ বিৱৰণ আছিল। (২) হোৰা বা জাতক: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতিৰ মানৱৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ। ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্ক কুণ্ডলী বনোৱাৰ সৈতে আছিল। ইয়াৰ তিনিটা উপবিভাগ আছিল — ক) জাতক, খ) যাত্ৰা, গ) বিবাহ। (৩) গণিত: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ গতি আৰু স্থিতিৰ গণনা তথা অন্যান্য খগোলীয় গণনা। ক) সিদ্ধান্ত — মূলভূত গ্ৰন্থ খ) তন্ত্ৰ শাস্ত্ৰ গ) কৰণ — সৰলীকৃত গণনাযুক্ত গ্ৰন্থ; পঞ্চাং বনোৱাৰ বাবে উপযোগী। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তত মূলতঃ দুটা ভাগ থাকে — এটাত গ্ৰহ আদিৰ গণনা আৰু আনটোত সৃষ্টিৰ আৰম্ভ, গোল বিচাৰ, যন্ত্ৰৰচনা আৰু কালগণনা সম্পৰ্কীয় মান থাকে। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তক সম্পূৰ্ণ পৃথক ৰাখিব নোৱাৰি। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কৰণৰ লক্ষণত এই পাৰ্থক্য আছে যে গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ কল্পাদি বা সৃষ্ট্যাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে সিদ্ধান্ত, মহাযুগাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কোনো ইষ্টশকৰ পৰা (যেনে কলিযুগৰ আৰম্ভৰ পৰা) হ'লে কৰণ বোলা হয়। কেৱল গ্ৰহগণিতৰ দৃষ্টিত চালে এই তিনিওৰ মাজত কোনো পাৰ্থক্য নাই। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ বা কৰণ গ্ৰন্থত গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ থকা প্ৰকৰণসমূহ ক্ৰমে এনেধৰণৰ: মধ্যমাধিকাৰ, স্পষ্টাধিকাৰ, ত্ৰিপ্ৰশ্নাধিকাৰ, চন্দ্ৰগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, সূৰ্যগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, ছায়াধিকাৰ, উদয়াস্তাধিকাৰ, শৃংগোন্নত্যধিকাৰ, গ্ৰহযুত্যধিকাৰ, যাতাধিকাৰ। 'জ্যোতিষ' শব্দৰ দ্বাৰা নিম্নলিখিতবোৰ বুজিব পৰা যায়: বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ, সিদ্ধান্ত জ্যোতিষ বা গণিত জ্যোতিষ (Theoretical Astronomy), ফলিত জ্যোতিষ (Astrology), অংক জ্যোতিষ (Numerology), খগোল শাস্ত্ৰ (Astronomy)। '''বাৰটা ৰাশি (দ্বাদশ ৰাশি)''' জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰত ৰাশিচক্ৰক মুঠ বাৰটা ভাগত ভগোৱা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ৰাশি ৩০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সমান আৰু সকলো বাৰটা ৰাশি মিলি ৩৬০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ বৃত্ত তৈয়াৰ কৰে। এই বাৰটা ৰাশি ক্ৰমে তলত দিয়া হ'ল: ১. মেষ ৰাশি (Aries) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মেৰ (ভেড়া)। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ২. বৃষ ৰাশি (Taurus) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে ষাঁড়। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৩. মিথুন ৰাশি (Gemini) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে যমজ নৰ-নাৰী। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৪. কৰ্কট ৰাশি (Cancer) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কেঁকোৰা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৫. সিংহ ৰাশি (Leo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে সিংহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে সূৰ্য। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৬. কন্যা ৰাশি (Virgo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কুমাৰী কন্যা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৭. তুলা ৰাশি (Libra) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে তুলাদণ্ড। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৮. বৃশ্চিক ৰাশি (Scorpio) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে বিছা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৯. ধনু ৰাশি (Sagittarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে অৰ্ধ মানৱ অৰ্ধ অশ্ব ধনুৰ্ধৰ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১০. মকৰ ৰাশি (Capricorn) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মকৰ মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১১. কুম্ভ ৰাশি (Aquarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কলহ বহন কৰা মানুহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১২. মীন ৰাশি (Pisces) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে দুটা মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। এই বাৰটা ৰাশিক চাৰিটা তত্ত্বত ভগোৱা হয় — অগ্নি (মেষ, সিংহ, ধনু), পৃথিৱী (বৃষ, কন্যা, মকৰ), বায়ু (মিথুন, তুলা, কুম্ভ) আৰু জল (কৰ্কট, বৃশ্চিক, মীন)। '''জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰধান গ্ৰন্থসমূহ''' গাৰ্গীয়-জ্যোতিষ বা গৰ্গসংহিতা, গৰ্গ-সংহিতা (বৃদ্ধ গৰ্গ ৰচিত), গৰ্গ হোৰা, বৃহদ পাৰাশৰ হোৰাশাস্ত্ৰ (ঋষি পৰাশৰ ৰচিত), জৈমিনীসূত্ৰ (ঋষি জৈমিনি ৰচিত), স্ফুজিধ্বজ হোৰা বা যৱনজাতক (ৰজা স্ফুজিধ্বজ ৰচিত), সাৰাৱলী (কল্যাণৱৰ্মা), বৃহৎসংহিতা (বৰাহমিহিৰ), বৃহজ্জাতকম্ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), দৈৱজ্ঞৱল্লভ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), ফলদীপিকা (মন্ত্ৰেশ্বৰ), হোৰাসাৰ (পৃথুযাসস), সৰ্বাৰ্থচিন্তামণি (ভেংকটেশ দৈৱজ্ঞ), হোৰাৰত্ন (আচাৰ্য বলভদ্ৰ), জাতক পাৰিজাত (বৈদ্যনাথ দীক্ষিত), চমৎকাৰচিন্তামণি (মেলপাতুৰ নাৰায়ণ ভট্টতিৰি), উত্তৰকালামৃতম্ (গণক কালিদাস), তাজিকনীলকণ্ঠী (নীলাকণ্ঠ), প্ৰশ্নমাৰ্গ (প্ৰণকট্টু নম্বূতিৰি), দশাধ্যায়ী (গোৱিন্দ ভট্টতিৰি)। '''ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰাচীনতা''' ভাৰতীয় আৰ্যসকলৰ মাজত জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ জ্ঞান অতি প্ৰাচীন কালৰ পৰাই আছিল। যজ্ঞসমূহৰ তিথি আদি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ এই বিদ্যাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ ক্ৰমৰ বিষয়ে বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত সদায় উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। যেনে — পুনৰ্বসুৰ পৰা মৃগশিৰা (ঋগবেদ), মৃগশিৰাৰ পৰা ৰোহিণী (ঐতৰেয় ব্ৰাহ্মণ), ৰোহিণীৰ পৰা কৃত্তিকা (তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতা), কৃত্তিকাৰ পৰা ভৰণী (বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ)। তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতাৰ পৰা জানা যায় যে প্ৰাচীনকালত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন কৃত্তিকা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। এই বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰাই বৈদিক বৰ্ষৰ আৰম্ভ বুলি ধৰা হৈছিল, কিন্তু অয়নৰ গণনা মাঘ মাহৰ পৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত বৰ্ষৰ গণনা শৰদ বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। এই দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ গণনা বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়। বৈদিক কালত কোনো সময়ত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰতো পৰিছিল। ইয়াক বাল গংগাধৰ তিলকে ঋগবেদৰ পৰা বহু প্ৰমাণ দি প্ৰমাণ কৰিছে। কিছুমান লোকে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিছে যে বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ এই স্থিতি খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ৪০০০ বছৰৰ আগৰ। সেয়ে এইটো নিশ্চিত যে খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব পাঁচ-ছয় হাজাৰ বছৰৰ আগৰে পৰা হিন্দুসকলে নক্ষত্ৰ, অয়ন আদিৰ জ্ঞান ৰাখিছিল আৰু যজ্ঞৰ বাবে পাত্ৰা বনাইছিল। শৰদ বৰ্ষৰ প্ৰথম মাহৰ নাম আছিল অগ্ৰহায়ণ, যাৰ পূৰ্ণিমা মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। সেয়ে কৃষ্ণই গীতাত কৈছে — 'মাহসমূহৰ ভিতৰত মই মাৰ্গশীৰ্ষ'। প্ৰাচীন হিন্দুসকলে ধ্ৰুৱতাৰাও অতি প্ৰাচীন কালতে আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ সিদ্ধান্ত ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে অন্য কোনো দেশৰ পৰা লোৱা নাছিল; কাৰণ এই বিষয়ে যেতিয়া ইউৰোপত বিতৰ্ক চলিছিল, তাৰ সাত-আঠশ বছৰ আগতেই ভাৰতবাসীয়ে ইয়াৰ গতি আদিৰ নিৰূপণ কৰিছিল। বৰাহমিহিৰৰ সময়ত জ্যোতিষৰ সম্পৰ্কত পাঁচ প্ৰকাৰৰ সিদ্ধান্ত এই দেশত প্ৰচলিত আছিল — সৌৰ, পৈতামহ, বাসিষ্ঠ, পৌলিশ আৰু ৰোমক। সৌৰ সিদ্ধান্ত সম্পৰ্কীয় সূৰ্যসিদ্ধান্ত নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখন কোনো আন প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰন্থৰ আধাৰত ৰচিত যেন লাগে। বৰাহমিহিৰ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মগুপ্ত উভয়ে এই গ্ৰন্থৰ সহায় লৈছিল। এই সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰন্থসমূহত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ ভুজাংশ, স্থান, যুতি, উদয়, অস্ত আদি জনাৰ ক্ৰিয়াসমূহ সবিস্তাৰে দিয়া আছে। অক্ষাংশ আৰু দেশান্তৰৰো বিচাৰ আছে। পূৰ্বকালত দেশান্তৰ লংকা বা উজ্জয়িনীৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে গণনাৰ বাবে পৃথিৱীকেই কেন্দ্ৰ মানি চলিছিল আৰু গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্পষ্ট স্থিতি বা গতি লৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ কক্ষা আদিৰ সম্পৰ্কত তেওঁলোকৰ আৰু আজিৰ গণনাত কিছু পাৰ্থক্য আছে। ক্ৰান্তিবৃত্ত প্ৰথমে ২৮টা নক্ষত্ৰতহে বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাশিবিভাগ পিছৰ পৰা হৈছে। বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত ৰাশিৰ নাম পোৱা নাযায়। এই ৰাশিসমূহৰ যজ্ঞৰ সৈতে কোনো সম্পৰ্ক নাই। বহু পণ্ডিতৰ মতে ৰাশি আৰু দিনৰ নামসমূহ যৱন (গ্ৰীকসকলৰ) সম্পৰ্কৰ পিছৰ। বহু পাৰিভাষিক শব্দও গ্ৰীকসকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছে, যেনে — হোৰা, দৃক্কাণ, কেন্দ্ৰ, ইত্যাদি। '''তথ্যসূত্ৰ''' Census of Exact Sciences in Sanskrit — David Pigaree ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:জ্যোতিষ]] জ্যোতিষ শিকক: [https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ বৈদিক জ্যোতিষ পাঠ্যক্ৰম] ([https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ Vedic Astrology Course]) == বিলোপন প্ৰত্যাহ্বান == Please let me know what should i change to correct this article ksrrgeq9873orn8cefheo76mq8mkw5f 608826 608815 2026-05-26T09:26:21Z Golurambabu 49941 /* বিলোপন প্ৰত্যাহ্বান */ নতুন অনুচ্ছেদ 608826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''জ্যোতিষ''' প্ৰাচীন কালত গ্ৰহ, নক্ষত্ৰ আৰু অন্যান্য খগোলীয় পিণ্ডসমূহৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰাকেই জ্যোতিষ বোলা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ গণিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে স্পষ্টকৈ কোৱা যায় যে বেদসমূহত ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কে স্পষ্ট গণনা দিয়া আছে। ফলিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে বহু পিছত তথ্য পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতীয় আচাৰ্যসকলে ৰচনা কৰা জ্যোতিষৰ পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ সংখ্যা এক লাখতকৈও অধিক। '''শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন''' প্ৰাচীনকালত গণিত আৰু জ্যৌতিষ সমাৰ্থক আছিল, কিন্তু পিছলৈ ইয়াৰ তিনিটা ভাগ হয়। এই তিনিওটা স্কন্ধৰ জ্ঞাতা জনক 'সংহিতাপাৰগ' বোলা হৈছিল। (১) সংহিতা বা শাখা: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতি আৰু অন্যান্য প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনাৰ বিশ্বত প্ৰভাৱ। এইটো এক বিস্তৃত ভাগ আছিল যত শকুন পৰীক্ষণ, লক্ষণ পৰীক্ষণ আৰু ভৱিষ্যত সূচনৰ বিৱৰণ আছিল। (২) হোৰা বা জাতক: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতিৰ মানৱৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ। ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্ক কুণ্ডলী বনোৱাৰ সৈতে আছিল। ইয়াৰ তিনিটা উপবিভাগ আছিল — ক) জাতক, খ) যাত্ৰা, গ) বিবাহ। (৩) গণিত: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ গতি আৰু স্থিতিৰ গণনা তথা অন্যান্য খগোলীয় গণনা। ক) সিদ্ধান্ত — মূলভূত গ্ৰন্থ খ) তন্ত্ৰ শাস্ত্ৰ গ) কৰণ — সৰলীকৃত গণনাযুক্ত গ্ৰন্থ; পঞ্চাং বনোৱাৰ বাবে উপযোগী। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তত মূলতঃ দুটা ভাগ থাকে — এটাত গ্ৰহ আদিৰ গণনা আৰু আনটোত সৃষ্টিৰ আৰম্ভ, গোল বিচাৰ, যন্ত্ৰৰচনা আৰু কালগণনা সম্পৰ্কীয় মান থাকে। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তক সম্পূৰ্ণ পৃথক ৰাখিব নোৱাৰি। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কৰণৰ লক্ষণত এই পাৰ্থক্য আছে যে গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ কল্পাদি বা সৃষ্ট্যাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে সিদ্ধান্ত, মহাযুগাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কোনো ইষ্টশকৰ পৰা (যেনে কলিযুগৰ আৰম্ভৰ পৰা) হ'লে কৰণ বোলা হয়। কেৱল গ্ৰহগণিতৰ দৃষ্টিত চালে এই তিনিওৰ মাজত কোনো পাৰ্থক্য নাই। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ বা কৰণ গ্ৰন্থত গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ থকা প্ৰকৰণসমূহ ক্ৰমে এনেধৰণৰ: মধ্যমাধিকাৰ, স্পষ্টাধিকাৰ, ত্ৰিপ্ৰশ্নাধিকাৰ, চন্দ্ৰগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, সূৰ্যগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, ছায়াধিকাৰ, উদয়াস্তাধিকাৰ, শৃংগোন্নত্যধিকাৰ, গ্ৰহযুত্যধিকাৰ, যাতাধিকাৰ। 'জ্যোতিষ' শব্দৰ দ্বাৰা নিম্নলিখিতবোৰ বুজিব পৰা যায়: বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ, সিদ্ধান্ত জ্যোতিষ বা গণিত জ্যোতিষ (Theoretical Astronomy), ফলিত জ্যোতিষ (Astrology), অংক জ্যোতিষ (Numerology), খগোল শাস্ত্ৰ (Astronomy)। '''বাৰটা ৰাশি (দ্বাদশ ৰাশি)''' জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰত ৰাশিচক্ৰক মুঠ বাৰটা ভাগত ভগোৱা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ৰাশি ৩০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সমান আৰু সকলো বাৰটা ৰাশি মিলি ৩৬০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ বৃত্ত তৈয়াৰ কৰে। এই বাৰটা ৰাশি ক্ৰমে তলত দিয়া হ'ল: ১. মেষ ৰাশি (Aries) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মেৰ (ভেড়া)। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ২. বৃষ ৰাশি (Taurus) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে ষাঁড়। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৩. মিথুন ৰাশি (Gemini) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে যমজ নৰ-নাৰী। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৪. কৰ্কট ৰাশি (Cancer) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কেঁকোৰা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৫. সিংহ ৰাশি (Leo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে সিংহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে সূৰ্য। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৬. কন্যা ৰাশি (Virgo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কুমাৰী কন্যা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৭. তুলা ৰাশি (Libra) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে তুলাদণ্ড। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৮. বৃশ্চিক ৰাশি (Scorpio) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে বিছা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৯. ধনু ৰাশি (Sagittarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে অৰ্ধ মানৱ অৰ্ধ অশ্ব ধনুৰ্ধৰ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১০. মকৰ ৰাশি (Capricorn) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মকৰ মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১১. কুম্ভ ৰাশি (Aquarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কলহ বহন কৰা মানুহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১২. মীন ৰাশি (Pisces) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে দুটা মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। এই বাৰটা ৰাশিক চাৰিটা তত্ত্বত ভগোৱা হয় — অগ্নি (মেষ, সিংহ, ধনু), পৃথিৱী (বৃষ, কন্যা, মকৰ), বায়ু (মিথুন, তুলা, কুম্ভ) আৰু জল (কৰ্কট, বৃশ্চিক, মীন)। '''জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰধান গ্ৰন্থসমূহ''' গাৰ্গীয়-জ্যোতিষ বা গৰ্গসংহিতা, গৰ্গ-সংহিতা (বৃদ্ধ গৰ্গ ৰচিত), গৰ্গ হোৰা, বৃহদ পাৰাশৰ হোৰাশাস্ত্ৰ (ঋষি পৰাশৰ ৰচিত), জৈমিনীসূত্ৰ (ঋষি জৈমিনি ৰচিত), স্ফুজিধ্বজ হোৰা বা যৱনজাতক (ৰজা স্ফুজিধ্বজ ৰচিত), সাৰাৱলী (কল্যাণৱৰ্মা), বৃহৎসংহিতা (বৰাহমিহিৰ), বৃহজ্জাতকম্ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), দৈৱজ্ঞৱল্লভ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), ফলদীপিকা (মন্ত্ৰেশ্বৰ), হোৰাসাৰ (পৃথুযাসস), সৰ্বাৰ্থচিন্তামণি (ভেংকটেশ দৈৱজ্ঞ), হোৰাৰত্ন (আচাৰ্য বলভদ্ৰ), জাতক পাৰিজাত (বৈদ্যনাথ দীক্ষিত), চমৎকাৰচিন্তামণি (মেলপাতুৰ নাৰায়ণ ভট্টতিৰি), উত্তৰকালামৃতম্ (গণক কালিদাস), তাজিকনীলকণ্ঠী (নীলাকণ্ঠ), প্ৰশ্নমাৰ্গ (প্ৰণকট্টু নম্বূতিৰি), দশাধ্যায়ী (গোৱিন্দ ভট্টতিৰি)। '''ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰাচীনতা''' ভাৰতীয় আৰ্যসকলৰ মাজত জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ জ্ঞান অতি প্ৰাচীন কালৰ পৰাই আছিল। যজ্ঞসমূহৰ তিথি আদি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ এই বিদ্যাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ ক্ৰমৰ বিষয়ে বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত সদায় উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। যেনে — পুনৰ্বসুৰ পৰা মৃগশিৰা (ঋগবেদ), মৃগশিৰাৰ পৰা ৰোহিণী (ঐতৰেয় ব্ৰাহ্মণ), ৰোহিণীৰ পৰা কৃত্তিকা (তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতা), কৃত্তিকাৰ পৰা ভৰণী (বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ)। তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতাৰ পৰা জানা যায় যে প্ৰাচীনকালত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন কৃত্তিকা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। এই বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰাই বৈদিক বৰ্ষৰ আৰম্ভ বুলি ধৰা হৈছিল, কিন্তু অয়নৰ গণনা মাঘ মাহৰ পৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত বৰ্ষৰ গণনা শৰদ বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। এই দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ গণনা বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়। বৈদিক কালত কোনো সময়ত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰতো পৰিছিল। ইয়াক বাল গংগাধৰ তিলকে ঋগবেদৰ পৰা বহু প্ৰমাণ দি প্ৰমাণ কৰিছে। কিছুমান লোকে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিছে যে বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ এই স্থিতি খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ৪০০০ বছৰৰ আগৰ। সেয়ে এইটো নিশ্চিত যে খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব পাঁচ-ছয় হাজাৰ বছৰৰ আগৰে পৰা হিন্দুসকলে নক্ষত্ৰ, অয়ন আদিৰ জ্ঞান ৰাখিছিল আৰু যজ্ঞৰ বাবে পাত্ৰা বনাইছিল। শৰদ বৰ্ষৰ প্ৰথম মাহৰ নাম আছিল অগ্ৰহায়ণ, যাৰ পূৰ্ণিমা মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। সেয়ে কৃষ্ণই গীতাত কৈছে — 'মাহসমূহৰ ভিতৰত মই মাৰ্গশীৰ্ষ'। প্ৰাচীন হিন্দুসকলে ধ্ৰুৱতাৰাও অতি প্ৰাচীন কালতে আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ সিদ্ধান্ত ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে অন্য কোনো দেশৰ পৰা লোৱা নাছিল; কাৰণ এই বিষয়ে যেতিয়া ইউৰোপত বিতৰ্ক চলিছিল, তাৰ সাত-আঠশ বছৰ আগতেই ভাৰতবাসীয়ে ইয়াৰ গতি আদিৰ নিৰূপণ কৰিছিল। বৰাহমিহিৰৰ সময়ত জ্যোতিষৰ সম্পৰ্কত পাঁচ প্ৰকাৰৰ সিদ্ধান্ত এই দেশত প্ৰচলিত আছিল — সৌৰ, পৈতামহ, বাসিষ্ঠ, পৌলিশ আৰু ৰোমক। সৌৰ সিদ্ধান্ত সম্পৰ্কীয় সূৰ্যসিদ্ধান্ত নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখন কোনো আন প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰন্থৰ আধাৰত ৰচিত যেন লাগে। বৰাহমিহিৰ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মগুপ্ত উভয়ে এই গ্ৰন্থৰ সহায় লৈছিল। এই সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰন্থসমূহত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ ভুজাংশ, স্থান, যুতি, উদয়, অস্ত আদি জনাৰ ক্ৰিয়াসমূহ সবিস্তাৰে দিয়া আছে। অক্ষাংশ আৰু দেশান্তৰৰো বিচাৰ আছে। পূৰ্বকালত দেশান্তৰ লংকা বা উজ্জয়িনীৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে গণনাৰ বাবে পৃথিৱীকেই কেন্দ্ৰ মানি চলিছিল আৰু গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্পষ্ট স্থিতি বা গতি লৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ কক্ষা আদিৰ সম্পৰ্কত তেওঁলোকৰ আৰু আজিৰ গণনাত কিছু পাৰ্থক্য আছে। ক্ৰান্তিবৃত্ত প্ৰথমে ২৮টা নক্ষত্ৰতহে বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাশিবিভাগ পিছৰ পৰা হৈছে। বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত ৰাশিৰ নাম পোৱা নাযায়। এই ৰাশিসমূহৰ যজ্ঞৰ সৈতে কোনো সম্পৰ্ক নাই। বহু পণ্ডিতৰ মতে ৰাশি আৰু দিনৰ নামসমূহ যৱন (গ্ৰীকসকলৰ) সম্পৰ্কৰ পিছৰ। বহু পাৰিভাষিক শব্দও গ্ৰীকসকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছে, যেনে — হোৰা, দৃক্কাণ, কেন্দ্ৰ, ইত্যাদি। '''তথ্যসূত্ৰ''' Census of Exact Sciences in Sanskrit — David Pigaree ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:জ্যোতিষ]] জ্যোতিষ শিকক: [https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ বৈদিক জ্যোতিষ পাঠ্যক্ৰম] ([https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ Vedic Astrology Course]) == বিলোপন প্ৰত্যাহ্বান == Please let me know what should i change to correct this article == বিলোপন প্ৰত্যাহ্বান == Help me to write this article mo94eiiq6pngcjvpex5d0dghnfwx91o 608830 608826 2026-05-26T09:33:55Z Golurambabu 49941 608830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''জ্যোতিষ''' প্ৰাচীন কালত গ্ৰহ, নক্ষত্ৰ আৰু অন্যান্য খগোলীয় পিণ্ডসমূহৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰাকেই জ্যোতিষ বোলা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ গণিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে স্পষ্টকৈ কোৱা যায় যে বেদসমূহত ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কে স্পষ্ট গণনা দিয়া আছে। ফলিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে বহু পিছত তথ্য পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতীয় আচাৰ্যসকলে ৰচনা কৰা জ্যোতিষৰ পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ সংখ্যা এক লাখতকৈও অধিক। '''শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন''' প্ৰাচীনকালত গণিত আৰু জ্যৌতিষ সমাৰ্থক আছিল, কিন্তু পিছলৈ ইয়াৰ তিনিটা ভাগ হয়। এই তিনিওটা স্কন্ধৰ জ্ঞাতা জনক 'সংহিতাপাৰগ' বোলা হৈছিল। (১) সংহিতা বা শাখা: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতি আৰু অন্যান্য প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনাৰ বিশ্বত প্ৰভাৱ। এইটো এক বিস্তৃত ভাগ আছিল যত শকুন পৰীক্ষণ, লক্ষণ পৰীক্ষণ আৰু ভৱিষ্যত সূচনৰ বিৱৰণ আছিল। (২) হোৰা বা জাতক: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতিৰ মানৱৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ। ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্ক কুণ্ডলী বনোৱাৰ সৈতে আছিল। ইয়াৰ তিনিটা উপবিভাগ আছিল — ক) জাতক, খ) যাত্ৰা, গ) বিবাহ। (৩) গণিত: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ গতি আৰু স্থিতিৰ গণনা তথা অন্যান্য খগোলীয় গণনা। ক) সিদ্ধান্ত — মূলভূত গ্ৰন্থ খ) তন্ত্ৰ শাস্ত্ৰ গ) কৰণ — সৰলীকৃত গণনাযুক্ত গ্ৰন্থ; পঞ্চাং বনোৱাৰ বাবে উপযোগী। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তত মূলতঃ দুটা ভাগ থাকে — এটাত গ্ৰহ আদিৰ গণনা আৰু আনটোত সৃষ্টিৰ আৰম্ভ, গোল বিচাৰ, যন্ত্ৰৰচনা আৰু কালগণনা সম্পৰ্কীয় মান থাকে। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তক সম্পূৰ্ণ পৃথক ৰাখিব নোৱাৰি। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কৰণৰ লক্ষণত এই পাৰ্থক্য আছে যে গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ কল্পাদি বা সৃষ্ট্যাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে সিদ্ধান্ত, মহাযুগাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কোনো ইষ্টশকৰ পৰা (যেনে কলিযুগৰ আৰম্ভৰ পৰা) হ'লে কৰণ বোলা হয়। কেৱল গ্ৰহগণিতৰ দৃষ্টিত চালে এই তিনিওৰ মাজত কোনো পাৰ্থক্য নাই। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ বা কৰণ গ্ৰন্থত গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ থকা প্ৰকৰণসমূহ ক্ৰমে এনেধৰণৰ: মধ্যমাধিকাৰ, স্পষ্টাধিকাৰ, ত্ৰিপ্ৰশ্নাধিকাৰ, চন্দ্ৰগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, সূৰ্যগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, ছায়াধিকাৰ, উদয়াস্তাধিকাৰ, শৃংগোন্নত্যধিকাৰ, গ্ৰহযুত্যধিকাৰ, যাতাধিকাৰ। 'জ্যোতিষ' শব্দৰ দ্বাৰা নিম্নলিখিতবোৰ বুজিব পৰা যায়: বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ, সিদ্ধান্ত জ্যোতিষ বা গণিত জ্যোতিষ (Theoretical Astronomy), ফলিত জ্যোতিষ (Astrology), অংক জ্যোতিষ (Numerology), খগোল শাস্ত্ৰ (Astronomy)। '''বাৰটা ৰাশি (দ্বাদশ ৰাশি)''' জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰত ৰাশিচক্ৰক মুঠ বাৰটা ভাগত ভগোৱা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ৰাশি ৩০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সমান আৰু সকলো বাৰটা ৰাশি মিলি ৩৬০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ বৃত্ত তৈয়াৰ কৰে। এই বাৰটা ৰাশি ক্ৰমে তলত দিয়া হ'ল: ১. মেষ ৰাশি (Aries) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মেৰ (ভেড়া)। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ২. বৃষ ৰাশি (Taurus) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে ষাঁড়। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৩. মিথুন ৰাশি (Gemini) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে যমজ নৰ-নাৰী। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৪. কৰ্কট ৰাশি (Cancer) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কেঁকোৰা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৫. সিংহ ৰাশি (Leo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে সিংহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে সূৰ্য। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৬. কন্যা ৰাশি (Virgo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কুমাৰী কন্যা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৭. তুলা ৰাশি (Libra) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে তুলাদণ্ড। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৮. বৃশ্চিক ৰাশি (Scorpio) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে বিছা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৯. ধনু ৰাশি (Sagittarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে অৰ্ধ মানৱ অৰ্ধ অশ্ব ধনুৰ্ধৰ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১০. মকৰ ৰাশি (Capricorn) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মকৰ মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১১. কুম্ভ ৰাশি (Aquarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কলহ বহন কৰা মানুহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১২. মীন ৰাশি (Pisces) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে দুটা মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। এই বাৰটা ৰাশিক চাৰিটা তত্ত্বত ভগোৱা হয় — অগ্নি (মেষ, সিংহ, ধনু), পৃথিৱী (বৃষ, কন্যা, মকৰ), বায়ু (মিথুন, তুলা, কুম্ভ) আৰু জল (কৰ্কট, বৃশ্চিক, মীন)। '''জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰধান গ্ৰন্থসমূহ''' গাৰ্গীয়-জ্যোতিষ বা গৰ্গসংহিতা, গৰ্গ-সংহিতা (বৃদ্ধ গৰ্গ ৰচিত), গৰ্গ হোৰা, বৃহদ পাৰাশৰ হোৰাশাস্ত্ৰ (ঋষি পৰাশৰ ৰচিত), জৈমিনীসূত্ৰ (ঋষি জৈমিনি ৰচিত), স্ফুজিধ্বজ হোৰা বা যৱনজাতক (ৰজা স্ফুজিধ্বজ ৰচিত), সাৰাৱলী (কল্যাণৱৰ্মা), বৃহৎসংহিতা (বৰাহমিহিৰ), বৃহজ্জাতকম্ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), দৈৱজ্ঞৱল্লভ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), ফলদীপিকা (মন্ত্ৰেশ্বৰ), হোৰাসাৰ (পৃথুযাসস), সৰ্বাৰ্থচিন্তামণি (ভেংকটেশ দৈৱজ্ঞ), হোৰাৰত্ন (আচাৰ্য বলভদ্ৰ), জাতক পাৰিজাত (বৈদ্যনাথ দীক্ষিত), চমৎকাৰচিন্তামণি (মেলপাতুৰ নাৰায়ণ ভট্টতিৰি), উত্তৰকালামৃতম্ (গণক কালিদাস), তাজিকনীলকণ্ঠী (নীলাকণ্ঠ), প্ৰশ্নমাৰ্গ (প্ৰণকট্টু নম্বূতিৰি), দশাধ্যায়ী (গোৱিন্দ ভট্টতিৰি)। '''ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰাচীনতা''' ভাৰতীয় আৰ্যসকলৰ মাজত জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ জ্ঞান অতি প্ৰাচীন কালৰ পৰাই আছিল। যজ্ঞসমূহৰ তিথি আদি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ এই বিদ্যাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ ক্ৰমৰ বিষয়ে বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত সদায় উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। যেনে — পুনৰ্বসুৰ পৰা মৃগশিৰা (ঋগবেদ), মৃগশিৰাৰ পৰা ৰোহিণী (ঐতৰেয় ব্ৰাহ্মণ), ৰোহিণীৰ পৰা কৃত্তিকা (তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতা), কৃত্তিকাৰ পৰা ভৰণী (বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ)। তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতাৰ পৰা জানা যায় যে প্ৰাচীনকালত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন কৃত্তিকা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। এই বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰাই বৈদিক বৰ্ষৰ আৰম্ভ বুলি ধৰা হৈছিল, কিন্তু অয়নৰ গণনা মাঘ মাহৰ পৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত বৰ্ষৰ গণনা শৰদ বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। এই দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ গণনা বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়। বৈদিক কালত কোনো সময়ত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰতো পৰিছিল। ইয়াক বাল গংগাধৰ তিলকে ঋগবেদৰ পৰা বহু প্ৰমাণ দি প্ৰমাণ কৰিছে। কিছুমান লোকে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিছে যে বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ এই স্থিতি খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ৪০০০ বছৰৰ আগৰ। সেয়ে এইটো নিশ্চিত যে খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব পাঁচ-ছয় হাজাৰ বছৰৰ আগৰে পৰা হিন্দুসকলে নক্ষত্ৰ, অয়ন আদিৰ জ্ঞান ৰাখিছিল আৰু যজ্ঞৰ বাবে পাত্ৰা বনাইছিল। শৰদ বৰ্ষৰ প্ৰথম মাহৰ নাম আছিল অগ্ৰহায়ণ, যাৰ পূৰ্ণিমা মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। সেয়ে কৃষ্ণই গীতাত কৈছে — 'মাহসমূহৰ ভিতৰত মই মাৰ্গশীৰ্ষ'। প্ৰাচীন হিন্দুসকলে ধ্ৰুৱতাৰাও অতি প্ৰাচীন কালতে আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ সিদ্ধান্ত ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে অন্য কোনো দেশৰ পৰা লোৱা নাছিল; কাৰণ এই বিষয়ে যেতিয়া ইউৰোপত বিতৰ্ক চলিছিল, তাৰ সাত-আঠশ বছৰ আগতেই ভাৰতবাসীয়ে ইয়াৰ গতি আদিৰ নিৰূপণ কৰিছিল। বৰাহমিহিৰৰ সময়ত জ্যোতিষৰ সম্পৰ্কত পাঁচ প্ৰকাৰৰ সিদ্ধান্ত এই দেশত প্ৰচলিত আছিল — সৌৰ, পৈতামহ, বাসিষ্ঠ, পৌলিশ আৰু ৰোমক। সৌৰ সিদ্ধান্ত সম্পৰ্কীয় সূৰ্যসিদ্ধান্ত নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখন কোনো আন প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰন্থৰ আধাৰত ৰচিত যেন লাগে। বৰাহমিহিৰ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মগুপ্ত উভয়ে এই গ্ৰন্থৰ সহায় লৈছিল। এই সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰন্থসমূহত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ ভুজাংশ, স্থান, যুতি, উদয়, অস্ত আদি জনাৰ ক্ৰিয়াসমূহ সবিস্তাৰে দিয়া আছে। অক্ষাংশ আৰু দেশান্তৰৰো বিচাৰ আছে। পূৰ্বকালত দেশান্তৰ লংকা বা উজ্জয়িনীৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে গণনাৰ বাবে পৃথিৱীকেই কেন্দ্ৰ মানি চলিছিল আৰু গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্পষ্ট স্থিতি বা গতি লৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ কক্ষা আদিৰ সম্পৰ্কত তেওঁলোকৰ আৰু আজিৰ গণনাত কিছু পাৰ্থক্য আছে। ক্ৰান্তিবৃত্ত প্ৰথমে ২৮টা নক্ষত্ৰতহে বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাশিবিভাগ পিছৰ পৰা হৈছে। বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত ৰাশিৰ নাম পোৱা নাযায়। এই ৰাশিসমূহৰ যজ্ঞৰ সৈতে কোনো সম্পৰ্ক নাই। বহু পণ্ডিতৰ মতে ৰাশি আৰু দিনৰ নামসমূহ যৱন (গ্ৰীকসকলৰ) সম্পৰ্কৰ পিছৰ। বহু পাৰিভাষিক শব্দও গ্ৰীকসকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছে, যেনে — হোৰা, দৃক্কাণ, কেন্দ্ৰ, ইত্যাদি। '''তথ্যসূত্ৰ''' Census of Exact Sciences in Sanskrit — David Pigaree ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:জ্যোতিষ]] জ্যোতিষ শিকক: [https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ বৈদিক জ্যোতিষ পাঠ্যক্ৰম] ([https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ Vedic Astrology Course]) mozoack3rmi90quvbiqn6jffp246dc0 608831 608830 2026-05-26T09:35:22Z Golurambabu 49941 /* বিলোপন প্ৰত্যাহ্বান */ নতুন অনুচ্ছেদ 608831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''জ্যোতিষ''' প্ৰাচীন কালত গ্ৰহ, নক্ষত্ৰ আৰু অন্যান্য খগোলীয় পিণ্ডসমূহৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰাকেই জ্যোতিষ বোলা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ গণিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে স্পষ্টকৈ কোৱা যায় যে বেদসমূহত ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কে স্পষ্ট গণনা দিয়া আছে। ফলিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে বহু পিছত তথ্য পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতীয় আচাৰ্যসকলে ৰচনা কৰা জ্যোতিষৰ পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ সংখ্যা এক লাখতকৈও অধিক। '''শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন''' প্ৰাচীনকালত গণিত আৰু জ্যৌতিষ সমাৰ্থক আছিল, কিন্তু পিছলৈ ইয়াৰ তিনিটা ভাগ হয়। এই তিনিওটা স্কন্ধৰ জ্ঞাতা জনক 'সংহিতাপাৰগ' বোলা হৈছিল। (১) সংহিতা বা শাখা: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতি আৰু অন্যান্য প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনাৰ বিশ্বত প্ৰভাৱ। এইটো এক বিস্তৃত ভাগ আছিল যত শকুন পৰীক্ষণ, লক্ষণ পৰীক্ষণ আৰু ভৱিষ্যত সূচনৰ বিৱৰণ আছিল। (২) হোৰা বা জাতক: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতিৰ মানৱৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ। ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্ক কুণ্ডলী বনোৱাৰ সৈতে আছিল। ইয়াৰ তিনিটা উপবিভাগ আছিল — ক) জাতক, খ) যাত্ৰা, গ) বিবাহ। (৩) গণিত: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ গতি আৰু স্থিতিৰ গণনা তথা অন্যান্য খগোলীয় গণনা। ক) সিদ্ধান্ত — মূলভূত গ্ৰন্থ খ) তন্ত্ৰ শাস্ত্ৰ গ) কৰণ — সৰলীকৃত গণনাযুক্ত গ্ৰন্থ; পঞ্চাং বনোৱাৰ বাবে উপযোগী। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তত মূলতঃ দুটা ভাগ থাকে — এটাত গ্ৰহ আদিৰ গণনা আৰু আনটোত সৃষ্টিৰ আৰম্ভ, গোল বিচাৰ, যন্ত্ৰৰচনা আৰু কালগণনা সম্পৰ্কীয় মান থাকে। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তক সম্পূৰ্ণ পৃথক ৰাখিব নোৱাৰি। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কৰণৰ লক্ষণত এই পাৰ্থক্য আছে যে গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ কল্পাদি বা সৃষ্ট্যাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে সিদ্ধান্ত, মহাযুগাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কোনো ইষ্টশকৰ পৰা (যেনে কলিযুগৰ আৰম্ভৰ পৰা) হ'লে কৰণ বোলা হয়। কেৱল গ্ৰহগণিতৰ দৃষ্টিত চালে এই তিনিওৰ মাজত কোনো পাৰ্থক্য নাই। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ বা কৰণ গ্ৰন্থত গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ থকা প্ৰকৰণসমূহ ক্ৰমে এনেধৰণৰ: মধ্যমাধিকাৰ, স্পষ্টাধিকাৰ, ত্ৰিপ্ৰশ্নাধিকাৰ, চন্দ্ৰগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, সূৰ্যগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, ছায়াধিকাৰ, উদয়াস্তাধিকাৰ, শৃংগোন্নত্যধিকাৰ, গ্ৰহযুত্যধিকাৰ, যাতাধিকাৰ। 'জ্যোতিষ' শব্দৰ দ্বাৰা নিম্নলিখিতবোৰ বুজিব পৰা যায়: বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ, সিদ্ধান্ত জ্যোতিষ বা গণিত জ্যোতিষ (Theoretical Astronomy), ফলিত জ্যোতিষ (Astrology), অংক জ্যোতিষ (Numerology), খগোল শাস্ত্ৰ (Astronomy)। '''বাৰটা ৰাশি (দ্বাদশ ৰাশি)''' জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰত ৰাশিচক্ৰক মুঠ বাৰটা ভাগত ভগোৱা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ৰাশি ৩০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সমান আৰু সকলো বাৰটা ৰাশি মিলি ৩৬০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ বৃত্ত তৈয়াৰ কৰে। এই বাৰটা ৰাশি ক্ৰমে তলত দিয়া হ'ল: ১. মেষ ৰাশি (Aries) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মেৰ (ভেড়া)। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ২. বৃষ ৰাশি (Taurus) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে ষাঁড়। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৩. মিথুন ৰাশি (Gemini) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে যমজ নৰ-নাৰী। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৪. কৰ্কট ৰাশি (Cancer) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কেঁকোৰা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৫. সিংহ ৰাশি (Leo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে সিংহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে সূৰ্য। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৬. কন্যা ৰাশি (Virgo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কুমাৰী কন্যা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৭. তুলা ৰাশি (Libra) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে তুলাদণ্ড। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৮. বৃশ্চিক ৰাশি (Scorpio) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে বিছা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৯. ধনু ৰাশি (Sagittarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে অৰ্ধ মানৱ অৰ্ধ অশ্ব ধনুৰ্ধৰ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১০. মকৰ ৰাশি (Capricorn) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মকৰ মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১১. কুম্ভ ৰাশি (Aquarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কলহ বহন কৰা মানুহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১২. মীন ৰাশি (Pisces) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে দুটা মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। এই বাৰটা ৰাশিক চাৰিটা তত্ত্বত ভগোৱা হয় — অগ্নি (মেষ, সিংহ, ধনু), পৃথিৱী (বৃষ, কন্যা, মকৰ), বায়ু (মিথুন, তুলা, কুম্ভ) আৰু জল (কৰ্কট, বৃশ্চিক, মীন)। '''জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰধান গ্ৰন্থসমূহ''' গাৰ্গীয়-জ্যোতিষ বা গৰ্গসংহিতা, গৰ্গ-সংহিতা (বৃদ্ধ গৰ্গ ৰচিত), গৰ্গ হোৰা, বৃহদ পাৰাশৰ হোৰাশাস্ত্ৰ (ঋষি পৰাশৰ ৰচিত), জৈমিনীসূত্ৰ (ঋষি জৈমিনি ৰচিত), স্ফুজিধ্বজ হোৰা বা যৱনজাতক (ৰজা স্ফুজিধ্বজ ৰচিত), সাৰাৱলী (কল্যাণৱৰ্মা), বৃহৎসংহিতা (বৰাহমিহিৰ), বৃহজ্জাতকম্ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), দৈৱজ্ঞৱল্লভ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), ফলদীপিকা (মন্ত্ৰেশ্বৰ), হোৰাসাৰ (পৃথুযাসস), সৰ্বাৰ্থচিন্তামণি (ভেংকটেশ দৈৱজ্ঞ), হোৰাৰত্ন (আচাৰ্য বলভদ্ৰ), জাতক পাৰিজাত (বৈদ্যনাথ দীক্ষিত), চমৎকাৰচিন্তামণি (মেলপাতুৰ নাৰায়ণ ভট্টতিৰি), উত্তৰকালামৃতম্ (গণক কালিদাস), তাজিকনীলকণ্ঠী (নীলাকণ্ঠ), প্ৰশ্নমাৰ্গ (প্ৰণকট্টু নম্বূতিৰি), দশাধ্যায়ী (গোৱিন্দ ভট্টতিৰি)। '''ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰাচীনতা''' ভাৰতীয় আৰ্যসকলৰ মাজত জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ জ্ঞান অতি প্ৰাচীন কালৰ পৰাই আছিল। যজ্ঞসমূহৰ তিথি আদি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ এই বিদ্যাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ ক্ৰমৰ বিষয়ে বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত সদায় উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। যেনে — পুনৰ্বসুৰ পৰা মৃগশিৰা (ঋগবেদ), মৃগশিৰাৰ পৰা ৰোহিণী (ঐতৰেয় ব্ৰাহ্মণ), ৰোহিণীৰ পৰা কৃত্তিকা (তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতা), কৃত্তিকাৰ পৰা ভৰণী (বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ)। তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতাৰ পৰা জানা যায় যে প্ৰাচীনকালত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন কৃত্তিকা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। এই বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰাই বৈদিক বৰ্ষৰ আৰম্ভ বুলি ধৰা হৈছিল, কিন্তু অয়নৰ গণনা মাঘ মাহৰ পৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত বৰ্ষৰ গণনা শৰদ বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। এই দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ গণনা বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়। বৈদিক কালত কোনো সময়ত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰতো পৰিছিল। ইয়াক বাল গংগাধৰ তিলকে ঋগবেদৰ পৰা বহু প্ৰমাণ দি প্ৰমাণ কৰিছে। কিছুমান লোকে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিছে যে বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ এই স্থিতি খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ৪০০০ বছৰৰ আগৰ। সেয়ে এইটো নিশ্চিত যে খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব পাঁচ-ছয় হাজাৰ বছৰৰ আগৰে পৰা হিন্দুসকলে নক্ষত্ৰ, অয়ন আদিৰ জ্ঞান ৰাখিছিল আৰু যজ্ঞৰ বাবে পাত্ৰা বনাইছিল। শৰদ বৰ্ষৰ প্ৰথম মাহৰ নাম আছিল অগ্ৰহায়ণ, যাৰ পূৰ্ণিমা মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। সেয়ে কৃষ্ণই গীতাত কৈছে — 'মাহসমূহৰ ভিতৰত মই মাৰ্গশীৰ্ষ'। প্ৰাচীন হিন্দুসকলে ধ্ৰুৱতাৰাও অতি প্ৰাচীন কালতে আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ সিদ্ধান্ত ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে অন্য কোনো দেশৰ পৰা লোৱা নাছিল; কাৰণ এই বিষয়ে যেতিয়া ইউৰোপত বিতৰ্ক চলিছিল, তাৰ সাত-আঠশ বছৰ আগতেই ভাৰতবাসীয়ে ইয়াৰ গতি আদিৰ নিৰূপণ কৰিছিল। বৰাহমিহিৰৰ সময়ত জ্যোতিষৰ সম্পৰ্কত পাঁচ প্ৰকাৰৰ সিদ্ধান্ত এই দেশত প্ৰচলিত আছিল — সৌৰ, পৈতামহ, বাসিষ্ঠ, পৌলিশ আৰু ৰোমক। সৌৰ সিদ্ধান্ত সম্পৰ্কীয় সূৰ্যসিদ্ধান্ত নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখন কোনো আন প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰন্থৰ আধাৰত ৰচিত যেন লাগে। বৰাহমিহিৰ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মগুপ্ত উভয়ে এই গ্ৰন্থৰ সহায় লৈছিল। এই সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰন্থসমূহত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ ভুজাংশ, স্থান, যুতি, উদয়, অস্ত আদি জনাৰ ক্ৰিয়াসমূহ সবিস্তাৰে দিয়া আছে। অক্ষাংশ আৰু দেশান্তৰৰো বিচাৰ আছে। পূৰ্বকালত দেশান্তৰ লংকা বা উজ্জয়িনীৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে গণনাৰ বাবে পৃথিৱীকেই কেন্দ্ৰ মানি চলিছিল আৰু গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্পষ্ট স্থিতি বা গতি লৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ কক্ষা আদিৰ সম্পৰ্কত তেওঁলোকৰ আৰু আজিৰ গণনাত কিছু পাৰ্থক্য আছে। ক্ৰান্তিবৃত্ত প্ৰথমে ২৮টা নক্ষত্ৰতহে বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাশিবিভাগ পিছৰ পৰা হৈছে। বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত ৰাশিৰ নাম পোৱা নাযায়। এই ৰাশিসমূহৰ যজ্ঞৰ সৈতে কোনো সম্পৰ্ক নাই। বহু পণ্ডিতৰ মতে ৰাশি আৰু দিনৰ নামসমূহ যৱন (গ্ৰীকসকলৰ) সম্পৰ্কৰ পিছৰ। বহু পাৰিভাষিক শব্দও গ্ৰীকসকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছে, যেনে — হোৰা, দৃক্কাণ, কেন্দ্ৰ, ইত্যাদি। '''তথ্যসূত্ৰ''' Census of Exact Sciences in Sanskrit — David Pigaree ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:জ্যোতিষ]] জ্যোতিষ শিকক: [https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ বৈদিক জ্যোতিষ পাঠ্যক্ৰম] ([https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ Vedic Astrology Course]) == বিলোপন প্ৰত্যাহ্বান == beacause there is noarticle on wiki on this topic and i want to create itb lr3w758dgfzo62ys8swbn9d6meakql4 608832 608831 2026-05-26T09:36:22Z Golurambabu 49941 /* বিলোপন প্ৰত্যাহ্বান */ 608832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''জ্যোতিষ''' প্ৰাচীন কালত গ্ৰহ, নক্ষত্ৰ আৰু অন্যান্য খগোলীয় পিণ্ডসমূহৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰাকেই জ্যোতিষ বোলা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ গণিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে স্পষ্টকৈ কোৱা যায় যে বেদসমূহত ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কে স্পষ্ট গণনা দিয়া আছে। ফলিত অংশৰ বিষয়ে বহু পিছত তথ্য পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতীয় আচাৰ্যসকলে ৰচনা কৰা জ্যোতিষৰ পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ সংখ্যা এক লাখতকৈও অধিক। '''শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন''' প্ৰাচীনকালত গণিত আৰু জ্যৌতিষ সমাৰ্থক আছিল, কিন্তু পিছলৈ ইয়াৰ তিনিটা ভাগ হয়। এই তিনিওটা স্কন্ধৰ জ্ঞাতা জনক 'সংহিতাপাৰগ' বোলা হৈছিল। (১) সংহিতা বা শাখা: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতি আৰু অন্যান্য প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিঘটনাৰ বিশ্বত প্ৰভাৱ। এইটো এক বিস্তৃত ভাগ আছিল যত শকুন পৰীক্ষণ, লক্ষণ পৰীক্ষণ আৰু ভৱিষ্যত সূচনৰ বিৱৰণ আছিল। (২) হোৰা বা জাতক: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্থিতিৰ মানৱৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ। ইয়াৰ সম্পৰ্ক কুণ্ডলী বনোৱাৰ সৈতে আছিল। ইয়াৰ তিনিটা উপবিভাগ আছিল — ক) জাতক, খ) যাত্ৰা, গ) বিবাহ। (৩) গণিত: গ্ৰহসমূহৰ গতি আৰু স্থিতিৰ গণনা তথা অন্যান্য খগোলীয় গণনা। ক) সিদ্ধান্ত — মূলভূত গ্ৰন্থ খ) তন্ত্ৰ শাস্ত্ৰ গ) কৰণ — সৰলীকৃত গণনাযুক্ত গ্ৰন্থ; পঞ্চাং বনোৱাৰ বাবে উপযোগী। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তত মূলতঃ দুটা ভাগ থাকে — এটাত গ্ৰহ আদিৰ গণনা আৰু আনটোত সৃষ্টিৰ আৰম্ভ, গোল বিচাৰ, যন্ত্ৰৰচনা আৰু কালগণনা সম্পৰ্কীয় মান থাকে। তন্ত্ৰ আৰু সিদ্ধান্তক সম্পূৰ্ণ পৃথক ৰাখিব নোৱাৰি। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কৰণৰ লক্ষণত এই পাৰ্থক্য আছে যে গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ কল্পাদি বা সৃষ্ট্যাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে সিদ্ধান্ত, মহাযুগাদিৰ পৰা হ'লে তন্ত্ৰ আৰু কোনো ইষ্টশকৰ পৰা (যেনে কলিযুগৰ আৰম্ভৰ পৰা) হ'লে কৰণ বোলা হয়। কেৱল গ্ৰহগণিতৰ দৃষ্টিত চালে এই তিনিওৰ মাজত কোনো পাৰ্থক্য নাই। সিদ্ধান্ত, তন্ত্ৰ বা কৰণ গ্ৰন্থত গ্ৰহগণিতৰ বিচাৰ থকা প্ৰকৰণসমূহ ক্ৰমে এনেধৰণৰ: মধ্যমাধিকাৰ, স্পষ্টাধিকাৰ, ত্ৰিপ্ৰশ্নাধিকাৰ, চন্দ্ৰগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, সূৰ্যগ্ৰহণাধিকাৰ, ছায়াধিকাৰ, উদয়াস্তাধিকাৰ, শৃংগোন্নত্যধিকাৰ, গ্ৰহযুত্যধিকাৰ, যাতাধিকাৰ। 'জ্যোতিষ' শব্দৰ দ্বাৰা নিম্নলিখিতবোৰ বুজিব পৰা যায়: বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ, সিদ্ধান্ত জ্যোতিষ বা গণিত জ্যোতিষ (Theoretical Astronomy), ফলিত জ্যোতিষ (Astrology), অংক জ্যোতিষ (Numerology), খগোল শাস্ত্ৰ (Astronomy)। '''বাৰটা ৰাশি (দ্বাদশ ৰাশি)''' জ্যোতিষ শাস্ত্ৰত ৰাশিচক্ৰক মুঠ বাৰটা ভাগত ভগোৱা হৈছে। প্ৰতিটো ৰাশি ৩০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সমান আৰু সকলো বাৰটা ৰাশি মিলি ৩৬০ ডিগ্ৰীৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ বৃত্ত তৈয়াৰ কৰে। এই বাৰটা ৰাশি ক্ৰমে তলত দিয়া হ'ল: ১. মেষ ৰাশি (Aries) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মেৰ (ভেড়া)। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ২. বৃষ ৰাশি (Taurus) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে ষাঁড়। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৩. মিথুন ৰাশি (Gemini) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে যমজ নৰ-নাৰী। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৪. কৰ্কট ৰাশি (Cancer) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কেঁকোৰা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে চন্দ্ৰ। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৫. সিংহ ৰাশি (Leo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে সিংহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে সূৰ্য। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৬. কন্যা ৰাশি (Virgo) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কুমাৰী কন্যা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বুধ। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৭. তুলা ৰাশি (Libra) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে তুলাদণ্ড। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শুক্ৰ। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৮. বৃশ্চিক ৰাশি (Scorpio) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে বিছা। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে মঙ্গল। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ৯. ধনু ৰাশি (Sagittarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে অৰ্ধ মানৱ অৰ্ধ অশ্ব ধনুৰ্ধৰ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি অগ্নি তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১০. মকৰ ৰাশি (Capricorn) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে মকৰ মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি পৃথিৱী তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১১. কুম্ভ ৰাশি (Aquarius) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে কলহ বহন কৰা মানুহ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে শনি। এই ৰাশি বায়ু তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। ১২. মীন ৰাশি (Pisces) — ইয়াৰ চিহ্ন হৈছে দুটা মাছ। ইয়াৰ স্বামী গ্ৰহ হৈছে বৃহস্পতি। এই ৰাশি জল তত্ত্বৰ অন্তৰ্গত। এই বাৰটা ৰাশিক চাৰিটা তত্ত্বত ভগোৱা হয় — অগ্নি (মেষ, সিংহ, ধনু), পৃথিৱী (বৃষ, কন্যা, মকৰ), বায়ু (মিথুন, তুলা, কুম্ভ) আৰু জল (কৰ্কট, বৃশ্চিক, মীন)। '''জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰধান গ্ৰন্থসমূহ''' গাৰ্গীয়-জ্যোতিষ বা গৰ্গসংহিতা, গৰ্গ-সংহিতা (বৃদ্ধ গৰ্গ ৰচিত), গৰ্গ হোৰা, বৃহদ পাৰাশৰ হোৰাশাস্ত্ৰ (ঋষি পৰাশৰ ৰচিত), জৈমিনীসূত্ৰ (ঋষি জৈমিনি ৰচিত), স্ফুজিধ্বজ হোৰা বা যৱনজাতক (ৰজা স্ফুজিধ্বজ ৰচিত), সাৰাৱলী (কল্যাণৱৰ্মা), বৃহৎসংহিতা (বৰাহমিহিৰ), বৃহজ্জাতকম্ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), দৈৱজ্ঞৱল্লভ (বৰাহমিহিৰ), ফলদীপিকা (মন্ত্ৰেশ্বৰ), হোৰাসাৰ (পৃথুযাসস), সৰ্বাৰ্থচিন্তামণি (ভেংকটেশ দৈৱজ্ঞ), হোৰাৰত্ন (আচাৰ্য বলভদ্ৰ), জাতক পাৰিজাত (বৈদ্যনাথ দীক্ষিত), চমৎকাৰচিন্তামণি (মেলপাতুৰ নাৰায়ণ ভট্টতিৰি), উত্তৰকালামৃতম্ (গণক কালিদাস), তাজিকনীলকণ্ঠী (নীলাকণ্ঠ), প্ৰশ্নমাৰ্গ (প্ৰণকট্টু নম্বূতিৰি), দশাধ্যায়ী (গোৱিন্দ ভট্টতিৰি)। '''ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষৰ প্ৰাচীনতা''' ভাৰতীয় আৰ্যসকলৰ মাজত জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ জ্ঞান অতি প্ৰাচীন কালৰ পৰাই আছিল। যজ্ঞসমূহৰ তিথি আদি নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ এই বিদ্যাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ ক্ৰমৰ বিষয়ে বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত সদায় উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। যেনে — পুনৰ্বসুৰ পৰা মৃগশিৰা (ঋগবেদ), মৃগশিৰাৰ পৰা ৰোহিণী (ঐতৰেয় ব্ৰাহ্মণ), ৰোহিণীৰ পৰা কৃত্তিকা (তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতা), কৃত্তিকাৰ পৰা ভৰণী (বেদাঙ্গ জ্যোতিষ)। তৈত্তিৰীয় সংহিতাৰ পৰা জানা যায় যে প্ৰাচীনকালত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন কৃত্তিকা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। এই বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰাই বৈদিক বৰ্ষৰ আৰম্ভ বুলি ধৰা হৈছিল, কিন্তু অয়নৰ গণনা মাঘ মাহৰ পৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত বৰ্ষৰ গণনা শৰদ বিষুৱদিনৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। এই দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ গণনা বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়। বৈদিক কালত কোনো সময়ত বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিন মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰতো পৰিছিল। ইয়াক বাল গংগাধৰ তিলকে ঋগবেদৰ পৰা বহু প্ৰমাণ দি প্ৰমাণ কৰিছে। কিছুমান লোকে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিছে যে বাসন্তী বিষুৱদিনৰ এই স্থিতি খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ৪০০০ বছৰৰ আগৰ। সেয়ে এইটো নিশ্চিত যে খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব পাঁচ-ছয় হাজাৰ বছৰৰ আগৰে পৰা হিন্দুসকলে নক্ষত্ৰ, অয়ন আদিৰ জ্ঞান ৰাখিছিল আৰু যজ্ঞৰ বাবে পাত্ৰা বনাইছিল। শৰদ বৰ্ষৰ প্ৰথম মাহৰ নাম আছিল অগ্ৰহায়ণ, যাৰ পূৰ্ণিমা মৃগশিৰা নক্ষত্ৰত পৰিছিল। সেয়ে কৃষ্ণই গীতাত কৈছে — 'মাহসমূহৰ ভিতৰত মই মাৰ্গশীৰ্ষ'। প্ৰাচীন হিন্দুসকলে ধ্ৰুৱতাৰাও অতি প্ৰাচীন কালতে আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল। অয়ন চলনৰ সিদ্ধান্ত ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে অন্য কোনো দেশৰ পৰা লোৱা নাছিল; কাৰণ এই বিষয়ে যেতিয়া ইউৰোপত বিতৰ্ক চলিছিল, তাৰ সাত-আঠশ বছৰ আগতেই ভাৰতবাসীয়ে ইয়াৰ গতি আদিৰ নিৰূপণ কৰিছিল। বৰাহমিহিৰৰ সময়ত জ্যোতিষৰ সম্পৰ্কত পাঁচ প্ৰকাৰৰ সিদ্ধান্ত এই দেশত প্ৰচলিত আছিল — সৌৰ, পৈতামহ, বাসিষ্ঠ, পৌলিশ আৰু ৰোমক। সৌৰ সিদ্ধান্ত সম্পৰ্কীয় সূৰ্যসিদ্ধান্ত নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখন কোনো আন প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰন্থৰ আধাৰত ৰচিত যেন লাগে। বৰাহমিহিৰ আৰু ব্ৰহ্মগুপ্ত উভয়ে এই গ্ৰন্থৰ সহায় লৈছিল। এই সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰন্থসমূহত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ ভুজাংশ, স্থান, যুতি, উদয়, অস্ত আদি জনাৰ ক্ৰিয়াসমূহ সবিস্তাৰে দিয়া আছে। অক্ষাংশ আৰু দেশান্তৰৰো বিচাৰ আছে। পূৰ্বকালত দেশান্তৰ লংকা বা উজ্জয়িনীৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছিল। ভাৰতীয় জ্যোতিষীসকলে গণনাৰ বাবে পৃথিৱীকেই কেন্দ্ৰ মানি চলিছিল আৰু গ্ৰহসমূহৰ স্পষ্ট স্থিতি বা গতি লৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত গ্ৰহসমূহৰ কক্ষা আদিৰ সম্পৰ্কত তেওঁলোকৰ আৰু আজিৰ গণনাত কিছু পাৰ্থক্য আছে। ক্ৰান্তিবৃত্ত প্ৰথমে ২৮টা নক্ষত্ৰতহে বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাশিবিভাগ পিছৰ পৰা হৈছে। বৈদিক গ্ৰন্থসমূহত ৰাশিৰ নাম পোৱা নাযায়। এই ৰাশিসমূহৰ যজ্ঞৰ সৈতে কোনো সম্পৰ্ক নাই। বহু পণ্ডিতৰ মতে ৰাশি আৰু দিনৰ নামসমূহ যৱন (গ্ৰীকসকলৰ) সম্পৰ্কৰ পিছৰ। বহু পাৰিভাষিক শব্দও গ্ৰীকসকলৰ পৰা লোৱা হৈছে, যেনে — হোৰা, দৃক্কাণ, কেন্দ্ৰ, ইত্যাদি। '''তথ্যসূত্ৰ''' Census of Exact Sciences in Sanskrit — David Pigaree ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:জ্যোতিষ]] জ্যোতিষ শিকক: [https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ বৈদিক জ্যোতিষ পাঠ্যক্ৰম] ([https://www.academyofvedicvidya.com/professional-vedic-astrology/ Vedic Astrology Course]) == বিলোপন প্ৰত্যাহ্বান == because there is no article on wiki on this topic and i want to create it hz6dhdax9vnfpe3f8hcaiw0kb38gz5q 0 136975 608633 608592 2026-05-25T14:32:03Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* নামৰ উৎপত্তি */ 608633 wikitext text/x-wiki '''গন্ধিয়া''' ({{Lang-en|Gandhia}}) হ'ল অসমৰ [[নলবাৰী জিলা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত এখন গাঁও৷<ref name="Census2011">{{Cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/303666-gandhia-assam.html |title=Gandhia Village Population - Pachim Nalbari - Nalbari, Assam |website=Census2011.co.in |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref name="VillCo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.vill.co.in/assam/nalbari/pachim-nalbari-323021330/gandhia-021333036660/amp/ |title=Gandhia Village in Pachim Nalbari, Nalbari, Assam |website=Vill.co.in |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> এই গাঁৱখন [[নলবাৰী]] চহৰৰ পৰা ১২ কিলোমিটাৰ উত্তৰ পশ্চিম দিশত অৱস্থিত৷<ref name="VillageInfo">{{Cite web |url=https://villageinfo.in/assam/nalbari/pachim-nalbari/gandhia/ |title=Gandhia Village in Pachim Nalbari (Nalbari) Assam |website=VillageInfo.in |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> গাঁৱখন [[টিহু]] বিধানসভা সমষ্টিৰ পশ্চিম নলবাৰী ৰাজহ চক্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত৷ গন্ধিয়াক অসমৰ জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়৷<ref name="ETVBharat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/as/!state/nalbari-gandhia-village-is-known-for-its-deep-historical-roots-and-connection-to-the-study-of-astrology-assam-news-ass25082401256 |title=নলবাৰীৰ গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ ইতিহাস আৰু জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ পৰম্পৰা |website=ETV Bharat Assam |language=as |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref name="News18Assam">{{Cite web |url=https://assam.news18.com/amp/news/assam/a-village-of-assam-known-for-astrology-local18-skd-341048.html |title=জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ বাবে বিখ্যাত অসমৰ গন্ধিয়া গাঁও |website=News18 Assam North East |language=as |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> ==নামৰ উৎপত্তি== জনবিশ্বাস অনুসৰি এই গাঁওখনত [[বিল্বেশ্বৰ দেৱালয়]]ৰ পূজা-অৰ্চনাৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজন হোৱা ফুলৰ বাগিছা পাতিছিল। বাগিছাৰ ফুলৰ গোন্ধেৰে ঠাইখিনি আমোলমোলাই থকা বাবে গাঁৱখনৰ নাম ''গন্ধিয়া'' হয়৷<ref>{{cite book|last=শৰ্মা|first=মৃগেন|title=অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ সম্ভাৰ |publisher=অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদ|location=গুৱাহাটী-৭৮১০২১ |year=২০০৮|page=৪৬}}</ref> ==জনসংখ্যা== ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লৰ চৰকাৰী তথ্য অনুসৰি অসমৰ নলবাৰী জিলাৰ পশ্চিম নলবাৰী ৰাজহ চক্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ মুঠ জনসংখ্যা হৈছে ১,৮২৬ জন।<ref name="Census2011"/> ইয়াৰে পুৰুষৰ সংখ্যা ৯২২ জন আৰু মহিলাৰ সংখ্যা ৯০৪ গৰাকী।<ref name="VillageInfo"/> গাঁওখনৰ সামগ্ৰিক সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ হৈছে ৮৮.৮৮%। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত পুৰুষৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৯৪.৩৭% আৰু মহিলাৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৮৩.১৬%। ==ইতিহাস আৰু ধৰ্মীয় পৰম্পৰা== ঐতিহাসিক তথ্য আৰু জনবিশ্বাস অনুসৰি গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ ইতিহাস ৰজা নাগাক্ষৰ শাসনকালৰ সৈতে জড়িত। এই গাঁওখনক অসমৰ দ্বিতীয়টো ''নৱগ্ৰহ ধাম'' বা নৱগ্ৰহ মন্দিৰৰ স্থলী বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়, যাৰ বাবে এই অঞ্চলটো বৈদিক জ্যোতিষশাস্ত্ৰ, পুৰণি [[সাঁচিপাত]]ৰ লিপি আৰু সংস্কৃত চৰ্চাৰ এক প্ৰাচীন কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে গঢ়ি উঠিছে। ধৰ্মীয় দিশৰ পৰা গাঁওখন যথেষ্ট চহকী। ইয়াত থকা উল্লেখনীয় উপাসনা স্থলসমূহৰ ভিতৰত শ্ৰী শ্ৰী নৱগ্ৰহ মন্দিৰ, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী মনসা মন্দিৰ, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কালী মন্দিৰ, লক্ষ্মী মন্দিৰ আৰু জগন্নাথ মন্দিৰ অন্যতম।<ref name="ETVBharat"/> ===কান্দেনী আই মন্দিৰ=== কান্দেনী আই মন্দিৰ গন্ধিয়াৰ এক প্ৰাচীন ধৰ্মীয় আৰু ঐতিহাসিক স্থান। জনশ্ৰুতি অনুসৰি এই মন্দিৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰায় ষোল্ল শতিকাৰ। সেই সময়ত বংগদেশত চৈতন্যদেৱে বৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰচাৰ কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ শিষ্য চিন্তামণি গোস্বামীয়ে গন্ধিয়াত আহি আল্লীবাড়ী সত্ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। পিছত তেওঁৰ সহধৰ্ম্মিণী ধৰ্মেশ্বৰী দেৱীয়েও গন্ধিয়াত আহি স্বামীৰ সৈতে বাস কৰিবলৈ ধৰে। কিছুদিন পিছত চিন্তামণি গোস্বামী বংগদেশলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু তাতেই তেওঁৰ মহাপ্ৰয়াণ ঘটে। এই সংবাদ পাই গন্ধিয়াত থকা ধৰ্মেশ্বৰী দেৱী গভীৰ শোকত ভাগি পৰে। স্বামীৰ বিয়োগত তেওঁ সদায় কান্দি অধীৰ হৈ থকা বুলি জনশ্ৰুতি আছে। কিছুদিন পিছত ধৰ্মেশ্বৰী দেৱীৰো দেহাৱসান ঘটে। কান্দি কান্দি স্বৰ্গগামিনী হোৱা বাবে স্থানীয় লোকসকলে তেওঁক ''কান্দেনী আই'' নামেৰে সম্বোধন কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত গাঁওবাসীয়ে তেওঁৰ সোঁৱৰণত ''কান্দেনী আই মন্দিৰ'' নিৰ্মাণ কৰে।<ref>{{cite book |last=ভট্টাচাৰ্য |first=প্ৰণৱেশ |title=অবিভক্ত কামৰূপৰ মঠ-মন্দিৰ, দৌল-দেৱালয় |publisher=প্ৰণৱেশ ভট্টাচাৰ্য |pages=৪৬–৪৯}}</ref> == জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চা == গন্ধিয়া প্ৰাচীন কালৰে পৰা জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে পৰিচিত। ড° নিৰ্মলপ্ৰভা বৰদলৈৰ মতে, পাল বংশীয় ৰজা ধৰ্মপালৰ সময়ৰ পৰাই গন্ধিয়াৰ জ্যোতিষীসকলে ভূমিদান লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু অঞ্চলটোত গণিত তথা ফলিত জ্যোতিষৰ চৰ্চা চলি আহিছিল। কামৰূপীয় জ্যোতিষ পদ্ধতিৰ নিজস্ব গণনাপদ্ধতি আৰু দ্ৰাঘিমা-অক্ষৰেখাৰ পৃথক হিচাপ গন্ধিয়াৰ জ্যোতিষীসকলে অনুসৰণ কৰিছিল বুলি ড° পৰাগ কুমাৰ ভট্টাচাৰ্যই উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite book |last=বৰদলৈ |first=নিৰ্মলপ্ৰভা |title=সূৰ্য্য-গ্ৰন্থ |publisher=সাহিত্য প্ৰকাশ |page=১১০}}</ref> অতীতত গন্ধিয়াত ডেৰশৰো অধিক সংস্কৃত আৰু জ্যোতিষৰ টোল আছিল, য’ত অসমৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰ লগতে পশ্চিমবংগ আদিৰ ছাত্ৰসকলে শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ১৯০২ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত ''জীৱানন্দ জ্যোতিৰ্বিদ্যালয়''ত সংস্কৃত ভাষাৰ লগতে জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ শিক্ষাও প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book |title=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি |editor=দীপিকা দেৱী |publisher=গন্ধিয়া জ্যোতিষ পৰিষদ |pages=১২–৩২}}</ref> গন্ধিয়াৰ বহু জ্যোতিষীয়ে অসমীয়াৰ সমাজ-সংস্কৃতিত বিশেষ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে। জ্যোতিষী ৰবীন্দ্ৰ কুমাৰ ভট্টাচাৰ্যই ''কালপুৰুষ পূৰ্ণাংগ পঞ্জিকা''সহ কেইবাখনো অসমীয়া পঞ্জিকা সম্পাদনা কৰিছিল আৰু জ্যোতিষ শিক্ষাৰ প্ৰসাৰত অৰিহণা যোগাইছিল। ১৯৮২ চনত স্থাপিত ‘গন্ধিয়া জ্যোতিষ পৰিষদ’ৰ জৰিয়তে অসম আৰু উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বহু শিক্ষাৰ্থীক জ্যোতিষ শিক্ষা প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book |title=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি |editor=দীপিকা দেৱী |publisher=গন্ধিয়া জ্যোতিষ পৰিষদ |pages=১২–৩২}}</ref> ==অৰ্থনীতি আৰু জীৱিকা== ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লৰ প্ৰতিবেদন অনুসৰি গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ মুঠ জনসংখ্যাৰ ভিতৰত ৫৮১ জন লোক কাৰ্যক্ষম বা অৰ্থনৈতিকভাৱে সক্ৰিয়, যাৰ ভিতৰত ৪১৮ জন পুৰুষ আৰু ১৬৩ গৰাকী মহিলা।<ref name="Census2011"/> কৰ্মৰত লোকসকলৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰায় ৬৭.৪৭% লোকে মূল জীৱিকা (বছৰটোৰ ৬ মাহতকৈ বেছি সময় কাম কৰা) হিচাপে কৃষিকৰ্ম, ব্যৱসায় আৰু চাকৰিৰ সৈতে জড়িত। বাকী ৩২.৫৩% লোক উপান্ত বা প্ৰান্তীয় কৰ্মী (বছৰটোৰ ৬ মাহতকৈ কম সময় কাম কৰা) হিচাপে কৰ্মৰত হৈ আছে।<ref name="VillageInfo"/> গাঁওখনৰ মূল অৰ্থনীতি কৃষিকৰ্মৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল হ'লেও জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যা আৰু শৈক্ষিক ক্ষেত্ৰৰ সৈতেও বহু লোক জড়িত।<ref name="News18Assam"/> ==শিক্ষা== গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ শৈক্ষিক পৰিৱেশ যথেষ্ট উন্নত আৰু ইয়াৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ উল্লেখনীয়ভাৱে উচ্চ। ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি, গাঁওখনৰ সামগ্ৰিক সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ হৈছে ৮৮.৮৮%, যিটো অসমৰ ৰাজ্যিক গড় সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ (৭২.১৯%)তকৈ বহু বেছি।<ref name="Census2011"/> ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত পুৰুষৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৯৪.৩৭% হোৱাৰ বিপৰীতে মহিলাৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ হৈছে ৮৩.১৬%।<ref name="VillageInfo"/> ==উল্লেখযোগ্য ব্যক্তি== #ড° প্ৰমোদলাল শৰ্মা: আমেৰিকা নিবাসী ড° শৰ্মাই বিজ্ঞানলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অৱদানৰ বাবে বিশ্বযুৰি সমাদৃত হৈছিল৷<ref>{{cite book |title=ব্যক্তি আৰু ব্যক্তিত্ব |editor=অৰূপ ৰঞ্জন বৰ্মন; ৰাজেন বৈশ্য |publisher=অসম সাহিত্য সভাৰ চতুৰ্থ দ্বি-বাৰ্ষিক বেলশৰ অধিৱেশন}}</ref> #পুৰুষোত্তম ভট্টাচাৰ্য: জ্যোতিষ পণ্ডিত৷ # ডাঃ শৰৎ ভাগৱতী: চিকিৎসক। #পৰিক্ষীত শৰ্মা: কম্পাউণ্ডাৰ। তেওঁৰ চিকিৎসা সেৱাৰ বাবে তেওঁক ''পৰীক্ষিত ডাক্তৰ'' বুলি জনা গৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title= |last=শৰ্মা |first=মৃগেন |newspaper=আজিৰ অসম |date=১১ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০০২ |page=৪}}</ref> #ড° পৰাগ ভট্টাচাৰ্য: শিক্ষাবিদ, সাহিত্যিক তথা অসমৰ চৰকাৰৰ সাহিত্যিক পেঞ্চনাৰ৷ #ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ ভট্টাচাৰ্য: জ্যোতিষী৷<ref>{{cite book |title=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি |editor=দীপিকা দেৱী |page=৩০৬}}</ref> #প্ৰণৱপ্ৰাণ ভট্টাচাৰ্য: সাহিত্যিক৷ তেওঁৰ তেৰখন গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশ পাইছে ৷ ইয়াৰে ভিতৰত ''নক্ষত্ৰৰ দৰে জাগ্ৰত'' উপন্যাসৰ বাবে [[অসম সাহিত্য সভা]]ৰ ''গিৰিধৰ শৰ্মা সোঁৱৰণি বঁটা'' আৰু আৰু ''নিৰ্মম কালবেলা'' উপন্যাসৰ বাবে ''[[অম্বিকাগিৰী ৰায়চৌধুৰী]] বঁটা'' লাভ কৰিছে৷{{উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন}} #দেৱেশ্বৰ শৰ্মা: ভ্ৰাম্যমান থিয়েটাৰৰ এগৰাকী গীতিকাৰ৷ #ডাঃ যতীন ভাগৱতী: ‌ডিব্ৰুগড় মেডিকেল কলেজৰ অধ্যাপক তথা চিকিৎসা শাস্ত্ৰৰ গৱেষক৷ #পৰাগ শৰ্মা: অভিনেতা। তেওঁৰ পিতৃগৃহ গন্ধিয়াত আছিল৷{{উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন}} #[[মৃগেন শৰ্মা]]: সাহিত্যিক। তেওঁৰ প্ৰকাশিত গ্ৰন্থৰ ভিতৰত ২০০৮ চনত অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদে প্ৰকাশ কৰা ''অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ সম্ভাৰ''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://agnee.tezu.ernet.in:8999/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=47855 |title=Library catalogue entry for works by Mrigen Sarma |website=Tezpur University Library (KOHA OPAC) |publisher=Tezpur University |access-date=14 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book-author/mrigen+sarma/ |title=Books by Mrigen Sarma |website=Exotic India Art |publisher=Exotic India Art Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=14 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.451773 |title=অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ সম্ভাৰ |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Digital Library of India |access-date=14 December 2025 |language=as}}</ref> উল্লেখযোগ্য। ==সামাজিক অনুষ্ঠান== ===পুথিভঁৰাল=== গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱত ৰজাদিনীয়া সাঁচিপাত আৰু তুলাপাতৰ পুথিৰে সমৃদ্ধ শতবৰ্ষ গৰকা এটা পুথিভঁৰাল আছে৷ নলবাৰী তথা বৃহত্তৰ উত্তৰ কামৰূপৰ এটা বিশেষ গ্ৰন্থাগাৰটো ৰজাদিনীয়া সমলৰে পূৰিপূৰ্ণ৷ এই গ্ৰন্থাগাৰত আছে ৮০০ৰো অধিক সাঁচিপাতৰ পুথি আৰু তুলাপাতৰ পুথি।<ref name="ETVBharat"/> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ গাঁও]] amfxk03ez0vjj66583643inobz0redn 608634 608633 2026-05-25T14:34:04Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608634 wikitext text/x-wiki '''গন্ধিয়া''' ({{Lang-en|Gandhia}}) হ'ল অসমৰ [[নলবাৰী জিলা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত এখন গাঁও৷<ref name="Census2011">{{Cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/303666-gandhia-assam.html |title=Gandhia Village Population - Pachim Nalbari - Nalbari, Assam |website=Census2011.co.in |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref name="VillCo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.vill.co.in/assam/nalbari/pachim-nalbari-323021330/gandhia-021333036660/amp/ |title=Gandhia Village in Pachim Nalbari, Nalbari, Assam |website=Vill.co.in |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> এই গাঁৱখন [[নলবাৰী]] চহৰৰ পৰা ১২ কিলোমিটাৰ উত্তৰ পশ্চিম দিশত অৱস্থিত৷<ref name="VillageInfo">{{Cite web |url=https://villageinfo.in/assam/nalbari/pachim-nalbari/gandhia/ |title=Gandhia Village in Pachim Nalbari (Nalbari) Assam |website=VillageInfo.in |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> গাঁৱখন [[টিহু]] বিধানসভা সমষ্টিৰ পশ্চিম নলবাৰী ৰাজহ চক্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত৷ গন্ধিয়াক অসমৰ জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়৷<ref name="ETVBharat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/as/!state/nalbari-gandhia-village-is-known-for-its-deep-historical-roots-and-connection-to-the-study-of-astrology-assam-news-ass25082401256 |title=নলবাৰীৰ গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ ইতিহাস আৰু জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ পৰম্পৰা |website=ETV Bharat Assam |language=as |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref name="News18Assam">{{Cite web |url=https://assam.news18.com/amp/news/assam/a-village-of-assam-known-for-astrology-local18-skd-341048.html |title=জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ বাবে বিখ্যাত অসমৰ গন্ধিয়া গাঁও |website=News18 Assam North East |language=as |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> ==নামৰ উৎপত্তি== জনবিশ্বাস অনুসৰি এই গাঁওখনত [[বিল্বেশ্বৰ দেৱালয়]]ৰ পূজা-অৰ্চনাৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজন হোৱা ফুলৰ বাগিছা পাতিছিল। বাগিছাৰ ফুলৰ গোন্ধেৰে ঠাইখিনি আমোলমোলাই থকা বাবে গাঁৱখনৰ নাম ''গন্ধিয়া'' হয়৷<ref>{{cite book|last=শৰ্মা|first=মৃগেন|title=অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ সম্ভাৰ |publisher=অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদ|location=গুৱাহাটী-৭৮১০২১ |year=২০০৮|page=৪৬}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=শৰ্মা|first=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ |title=এখন প্ৰাচীন গাঁওৰ ইতিহাস |edition=দ্বিতীয় প্ৰকাশ |publisher=জ্ঞানদীপ|location=গুৱাহাটী-২৫}}</ref> ==জনসংখ্যা== ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লৰ চৰকাৰী তথ্য অনুসৰি অসমৰ নলবাৰী জিলাৰ পশ্চিম নলবাৰী ৰাজহ চক্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ মুঠ জনসংখ্যা হৈছে ১,৮২৬ জন।<ref name="Census2011"/> ইয়াৰে পুৰুষৰ সংখ্যা ৯২২ জন আৰু মহিলাৰ সংখ্যা ৯০৪ গৰাকী।<ref name="VillageInfo"/> গাঁওখনৰ সামগ্ৰিক সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ হৈছে ৮৮.৮৮%। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত পুৰুষৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৯৪.৩৭% আৰু মহিলাৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৮৩.১৬%। ==ইতিহাস আৰু ধৰ্মীয় পৰম্পৰা== ঐতিহাসিক তথ্য আৰু জনবিশ্বাস অনুসৰি গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ ইতিহাস ৰজা নাগাক্ষৰ শাসনকালৰ সৈতে জড়িত। এই গাঁওখনক অসমৰ দ্বিতীয়টো ''নৱগ্ৰহ ধাম'' বা নৱগ্ৰহ মন্দিৰৰ স্থলী বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়, যাৰ বাবে এই অঞ্চলটো বৈদিক জ্যোতিষশাস্ত্ৰ, পুৰণি [[সাঁচিপাত]]ৰ লিপি আৰু সংস্কৃত চৰ্চাৰ এক প্ৰাচীন কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে গঢ়ি উঠিছে। ধৰ্মীয় দিশৰ পৰা গাঁওখন যথেষ্ট চহকী। ইয়াত থকা উল্লেখনীয় উপাসনা স্থলসমূহৰ ভিতৰত শ্ৰী শ্ৰী নৱগ্ৰহ মন্দিৰ, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী মনসা মন্দিৰ, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কালী মন্দিৰ, লক্ষ্মী মন্দিৰ আৰু জগন্নাথ মন্দিৰ অন্যতম।<ref name="ETVBharat"/> ===কান্দেনী আই মন্দিৰ=== কান্দেনী আই মন্দিৰ গন্ধিয়াৰ এক প্ৰাচীন ধৰ্মীয় আৰু ঐতিহাসিক স্থান। জনশ্ৰুতি অনুসৰি এই মন্দিৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰায় ষোল্ল শতিকাৰ। সেই সময়ত বংগদেশত চৈতন্যদেৱে বৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰচাৰ কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ শিষ্য চিন্তামণি গোস্বামীয়ে গন্ধিয়াত আহি আল্লীবাড়ী সত্ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। পিছত তেওঁৰ সহধৰ্ম্মিণী ধৰ্মেশ্বৰী দেৱীয়েও গন্ধিয়াত আহি স্বামীৰ সৈতে বাস কৰিবলৈ ধৰে। কিছুদিন পিছত চিন্তামণি গোস্বামী বংগদেশলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু তাতেই তেওঁৰ মহাপ্ৰয়াণ ঘটে। এই সংবাদ পাই গন্ধিয়াত থকা ধৰ্মেশ্বৰী দেৱী গভীৰ শোকত ভাগি পৰে। স্বামীৰ বিয়োগত তেওঁ সদায় কান্দি অধীৰ হৈ থকা বুলি জনশ্ৰুতি আছে। কিছুদিন পিছত ধৰ্মেশ্বৰী দেৱীৰো দেহাৱসান ঘটে। কান্দি কান্দি স্বৰ্গগামিনী হোৱা বাবে স্থানীয় লোকসকলে তেওঁক ''কান্দেনী আই'' নামেৰে সম্বোধন কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত গাঁওবাসীয়ে তেওঁৰ সোঁৱৰণত ''কান্দেনী আই মন্দিৰ'' নিৰ্মাণ কৰে।<ref>{{cite book |last=ভট্টাচাৰ্য |first=প্ৰণৱেশ |title=অবিভক্ত কামৰূপৰ মঠ-মন্দিৰ, দৌল-দেৱালয় |publisher=প্ৰণৱেশ ভট্টাচাৰ্য |pages=৪৬–৪৯}}</ref> == জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চা == গন্ধিয়া প্ৰাচীন কালৰে পৰা জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে পৰিচিত। ড° নিৰ্মলপ্ৰভা বৰদলৈৰ মতে, পাল বংশীয় ৰজা ধৰ্মপালৰ সময়ৰ পৰাই গন্ধিয়াৰ জ্যোতিষীসকলে ভূমিদান লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু অঞ্চলটোত গণিত তথা ফলিত জ্যোতিষৰ চৰ্চা চলি আহিছিল। কামৰূপীয় জ্যোতিষ পদ্ধতিৰ নিজস্ব গণনাপদ্ধতি আৰু দ্ৰাঘিমা-অক্ষৰেখাৰ পৃথক হিচাপ গন্ধিয়াৰ জ্যোতিষীসকলে অনুসৰণ কৰিছিল বুলি ড° পৰাগ কুমাৰ ভট্টাচাৰ্যই উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite book |last=বৰদলৈ |first=নিৰ্মলপ্ৰভা |title=সূৰ্য্য-গ্ৰন্থ |publisher=সাহিত্য প্ৰকাশ |page=১১০}}</ref> অতীতত গন্ধিয়াত ডেৰশৰো অধিক সংস্কৃত আৰু জ্যোতিষৰ টোল আছিল, য’ত অসমৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰ লগতে পশ্চিমবংগ আদিৰ ছাত্ৰসকলে শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ১৯০২ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত ''জীৱানন্দ জ্যোতিৰ্বিদ্যালয়''ত সংস্কৃত ভাষাৰ লগতে জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ শিক্ষাও প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book |title=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি |editor=দীপিকা দেৱী |publisher=গন্ধিয়া জ্যোতিষ পৰিষদ |pages=১২–৩২}}</ref> গন্ধিয়াৰ বহু জ্যোতিষীয়ে অসমীয়াৰ সমাজ-সংস্কৃতিত বিশেষ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে। জ্যোতিষী ৰবীন্দ্ৰ কুমাৰ ভট্টাচাৰ্যই ''কালপুৰুষ পূৰ্ণাংগ পঞ্জিকা''সহ কেইবাখনো অসমীয়া পঞ্জিকা সম্পাদনা কৰিছিল আৰু জ্যোতিষ শিক্ষাৰ প্ৰসাৰত অৰিহণা যোগাইছিল। ১৯৮২ চনত স্থাপিত ‘গন্ধিয়া জ্যোতিষ পৰিষদ’ৰ জৰিয়তে অসম আৰু উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বহু শিক্ষাৰ্থীক জ্যোতিষ শিক্ষা প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book |title=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি |editor=দীপিকা দেৱী |publisher=গন্ধিয়া জ্যোতিষ পৰিষদ |pages=১২–৩২}}</ref> ==অৰ্থনীতি আৰু জীৱিকা== ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লৰ প্ৰতিবেদন অনুসৰি গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ মুঠ জনসংখ্যাৰ ভিতৰত ৫৮১ জন লোক কাৰ্যক্ষম বা অৰ্থনৈতিকভাৱে সক্ৰিয়, যাৰ ভিতৰত ৪১৮ জন পুৰুষ আৰু ১৬৩ গৰাকী মহিলা।<ref name="Census2011"/> কৰ্মৰত লোকসকলৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰায় ৬৭.৪৭% লোকে মূল জীৱিকা (বছৰটোৰ ৬ মাহতকৈ বেছি সময় কাম কৰা) হিচাপে কৃষিকৰ্ম, ব্যৱসায় আৰু চাকৰিৰ সৈতে জড়িত। বাকী ৩২.৫৩% লোক উপান্ত বা প্ৰান্তীয় কৰ্মী (বছৰটোৰ ৬ মাহতকৈ কম সময় কাম কৰা) হিচাপে কৰ্মৰত হৈ আছে।<ref name="VillageInfo"/> গাঁওখনৰ মূল অৰ্থনীতি কৃষিকৰ্মৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল হ'লেও জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যা আৰু শৈক্ষিক ক্ষেত্ৰৰ সৈতেও বহু লোক জড়িত।<ref name="News18Assam"/> ==শিক্ষা== গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ শৈক্ষিক পৰিৱেশ যথেষ্ট উন্নত আৰু ইয়াৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ উল্লেখনীয়ভাৱে উচ্চ। ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি, গাঁওখনৰ সামগ্ৰিক সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ হৈছে ৮৮.৮৮%, যিটো অসমৰ ৰাজ্যিক গড় সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ (৭২.১৯%)তকৈ বহু বেছি।<ref name="Census2011"/> ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত পুৰুষৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৯৪.৩৭% হোৱাৰ বিপৰীতে মহিলাৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ হৈছে ৮৩.১৬%।<ref name="VillageInfo"/> ==উল্লেখযোগ্য ব্যক্তি== #ড° প্ৰমোদলাল শৰ্মা: আমেৰিকা নিবাসী ড° শৰ্মাই বিজ্ঞানলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অৱদানৰ বাবে বিশ্বযুৰি সমাদৃত হৈছিল৷<ref>{{cite book |title=ব্যক্তি আৰু ব্যক্তিত্ব |editor=অৰূপ ৰঞ্জন বৰ্মন; ৰাজেন বৈশ্য |publisher=অসম সাহিত্য সভাৰ চতুৰ্থ দ্বি-বাৰ্ষিক বেলশৰ অধিৱেশন}}</ref> #পুৰুষোত্তম ভট্টাচাৰ্য: জ্যোতিষ পণ্ডিত৷ # ডাঃ শৰৎ ভাগৱতী: চিকিৎসক। #পৰিক্ষীত শৰ্মা: কম্পাউণ্ডাৰ। তেওঁৰ চিকিৎসা সেৱাৰ বাবে তেওঁক ''পৰীক্ষিত ডাক্তৰ'' বুলি জনা গৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title= |last=শৰ্মা |first=মৃগেন |newspaper=আজিৰ অসম |date=১১ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০০২ |page=৪}}</ref> #ড° পৰাগ ভট্টাচাৰ্য: শিক্ষাবিদ, সাহিত্যিক তথা অসমৰ চৰকাৰৰ সাহিত্যিক পেঞ্চনাৰ৷ #ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ ভট্টাচাৰ্য: জ্যোতিষী৷<ref>{{cite book |title=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি |editor=দীপিকা দেৱী |page=৩০৬}}</ref> #প্ৰণৱপ্ৰাণ ভট্টাচাৰ্য: সাহিত্যিক৷ তেওঁৰ তেৰখন গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশ পাইছে ৷ ইয়াৰে ভিতৰত ''নক্ষত্ৰৰ দৰে জাগ্ৰত'' উপন্যাসৰ বাবে [[অসম সাহিত্য সভা]]ৰ ''গিৰিধৰ শৰ্মা সোঁৱৰণি বঁটা'' আৰু আৰু ''নিৰ্মম কালবেলা'' উপন্যাসৰ বাবে ''[[অম্বিকাগিৰী ৰায়চৌধুৰী]] বঁটা'' লাভ কৰিছে৷{{উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন}} #দেৱেশ্বৰ শৰ্মা: ভ্ৰাম্যমান থিয়েটাৰৰ এগৰাকী গীতিকাৰ৷ #ডাঃ যতীন ভাগৱতী: ‌ডিব্ৰুগড় মেডিকেল কলেজৰ অধ্যাপক তথা চিকিৎসা শাস্ত্ৰৰ গৱেষক৷ #পৰাগ শৰ্মা: অভিনেতা। তেওঁৰ পিতৃগৃহ গন্ধিয়াত আছিল৷{{উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন}} #[[মৃগেন শৰ্মা]]: সাহিত্যিক। তেওঁৰ প্ৰকাশিত গ্ৰন্থৰ ভিতৰত ২০০৮ চনত অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদে প্ৰকাশ কৰা ''অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ সম্ভাৰ''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://agnee.tezu.ernet.in:8999/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=47855 |title=Library catalogue entry for works by Mrigen Sarma |website=Tezpur University Library (KOHA OPAC) |publisher=Tezpur University |access-date=14 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book-author/mrigen+sarma/ |title=Books by Mrigen Sarma |website=Exotic India Art |publisher=Exotic India Art Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=14 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.451773 |title=অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ সম্ভাৰ |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Digital Library of India |access-date=14 December 2025 |language=as}}</ref> উল্লেখযোগ্য। ==সামাজিক অনুষ্ঠান== ===পুথিভঁৰাল=== গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱত ৰজাদিনীয়া সাঁচিপাত আৰু তুলাপাতৰ পুথিৰে সমৃদ্ধ শতবৰ্ষ গৰকা এটা পুথিভঁৰাল আছে৷ নলবাৰী তথা বৃহত্তৰ উত্তৰ কামৰূপৰ এটা বিশেষ গ্ৰন্থাগাৰটো ৰজাদিনীয়া সমলৰে পূৰিপূৰ্ণ৷ এই গ্ৰন্থাগাৰত আছে ৮০০ৰো অধিক সাঁচিপাতৰ পুথি আৰু তুলাপাতৰ পুথি।<ref name="ETVBharat"/> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ গাঁও]] p3bplngpvotntcqyopoh28rzi8l5nzz 608635 608634 2026-05-25T14:36:27Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608635 wikitext text/x-wiki '''গন্ধিয়া''' ({{Lang-en|Gandhia}}) হ'ল অসমৰ [[নলবাৰী জিলা]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত এখন গাঁও৷<ref name="Census2011">{{Cite web |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/303666-gandhia-assam.html |title=Gandhia Village Population - Pachim Nalbari - Nalbari, Assam |website=Census2011.co.in |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref name="VillCo">{{Cite web |url=https://www.vill.co.in/assam/nalbari/pachim-nalbari-323021330/gandhia-021333036660/amp/ |title=Gandhia Village in Pachim Nalbari, Nalbari, Assam |website=Vill.co.in |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> এই গাঁৱখন [[নলবাৰী]] চহৰৰ পৰা ১২ কিলোমিটাৰ উত্তৰ পশ্চিম দিশত অৱস্থিত৷<ref name="VillageInfo">{{Cite web |url=https://villageinfo.in/assam/nalbari/pachim-nalbari/gandhia/ |title=Gandhia Village in Pachim Nalbari (Nalbari) Assam |website=VillageInfo.in |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> গাঁৱখন [[টিহু]] বিধানসভা সমষ্টিৰ পশ্চিম নলবাৰী ৰাজহ চক্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত৷ গন্ধিয়াক অসমৰ জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ প্ৰাণকেন্দ্ৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়৷<ref name="ETVBharat">{{Cite web |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/as/!state/nalbari-gandhia-village-is-known-for-its-deep-historical-roots-and-connection-to-the-study-of-astrology-assam-news-ass25082401256 |title=নলবাৰীৰ গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ ইতিহাস আৰু জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ পৰম্পৰা |website=ETV Bharat Assam |language=as |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref><ref name="News18Assam">{{Cite web |url=https://assam.news18.com/amp/news/assam/a-village-of-assam-known-for-astrology-local18-skd-341048.html |title=জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ বাবে বিখ্যাত অসমৰ গন্ধিয়া গাঁও |website=News18 Assam North East |language=as |access-date=2026-05-22}}</ref> ==নামৰ উৎপত্তি== জনবিশ্বাস অনুসৰি এই গাঁওখনত [[বিল্বেশ্বৰ দেৱালয়]]ৰ পূজা-অৰ্চনাৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজন হোৱা ফুলৰ বাগিছা পাতিছিল। বাগিছাৰ ফুলৰ গোন্ধেৰে ঠাইখিনি আমোলমোলাই থকা বাবে গাঁৱখনৰ নাম ''গন্ধিয়া'' হয়৷<ref>{{cite book|last=শৰ্মা|first=মৃগেন|title=অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ সম্ভাৰ |publisher=অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদ|location=গুৱাহাটী-৭৮১০২১ |year=২০০৮|page=৪৬}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=শৰ্মা|first=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ |title=এখন প্ৰাচীন গাঁওৰ ইতিহাস |edition=দ্বিতীয় প্ৰকাশ |publisher=জ্ঞানদীপ|location=গুৱাহাটী-২৫}}</ref> ==জনসংখ্যা== ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লৰ চৰকাৰী তথ্য অনুসৰি অসমৰ নলবাৰী জিলাৰ পশ্চিম নলবাৰী ৰাজহ চক্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ মুঠ জনসংখ্যা হৈছে ১,৮২৬ জন।<ref name="Census2011"/> ইয়াৰে পুৰুষৰ সংখ্যা ৯২২ জন আৰু মহিলাৰ সংখ্যা ৯০৪ গৰাকী।<ref name="VillageInfo"/> গাঁওখনৰ সামগ্ৰিক সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ হৈছে ৮৮.৮৮%। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত পুৰুষৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৯৪.৩৭% আৰু মহিলাৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৮৩.১৬%। ==ইতিহাস আৰু ধৰ্মীয় পৰম্পৰা== ঐতিহাসিক তথ্য আৰু জনবিশ্বাস অনুসৰি গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ ইতিহাস ৰজা নাগাক্ষৰ শাসনকালৰ সৈতে জড়িত। এই গাঁওখনক অসমৰ দ্বিতীয়টো ''নৱগ্ৰহ ধাম'' বা নৱগ্ৰহ মন্দিৰৰ স্থলী বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়, যাৰ বাবে এই অঞ্চলটো বৈদিক জ্যোতিষশাস্ত্ৰ, পুৰণি [[সাঁচিপাত]]ৰ লিপি আৰু সংস্কৃত চৰ্চাৰ এক প্ৰাচীন কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে গঢ়ি উঠিছে। ধৰ্মীয় দিশৰ পৰা গাঁওখন যথেষ্ট চহকী। ইয়াত থকা উল্লেখনীয় উপাসনা স্থলসমূহৰ ভিতৰত শ্ৰী শ্ৰী নৱগ্ৰহ মন্দিৰ, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী মনসা মন্দিৰ, শ্ৰী শ্ৰী কালী মন্দিৰ, লক্ষ্মী মন্দিৰ আৰু জগন্নাথ মন্দিৰ অন্যতম।<ref name="ETVBharat"/> ===কান্দেনী আই মন্দিৰ=== কান্দেনী আই মন্দিৰ গন্ধিয়াৰ এক প্ৰাচীন ধৰ্মীয় আৰু ঐতিহাসিক স্থান। জনশ্ৰুতি অনুসৰি এই মন্দিৰৰ ইতিহাস প্ৰায় ষোল্ল শতিকাৰ। সেই সময়ত বংগদেশত চৈতন্যদেৱে বৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰচাৰ কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ শিষ্য চিন্তামণি গোস্বামীয়ে গন্ধিয়াত আহি আল্লীবাড়ী সত্ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। পিছত তেওঁৰ সহধৰ্ম্মিণী ধৰ্মেশ্বৰী দেৱীয়েও গন্ধিয়াত আহি স্বামীৰ সৈতে বাস কৰিবলৈ ধৰে। কিছুদিন পিছত চিন্তামণি গোস্বামী বংগদেশলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু তাতেই তেওঁৰ মহাপ্ৰয়াণ ঘটে। এই সংবাদ পাই গন্ধিয়াত থকা ধৰ্মেশ্বৰী দেৱী গভীৰ শোকত ভাগি পৰে। স্বামীৰ বিয়োগত তেওঁ সদায় কান্দি অধীৰ হৈ থকা বুলি জনশ্ৰুতি আছে। কিছুদিন পিছত ধৰ্মেশ্বৰী দেৱীৰো দেহাৱসান ঘটে। কান্দি কান্দি স্বৰ্গগামিনী হোৱা বাবে স্থানীয় লোকসকলে তেওঁক ''কান্দেনী আই'' নামেৰে সম্বোধন কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত গাঁওবাসীয়ে তেওঁৰ সোঁৱৰণত ''কান্দেনী আই মন্দিৰ'' নিৰ্মাণ কৰে।<ref>{{cite book |last=ভট্টাচাৰ্য |first=প্ৰণৱেশ |title=অবিভক্ত কামৰূপৰ মঠ-মন্দিৰ, দৌল-দেৱালয় |publisher=প্ৰণৱেশ ভট্টাচাৰ্য |pages=৪৬–৪৯}}</ref> == জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চা == গন্ধিয়া প্ৰাচীন কালৰে পৰা জ্যোতিষ চৰ্চাৰ এক উল্লেখযোগ্য কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে পৰিচিত। ড° নিৰ্মলপ্ৰভা বৰদলৈৰ মতে, পাল বংশীয় ৰজা ধৰ্মপালৰ সময়ৰ পৰাই গন্ধিয়াৰ জ্যোতিষীসকলে ভূমিদান লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু অঞ্চলটোত গণিত তথা ফলিত জ্যোতিষৰ চৰ্চা চলি আহিছিল। কামৰূপীয় জ্যোতিষ পদ্ধতিৰ নিজস্ব গণনাপদ্ধতি আৰু দ্ৰাঘিমা-অক্ষৰেখাৰ পৃথক হিচাপ গন্ধিয়াৰ জ্যোতিষীসকলে অনুসৰণ কৰিছিল বুলি ড° পৰাগ কুমাৰ ভট্টাচাৰ্যই উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite book |last=বৰদলৈ |first=নিৰ্মলপ্ৰভা |title=সূৰ্য্য-গ্ৰন্থ |publisher=সাহিত্য প্ৰকাশ |page=১১০}}</ref> অতীতত গন্ধিয়াত ডেৰশৰো অধিক সংস্কৃত আৰু জ্যোতিষৰ টোল আছিল, য’ত অসমৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰ লগতে পশ্চিমবংগ আদিৰ ছাত্ৰসকলে শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ১৯০২ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত ''জীৱানন্দ জ্যোতিৰ্বিদ্যালয়''ত সংস্কৃত ভাষাৰ লগতে জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যাৰ শিক্ষাও প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book |title=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি |editor=দীপিকা দেৱী |publisher=গন্ধিয়া জ্যোতিষ পৰিষদ |pages=১২–৩২}}</ref> গন্ধিয়াৰ বহু জ্যোতিষীয়ে অসমীয়াৰ সমাজ-সংস্কৃতিত বিশেষ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে। জ্যোতিষী ৰবীন্দ্ৰ কুমাৰ ভট্টাচাৰ্যই ''কালপুৰুষ পূৰ্ণাংগ পঞ্জিকা''সহ কেইবাখনো অসমীয়া পঞ্জিকা সম্পাদনা কৰিছিল আৰু জ্যোতিষ শিক্ষাৰ প্ৰসাৰত অৰিহণা যোগাইছিল। ১৯৮২ চনত স্থাপিত ‘গন্ধিয়া জ্যোতিষ পৰিষদ’ৰ জৰিয়তে অসম আৰু উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ বহু শিক্ষাৰ্থীক জ্যোতিষ শিক্ষা প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book |title=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি |editor=দীপিকা দেৱী |publisher=গন্ধিয়া জ্যোতিষ পৰিষদ |pages=১২–৩২}}</ref> ==অৰ্থনীতি আৰু জীৱিকা== ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লৰ প্ৰতিবেদন অনুসৰি গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ মুঠ জনসংখ্যাৰ ভিতৰত ৫৮১ জন লোক কাৰ্যক্ষম বা অৰ্থনৈতিকভাৱে সক্ৰিয়, যাৰ ভিতৰত ৪১৮ জন পুৰুষ আৰু ১৬৩ গৰাকী মহিলা।<ref name="Census2011"/> কৰ্মৰত লোকসকলৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰায় ৬৭.৪৭% লোকে মূল জীৱিকা (বছৰটোৰ ৬ মাহতকৈ বেছি সময় কাম কৰা) হিচাপে কৃষিকৰ্ম, ব্যৱসায় আৰু চাকৰিৰ সৈতে জড়িত। বাকী ৩২.৫৩% লোক উপান্ত বা প্ৰান্তীয় কৰ্মী (বছৰটোৰ ৬ মাহতকৈ কম সময় কাম কৰা) হিচাপে কৰ্মৰত হৈ আছে।<ref name="VillageInfo"/> গাঁওখনৰ মূল অৰ্থনীতি কৃষিকৰ্মৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল হ'লেও জ্যোতিষ বিদ্যা আৰু শৈক্ষিক ক্ষেত্ৰৰ সৈতেও বহু লোক জড়িত।<ref name="News18Assam"/> ==শিক্ষা== গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱৰ শৈক্ষিক পৰিৱেশ যথেষ্ট উন্নত আৰু ইয়াৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ উল্লেখনীয়ভাৱে উচ্চ। ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়লৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি, গাঁওখনৰ সামগ্ৰিক সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ হৈছে ৮৮.৮৮%, যিটো অসমৰ ৰাজ্যিক গড় সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ (৭২.১৯%)তকৈ বহু বেছি।<ref name="Census2011"/> ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত পুৰুষৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৯৪.৩৭% হোৱাৰ বিপৰীতে মহিলাৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ হৈছে ৮৩.১৬%।<ref name="VillageInfo"/> ==উল্লেখযোগ্য ব্যক্তি== #ড° প্ৰমোদলাল শৰ্মা: আমেৰিকা নিবাসী ড° শৰ্মাই বিজ্ঞানলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অৱদানৰ বাবে বিশ্বযুৰি সমাদৃত হৈছিল৷<ref>{{cite book |title=ব্যক্তি আৰু ব্যক্তিত্ব |editor=অৰূপ ৰঞ্জন বৰ্মন; ৰাজেন বৈশ্য |publisher=অসম সাহিত্য সভাৰ চতুৰ্থ দ্বি-বাৰ্ষিক বেলশৰ অধিৱেশন}}</ref> #পুৰুষোত্তম ভট্টাচাৰ্য: জ্যোতিষ পণ্ডিত৷ # ডাঃ শৰৎ ভাগৱতী: চিকিৎসক। #পৰিক্ষীত শৰ্মা: কম্পাউণ্ডাৰ। তেওঁৰ চিকিৎসা সেৱাৰ বাবে তেওঁক ''পৰীক্ষিত ডাক্তৰ'' বুলি জনা গৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title= |last=শৰ্মা |first=মৃগেন |newspaper=আজিৰ অসম |date=১১ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০০২ |page=৪}}</ref> #ড° পৰাগ ভট্টাচাৰ্য: শিক্ষাবিদ, সাহিত্যিক তথা অসমৰ চৰকাৰৰ সাহিত্যিক পেঞ্চনাৰ৷ #ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ ভট্টাচাৰ্য: জ্যোতিষী৷<ref>{{cite book |title=ৰবীন্দ্ৰ নাথ শৰ্মাৰ প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি |editor=দীপিকা দেৱী |page=৩০৬}}</ref> #প্ৰণৱপ্ৰাণ ভট্টাচাৰ্য: সাহিত্যিক৷ তেওঁৰ তেৰখন গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশ পাইছে ৷ ইয়াৰে ভিতৰত ''নক্ষত্ৰৰ দৰে জাগ্ৰত'' উপন্যাসৰ বাবে [[অসম সাহিত্য সভা]]ৰ ''গিৰিধৰ শৰ্মা সোঁৱৰণি বঁটা'' আৰু আৰু ''নিৰ্মম কালবেলা'' উপন্যাসৰ বাবে ''[[অম্বিকাগিৰী ৰায়চৌধুৰী]] বঁটা'' লাভ কৰিছে৷<ref>{{cite book|last=ভট্টাচাৰ্য|first=প্ৰণবপ্ৰাণ|title=জ্যোতিষত হৰিষ-বিষাদ|publisher=সাহিত্য প্ৰকাশ|location=ট্ৰিবিউন বিল্ডিংছ, গুৱাহাটী-৩}}</ref> #দেৱেশ্বৰ শৰ্মা: ভ্ৰাম্যমান থিয়েটাৰৰ এগৰাকী গীতিকাৰ৷ #ডাঃ যতীন ভাগৱতী: ‌ডিব্ৰুগড় মেডিকেল কলেজৰ অধ্যাপক তথা চিকিৎসা শাস্ত্ৰৰ গৱেষক৷ #পৰাগ শৰ্মা: অভিনেতা। তেওঁৰ পিতৃগৃহ গন্ধিয়াত আছিল৷{{উদ্ধৃতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন}} #[[মৃগেন শৰ্মা]]: সাহিত্যিক। তেওঁৰ প্ৰকাশিত গ্ৰন্থৰ ভিতৰত ২০০৮ চনত অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদে প্ৰকাশ কৰা ''অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ সম্ভাৰ''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://agnee.tezu.ernet.in:8999/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=47855 |title=Library catalogue entry for works by Mrigen Sarma |website=Tezpur University Library (KOHA OPAC) |publisher=Tezpur University |access-date=14 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book-author/mrigen+sarma/ |title=Books by Mrigen Sarma |website=Exotic India Art |publisher=Exotic India Art Pvt. Ltd. |access-date=14 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.451773 |title=অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ সম্ভাৰ |website=Internet Archive |publisher=Digital Library of India |access-date=14 December 2025 |language=as}}</ref> উল্লেখযোগ্য। ==সামাজিক অনুষ্ঠান== ===পুথিভঁৰাল=== গন্ধিয়া গাঁৱত ৰজাদিনীয়া সাঁচিপাত আৰু তুলাপাতৰ পুথিৰে সমৃদ্ধ শতবৰ্ষ গৰকা এটা পুথিভঁৰাল আছে৷ নলবাৰী তথা বৃহত্তৰ উত্তৰ কামৰূপৰ এটা বিশেষ গ্ৰন্থাগাৰটো ৰজাদিনীয়া সমলৰে পূৰিপূৰ্ণ৷ এই গ্ৰন্থাগাৰত আছে ৮০০ৰো অধিক সাঁচিপাতৰ পুথি আৰু তুলাপাতৰ পুথি।<ref name="ETVBharat"/> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ গাঁও]] bi32cmulti6igtk7aa6et3434t6b6gz 0 136979 608744 607960 2026-05-26T04:36:22Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = জি৭ </br> G7 | full_name = সাতখন দেশৰ গোট</br>Group of Seven | languages = [[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]], [[ফৰাচী ভাষা|ফৰাচী]], [[জাৰ্মান ভাষা|জাৰ্মান]], [[ইটালীয় ভাষা|ইটালীয়]], [[জাপানী ভাষা|জাপানী]] | image = Participation of Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, to the G7 Summit.jpg | image_size = 245 | image_alt = | caption = কানাডাৰ আলবাৰ্টাৰ কানানাস্কিছ ভিলেজত ২০২৫ চনৰ জি ৭ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত জি-৭ৰ নেতাসকলে এক কৰ্ম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে | logo = | logo_size = 784 | logo_alt = | logo_caption = ৫১সংখ্যক জি৭ সন্মিলনীৰ ল'গ' | map = Group of Seven (G7) Countries.svg | map_size = 280 | map_alt = | map_caption = The G7-states (blue) and the EU (teal) ---- '''Member states and key leaders:''' ----{{Infobox | subbox = yes | labelstyle = padding-right:1em;text-align:left | datastyle = text-align:left | label1 = {{flag|Canada}} | data1 =মাৰ্ক কাৰ্নি,<br/>কানাডাৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী | label2 = {{flag|France}} | data2 = ইমানুৱেল মেক্ৰন,<br/>ফ্ৰান্সৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি | label3 = {{flag|Germany}} | data3 = ফ্ৰেডেৰিখ মাৰ্জ,<br/>জাৰ্মানীৰ চেন্সেলৰ | label4 = {{flag|Italy}} | data4 = [[জৰ্জিয়া মেলোনি]],<br/> ইটালীৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী | label5 = {{flag|Japan}} | data5 = ছানেয় টাকাইচি,<br/>জাপানৰ প্ৰধান মন্ত্ৰী | label6 = {{flag|United Kingdom}} | data6 = কেইৰ ষ্টাৰ্মাৰ,<br/>যুক্তৰাজ্যৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী | label7 = {{flag|United States}} | data7 = [[ড'নাল্ড ট্ৰাম্প]],<br/> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী | label8 = {{flag|European Union}} | data8 = {{plainlist| * এণ্টনিঅ' কোষ্টা,<br/> ইউৰোপীয় পৰিষদৰ অধ্যক্ষ * উৰ্চুলা ভন ডাৰ লেয়েন,<br/>{{nowrap| ইউৰোপীয় আয়োগৰ অধ্যক্ষ}} }} }}<hr> | abbreviation = | predecessor = | formation = {{ubl|{{Start date and age|25 March 1973|df=y|p=y|br=y}} |(Library Group)| {{Start date and age|15 November 1975|df=y|p=y|br=y}}| ([[1st G6 summit]])}} | type = আন্ত:চৰকাৰী সংস্থা | purpose = ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক মঞ্চ | fields = | membership = | num_members_year = | website = | funding = | former_name = {{hlist| | Library Group | Group of Six (G6) | [[Group of Eight]] (G8) [[Group of Eight#Russia's participation suspension (2014)|(reversion)]] }} }} '''গ্ৰুপ অৱ চেভেন''' (Group of 7) বা '''সাতখন দেশৰ গোট''' হৈছে [[কানাডা]], [[ফ্ৰান্স]], [[জাৰ্মানী]], [[ইটালী]], [[জাপান]], [[যুক্তৰাজ্য]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰে গঠিত এক আন্তঃচৰকাৰী ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক মঞ্চ৷ ইয়াৰ উপৰি [[ইউৰোপিয়ান ইউনিয়ন|ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ]] (ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ) ইয়াৰ এক "গণনাবিহীন সদস্য"। ইয়াক বহুত্ববাদ, উদাৰ গণতন্ত্ৰ আৰু প্ৰতিনিধিত্বমূলক চৰকাৰৰ ভাগ কৰা মূল্যবোধৰ ভেটিত সংগঠিত কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="What is the G7">{{Cite web|title=What is the G7?|url=https://www.g7uk.org/what-is-the-g7/|access-date=12 June 2021|website=G7 UK Presidency 2021|language=en-GB|archive-date=25 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225102211/https://www.g7uk.org/what-is-the-g7/|url-status=dead|archivedate=25 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211225102211/https://www.g7uk.org/what-is-the-g7/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Report for Selected Countries Subjects|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=34&pr.y=14&sy=2016&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=156,158,132,112,134,111,136&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP&grp=0&a=|website=www.imf.org|access-date=13 June 2018|archive-date=7 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407165829/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=34&pr.y=14&sy=2016&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=156,158,132,112,134,111,136&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP&grp=0&a=|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=October 2017|title=World Economic Outlook Database|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=119&sg=All+countries+%2f+Advanced+economies+%2f+Major+advanced+economies+(G7)|publisher=International Monetary Fund. imf.org|at=Major Advanced Economies (G7)|access-date=28 February 2018|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144138/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/02/weodata/weoselco.aspx?g=119&sg=All+countries+%2f+Advanced+economies+%2f+Major+advanced+economies+(G7)|url-status=live}}</ref>জি-৭ৰ সদস্য দেশসমূহ হৈছে আই এম এফৰ প্ৰধান উন্নত অৰ্থনীতি। ১৯৭৩ চনত বিত্তমন্ত্ৰীসকলৰ এক তদৰ্থ সমাৱেশৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হোৱা জি-৭ তেতিয়াৰ পৰাই বিশ্বৰ ডাঙৰ সমস্যাসমূহৰ সমাধানৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা আৰু সমন্বয়ৰ বাবে এক আনুষ্ঠানিক, উচ্চ পৰ্যায়ৰ স্থানত পৰিণত হয়, বিশেষকৈ বাণিজ্য, নিৰাপত্তা, অৰ্থনীতি আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত।<ref>{{Cite web|author=Paul LeBlanc|title=What is the G7, and what power does it hold?|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/11/politics/g7-summit-explainer/index.html|access-date=12 June 2021|website=CNN|date=11 June 2021|archive-date=1 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101201013/https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/11/politics/g7-summit-explainer/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নৰ আয়োগৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু ইউৰোপীয় পৰিষদৰ অধ্যক্ষৰ সৈতে প্ৰতিজন সদস্যৰ চৰকাৰ বা ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ মুৰব্বীয়ে বছৰি জি-৭ শীৰ্ষ সন্মিলনত বৈঠকত মিলিত হয়৷ জি-৭ আৰু ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নৰ অন্যান্য উচ্চ পদস্থ বিষয়াসকলে বছৰটোৰ ভিতৰতে বৈঠকত মিলিত হয়। অন্যান্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰ আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংস্থাৰ প্ৰতিনিধিক প্ৰায়ে অতিথি হিচাপে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হয়৷ ১৯৯৭ চনৰ পৰা ২০১৪ চনত বহিষ্কাৰ নোহোৱালৈকে ৰাছিয়া আনুষ্ঠানিক সদস্য (জি-৮ৰ অংশ হিচাপে) আছিল। জি৭ কোনোধৰণৰ সন্ধিৰ চৰ্তত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত নহয়৷ নতুভা ইয়াৰ কোনো স্থায়ী সচিবালয় আৰু কাৰ্যালয়ো নাই৷ প্ৰতি বছৰে সদস্যৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহৰ অধ্যক্ষতাৰ জৰিয়তে ই অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ থাকে; য'ত অধ্যক্ষৰাষ্ট্ৰখনে সন্মিলনী অনুষ্ঠিত কৰাৰ লগতে গোটৰ অগ্ৰাধিকাৰসমূহো নিৰ্ণয় কৰে৷ উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, ২০২৬ চনত ফ্ৰান্সে জি৭-ৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰে৷<ref>{{Cite web |title=France's 2026 G7 Presidency |url=https://www.elysee.fr/G7evian |access-date=28 March 2026 |website=www.elysee.fr |language=fr, en}}</ref> ন্যায়িক নাইবা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানিক ভিত্তি নাথাকিলেও, জি৭ক ইয়াৰ প্ৰভাৱশালী আন্ত:ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰভাৱৰ বাবে বিশেষভাৱে বিবেচিত কৰা হয়৷<ref name="Shear">{{Cite news|last=Shear|first=Michael D.|date=11 June 2021|title=G7 News: A Return to Face-to-Face Diplomacy|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/06/11/world/g7-summit|access-date=12 June 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=24 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124053912/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/06/11/world/g7-summit|url-status=live}}</ref> জি৭-য়ে কেইবাটাও গোলকীয় পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে; যাৰ ভিতৰত [[এইচ.আই.ভি/এইড্‌ছ|এইডছ্-আইভি]] প্ৰতিহত কৰা, বিকাশশীল দেশক আৰ্থিক সাহায্য প্ৰদান কৰা, ২০১৫ চনৰ [[পেৰিচ চুক্তি]]ৰ আওটাত গোলকীয় উষ্ণতাক সম্বোধন কৰা আদি৷<ref name="Shear"/><ref name="What is the G7"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=What are the G7 and the G8?|url=http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/what_is_g8.html|access-date=12 June 2021|website=www.g8.utoronto.ca|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127055741/http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/what_is_g8.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> অৱশ্যে, খুবেই সীমিত সদস্যৰাষ্ট্ৰ আৰু সীমিত গোলকীয় প্ৰতিনিধিত্বৰ বাবে এই গোটটোক পৰ্যবেক্ষকসকলে সময়-সময়ে সমালোচনাও কৰি আহিছে৷<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meredith |first=Sam |title='The selfie summit': Why some economists and activists are disappointed with the G-7 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/14/g-7-summit-why-economists-and-activists-are-disappointed-over-pledges.html |access-date=9 November 2022 |website=CNBC |date=14 June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109192345/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/06/14/g-7-summit-why-economists-and-activists-are-disappointed-over-pledges.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Where Is the G7 Headed? |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |access-date=9 November 2022 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en |archive-date=18 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718145403/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |url-status=live |archivedate=18 July 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718145403/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=G-7 Communique Wide-Ranging, But Critics Find Shortcomings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/europe_g-7-communique-wide-ranging-critics-find-shortcomings/6206982.html |access-date=9 November 2022 |website=VOA |date=13 June 2021 |language=en |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109192346/https://www.voanews.com/a/europe_g-7-communique-wide-ranging-critics-find-shortcomings/6206982.html |url-status=live }}</ref> উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে [[ব্ৰিক্‌ছ|ব্ৰিকছ্]]-এ নিজৰ সদস্যসংখ্যা বঢ়াই দক্ষিণ-এছীয় সহযোগিতাত অধিক কেন্দ্ৰীভূত হৈছে আৰু আন্ত:ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সম্পৰ্কৰ দৃঢ়তাত আলোকপাত কৰিছে৷<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=An Evolving BRICS and the Shifting World Order |url=https://www.bcg.com/publications/2024/brics-enlargement-and-shifting-world-order |access-date=2 January 2025 |website=BCG Global |language=en}}</ref> জি৭ৰ দেশসমূহৰ সন্মিলিত জনসংখ্যা হৈছে ৭৮ কোটি৷ পৃথিৱীৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ প্ৰায় ১০%৷ এওঁলোকে বিশ্বজোৰা অৰ্থৰ প্ৰায় ৫০% প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰে৷ ২০২৪ চন পৰ্যন্ত, এওঁলোকে গোলকীয় জিডিপিৰ প্ৰায় ৪৪%তকৈও অধিক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছে আৰু ক্ৰয় ক্ষমতাৰ সমতাৰ অনুসৰি তেওঁলোক বিশ্বৰ প্ৰায় ৩০%<ref>{{Cite web |title=G-7: Share of World's GDP by country |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1370614/g7-country-gdp-share-world/ |access-date=12 August 2024 |language=en }}</ref><ref name="b990">{{cite web | title=BRICS vs G7 GDP as a share of world total 2024 | website=Statista | date=12 April 2024 | url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1412425/gdp-ppp-share-world-gdp-g7-brics/ | access-date=18 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.investopedia.com/insights/worlds-top-economies/ | title=The Top 25 Economies in the World }}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == [[শ্ৰেণী:আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংস্থা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সম্পৰ্ক]] md5ux7oanq8az2s7ebm9iua0ikrpv8z 0 136982 608644 607933 2026-05-25T15:37:51Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|তথ্যহীন পৃষ্ঠা}} অসমীয়া কবি j4nrhjwfz05k63ibxg7s05l6pr9fg1w 0 136985 608724 608440 2026-05-25T20:17:06Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = গোলাব আদিনেহ | image = Golab Adineh.jpg | caption = ২০০৮ চনত আদিনেহ | native_name = گلاب آدینه | birth_name = গোলাব মোস্তায়েন | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1953|11|13}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | death_date = | death_place = | native_name_lang = Fa | othername = | alma_mater = শ্বাহিদ বেহেষ্টী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | yearsactive = ১৯৭৬–বৰ্তমান | spouse = মেহদী হাশেমী (বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ) | children = ১ | relatives = | awards = }} '''গোলাব মোস্তায়েন''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: گلاب مستعان; ১৩ নৱেম্বৰ ১৯৫৩) এগৰাকী ইৰাণী অভিনেত্ৰী, যাক পেচাগতভাৱে '''গোলাব আদিনেহ''' নামেৰে জনা যায়। তেওঁ ঔপন্যাসিক হোছেইনঘোলী মোস্তায়েনৰ কন্যা আৰু ১৯৭০ৰ দশকত নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। আদিনেহে ১৯৯৫ চনত ''ব্লু স্কাৰ্ফ'' চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে ফাজৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহ-অভিনেত্ৰীৰ ক্ৰিষ্টেল চিমৰ্গ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ''কেনেৰী য়েল্ল'' (১৯৮৯), ''মমছ গেষ্ট'' (২০০৪), ''ৱেন ৱী ৱেৰ অল আচলিপ'' (২০০৬) আৰু ''আই এম ডিয়েগো মাৰাডোনা'' (২০১৫) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা উৎকৃষ্ট অভিনয়ৰ বাবে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ ক্ৰিষ্টেল চিমৰ্গ বঁটাৰ মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা == গোলাব আদিনেহৰ জন্ম ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ১৩ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Birth of the Month: Golab Adineh |url=http://khorasanshomali.khorasannews.com/newspaper/BlockPrint/177071 |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=Khorasan News |language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ (বৰ্তমান শ্বাহিদ বেহেষ্টী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়) পৰা ৰাজনৈতিক অৰ্থনীতি বিষয়ত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰিছিল। == কৰ্মজীৱন == আদিনেহে ১৯৭৫ চনত মেহদী হাশেমী আৰু দৰিয়ুছ ফাৰহাঙৰ নেতৃত্বত গঠিত ছাত্ৰ নাট্য গোষ্ঠী "পিয়াদেহ"ৰ সৈতে নিজৰ কলাত্মক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ কেইবাখনো নাটকত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যাৰ ভিতৰত ''এন আনটোল্ড ষ্টৰী'', ''ফেল’ চিটিজেন'', ''মেমৰিজ এণ্ড নাইটমেয়াৰ্ছ অৱ এ ৱাৰ্ডৰোব কিপাৰ ফ্ৰম দ্য লাইফ এণ্ড ডেথ অৱ আমিৰ কাবিৰ'', ''দ্য গ্ৰেট ৱাল অৱ চাইনা'', ''দ্য ককেচিয়ান চক চাৰ্কল'', ''পুফ!! '', ''মেডাম পী পী'' আৰু ''ইট ডাজ নট স্নো ইন ইজিপ্ত'' অন্যতম। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ''চুলতান স্নেক'', ''ডেথ অৱ য়াজদগৰ্ড'', ''এ নাইট ইন তেহৰাণ'' আৰু ''দ্য ভেইল হাউচ''ৰ দৰে প্ৰযোজনাসমূহ পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ টেলিভিছনৰ কামসমূহৰ পৰিধিৰ ভিতৰত ''দ্য লেজেণ্ড অৱ দ্য চুলতান এণ্ড দ্য শ্বেপাৰ্ড'' ধাৰাবাহিকত কৰা অভিনয় আৰু ৫০টা খণ্ডৰ ধাৰাবাহিক ''চুইটৰ্ছ''ৰ পৰিচালনা অন্যতম। আদিনেহে বিভিন্ন টেলিভিছন প্ৰকল্পৰ বাবে কাষ্টিং ডাইৰেক্টৰ আৰু এক্টিং কচ হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছে। দৰিয়ুছ ফাৰহাং পৰিচালিত ''ৰাছুল, চন অৱ আবুলঘাছেম'' নামৰ চুটি ছবিখনত অভিনয় কৰা আৰু স্ক্ৰিপ্ট ছুপাৰভাইজাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰাটোৱেই আছিল তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম চিনেমাৰ অভিজ্ঞতা।<ref>{{cite web |title=Golab Adineh |url=https://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112160038/ |access-date=7 December 2022 |website=Soureh Cinema |language=fa}}</ref> ১৯৮৯ চনৰপৰা ১৯৯৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত আদিনেহে আইআৰআইবি (IRIB)ৰ সৈতে জড়িত চিলড্ৰেনছ এণ্ড এডোলেচেণ্টছ আৰ্ট এণ্ড লিটাৰেচাৰ স্কুলকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন বিদ্যালয় আৰু প্ৰতিষ্ঠানত বিভিন্ন বয়সৰ গোটক অভিনয়ৰ শিক্ষা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। এই সময়ছোৱাত তেওঁ ''ফ্ৰেণ্ডশ্বিপ ফ্লাৱাৰ'', ''এ বিউটিফুল ডে'', ''মেমৰি'' আৰু ''গুড নিউজ''ৰ দৰে নাটক মঞ্চস্থ কৰিছিল। আদিনেহে বেহৰাম বেইজাইৰ কেইবাখনো নাটক পৰিচালনা কৰিছে, যাৰ ভিতৰত ''ডেথ অৱ য়াজদগৰ্ড'', ''চুলতান স্নেক'' আৰু ''দ্য ভেইল হাউচ'' অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with Golab Adineh on Directing the Play Sultan Snake |url=https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/404903/گفتگو-با-گلاب-آدینه-به-بهانه-کارگردانی-نمایش-سلطان-مار |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Noormags |language=fa}}</ref> ১৯৯২ চনত তেওঁ দশম ফাজৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিক থিয়েটাৰ মহোৎসৱৰ বাবে ''ডেথ অৱ য়াজদগৰ্ড'' পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল, য’ত ই ''মুন শ্বেডো'' (অনুপম আৰ্জমাণ্ডৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত), ''বিলাভড'' (হুছেইন নুৰীৰদ্বাৰা ৰচিত আৰু পৰিচালিত), ''দ্য টেল অৱ দ্য মেজিক ডাউৰী'' (মহম্মদ চাৰ্মশ্বিৰৰদ্বাৰা ৰচিত আৰু অতিলা পেচিয়ানীৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত) আৰু ''মাল-কোনুন'' (মৰিয়ম মোতাৰেফ আৰু ইজ্জৎিল্লাহ মেহৰাভাৰানৰদ্বাৰা ৰচিত আৰু পৰিচালিত) আদি কৰ্মৰাজিৰ সৈতে একেলগে প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=10th Fajr International Theatre Festival |url=https://fitf.theater.ir/tenthfadjr |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Fajr International Theatre Festival |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Works Presented at the 10th Fajr International Theatre Festival |url=https://fitf.theater.ir/asar10 |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Fajr International Theatre Festival |language=fa}}</ref> == ২০২২ চনৰ প্ৰতিবাদ == ২০২২ চনৰ ৬ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত ''দ্য ভেইল হাউচ'' নাটকৰ এটা প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ পিছত আদিনেহে বাধ্যতামূলক হিজাব অবিহনে মঞ্চত উপস্থিত হৈছিল আৰু প্ৰেক্ষাগৃহৰ বাহিৰত দৰ্শকৰ সৈতে ফটো তুলিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |date=6 December 2022 |title=Iranian Theatre Actress Golab Adineh Appears on Stage Without Hijab |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/live/iran-63883550/page/4 |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=BBC Persian |language=fa |archivedate=21 February 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221003826/https://www.bbc.com/persian/live/iran-63883550/page/4 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{commons category|Golab Adineh}} * {{IMDb name|0012006}} * [https://theater.ir/fa/artists/917/%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A2%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87 Golab Adineh] on Iran Teater * [https://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112160038/ Golab Adineh] on Soure Cinema [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] 9ncy0j5o598dzzw59znlwls3qybaetm 0 136986 608732 608515 2026-05-25T21:56:14Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = চহৰেহ আঘদাচলু | image = Shohreh Aghdashloo by Gage Skidmore.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছান ডিয়েগো কমিক-কনত আঘদাচলু | native_name = {{lang|fa|شهره آغداشلو}} | birth_name = চহৰেহ ৱাজিৰী-তাবাৰ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|5|11}}<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/technology/gaming/shohreh-aghdashloo-assassins-creed-mirage/|title=Who is Shohreh Aghdashloo? Meet the Roshan voice actor from AC Mirage|work=Radio Times|first=Matt|last=Poskitt|date=October 5, 2023|access-date=April 12, 2025|archive-date=May 11, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250511180011/https://www.radiotimes.com/technology/gaming/shohreh-aghdashloo-assassins-creed-mirage/|url-status=live}}</ref> | birth_place = [[ইৰান]]ৰ ৰাজধানী [[তেহৰান]] | citizenship = [[ইৰান]], [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | alma_mater = ব্ৰুনেল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ১৯৭৬–বৰ্তমান | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|আইদিন আঘদাচলু|1972|1980|end=divorced}} * {{marriage|হোচাং তৌজি|1987}} }} | children = ১ }} '''চহৰেহ আঘদাচলু''' (জন্ম: ১১ মে', ১৯৫২) হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানীয়-আমেৰিকান অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ এটা প্ৰাইমটাইম এমী বঁটা আৰু এটা চেটেলাইট বঁটা লাভ কৰাৰ উপৰি এটা একাডেমী বঁটা (অস্কাৰ)ৰ বাবেও মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite AV media | author = SpottinGames | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsoxJXcTX_g | title = Shohreh Aghdashloo Talks About Assassin''s Creed Mirage {{!}} Ubisoft Forward 2022 | date = 2022-09-11 | access-date = 2025-08-13 | archive-date = December 14, 2025 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20251214041837/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsoxJXcTX_g | url-status = live }}</ref> মঞ্চত কেইবাটাও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰাৰ পাছত, তেওঁ ১৯৭৬ চনত ''চেছ অৱ দ্য উইণ্ড'' চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ জৰিয়তে ছবিজগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে। তেওঁৰ পৰৱৰ্তী দুখন চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''দ্য ৰিপোৰ্ট'' (১৯৭৭) আৰু ''সূটেহ ডেলান'' (১৯৭৭) চিনেমা সমালোচকৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰশংসিত হয় আৰু ই আঘদাচলুক ইৰানৰ এগৰাকী আগশাৰীৰ অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে, যদিও ছবিকেইখন ইৰানত নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছিল। ১৯৭৯ চনত ইৰানৰ বিপ্লৱৰ সময়ত আঘদাচলুৱে ইংলেণ্ডলৈ আৰু তাৰ পিছত আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে আৰু পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে। টেলিভিছন আৰু চলচ্চিত্ৰত কেইবাবছৰ ধৰি সৰু সৰু চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰাৰ পাছত, ''হাউচ অৱ চেণ্ড এণ্ড ফগ'' (২০০৩) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ে তেওঁলৈ কেইবাটাও চলচ্চিত্ৰ সমালোচকৰ বঁটা আৰু শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহকাৰী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ একাডেমী বঁটাৰ মনোনয়ন কঢ়িয়াই আনে। তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰা অন্যান্য চলচ্চিত্ৰসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ''দ্য এক্সৰ্চিজম অৱ এমিলি ৰোজ'' (২০০৫), ''এক্স-মেন: দ্য লাষ্ট ষ্টেণ্ড'' (২০০৬), ''দ্য নেটিভিটি ষ্ট’ৰী'' (২০০লুকআপ), ''দ্য অড লাইফ অৱ টিমথি গ্ৰীণ'' (২০১৩) আৰু ''ষ্টাৰ ট্ৰেক বিয়ণ্ড'' (২০১৬) অন্যতম। টেলিভিছনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁ ''২৪'' ধাৰাবাহিকৰ চতুৰ্থ সংস্কৰণত দিনা আৰাজ আৰু ''দ্য এক্সপেন্স'' (২০১৫-২০২২) ধাৰাবাহিকত ক্ৰিচজেন আভাছাৰালা চৰিত্ৰৰ বাবে বেছিকৈ জনাজাত।<ref name="Entertainment Weekly">{{cite magazine|last1=Hibberd|first1=James|title=Syfy''s ''The Expanse'' space drama casts Shohreh Aghdashloo|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/08/20/the-expanse-aghdashloo/|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|publisher=Entertainment Weekly|access-date=September 12, 2014|archive-date=September 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902061443/http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/08/20/the-expanse-aghdashloo/|url-status=dead|archivedate=September 2, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140902061443/http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/08/20/the-expanse-aghdashloo/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ''হাউচ অৱ চাদ্দাম'' (২০০৮) নামৰ এইচবিঅ''ৰ মিনি-ধাৰাবাহিকত মৰ্যাদাপূৰ্ণ চজিদা টালফাহ চৰিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ এটি লিমিটেড চিৰিজ বা মুভীৰ আউটষ্টেণ্ডিং ছাপৰ্টিং এক্ট্ৰেছ শাখাত প্ৰাইমটাইম এমী বঁটা লাভ কৰে। ২০১৩ চনত তেওঁ ''দ্য এলি অৱ লাভ এণ্ড য়েল্ল'' জেচমিন্স'' শীৰ্ষক আত্মজীৱনী প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-alley-of-love-and-yellow-jasmines-shohreh-aghdashloo?variant=32205638238242|title=The Alley of Love and Yellow Jasmines|author=World Archipelago|work=HarperCollins US|access-date=October 20, 2013|archive-date=January 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118234516/http://www.harpercollins.com/books/Alley-Love-Yellow-Jasmines-Shohreh-Aghdashloo/?isbn=9780062009807|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০২১ চনত তেওঁ নেটফ্লিক্সৰ এনিমেটেড ধাৰাবাহিক ''আৰ্কেন''ত গ্ৰেছন চৰিত্ৰৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰে। ২০২৪ চনত আঘদাচলুৱে নেটফ্লিক্সৰ চিনেমা ''ডেমচেল''ত ড্ৰেগনৰ চৰিত্ৰত কণ্ঠ দিছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ মাছ ইফেক্ট ২ আৰু ৩ নামৰ ভিডিঅ'' গেমত এডমিৰেল ৰান আৰু ২০২৩ চনৰ ''এচাচিন্স ক্ৰীড মিৰাজ''ত ৰোচন চৰিত্ৰৰ বাবেও কণ্ঠদান কৰিছে। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == নিজৰ দেশ এৰি থৈ অহাৰ পাছত ৰাজনীতিৰ প্ৰতি থকা আগ্ৰহৰ বাবেই আঘদাচলুৱে লণ্ডনৰ ব্ৰুনেল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সম্পৰ্ক বিষয়ত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.realegitim.com/brunel-university/ |title=Brunel University |date=January 29, 2015 |access-date=April 12, 2018 |archive-date=April 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412213428/https://www.realegitim.com/brunel-university/ |url-status=live }}</ref>। শৈশৱতে মাক-দেউতাকে লণ্ডনলৈ লৈ যোৱাৰ বাবে তেওঁ ব্ৰিটেইনৰ পৰিৱেশৰ সৈতে আগৰেপৰাই পৰিচিত আছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয় জীৱন আগুৱাই লৈ যায় আৰু ই তেওঁক লছ এঞ্জেলছলৈ লৈ আহে। তেতিয়াৰেপৰা তেওঁ স্বামী হোচাং তৌজিৰ কেইবাখনো নাটকত অভিনয় কৰিছে আৰু দেশীয় তথা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত, বিশেষকৈ ইৰানৰ প্ৰবাসী সমাজৰ মাজত সেইসমূহ সফলতাৰে প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিছে <ref>উৎস: ''হাউচ অৱ চেণ্ড এণ্ড ফগ'' ডিভিডি – জীৱনী</ref>। এটা মুছলমান পৰিয়ালত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিলেও তেওঁ উল্লেখ কৰিছে যে তেওঁ কোনো ধৰ্মীয় নীতি-নিয়ম পালন নকৰে <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/brad-balfour/iranian-actress-shohreh-a_b_221992.html|title=Iranian Actress Shohreh Aghdashloo Speaks Out Loudly About The Stoning of Soraya M.|first=Brad|last=Balfour|website=HuffPost|date=June 28, 2009|access-date=March 24, 2018|archive-date=September 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914182923/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brad-balfour/iranian-actress-shohreh-a_b_221992.html|url-status=live}}</ref>। == কৰ্মজীৱন == [[চিত্ৰ:ShohrehAghdashloo08TIFF.jpg|150px|Thumb|left|২০০৮ চনত আঘদাচলু]] আঘদাচলুৱে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ১৯ বছৰ বয়সত নাট্য অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কাম আৰম্ভ কৰে, যেতিয়া তেওঁ ''দ্য নেৰ'' ৰোড টু দ্য ডীপ নৰ্থ'' (১৯৭৩) উপন্যাসৰ নাট্য ৰূপান্তৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDcKl-8tj6Y|title=''Shohreh Aghdashloo – "I had to fight for every right. For my basic right!" |date=December 10, 2017|website=YouTube|language=en-US|access-date=June 24, 2020|archive-date=August 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200824221114/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDcKl-8tj6Y|url-status=live}}</ref>। ১৯৮৯ চনত ''গেষ্টছ অৱ হোটেল এষ্টৰিয়া'' চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ জৰিয়তে আঘদাচলুৱে আমেৰিকাৰ ছবিত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে। ১৯৯০ চনত এনবিচি টিভিৰ ধাৰাবাহিক ''মেটেলক''ৰ দুঘণ্টীয়া বিশেষ খণ্ড "নাওৱেৰ টু টাৰ্ন: এ মেটেলক মিষ্ট্ৰী মুভী"ৰ এটি অতিথি চৰিত্ৰৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ টেলিভিছন জগতত পদাৰ্পণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছৰ বছৰবোৰত তেওঁক মাজে-সময়ে পৰ্দাত দেখা গৈছিল, যাৰ ভিতৰত কামছাদ কুচানৰ ৰচনা আৰু পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত তথা দৰ্শক-সমালোচকৰদ্বাৰা বেয়াকৈ প্ৰত্যাখাত হোৱা ''ছাৰ্ভাইভিং পেৰাডাইজ'' (২০০০) অন্যতম <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jun-30-ca-46270-story.html|title=''Surviving Paradise'': Iranian Kids on the Loose|date=June 30, 2000|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=December 12, 2019|archive-date=December 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212200652/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jun-30-ca-46270-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/FILM-CLIPS-Also-opening-today-2736336.php|title=FILM CLIPS / Also opening today|last1=Stack|first1=Peter|last2=Guthmann|first2=Edward|date=September 29, 2000|website=SFGate|access-date=December 12, 2019|last3=LaSalle|first3=Mick|archive-date=December 12, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212200943/https://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/FILM-CLIPS-Also-opening-today-2736336.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/film/film_results.php3?showid=1205|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010707151838/http://www.laweekly.com/film/film_results.php3?showid=1205|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 7, 2001|title=Film Search Results|date=July 7, 2001|access-date=December 12, 2019}}</ref>। ২০০১ চনত পৰিচালক ভাদিম পেৰেলমেনৰ ''হাউচ অৱ চেণ্ড এণ্ড ফগ'' (২০০৩) চলচ্চিত্ৰত বেন কিংস্লে আৰু জেনিফাৰ কনেলীৰ বিপৰীতে আঘদাচলুক কাষ্টিং কৰা হয় <ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.about.com/cs/houseofsandandfog/a/hsofsa121203.htm |title=House of Sand and Fog Movie – Shohreh Aghdashloo Interview |publisher=Movies.about.com |date=June 17, 2010 |access-date=July 26, 2010 |archive-date=January 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111193849/http://movies.about.com/cs/houseofsandandfog/a/hsofsa121203.htm |url-status=live |archivedate=January 11, 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111193849/http://movies.about.com/cs/houseofsandandfog/a/hsofsa121203.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref>। এই ছবিখনৰ বাবেই তেওঁ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহকাৰী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ একাডেমী বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল <ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1018068,00.html |title=Q&A: Shohreh Aghdashloo |magazine=TIME |date=January 24, 2005 |access-date=July 26, 2010 |archive-date=August 25, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825224221/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1018068,00.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=August 25, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825224221/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1018068,00.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref>। ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ ফক্স টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''২৪''ৰ চতুৰ্থ সংস্কৰণত এটা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চৰিত্ৰ লাভ কৰে <ref>{{cite web |last=Bianco |first=Robert |url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/television/reviews/2010-05-19-24appreciation19_ST_N.htm |title=At the end of the day, Jack Bauer and ''24'' delivered |publisher=Usatoday.Com |date=May 21, 2010 |access-date=July 26, 2010 |archive-date=May 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528185649/http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/reviews/2010-05-19-24appreciation19_ST_N.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>। ইয়াত তেওঁ লছ এঞ্জেলছত এগৰাকী চহকী গৃহিণী আৰু মাতৃৰ ছদ্মবেশত থকা সন্ত্ৰাসবাদী দিনা আৰাজৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ''টাইম'' আলোচনীবীৰ সৈতে হোৱা এক সাক্ষাৎকাৰত আঘদাচলুৱে কয় যে যদিও তেওঁ পূৰ্বে মুছলমানসকলক সন্ত্ৰাসবাদী হিচাপে দেখুওৱা গতানুগতিক ধাৰণাটোক প্ৰশ্ৰয় নিদিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছিল, তথাপি এই চৰিত্ৰটোৰ গভীৰতা আৰু জটিলতাই তেওঁক এই চৰিত্ৰটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছৰ সময়ছোৱাত আঘদাচলুৱে কেইবাখনো জনপ্ৰিয় টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক যেনে ''উইল এণ্ড গ্ৰেচ'', ''ইআৰ'' আৰু ''গ্ৰেজ এনাটমী''ত অতিথি শিল্পী হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ''এক্স-মেন: দ্য লাষ্ট ষ্টেণ্ড''ত ড° কবিতা ৰাও, ''দ্য লেক হাউচ'', ''দ্য নেটিভিটি ষ্ট’ৰী''ত এলিজাবেথ আৰু ''দ্য চিষ্টাৰহুড অৱ দ্য ট্ৰেভেলিং পেণ্টছ ২''ৰ দৰে চলচ্চিত্ৰত সহকাৰী চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। ২০০৮ চনত আঘদাচলুৱে লছ এঞ্জেলছত অনুষ্ঠিত দ্বিতীয় বাৰ্ষিক নুৰ ইৰানীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত অফিচিয়েল জুৰী হিচাপে সেৱা আগবঢ়ায়। একেটা বছৰতে তেওঁ ''দ্য ষ্টোনিং অৱ চুৰায়া এম.'' ছবিত জহ্ৰা খানুমৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে <ref>{{cite web |url=http://dailymailnews.com/0710/17/ShowBiz/index.php?id=3 |title=Shohreh speaks against stoning |publisher=Dailymailnews.com |date=July 17, 2010 |access-date=July 26, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219080110/http://dailymailnews.com/0710/17/ShowBiz/index.php?id=3 |archive-date=December 19, 2010 }}</ref>। ই আছিল আমেৰিকাৰ পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য ছবিত তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ। অৱশ্যে চলচ্চিত্ৰ বিশেষজ্ঞ হামিদ নাফিচিয়ে এই ছবিখনত তেওঁৰ চৰিত্ৰটোক সমালোচনা কৰি কয় যে ই "মধ্য প্ৰাচ্যৰ বা ইৰানীয়সকলক লৈ গতানুগতিক নেতিবাচক ধাৰণা সৃষ্টি কৰা ছবিত অভিনয় নকৰাৰ তেওঁৰ প্ৰতিজ্ঞাক অৱমাননা কৰিছে" <ref>{{cite book |last1=Naficy |first1=Hamid |title=A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Vol. 4: The Globalizing Era, 1984–2010 |publisher=Duke University Press |year=2012 |page=289}}</ref>। একে বছৰতে তেওঁ এইচবিঅ''ৰ মিনি ধাৰাবাহিক ''হাউচ অৱ চাদ্দাম''ত চজিদা টালফাহৰ চৰিত্ৰ ৰূপায়ণ কৰে, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁ প্ৰাইমটাইম এমী বঁটা লাভ কৰে। ২০০৯ চনৰ ১২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত জৰ্জ ৱাশ্বিংটন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ লিচনাৰ অডিটৰিয়ামত ১৪০০তকৈও অধিক লোকৰ সমাৱেশত আঘদাচলু, লেখিকা ড° আজাৰ নাফিচি আৰু ড° ড্ৱাইট বছিৰে ইৰানত মানৱ অধিকাৰ খৰ্ব আৰু বাহায়ী ধৰ্মাৱলম্বীসকলৰ ওপৰত চলোৱা নিৰ্যাতনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাত মাতে <ref>{{Cite news| title = Azar Nafisi, Shohreh Aghdashloo and Dwight Bashir Join Swelling Chorus in Support of Iranian Baha''is| newspaper = Bahá''í Community of DC, News & Events| publisher = Bahai Faith, Washington DC| date = September 12, 2009| url = http://www.dcbahai.org/news-and-events/74-iranevent09| access-date = September 26, 2009| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101223051732/http://dcbahai.org/news-and-events/74-iranevent09| archive-date = December 23, 2010| archivedate = December 23, 2010| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101223051732/http://dcbahai.org/news-and-events/74-iranevent09| deadurl = yes}}</ref>। আঘদাচলুৰ এই ভাষণ ইউটিউবত আপলোড কৰা হৈছিল <ref>{{cite web | last = Aghdashloo | first = Shohreh | title = Shohreh Aghdashloo on Baha''i Human Rights in Iran | publisher = ctcny9 | date = September 21, 2009 | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yeb_HDTRkbA | access-date = September 26, 2009 | archive-date = September 27, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090927054834/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yeb_HDTRkbA | url-status = live }}</ref>। ২০১০ চনৰ ৯ অক্টোবৰত পাব্লিক এফেয়াৰ্চ এলায়েন্স অৱ ইৰানিয়ান আমেৰিকানচে আঘদাচলুক তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰথম বাৰ্ষিক অনুষ্ঠানত ''কেৰিয়াৰ এচিভমেণ্ট এৱাৰ্ড'' প্ৰদান কৰে <ref>"Announcing the First PAAIA Annual Gala" https://web.archive.org/web/20100927165640/http://www.paaia.org/CMS/announcing-the-first-paaia-annual-gala-.aspx, Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans, October 9, 2010</ref>। আঘদাচলুৱে নিৰন্তৰভাৱে চলচ্চিত্ৰ যেনে ''দ্য অড লাইফ অৱ টিমথি গ্ৰীণ'', ''ছেপ্টেম্বৰ্চ অৱ চিৰাজ'' আৰু ''ষ্টাৰ ট্ৰেক বিয়ণ্ড'' আদিৰ উপৰি টেলিভিছনত অতিথি শিল্পী হিচাপে কাম কৰি গৈছে। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name|0013037}} * {{Tcmdb name|651718{{!}}0}} * [http://www.wordandfilm.com/2014/11/the-shohreh-aghdashloo-you-need-know/ The Shohreh Aghdashloo You Need to Know] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728064115/http://www.wordandfilm.com/2014/11/the-shohreh-aghdashloo-you-need-know/ |date=2015-07-28 }} * [http://www.ghaffaris.com Her heritage and family website] {{Navboxes |title = Awards for Shohreh Aghdashloo |list = {{EmmyAward MiniseriesSupportingActress 2001-2025}} {{IndependentSpiritBestSupportingFemale 2000-2020}} {{Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress}} {{New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress}} {{Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actress}} {{Satellite Award Best Actress Motion Picture}} }} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] kzx5gginr38i2fqk2njzz9igxcsq56w 0 136993 608640 608042 2026-05-25T15:33:39Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''নাহেন্দ্ৰ পাদুন''' ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]: Nahendra Padun): অসমৰ এগৰাকী বিশিষ্ট সাহিত্যিক, ভাষাতত্ববিদ, সমালোচক। তেখেতে অসমীয়া ভাষা, সাহিত্য , সংস্কৃতিৰ লগতে মিচিং ভাষা, সাহিত্য, সংস্কৃতিৰ চৰ্চা আৰু প্ৰসাৰত অৰিহণা যোগাইছে।<ref name="news18">https://assam.news18.com/news/assam/assamese-litterateur-dr-nahendra-padun-critically-ill-undergoing-treatment-in-icu-gb-275233.html</ref> == জন্ম == ১৯৪১ চনত তিনিচুকীয়া জিলাত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। তেখেতৰ পিতৃৰ নাম বেলুৰাম পাদুন আৰু মাতৃৰ নাম আৰুতি পাদুন।<ref name="gu">https://web.gauhati.ac.in/convocation-29/honoris/nahendra-padun গুৱাহাটী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অফিচিয়েল ৱেবচাইট</ref> == শিক্ষা == তেখেতে ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ ৰবৰগুৰি, ফিল'বাৰী, ডুমডুমাত স্কুলীয়া শিক্ষাগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। পাছত ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ কানৈ মহাবিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী আৰু [[গুৱাহাটী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]ৰ পৰা ১৯৬৫ চনত অসমীয়া বিষয়ত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত মাদুৰাই বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা ভাষাবিজ্ঞানৰ প্ৰশিক্ষণ লয়।<ref name="gu"/> == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯৭১ চনত [[শিৱসাগৰ মহাবিদ্যালয়]]ত অসমীয়া বিভাগৰ অধ্যাপক হিচাপে যোগদান কৰা নাহেন্দ্ৰ পাদুনে পাছত মুৰব্বী হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি ২০০৫ চনত অৱসৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="gu"/> == অৱদান আৰু কৃতিত্ব == == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references/> [[শ্ৰেণী:মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠীৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া সাহিত্যিক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] 8cutx4dltho7o8bs303kow4opoi8o3t 608641 608640 2026-05-25T15:35:15Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* অৱদান আৰু কৃতিত্ব */ 608641 wikitext text/x-wiki '''নাহেন্দ্ৰ পাদুন''' ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]: Nahendra Padun): অসমৰ এগৰাকী বিশিষ্ট সাহিত্যিক, ভাষাতত্ববিদ, সমালোচক। তেখেতে অসমীয়া ভাষা, সাহিত্য , সংস্কৃতিৰ লগতে মিচিং ভাষা, সাহিত্য, সংস্কৃতিৰ চৰ্চা আৰু প্ৰসাৰত অৰিহণা যোগাইছে।<ref name="news18">https://assam.news18.com/news/assam/assamese-litterateur-dr-nahendra-padun-critically-ill-undergoing-treatment-in-icu-gb-275233.html</ref> == জন্ম == ১৯৪১ চনত তিনিচুকীয়া জিলাত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। তেখেতৰ পিতৃৰ নাম বেলুৰাম পাদুন আৰু মাতৃৰ নাম আৰুতি পাদুন।<ref name="gu">https://web.gauhati.ac.in/convocation-29/honoris/nahendra-padun গুৱাহাটী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অফিচিয়েল ৱেবচাইট</ref> == শিক্ষা == তেখেতে ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ ৰবৰগুৰি, ফিল'বাৰী, ডুমডুমাত স্কুলীয়া শিক্ষাগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। পাছত ডিব্ৰুগড়ৰ কানৈ মহাবিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী আৰু [[গুৱাহাটী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]ৰ পৰা ১৯৬৫ চনত অসমীয়া বিষয়ত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত মাদুৰাই বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা ভাষাবিজ্ঞানৰ প্ৰশিক্ষণ লয়।<ref name="gu"/> == কৰ্ম জীৱন == ১৯৭১ চনত [[শিৱসাগৰ মহাবিদ্যালয়]]ত অসমীয়া বিভাগৰ অধ্যাপক হিচাপে যোগদান কৰা নাহেন্দ্ৰ পাদুনে পাছত মুৰব্বী হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি ২০০৫ চনত অৱসৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="gu"/> == অৱদান আৰু কৃতিত্ব == {{বিস্তাৰ}} == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references/> [[শ্ৰেণী:মিচিং জনগোষ্ঠীৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া সাহিত্যিক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] dcnf3aiq2pilofcfdf84inxrblqllla 0 136997 608642 608072 2026-05-25T15:36:37Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|তথ্যহীন পৃষ্ঠা}} অসমীয়া কবি j4nrhjwfz05k63ibxg7s05l6pr9fg1w 0 136998 608643 608074 2026-05-25T15:37:14Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|Blank Page}} mq4dki3pbjcpta6n29d1zx4kpi5ods4 0 137004 608649 608130 2026-05-25T15:45:12Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ নিয়ম অনুসৰণ নকৰা পৃষ্ঠা}} '''তেতেলিগুৰি গাওঁঃ (Teteliguri Village)''' অসমৰ তামুলপুৰ জিলাৰ পূব-বাস্কা মৌজাৰ পশ্চিম তামুলপুৰ অঞ্চলত তেতেলিগুৰি গাওঁখন অৱস্থিত। গাওঁখন তামুলপুৰৰ কেন্দ্ৰৰ পৰা পশ্চিমে প্ৰায় ৪ কিলোমিটাৰ দূৰত্বত অৱস্থিত। গাওঁখনৰ সোমাজেৰে তামুলপুৰ-ঘগ্ৰাপাৰ পথটো আছে, যিটো এটা মুখ্য পথ। '''তেতেলিগুৰি গোপাল থানঃ (Teteliguri Gopal Than)''' এই থানখন ঐতিহ্যমণ্ডিত তেতেলীগুৰি গাঁৱৰ পশ্চিম চুবুৰীত অৱস্থিত। পশ্চিম তামুলপুৰ অঞ্চলৰ একমাত্ৰ গোপাল ভগৱানৰ উপাসনাৰ স্থলী। প্ৰতিবছৰে মাঘ মাহৰ পূৰ্ণিমা তিথিত এই থানত "মাঘী উৎসৱ" পালন কৰা হয়। "মাঘী উৎসৱ"ত মাঘ বিহুৰ পৰম্পৰা, ৰীতি-নীতিৰ লগতে দিনযোৰা কাৰ্যসূচীৰে নাম-প্ৰসঙ্গ আদিও কৰা হয়। ভক্তপ্ৰাণ ৰাইজে এই থানখনক পৱিত্ৰ বুলি গণ্য কৰে। '''তেতেলিগুৰি শিৱৰ থানঃ (Teteliguri Shiva Than)''' এই থানখন তেতেলিগুৰি গাঁৱৰ দক্ষিণ চুবুৰীত অৱস্থিত। প্ৰতিবছৰে শিৱৰাত্ৰিত এই থানত দিনযোৰা কাৰ্যসূচীৰে নাম-প্ৰসঙ্গ আদি কৰা হয়। 46d00sv189cgaju1y79zghq4afipw5y 608858 608649 2026-05-26T11:40:39Z হানিফ আলী 19725 +- 608858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Delete|ৱিকিপিডিয়াৰ নিয়ম অনুসৰণ নকৰা পৃষ্ঠা}} {{Infobox settlement | name = তেতেলিগুৰি | image_caption = | seat = | founder = | settlement_type = [[অসমৰ গাঁও|গাঁও]] | map_caption = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map = India Assam | map_alt = | image_map = | motto = | nickname = | image_alt = | timezone1 = [[গ্ৰী.মা.স. +৫.৩০|ভাৰতীয় মান সময়]] | image_skyline = | established_date = | subdivision_type1 = দেশ | established_title = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|ভাৰত}} | subdivision_name = [[অসম]] | subdivision_type = | coordinates_footnotes = | population_note = | utc_offset1 = +৫:৩০ | area_land_km2 = | leader_party = | population_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_footnotes = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_km2 = | population_as_of = ২০১১ | area_footnotes = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | leader_name = | leader_title = | government_footnotes = | timezone1_DST = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = auto | seat_type = | area_code = | footnotes = | website = | iso_code = IN-AS-DB | area_code_type = | population_demonym = | postal_code = | postal_code_type = | utc_offset1_DST = | official_name = | latd = | longd = | longEW = }} '''তেতেলিগুৰি''' ({{Lang-en|Teteliguri Village}}) [[অসম]]ৰ [[তামুলপুৰ জিলা]]ৰ পূব-বাস্কা মৌজাৰ পশ্চিম তামুলপুৰ অঞ্চলত তেতেলিগুৰি গাওঁখন অৱস্থিত। গাওঁখন তামুলপুৰৰ কেন্দ্ৰৰ পৰা পশ্চিমে প্ৰায় ৪ কিলোমিটাৰ দূৰত্বত অৱস্থিত। গাওঁখনৰ সোমাজেৰে তামুলপুৰ-ঘগ্ৰাপাৰ পথটো আছে, যিটো এটা মুখ্য পথ।{{Citation needed}} ==তেতেলিগুৰি গোপাল থান== এই থানখন ঐতিহ্যমণ্ডিত তেতেলীগুৰি গাঁৱৰ পশ্চিম চুবুৰীত অৱস্থিত। পশ্চিম তামুলপুৰ অঞ্চলৰ একমাত্ৰ গোপাল ভগৱানৰ উপাসনাৰ স্থলী। প্ৰতিবছৰে মাঘ মাহৰ পূৰ্ণিমা তিথিত এই থানত "মাঘী উৎসৱ" পালন কৰা হয়। "মাঘী উৎসৱ"ত মাঘ বিহুৰ পৰম্পৰা, ৰীতি-নীতিৰ লগতে দিনযোৰা কাৰ্যসূচীৰে নাম-প্ৰসঙ্গ আদিও কৰা হয়। ভক্তপ্ৰাণ ৰাইজে এই থানখনক পৱিত্ৰ বুলি গণ্য কৰে।{{Citation needed}} ==তেতেলিগুৰি শিৱৰ থান== এই থানখন তেতেলিগুৰি গাঁৱৰ দক্ষিণ চুবুৰীত অৱস্থিত। প্ৰতিবছৰে শিৱৰাত্ৰিত এই থানত দিনযোৰা কাৰ্যসূচীৰে নাম-প্ৰসঙ্গ আদি কৰা হয়।{{Citation needed}} 609rq792nw0nwggfzr90sxdjpkp9xva 0 137005 608728 608508 2026-05-25T21:32:24Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 608728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = চদফ তাহেৰিয়ান | image = Sadaf Teherian Iranian actress 001.jpg | imagesize = | caption = ২০১৭ চনত তাহেৰিয়ান | native_name = صدف طاهریان | native_name_lang = Fa | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|07|21|mf=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://namnak.com/صدف-طاهریان.p22224|title=بیوگرافی صدف طاهریان + عکس|website=نمناک|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = প্ৰাক্তন অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল | years_active = ২০১০–বৰ্তমান | parents = | spouse = | children = | website = }} '''চদফ তাহেৰিয়ান''' (জন্ম: ২১ জুলাই, ১৯৮৮) এগৰাকী ইৰাণী মডেল আৰু প্ৰাক্তন অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Saul|first1=Heather|title=Sadaf Taherian: Iranian actress who published photos on Instagram without a hijab banned from working|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/sadaf-taherian-iranian-actress-who-published-photos-on-instagram-without-a-hijab-condemned-has-a6713996.html|website=Independent|date=29 October 2015 |access-date=2 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/trending/article/iranian-actor-sadaf-taherians-hot-and-sexy-photos-are-creating-a-flutter-online-see-pics/244198|title=Iranian actor Sadaf Taherian's hot and sexy photos are creating a flutter online - see pics|website=www.timesnownews.com|date=22 June 2018 |language=en-GB|access-date=2019-07-24}}</ref> তেওঁ ইৰাণী চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু দূৰদৰ্শনত অভিনয় কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iranwire.com/features/8217/|website=Iranwire|access-date=2 November 2015|title=Iranwire|archive-date=3 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103180923/http://www.iranwire.com/features/8217/|url-status=dead|archivedate=3 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103180923/http://www.iranwire.com/features/8217/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> দেশ এৰাৰ পিছত, তাহেৰিয়ানে [[ফেচবুক]] আৰু [[ইনষ্টাগ্ৰাম]]ত হিজাব অবিহনে নিজৰ ছবি পোষ্ট কৰিছিল, যাক [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু ইছলামিক নিৰ্দেশনা মন্ত্ৰালয়ে গৰিহণা দিছিল। ইৰাণ এৰাৰ পিছত তাহেৰিয়ানে মডেলিং কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁ তুৰস্ক আৰু ইউ.এ.ই. (সংযুক্ত আৰৱ আমিৰশ্বাহী) আদিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন দেশৰ প্ৰসাধন সামগ্ৰী, সৌন্দৰ্য আৰু স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা কোম্পানীসমূহৰ সৈতে কাম কৰে। তেওঁ [[ফাৰ্চী]], তুৰস্কী আৰু [[ইংৰাজী]] ভাষাত সাৱলীল। == কৰ্মজীৱন == === অভিনয় জীৱন === তাহেৰিয়ানে ২০১১ চনত ''ন'বডী, ন'ৱেয়াৰ'' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ পেছাদাৰী অভিনয় জীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=139102110208/|title=.: Iranian Movie DataBase صدف طاهريان :.|website=www.sourehcinema.com|access-date=2019-08-23|archivedate=2018-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625050214/http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=139102110208/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.etelanews.com/fa/news/62572/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%81-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86|title=بیوگرافی صدف طاهریان|last=habibi|first=soha|website=اطلاع نیوز|language=fa-ir|archive-url=https://archive.org|archive-date=2019-08-23|url-status=|access-date=2019-08-23|archivedate=2019-08-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823133549/https://www.etelanews.com/fa/news/62572/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%81-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ 'উডপেকাৰ' (২০১১) আৰু ''লাইক এ ড্ৰিম'' (২০১২) আদিকে ধৰি চাৰিখন ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰে। ==== হিজাব আঁতৰোৱা ঘটনা ==== ২০১৫ চনত অক্টোবৰ মাহত তাহেৰিয়ানে মূৰত ওৰণি বা স্কাৰ্ফ ল’বলৈ বাধ্য কৰাৰ প্ৰতিবাদত ফেচবুক আৰু ইনষ্টাগ্ৰামত নিজৰ হিজাববিহীন ছবি পোষ্ট কৰে আৰু কয় যে তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ "লেতেৰা চিনেমা"ৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাত মাতিব।<ref>{{cite news|title=حاشیه‌های 'کشف حجاب' دو بازیگر زن ایرانی|url=http://www.bbc.com/persian/arts/2015/10/151031_l41_cinema_unveil_actors_reactions|access-date=2 November 2015|publisher=BBC Persian}}</ref> তেওঁ নিজৰ ইনষ্টাগ্ৰাম একাউণ্টত ভিডিঅ' পোষ্ট কৰি জনাইছিল যে তেওঁ দেশ এৰি ওচৰৰে ডুবাই লৈ গুচি গৈছে আৰু তেওঁৰ একাউণ্ট হেক হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{cite news|title=بازیگر زن ایرانی کشف حجاب کرد/جنجال تازه در اینستاگرام و شبکه های اجتماعی|url=http://tarafdari.com...|access-date=2 November 2015|publisher=Tarafdari|archive-date=24 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024001406/http://www.tarafdari.com/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1/404435/...|url-status=dead}}</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনত ইছলামিক গণৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱাৰ পিছৰেপৰা ইৰাণৰ আইন অনুসৰি মহিলাৰ বাবে হিজাব পিন্ধাটো বাধ্যতামূলক কৰা হৈছে। তাহেৰিয়ানৰ এই পদক্ষেপৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়াত ইৰাণৰ সংস্কৃতি আৰু ইছলামিক নিৰ্দেশনা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ে তেওঁক ''অনৈতিক'' বুলি গৰিহণা দিয়ে, তেওঁৰ অভিনয় নিষিদ্ধ কৰে আৰু ফটোশ্বপৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁৰ ছবিত পুনৰ পৰম্পৰাগত স্কাৰ্ফখন লগাই দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite news|title=Iranian actress loses job after posting her images without head scarf|url=https://asiatimes.com/2015/10/iranian-actress-loses-job-after-posting-her-images-without-head-scarf/|access-date=2 November 2015|publisher=AT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/sadaf-taherian-iranian-actress-who-published-photos-on-instagram-without-a-hijab-condemned-has-a6713996.html|title=Iranian actress condemned as 'immoral' and banned from working for no hijab Instagram pictures|date=October 29, 2015|website=The Independent}}</ref> === মডেলিং কেৰিয়াৰ === ইৰাণ এৰাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মডেলিং কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁ বিভিন্ন প্ৰসাধন সামগ্ৰী, সৌন্দৰ্য আৰু স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা কোম্পানীৰ সৈতে মডেল হিচাপে কাম কৰে। ২০১৬ চনত এছিয়াৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ স্বাস্থ্য আৰু সৌন্দৰ্যসেৱা চেইন ষ্টৰ হিচাপে পৰিচিত ''ৱাটচনছ''-এ সৌন্দৰ্য আৰু স্বাস্থ্য সামগ্ৰীৰ বিজ্ঞাপনৰ বাবে তাহেৰিয়ানৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref name="Watsons location">{{Cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/article/2170198/story-watson-hong-kong-pharmacy-worlds-largest-health-and-beauty-group|title=Watsons: the story of the oldest established business in Hong Kong|author=Richard Lord|date=27 October 2018|access-date=21 January 2018|publisher=South China Morning Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://saten.ir|title=صدف طاهریان مدل تبلیغات محصولات دست چندم ترکیه +عکس|last=مدیر|website=ساتین|language=fa-IR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823140005/http://saten.ir|archive-date=2019-08-23|url-status=|access-date=2019-08-23}}</ref> তেওঁৰ ছবি বহুতো সৌন্দৰ্য আৰু ফেশ্বন আলোচনীত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, কিন্তু তেওঁৰ নিজৰ দেশত নহয়।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://namnak.com/صدف-طاهریان-در-ترکیه.p39491|title=صدف طاهریان و پیشنهادها در ترکیه!|website=نمناک|language=fa-IR|access-date=2019-08-23}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ কেইবাটাও ফেশ্বন প্ৰচাৰমূলক ভিডিঅ’ৰ সৈতেও জড়িত হৈ পৰিছে। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == ইৰাণ এৰাৰ পিছত, তাহেৰিয়ানে তুৰস্কৰ অভিনেতা ওজগুৰ টেকেৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কত আবদ্ধ হয়।<ref name=":0" /> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name|6419569|name=Sadaf Taherian}} * [https://irmdb.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=139102110208 Sadaf Taherian] On [[:fa:سوره‌سینما|SourehCinema]] (in Persian) [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মডেল]] dmourm7y7kmcrb68c7lmklgvl5jfwfc 4 137032 608650 608620 2026-05-25T15:49:55Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608650 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:m:Wiki Loves Iran 2026/as|ৱিকি লাভচ ইৰাণ ২০২৬]] এটি আন্তৰ্জাতিক প্ৰতিযোগিতা। এই প্ৰতিযোগিতাত ৫ জন অসমীয়া ৱিকিমিডিয়ানে ভাগ লৈ তলত দিয়া প্ৰৱন্ধসমূহ সৃষ্টি কৰে। ==সৃষ্টি কৰা প্ৰৱন্ধসমূহ== {{multicol}} [[:m:User:Jyoti Chiring|'''জ্যোতি চিৰিং''']] # [[ইৰাণৰ সাহিত্য]] [[:m:User:JyotiPN|'''প্ৰাণজ্যোতি নাথ''']] # [[ৰুমি]] [[:m:User:Kandarpajit Kallol|'''কন্দৰ্পজিৎ কল্লোল''']] # [[ছাত্তাৰ খান]] # [[চাজ্জাদ মাৰ্দানী]] # [[মোজতাবা আমানি]] # [[হামিদ এনায়েত]] # [[জহৰা ৰহনাৱৰ্দ]] # [[মিহৰ আলী]] # [[তালাত বাছাৰী]] # [[হাদিদ ১১০]] # [[হিজাব আৰু শালীনতা বিধেয়ক]] [[:m:User:Duhita Ragini Kalita|'''দুহিতা ৰাগিণী কলিতা''']] # [[হেদিয়েহ তেহৰাণী]] # [[তাৰানেহ আলিদুস্তি]] # [[গোলশ্বিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী]] # [[মহনাজ আফশ্বাৰ]] # [[নেগাৰ জাৱাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[লেইলা হাতামি]] # [[চহৰ দোলাতচাহী]] # [[পৰস্তু আহমদী]] # [[গুগুচ]] # [[চিমিন দানেশ্বৰ]] # [[চীমা কালবাচী]] # [[আজাৰ নাফিচি]] # [[জিবা চিৰাজী]] # [[মহচেন য়েগানেহ]] # [[তায়ালা আছ]] # [[নাজলি তাবাতাবাই-খাটামবখছ]] # [[গোলাব আদিনেহ]] # [[চহৰেহ আঘদাচলু]] # [[শ্ববনাম কোলিখানি]] # [[শ্ববনাম ঘোৰবানী]] # [[শ্বিৰিন আবেদীনিৰাদ]] # [[শাহাব হোছেইনী]] # [[শ্ববনাম মোগাদ্দামী]] # [[চদফ তাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[সাহাৰ জাকাৰিয়া]] # [[সাহাৰ ঘোৰেইচি]] # [[চেতাৰে এস্কান্দাৰী]] # [[সোৰয়া কাছেমী]] # [[পৰ্দীছ পৌৰাবেদীনি]] # [[নাজনীন বনিয়াদী]] # [[আনাহিতা দৰগাহী]] # [[বিতা ফাৰাহী]] # [[মেৰিলা জাৰেই]] # [[শকিলা]] # [[লেয়লা মিলানি]] # [[বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা]] # [[বাৰান কোছাৰী]] {{col-break}} [[:m:User:নৰুনা বৰুৱা|'''নৰুনা বৰুৱা''']] # [[চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন|চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন]] # [[ইৰানৰ ভিছা নীতি|ইৰানৰ ভিছা নীতি]] # [[পশ্চিম এছিয়া|পশ্চিম এছিয়া]] # [[কুৰ্দিছ জনগোষ্ঠী|কুৰ্দিছ জনগোষ্ঠী]] # [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী|ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]] # [[খোৰাছান|খোৰাছান]] # [[শ্বাহ|শ্বাহ]] # [[ফিৰদৌসী|ফিৰদৌসী]] # [[হোছেইন বেহজাদ|হোছেইন বেহছাদ]] # [[কুকু|কুকু]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ|ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ]] # [[আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] # [[প্ৰাচীন ইৰানৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়|প্ৰাচীন ইৰানৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়]] # [[ইৰানৰ বন্যপ্ৰাণী|ইৰানৰ বন্যপ্ৰাণী]] # [[হোছেইন ফাতেমী|হোছেইন ফাতেমী]] # [[১৯৭৯ চনত তেহৰাণত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নাৰী দিৱসৰ প্ৰতিবাদ|১৯৭৯ চনত তেহৰাণত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নাৰী দিৱসৰ প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[হৰমুজৰ যুদ্ধ|হৰমুজৰ যুদ্ধ]] # [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা পাহলৱী|মহম্মদ ৰেজা পাহলৱী]] # [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী|ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰিবেশৰ সমস্যা|ইৰানৰ পৰিবেশৰ সমস্যা]] # [[ইৰানৰ গণমাধ্যম|ইৰানৰ গণমাধ্যম]] # [[তুৰ্কমেঞ্চায়ৰ সন্ধি|তুৰ্কমেঞ্চায়ৰ সন্ধি]] # [[ধঁপাত প্ৰতিবাদ|ধঁপাত প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[ফাৰাহ পাহলৱী|ফাৰাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[অট্টোমান আৰু ছাফাভিদ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ মাজত থকা কুটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক|অট্টোমান আৰু ছাফাভিদ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ মাজত থকা কুটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক]] # [[আলী মিৰ্জা ছাফাভী|আলী মিৰ্জা ছাফাভী]] # [[টেপে ছ'ফালিন|টেপে ছ'ফালিন]] # [[শ্বিৰাজী চালাড|শ্বিৰাজী চালাড]] # [[নেদা হাছানী|নেদা হাছানী]] # [[ইৰানত অপৰাধ|ইৰানত অপৰাধ]] # [[ইৰানত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|ইৰানত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] # [[ইৰান-পাকিস্তান গেছ পাইপলাইন|ইৰান-পাকিস্তান গেছ পাইপলাইন]] # [[আখালৰ চুক্তি|আখালৰ চুক্তি]] # [[অৰ্মিতা গেৰাভাণ্ডৰ মৃত্যু|অৰ্মিতা গেৰাভাণ্ডৰ মৃত্যু]] # [[ইৰানৰ ইতিহাস|ইৰানৰ ইতিহাস]] # [[আজাদী টাৱাৰ|আজাদী টাৱাৰ]] # [[গণ্ডিছাপুৰ একাডেমী|গণ্ডিছাপুৰ একাডেমী]] # [[বাৰামিন কাৰ্পেট|বাৰামিন কাৰ্পেট]] # [[খাজু দলং|খাজু দলং]] # [[তাৰহানা|তৰহানা]] # [[এলনাজ ৰেকাবি|এলনাজ ৰেকাবি]] # [[টালিছ পৰ্বতমালা|টালিছ পৰ্বতমালা]] # [[পাহলৱীৰ শাসনকালত ইৰানত মানৱ অধিকাৰ|পাহলৱীৰ শাসনকালত ইৰানত মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] # [[ইৰানৰ জলবায়ু পৰিবৰ্তন|ইৰানৰ জলবায়ু পৰিবৰ্তন]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰ্যটন|ইৰানৰ পৰ্যটন]] # [[আলভাণ্ড|আলভাণ্ড]] # [[আলবেৰুণী|আলবেৰুণী]] {{col-end}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকি লাভচ ইৰাণ ২০২৬]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকিপিডিয়া সম্পাদনা মেলা]] ozxbfjzvadfhi23s570hyk8mfzz9s13 608664 608650 2026-05-25T16:25:08Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608664 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:m:Wiki Loves Iran 2026/as|ৱিকি লাভচ ইৰাণ ২০২৬]] এটি আন্তৰ্জাতিক প্ৰতিযোগিতা। এই প্ৰতিযোগিতাত ৫ জন অসমীয়া ৱিকিমিডিয়ানে ভাগ লৈ তলত দিয়া প্ৰৱন্ধসমূহ সৃষ্টি কৰে। ==সৃষ্টি কৰা প্ৰৱন্ধসমূহ== {{multicol}} [[:m:User:Jyoti Chiring|'''জ্যোতি চিৰিং''']] # [[ইৰাণৰ সাহিত্য]] [[:m:User:JyotiPN|'''প্ৰাণজ্যোতি নাথ''']] # [[ৰুমি]] [[:m:User:Kandarpajit Kallol|'''কন্দৰ্পজিৎ কল্লোল''']] # [[ছাত্তাৰ খান]] # [[চাজ্জাদ মাৰ্দানী]] # [[মোজতাবা আমানি]] # [[হামিদ এনায়েত]] # [[জহৰা ৰহনাৱৰ্দ]] # [[মিহৰ আলী]] # [[তালাত বাছাৰী]] # [[হাদিদ ১১০]] # [[হিজাব আৰু শালীনতা বিধেয়ক]] # [[মাৰ্জান (গায়িকা)]] [[:m:User:Duhita Ragini Kalita|'''দুহিতা ৰাগিণী কলিতা''']] # [[হেদিয়েহ তেহৰাণী]] # [[তাৰানেহ আলিদুস্তি]] # [[গোলশ্বিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী]] # [[মহনাজ আফশ্বাৰ]] # [[নেগাৰ জাৱাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[লেইলা হাতামি]] # [[চহৰ দোলাতচাহী]] # [[পৰস্তু আহমদী]] # [[গুগুচ]] # [[চিমিন দানেশ্বৰ]] # [[চীমা কালবাচী]] # [[আজাৰ নাফিচি]] # [[জিবা চিৰাজী]] # [[মহচেন য়েগানেহ]] # [[তায়ালা আছ]] # [[নাজলি তাবাতাবাই-খাটামবখছ]] # [[গোলাব আদিনেহ]] # [[চহৰেহ আঘদাচলু]] # [[শ্ববনাম কোলিখানি]] # [[শ্ববনাম ঘোৰবানী]] # [[শ্বিৰিন আবেদীনিৰাদ]] # [[শাহাব হোছেইনী]] # [[শ্ববনাম মোগাদ্দামী]] # [[চদফ তাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[সাহাৰ জাকাৰিয়া]] # [[সাহাৰ ঘোৰেইচি]] # [[চেতাৰে এস্কান্দাৰী]] # [[সোৰয়া কাছেমী]] # [[পৰ্দীছ পৌৰাবেদীনি]] # [[নাজনীন বনিয়াদী]] # [[আনাহিতা দৰগাহী]] # [[বিতা ফাৰাহী]] # [[মেৰিলা জাৰেই]] # [[শকিলা]] # [[লেয়লা মিলানি]] # [[বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা]] # [[বাৰান কোছাৰী]] {{col-break}} [[:m:User:নৰুনা বৰুৱা|'''নৰুনা বৰুৱা''']] # [[চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন|চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন]] # [[ইৰানৰ ভিছা নীতি|ইৰানৰ ভিছা নীতি]] # [[পশ্চিম এছিয়া|পশ্চিম এছিয়া]] # [[কুৰ্দিছ জনগোষ্ঠী|কুৰ্দিছ জনগোষ্ঠী]] # [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী|ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]] # [[খোৰাছান|খোৰাছান]] # [[শ্বাহ|শ্বাহ]] # [[ফিৰদৌসী|ফিৰদৌসী]] # [[হোছেইন বেহজাদ|হোছেইন বেহছাদ]] # [[কুকু|কুকু]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ|ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ]] # [[আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] # [[প্ৰাচীন ইৰানৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়|প্ৰাচীন ইৰানৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়]] # [[ইৰানৰ বন্যপ্ৰাণী|ইৰানৰ বন্যপ্ৰাণী]] # [[হোছেইন ফাতেমী|হোছেইন ফাতেমী]] # [[১৯৭৯ চনত তেহৰাণত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নাৰী দিৱসৰ প্ৰতিবাদ|১৯৭৯ চনত তেহৰাণত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নাৰী দিৱসৰ প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[হৰমুজৰ যুদ্ধ|হৰমুজৰ যুদ্ধ]] # [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা পাহলৱী|মহম্মদ ৰেজা পাহলৱী]] # [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী|ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰিবেশৰ সমস্যা|ইৰানৰ পৰিবেশৰ সমস্যা]] # [[ইৰানৰ গণমাধ্যম|ইৰানৰ গণমাধ্যম]] # [[তুৰ্কমেঞ্চায়ৰ সন্ধি|তুৰ্কমেঞ্চায়ৰ সন্ধি]] # [[ধঁপাত প্ৰতিবাদ|ধঁপাত প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[ফাৰাহ পাহলৱী|ফাৰাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[অট্টোমান আৰু ছাফাভিদ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ মাজত থকা কুটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক|অট্টোমান আৰু ছাফাভিদ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ মাজত থকা কুটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক]] # [[আলী মিৰ্জা ছাফাভী|আলী মিৰ্জা ছাফাভী]] # [[টেপে ছ'ফালিন|টেপে ছ'ফালিন]] # [[শ্বিৰাজী চালাড|শ্বিৰাজী চালাড]] # [[নেদা হাছানী|নেদা হাছানী]] # [[ইৰানত অপৰাধ|ইৰানত অপৰাধ]] # [[ইৰানত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|ইৰানত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] # [[ইৰান-পাকিস্তান গেছ পাইপলাইন|ইৰান-পাকিস্তান গেছ পাইপলাইন]] # [[আখালৰ চুক্তি|আখালৰ চুক্তি]] # [[অৰ্মিতা গেৰাভাণ্ডৰ মৃত্যু|অৰ্মিতা গেৰাভাণ্ডৰ মৃত্যু]] # [[ইৰানৰ ইতিহাস|ইৰানৰ ইতিহাস]] # [[আজাদী টাৱাৰ|আজাদী টাৱাৰ]] # [[গণ্ডিছাপুৰ একাডেমী|গণ্ডিছাপুৰ একাডেমী]] # [[বাৰামিন কাৰ্পেট|বাৰামিন কাৰ্পেট]] # [[খাজু দলং|খাজু দলং]] # [[তাৰহানা|তৰহানা]] # [[এলনাজ ৰেকাবি|এলনাজ ৰেকাবি]] # [[টালিছ পৰ্বতমালা|টালিছ পৰ্বতমালা]] # [[পাহলৱীৰ শাসনকালত ইৰানত মানৱ অধিকাৰ|পাহলৱীৰ শাসনকালত ইৰানত মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] # [[ইৰানৰ জলবায়ু পৰিবৰ্তন|ইৰানৰ জলবায়ু পৰিবৰ্তন]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰ্যটন|ইৰানৰ পৰ্যটন]] # [[আলভাণ্ড|আলভাণ্ড]] # [[আলবেৰুণী|আলবেৰুণী]] {{col-end}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকি লাভচ ইৰাণ ২০২৬]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকিপিডিয়া সম্পাদনা মেলা]] jopv85xjkua31hz7om18cr4g1wv5j0r 608703 608664 2026-05-25T18:13:58Z JyotiPN 22102 /* সৃষ্টি কৰা প্ৰৱন্ধসমূহ */ 608703 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:m:Wiki Loves Iran 2026/as|ৱিকি লাভচ ইৰাণ ২০২৬]] এটি আন্তৰ্জাতিক প্ৰতিযোগিতা। এই প্ৰতিযোগিতাত ৫ জন অসমীয়া ৱিকিমিডিয়ানে ভাগ লৈ তলত দিয়া প্ৰৱন্ধসমূহ সৃষ্টি কৰে। ==সৃষ্টি কৰা প্ৰৱন্ধসমূহ== {{multicol}} [[:m:User:Jyoti Chiring|'''জ্যোতি চিৰিং''']] # [[ইৰাণৰ সাহিত্য]] [[:m:User:JyotiPN|'''প্ৰাণজ্যোতি নাথ''']] # [[ৰুমি]] [[:m:User:Kandarpajit Kallol|'''কন্দৰ্পজিৎ কল্লোল''']] # [[ছাত্তাৰ খান]] # [[চাজ্জাদ মাৰ্দানী]] # [[মোজতাবা আমানি]] # [[হামিদ এনায়েত]] # [[জহৰা ৰহনাৱৰ্দ]] # [[মিহৰ আলী]] # [[তালাত বাছাৰী]] # [[হাদিদ ১১০]] # [[হিজাব আৰু শালীনতা বিধেয়ক]] # [[মাৰ্জান (গায়িকা)]] [[:m:User:Duhita Ragini Kalita|'''দুহিতা ৰাগিণী কলিতা''']] # [[হেদিয়েহ তেহৰাণী]] # [[তাৰানেহ আলিদুস্তি]] # [[গোলশ্বিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী]] # [[মহনাজ আফশ্বাৰ]] # [[নেগাৰ জাৱাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[লেইলা হাতামি]] # [[চহৰ দোলাতচাহী]] # [[পৰস্তু আহমদী]] # [[গুগুচ]] # [[চিমিন দানেশ্বৰ]] # [[চীমা কালবাচী]] # [[আজাৰ নাফিচি]] # [[জিবা চিৰাজী]] # [[মহচেন য়েগানেহ]] # [[তায়ালা আছ]] # [[নাজলি তাবাতাবাই-খাটামবখছ]] # [[গোলাব আদিনেহ]] # [[চহৰেহ আঘদাচলু]] # [[শ্ববনাম কোলিখানি]] # [[শ্ববনাম ঘোৰবানী]] # [[শ্বিৰিন আবেদীনিৰাদ]] # [[শাহাব হোছেইনী]] # [[শ্ববনাম মোগাদ্দামী]] # [[চদফ তাহেৰিয়ান]] # [[সাহাৰ জাকাৰিয়া]] # [[সাহাৰ ঘোৰেইচি]] # [[চেতাৰে এস্কান্দাৰী]] # [[সোৰয়া কাছেমী]] # [[পৰ্দীছ পৌৰাবেদীনি]] # [[নাজনীন বনিয়াদী]] # [[আনাহিতা দৰগাহী]] # [[বিতা ফাৰাহী]] # [[মেৰিলা জাৰেই]] # [[শকিলা]] # [[লেয়লা মিলানি]] # [[বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা]] # [[বাৰান কোছাৰী]] {{col-break}} [[:m:User:নৰুনা বৰুৱা|'''নৰুনা বৰুৱা''']] # [[চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন|চাংহাই কোঅপাৰেছন অৰ্গেনাইজ্যেশ্যন]] # [[ইৰানৰ ভিছা নীতি|ইৰানৰ ভিছা নীতি]] # [[পশ্চিম এছিয়া|পশ্চিম এছিয়া]] # [[কুৰ্দিছ জনগোষ্ঠী|কুৰ্দিছ জনগোষ্ঠী]] # [[ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী|ৰুহোল্লাহ খোমেইনী]] # [[খোৰাছান|খোৰাছান]] # [[শ্বাহ|শ্বাহ]] # [[ফিৰদৌসী|ফিৰদৌসী]] # [[হোছেইন বেহজাদ|হোছেইন বেহছাদ]] # [[কুকু|কুকু]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ|ইৰাণৰ পৰা মানৱ মূলধনৰ বহিঃপ্ৰবাহ]] # [[আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী|আৰ্গো ফেক্টৰী]] # [[প্ৰাচীন ইৰানৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়|প্ৰাচীন ইৰানৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়]] # [[ইৰানৰ বন্যপ্ৰাণী|ইৰানৰ বন্যপ্ৰাণী]] # [[হোছেইন ফাতেমী|হোছেইন ফাতেমী]] # [[১৯৭৯ চনত তেহৰাণত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নাৰী দিৱসৰ প্ৰতিবাদ|১৯৭৯ চনত তেহৰাণত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নাৰী দিৱসৰ প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[হৰমুজৰ যুদ্ধ|হৰমুজৰ যুদ্ধ]] # [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা পাহলৱী|মহম্মদ ৰেজা পাহলৱী]] # [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী|ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰিবেশৰ সমস্যা|ইৰানৰ পৰিবেশৰ সমস্যা]] # [[ইৰানৰ গণমাধ্যম|ইৰানৰ গণমাধ্যম]] # [[তুৰ্কমেঞ্চায়ৰ সন্ধি|তুৰ্কমেঞ্চায়ৰ সন্ধি]] # [[ধঁপাত প্ৰতিবাদ|ধঁপাত প্ৰতিবাদ]] # [[ফাৰাহ পাহলৱী|ফাৰাহ পাহলৱী]] # [[অট্টোমান আৰু ছাফাভিদ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ মাজত থকা কুটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক|অট্টোমান আৰু ছাফাভিদ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ মাজত থকা কুটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক]] # [[আলী মিৰ্জা ছাফাভী|আলী মিৰ্জা ছাফাভী]] # [[টেপে ছ'ফালিন|টেপে ছ'ফালিন]] # [[শ্বিৰাজী চালাড|শ্বিৰাজী চালাড]] # [[নেদা হাছানী|নেদা হাছানী]] # [[ইৰানত অপৰাধ|ইৰানত অপৰাধ]] # [[ইৰানত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|ইৰানত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] # [[ইৰান-পাকিস্তান গেছ পাইপলাইন|ইৰান-পাকিস্তান গেছ পাইপলাইন]] # [[আখালৰ চুক্তি|আখালৰ চুক্তি]] # [[অৰ্মিতা গেৰাভাণ্ডৰ মৃত্যু|অৰ্মিতা গেৰাভাণ্ডৰ মৃত্যু]] # [[ইৰানৰ ইতিহাস|ইৰানৰ ইতিহাস]] # [[আজাদী টাৱাৰ|আজাদী টাৱাৰ]] # [[গণ্ডিছাপুৰ একাডেমী|গণ্ডিছাপুৰ একাডেমী]] # [[বাৰামিন কাৰ্পেট|বাৰামিন কাৰ্পেট]] # [[খাজু দলং|খাজু দলং]] # [[তাৰহানা|তৰহানা]] # [[এলনাজ ৰেকাবি|এলনাজ ৰেকাবি]] # [[টালিছ পৰ্বতমালা|টালিছ পৰ্বতমালা]] # [[পাহলৱীৰ শাসনকালত ইৰানত মানৱ অধিকাৰ|পাহলৱীৰ শাসনকালত ইৰানত মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] # [[ইৰানৰ জলবায়ু পৰিবৰ্তন|ইৰানৰ জলবায়ু পৰিবৰ্তন]] # [[ইৰানৰ পৰ্যটন|ইৰানৰ পৰ্যটন]] # [[আলভাণ্ড|আলভাণ্ড]] # [[আলবেৰুণী|আলবেৰুণী]] # [[কোফটা|কোফটা]] {{col-end}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকি লাভচ ইৰাণ ২০২৬]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকিপিডিয়া সম্পাদনা মেলা]] pwkdnr4yj4v03u20elkdadpm5gdm714 0 137040 608623 608605 2026-05-25T13:02:55Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = লেয়লা মিলানি | image = Leyla Milani 1.jpg | caption = ২০০৭ চনত মিলানি | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1982|4|2}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল, দূৰদৰ্শন তৰণী, ফেশ্বন ডিজাইনাৰ | spouse = {{marriage|মনুচেহৰ খোশবিন|2011}} | children = ২ | yearsactive = ২০০২–বৰ্তমান }} '''লেয়লা মিলানি খোশবিন''' (জন্ম ২ এপ্ৰিল, ১৯৮২) হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী-কানাডিয়ান-আমেৰিকান মডেল, দূৰদৰ্শন তৰণী আৰু অৱসৰপ্ৰাপ্ত অভিনেত্ৰী। মিলানিৰ জন্ম ইৰানত হৈছিল আৰু মাত্ৰ ৪ বছৰ বয়সতে তেওঁ কানাডাৰ টৰণ্টোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হৈছিল। লেয়লাই ২০০৫ চনৰ ''ডব্লিউডব্লিউই ডিভা ছাৰ্চ'', ''ডিল অৰ নো ডিল'', ''শ্লীপাৰ চেল'', ''লাছ ভেগাছ'', ''ৰুলছ অৱ এনগেজমেণ্ট'', ''এটাক অৱ দ্য শ্ব'! '', ''কাৰ্ব ইউৰ এন্থুজিয়াজম'', ''এণ্টোৰাজ'', ''ষ্টেকড্'', ''ডিজায়াৰ'', ''ৱাণ্টেড'', ''দ্য টুনাইট শ্ব' উইথ জে লেনো'', ''এক্সট্ৰা'' আৰু ২০০৬ চনৰ ''লিঞ্জাৰী বাউল''-ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ''ৰেক্সট্লমেনিয়াক'' আৰু ''ডক্টৰ চপাৰ'' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ দুখনতো অভিনয় কৰিছে। মেক্সিম আলোচনীয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ অনলাইন ‘গাৰ্লছ অৱ মেক্সিম’ গেলেৰীত মিলানি আৰু তেওঁৰ সহযোগী ‘ডিল অৰ নো ডিল’ৰ ব্ৰিফকেছ মডেলসকলক প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maxim.com/girls/girls-of-maxim/44557/leyla-milani.html |title=Girls of Maxim |work=[[Maxim (magazine)|Maxim]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425122709/http://www.maxim.com/girls/girls-of-maxim/44557/leyla-milani.html |archive-date=April 25, 2009}}</ref> == পেছাদাৰী মল্লযুদ্ধ কৰ্মজীৱন == মিলানি ২০০৫ চনৰ ''ডব্লিউডব্লিউই ডিভা ছাৰ্চ''ৰ এগৰাকী প্ৰতিযোগী আছিল, য’ত তেওঁ বিশ্বজুৰি অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা ৮,০০০ গৰাকী প্ৰতিযোগীৰ ভিতৰত দ্বিতীয় স্থান লাভ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ ''প্ৰো ৰেছলিং গেৰিলা''ৰ ‘আফটাৰ স্কুল স্পেচিয়েল’ত অংশ লয়। ডব্লিউডব্লিউই ডিভা ছাৰ্চত অংশ লোৱাৰ পিছৰেপৰা তেওঁ লেয়লা মিলানি নামটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ ইউএছএ নেটৱৰ্কৰ ‘ডব্লিউডব্লিউই ৰ’ ফেন নেচন’ নামৰ বিজ্ঞাপন এটাত অভিনয় কৰে। এই বিজ্ঞাপনসমূহ ডব্লিউডব্লিউই ৰ’-ৰ প্ৰচাৰৰ বাবে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা কেইবাটাও বিজ্ঞাপনৰ এক শৃংখলা আছিল, য’ত ষ্টক ব্ৰকাৰৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বিখ্যাত ৰেপাৰ স্নুপ ডগ লৈকে বহু লোকে অংশ লৈছিল। মিলানি হৈছে জিমী হাৰ্টৰ কেৱল মহিলা মল্লযুঁজাৰুসকলৰ শ্ব’ ''ৰেছলিচিয়াছ টেকডাউন''ৰ প্ৰাক্তন সহ-আঁতধৰোঁতা, যিটো ২০১০ চনৰ ১ মাৰ্চত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে সম্প্ৰচাৰিত হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে সময়ৰ সংঘাতৰ বাবে ২০১০ চনৰ ৩১ মাৰ্চৰ খণ্ডটোত তেওঁৰ স্থানত ব্ৰুক লিনক অনা হৈছিল। == ডিল অৰ নো ডিল (২০০৫–২০০৯) == মিলানি ২০০৫ চনৰপৰা ২০০৯ চনলৈ এনবিচিৰ প্ৰাইম-টাইম গেম শ্ব’ ''ডিল অৰ নো ডিল''-ত এগৰাকী মডেল হিচাপে কৰ্মৰত আছিল। তেওঁ মূলতঃ নিজৰ “সিংহৰ দৰে” চুলিৰ বাবে পৰিচিত আছিল আৰু অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ আৰম্ভণিৰেপৰা ১৩ নম্বৰ ব্ৰিফকেছটো হাতত লৈছিল। যদিও সাধাৰণতে ১৩ সংখ্যাটোক আটাইতকৈ দুৰ্ভাগ্যজনক বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়, তথাপি এই অনুষ্ঠানত তেওঁক প্ৰায়ে “লাকী লেয়লা” বা “লাকী ১৩” বুলি সম্বোধন কৰা হৈছিল; কাৰণ কেইবাবাৰো তেওঁৰ বক্সত ৬টা অংকৰ ধন আছিল আৰু আঠটা খণ্ডত ইয়াত ১,০০০,০০০ ডলাৰৰ সৰ্বোচ্চ পুৰস্কাৰো ওলাইছিল। তথাপি, এনবিচিয়ে এবাৰ অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ আৰম্ভণিতে উল্লেখ কৰিছিল যে সকলো ডাঙৰ ধনৰ পৰিমাণ ধৰি ৰখাৰ বাবে আৰু আৰম্ভণিতে নিৰ্বাচিত নোহোৱাৰ বাবে প্ৰথম ছিজনৰ বেছিভাগ সময়তে ১৩ নম্বৰ বক্সটো অতি দুৰ্ভাগ্যজনক প্ৰমাণিত হৈছিল। দ্বিতীয় ছিজনৰ অন্ততঃ এটা খণ্ডত ১৩ নম্বৰ বক্সটোত ৭টা অংকৰ অৰ্থাৎ নিযুত ডলাৰৰ পুৰস্কাৰ আছিল।<ref>(September 29, 2006) [http://www.gameshownewsnet.com/prime/dond2/092906.html Episode 2.7.] ''GameShowNews.com''. Accessed May 15, 2007.</ref> মিলানি আৰু তেওঁৰ সহযোগী ‘ডিল অৰ নো ডিল’ৰ মডেলসকলে “প্ৰিয় টিভি মডেল” শিতানত গেম শ্ব’ নেটৱৰ্ক বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। ২০০৯ চনৰ ৬ জুনত মিলানি আৰু আন ৪ গৰাকী মডেলে জিএছএন-ত এই বঁটা গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ‘ডিল অৰ নো ডিল’ অনুষ্ঠানে একেৰাহে দুবছৰ ধৰি প্ৰিয় গেম শ্ব’ হিচাপে পিপলছ চয়েছ বঁটাও লাভ কৰিছিল। ''দ্য অপ্ৰা ৱিনফ্ৰে শ্ব’''-ত বিশেষভাৱে উপস্থিত হ’বলৈ নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা কেইগৰাকীমান মডেলৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁ অন্যতম আছিল। অপ্ৰাই লেয়লাৰ বক্সটো (এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ বাবে ৮ নম্বৰ বক্স) বাছি লৈছিল। পিছলৈ অপ্ৰাই লেয়লাৰ নামটো বাৰে বাৰে উচ্চাৰণ কৰিছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁৰ পোহনীয়া কুকুৰটোৰ নামো লেয়লা আছিল। মিলানিয়ে ষ্টাইল নেটৱৰ্কৰ অনুষ্ঠান ''স্প্লিট এণ্ডছ'' আৰু জিএছএনৰ গেম শ্ব’ ''কেচ ২১''-ৰ এটা চেলিব্ৰিটি খণ্ডত তেওঁৰ সহযোগী ডিওএনডি মডেল পেট্ৰিচিয়া কাৰা আৰু মাৰিছা পেট্ৰ’ৰ’ৰ সৈতে অংশ লৈছিল। তেওঁ এই অনুষ্ঠানটোটেই ২০১০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিজাকৈ চুলি বঢ়োৱা সামগ্ৰীৰ ব্ৰেণ্ড ‘মিলানি হেয়াৰ’ মুকলি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। == অন্যান্য অনুষ্ঠানত উপস্থিতি == মিলানিয়ে ফক্স নিউজৰ ৰক্ষণশীল ব্যংগাত্মক অনুষ্ঠান ''দ্য হাফ আৱাৰ নিউজ আৱাৰ'' আৰু ''ৰেড আই ৱিথ গ্ৰেগ গুটফেল্ড''-ত এগৰাকী দাতব্য সংস্থাক সহায় কৰিব বিচৰা তাৰকা হিচাপে কেইবাবাৰো অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছে। তেওঁ ফক্স স্পৰ্টছ নেটৰ ‘চেলিব্ৰিটি গলফ টুৰ্ণামেণ্ট’ৰ লগতে ফিউৱেল টিভিৰ মটৰস্পৰ্ট শ্ব’ ''এম৮০''-ৰ আঁত ধৰিছিল। ল’গ’ চেনেলৰ ধাৰাবাহিক ''নোহাছ আৰ্ক''-ত তেওঁ চাকৰিৰ বাবে আবেদন কৰা এগৰাকী মহিলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত এক চুটি অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ এমটিভিৰ ''ট্ৰু লাইফ: আই এম এ টিভি ষ্টাৰ'' আৰু ''মাই ফেয়াৰ ব্ৰেডী''-তো অভিনয় কৰিছে। মিলানিয়ে কৌতুক অভিনেতা পলি শ্ব’ৰ সৈতে ‘এক্সপেৰিয়ান ক্ৰেডিট’ৰ এটা অনলাইন কৌতুক ৱেব ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰিছিল; য’ত তেওঁ বেয়া ক্ৰেডিট থকা এগৰাকী হ’বলগীয়া কইনাৰ চৰিত্ৰ ৰূপায়িত কৰিছিল। এই ৱেব ধাৰাবাহিকখনত অভিনয় কৰা অন্যান্য তাৰকাসকলৰ ভিতৰত আছিল ভিভিকা এ. ফক্স, মাইকেল মেডচেন আৰু ডেনী গ্ল’ভাৰ। তেওঁ ''ৰেক্সট্লমেনিয়াক'' নামৰ স্বতন্ত্ৰ হৰৰ ছবিখনত ‘ডলাছ’ নামৰ চৰিত্ৰটোত অভিনয় কৰিছে,<ref name="bio">"Bio" (2007). ''[http://www.leylamilani.com/ LeylaMilani.com]''. Accessed June 25, 2007.</ref> আৰু ডকু-কমেডী ''বয়েজ এণ্ড গাৰ্লছ গাইড টু গেটিং ডাউন''-ত ‘ৱেষ্টছাইড ফাৰ্চী’ হিচাপে ‘ব্ৰিটানি’ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে। তেওঁ এনবিচিৰ ''লাষ্ট কমিক ষ্টেণ্ডিং'' আৰু ''ফেনোমেনন'' নামৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ একোটা খণ্ডত অংশ লৈছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ২০০৬ চনৰ ''লিঞ্জাৰী বাউল''-ত ৰেফাৰীৰ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল। ২০১২ চনৰ ৮ ডিচেম্বৰত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত টিএলচি চেনেলৰ বিশেষ অনুষ্ঠান ''ছিক্ৰেটছ অৱ এ ট্ৰফী ৱাইফ''-তো মিলানিক প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰা হৈছিল। == মিলানি হেয়াৰ == ২০০৯ চনত মিলানিয়ে ‘লেয়লা মিলানি হেয়াৰ’ নামৰ এটা বিলাসী চুলিৰ যতন লোৱা কোম্পানী প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। কোম্পানীটোৱে বিশেষভাৱে “প্ৰিমিয়াম, ১০০% মানুহৰ চুলিৰ ক্লিপ-ইন এক্সটেনশ্বন” প্ৰস্তুত কৰে। নিজৰ চুলিৰ সৈতে হোৱা সমস্যাসমূহেই তেওঁক এই কোম্পানীটো খুলিবলৈ অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|title=Milani products|url=https://leylamilanihair.com/pages/about-us}}</ref> কেলিফৰ্নিয়াৰ ইৰভিনত অৱস্থিত এই কোম্পানীটো ‘কোশ মিলানি এণ্টাৰপ্ৰাইজছ এলএলচি’ৰ এটা অংশ। ২০০৯ চনৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি এই কোম্পানীটোত ৫ গৰাকী কৰ্মচাৰী আছিল।<ref>{{cite web|title=Entrepreneur Interview: Leyla Milani of Milani Hair|url=http://businessinfoguide.com/entrepreneur-interview-leyla-milani-of-milani-hair/|publisher=BusinessInfoGuide.com|access-date=2011-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411140114/http://businessinfoguide.com/entrepreneur-interview-leyla-milani-of-milani-hair/|archive-date=2011-04-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category|Leyla Milani}} *{{Official website|https://leylamilanihair.com/}} *[http://www.nbc.com/Deal_or_No_Deal/models/leyla.shtml NBC.com's Deal or No Deal Model Profile on Leyla] *{{IMDb name|1768020}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মডেল]] h55hllq6k6b6mifc89o9pr7g2trcikn 0 137042 608624 2026-05-25T13:09:06Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox person | name = বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা | native_name = بهاره رهنما گل تپه | native_name_lang = fa | image = Bahare-rahnama-2022.jpg | caption = ২০২২ চনত ৰহনামা | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|12|01}} | birth_place = আৰাক, [[ইৰান]] | height = | othername = | o... 608624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা | native_name = بهاره رهنما گل تپه | native_name_lang = fa | image = Bahare-rahnama-2022.jpg | caption = ২০২২ চনত ৰহনামা | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|12|01}} | birth_place = আৰাক, [[ইৰান]] | height = | othername = | occupation = {{hlist|অভিনেত্ৰী|লেখিকা}} | yearsactive = ১৯৭৩–বৰ্তমান | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|পেইমান কাচেমখানী|1992|2016|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|আমিৰ খছৰো আব্বাছী|2017|2022|reason=div}} }}<ref>[http://aftabir.com «امیرخسرو عباسی» کیست؟ | همکاری بهاره رهنما و خسرو عباسی پیش از ازدواج | شغل همسر بهاره رهنما]</ref> | children = ১ | website = }} '''বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা''' (ফাৰ্চী: بهاره رهنما; জন্ম ১ ডিচেম্বৰ, ১৯৭৩) হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু লেখিকা। তেওঁ ''টাম্বুৰিন'' (২০০৮) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে হাফেজ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranact.com |title=Biography of Bahareh Rahnama |access-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212162504/http://iranact.com |archive-date=2011-12-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== ১৯৭৩ চনৰ ১ ডিচেম্বৰত ইৰানৰ আৰাকত ফৰাচী পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ ঘৰত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ জালাল ৰহনামা এজন ব্যৱসায়ী আৰু মাতৃ পাৰৱিন কাৱেম মাগ্যামী এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী। ১৯৮০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে তেওঁলোক তেহৰাণলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হৈছিল।<ref>নিকি কৰিমী</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== ===অভিনয়=== ৰহনামাই আইনী অধিকাৰ আৰু ফাৰ্চী সাহিত্যত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী তথা নাট্য সাহিত্যত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ চিত্ৰনাট্য লিখন আৰু অভিনয়ৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম চলচ্চিত্ৰখন আছিল ১৯৯১ চনৰ ''ৱাইপাৰ''। থিয়েটাৰ, দূৰদৰ্শন আৰু চলচ্চিত্ৰ অভিনেত্ৰী হোৱাৰ উপৰিও ৰহনামা এগৰাকী লেখিকাও। তেওঁ ''দ্য নাইটছ অৱ বাৰাৰেক'', ''মোজাফফৰছ গাৰ্ডেন'' আৰু ''শ্বামছ-অল-এমাৰেহ'' ধাৰাবাহিকৰ লিখন কাৰ্যত সহযোগিতা কৰিছিল। ৰহনামাই তেওঁৰ ব্যক্তিগত ব্লগত ৭ বছৰ ধৰি লিখা টোকাৰ সংগ্ৰহ হিচাপে ''ছেভেন নাইটছ ইন এ মান্থ'' নামৰ এখন কিতাপো প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। এই ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰীগৰাকীয়ে বিভিন্ন চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে, যেনে ''টাম্বুৰিন'', ''ছেইণ্ট পিটাৰ্ছবাৰ্গ'', ''নো মেন এলাউড'', ''মেন আৰ ফ্ৰম মাৰ্চ, ৱিমেন আৰ ফ্ৰম ভেনাচ'', ''লাফটাৰ ইন দ্য ৰেইন'' আৰু ''ছেন্সিটিভ লেভেল''। তেওঁ কেইবাখনো ধাৰাবাহিকতো অভিনয় কৰিছে, যাৰ ভিতৰত ''দ্য ষ্ট’ৰী অৱ এ চিটি'', ''আই এম এ টেনাণ্ট'', ''দ্য মেন অৱ এ থাউজেণ্ড ফেচেছ'' আৰু ''গুডবাই চাইল্ড'' অন্যতম। ===ৰাজনৈতিক কৰ্মজীৱন=== তেওঁ ২০০৯ চনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনত মীৰ-হোছেইন মৌছাভীক সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ২০০৯ চনৰ মে’ মাহত মৌছাভীৰ পত্নী জাহ্ৰা ৰাহ্নাভাৰ্ডক সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল আৰু মীৰ-হোছেইন মৌছাভীৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰচাৰৰ অন্যতম সদস্য আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranact.com/cinema/artists/showartist.asp?id=882 |title=Rahnama supported Mousavi |access-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212162504/http://iranact.com/cinema/artists/showartist.asp?id=882 |archive-date=2011-12-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> তেওঁ ইৰানত প্ৰকাশিত ‘চেলচেৰাঘ’ নামৰ এখন সাপ্তাহিক সামাজিক আলোচনীৰ এগৰাকী লেখিকা। ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== তেওঁ ১৯৯২ চনত পেইমান কাচেমখানীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। ২০১৬ চনত এই দম্পতীহালে বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ কৰে। পেইমান এজন ইৰানী চিত্ৰনাট্যকাৰ যিয়ে বেছিভাগ সময় মেহৰান মোদিৰীৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়া নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছে, যাৰ জন্ম ১৯৯৭ চনত হৈছিল। পৰিয়াই তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ সৈতে ''বানো'' আৰু ''মৰ্দ-ই হেজাৰ-চেহৰেহ'' নামৰ দুখন চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে। তেওঁৰ মাতৃ পাৰৱিনেও ২০০৪ চনৰ পৰা ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰি আহিছে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰাক্তন দেৱৰ মেহৰাব কাচেমখানীও এজন লেখক আৰু তেওঁৰ প্ৰাক্তন পত্নী চাগায়েক দেহকান এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>[http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 Family of Bahareh Rahnama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001003803/http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 |date=2011-10-01 }}</ref> ৰহনামাই ২০১৭ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত আমিৰ খছৰো আব্বাছীৰ সৈতে দ্বিতীয় বিবাহ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sarpoosh.com/biography/actors-artists/bahareh-rahnama.html|title= بیوگرافی بهاره رهنما / عکسهای عروسی بهاره رهنما|date= August 17, 2017|newspaper= Sarpoosh}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Marriage of bahare Rahnama with Amir Khosrow Abbasi |url=https://talarnameh.comাজ-%D8%A8%D9%8৭%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8৭-%D8%B1%D9%探%D9%৮৭%D৯%৮১%D৮%A৭-%D৮%A৮%D৮%A৭-%D৮%A7%D৯%৮৫%DB%৮C%D৮%B১-%D৮%AE%D৮%B৩%D৮%B১%D৯%৮ৱ-%D৮%B%D৮%A৮%D৮%A৭%D৮%B৩%DB%৮C/ |website=talarnameh |accessdate=8 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127183812/https://www.talarnameh.com/ |archivedate=27 November 2018 }}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ৰহনামাই সামাজিক মাধ্যমযোগে তেওঁলোকৰ পৃথকীকৰণৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url = https://khabaronline.ir... |title = لایو جنجالی بهاره رهنما...|work =Khabar Online|accessdate =26 July 2022 |date =25 July 2022}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== t34tm48c2tl6of0v2od7jdwfahpudxu 608625 608624 2026-05-25T13:11:06Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা | native_name = بهاره رهنما گل تپه | native_name_lang = fa | image = Bahare-rahnama-2022.jpg | caption = ২০২২ চনত ৰহনামা | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|12|01}} | birth_place = আৰাক, [[ইৰান]] | height = | othername = | occupation = {{hlist|অভিনেত্ৰী|লেখিকা}} | yearsactive = ১৯৭৩–বৰ্তমান | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|পেইমান কাচেমখানী|1992|2016|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|আমিৰ খছৰো আব্বাছী|2017|2022|reason=div}} }}<ref>[http://aftabir.com «امیرخسرو عباسی» کیست؟ | همکاری بهاره رهنما و خسرو عباسی پیش از ازدواج | شغل همسر بهاره رهنما]</ref> | children = ১ | website = }} '''বাহাৰেহ ৰহনামা''' (ফাৰ্চী: بهاره رهنما; জন্ম ১ ডিচেম্বৰ, ১৯৭৩) হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু লেখিকা। তেওঁ ''টাম্বুৰিন'' (২০০৮) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে হাফেজ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranact.com |title=Biography of Bahareh Rahnama |access-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212162504/http://iranact.com |archive-date=2011-12-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== ১৯৭৩ চনৰ ১ ডিচেম্বৰত ইৰানৰ আৰাকত ফৰাচী পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ ঘৰত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ জালাল ৰহনামা এজন ব্যৱসায়ী আৰু মাতৃ পাৰৱিন কাৱেম মাগ্যামী এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী। ১৯৮০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে তেওঁলোক তেহৰাণলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হৈছিল।<ref>নিকি কৰিমী</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== ===অভিনয়=== ৰহনামাই আইনী অধিকাৰ আৰু ফাৰ্চী সাহিত্যত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী তথা নাট্য সাহিত্যত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ চিত্ৰনাট্য লিখন আৰু অভিনয়ৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম চলচ্চিত্ৰখন আছিল ১৯৯১ চনৰ ''ৱাইপাৰ''। থিয়েটাৰ, দূৰদৰ্শন আৰু চলচ্চিত্ৰ অভিনেত্ৰী হোৱাৰ উপৰিও ৰহনামা এগৰাকী লেখিকাও। তেওঁ ''দ্য নাইটছ অৱ বাৰাৰেক'', ''মোজাফফৰছ গাৰ্ডেন'' আৰু ''শ্বামছ-অল-এমাৰেহ'' ধাৰাবাহিকৰ লিখন কাৰ্যত সহযোগিতা কৰিছিল। ৰহনামাই তেওঁৰ ব্যক্তিগত ব্লগত ৭ বছৰ ধৰি লিখা টোকাৰ সংগ্ৰহ হিচাপে ''ছেভেন নাইটছ ইন এ মান্থ'' নামৰ এখন কিতাপো প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। এই ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰীগৰাকীয়ে বিভিন্ন চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে, যেনে ''টাম্বুৰিন'', ''ছেইণ্ট পিটাৰ্ছবাৰ্গ'', ''নো মেন এলাউড'', ''মেন আৰ ফ্ৰম মাৰ্চ, ৱিমেন আৰ ফ্ৰম ভেনাচ'', ''লাফটাৰ ইন দ্য ৰেইন'' আৰু ''ছেন্সিটিভ লেভেল''। তেওঁ কেইবাখনো ধাৰাবাহিকতো অভিনয় কৰিছে, যাৰ ভিতৰত ''দ্য ষ্ট’ৰী অৱ এ চিটি'', ''আই এম এ টেনাণ্ট'', ''দ্য মেন অৱ এ থাউজেণ্ড ফেচেছ'' আৰু ''গুডবাই চাইল্ড'' অন্যতম। ===ৰাজনৈতিক কৰ্মজীৱন=== তেওঁ ২০০৯ চনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনত মীৰ-হোছেইন মৌছাভীক সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ২০০৯ চনৰ মে’ মাহত মৌছাভীৰ পত্নী জাহ্ৰা ৰাহ্নাভাৰ্ডক সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল আৰু মীৰ-হোছেইন মৌছাভীৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰচাৰৰ অন্যতম সদস্য আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranact.com/cinema/artists/showartist.asp?id=882 |title=Rahnama supported Mousavi |access-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212162504/http://iranact.com/cinema/artists/showartist.asp?id=882 |archive-date=2011-12-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> তেওঁ ইৰানত প্ৰকাশিত ‘চেলচেৰাঘ’ নামৰ এখন সাপ্তাহিক সামাজিক আলোচনীৰ এগৰাকী লেখিকা। ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== তেওঁ ১৯৯২ চনত পেইমান কাচেমখানীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। ২০১৬ চনত এই দম্পতীহালে বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ কৰে। পেইমান এজন ইৰানী চিত্ৰনাট্যকাৰ যিয়ে বেছিভাগ সময় মেহৰান মোদিৰীৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়া নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছে, যাৰ জন্ম ১৯৯৭ চনত হৈছিল। পৰিয়াই তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ সৈতে ''বানো'' আৰু ''মৰ্দ-ই হেজাৰ-চেহৰেহ'' নামৰ দুখন চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে। তেওঁৰ মাতৃ পাৰৱিনেও ২০০৪ চনৰ পৰা ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰি আহিছে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰাক্তন দেৱৰ মেহৰাব কাচেমখানীও এজন লেখক আৰু তেওঁৰ প্ৰাক্তন পত্নী চাগায়েক দেহকান এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>[http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 Family of Bahareh Rahnama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001003803/http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 |date=2011-10-01 }}</ref> ৰহনামাই ২০১৭ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত আমিৰ খছৰো আব্বাছীৰ সৈতে দ্বিতীয় বিবাহ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sarpoosh.com/biography/actors-artists/bahareh-rahnama.html|title= بیوگرافی بهاره رهنما / عکسهای عروسی بهاره رهنما|date= August 17, 2017|newspaper= Sarpoosh}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Marriage of bahare Rahnama with Amir Khosrow Abbasi |url=https://talarnameh.comাজ-%D8%A8%D9%8৭%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8৭-%D8%B1%D9%探%D9%৮৭%D৯%৮১%D৮%A৭-%D৮%A৮%D৮%A৭-%D৮%A7%D৯%৮৫%DB%৮C%D৮%B১-%D৮%AE%D৮%B৩%D৮%B১%D৯%৮ৱ-%D৮%B%D৮%A৮%D৮%A৭%D৮%B৩%DB%৮C/ |website=talarnameh |accessdate=8 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127183812/https://www.talarnameh.com/ |archivedate=27 November 2018 }}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ৰহনামাই সামাজিক মাধ্যমযোগে তেওঁলোকৰ পৃথকীকৰণৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url = https://khabaronline.ir... |title = لایو جنجالی بهاره رهنما...|work =Khabar Online|accessdate =26 July 2022 |date =25 July 2022}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Instagram|baharehrahnamaoriginal}} *[https://irmdb.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 Bahareh Rahnama] On [[:fa:سوره‌سینما|SourehCinema]] (in Persian) *{{IMDb name|1288315}} aywbwh94vv26o6ud5dflkk29z2inlqg 608626 608625 2026-05-25T13:12:30Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বাহাৰেহ ৰহণামা | native_name = بهاره رهنما گل تپه | native_name_lang = fa | image = Bahare-rahnama-2022.jpg | caption = ২০২২ চনত ৰহণামা | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|12|01}} | birth_place = আৰাক, [[ইৰান]] | height = | othername = | occupation = {{hlist|অভিনেত্ৰী|লেখিকা}} | yearsactive = ১৯৭৩–বৰ্তমান | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|পেইমান কাচেমখানী|1992|2016|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|আমিৰ খছৰো আব্বাছী|2017|2022|reason=div}} }}<ref>[http://aftabir.com «امیرخسرو عباسی» کیست؟ | همکاری بهاره رهنما و خسرو عباسی پیش از ازدواج | شغل همسر بهاره رهنما]</ref> | children = ১ | website = }} '''বাহাৰেহ ৰহণামা''' (ফাৰ্চী: بهاره رهنما; জন্ম ১ ডিচেম্বৰ, ১৯৭৩) হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু লেখিকা। তেওঁ ''টাম্বুৰিন'' (২০০৮) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে হাফেজ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranact.com |title=Biography of Bahareh Rahnama |access-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212162504/http://iranact.com |archive-date=2011-12-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== ১৯৭৩ চনৰ ১ ডিচেম্বৰত ইৰানৰ আৰাকত ফৰাচী পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ ঘৰত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ জালাল ৰহণামা এজন ব্যৱসায়ী আৰু মাতৃ পাৰৱিন কাৱেম মাগ্যামী এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী। ১৯৮০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে তেওঁলোক তেহৰাণলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হৈছিল।<ref>নিকি কৰিমী</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== ===অভিনয়=== ৰহণামাই আইনী অধিকাৰ আৰু ফাৰ্চী সাহিত্যত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী তথা নাট্য সাহিত্যত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ চিত্ৰনাট্য লিখন আৰু অভিনয়ৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম চলচ্চিত্ৰখন আছিল ১৯৯১ চনৰ ''ৱাইপাৰ''। থিয়েটাৰ, দূৰদৰ্শন আৰু চলচ্চিত্ৰ অভিনেত্ৰী হোৱাৰ উপৰি ৰহণামা এগৰাকী লেখিকাও। তেওঁ ''দ্য নাইটছ অৱ বাৰাৰেক'', ''মোজাফফৰছ গাৰ্ডেন'' আৰু ''শ্বামছ-অল-এমাৰেহ'' ধাৰাবাহিকৰ লিখন কাৰ্যত সহযোগিতা কৰিছিল। ৰহণামাই তেওঁৰ ব্যক্তিগত ব্লগত ৭ বছৰ ধৰি লিখা টোকাৰ সংগ্ৰহ হিচাপে ''ছেভেন নাইটছ ইন এ মান্থ'' নামৰ এখন কিতাপো প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। এই ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰীগৰাকীয়ে বিভিন্ন চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে, যেনে ''টাম্বুৰিন'', ''ছেইণ্ট পিটাৰ্ছবাৰ্গ'', ''নো মেন এলাউড'', ''মেন আৰ ফ্ৰম মাৰ্চ, ৱিমেন আৰ ফ্ৰম ভেনাচ'', ''লাফটাৰ ইন দ্য ৰেইন'' আৰু ''ছেন্সিটিভ লেভেল''। তেওঁ কেইবাখনো ধাৰাবাহিকতো অভিনয় কৰিছে, যাৰ ভিতৰত ''দ্য ষ্ট’ৰী অৱ এ চিটি'', ''আই এম এ টেনাণ্ট'', ''দ্য মেন অৱ এ থাউজেণ্ড ফেচেছ'' আৰু ''গুডবাই চাইল্ড'' অন্যতম। ===ৰাজনৈতিক কৰ্মজীৱন=== তেওঁ ২০০৯ চনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনত মীৰ-হোছেইন মৌছাভীক সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ২০০৯ চনৰ মে’ মাহত মৌছাভীৰ পত্নী জাহ্ৰা ৰাহ্নাভাৰ্ডক সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল আৰু মীৰ-হোছেইন মৌছাভীৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰচাৰৰ অন্যতম সদস্য আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranact.com/cinema/artists/showartist.asp?id=882 |title=Rahnama supported Mousavi |access-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212162504/http://iranact.com/cinema/artists/showartist.asp?id=882 |archive-date=2011-12-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> তেওঁ ইৰানত প্ৰকাশিত ‘চেলচেৰাঘ’ নামৰ এখন সাপ্তাহিক সামাজিক আলোচনীৰ এগৰাকী লেখিকা। ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== তেওঁ ১৯৯২ চনত পেইমান কাচেমখানীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়। ২০১৬ চনত এই দম্পতীহালে বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ কৰে। পেইমান এজন ইৰানী চিত্ৰনাট্যকাৰ যিয়ে বেছিভাগ সময় মেহৰান মোদিৰীৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়া নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছে, যাৰ জন্ম ১৯৯৭ চনত হৈছিল। পৰিয়াই তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ সৈতে ''বানো'' আৰু ''মৰ্দ-ই হাজাৰ-চেহৰেহ'' নামৰ দুখন চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে। তেওঁৰ মাতৃ পাৰৱিনেও ২০০৪ চনৰপৰা ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰি আহিছে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰাক্তন দেৱৰ মেহৰাব কাচেমখানীও এজন লেখক আৰু তেওঁৰ প্ৰাক্তন পত্নী চাগায়েক দেহকান এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>[http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 Family of Bahareh Rahnama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001003803/http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 |date=2011-10-01 }}</ref> ৰহণামাই ২০১৭ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত আমিৰ খছৰো আব্বাছীৰ সৈতে দ্বিতীয় বিবাহ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sarpoosh.com/biography/actors-artists/bahareh-rahnama.html|title= بیوگرافی بهاره رهنما / عکسهای عروسی بهاره رهنما|date= August 17, 2017|newspaper= Sarpoosh}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Marriage of bahare Rahnama with Amir Khosrow Abbasi |url=https://talarnameh.comাজ-%D8%A8%D9%8৭%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8৭-%D8%B1%D9%探%D9%৮৭%D৯%৮১%D৮%A৭-%D৮%A৮%D৮%A৭-%D৮%A7%D৯%৮৫%DB%৮C%D৮%B১-%D৮%AE%D৮%B৩%D৮%B১%D৯%৮ৱ-%D৮%B%D৮%A৮%D৮%A৭%D৮%B৩%DB%৮C/ |website=talarnameh |accessdate=8 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127183812/https://www.talarnameh.com/ |archivedate=27 November 2018 }}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ৰহণামাই সামাজিক মাধ্যমজোগে তেওঁলোকৰ পৃথক্কৰণৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url = https://khabaronline.ir... |title = لایو جنجالی بهاره رهنما...|work =Khabar Online|accessdate =26 July 2022 |date =25 July 2022}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Instagram|baharehrahnamaoriginal}} *[https://irmdb.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 Bahareh Rahnama] On [[:fa:سوره‌سینما|SourehCinema]] (in Persian) *{{IMDb name|1288315}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:লেখিকা]] jd9lsrobrujh5e0evv1emgog445mtb2 608627 608626 2026-05-25T13:12:46Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 added [[Category:অভিনেত্ৰী]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বাহাৰেহ ৰহণামা | native_name = بهاره رهنما گل تپه | native_name_lang = fa | image = Bahare-rahnama-2022.jpg | caption = ২০২২ চনত ৰহণামা | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|12|01}} | birth_place = আৰাক, [[ইৰান]] | height = | othername = | occupation = {{hlist|অভিনেত্ৰী|লেখিকা}} | yearsactive = ১৯৭৩–বৰ্তমান | spouse = {{plainlist| * {{marriage|পেইমান কাচেমখানী|1992|2016|reason=divorced}} * {{marriage|আমিৰ খছৰো আব্বাছী|2017|2022|reason=div}} }}<ref>[http://aftabir.com «امیرخسرو عباسی» کیست؟ | همکاری بهاره رهنما و خسرو عباسی پیش از ازدواج | شغل همسر بهاره رهنما]</ref> | children = ১ | website = }} '''বাহাৰেহ ৰহণামা''' (ফাৰ্চী: بهاره رهنما; জন্ম ১ ডিচেম্বৰ, ১৯৭৩) হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু লেখিকা। তেওঁ ''টাম্বুৰিন'' (২০০৮) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে হাফেজ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranact.com |title=Biography of Bahareh Rahnama |access-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212162504/http://iranact.com |archive-date=2011-12-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== ১৯৭৩ চনৰ ১ ডিচেম্বৰত ইৰানৰ আৰাকত ফৰাচী পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ ঘৰত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ জালাল ৰহণামা এজন ব্যৱসায়ী আৰু মাতৃ পাৰৱিন কাৱেম মাগ্যামী এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী। ১৯৮০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে তেওঁলোক তেহৰাণলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হৈছিল।<ref>নিকি কৰিমী</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== ===অভিনয়=== ৰহণামাই আইনী অধিকাৰ আৰু ফাৰ্চী সাহিত্যত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী তথা নাট্য সাহিত্যত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ চিত্ৰনাট্য লিখন আৰু অভিনয়ৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম চলচ্চিত্ৰখন আছিল ১৯৯১ চনৰ ''ৱাইপাৰ''। থিয়েটাৰ, দূৰদৰ্শন আৰু চলচ্চিত্ৰ অভিনেত্ৰী হোৱাৰ উপৰি ৰহণামা এগৰাকী লেখিকাও। তেওঁ ''দ্য নাইটছ অৱ বাৰাৰেক'', ''মোজাফফৰছ গাৰ্ডেন'' আৰু ''শ্বামছ-অল-এমাৰেহ'' ধাৰাবাহিকৰ লিখন কাৰ্যত সহযোগিতা কৰিছিল। ৰহণামাই তেওঁৰ ব্যক্তিগত ব্লগত ৭ বছৰ ধৰি লিখা টোকাৰ সংগ্ৰহ হিচাপে ''ছেভেন নাইটছ ইন এ মান্থ'' নামৰ এখন কিতাপো প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। এই ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰীগৰাকীয়ে বিভিন্ন চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে, যেনে ''টাম্বুৰিন'', ''ছেইণ্ট পিটাৰ্ছবাৰ্গ'', ''নো মেন এলাউড'', ''মেন আৰ ফ্ৰম মাৰ্চ, ৱিমেন আৰ ফ্ৰম ভেনাচ'', ''লাফটাৰ ইন দ্য ৰেইন'' আৰু ''ছেন্সিটিভ লেভেল''। তেওঁ কেইবাখনো ধাৰাবাহিকতো অভিনয় কৰিছে, যাৰ ভিতৰত ''দ্য ষ্ট’ৰী অৱ এ চিটি'', ''আই এম এ টেনাণ্ট'', ''দ্য মেন অৱ এ থাউজেণ্ড ফেচেছ'' আৰু ''গুডবাই চাইল্ড'' অন্যতম। ===ৰাজনৈতিক কৰ্মজীৱন=== তেওঁ ২০০৯ চনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনত মীৰ-হোছেইন মৌছাভীক সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ২০০৯ চনৰ মে’ মাহত মৌছাভীৰ পত্নী জাহ্ৰা ৰাহ্নাভাৰ্ডক সাক্ষাৎ কৰিছিল আৰু মীৰ-হোছেইন মৌছাভীৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰচাৰৰ অন্যতম সদস্য আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://iranact.com/cinema/artists/showartist.asp?id=882 |title=Rahnama supported Mousavi |access-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212162504/http://iranact.com/cinema/artists/showartist.asp?id=882 |archive-date=2011-12-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> তেওঁ ইৰানত প্ৰকাশিত ‘চেলচেৰাঘ’ নামৰ এখন সাপ্তাহিক সামাজিক আলোচনীৰ এগৰাকী লেখিকা। ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== তেওঁ ১৯৯২ চনত পেইমান কাচেমখানীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়। ২০১৬ চনত এই দম্পতীহালে বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ কৰে। পেইমান এজন ইৰানী চিত্ৰনাট্যকাৰ যিয়ে বেছিভাগ সময় মেহৰান মোদিৰীৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়া নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছে, যাৰ জন্ম ১৯৯৭ চনত হৈছিল। পৰিয়াই তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ সৈতে ''বানো'' আৰু ''মৰ্দ-ই হাজাৰ-চেহৰেহ'' নামৰ দুখন চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে। তেওঁৰ মাতৃ পাৰৱিনেও ২০০৪ চনৰপৰা ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰি আহিছে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰাক্তন দেৱৰ মেহৰাব কাচেমখানীও এজন লেখক আৰু তেওঁৰ প্ৰাক্তন পত্নী চাগায়েক দেহকান এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>[http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 Family of Bahareh Rahnama] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001003803/http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 |date=2011-10-01 }}</ref> ৰহণামাই ২০১৭ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত আমিৰ খছৰো আব্বাছীৰ সৈতে দ্বিতীয় বিবাহ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.sarpoosh.com/biography/actors-artists/bahareh-rahnama.html|title= بیوگرافی بهاره رهنما / عکسهای عروسی بهاره رهنما|date= August 17, 2017|newspaper= Sarpoosh}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Marriage of bahare Rahnama with Amir Khosrow Abbasi |url=https://talarnameh.comাজ-%D8%A8%D9%8৭%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8৭-%D8%B1%D9%探%D9%৮৭%D৯%৮১%D৮%A৭-%D৮%A৮%D৮%A৭-%D৮%A7%D৯%৮৫%DB%৮C%D৮%B১-%D৮%AE%D৮%B৩%D৮%B১%D৯%৮ৱ-%D৮%B%D৮%A৮%D৮%A৭%D৮%B৩%DB%৮C/ |website=talarnameh |accessdate=8 May 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127183812/https://www.talarnameh.com/ |archivedate=27 November 2018 }}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ৰহণামাই সামাজিক মাধ্যমজোগে তেওঁলোকৰ পৃথক্কৰণৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url = https://khabaronline.ir... |title = لایو جنجالی بهاره رهنما...|work =Khabar Online|accessdate =26 July 2022 |date =25 July 2022}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Instagram|baharehrahnamaoriginal}} *[https://irmdb.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112170467 Bahareh Rahnama] On [[:fa:سوره‌سینما|SourehCinema]] (in Persian) *{{IMDb name|1288315}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:লেখিকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] 4bodvwtdi13gmm16yi09till4lle648 0 137043 608628 2026-05-25T13:22:00Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox person | name = বাৰান কোছাৰী | image = Baran Kosari.jpg | caption = ২০১৭ চনত কোছাৰী | native_name = باران کوثری | native_name_lang = fa | birthname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|09|16}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | nationality = | parents = {{plainlist| * জ... 608628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বাৰান কোছাৰী | image = Baran Kosari.jpg | caption = ২০১৭ চনত কোছাৰী | native_name = باران کوثری | native_name_lang = fa | birthname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|09|16}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | nationality = | parents = {{plainlist| * জাহাংগীৰ কোছাৰী (পিতৃ) * ৰাখশান বানী-এতেমাদ (মাতৃ) }} | yearsactive = ১৯৯১–বৰ্তমান | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | website = }} '''বাৰান কোছাৰী''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: باران کوثری; জন্ম ১৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫) হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী। চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা জাহাংগীৰ কোছাৰী আৰু ৰাখশান বানী-এতেমাদৰ ঘৰত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰা বাৰানে তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিয়েই কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। কোছাৰীয়ে দুটাকৈ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ, দুটা হাফেজ বঁটা, দুটা ইৰান চিনেমা চেলিব্ৰেশ্যন বঁটা আৰু দুটা ইৰানৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ সমালোচক আৰু লেখক সংস্থাৰ বঁটাকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন সন্মান লাভ কৰিছে। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== তেওঁ চুৰেহ একাডেমীৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। ১৯৯১ চনৰ ''দ্য বেষ্ট পাপা অৱ দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড'' হৈছে তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম অভিনয়ৰ অভিজ্ঞতা। তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ কেইখনমান চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যাৰ ভিতৰত ''নাৰ্গিছ'' (১৯৯১), ''দ্য ব্লু-ভেইল্ড'' (১৯৯৪), ''মে লেডী'' (১৯৯৭), ''কিশ ষ্ট’ৰীজ'' (১৯৯৮), ''আণ্ডাৰ দ্য স্কিন অৱ দ্য চিটি'' (২০০০) আৰু প্ৰামাণ্যচিত্ৰ ''আৱাৰ টাইমছ'' (২০০১) অন্যতম। ২০০৭ চনত ''মেইনলাইন'' চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ এছিয়া পেচিফিক স্ক্ৰীন এৱাৰ্ডত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-35653547|title= Why are Iranians lip synching to political speeches?|date= February 24, 2016|newspaper= BBC|accessdate= October 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://observers.france24.com/en/20160226-young-iranians-humour-pragmatic-voting-reformists|title= Reformist Iranians use humour to urge tactical voting|date= February 2, 2016|newspaper= France 24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বাৰান কোছাৰীয়ে আজিটা হাজিয়ানৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''অভাৰ দ্য মিৰৰ'' (১৯৯৭) নাটকত অভিনয় কৰি এগৰাকী নাট্য অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপেও নিজৰ পাৰদৰ্শিতা প্ৰমাণ কৰিছিল। == দাতব্য কাৰ্যসূচী == কোছাৰীক ইৰানত চুইডেনৰ ‘য়াৰী দাতব্য সংস্থা’ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে পৰিচিত কৰোৱা হৈছে। য়াৰী হৈছে এক স্বতন্ত্ৰ, অলাভজনক আৰু বেচৰকাৰী সংস্থা যিয়ে “পথৰ শিশু কমক, শিক্ষাৰ্থী বাঢ়ক” শ্ল’গানৰ অধীনত কাম কৰে। এই সংস্থাটোৰ প্ৰধান লক্ষ্য হৈছে শিশুসকলক সৰ্বাংগীন সহায় কৰা, শৈক্ষিক সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰা আৰু সুবিধাবঞ্চিত অঞ্চলৰ বিদ্যালয় তথা পুথিভঁৰালসমূহৰ বাবে সম্পদ যোগান ধৰা। এই প্ৰচেষ্টাক চুইডেনৰ স্পনচৰসকলৰ স্বেচ্ছামূলক আৰ্থিক সাহায্যৰে সমৰ্থন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-17 |title=باران کوثری سفیر انجمن یاری شد {{!}} ایران آنلاین |url=http://www.ion.ir/News/317181.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117063228/http://www.ion.ir/News/317181.html |archive-date=17 January 2021 }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== 7fadifcnhr2vd1urchelbs6zbnzc5ex 608629 608628 2026-05-25T13:25:42Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বাৰান কোছাৰী | image = Baran Kosari.jpg | caption = ২০১৭ চনত কোছাৰী | native_name = باران کوثری | native_name_lang = fa | birthname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|09|16}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | nationality = | parents = {{plainlist| * জাহাংগীৰ কোছাৰী (পিতৃ) * ৰাখশান বানী-এতেমাদ (মাতৃ) }} | yearsactive = ১৯৯১–বৰ্তমান | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | website = }} '''বাৰান কোছাৰী''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: باران کوثری; জন্ম ১৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫) হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী। চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা জাহাংগীৰ কোছাৰী আৰু ৰাখশান বানী-এতেমাদৰ ঘৰত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰা বাৰানে তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিয়েই কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। কোছাৰীয়ে দুটাকৈ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ, দুটা হাফেজ বঁটা, দুটা ইৰান চিনেমা চেলিব্ৰেশ্যন বঁটা আৰু দুটা ইৰানৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ সমালোচক আৰু লেখক সংস্থাৰ বঁটাকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন সন্মান লাভ কৰিছে। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== তেওঁ চুৰেহ একাডেমীৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। ১৯৯১ চনৰ ''দ্য বেষ্ট পাপা অৱ দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড'' হৈছে তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম অভিনয়ৰ অভিজ্ঞতা। তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ কেইখনমান চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যাৰ ভিতৰত ''নাৰ্গিছ'' (১৯৯১), ''দ্য ব্লু-ভেইল্ড'' (১৯৯৪), ''মে লেডী'' (১৯৯৭), ''কিশ ষ্ট’ৰীজ'' (১৯৯৮), ''আণ্ডাৰ দ্য স্কিন অৱ দ্য চিটি'' (২০০০) আৰু প্ৰামাণ্যচিত্ৰ ''আৱাৰ টাইমছ'' (২০০১) অন্যতম। ২০০৭ চনত ''মেইনলাইন'' চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ এছিয়া পেচিফিক স্ক্ৰীন এৱাৰ্ডত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-35653547|title= Why are Iranians lip synching to political speeches?|date= February 24, 2016|newspaper= BBC|accessdate= October 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://observers.france24.com/en/20160226-young-iranians-humour-pragmatic-voting-reformists|title= Reformist Iranians use humour to urge tactical voting|date= February 2, 2016|newspaper= France 24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বাৰান কোছাৰীয়ে আজিটা হাজিয়ানৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''অভাৰ দ্য মিৰৰ'' (১৯৯৭) নাটকত অভিনয় কৰি এগৰাকী নাট্য অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপেও নিজৰ পাৰদৰ্শিতা প্ৰমাণ কৰিছিল। == দাতব্য কাৰ্যসূচী == কোছাৰীক ইৰানত চুইডেনৰ ‘য়াৰী দাতব্য সংস্থা’ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে পৰিচিত কৰোৱা হৈছে। য়াৰী হৈছে এক স্বতন্ত্ৰ, অলাভজনক আৰু বেচৰকাৰী সংস্থা যিয়ে “পথৰ শিশু কমক, শিক্ষাৰ্থী বাঢ়ক” শ্ল’গানৰ অধীনত কাম কৰে। এই সংস্থাটোৰ প্ৰধান লক্ষ্য হৈছে শিশুসকলক সৰ্বাংগীন সহায় কৰা, শৈক্ষিক সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰা আৰু সুবিধাবঞ্চিত অঞ্চলৰ বিদ্যালয় তথা পুথিভঁৰালসমূহৰ বাবে সম্পদ যোগান ধৰা। এই প্ৰচেষ্টাক চুইডেনৰ স্পনচৰসকলৰ স্বেচ্ছামূলক আৰ্থিক সাহায্যৰে সমৰ্থন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-17 |title=باران کوثری سفیر انجمن یاری شد {{!}} ایران آنلاین |url=http://www.ion.ir/News/317181.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117063228/http://www.ion.ir/News/317181.html |archive-date=17 January 2021 }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commonscatinline}} * {{IMDb name}} * [https://irmdb.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112240183 Baran Kosari] On [[:fa:سوره‌سینما|SourehCinema]] (in Persian) * [https://khabarban.com/15258416/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86 سانسور جدید باران کوثری در تلویزیون] askv9fn7v7o4kqj6u2tathltxm4yb5p 608630 608629 2026-05-25T13:26:21Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বাৰান কোছাৰী | image = Baran Kosari.jpg | caption = ২০১৭ চনত কোছাৰী | native_name = باران کوثری | native_name_lang = fa | birthname = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1985|09|16}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | nationality = | parents = {{plainlist| * জাহাংগীৰ কোছাৰী (পিতৃ) * ৰাখশান বাণী-এতেমাদ (মাতৃ) }} | yearsactive = ১৯৯১–বৰ্তমান | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | website = }} '''বাৰান কোছাৰী''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: باران کوثری; জন্ম ১৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৯৮৫) হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী। চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা জাহাংগীৰ কোছাৰী আৰু ৰাখশান বাণী-এতেমাদৰ ঘৰত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰা বাৰানে তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিয়েই কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। কোছাৰীয়ে দুটাকৈ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ, দুটা হাফেজ বঁটা, দুটা ইৰান চিনেমা চেলিব্ৰেশ্যন বঁটা আৰু দুটা ইৰানৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ সমালোচক আৰু লেখক সংস্থাৰ বঁটাকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন সন্মান লাভ কৰিছে। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== তেওঁ চুৰেহ একাডেমীৰপৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। ১৯৯১ চনৰ ''দ্য বেষ্ট পাপা অৱ দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড'' হৈছে তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম অভিনয়ৰ অভিজ্ঞতা। তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ কেইখনমান চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যাৰ ভিতৰত ''নাৰ্গিছ'' (১৯৯১), ''দ্য ব্লু-ভেইল্ড'' (১৯৯৪), ''মে লেডী'' (১৯৯৭), ''কিশ ষ্ট’ৰীজ'' (১৯৯৮), ''আণ্ডাৰ দ্য স্কিন অৱ দ্য চিটি'' (২০০০) আৰু প্ৰামাণ্যচিত্ৰ ''আৱাৰ টাইমছ'' (২০০১) অন্যতম। ২০০৭ চনত ''মেইনলাইন'' চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ এছিয়া পেচিফিক স্ক্ৰীন এৱাৰ্ডত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-trending-35653547|title= Why are Iranians lip synching to political speeches?|date= February 24, 2016|newspaper= BBC|accessdate= October 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://observers.france24.com/en/20160226-young-iranians-humour-pragmatic-voting-reformists|title= Reformist Iranians use humour to urge tactical voting|date= February 2, 2016|newspaper= France 24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি বাৰান কোছাৰীয়ে আজিটা হাজিয়ানৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''অভাৰ দ্য মিৰৰ'' (১৯৯৭) নাটকত অভিনয় কৰি এগৰাকী নাট্য অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপেও নিজৰ পাৰদৰ্শিতা প্ৰমাণ কৰিছিল। == দাতব্য কাৰ্যসূচী == কোছাৰীক ইৰানত চুইডেনৰ ‘য়াৰী দাতব্য সংস্থা’ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে পৰিচিত কৰোৱা হৈছে। য়াৰী হৈছে এক স্বতন্ত্ৰ, অলাভজনক আৰু বেচৰকাৰী সংস্থা যিয়ে “পথৰ শিশু কমক, শিক্ষাৰ্থী বাঢ়ক” শ্ল’গানৰ অধীনত কাম কৰে। এই সংস্থাটোৰ প্ৰধান লক্ষ্য হৈছে শিশুসকলক সৰ্বাংগীণ সহায় কৰা, শৈক্ষিক সুযোগ সৃষ্টি কৰা আৰু সুবিধাবঞ্চিত অঞ্চলৰ বিদ্যালয় তথা পুথিভঁৰালসমূহৰ বাবে সম্পদ যোগান ধৰা। এই প্ৰচেষ্টাক চুইডেনৰ স্পনচৰসকলৰ স্বেচ্ছামূলক আৰ্থিক সাহায্যৰে সমৰ্থন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-17 |title=باران کوثری سفیر انجمن یاری شد {{!}} ایران آنلاین |url=http://www.ion.ir/News/317181.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117063228/http://www.ion.ir/News/317181.html |archive-date=17 January 2021 }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commonscatinline}} * {{IMDb name}} * [https://irmdb.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112240183 Baran Kosari] On [[:fa:سوره‌سینما|SourehCinema]] (in Persian) * [https://khabarban.com/15258416/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86 سانسور جدید باران کوثری در تلویزیون] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] t4ep9bhz7so2ajkjcgzydbjkyox7q8i 0 137044 608632 2026-05-25T13:52:10Z হানিফ আলী 19725 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{not to be confused with|আশ-শু’আৰা}} {{infobox surah | number = ৪২ | number-3 = ০৪২ | name = আশ-শুৰা | name-ar = الشورى | name-en = Council | prev_sura = [[ফুছিলত (ছূৰা)|কোৰআন ৪১]] | next_sura = [[আয-যুখৰুফ|কোৰআন ৪৩]] | classification = [[মক্কান ছূৰা|মক্কী]] | othernames-ar = <!-- alternate Arabic names --> | othernames = | juz = ২৫ | rukus = ৫ | verses = ৫৩ | words = ৯৮৩ | letters = ৩৪৭৩ | muqattaat = হা মিম; আইন ছিন ক্বাফ حم عسق | sajdahs = <!-- only if applicable --> | audio = Chapter 42, Ash-Shura (Mujawwad) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3 }} {{Quran}} '''আশ-শুৰা''' ({{langx|ar|الشورى}}, ''aš-šūrā'', "পৰিষদ, পৰামৰ্শ") হৈছে [[কোৰআন]]ৰ ৪২তম [[ছূৰা]] (অধ্যয়)। ইয়াৰ ৫৩টা [[আয়াত]] (পদ) আছে। ইয়াৰ শিৰোনামটো ৩৮ পদত উল্লেখ কৰা ''"শ্বুৰা" (পৰামৰ্শ)'' পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে। এই শব্দটো কোৰআনৰ পাঠত (৪২:৩৮) আয়তত মাত্ৰ এবাৰহে দেখা গৈছে আৰু ইয়াৰ কোনো প্ৰাক-কোৰানৰ পূৰ্বসূৰী নাই।<ref>al-Baghdādī, Aḥmad Mubārak and Wheeler, Brannon M.,[http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00041 “Consultation”, in: Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān], General Editor: Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Georgetown University, Washington DC. Consulted online on 06 July 2020</ref> [[ওহী]] ([[শ্বানে নুজুল|আছবাব আল-নুজুল]])ৰ সময় আৰু প্ৰসংগভিত্তিক পটভূমিৰ সন্দৰ্ভত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ইয়াক [[মক্কান ছূৰা]] বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা হয়, দ্বিতীয় [[মক্কা]] যুগৰ (৬১৫-৬১৯)। ==সাৰাংশ== *'''১-৩''' সৰ্বশক্তিমানে [[মুহাম্মাদ]]ৰ আগত নিজৰ ইচ্ছা প্ৰকাশ কৰে *'''৪''' পাপী মানুহৰ হৈ [[ফৰিষ্টা|স্বৰ্গদূত]]সকলে [[আল্লাহ]]ৰ ওচৰত মধ্যস্থতা কৰে *'''৫''' [[মুহাম্মাদ]] মূৰ্তিপূজকসকলৰ ওপৰত ৰক্ষক নহয় *'''৬''' [[মক্কা]]ক সতৰ্ক কৰিবলৈ [[আৰবী ভাষা]]ত অৱতীৰ্ণ কৰা [[কোৰআন]] *'''৭-১০''' [[আল্লাহ]] একমাত্ৰ সহায়ক, সৃষ্টিকৰ্তা আৰু ৰক্ষক, সৰ্বজ্ঞানী *'''১১-১৩''' [[ইছলাম]] পূৰ্বৰ সকলো [[নবী]]ৰ [[ধৰ্ম]] *'''১৪''' মুহাম্মাদে [[বাইবেল]] আৰু [[তাওৰাত]]ত নিজৰ বিশ্বাস ঘোষণা কৰিবলৈ আদেশ দিলে *'''১৫''' [[আল্লাহ]]ৰ লগত বিবাদ কৰা লোকক কঠোৰ শাস্তি দিয়া হ’ব *'''১৬-১৭''' আল্লাহে কেৱল বিচাৰৰ সময় জানে *'''১৮-১৯''' সৰ্বশক্তিমানে ধাৰ্মিক আৰু দুষ্ট লোকক তেওঁলোকৰ কৰ্ম অনুসাৰে পুৰস্কাৰ দিব *'''২০''' পাপীসকলে কেৱল আল্লাহৰ সহনশীলতাৰদ্বাৰাই ৰক্ষা পালে *'''২১-২২''' ন্যায়পৰায়ণ আৰু অন্যায়ৰ পুৰস্কাৰ *'''২৩''' মুহাম্মাদৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ছদ্মবেশৰ অভিযোগ *'''২৪-২৭''' প্ৰভু আল্লাহে যাক ইচ্ছা কৰে তাক ক্ষমা কৰে আৰু আশীৰ্বাদ কৰে *'''২৮-৩৩''' আল্লাহৰ শক্তি তেওঁৰ কৰ্মত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল *'''৩৪-৪১''' এজন প্ৰকৃত বিশ্বাসীৰ চৰিত্ৰই সিদ্ধান্ত ল’লে *'''৪২-৪৫''' যিসকলক আল্লাহে ভুল কৰে তেওঁলোকৰ দুৰ্ভাগ্যজনক ভাগ্য *'''৪৬''' পাপীসকলক বহু দেৰি হোৱাৰ আগতেই অনুতাপ কৰিবলৈ উপদেশ দিয়া হৈছিল *'''৪৭-৪৮''' মুহাম্মাদ কেৱল এজন প্ৰচাৰক *'''৪৯''' আল্লাহে সকলো বস্তু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰে *'''৫০-৫১''' আল্লাহে কিয় প্ৰেৰণা আৰু পাঁচনিসকলৰ যোগেদি [[ফৰিষ্টা|স্বৰ্গদূত]]নিজকে প্ৰকাশ কৰে *'''৫২-৫৩''' [[মুহাম্মাদ|হজৰত মুহাম্মাদে]] ˹এই˺ কিতাপ আৰু বিশ্বাসৰ বিষয়ে ˹আগতে নাজানিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wherry |first1=Elwood Morris |author1-link=Elwood Morris Wherry |title=A Complete Index to [[Sale's Text]], Preliminary Discourse, and Notes |date=1896 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co |location=London}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==কোৰআন ৪২:৫১ ইছলামত ওহী== [[ইছলাম|ইছলামিক]] পৰম্পৰাত কোৰআন ৪২:৫১ ইছলামত [[ওহী]] (ৱাহী)ৰ বাবে বুজাৰ ভিত্তি হিচাপে কাম কৰে। :وَمَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُكَلِّمَهُ ٱللَّهُ إِلَّا وَحْيًا أَوْ مِن وَرَآئِ حِجَابٍ أَوْ يُرْسِلَ رَسُولًۭا فَيُوحِىَ بِإِذْنِهِۦ مَا يَشَآءُ ۚ إِنَّهُۥ عَلِىٌّ حَكِيمٌۭ :"''মানুহৰ বাবে আল্লাহে তেওঁৰ লগত কথা পতাটো উপযুক্ত নহয়, কেৱল প্ৰেৰণা যোগে, বা ওৰণিৰ আঁৰৰ পৰা, বা আল্লাহৰ অনুমতি সাপেক্ষে আল্লাহৰ ইচ্ছামতে প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ ৰাছুল পঠিয়াই।" ''<ref>[[Abdullah Yusuf Ali]] translation {{cite quran|42|51|s=ns|b=n}}</ref> এই [[আয়াত]]ৰ আধাৰত [[শ্ৰেণী:ইছলামী ধৰ্মীয় গুৰু|ইছলামিক পণ্ডিতসকলে]] তিনিটা উপায় বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে যাৰদ্বাৰা আল্লাহৰ অৱতীনে তেওঁৰ নিৰ্বাচিত ব্যক্তি, বিশেষকৈ [[নবী]]সকলৰ ওচৰলৈ যাব পাৰে।<ref name="MQ">Muhammad Shafi Usmani, ''[[Maariful Quran]]'', see commentary on 42:51</ref> *এটা অনুপ্ৰাণিত বাৰ্তা – এটা শব্দ নহয় এটা ধাৰণা – হয় চেতনাৰ অৱস্থাত নহয় সপোনত নিৰ্বাচিত ব্যক্তিসকলৰ হৃদয়ত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="Ali70">{{cite book |last=Ali |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Ali (writer) |title=The Religion of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=etnEKz_rOfgC&pg=PT70 |year=1936 |location=[[Lahore]] |page=70|isbn=9781934271186 }}</ref> *দ্বিতীয় মোড, কোৱা হয়, পৰ্দাৰ আঁৰৰপৰা যেন কথা কোৱা ব্যক্তিজনে শুনা শব্দ।<ref name="Ali70"/> *তৃতীয় ধৰণত প্ৰকাশিত বাক্য আল্লাহৰপৰা [[জিব্ৰাইল]]ৰ দৰে প্ৰধান [[ফৰিষ্টা|স্বৰ্গদূত]]ৰ যোগেদি পঠোৱা হয় আৰু ভাববাদীসকলৰ হাতত প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ই [[ওহী]]ৰ সৰ্বোচ্চ ৰূপ, আৰু [[মুছলমান]]সকলে বিশ্বাস কৰে যে সমগ্ৰ [[কোৰআন]] এই ধৰণে অৱতীৰ্ণ হৈছিল।<ref name="MQ"/><ref name="Ali70"/> ==তথ্যসমূহ== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{commons category}} * {{Wikisource-inline|The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (1930)/Counsel|Counsel|single=true}}, 1930 translation by Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall *[https://quran.com/42 Quran 42], 2020 translation by Mustafa Khattab *[https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/42/1/ Q42:1], a verse-by-verse comparison of various translations {{Al-Quran's Suras}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ছূৰা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:আল-কোৰআনৰ ছূৰাসমূহ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মক্কান ছূৰা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইছলাম ধৰ্ম]] 9v6cg66ylqhb5u5xiqjwrc945udevnb 0 137045 608652 2026-05-25T16:09:07Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|... 608652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ({{langx|fa|شهلا صافی ضمیر}}; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে] তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ থমকাই দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== 6p8lbbo0e5eq4bkcadq18edrjqmswpu 608653 608652 2026-05-25T16:09:33Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে] তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ থমকাই দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== h1pgk99df7s2b4q372c0uali8jx9w02 608654 608653 2026-05-25T16:10:14Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== 0e5zlhs6ny10i6wabh0v75357p4t9wi 608655 608654 2026-05-25T16:10:39Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 added [[Category:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608655 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] n4npz5no24xfjlqcbh04z0ueo2vt5qk 608656 608655 2026-05-25T16:14:38Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608656 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯ND চনত [[তেহৰান]]ত।<ref name="myheritage">{{cite web|title=Marjan|url=https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2814987/marjan-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people|accessdate=22 November 2018|website=myheritage.com}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আলী চাফী জমিৰ পৰিবহণ মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ এজন স্থানীয় সঞ্চালক আছিল আৰু মাতৃ কুব্ৰা বাহমানী তবাৰী এগৰাকী প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=سفر مرجان بر بال ترانه‌ها|url=https://article.mojahedin.org/id/46c98fa9-133b-41fe-9722-d1a9553fadf5|access-date=14 June 2020|website=mojahedin.org|language=fa}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=Not reliable.|date=July 2023}} মাৰ্জানে অলৱান্দ হাইস্কুলত প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰে। ১২ বছৰ বয়সতে তেওঁ কিশোৰ-কিশোৰীসকলৰ বাবে প্ৰকাশিত এখন সাপ্তাহিক আলোচনী "এতেলাত কুদকান"ৰ কিশোৰী সাংবাদিক আছিল। একে সময়তে তেওঁ আলোচনীখনৰ সাপ্তাহিক টিভি অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ ভাষ্যকাৰো আছিল।<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان؛ صدای معترضی که خاموش شد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-52947830|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> হাইস্কুলৰ خوনি উত্তীৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মেহদী আলী-মোহাম্মদী (এগৰাকী ৰেডিঅ’ আৰু ডাবিং ভাষ্যকাৰ)ৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ পুপাক নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম হয়। == বৃত্তিজীৱন == [[File:سعید راد و مرجان در فیلم مردی در طوفان1.jpg|thumb|১৯৭২ চনত [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]]ৰ সৈতে মাৰ্জান]] শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰে ২১ বছৰ বয়সত আহমদ শ্বিৰাজীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত 'দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড অৱ হোপ' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে চিনেমা জগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":2" /> সেই সময়ত আন এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী [[শ্বাহলা ৰিয়াহী]]ক শ্বাহলা নামেৰে জনা গৈছিল, গতিকে তেওঁ নিজৰ বাবে মাৰ্জান নামটো মঞ্চ নাম হিচাপে বাছি লৈছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম বিবাহ বিবাহবিচ্ছেদৰ জৰিয়তে অন্ত পৰে আৰু পিছলৈ তেওঁ ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2020|title=نگاهی به فعالیت مرجان در عرصه موسیقی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/tv-and-radio-52952873|access-date=14 June 2020|website=BBC News فارسی|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে চিনেমাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু বহু ছবিত বিভিন্ন চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=Marjan|url=https://genderdesk.wordpress.com/2020/06/06/marjan/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Gender Desk|language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ স্বামীয়ে তেওঁক এগৰাকী গায়িকা হ’বলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁ আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল যে মাৰ্জানৰ কণ্ঠস্বৰ মৃদু আৰু শক্তিশালী আছিল। এগৰাকী তুৰ্কী গায়িকাৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ গোৱা "কভিৰে দেল" (Kavir Del) গীতটোৱে তেওঁক বিখ্যাত কৰি তুলিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় টিভি শ্ব’ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয় এৰি গায়িকা হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ অব্যাহত ৰাখে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sami Beigi's 'Kavir Del' - Discover the Original Song|url=https://www.whosampled.com/cover/667982/Sami-Beigi-Kavir-Del-Marjan-Kavire-Del/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=WhoSampled|language=en}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] azl8piqb2wsd751c51pvhwpjikkw0t2 608657 608656 2026-05-25T16:17:01Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৪৮ চনত [[তেহৰান]]ত।<ref name="myheritage">{{cite web|title=Marjan|url=https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2814987/marjan-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people|accessdate=22 November 2018|website=myheritage.com}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আলী চাফী জমিৰ পৰিবহণ মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ এজন স্থানীয় সঞ্চালক আছিল আৰু মাতৃ কুব্ৰা বাহমানী তবাৰী এগৰাকী প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=سفر مرجان بر بال ترانه‌ها|url=https://article.mojahedin.org/id/46c98fa9-133b-41fe-9722-d1a9553fadf5|access-date=14 June 2020|website=mojahedin.org|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে অলৱান্দ হাইস্কুলত প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰে। ১২ বছৰ বয়সতে তেওঁ কিশোৰ-কিশোৰীসকলৰ বাবে প্ৰকাশিত এখন সাপ্তাহিক আলোচনী "এতেলাত কুদকান"ৰ কিশোৰী সাংবাদিক আছিল। একে সময়তে তেওঁ আলোচনীখনৰ সাপ্তাহিক টিভি অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ ভাষ্যকাৰো আছিল।<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان؛ صدای معترضی که خاموش شد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-52947830|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> হাইস্কুল পৰ্যায়লৈ উত্তীৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মেহদী আলী-মোহাম্মদী (এগৰাকী ৰেডিঅ’ আৰু ডাবিং ভাষ্যকাৰ)ৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ পুপাক নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম হয়। == বৃত্তিজীৱন == [[File:سعید راد و مرجان در فیلم مردی در طوفان1.jpg|thumb|১৯৭২ চনত [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]]ৰ সৈতে মাৰ্জান]] শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰে ২১ বছৰ বয়সত আহমদ শ্বিৰাজীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত 'দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড অৱ হোপ' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে চিনেমা জগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":2" /> সেই সময়ত আন এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী [[শ্বাহলা ৰিয়াহী]]ক শ্বাহলা নামেৰে জনা গৈছিল, গতিকে তেওঁ নিজৰ বাবে মাৰ্জান নামটো মঞ্চ নাম হিচাপে বাছি লৈছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম বিবাহ বিবাহবিচ্ছেদৰ জৰিয়তে অন্ত পৰে আৰু পিছলৈ তেওঁ ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2020|title=نگاهی به فعالیت مرجان در عرصه موسیقی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/tv-and-radio-52952873|access-date=14 June 2020|website=BBC News فارسی|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে চিনেমাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু বহু ছবিত বিভিন্ন চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=Marjan|url=https://genderdesk.wordpress.com/2020/06/06/marjan/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Gender Desk|language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ স্বামীয়ে তেওঁক এগৰাকী গায়িকা হ’বলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁ আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল যে মাৰ্জানৰ কণ্ঠস্বৰ মৃদু আৰু শক্তিশালী আছিল। এগৰাকী তুৰ্কী গায়িকাৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ গোৱা "কভিৰে দেল" (Kavir Del) গীতটোৱে তেওঁক বিখ্যাত কৰি তুলিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় টিভি শ্ব’ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয় এৰি গায়িকা হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ অব্যাহত ৰাখে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sami Beigi's 'Kavir Del' - Discover the Original Song|url=https://www.whosampled.com/cover/667982/Sami-Beigi-Kavir-Del-Marjan-Kavire-Del/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=WhoSampled|language=en}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] 3dpno7u4911a8ccjasyhxgvu10nyc7n 608658 608657 2026-05-25T16:17:49Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৪৮ চনত [[তেহৰান]]ত।<ref name="myheritage">{{cite web|title=Marjan|url=https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2814987/marjan-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people|accessdate=22 November 2018|website=myheritage.com}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আলী চাফী জমিৰ পৰিবহণ মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ এজন স্থানীয় সঞ্চালক আছিল আৰু মাতৃ কুব্ৰা বাহমানী তবাৰী এগৰাকী প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=سفر مرجان بر بال ترانه‌ها|url=https://article.mojahedin.org/id/46c98fa9-133b-41fe-9722-d1a9553fadf5|access-date=14 June 2020|website=mojahedin.org|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে অলৱান্দ হাইস্কুলত প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰে। ১২ বছৰ বয়সতে তেওঁ কিশোৰ-কিশোৰীসকলৰ বাবে প্ৰকাশিত এখন সাপ্তাহিক আলোচনী "এতেলাত কুদকান"ৰ কিশোৰী সাংবাদিক আছিল। একে সময়তে তেওঁ আলোচনীখনৰ সাপ্তাহিক টিভি অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ ভাষ্যকাৰো আছিল।<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان؛ صدای معترضی که خاموش شد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-52947830|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> হাইস্কুল পৰ্যায়লৈ উত্তীৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মেহদী আলী-মোহাম্মদী (এগৰাকী ৰেডিঅ’ আৰু ডাবিং ভাষ্যকাৰ)ৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ পুপাক নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম হয়। == বৃত্তিজীৱন == [[File:سعید راد و مرجان در فیلم مردی در طوفان1.jpg|thumb|১৯৭২ চনত ছাঈদ ৰাদৰ সৈতে মাৰ্জান]] শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰে ২১ বছৰ বয়সত আহমদ শ্বিৰাজীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত 'দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড অৱ হোপ' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে চিনেমা জগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":2" /> সেই সময়ত আন এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী শ্বাহলা ৰিয়াহীক শ্বাহলা নামেৰে জনা গৈছিল, গতিকে তেওঁ নিজৰ বাবে মাৰ্জান নামটো মঞ্চ নাম হিচাপে বাছি লৈছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম বিবাহ বিবাহবিচ্ছেদৰ জৰিয়তে অন্ত পৰে আৰু পিছলৈ তেওঁ ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2020|title=نگاهی به فعالیت مرجان در عرصه موسیقی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/tv-and-radio-52952873|access-date=14 June 2020|website=BBC News فارسی|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে চিনেমাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু বহু ছবিত বিভিন্ন চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=Marjan|url=https://genderdesk.wordpress.com/2020/06/06/marjan/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Gender Desk|language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ স্বামীয়ে তেওঁক এগৰাকী গায়িকা হ’বলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁ আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল যে মাৰ্জানৰ কণ্ঠস্বৰ মৃদু আৰু শক্তিশালী আছিল। এগৰাকী তুৰ্কী গায়িকাৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ গোৱা "কভিৰ দেল" গীতটোৱে তেওঁক বিখ্যাত কৰি তুলিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় টিভি শ্ব’ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয় এৰি গায়িকা হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ অব্যাহত ৰাখে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sami Beigi's 'Kavir Del' - Discover the Original Song|url=https://www.whosampled.com/cover/667982/Sami-Beigi-Kavir-Del-Marjan-Kavire-Del/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=WhoSampled|language=en}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] bmaqigcizifzn36355j42kxbgbibn00 608659 608658 2026-05-25T16:19:09Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* বাহ্যিক সংযোগ */ 608659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৪৮ চনত [[তেহৰান]]ত।<ref name="myheritage">{{cite web|title=Marjan|url=https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2814987/marjan-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people|accessdate=22 November 2018|website=myheritage.com}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আলী চাফী জমিৰ পৰিবহণ মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ এজন স্থানীয় সঞ্চালক আছিল আৰু মাতৃ কুব্ৰা বাহমানী তবাৰী এগৰাকী প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=سفر مرجان بر بال ترانه‌ها|url=https://article.mojahedin.org/id/46c98fa9-133b-41fe-9722-d1a9553fadf5|access-date=14 June 2020|website=mojahedin.org|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে অলৱান্দ হাইস্কুলত প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰে। ১২ বছৰ বয়সতে তেওঁ কিশোৰ-কিশোৰীসকলৰ বাবে প্ৰকাশিত এখন সাপ্তাহিক আলোচনী "এতেলাত কুদকান"ৰ কিশোৰী সাংবাদিক আছিল। একে সময়তে তেওঁ আলোচনীখনৰ সাপ্তাহিক টিভি অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ ভাষ্যকাৰো আছিল।<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان؛ صدای معترضی که خاموش شد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-52947830|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> হাইস্কুল পৰ্যায়লৈ উত্তীৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মেহদী আলী-মোহাম্মদী (এগৰাকী ৰেডিঅ’ আৰু ডাবিং ভাষ্যকাৰ)ৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ পুপাক নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম হয়। == বৃত্তিজীৱন == [[File:سعید راد و مرجان در فیلم مردی در طوفان1.jpg|thumb|১৯৭২ চনত ছাঈদ ৰাদৰ সৈতে মাৰ্জান]] শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰে ২১ বছৰ বয়সত আহমদ শ্বিৰাজীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত 'দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড অৱ হোপ' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে চিনেমা জগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":2" /> সেই সময়ত আন এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী শ্বাহলা ৰিয়াহীক শ্বাহলা নামেৰে জনা গৈছিল, গতিকে তেওঁ নিজৰ বাবে মাৰ্জান নামটো মঞ্চ নাম হিচাপে বাছি লৈছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম বিবাহ বিবাহবিচ্ছেদৰ জৰিয়তে অন্ত পৰে আৰু পিছলৈ তেওঁ ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2020|title=نگاهی به فعالیت مرجان در عرصه موسیقی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/tv-and-radio-52952873|access-date=14 June 2020|website=BBC News فارسی|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে চিনেমাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু বহু ছবিত বিভিন্ন চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=Marjan|url=https://genderdesk.wordpress.com/2020/06/06/marjan/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Gender Desk|language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ স্বামীয়ে তেওঁক এগৰাকী গায়িকা হ’বলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁ আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল যে মাৰ্জানৰ কণ্ঠস্বৰ মৃদু আৰু শক্তিশালী আছিল। এগৰাকী তুৰ্কী গায়িকাৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ গোৱা "কভিৰ দেল" গীতটোৱে তেওঁক বিখ্যাত কৰি তুলিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় টিভি শ্ব’ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয় এৰি গায়িকা হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ অব্যাহত ৰাখে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sami Beigi's 'Kavir Del' - Discover the Original Song|url=https://www.whosampled.com/cover/667982/Sami-Beigi-Kavir-Del-Marjan-Kavire-Del/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=WhoSampled|language=en}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name}} *[https://open.spotify.com/artist/1Z9AMFrgGmPJAqLqVTzrHZ Marjan] on Spotify [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] l6h202hxpyc39imvnjp67tl2qjpejd1 608660 608659 2026-05-25T16:21:16Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৪৮ চনত [[তেহৰান]]ত।<ref name="myheritage">{{cite web|title=Marjan|url=https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2814987/marjan-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people|accessdate=22 November 2018|website=myheritage.com}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আলী চাফী জমিৰ পৰিবহণ মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ এজন স্থানীয় সঞ্চালক আছিল আৰু মাতৃ কুব্ৰা বাহমানী তবাৰী এগৰাকী প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=سفر مرجان بر بال ترانه‌ها|url=https://article.mojahedin.org/id/46c98fa9-133b-41fe-9722-d1a9553fadf5|access-date=14 June 2020|website=mojahedin.org|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে অলৱান্দ হাইস্কুলত প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰে। ১২ বছৰ বয়সতে তেওঁ কিশোৰ-কিশোৰীসকলৰ বাবে প্ৰকাশিত এখন সাপ্তাহিক আলোচনী "এতেলাত কুদকান"ৰ কিশোৰী সাংবাদিক আছিল। একে সময়তে তেওঁ আলোচনীখনৰ সাপ্তাহিক টিভি অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ ভাষ্যকাৰো আছিল।<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان؛ صدای معترضی که خاموش شد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-52947830|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> হাইস্কুল পৰ্যায়লৈ উত্তীৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মেহদী আলী-মোহাম্মদী (এগৰাকী ৰেডিঅ’ আৰু ডাবিং ভাষ্যকাৰ)ৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ পুপাক নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম হয়। == বৃত্তিজীৱন == [[File:سعید راد و مرجان در فیلم مردی در طوفان1.jpg|thumb|১৯৭২ চনত ছাঈদ ৰাদৰ সৈতে মাৰ্জান]] শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰে ২১ বছৰ বয়সত আহমদ শ্বিৰাজীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত 'দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড অৱ হোপ' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে চিনেমা জগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":2" /> সেই সময়ত আন এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী শ্বাহলা ৰিয়াহীক শ্বাহলা নামেৰে জনা গৈছিল, গতিকে তেওঁ নিজৰ বাবে মাৰ্জান নামটো মঞ্চ নাম হিচাপে বাছি লৈছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম বিবাহ বিবাহবিচ্ছেদৰ জৰিয়তে অন্ত পৰে আৰু পিছলৈ তেওঁ ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2020|title=نگاهی به فعالیت مرجان در عرصه موسیقی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/tv-and-radio-52952873|access-date=14 June 2020|website=BBC News فارسی|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে চিনেমাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু বহু ছবিত বিভিন্ন চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=Marjan|url=https://genderdesk.wordpress.com/2020/06/06/marjan/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Gender Desk|language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ স্বামীয়ে তেওঁক এগৰাকী গায়িকা হ’বলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁ আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল যে মাৰ্জানৰ কণ্ঠস্বৰ মৃদু আৰু শক্তিশালী আছিল। এগৰাকী তুৰ্কী গায়িকাৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ গোৱা "কভিৰ দেল" গীতটোৱে তেওঁক বিখ্যাত কৰি তুলিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় টিভি শ্ব’ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয় এৰি গায়িকা হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ অব্যাহত ৰাখে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sami Beigi's 'Kavir Del' - Discover the Original Song|url=https://www.whosampled.com/cover/667982/Sami-Beigi-Kavir-Del-Marjan-Kavire-Del/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=WhoSampled|language=en}}</ref> == ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰ সময়ছোৱা == ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ কাৰ্যত স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল। ইৰানৰ বিপ্লৱৰ দুবছৰ পিছত অৰ্থাৎ ১৯৮০ চনত এটা গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰাৰ অপرাধত মাৰ্জানক গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰি কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰা হয়।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=مرجان، هنرمند مهاجر و زندانی سیاسی سابق درگذشت|url=https://voanews.com|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Voice of America|language=fa}}</ref> আকৌ ১৯৮২ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত তেওঁক পিপলছ মোজাহিদীন অৱ ইৰানক সমৰ্থন কৰাৰ অভিযোগত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়। এইবাৰ তেওঁক ১৯৯০ চনলৈকে এভিন কাৰাগাৰত আৱদ্ধ কৰি ৰখা হৈছিল। তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ জীৱনৰ বাকী সময়ছোৱা আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰาষ্ট্ৰত কটাবলৈ ইৰান ত্যাগ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=درگذشت ناگهانی "مرجان" هنرمند و خواننده محبوب مردم ایران|url=https://javanehha.com|access-date=14 June 2020|website=جوانه ها|language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০০৬ চنত তেওঁ কেলিফৰ্নিয়াত নিগাজিকৈ থাকিবলৈ লয়। ছিমায়ে আজাদী টিভিৰ সৈতে হোৱা এটা সাক্ষাৎকাৰত মাৰ্জানে কৈছিল যে ১৯৮২ চনৰ ৭ জুলাইত তেওঁ আৰু তেۆঁৰ স্বামী ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকক নিজ গৃহৰ পৰা গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল; আৰু ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিলৈকে বন্দী কৰি ৰখা হৈছিল। সেই একেটা সাক্ষাৎকাৰতে তেওঁ এই বুলিও উল্লেখ কৰে যে জেলৰ পৰা মুক্তি পোৱাৰ পিছতো তেওঁক ১৭ বছৰ ধৰি দেশ এৰি যোৱাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 April 2013|title=.::ای شکسته...........................................مرجان::.|url=http://iranold.net|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414185055/http://iranold.net|archive-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০০১ চনত ইৰানৰ পৰা ডুবাইলৈ পলাই যায় আৰু অৱশেষত আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়, য’ত ২০২০ চনৰ ৫ জুনত অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰৰ জটিলতাৰ বাবে মৃত্যু হোৱালৈকে তেওঁ কেলিফৰ্নিয়াৰ লছ এঞ্জেলছত বসবাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="Modernity" /><ref name="Profile" /> ইৰান এৰাৰ পিছত মাৰ্জান ইৰান চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে এগৰাকী সক্ৰিয় কৰ্মী হৈ পৰে আৰু পিপলছ মোজাহিদীন অৰ্গানাইজেশ্যন অৱ ইৰানক সমৰ্থন কৰে। ২০১৫ চনৰ ৩ জুনত দিয়া এক সাক্ষাৎকাৰত তেওঁ কৈছিল, "مই যুঁজ দিয়াৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লৈছিলোঁ কাৰণ মোৰ নিজৰ দেশত মুক্তভাৱে জীয়াই থকাৰ অধিকাৰ মোৰ আছে।"<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=نت|first=العربية|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان خواننده و بازیگر ایرانی قبل از انقلاب درگذشت|url=https://alarabiya.net|access-date=14 June 2020|website=العربية نت|language=fa}}</ref> ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা অৰ্গানাইজেশ্যন অৱ ইৰানিয়ান আমেৰিকান কমিউনিটিছত "ৰুয়েশ্ব নাগোজীৰ" নামৰ গীতটো পৰিৱেশন কৰাৰ পিছৰে পৰা মাৰ্জানে মোজাহিদীন খালকৰ সংগীত গোষ্ঠীৰ অন্যান্য শিল্পীসকলৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিছিল, যাৰ পিছত আছিল: ৰুয়েশ্ব নাগোজীৰ, প্ৰ’হিবিশ্যন, টাইম টু অভাৰ থ্ৰ’ন, হোৱাট টু ছে', এвина ছেজ, লেটছ বিল্ড এ হোমলেণ্ড, দ্য মাৰ্টায়াৰ্ছ অৱ দ্য চিটি, দ্য ফ্লেগ, দ্য ছাইলেন্ট স্ক্ৰীম, আইজ ৱাকিং এণ্ড আনআৱেৰ, আৰু "ৱি কেন এণ্ড ৱি মাষ্ট"। ইয়াৰে কিছুমান সৃষ্টি ইৰানৰ সুৰকাৰ মহম্মদ শ্বামছে তৈয়াৰ কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=العربیه "دورانی در جهنم" ـ خاطرات خانم مرجان|url=https://youtube.com|access-date=|website=YouTube}}</ref> == মৃত্যু == ২০২০ চনৰ ৬ জুনত এটা অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰৰ পিছত হৃদযন্ত্ৰৰ ক্ৰিয়া বন্ধ হৈ মাৰ্জানৰ মৃত্যু হয়। তেওঁ জীৱনৰ শেষৰ বছৰকেইটা লছ এঞ্জেলছত কটাইছিল।<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=درگذشت خانم مرجان هنرمند گرانمایه و زندانی سیاسی در زندان های خمینی|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMB0zhzR_Zg|access-date=|website=YouTube}}</ref> * পিপলছ মুজাহিদীন অৱ ইৰানৰ নেত্ৰী মৰিয়ম ৰাজভিয়ে তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুত গভীৰ শোক প্ৰকাশ কৰে। তেওঁ মাৰ্জানক এনে এগৰাকী মহিলা শিল্পীৰ উদাহৰণ হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰে, "যিয়ে শাসনকালৰ বিৰুদ্ধে থিয় দি যুঁজ দিছিল, আৰু যিসকল ইৰানীয় মহিলাৰ দুখ-কষ্ট তথা মুক্তিৰ প্ৰতি থকা তীব্ৰ আকাংক্ষাৰ প্ৰকৃত প্ৰতিনিধি আছিল।"<ref>{{Cite web|last=ملي|first=همبستگي|title=درگذشت ناگهانی خانم مرجان هنرمند گرانقدر مردم و مقاومت ایران- پیام تسلیت خانم مریم رجوی|url=https://hambastegimeli.com/گزيده-ها/80737-درگذشت-ناگهانی-خانم-مرجان-هنرمند-گرانقدر-مردم-و-مقاومت-ایران|access-date=14 June 2020|website=hambastegimeli.com|language=fa-ir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان رستگار و جاودانه شد|url=https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/item/maryam-rajavi-iran-resistance-iran-marjan|access-date=|website=}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ খবৰ ঘোষণা কৰা এক বিবৃতিত পিএমঅ'আই (মোজাহিদীন খালক)-এ উল্লেখ কৰে যে তেওঁ "জীৱনৰ শেষ মুহূৰ্তলৈকে স্বাধীনতাৰ সংগ্ৰামৰ প্ৰতি দায়বদ্ধ আছিল।"<ref>{{Cite news|title=مرجان، خواننده و بازیگر سینمای قبل انقلاب ایران درگذشت|url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/30656587.html|access-date=14 June 2020|website=رادیو فردا|language=fa|last1=فردا |first1=رادیو }}</ref> * ৰিপৰ্টাৰ্ছ উইদাউট বৰ্ডাৰ্ছৰ ইৰান-আফগানিস্তান কাৰ্যালয়ৰ মুৰব্বী ৰেজা মইনীয়ে (শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ) মাৰ্জানৰ মৃত্যুক লৈ লিখিছিল: ১৯৯০ চনত এগৰাকী শিল্পী তথা ৰাজনৈতিক বন্দীৰ মৃত্যু ঘটিল, "তেওঁৰ স্মৃতি, তেওঁৰ কণ্ঠ আৰু ব্যৱস্থাটোৰ ধ্বংসৰ বিৰুদ্ধে তেওঁৰ অবিচল স্থিতি আমাৰ মাজত সদায় থাকি যাব"।<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name}} *[https://open.spotify.com/artist/1Z9AMFrgGmPJAqLqVTzrHZ Marjan] on Spotify [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] 6w8xnp0i6uzrguhirboz9n7zbjfaluh 608661 608660 2026-05-25T16:23:11Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৪৮ চনত [[তেহৰান]]ত।<ref name="myheritage">{{cite web|title=Marjan|url=https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2814987/marjan-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people|accessdate=22 November 2018|website=myheritage.com}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আলী চাফী জমিৰ পৰিবহণ মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ এজন স্থানীয় সঞ্চালক আছিল আৰু মাতৃ কুব্ৰা বাহমানী তবাৰী এগৰাকী প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=سفر مرجان بر بال ترانه‌ها|url=https://article.mojahedin.org/id/46c98fa9-133b-41fe-9722-d1a9553fadf5|access-date=14 June 2020|website=mojahedin.org|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে অলৱান্দ হাইস্কুলত প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰে। ১২ বছৰ বয়সতে তেওঁ কিশোৰ-কিশোৰীসকলৰ বাবে প্ৰকাশিত এখন সাপ্তাহিক আলোচনী "এতেলাত কুদকান"ৰ কিশোৰী সাংবাদিক আছিল। একে সময়তে তেওঁ আলোচনীখনৰ সাপ্তাহিক টিভি অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ ভাষ্যকাৰো আছিল।<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان؛ صدای معترضی که خاموش شد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-52947830|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> হাইস্কুল পৰ্যায়লৈ উত্তীৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মেহদী আলী-মোহাম্মদী (এগৰাকী ৰেডিঅ’ আৰু ডাবিং ভাষ্যকাৰ)ৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ পুপাক নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম হয়। == বৃত্তিজীৱন == [[File:سعید راد و مرجان در فیلم مردی در طوفان1.jpg|thumb|১৯৭২ চনত ছাঈদ ৰাদৰ সৈতে মাৰ্জান]] শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰে ২১ বছৰ বয়সত আহমদ শ্বিৰাজীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত 'দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড অৱ হোপ' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে চিনেমা জগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":2" /> সেই সময়ত আন এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী শ্বাহলা ৰিয়াহীক শ্বাহলা নামেৰে জনা গৈছিল, গতিকে তেওঁ নিজৰ বাবে মাৰ্জান নামটো মঞ্চ নাম হিচাপে বাছি লৈছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম বিবাহ বিবাহবিচ্ছেদৰ জৰিয়তে অন্ত পৰে আৰু পিছলৈ তেওঁ ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2020|title=نگاهی به فعالیت مرجان در عرصه موسیقی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/tv-and-radio-52952873|access-date=14 June 2020|website=BBC News فارسی|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে চিনেমাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু বহু ছবিত বিভিন্ন চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=Marjan|url=https://genderdesk.wordpress.com/2020/06/06/marjan/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Gender Desk|language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ স্বামীয়ে তেওঁক এগৰাকী গায়িকা হ’বলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁ আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল যে মাৰ্জানৰ কণ্ঠস্বৰ মৃদু আৰু শক্তিশালী আছিল। এগৰাকী তুৰ্কী গায়িকাৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ গোৱা "কভিৰ দেল" গীতটোৱে তেওঁক বিখ্যাত কৰি তুলিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় টিভি শ্ব’ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয় এৰি গায়িকা হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ অব্যাহত ৰাখে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sami Beigi's 'Kavir Del' - Discover the Original Song|url=https://www.whosampled.com/cover/667982/Sami-Beigi-Kavir-Del-Marjan-Kavire-Del/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=WhoSampled|language=en}}</ref> == ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰ সময়ছোৱা == ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ কাৰ্যত স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল। ইৰানৰ বিপ্লৱৰ দুবছৰ পিছত অৰ্থাৎ ১৯৮০ চনত এটা গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰাৰ অপৰাধত মাৰ্জানক গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰি কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰা হয়।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=مرجان، هنرمند مهاجر و زندانی سیاسی سابق درگذشت|url=https://voanews.com|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Voice of America|language=fa}}</ref> আকৌ ১৯৮২ চنৰ জুলাই মাহত তেওঁক পিপলছ মোজাহিদীন অৱ ইৰানক সমৰ্থন কৰাৰ অভিযোগত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়। এইবাৰ তেওঁক ১৯৯০ চনলৈকে এভিন কাৰাগাৰত আৱদ্ধ কৰি ৰখা হৈছিল। তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ জীৱনৰ বাকী সময়ছোৱা আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰত কটাবলৈ ইৰান ত্যাগ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=درگذشت ناگهانی "مرجان" هنرمند و خواننده محبوب مردم ایران|url=https://javanehha.com...|access-date=14 June 2020|website=جوانه ها|language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনত তেওঁ কেলিফৰ্নিয়াত নিগাজিকৈ থাকিবলৈ লয়। ছিমায়ে আজাদী টিভিৰ সৈতে হোৱা এটা সাক্ষাৎকাৰত মাৰ্জানে কৈছিল যে ১৯৮২ চনৰ ৭ জুলাইত তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ স্বামী ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকক নিজ গৃহৰ পৰা গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল; আৰু ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিলৈকে বন্দী কৰি ৰখা হৈছিল। সেই একেটা সাক্ষাৎকাৰতে তেওঁ এই বুলিও উল্লেখ কৰে যে জেলৰ পৰা মুক্তি পোৱাৰ পিছতো তেওঁক ১৭ বছৰ ধৰি দেশ এৰি যোৱাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 April 2013|title=.::ای شکسته...........................................مرجان::.|url=http://iranold.net|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414185055/http://iranold.net|archive-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০০১ চনত ইৰানৰ পৰা ডুবাইলৈ পলাই যায় আৰু অৱশেষত আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়, য’ত ২০২০ চনৰ ৫ জুনত অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰৰ জটিলতাৰ বাবে মৃত্যু হোৱালৈকে তেওঁ কেলিফৰ্নিয়াৰ লছ এঞ্জেলছত বসবাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="Modernity" /><ref name="Profile" /> ইৰান এৰাৰ পিছত মাৰ্জান ইৰান চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে এগৰাকী সক্ৰিয় কৰ্মী হৈ পৰে আৰু পিপলছ মোজাহিদীন অৰ্গানাইজেশ্যন অৱ ইৰানক সমৰ্থন কৰে। ২০১৫ চনৰ ৩ জুনত দিয়া এক সাক্ষাৎকাৰত তেওঁ কৈছিল, "মই যুঁজ দিয়াৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লৈছিলোঁ কাৰণ মোৰ নিজৰ দেশত মুক্তভাৱে জীয়াই থকাৰ অধিকাৰ মোৰ আছে।"<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=نت|first=العربية|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان خواننده و بازیگر ایرانی قبل از انقلاب درگذشت|url=https://alarabiya.net|access-date=14 June 2020|website=العربية نت|language=fa}}</ref> ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা অৰ্গানাইজেশ্যন অৱ ইৰানিয়ান আমেৰিকান কমিউনিটিছত "ৰুয়েশ্ব নাগোজীৰ" নামৰ গীতটো পৰিৱেশন কৰাৰ পিছৰে পৰা মাৰ্জানে মোজাহিদীন খালকৰ সংগীত গোষ্ঠীৰ অন্যান্য শিল্পীসকলৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিছিল, যাৰ পিছত আছিল: ৰুয়েশ্ব নাগোজীৰ, প্ৰ’হিবিশ্যন, টাইম টু অভাৰ থ্ৰ’ন, হোৱাট টু ছে', এভিন ছেজ, লেটছ বিল্ড এ হোমলেণ্ড, দ্য মাৰ্টায়াৰ্ছ অৱ দ্য চিটি, দ্য ফ্লেগ, দ্য ছাইলেন্ট স্ক্ৰীম, আইজ ৱাকিং এণ্ড আনআৱেৰ, আৰু "ৱি কেন এণ্ড ৱি মাষ্ট"। ইয়াৰে কিছুমান সৃষ্টি ইৰানৰ সুৰকাৰ মহম্মদ শ্বামছে তৈয়াৰ কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=العربیه "دورانی در جهنم" ـ خاطرات خانم مرجان|url=https://youtube.com|access-date=|website=YouTube}}</ref> == মৃত্যু == ২০২০ চনৰ ৬ জুনত এটা অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰৰ পিছত হৃদযন্ত্ৰৰ ক্ৰিয়া বন্ধ হৈ মাৰ্জানৰ মৃত্যু হয়। তেওঁ জীৱনৰ শেষৰ বছৰকেইটা লছ এঞ্জেলছত কটাইছিল।<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=درگذشت خانم مرجان هنرمند گرانمایه و زندانی سیاسی در زندان های خمینی|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMB0zhzR_Zg|access-date=|website=YouTube}}</ref> * পিপলছ মুজাহিদীন অৱ ইৰানৰ নেত্ৰী মৰিয়ম ৰাজভিয়ে তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুত গভীৰ শোক প্ৰকাশ কৰে। তেওঁ মাৰ্জানক এনে এগৰাকী মহিলা শিল্পীৰ উদাহৰণ হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰে, "যিয়ে শাসনকালৰ বিৰুদ্ধে থিয় দি যুঁজ দিছিল, আৰু যিসকল ইৰানীয় মহিলাৰ দুখ-কষ্ট তথা মুক্তিৰ প্ৰতি থকা তীব্ৰ আকাংক্ষাৰ প্ৰকৃত প্ৰতিনিধি আছিল।"<ref>{{Cite web|last=ملي|first=همبستگي|title=درگذشت ناگهانی خانم مرجان هنرمند گرانقدر مردم و مقاومت ایران- پیام تسلیت خانم مریم رجوی|url=https://hambastegimeli.com/گزيده-ها/80737-درگذشت-ناگهانی-خانم-مرجان-هنرمند-گرانقدر-مردم-و-مقاومت-ایران|access-date=14 June 2020|website=hambastegimeli.com|language=fa-ir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان رستگار و جاودانه شد|url=https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/item/maryam-rajavi-iran-resistance-iran-marjan|access-date=|website=}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ খবৰ ঘোষণা কৰা এক বিবৃতিত পিএমঅ'আই (মোজাহিদীন খালক)-এ উল্লেখ কৰে যে তেওঁ "জীৱনৰ শেষ মুহূৰ্তলৈকে স্বাধীনতাৰ সংগ্ৰামৰ প্ৰতি দায়বদ্ধ আছিল।"<ref>{{Cite news|title=مرجان، خواننده و بازیگر سینمای قبل انقلاب ایران درگذشت|url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/30656587.html|access-date=14 June 2020|website=رادیو فردا|language=fa|last1=فردا |first1=رادیو }}</ref> * ৰিপৰ্টাৰ্ছ উইদাউট বৰ্ডাৰ্ছৰ ইৰান-আফগানিস্তান কাৰ্যালয়ৰ মুৰব্বী ৰেজা মইনীয়ে (শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ) মাৰ্জানৰ মৃত্যুক লৈ লিখিছিল: ১৯৯০ চনত এগৰাকী শিল্পী তথা ৰাজনৈতিক বন্দীৰ মৃত্যু ঘটিল, "তেওঁৰ স্মৃতি, তেওঁৰ কণ্ঠ আৰু ব্যৱস্থাটোৰ ধ্বংসৰ বিৰুদ্ধে তেওঁৰ অবিচল স্থিতি আমাৰ মাজত সদায় থাকি যাব"।<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name}} *[https://open.spotify.com/artist/1Z9AMFrgGmPJAqLqVTzrHZ Marjan] on Spotify [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] q00lx3w3fp4272gipmad5ra9hmztwed 608662 608661 2026-05-25T16:23:52Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 608662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৪৮ চনত [[তেহৰান]]ত।<ref name="myheritage">{{cite web|title=Marjan|url=https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2814987/marjan-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people|accessdate=22 November 2018|website=myheritage.com}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আলী চাফী জমিৰ পৰিবহণ মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ এজন স্থানীয় সঞ্চালক আছিল আৰু মাতৃ কুব্ৰা বাহমানী তবাৰী এগৰাকী প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=سفر مرجان بر بال ترانه‌ها|url=https://article.mojahedin.org/id/46c98fa9-133b-41fe-9722-d1a9553fadf5|access-date=14 June 2020|website=mojahedin.org|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে অলৱান্দ হাইস্কুলত প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰে। ১২ বছৰ বয়সতে তেওঁ কিশোৰ-কিশোৰীসকলৰ বাবে প্ৰকাশিত এখন সাপ্তাহিক আলোচনী "এতেলাত কুদকান"ৰ কিশোৰী সাংবাদিক আছিল। একে সময়তে তেওঁ আলোচনীখনৰ সাপ্তাহিক টিভি অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ ভাষ্যকাৰো আছিল।<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان؛ صدای معترضی که خاموش شد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-52947830|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> হাইস্কুল পৰ্যায়লৈ উত্তীৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মেহদী আলী-মোহাম্মদী (এগৰাকী ৰেডিঅ’ আৰু ডাবিং ভাষ্যকাৰ)ৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ পুপাক নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম হয়। == বৃত্তিজীৱন == [[File:سعید راد و مرجان در فیلم مردی در طوفان1.jpg|thumb|১৯৭২ চনত ছাঈদ ৰাদৰ সৈতে মাৰ্জান]] শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰে ২১ বছৰ বয়সত আহমদ শ্বিৰাজীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত 'দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড অৱ হোপ' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে চিনেমা জগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":2" /> সেই সময়ত আন এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী শ্বাহলা ৰিয়াহীক শ্বাহলা নামেৰে জনা গৈছিল, গতিকে তেওঁ নিজৰ বাবে মাৰ্জান নামটো মঞ্চ নাম হিচাপে বাছি লৈছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম বিবাহ বিবাহবিচ্ছেদৰ জৰিয়তে অন্ত পৰে আৰু পিছলৈ তেওঁ ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2020|title=نگاهی به فعالیت مرجان در عرصه موسیقی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/tv-and-radio-52952873|access-date=14 June 2020|website=BBC News فارسی|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে চিনেমাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু বহু ছবিত বিভিন্ন চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=Marjan|url=https://genderdesk.wordpress.com/2020/06/06/marjan/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Gender Desk|language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ স্বামীয়ে তেওঁক এগৰাকী গায়িকা হ’বলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁ আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল যে মাৰ্জানৰ কণ্ঠস্বৰ মৃদু আৰু শক্তিশালী আছিল। এগৰাকী তুৰ্কী গায়িকাৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ গোৱা "কভিৰ দেল" গীতটোৱে তেওঁক বিখ্যাত কৰি তুলিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় টিভি শ্ব’ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয় এৰি গায়িকা হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ অব্যাহত ৰাখে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sami Beigi's 'Kavir Del' - Discover the Original Song|url=https://www.whosampled.com/cover/667982/Sami-Beigi-Kavir-Del-Marjan-Kavire-Del/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=WhoSampled|language=en}}</ref> == ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰ সময়ছোৱা == ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ কাৰ্যত স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল। ইৰানৰ বিপ্লৱৰ দুবছৰ পিছত অৰ্থাৎ ১৯৮০ চনত এটা গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰাৰ অপৰাধত মাৰ্জানক গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰি কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰা হয়।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=مرجان، هنرمند مهاجر و زندانی سیاسی سابق درگذشت|url=https://voanews.com|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Voice of America|language=fa}}</ref> আকৌ ১৯৮২ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত তেওঁক পিপলছ মোজাহিদীন অৱ ইৰানক সমৰ্থন কৰাৰ অভিযোগত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়। এইবাৰ তেওঁক ১৯৯০ চনলৈকে এভিন কাৰাগাৰত আৱদ্ধ কৰি ৰখা হৈছিল। তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ জীৱনৰ বাকী সময়ছোৱা আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰত কটাবলৈ ইৰান ত্যাগ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=درگذشت ناگهانی "مرجان" هنرمند و خواننده محبوب مردم ایران|url=https://javanehha.com...|access-date=14 June 2020|website=جوانه ها|language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনত তেওঁ কেলিফৰ্নিয়াত নিগাজিকৈ থাকিবলৈ লয়। ছিমায়ে আজাদী টিভিৰ সৈতে হোৱা এটা সাক্ষাৎকাৰত মাৰ্জানে কৈছিল যে ১৯৮২ চনৰ ৭ জুলাইত তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ স্বামী ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকক নিজ গৃহৰ পৰা গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল; আৰু ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিলৈকে বন্দী কৰি ৰখা হৈছিল। সেই একেটা সাক্ষাৎকাৰতে তেওঁ এই বুলিও উল্লেখ কৰে যে জেলৰ পৰা মুক্তি পোৱাৰ পিছতো তেওঁক ১৭ বছৰ ধৰি দেশ এৰি যোৱাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 April 2013|title=.::ای شکسته...........................................مرجان::.|url=http://iranold.net|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414185055/http://iranold.net|archive-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০০১ চনত ইৰানৰ পৰা ডুবাইলৈ পলাই যায় আৰু অৱশেষত আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়, য’ত ২০২০ চনৰ ৫ জুনত অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰৰ জটিলতাৰ বাবে মৃত্যু হোৱালৈকে তেওঁ কেলিফৰ্নিয়াৰ লছ এঞ্জেলছত বসবাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="Modernity" /><ref name="Profile" /> ইৰান এৰাৰ পিছত মাৰ্জান ইৰান চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে এগৰাকী সক্ৰিয় কৰ্মী হৈ পৰে আৰু পিপলছ মোজাহিদীন অৰ্গানাইজেশ্যন অৱ ইৰানক সমৰ্থন কৰে। ২০১৫ চনৰ ৩ জুনত দিয়া এক সাক্ষাৎকাৰত তেওঁ কৈছিল, "মই যুঁজ দিয়াৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লৈছিলোঁ কাৰণ মোৰ নিজৰ দেশত মুক্তভাৱে জীয়াই থকাৰ অধিকাৰ মোৰ আছে।"<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=نت|first=العربية|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان خواننده و بازیگر ایرانی قبل از انقلاب درگذشت|url=https://alarabiya.net|access-date=14 June 2020|website=العربية نت|language=fa}}</ref> ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা অৰ্গানাইজেশ্যন অৱ ইৰানিয়ান আমেৰিকান কমিউনিটিছত "ৰুয়েশ্ব নাগোজীৰ" নামৰ গীতটো পৰিৱেশন কৰাৰ পিছৰে পৰা মাৰ্জানে মোজাহিদীন খালকৰ সংগীত গোষ্ঠীৰ অন্যান্য শিল্পীসকলৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিছিল, যাৰ পিছত আছিল: ৰুয়েশ্ব নাগোজীৰ, প্ৰ’হিবিশ্যন, টাইম টু অভাৰ থ্ৰ’ন, হোৱাট টু ছে', এভিন ছেজ, লেটছ বিল্ড এ হোমলেণ্ড, দ্য মাৰ্টায়াৰ্ছ অৱ দ্য চিটি, দ্য ফ্লেগ, দ্য ছাইলেন্ট স্ক্ৰীম, আইজ ৱাকিং এণ্ড আনআৱেৰ, আৰু "ৱি কেন এণ্ড ৱি মাষ্ট"। ইয়াৰে কিছুমান সৃষ্টি ইৰানৰ সুৰকাৰ মহম্মদ শ্বামছে তৈয়াৰ কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=العربیه "دورانی در جهنم" ـ خاطرات خانم مرجان|url=https://youtube.com|access-date=|website=YouTube}}</ref> == মৃত্যু == ২০২০ চনৰ ৬ জুনত এটা অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰৰ পিছত হৃদযন্ত্ৰৰ ক্ৰিয়া বন্ধ হৈ মাৰ্জানৰ মৃত্যু হয়। তেওঁ জীৱনৰ শেষৰ বছৰকেইটা লছ এঞ্জেলছত কটাইছিল।<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=درگذشت خانم مرجان هنرمند گرانمایه و زندانی سیاسی در زندان های خمینی|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMB0zhzR_Zg|access-date=|website=YouTube}}</ref> * পিপলছ মুজাহিদীন অৱ ইৰানৰ নেত্ৰী মৰিয়ম ৰাজভিয়ে তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুত গভীৰ শোক প্ৰকাশ কৰে। তেওঁ মাৰ্জানক এনে এগৰাকী মহিলা শিল্পীৰ উদাহৰণ হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰে, "যিয়ে শাসনকালৰ বিৰুদ্ধে থিয় দি যুঁজ দিছিল, আৰু যিসকল ইৰানীয় মহিলাৰ দুখ-কষ্ট তথা মুক্তিৰ প্ৰতি থকা তীব্ৰ আকাংক্ষাৰ প্ৰকৃত প্ৰতিনিধি আছিল।"<ref>{{Cite web|last=ملي|first=همبستگي|title=درگذشت ناگهانی خانم مرجان هنرمند گرانقدر مردم و مقاومت ایران- پیام تسلیت خانم مریم رجوی|url=https://hambastegimeli.com/گزيده-ها/80737-درگذشت-ناگهانی-خانم-مرجان-هنرمند-گرانقدر-مردم-و-مقاومت-ایران|access-date=14 June 2020|website=hambastegimeli.com|language=fa-ir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان رستگار و جاودانه شد|url=https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/item/maryam-rajavi-iran-resistance-iran-marjan|access-date=|website=}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ খবৰ ঘোষণা কৰা এক বিবৃতিত পিএমঅ'আই (মোজাহিদীন খালক)-এ উল্লেখ কৰে যে তেওঁ "জীৱনৰ শেষ মুহূৰ্তলৈকে স্বাধীনতাৰ সংগ্ৰামৰ প্ৰতি দায়বদ্ধ আছিল।"<ref>{{Cite news|title=مرجان، خواننده و بازیگر سینمای قبل انقلاب ایران درگذشت|url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/30656587.html|access-date=14 June 2020|website=رادیو فردا|language=fa|last1=فردا |first1=رادیو }}</ref> * ৰিপৰ্টাৰ্ছ উইদাউট বৰ্ডাৰ্ছৰ ইৰান-আফগানিস্তান কাৰ্যালয়ৰ মুৰব্বী ৰেজা মইনীয়ে (শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ) মাৰ্জানৰ মৃত্যুক লৈ লিখিছিল: ১৯৯০ চনত এগৰাকী শিল্পী তথা ৰাজনৈতিক বন্দীৰ মৃত্যু ঘটিল, "তেওঁৰ স্মৃতি, তেওঁৰ কণ্ঠ আৰু ব্যৱস্থাটোৰ ধ্বংসৰ বিৰুদ্ধে তেওঁৰ অবিচল স্থিতি আমাৰ মাজত সদায় থাকি যাব"।<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name}} *[https://open.spotify.com/artist/1Z9AMFrgGmPJAqLqVTzrHZ Marjan] on Spotify [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] 5ldy3wbph25duej3a385ra8mge88ys6 608663 608662 2026-05-25T16:24:31Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 608663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | pre-nominals = | name = মাৰ্জান | post-nominals = | image = Marjan.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | native_name = مرجان | native_name_lang = fa | pronunciation = | birth_name = শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1948|07|14|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2020|06|06|1948|07|14|df=y}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্নিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | citizenship = আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৬৯–২০১২ | spouse = ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাক | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = পপ | instrument = কণ্ঠশিল্পী | label = তাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ | associated_acts = [[ছাঈদ ৰাদ]], [[খোছৰো পাৰভিজী]], [[বাহমান মফিদ]], [[মোৰ্তেজা আঘিলী]] }} }} '''শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: شهلا صافی ضمیر; জন্ম: ১৪ জুলাই ১৯৪৮ – মৃত্যু: ৬ জুন ২০২০), তেওঁৰ মঞ্চ নাম '''মাৰ্জান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مرجان) হিচাপেহে বেছিকৈ পৰিচিত আছিল। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা আছিল।<ref>Hamid Naficy: ''A Social History of Iranian Cinema, Volume 3: The Islamicate Period''. 0822348772 - 2012 "The film producer Feraidun Zhurak and the actress and singer Marjan, according to the producer Ali Mortazavi, were imprisoned for two years on charges of associating with PMOI (Naficy 1984a)."</ref> ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল আৰু সুদীৰ্ঘ ২৭ বছৰ ধৰি তেওঁ নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবঢ়াই নিবলৈ সক্ষম হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name="Modernity">Kamran Talattof ''Modernity, Sexuality, and Ideology in Iran: The Life and Legacy of a Popular ...'' p.128</ref><ref name="Profile">Profile {{Cite web |url=http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |title=Marjan | WhatsUpIran دایرکتوری فیلم و هنرمندان |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214122103/http://www.whatsupiran.com/Profile/Marjan |url-status=usurped }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৪৮ চনত [[তেহৰান]]ত।<ref name="myheritage">{{cite web|title=Marjan|url=https://www.myheritage.com/research/record-10182-2814987/marjan-in-biographical-summaries-of-notable-people|accessdate=22 November 2018|website=myheritage.com}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আলী চাফী জমিৰ পৰিবহণ মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ এজন স্থানীয় সঞ্চালক আছিল আৰু মাতৃ কুব্ৰা বাহমানী তবাৰী এগৰাকী প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|title=سفر مرجان بر بال ترانه‌ها|url=https://article.mojahedin.org/id/46c98fa9-133b-41fe-9722-d1a9553fadf5|access-date=14 June 2020|website=mojahedin.org|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে অলৱান্দ হাইস্কুলত প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰে। ১২ বছৰ বয়সতে তেওঁ কিশোৰ-কিশোৰীসকলৰ বাবে প্ৰকাশিত এখন সাপ্তাহিক আলোচনী "এতেলাত কুদকান"ৰ কিশোৰী সাংবাদিক আছিল। একে সময়তে তেওঁ আলোচনীখনৰ সাপ্তাহিক টিভি অনুষ্ঠানটোৰ ভাষ্যকাৰো আছিল।<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان؛ صدای معترضی که خاموش شد|language=fa|work=BBC News فارسی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/arts-52947830|access-date=14 June 2020}}</ref> হাইস্কুল পৰ্যায়লৈ উত্তীৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মেহদী আলী-মোহাম্মদী (এগৰাকী ৰেডিঅ’ আৰু ডাবিং ভাষ্যকাৰ)ৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ পুপাক নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান জন্ম হয়। == বৃত্তিজীৱন == [[File:سعید راد و مرجان در فیلم مردی در طوفان1.jpg|thumb|১৯৭২ চনত ছাঈদ ৰাদৰ সৈতে মাৰ্জান]] শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰে ২১ বছৰ বয়সত আহমদ শ্বিৰাজীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত 'দ্য ৱৰ্ল্ড অৱ হোপ' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে চিনেমা জগতত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":2" /> সেই সময়ত আন এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী শ্বাহলা ৰিয়াহীক শ্বাহলা নামেৰে জনা গৈছিল, গতিকে তেওঁ নিজৰ বাবে মাৰ্জান নামটো মঞ্চ নাম হিচাপে বাছি লৈছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম বিবাহ বিবাহবিচ্ছেদৰ জৰিয়তে অন্ত পৰে আৰু পিছলৈ তেওঁ ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=7 June 2020|title=نگاهی به فعالیت مرجان در عرصه موسیقی|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/tv-and-radio-52952873|access-date=14 June 2020|website=BBC News فارسی|language=fa}}</ref> মাৰ্জানে চিনেমাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু বহু ছবিত বিভিন্ন চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=Marjan|url=https://genderdesk.wordpress.com/2020/06/06/marjan/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Gender Desk|language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ স্বামীয়ে তেওঁক এগৰাকী গায়িকা হ’বলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁ আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল যে মাৰ্জানৰ কণ্ঠস্বৰ মৃদু আৰু শক্তিশালী আছিল। এগৰাকী তুৰ্কী গায়িকাৰ পৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ গোৱা "কভিৰ দেল" গীতটোৱে তেওঁক বিখ্যাত কৰি তুলিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় টিভি শ্ব’ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয় এৰি গায়িকা হিচাপে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ অব্যাহত ৰাখে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sami Beigi's 'Kavir Del' - Discover the Original Song|url=https://www.whosampled.com/cover/667982/Sami-Beigi-Kavir-Del-Marjan-Kavire-Del/|access-date=14 June 2020|website=WhoSampled|language=en}}</ref> == ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছৰ সময়ছোৱা == ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ কাৰ্যত স্তব্ধ কৰি দিছিল। ইৰানৰ বিপ্লৱৰ দুবছৰ পিছত অৰ্থাৎ ১৯৮০ চনত এটা গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰাৰ অপৰাধত মাৰ্জানক গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰি কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰা হয়।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=مرجان، هنرمند مهاجر و زندانی سیاسی سابق درگذشت|url=https://voanews.com|access-date=14 June 2020|website=Voice of America|language=fa}}</ref> আকৌ ১৯৮২ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত তেওঁক পিপলছ মোজাহিদীন অৱ ইৰানক সমৰ্থন কৰাৰ অভিযোগত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়। এইবাৰ তেওঁক ১৯৯০ চনলৈকে এভিন কাৰাগাৰত আৱদ্ধ কৰি ৰখা হৈছিল। তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ জীৱনৰ বাকী সময়ছোৱা আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰত কটাবলৈ ইৰান ত্যাগ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2020|title=درگذشت ناگهانی "مرجان" هنرمند و خواننده محبوب مردم ایران|url=https://javanehha.com...|access-date=14 June 2020|website=جوانه ها|language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনত তেওঁ কেলিফৰ্নিয়াত নিগাজিকৈ থাকিবলৈ লয়। ছিমায়ে আজাদী টিভিৰ সৈতে হোৱা এটা সাক্ষাৎকাৰত মাৰ্জানে কৈছিল যে ১৯৮২ চনৰ ৭ জুলাইত তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ স্বামী ফেৰেডৌন জুৰাকক নিজ গৃহৰ পৰা গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল; আৰু ১৯৯০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিলৈকে বন্দী কৰি ৰখা হৈছিল। সেই একেটা সাক্ষাৎকাৰতে তেওঁ এই বুলিও উল্লেখ কৰে যে জেলৰ পৰা মুক্তি পোৱাৰ পিছতো তেওঁক ১৭ বছৰ ধৰি দেশ এৰি যোৱাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 April 2013|title=.::ای شکسته...........................................مرجان::.|url=http://iranold.net|access-date=14 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414185055/http://iranold.net|archive-date=14 April 2013}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০০১ চনত ইৰানৰ পৰা ডুবাইলৈ পলাই যায় আৰু অৱশেষত আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়, য’ত ২০২০ চনৰ ৫ জুনত অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰৰ জটিলতাৰ বাবে মৃত্যু হোৱালৈকে তেওঁ কেলিফৰ্নিয়াৰ লছ এঞ্জেলছত বসবাস কৰিছিল।<ref name="Modernity" /><ref name="Profile" /> ইৰান এৰাৰ পিছত মাৰ্জান ইৰান চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে এগৰাকী সক্ৰিয় কৰ্মী হৈ পৰে আৰু পিপলছ মোজাহিদীন অৰ্গানাইজেশ্যন অৱ ইৰানক সমৰ্থন কৰে। ২০১৫ চনৰ ৩ জুনত দিয়া এক সাক্ষাৎকাৰত তেওঁ কৈছিল, "মই যুঁজ দিয়াৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লৈছিলোঁ কাৰণ মোৰ নিজৰ দেশত মুক্তভাৱে জীয়াই থকাৰ অধিকাৰ মোৰ আছে।"<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=نت|first=العربية|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان خواننده و بازیگر ایرانی قبل از انقلاب درگذشت|url=https://alarabiya.net|access-date=14 June 2020|website=العربية نت|language=fa}}</ref> ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা অৰ্গানাইজেশ্যন অৱ ইৰানিয়ান আমেৰিকান কমিউনিটিছত "ৰুয়েশ্ব নাগোজীৰ" নামৰ গীতটো পৰিৱেশন কৰাৰ পিছৰে পৰা মাৰ্জানে মোজাহিদীন খালকৰ সংগীত গোষ্ঠীৰ অন্যান্য শিল্পীসকলৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁ আন বহুতো গীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিছিল, যাৰ পিছত আছিল: ৰুয়েশ্ব নাগোজীৰ, প্ৰ’হিবিশ্যন, টাইম টু অভাৰ থ্ৰ’ন, হোৱাট টু ছে', এভিন ছেজ, লেটছ বিল্ড এ হোমলেণ্ড, দ্য মাৰ্টায়াৰ্ছ অৱ দ্য চিটি, দ্য ফ্লেগ, দ্য ছাইলেন্ট স্ক্ৰীম, আইজ ৱাকিং এণ্ড আনআৱেৰ, আৰু "ৱি কেন এণ্ড ৱি মাষ্ট"। ইয়াৰে কিছুমান সৃষ্টি ইৰানৰ সুৰকাৰ মহম্মদ শ্বামছে তৈয়াৰ কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=العربیه "دورانی در جهنم" ـ خاطرات خانم مرجان|url=https://youtube.com|access-date=|website=YouTube}}</ref> == মৃত্যু == ২০২০ চনৰ ৬ জুনত এটা অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰৰ পিছত হৃদযন্ত্ৰৰ ক্ৰিয়া বন্ধ হৈ মাৰ্জানৰ মৃত্যু হয়। তেওঁ জীৱনৰ শেষৰ বছৰকেইটা লছ এঞ্জেলছত কটাইছিল।<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=درگذشت خانم مرجان هنرمند گرانمایه و زندانی سیاسی در زندان های خمینی|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMB0zhzR_Zg|access-date=|website=YouTube}}</ref> * পিপলছ মুজাহিদীন অৱ ইৰানৰ নেত্ৰী মৰিয়ম ৰাজভিয়ে তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুত গভীৰ শোক প্ৰকাশ কৰে। তেওঁ মাৰ্জানক এনে এগৰাকী মহিলা শিল্পীৰ উদাহৰণ হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰে, "যিয়ে শাসনকালৰ বিৰুদ্ধে থিয় দি যুঁজ দিছিল, আৰু যিসকল ইৰানীয় মহিলাৰ দুখ-কষ্ট তথা মুক্তিৰ প্ৰতি থকা তীব্ৰ আকাংক্ষাৰ প্ৰকৃত প্ৰতিনিধি আছিল।"<ref>{{Cite web|last=ملي|first=همبستگي|title=درگذشت ناگهانی خانم مرجان هنرمند گرانقدر مردم و مقاومت ایران- پیام تسلیت خانم مریم رجوی|url=https://hambastegimeli.com/گزيده-ها/80737-درگذشت-ناگهانی-خانم-مرجان-هنرمند-گرانقدر-مردم-و-مقاومت-ایران|access-date=14 June 2020|website=hambastegimeli.com|language=fa-ir}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=6 June 2020|title=مرجان رستگار و جاودانه شد|url=https://www.maryam-rajavi.com/item/maryam-rajavi-iran-resistance-iran-marjan|access-date=|website=}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ খবৰ ঘোষণা কৰা এক বিবৃতিত পিএমঅ'আই (মোজাহিদীন খালক)-এ উল্লেখ কৰে যে তেওঁ "জীৱনৰ শেষ মুহূৰ্তলৈকে স্বাধীনতাৰ সংগ্ৰামৰ প্ৰতি দায়বদ্ধ আছিল।"<ref>{{Cite news|title=مرجان، خواننده و بازیگر سینمای قبل انقلاب ایران درگذشت|url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/30656587.html|access-date=14 June 2020|website=رادیو فردا|language=fa|last1=فردا |first1=رادیو }}</ref> * ৰিপৰ্টাৰ্ছ উইদাউট বৰ্ডাৰ্ছৰ ইৰান-আফগানিস্তান কাৰ্যালয়ৰ মুৰব্বী ৰেজা মইনীয়ে (শ্বাহলা চাফী জমিৰ) মাৰ্জানৰ মৃত্যুক লৈ লিখিছিল: ১৯৯০ চনত এগৰাকী শিল্পী তথা ৰাজনৈতিক বন্দীৰ মৃত্যু ঘটিল, "তেওঁৰ স্মৃতি, তেওঁৰ কণ্ঠ আৰু ব্যৱস্থাটোৰ ধ্বংসৰ বিৰুদ্ধে তেওঁৰ অবিচল স্থিতি আমাৰ মাজত সদায় থাকি যাব"।<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name}} *[https://open.spotify.com/artist/1Z9AMFrgGmPJAqLqVTzrHZ Marjan] on Spotify [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] fprwmc5j4kxvsgo91bk83fzopxic55m 0 137046 608665 2026-05-25T16:25:14Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক... 608665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা মেৰ পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। এই গ্লেজিং পদ্ধতি পশ্চিমলৈ বিয়পি পৰিছিল, য'ত ইয়াক "গিল্ডিং" বা "এণ্ডাৰিং" বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল। ভাৰতলৈ কোফটা পালে; এলান ডেভিডছনৰ মতে নাৰ্গিছি কফটাক মোগল দৰবাৰত খোৱা হৈছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য এছিয়া, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বাল্কন আৰু উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকালৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, আফগানিস্তান, আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, লেবানন, পেলেষ্টাইন, ছিৰিয়া, ইজিপ্ত, গ্ৰীচ, ভাৰত, ইৰাণ, ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, পাকিস্তান, ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু তুৰস্ক। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == Meat is mixed with spices and often other ingredients such as rice, [[bulgur]], vegetables, or eggs to form a paste.<ref name=":8"/> Often added into the kofta mixture are nuts, cheese, or eggs.<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> They can be grilled, fried, steamed, poached, baked, or marinated, and may be served with a rich spicy sauce or in a soup or stew.<ref name=":8"/> Koftas are sometimes made from [[Fish (food) |fish]] or vegetables or even cottage cheese rather than red meat.<ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Some versions are stuffed with nuts, cheese, or eggs.<ref name=":8"/> Generally the size can vary from the "size of an orange to the size of a golf ball",<ref name=":22"/> although ''tabriz köftesi'', the largest, average {{Convert|20|cm|in|0}} in diameter.<ref name=":8"/> They can be shaped in various forms including [[patties]], balls, or cylinders.<ref>{{cite book |last=Başan |first=Ghillie |title=The Turkish cookbook: exploring the food of a timeless cuisine |year=2021 |publisher=Lorenz Books |isbn=978-0-7548-3515-8 |location=[London] |oclc=1202053063 |pages=93–94 }}</ref> A Levantine version, pronounced ''kafta'' /ˈkɑːftə/, is typically made with minced beef or lamb, mixed with onion, parsley, and spices. It can be shaped into cylinders, patties, or balls, and grilled, baked, or pan-fried, served with sauces, dips, or flatbreads.<ref>Başan, Ghillie (2021). ''Making Levantine Cuisine: Modern Foodways of the Eastern Mediterranean''. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-7548-3515-8.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Levantine Kafta Recipe |url=https://cookpad.com/eng/recipes/8221216 |website=Cookpad |date=22 June 2025 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref> ==বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰ == <!--Middle East and Southern Europe --> Variants include {{ill |Arayes |ar |العرايس |es |ʿArāyes}}, a [[Levant]]ine dish made from pita bread that is stuffed with kufta and then grilled.<ref>{{cite news |title=We learned how to make Yafo's arayes in Charlotte — now you can make them, too |url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/charlottefive/c5-food-drink/article311577811.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=The Charlotte Observer |date=27 Aug 2025}}</ref> In [[Iranian cuisine]] there are Koofteh Berenji, Koofteh Hamedani, Koofteh Nar, [[Koofteh Tabrizi]] and Koofteh Shirin-e Kermanshahi variants.<ref>{{cite web |title=طرز تهیه کوفته و انواع آن در شهرهای ایران |url=https://www.kojaro.com/2020/8/26/190634/iranian-meatball-recipe/ |website=Kojaro |date=29 August 2020 }}</ref> [[Azerbaijani cuisine]] has [[Tabriz köftesi]], with an unusually large diameter of some {{Convert|20|cm|in|0}}.<ref name=":8"/> Bulgarian cuisine has [[Tatarsko kyufte]], a [[Tatars in Bulgaria |Tatar]] version.<ref>{{cite web |title=Татарско кюфте |url=https://matekitchen.com/recipes/tatarsko-kyufte/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=MateKitchen |language=bg-BG}}</ref> [[Greek cuisine]] has [[tomatokeftedes]], a vegetarian version with tomatoes,<ref>Aglaia Kremezi and Anissa Hellou, 'What's in the Name of the Dish' in Richard Hosking (ed.), ''Food and Language: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cooking 2009'' (London: [[Prospect Books]], 2010) 206</ref> and ''kolokithokeftedes'', with courgettes and feta cheese.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sakellis |first=Eleni |title=Mezedes to enjoy with Greece's favorite spirits |url=https://www.thenationalherald.com/mezedes-to-enjoy-with-greeces-favorite-spirits |work=The National Herald |date=26 June 2020}}</ref> [[Çiğ köfte]] is a [[Turkish cuisine |Turkish]] and [[Armenian cuisine|Armenian]] version made with [[bulgur]] and raw meat.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cetinkaya |first1=Figen |last2=Mus |first2=Tulay Elal |last3=Cibik |first3=Recep |last4=Levent |first4=Belkis |last5=Gulesen |first5=Revasiye |title=Assessment of microbiological quality of cig kofte (raw consumed spiced meatball): Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella |journal=Food Control |date=July 2012 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=15–18 |doi=10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.01.001 }}</ref> In [[Kurdish cuisine]] there is doughawa, though it can be stuffed with meat; the kufta is usually stuffed with fried onions and eggs, while the kofta itself is in yogurt soup. <!--Indian subcontinent --> In the [[South Asian cuisine |Indian subcontinent]], variants include Kofte chawal, with meat or vegetable balls in a [[curry]] sauce, served with rice. Variations use different ingredients for the balls, such as [[paneer]], [[bottle gourd]], [[Chicken as food |chicken]] or [[mutton]].<ref name=":22"/> Other Indian versions are Malai kofta<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianhealthyrecipes.com/malai-kofta-recipe/ |title=Malai Kofta Recipe |website=Swasthi's Recipes |date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> and [[Nargesi kebab |Nargisi kofta]] with a hard-boiled egg wrapped in the kofta mixture.<ref name=":8"/> Historically, Pishtha meatballs were mentioned in a Sanskrit text on medicine, the ''[[Sushruta Samhita]]''.<ref name=":42"/> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা File:Mercimekkoftesi.jpg | [[Mercimek köftesi]], Turkish plant-based kofta made with lentils and bulgur </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} krln7wi356kjvidgouohnjkeykm2o8v 608666 608665 2026-05-25T16:27:56Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 608666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য এছিয়া, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বাল্কন আৰু উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকালৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, আফগানিস্তান, আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, লেবানন, পেলেষ্টাইন, ছিৰিয়া, ইজিপ্ত, গ্ৰীচ, ভাৰত, ইৰাণ, ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, পাকিস্তান, ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু তুৰস্ক। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == Meat is mixed with spices and often other ingredients such as rice, [[bulgur]], vegetables, or eggs to form a paste.<ref name=":8"/> Often added into the kofta mixture are nuts, cheese, or eggs.<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> They can be grilled, fried, steamed, poached, baked, or marinated, and may be served with a rich spicy sauce or in a soup or stew.<ref name=":8"/> Koftas are sometimes made from [[Fish (food) |fish]] or vegetables or even cottage cheese rather than red meat.<ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Some versions are stuffed with nuts, cheese, or eggs.<ref name=":8"/> Generally the size can vary from the "size of an orange to the size of a golf ball",<ref name=":22"/> although ''tabriz köftesi'', the largest, average {{Convert|20|cm|in|0}} in diameter.<ref name=":8"/> They can be shaped in various forms including [[patties]], balls, or cylinders.<ref>{{cite book |last=Başan |first=Ghillie |title=The Turkish cookbook: exploring the food of a timeless cuisine |year=2021 |publisher=Lorenz Books |isbn=978-0-7548-3515-8 |location=[London] |oclc=1202053063 |pages=93–94 }}</ref> A Levantine version, pronounced ''kafta'' /ˈkɑːftə/, is typically made with minced beef or lamb, mixed with onion, parsley, and spices. It can be shaped into cylinders, patties, or balls, and grilled, baked, or pan-fried, served with sauces, dips, or flatbreads.<ref>Başan, Ghillie (2021). ''Making Levantine Cuisine: Modern Foodways of the Eastern Mediterranean''. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-7548-3515-8.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Levantine Kafta Recipe |url=https://cookpad.com/eng/recipes/8221216 |website=Cookpad |date=22 June 2025 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref> ==বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰ == <!--Middle East and Southern Europe --> Variants include {{ill |Arayes |ar |العرايس |es |ʿArāyes}}, a [[Levant]]ine dish made from pita bread that is stuffed with kufta and then grilled.<ref>{{cite news |title=We learned how to make Yafo's arayes in Charlotte — now you can make them, too |url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/charlottefive/c5-food-drink/article311577811.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=The Charlotte Observer |date=27 Aug 2025}}</ref> In [[Iranian cuisine]] there are Koofteh Berenji, Koofteh Hamedani, Koofteh Nar, [[Koofteh Tabrizi]] and Koofteh Shirin-e Kermanshahi variants.<ref>{{cite web |title=طرز تهیه کوفته و انواع آن در شهرهای ایران |url=https://www.kojaro.com/2020/8/26/190634/iranian-meatball-recipe/ |website=Kojaro |date=29 August 2020 }}</ref> [[Azerbaijani cuisine]] has [[Tabriz köftesi]], with an unusually large diameter of some {{Convert|20|cm|in|0}}.<ref name=":8"/> Bulgarian cuisine has [[Tatarsko kyufte]], a [[Tatars in Bulgaria |Tatar]] version.<ref>{{cite web |title=Татарско кюфте |url=https://matekitchen.com/recipes/tatarsko-kyufte/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=MateKitchen |language=bg-BG}}</ref> [[Greek cuisine]] has [[tomatokeftedes]], a vegetarian version with tomatoes,<ref>Aglaia Kremezi and Anissa Hellou, 'What's in the Name of the Dish' in Richard Hosking (ed.), ''Food and Language: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cooking 2009'' (London: [[Prospect Books]], 2010) 206</ref> and ''kolokithokeftedes'', with courgettes and feta cheese.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sakellis |first=Eleni |title=Mezedes to enjoy with Greece's favorite spirits |url=https://www.thenationalherald.com/mezedes-to-enjoy-with-greeces-favorite-spirits |work=The National Herald |date=26 June 2020}}</ref> [[Çiğ köfte]] is a [[Turkish cuisine |Turkish]] and [[Armenian cuisine|Armenian]] version made with [[bulgur]] and raw meat.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cetinkaya |first1=Figen |last2=Mus |first2=Tulay Elal |last3=Cibik |first3=Recep |last4=Levent |first4=Belkis |last5=Gulesen |first5=Revasiye |title=Assessment of microbiological quality of cig kofte (raw consumed spiced meatball): Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella |journal=Food Control |date=July 2012 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=15–18 |doi=10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.01.001 }}</ref> In [[Kurdish cuisine]] there is doughawa, though it can be stuffed with meat; the kufta is usually stuffed with fried onions and eggs, while the kofta itself is in yogurt soup. <!--Indian subcontinent --> In the [[South Asian cuisine |Indian subcontinent]], variants include Kofte chawal, with meat or vegetable balls in a [[curry]] sauce, served with rice. Variations use different ingredients for the balls, such as [[paneer]], [[bottle gourd]], [[Chicken as food |chicken]] or [[mutton]].<ref name=":22"/> Other Indian versions are Malai kofta<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianhealthyrecipes.com/malai-kofta-recipe/ |title=Malai Kofta Recipe |website=Swasthi's Recipes |date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> and [[Nargesi kebab |Nargisi kofta]] with a hard-boiled egg wrapped in the kofta mixture.<ref name=":8"/> Historically, Pishtha meatballs were mentioned in a Sanskrit text on medicine, the ''[[Sushruta Samhita]]''.<ref name=":42"/> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা File:Mercimekkoftesi.jpg | [[Mercimek köftesi]], Turkish plant-based kofta made with lentils and bulgur </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} lv1dw8vnt3timofeb0tv0sma3vr5h45 608667 608666 2026-05-25T16:33:06Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 608667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]], আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == Meat is mixed with spices and often other ingredients such as rice, [[bulgur]], vegetables, or eggs to form a paste.<ref name=":8"/> Often added into the kofta mixture are nuts, cheese, or eggs.<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> They can be grilled, fried, steamed, poached, baked, or marinated, and may be served with a rich spicy sauce or in a soup or stew.<ref name=":8"/> Koftas are sometimes made from [[Fish (food) |fish]] or vegetables or even cottage cheese rather than red meat.<ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Some versions are stuffed with nuts, cheese, or eggs.<ref name=":8"/> Generally the size can vary from the "size of an orange to the size of a golf ball",<ref name=":22"/> although ''tabriz köftesi'', the largest, average {{Convert|20|cm|in|0}} in diameter.<ref name=":8"/> They can be shaped in various forms including [[patties]], balls, or cylinders.<ref>{{cite book |last=Başan |first=Ghillie |title=The Turkish cookbook: exploring the food of a timeless cuisine |year=2021 |publisher=Lorenz Books |isbn=978-0-7548-3515-8 |location=[London] |oclc=1202053063 |pages=93–94 }}</ref> A Levantine version, pronounced ''kafta'' /ˈkɑːftə/, is typically made with minced beef or lamb, mixed with onion, parsley, and spices. It can be shaped into cylinders, patties, or balls, and grilled, baked, or pan-fried, served with sauces, dips, or flatbreads.<ref>Başan, Ghillie (2021). ''Making Levantine Cuisine: Modern Foodways of the Eastern Mediterranean''. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-7548-3515-8.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Levantine Kafta Recipe |url=https://cookpad.com/eng/recipes/8221216 |website=Cookpad |date=22 June 2025 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref> ==বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰ == <!--Middle East and Southern Europe --> Variants include {{ill |Arayes |ar |العرايس |es |ʿArāyes}}, a [[Levant]]ine dish made from pita bread that is stuffed with kufta and then grilled.<ref>{{cite news |title=We learned how to make Yafo's arayes in Charlotte — now you can make them, too |url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/charlottefive/c5-food-drink/article311577811.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=The Charlotte Observer |date=27 Aug 2025}}</ref> In [[Iranian cuisine]] there are Koofteh Berenji, Koofteh Hamedani, Koofteh Nar, [[Koofteh Tabrizi]] and Koofteh Shirin-e Kermanshahi variants.<ref>{{cite web |title=طرز تهیه کوفته و انواع آن در شهرهای ایران |url=https://www.kojaro.com/2020/8/26/190634/iranian-meatball-recipe/ |website=Kojaro |date=29 August 2020 }}</ref> [[Azerbaijani cuisine]] has [[Tabriz köftesi]], with an unusually large diameter of some {{Convert|20|cm|in|0}}.<ref name=":8"/> Bulgarian cuisine has [[Tatarsko kyufte]], a [[Tatars in Bulgaria |Tatar]] version.<ref>{{cite web |title=Татарско кюфте |url=https://matekitchen.com/recipes/tatarsko-kyufte/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=MateKitchen |language=bg-BG}}</ref> [[Greek cuisine]] has [[tomatokeftedes]], a vegetarian version with tomatoes,<ref>Aglaia Kremezi and Anissa Hellou, 'What's in the Name of the Dish' in Richard Hosking (ed.), ''Food and Language: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cooking 2009'' (London: [[Prospect Books]], 2010) 206</ref> and ''kolokithokeftedes'', with courgettes and feta cheese.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sakellis |first=Eleni |title=Mezedes to enjoy with Greece's favorite spirits |url=https://www.thenationalherald.com/mezedes-to-enjoy-with-greeces-favorite-spirits |work=The National Herald |date=26 June 2020}}</ref> [[Çiğ köfte]] is a [[Turkish cuisine |Turkish]] and [[Armenian cuisine|Armenian]] version made with [[bulgur]] and raw meat.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cetinkaya |first1=Figen |last2=Mus |first2=Tulay Elal |last3=Cibik |first3=Recep |last4=Levent |first4=Belkis |last5=Gulesen |first5=Revasiye |title=Assessment of microbiological quality of cig kofte (raw consumed spiced meatball): Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella |journal=Food Control |date=July 2012 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=15–18 |doi=10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.01.001 }}</ref> In [[Kurdish cuisine]] there is doughawa, though it can be stuffed with meat; the kufta is usually stuffed with fried onions and eggs, while the kofta itself is in yogurt soup. <!--Indian subcontinent --> In the [[South Asian cuisine |Indian subcontinent]], variants include Kofte chawal, with meat or vegetable balls in a [[curry]] sauce, served with rice. Variations use different ingredients for the balls, such as [[paneer]], [[bottle gourd]], [[Chicken as food |chicken]] or [[mutton]].<ref name=":22"/> Other Indian versions are Malai kofta<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianhealthyrecipes.com/malai-kofta-recipe/ |title=Malai Kofta Recipe |website=Swasthi's Recipes |date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> and [[Nargesi kebab |Nargisi kofta]] with a hard-boiled egg wrapped in the kofta mixture.<ref name=":8"/> Historically, Pishtha meatballs were mentioned in a Sanskrit text on medicine, the ''[[Sushruta Samhita]]''.<ref name=":42"/> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা File:Mercimekkoftesi.jpg | [[Mercimek köftesi]], Turkish plant-based kofta made with lentils and bulgur </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} qo9uwpw1woeggoqdk54v9maljc8di32 608668 608667 2026-05-25T16:39:36Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি */ 608668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]], আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা গ্ৰীল, ভাজি, ভাপত, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰাক্ষ। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰ == <!--Middle East and Southern Europe --> Variants include {{ill |Arayes |ar |العرايس |es |ʿArāyes}}, a [[Levant]]ine dish made from pita bread that is stuffed with kufta and then grilled.<ref>{{cite news |title=We learned how to make Yafo's arayes in Charlotte — now you can make them, too |url=https://www.charlotteobserver.com/charlottefive/c5-food-drink/article311577811.html |access-date=17 September 2025 |work=The Charlotte Observer |date=27 Aug 2025}}</ref> In [[Iranian cuisine]] there are Koofteh Berenji, Koofteh Hamedani, Koofteh Nar, [[Koofteh Tabrizi]] and Koofteh Shirin-e Kermanshahi variants.<ref>{{cite web |title=طرز تهیه کوفته و انواع آن در شهرهای ایران |url=https://www.kojaro.com/2020/8/26/190634/iranian-meatball-recipe/ |website=Kojaro |date=29 August 2020 }}</ref> [[Azerbaijani cuisine]] has [[Tabriz köftesi]], with an unusually large diameter of some {{Convert|20|cm|in|0}}.<ref name=":8"/> Bulgarian cuisine has [[Tatarsko kyufte]], a [[Tatars in Bulgaria |Tatar]] version.<ref>{{cite web |title=Татарско кюфте |url=https://matekitchen.com/recipes/tatarsko-kyufte/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=MateKitchen |language=bg-BG}}</ref> [[Greek cuisine]] has [[tomatokeftedes]], a vegetarian version with tomatoes,<ref>Aglaia Kremezi and Anissa Hellou, 'What's in the Name of the Dish' in Richard Hosking (ed.), ''Food and Language: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cooking 2009'' (London: [[Prospect Books]], 2010) 206</ref> and ''kolokithokeftedes'', with courgettes and feta cheese.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sakellis |first=Eleni |title=Mezedes to enjoy with Greece's favorite spirits |url=https://www.thenationalherald.com/mezedes-to-enjoy-with-greeces-favorite-spirits |work=The National Herald |date=26 June 2020}}</ref> [[Çiğ köfte]] is a [[Turkish cuisine |Turkish]] and [[Armenian cuisine|Armenian]] version made with [[bulgur]] and raw meat.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cetinkaya |first1=Figen |last2=Mus |first2=Tulay Elal |last3=Cibik |first3=Recep |last4=Levent |first4=Belkis |last5=Gulesen |first5=Revasiye |title=Assessment of microbiological quality of cig kofte (raw consumed spiced meatball): Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella |journal=Food Control |date=July 2012 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=15–18 |doi=10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.01.001 }}</ref> In [[Kurdish cuisine]] there is doughawa, though it can be stuffed with meat; the kufta is usually stuffed with fried onions and eggs, while the kofta itself is in yogurt soup. <!--Indian subcontinent --> In the [[South Asian cuisine |Indian subcontinent]], variants include Kofte chawal, with meat or vegetable balls in a [[curry]] sauce, served with rice. Variations use different ingredients for the balls, such as [[paneer]], [[bottle gourd]], [[Chicken as food |chicken]] or [[mutton]].<ref name=":22"/> Other Indian versions are Malai kofta<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indianhealthyrecipes.com/malai-kofta-recipe/ |title=Malai Kofta Recipe |website=Swasthi's Recipes |date=27 August 2017 }}</ref> and [[Nargesi kebab |Nargisi kofta]] with a hard-boiled egg wrapped in the kofta mixture.<ref name=":8"/> Historically, Pishtha meatballs were mentioned in a Sanskrit text on medicine, the ''[[Sushruta Samhita]]''.<ref name=":42"/> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা File:Mercimekkoftesi.jpg | [[Mercimek köftesi]], Turkish plant-based kofta made with lentils and bulgur </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} rmpp3dek7wh688ym9d36u3vny430nys 608669 608668 2026-05-25T16:41:33Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰ */ 608669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]], আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা গ্ৰীল, ভাজি, ভাপত, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰাক্ষ। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} 5zz6242aoehiocy5xf5xqye3j9mv5aj 608670 608669 2026-05-25T16:42:10Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি */ 608670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]], আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা গ্ৰীল, ভাজি, ভাপত, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰাক্ষ। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} tt9jsmfbt5wpyis9cuhqk05vu2o42a8 608671 608670 2026-05-25T16:43:36Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:খাদ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]], আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা গ্ৰীল, ভাজি, ভাপত, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰাক্ষ। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ]] 8j989l91ho0xnknuukvghi2k5lycr5s 608672 608671 2026-05-25T16:43:48Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 removed [[Category:খাদ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]], আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা গ্ৰীল, ভাজি, ভাপত, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰাক্ষ। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} tt9jsmfbt5wpyis9cuhqk05vu2o42a8 608673 608672 2026-05-25T16:44:04Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:খাদ্য]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]], আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা গ্ৰীল, ভাজি, ভাপত, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰাক্ষ। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] orjo9vhq6ft1zvdem8ey7a26qxni5b7 608674 608673 2026-05-25T16:45:22Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:এছিয়া]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]], আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা গ্ৰীল, ভাজি, ভাপত, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰাক্ষ। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:এছিয়া]] 5haf4rpk4a341as1fy58r9znh6ruoob 608675 608674 2026-05-25T16:45:39Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:ইৰান]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]], আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা গ্ৰীল, ভাজি, ভাপত, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰাক্ষ। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:এছিয়া]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] rsdeo5zanutlkzvhdoi2nx9wkmzrptq 608676 608675 2026-05-25T16:47:15Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইতিহাস */ 608676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]]<ref name=":7">{{cite web |last=Dea |first=Cynthia |date=2015-03-09 |title=Where to Find the Best Meatballs in Los Angeles |url=https://www.kcet.org/food-discovery/food/where-to-find-the-best-meatballs-in-los-angeles |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=[[KCET]] |language=en}}</ref> , আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা গ্ৰীল, ভাজি, ভাপত, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰাক্ষ। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:এছিয়া]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] mjd5v4li8hm1fwronr4s07ob2b39gem 608677 608676 2026-05-25T16:50:25Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি */ 608677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জণ কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ এক প্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জণ। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মছলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰ পৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়;<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেন্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল।আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰ পৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]]<ref name=":7">{{cite web |last=Dea |first=Cynthia |date=2015-03-09 |title=Where to Find the Best Meatballs in Los Angeles |url=https://www.kcet.org/food-discovery/food/where-to-find-the-best-meatballs-in-los-angeles |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=[[KCET]] |language=en}}</ref> , আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিবেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য"। ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মছলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা সেকি, ভাজি, ভাপত দি, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য । File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিবেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:এছিয়া]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] s8q2snctmlxo89yj52ap6sxzkvcfked 608678 608677 2026-05-25T16:50:41Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description |Middle Eastern and South Asian meatballs}} [[File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |thumb |ইৰাণৰ ব্যঞ্জন কফ্তেহ তাব্ৰিজী ]] '''কোফটা ({{lang-en|kofta}})''' মিটবল বা মিটলফ হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়া, মধ্য এছিয়া, বাল্কন, মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা, আৰু দক্ষিণ ককেচীয়ান অঞ্চলত সচৰাচৰ খাদ্যৰ একপ্ৰকাৰৰ ব্যঞ্জন। সৰলতম ৰূপত কোফটা হৈছে কুটি লোৱা মাংসৰ বল। এই মাংসৰ বল সাধাৰণতে গৰুৰ মাংস, কুকুৰা, ভেড়া পোৱালি, ছাগলী, উটৰ মাংস, আনহাতে খুব কমেইহে গাহৰিৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। এইবোৰৰ মাংসৰ বলবোৰ মচলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা অন্যান্য উপাদানৰে জুতি লোৱা হয়।<ref name="Ayto1994">{{cite book |last1=Ayto |first1=John |title=A Gourmet's Guide: Food and Drink from A to Z |date=1994 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-280025-1 |page=184 |language=en |quote=In Indian cookery, the term ''kofta'' denotes a spiced meatball, or a similarly shaped mass of chopped fish or vegetable, cooked in a spicy sauce. In Hindi, the word means literally 'pounded meat'.}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন জ্ঞাত ৰেচিপিসমূহ আৰবৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Ellen |title=Meatballs : the ultimate cookbook |year=2020 |publisher=Cider Mill Press |isbn=978-1-64643-014-7 |edition=First |location=Kennebunkport, Maine |pages=11 |oclc=1139766078}}</ref> লগতে বাইজেণ্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ কিতাপসমূহতো পোৱা যায়,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Koukoules|first=Phaidon I.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0VhoAAAAMAAJ|title=Βυζαντινών βίος και πολιτισμός|date=1952|publisher=Papazisis Publishers|isbn=9789600201413|volume=5|pages=114-115|language=el}}</ref> আৰু কিমা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আৰু আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাৰ লগতে শাক-পাচলি ভিত্তিক আৰু কেঁচা সংস্কৰণো আছে। গোলক, পেটিজ, নলাকাৰ আকৃতিকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ। গলফ বলৰ দৰে সৰুৰপৰা কমলা টেঙা এটাৰ দৰে ইহঁতৰ আকাৰ হ’ব পাৰে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == ইংৰাজীত কোফটা শব্দটো হিন্দী-উৰ্দু কুফটা আৰু পাৰ্চী কুফটা ৰপৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে গুড়ি কৰা মাংস।<ref name="Ayto1994"/><ref>{{cite web |title=kofta |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/kofta_n?tl=true |publisher=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |access-date=27 December 2023 |date=2023 |quote=The earliest known use of the noun ''kofta'' is in the 1880s. OED's earliest evidence for kofta is from 1888, in the writing of W. H. Dawe. ''kofta'' is a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Hindi ''kofta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |title=kofta |dictionary=[[Concise Oxford English Dictionary]]: Luxury Edition |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sYScAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA790 |date=18 August 2011 |editor-last=Stevenson |editor-first=Angus |edition=12th |page=790 |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-960111-0 |editor2-last=Waite |editor2-first=Maurice |quote=ORIGIN from Urdu and Pers. ''koftah'' 'pounded meat'}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title= Origin of Kofte, Turkish köfte Arabic kufta and Hindi and Urdu koftā all from Persian kōfta (Persian kūfte) from passive participle of kōftan to pound, bray |url=https://www.yourdictionary.com/kofte}} </ref> উৰ্দু ভাষাত এই শব্দটোৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰাচীন ব্যৱহাৰ মুল্লা নুছৰতীৰ আলী নামা (১৬৬৫)ত পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite book |last=Nuṣratī |first=Mullā |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/masnavi-ali-nama-mulla-nusrati-ebooks |url-access=registration |title=ʿAlī Nāma |year=1665 |pages=234 |language=ur |script-title=ur:علی نامہ |quote={{Lang |ur-Latn |Na tha har ġalūla nibolī te kam {{noitalic |/}} Rakhe kofte {{noitalic |[pl.]}} bār golīyāṅ te jam}}}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |url=http://udb.gov.pk/result_details.php?word=191385 |date=June 1993 |orig-date=22 vols pub. 1977–2010 |editor-last=Fatehpuri |editor-first=Farman |editor-link=Farman Fatehpuri |title=kofta |script-title=ur:کوفتہ |dictionary=[[Urdu Lughat |Urdu Lughat (Tareekhi Usool Par)]] ''[Urdu Dictionary on Historical Principles]'' |publisher=Urdu Dictionary Board |volume=15 |language=Urdu}}</ref> ইয়াক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইংৰাজীত কানুন-ই-ইছলামত (১৮৩২) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, আৰু পুনৰ ১৮৮৩ চনত জেমছ ৱাইজে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last=Wise |first=James |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ba8Ov8huExoC&pg=PA97 |title=Notes on the Races, Castes and Trades of Eastern Bengal |date=1883 |publisher=[[Harrison and Sons]] |location=London, England |pages=97 |language=en |chapter=Nán-baí, Roṭi-wálah |quote=[The {{Lang |ur-Latn |Nān-bā{{rhr}}ī}}{{'s}}] bill of fare includes a delicious, richly-flavoured curry, Kofta, or pounded meat, roasts, and puláos. ... Koftá—hashed or pounded, and fried in Ghí. |author-link=James Wise (civil surgeon)}}</ref> কফটাৰ উৎপত্তি হোৱা অঞ্চলৰ ভাষাসমূহে ধ্বনিগত সামান্য পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে শব্দটো গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে।<ref name=":8"/> আন ভাষাত একেধৰণৰ খাদ্যক ক্ৰকেট, ডাম্পলিং, মিটবল, ৰেছল, টাৰ্ণঅভাৰ বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name=":8"/><ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Herbst |first=Ron |title=The deluxe food lover's companion |date=2015 |others=Sharon Tyler Herbst |publisher=Barron's |isbn=978-1-4380-7621-8 |edition=2nd |location=Hauppauge, New York |pages=261–262 |oclc=909914756}}</ref><!-- no list, WP:NOT is not a multilingual dictionary--> == ইতিহাস== প্ৰাচীন ৰোমান ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থ 'এপিচিয়াছ'ত মিটবলৰ বহুতো ৰেচিপি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Sally Grainger, ''Cooking Apicius: Roman Recipes for Today'', Prospect Books, 2006, {{ISBN |1-903018-44-7}}, p. 17-18</ref> কফটাৰ ৰেচিপি প্ৰথমে আৰবৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ৰন্ধন গ্ৰন্থসমূহত পোৱা যায়; <ref name=":8">{{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |others=Tom Jaine, Soun Vannithone |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |edition=3rd |location=New York, NY |page=448 |oclc=890807357}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> কফটা বাইজেণ্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্যতো পোৱা গৈছিল। আদিম ৰেচিপিবোৰ আছিল ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ মিটবল কুটি লোৱা ভেড়া পোৱালিৰ, তাৰ ওপৰত কেশৰ আৰু কণীৰ কুহুমৰ মিশ্ৰণৰ তিনিটা তৰপ। মোগল ৰাজদৰবাৰতো কোফটা জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল। ভাৰত উপমহাদেশৰপৰা মধ্য [[এছিয়া]], মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য, বল্কান আৰু উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]]লৈকে কফটা পোৱা যায়। আৰ্মেনিয়া, [[আফগানিস্তান]]<ref name=":7">{{cite web |last=Dea |first=Cynthia |date=2015-03-09 |title=Where to Find the Best Meatballs in Los Angeles |url=https://www.kcet.org/food-discovery/food/where-to-find-the-best-meatballs-in-los-angeles |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=[[KCET]] |language=en}}</ref>, আলবেনিয়া, বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা, বুলগেৰিয়া,জৰ্জিয়া, [[লেবানন]], [[পেলেষ্টাইন]], [[ছিৰিয়া]], [[ইজিপ্ত]], গ্ৰীচ, [[ভাৰত]], [[ইৰাণ]], ইয়াক মৰক্কোৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যত পোৱা যায়, [[পাকিস্তান]],ৰোমানিয়া,ছাৰ্বিয়া, উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]]। কুৰ্দ আৰু অচূৰীয়াসকলৰ মাজতো কফটা জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ইঞ্জিন আকিনৰ মতে তুৰস্কত ই "সকলো ধৰণৰ সামাজিক সভাত পৰিৱেশন কৰা প্ৰিয় খাদ্য।" ==ৰন্ধা পদ্ধতি == মচলা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অন্যান্য উপাদান যেনে চাউল, বুলগুৰ, শাক-পাচলি বা কণীৰ সৈতে মাংস পিহি পেষ্ট কৰা হয়।<ref>Petrosian, Irina, and David Underwood. Armenian Food: Fact, Fiction & Folklore. University of California Press, 2006.</ref> কোফটাৰ মিশ্ৰণত প্ৰায়ে বাদাম, পনিৰ বা কণী যোগ কৰা হয়। কোফটা সেকি, ভাজি, ভাপত দি, পোচ, বেক বা মেৰিনেট কৰি টেঙা চচ বা চূপ বা ষ্টুত পৰিৱেশন কৰিব পাৰি। কোফটা কেতিয়াবা ৰঙা মাংসৰ সলনি মাছ বা শাক-পাচলি, আনকি পনিৰেৰেও তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite web |last=Abdel Fattah |first=Iman Adel |title=Bites Fil Beit: Koftet el Gambari – Shrimp kofta |url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |website=Daily News Egypt |access-date=19 April 2015 |date=5 December 2013 |archive-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150503022013/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/12/05/bites-fil-beit-koftet-el-gambari-shrimp-kofta/ |url-status=live}}</ref> ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths="175" heights="140"> File:MalaiKofta.jpg |''মালাই কোফটা'', ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য। File:Koofteh tabrizi.jpg |alt=Three eight-inch meatballs in sauce |ইৰাণী তাব্ৰিজী কফটাত কিমা মাংসৰ লগতে হালধীয়া পটল আৰু আলু থাকে। File:Kofte Chawal from India.jpg |alt=Sauced meatballs with rice |:''ভাৰতীয় কোফটা-চাৱল '''(জাতিলাউৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী নিৰামিষ কোফটা), ভাতৰ লগত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। File:Mixed grill - Khan el-Khalili - Cairo, Egypt.jpg |ইজিপ্তৰ ''কোফ্টেট এল হাতী''' File:Cuisine arménienne - Sini Kofte (à gauche) et deux Mitchougov Kofte (à droite).jpg |আৰ্মেনিয়াৰ কোফটে File:Orkh-Oruq.jpg |অৰ্খ,আৰ্মেনিয়ান কোফটা, মাংস আৰু বুলগুৰেৰে(গম ভাঙি তৈয়াৰ কৰা খাদ্যশস্য)প্ৰস্তুত কৰা নলাকাৰ আকৃতিত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হৈছে File:NargisiKofta.jpg |লক্ষ্ণৌ আৰু কৰাচীৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য নাৰ্গেছি কোফটা </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:এছিয়া]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] df21vw2iybyouhibe4kwdwksllt35ke 0 137047 608679 2026-05-25T17:08:18Z যদুমণি 32127 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|হিন্দু ধর্ম]] হৈছে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম ধর্ম, যাক গৃহ মন্ত্রালয়ৰ ২০২৩ চনৰ নাগৰিক পঞ্জীয়ন তথ্য অনুসৰি দেশৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ প্রায় ১.৬৮ শতাংশ লোকে পালন কৰে। ই... 608679 wikitext text/x-wiki [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|হিন্দু ধর্ম]] হৈছে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম ধর্ম, যাক গৃহ মন্ত্রালয়ৰ ২০২৩ চনৰ নাগৰিক পঞ্জীয়ন তথ্য অনুসৰি দেশৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ প্রায় ১.৬৮ শতাংশ লোকে পালন কৰে। [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া]]ৰ হিন্দুসকলৰ অধিকাংশই [[বালি, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া|বালি]] দ্বীপত বাস কৰে, য'ত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম প্ৰধান ধৰ্ম আৰু স্থানীয় জনসংখ্যাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৭ শতাংশ লোকে এই ধৰ্ম পালন কৰে। ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ অধিকাংশ হিন্দুৱে বালিনীজ হিন্দু ধৰ্ম পালন কৰে, যি স্থানীয় বিশ্বাস আৰু ঐতিহাসিক হিন্দু-বৌদ্ধ প্ৰভাৱৰ দ্বাৰা গঠিত এক স্বতন্ত্ৰ স্থানীয় পৰম্পৰা। 4w87kged91vmbtwiztkxq88jnwkvfjb 608680 608679 2026-05-25T17:18:22Z যদুমণি 32127 608680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious group |flag= Om symbol.svg |flag_size= 25px |group= ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম<br>{{nobold|{{lang|id|}}}} |population={{increase}} '''৪.৮ মিলিয়ন''' (২০২৩)<ref>{{cite web | url= https://e-database.kemendagri.go.id/dataset/1203/tabel-data?page=23| title=Religion in Indonesia }}</ref>{{refn|Muslim 244 Million (87.1), Christianity 29.4 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.73 million (1.7), Buddhist 2 million (0.7), Confucianism 76.019 (0.03), Folk and others 99.045 (0.04), Total 280.725.428 Million}}<br/> '''১.৬৮%''' জনসংখ্যাৰ |image= File:Salah Satu Upacara Besar Di Pura Agung Besakih.jpg |scriptures=[[বেদ]], [[উপনিষদ্‌]], [[পুৰাণ]], <br/>[[ইতিহাস-পুৰাণ|ইতিহাস]] (মূলতঃ [[ৰামায়ণ]] আৰু [[মহাভাৰত]]) <br/>আৰু অন্যান্য |languages='''পবিত্ৰ <br/>[[সংস্কৃত]]''' <br/>'''কথিত ভাষা'''<br/>[[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান ভাষা|ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান]] (অফিচিয়েল),<br/>[[বালি ভাষা|বালিনী]], [[জাভানিজ ভাষা|জাভানিজ]], [[দয়ক ভাষা|দয়ক]], [[ছাণ্ডানীজ ভাষা|ছাণ্ডানীজ]],, টেংগেৰিজ উপভাষা, ওচিং <br/>আৰু অন্যান্য ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান ভাষা|religions='''[[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]]'''<br/>[[বালি হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] (গৰিষ্ঠসংখ্যক), [[জাভাত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|জাভানী হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]], আৰু [[হিন্দু ধৰ্মগোষ্ঠী|অন্য ধৰ্মগোষ্ঠী]] ৰ সংখ্যালঘু লোকক হিন্দু হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে |region1=[[বালি]] |pop1=৩,৬৮২,৪৮৪ | |region2=মধ্য কালিমন্তন |pop2=১৫৫,৫৯৫ | |region3=পশ্চিম নুছা টেংগাৰা |pop3=১২৮,৬০০ | |region4=লামপুং |pop4=১২৭,৯০৩ | |region5=মধ্য চুলাৱেছি |pop5=১০৯,৩০৮ | |region6=পূব জাভা |pop6=১০৭,৯৭১ | |region7=উত্তৰ সুমাত্ৰা |pop7=৮৮,৩৪৬ | |image_caption= ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ [[বালি, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া|বালি]]ৰ বেছাকিহ মন্দিৰত পূজা অনুষ্ঠান।}} [[File:Religious affiliation by district (kecamatan) in Indonesia (2022).svg|thumb|350px|প্ৰতিখন ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান জিলাত হিন্দুৰ বিতৰণ (২০২২)। মানচিত্ৰখনত কাহাৰিংগান বা চুলাওৱেছীৰ স্থানীয় ধৰ্মও অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে যাক ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান চৰকাৰে হিন্দু হিচাপে শ্ৰেণীবদ্ধ কৰিছে আৰু পূব জাভাত তেংগেৰেছী হিন্দুৰ বিতৰণও দেখুৱাইছে।]] [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|হিন্দু ধর্ম]] হৈছে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম ধর্ম, যাক গৃহ মন্ত্রালয়ৰ ২০২৩ চনৰ নাগৰিক পঞ্জীয়ন তথ্য অনুসৰি দেশৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ প্রায় ১.৬৮ শতাংশ লোকে পালন কৰে। [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া]]ৰ হিন্দুসকলৰ অধিকাংশই [[বালি, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া|বালি]] দ্বীপত বাস কৰে, য'ত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম প্ৰধান ধৰ্ম আৰু স্থানীয় জনসংখ্যাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৭ শতাংশ লোকে এই ধৰ্ম পালন কৰে। ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ অধিকাংশ হিন্দুৱে বালিনীজ হিন্দু ধৰ্ম পালন কৰে, যি স্থানীয় বিশ্বাস আৰু ঐতিহাসিক হিন্দু-বৌদ্ধ প্ৰভাৱৰ দ্বাৰা গঠিত এক স্বতন্ত্ৰ স্থানীয় পৰম্পৰা। czkt9ivp5su6pjwnqbql4pc54clr9dw 608682 608680 2026-05-25T17:23:14Z যদুমণি 32127 608682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{সম্পাদনা দ্বন্দ্ব}} {{Infobox religious group |flag= Om symbol.svg |flag_size= 25px |group= ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম<br>{{nobold|{{lang|id|}}}} |population={{increase}} '''৪.৮ মিলিয়ন''' (২০২৩)<ref>{{cite web | url= https://e-database.kemendagri.go.id/dataset/1203/tabel-data?page=23| title=Religion in Indonesia }}</ref>{{refn|Muslim 244 Million (87.1), Christianity 29.4 Million (10.5), Hindu 4.73 million (1.7), Buddhist 2 million (0.7), Confucianism 76.019 (0.03), Folk and others 99.045 (0.04), Total 280.725.428 Million}}<br/> '''১.৬৮%''' জনসংখ্যাৰ |image= File:Salah Satu Upacara Besar Di Pura Agung Besakih.jpg |scriptures=[[বেদ]], [[উপনিষদ্‌]], [[পুৰাণ]], <br/>[[ইতিহাস-পুৰাণ|ইতিহাস]] (মূলতঃ [[ৰামায়ণ]] আৰু [[মহাভাৰত]]) <br/>আৰু অন্যান্য |languages='''পবিত্ৰ <br/>[[সংস্কৃত]]''' <br/>'''কথিত ভাষা'''<br/>[[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান ভাষা|ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান]] (অফিচিয়েল),<br/>[[বালি ভাষা|বালিনী]], [[জাভানিজ ভাষা|জাভানিজ]], [[দয়ক ভাষা|দয়ক]], [[ছাণ্ডানীজ ভাষা|ছাণ্ডানীজ]],, টেংগেৰিজ উপভাষা, ওচিং <br/>আৰু অন্যান্য ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান ভাষা|religions='''[[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]]'''<br/>[[বালি হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] (গৰিষ্ঠসংখ্যক), [[জাভাত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|জাভানী হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]], আৰু [[হিন্দু ধৰ্মগোষ্ঠী|অন্য ধৰ্মগোষ্ঠী]] ৰ সংখ্যালঘু লোকক হিন্দু হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে |region1=[[বালি]] |pop1=৩,৬৮২,৪৮৪ | |region2=মধ্য কালিমন্তন |pop2=১৫৫,৫৯৫ | |region3=পশ্চিম নুছা টেংগাৰা |pop3=১২৮,৬০০ | |region4=লামপুং |pop4=১২৭,৯০৩ | |region5=মধ্য চুলাৱেছি |pop5=১০৯,৩০৮ | |region6=পূব জাভা |pop6=১০৭,৯৭১ | |region7=উত্তৰ সুমাত্ৰা |pop7=৮৮,৩৪৬ | |image_caption= ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ [[বালি, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া|বালি]]ৰ বেছাকিহ মন্দিৰত পূজা অনুষ্ঠান।}} [[File:Religious affiliation by district (kecamatan) in Indonesia (2022).svg|thumb|350px|প্ৰতিখন ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান জিলাত হিন্দুৰ বিতৰণ (২০২২)। মানচিত্ৰখনত কাহাৰিংগান বা চুলাওৱেছীৰ স্থানীয় ধৰ্মও অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে যাক ইণ্ডোনেছিয়ান চৰকাৰে হিন্দু হিচাপে শ্ৰেণীবদ্ধ কৰিছে আৰু পূব জাভাত তেংগেৰেছী হিন্দুৰ বিতৰণও দেখুৱাইছে।]] [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|হিন্দু ধর্ম]] হৈছে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম ধর্ম, যাক গৃহ মন্ত্রালয়ৰ ২০২৩ চনৰ নাগৰিক পঞ্জীয়ন তথ্য অনুসৰি দেশৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ প্রায় ১.৬৮ শতাংশ লোকে পালন কৰে। [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া]]ৰ হিন্দুসকলৰ অধিকাংশই [[বালি, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া|বালি]] দ্বীপত বাস কৰে, য'ত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম প্ৰধান ধৰ্ম আৰু স্থানীয় জনসংখ্যাৰ প্ৰায় ৮৭ শতাংশ লোকে এই ধৰ্ম পালন কৰে। ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ অধিকাংশ হিন্দুৱে বালিনীজ হিন্দু ধৰ্ম পালন কৰে, যি স্থানীয় বিশ্বাস আৰু ঐতিহাসিক হিন্দু-বৌদ্ধ প্ৰভাৱৰ দ্বাৰা গঠিত এক স্বতন্ত্ৰ স্থানীয় পৰম্পৰা। ইছলামৰ বিস্তাৰৰ পূৰ্বে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ দ্বীপপুঞ্জৰ অধিকাংশ অংশত হিন্দু ধৰ্ম প্ৰভাৱশালী ধৰ্ম আছিল আৰু ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে স্বীকৃত ছটা ধৰ্মৰ ভিতৰত এটা হৈ আছে। খ্ৰীষ্টীয় প্ৰথম শতিকাৰ পৰা ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ সৈতে বাণিজ্য আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক আদান-প্ৰদানৰ মাধ্যমেৰে হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ ধাৰণাসমূহে ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। সময়ৰ লগে লগে, এই ধাৰণাবোৰ স্থানীয় অষ্ট্ৰনেছিয়ান পৰম্পৰাৰ সৈতে মিলিত হৈছিল আৰু প্ৰায় ৬ শতিকৰ পৰা, বৌদ্ধ প্ৰভাৱৰ সৈতে মিলিত হৈছিল, যাৰ ফলত হিন্দু-বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মীয় সংস্কৃতিৰ এক সমন্বয়মূলক ৰূপৰ উদ্ভৱ হৈছিল।<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/192841.pdf Religious Freedom Report - Indonesia] U.S. State Department (2012)</ref> এই ধৰ্মীয় সংশ্লেষণে ইছলাম-পূৰ্বৰ শ্ৰীৱিজয়া আৰু মাজাপাহিত সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ দৰে প্ৰধান ৰাজনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থাৰ অধীনত সমৃদ্ধি লাভ কৰিছিল। চতুৰ্দশ শতিকাৰ পৰা, উপকূলীয় বাণিজ্য নেটৱৰ্কৰ জৰিয়তে ইছলামৰ বিস্তাৰৰ ফলত সমগ্ৰ ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত হিন্দু ধৰ্মৰ পতন ঘটে, যদিও ই বালিত গভীৰভাৱে প্ৰোথিত হৈ থাকে। আধুনিক যুগত, মাজাপাহিত যুগৰ পৰম্পৰা, শৈবধৰ্ম আৰু জাভানীয় আধ্যাত্মিক দৰ্শনৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত পুনৰুজ্জীৱন আন্দোলনৰ জৰিয়তে জাভাৰ কিছু অংশকে ধৰি অন্যান্য অঞ্চলতো হিন্দুধৰ্ম পুনৰ উদ্ভাসিত হৈছে। 6hu9jbc06hosyw3x27e8msc9znwpfaa 0 137048 608681 2026-05-25T17:19:18Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ''' বা '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ''' হৈছে অৰ্থোহাণ্টাভাইৰাছ প্ৰজাতিৰ ভাইৰাছৰদ্বাৰা হোৱা মানুহৰ সংক্ৰামক ৰোগ। ইয়াৰ ফলত ''ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম'' (HFRS) বা ''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ পালমোনাৰী চিনড্ৰম'' (HPS)ৰ সৈতে ৰক্তক্ষৰণজনিত জ্বৰ হ’ব পাৰে।[3] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ(HFRS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল সাধাৰণতে মূৰৰ বিষ, পেটৰ বিষ, জ্বৰ, বমি, ৰক্তক্ষৰণ আৰু বৃক্ক বিকল হোৱা।[1] এইচ পি এছ(HPS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল ভাগৰুৱা, জ্বৰ, পেশীৰ বিষ, কাহ আৰু উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট।[2] সাধাৰণতে ভাইৰাছৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ১ৰপৰা ৮ সপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক লক্ষণসমূহ আৰম্ভ হয়।[1][2] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ পুৰণি বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয় আনহাতে এইচ পি এছ নতুন বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয়।[3] ২৮টাতকৈ অধিক নিৰ্দিষ্ট হাণ্টাভাইৰাছে মানুহৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।[4] সাধাৰণতে যেতিয়া মানুহে [[তীক্ষ্ণদন্তী প্ৰাণী]](ৰোডেণ্ট)ৰ মলৰদ্বাৰা দূষিত বায়ু উশাহ লয় তেতিয়া এই ৰোগ বিয়পে।[4] এই ৰোগৰ দুয়োটা ধৰণৰ অন্তৰ্নিহিত ব্যৱস্থাত কম প্লেটলেট আৰু লিক হোৱা ৰক্তবাহী নলী জড়িত হৈ থাকে।[4] তেজৰ পৰীক্ষাৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ৰোগ নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়, সাধাৰণতে চেৰ’লজী।[4] চিকিৎসা প্ৰাথমিক সহায়ক যত্ন।[4] ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত অক্সিজেন চিকিৎসা, যান্ত্ৰিক বায়ু চলাচল, ডায়েলাইছিছ বা প্লেটলেট ট্ৰান্সফিউজন আদি থাকিব পাৰে।[4] ৰিবাভিৰিন এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দিলে উপযোগী হ'ব পাৰে।[4] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যুৰ আশংকা প্ৰায় ১২% আৰু এইচ পি এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰায় ৪০%।[4] বছৰি প্ৰায় এক লাখ এইচ এফ আৰ এছ ধৰা পৰে, আনহাতে ১৯৯৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এইচ পি এছ ধৰা পৰাৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১০০০টা এইচ পি এছ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে।[4] হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা বস্তুৰ বৰ্ণনা প্ৰায় ১০০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰাই পোৱা যায় যদিও[4] এই ৰোগৰ কাৰণ হোৱা ভাইৰাছটো ১৯৭৬ চনলৈকে, দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ হাণ্টান নদী অঞ্চলত আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।[4][5] ২০২৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত ডাচ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজ এম ভি হণ্ডিয়াছত এণ্ডিজ ভাইৰাছৰ ফলত হোৱা হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। 85l7jlkoou7nlgrr63h6e80rdpqivnn 608683 608681 2026-05-25T17:32:14Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 608683 wikitext text/x-wiki '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ''' বা '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ''' হৈছে অৰ্থোহাণ্টাভাইৰাছ প্ৰজাতিৰ ভাইৰাছৰদ্বাৰা হোৱা মানুহৰ সংক্ৰামক ৰোগ। ইয়াৰ ফলত ''ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম'' (HFRS) বা ''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ পালমোনাৰী চিনড্ৰম'' (HPS)ৰ সৈতে ৰক্তক্ষৰণজনিত জ্বৰ হ’ব পাৰে।[3] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ(HFRS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল সাধাৰণতে মূৰৰ বিষ, পেটৰ বিষ, জ্বৰ, বমি, ৰক্তক্ষৰণ আৰু বৃক্ক বিকল হোৱা।[1] এইচ পি এছ(HPS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল ভাগৰুৱা, জ্বৰ, পেশীৰ বিষ, কাহ আৰু উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট।[2] সাধাৰণতে ভাইৰাছৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ১ৰপৰা ৮ সপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক লক্ষণসমূহ আৰম্ভ হয়।[1][2] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ পুৰণি বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয় আনহাতে এইচ পি এছ নতুন বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয়।[3] ২৮টাতকৈ অধিক নিৰ্দিষ্ট হাণ্টাভাইৰাছে মানুহৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।[4] সাধাৰণতে যেতিয়া মানুহে [[তীক্ষ্ণদন্তী প্ৰাণী]](ৰোডেণ্ট)ৰ মলৰদ্বাৰা দূষিত বায়ু উশাহত লয় তেতিয়া এই ৰোগ বিয়পে।[4] এই ৰোগৰ দুয়োটা ধৰণৰ অন্তৰ্নিহিত ব্যৱস্থাত [[নিম্ন প্লেটলেট]]([[:en:Thrombocytopenia]]) আৰু [[ক্ষৰিত ৰক্তবাহী নলী]] জড়িত হৈ থাকে।[4] [[তেজ]]ৰ পৰীক্ষা]]ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ৰোগ নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়, সাধাৰণতে [[চেৰ’লজী]][4] চিকিৎসা প্ৰাথমিক সহায়ক যত্ন।[4] ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত [[অক্সিজেন]] চিকিৎসা, [[যান্ত্ৰিক বায়ু চলাচল]], [[ডায়েলাইছিছ]] বা [[প্লেটলেট ট্ৰান্সফিউজন]] আদি থাকিব পাৰে।[4] [[ৰিবাভিৰিন]] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দিলে উপযোগী হ’ব পাৰে।[4] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যুৰ আশংকা প্ৰায় ১২% আৰু এইচ পি এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰায় ৪০%।[4] বছৰি প্ৰায় এক লাখ এইচ এফ আৰ এছ ধৰা পৰে, আনহাতে ১৯৯৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এইচ পি এছ ধৰা পৰাৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১০০০টা এইচ পি এছ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে।[4] হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা বস্তুৰ বৰ্ণনা প্ৰায় ১০০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰাই পোৱা যায় যদিও[4] এই ৰোগৰ কাৰণ হোৱা ভাইৰাছটো ১৯৭৬ চনলৈকে, দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ [[হাণ্টান নদী]] অঞ্চলত আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।[4][5] ২০২৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত ডাচ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজ এম ভি হণ্ডিয়াছত এণ্ডিজ ভাইৰাছৰ ফলত হোৱা হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== 1nl6v7uqu2h659kqm0vbzutw9n16djp 608684 608683 2026-05-25T17:37:08Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 608684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ''' বা '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ''' হৈছে অৰ্থোহাণ্টাভাইৰাছ প্ৰজাতিৰ ভাইৰাছৰদ্বাৰা হোৱা মানুহৰ সংক্ৰামক ৰোগ। ইয়াৰ ফলত ''ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম'' (HFRS) বা ''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ পালমোনাৰী চিনড্ৰম'' (HPS)ৰ সৈতে ৰক্তক্ষৰণজনিত জ্বৰ হ’ব পাৰে।[3] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ(HFRS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল সাধাৰণতে [[মূৰৰ বিষ]], [[পেটৰ বিষ]], [[জ্বৰ]], [[বমি]], [[ৰক্তক্ষৰণ]] আৰু [[বৃক্ক বিকলতা]] আদি।[1] এইচ পি এছ(HPS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল ভাগৰুৱা, [[জ্বৰ]], [[পেশীৰ বিষ]], [[কাহ]] আৰু [[উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট]]।[2] সাধাৰণতে ভাইৰাছৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ১ৰপৰা ৮ সপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক লক্ষণসমূহ আৰম্ভ হয়।[1][2] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ পুৰণি বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয় আনহাতে এইচ পি এছ নতুন বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয়।[3] ২৮টাতকৈ অধিক নিৰ্দিষ্ট হাণ্টাভাইৰাছে মানুহৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।[4] সাধাৰণতে যেতিয়া মানুহে [[তীক্ষ্ণদন্তী প্ৰাণী]](ৰোডেণ্ট)ৰ মলৰদ্বাৰা দূষিত বায়ু উশাহত লয় তেতিয়া এই ৰোগ বিয়পে।[4] এই ৰোগৰ দুয়োটা ধৰণৰ অন্তৰ্নিহিত ব্যৱস্থাত [[নিম্ন প্লেটলেট]]([[:en:Thrombocytopenia]]) আৰু [[ক্ষৰিত ৰক্তবাহী নলী]] জড়িত হৈ থাকে।[4] [[তেজ]]ৰ পৰীক্ষা]]ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ৰোগ নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়, সাধাৰণতে [[চেৰ’লজী]][4] প্ৰাথমিক চিকিৎসা [[আৰম্ভণিৰ যত্ন]]।[4] ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত [[অক্সিজেন চিকিৎসা]], [[যান্ত্ৰিক শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাস]], [[ডায়েলাইছিছ]] বা [[প্লেটলেট ট্ৰান্সফিউজন]] আদি থাকিব পাৰে।[4] [[ৰিবাভিৰিন]] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দিলে উপযোগী হ’ব পাৰে।[4] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যুৰ আশংকা প্ৰায় ১২% আৰু এইচ পি এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰায় ৪০%।[4] বছৰি প্ৰায় এক লাখ এইচ এফ আৰ এছ ধৰা পৰে, আনহাতে ১৯৯৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এইচ পি এছ ধৰা পৰাৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১০০০টা এইচ পি এছ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে।[4] হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা বস্তুৰ বৰ্ণনা প্ৰায় ১০০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰাই পোৱা যায় যদিও[4] এই ৰোগৰ কাৰণ হোৱা ভাইৰাছটো ১৯৭৬ চনলৈকে, দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ [[হাণ্টান নদী]] অঞ্চলত আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।[4][5] ২০২৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত ডাচ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজ এম ভি হণ্ডিয়াছত এণ্ডিজ ভাইৰাছৰ ফলত হোৱা হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== jyffyyqfuyzuf1y83j1d3rticleih61 608685 608684 2026-05-25T17:37:53Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 পৃষ্ঠা [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ]]ৰ পৰা [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ]]লৈ Pranamikaadhikaryয়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে: Misspelled title 608684 wikitext text/x-wiki '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ''' বা '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ''' হৈছে অৰ্থোহাণ্টাভাইৰাছ প্ৰজাতিৰ ভাইৰাছৰদ্বাৰা হোৱা মানুহৰ সংক্ৰামক ৰোগ। ইয়াৰ ফলত ''ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম'' (HFRS) বা ''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ পালমোনাৰী চিনড্ৰম'' (HPS)ৰ সৈতে ৰক্তক্ষৰণজনিত জ্বৰ হ’ব পাৰে।[3] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ(HFRS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল সাধাৰণতে [[মূৰৰ বিষ]], [[পেটৰ বিষ]], [[জ্বৰ]], [[বমি]], [[ৰক্তক্ষৰণ]] আৰু [[বৃক্ক বিকলতা]] আদি।[1] এইচ পি এছ(HPS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল ভাগৰুৱা, [[জ্বৰ]], [[পেশীৰ বিষ]], [[কাহ]] আৰু [[উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট]]।[2] সাধাৰণতে ভাইৰাছৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ১ৰপৰা ৮ সপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক লক্ষণসমূহ আৰম্ভ হয়।[1][2] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ পুৰণি বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয় আনহাতে এইচ পি এছ নতুন বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয়।[3] ২৮টাতকৈ অধিক নিৰ্দিষ্ট হাণ্টাভাইৰাছে মানুহৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।[4] সাধাৰণতে যেতিয়া মানুহে [[তীক্ষ্ণদন্তী প্ৰাণী]](ৰোডেণ্ট)ৰ মলৰদ্বাৰা দূষিত বায়ু উশাহত লয় তেতিয়া এই ৰোগ বিয়পে।[4] এই ৰোগৰ দুয়োটা ধৰণৰ অন্তৰ্নিহিত ব্যৱস্থাত [[নিম্ন প্লেটলেট]]([[:en:Thrombocytopenia]]) আৰু [[ক্ষৰিত ৰক্তবাহী নলী]] জড়িত হৈ থাকে।[4] [[তেজ]]ৰ পৰীক্ষা]]ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ৰোগ নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়, সাধাৰণতে [[চেৰ’লজী]][4] প্ৰাথমিক চিকিৎসা [[আৰম্ভণিৰ যত্ন]]।[4] ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত [[অক্সিজেন চিকিৎসা]], [[যান্ত্ৰিক শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাস]], [[ডায়েলাইছিছ]] বা [[প্লেটলেট ট্ৰান্সফিউজন]] আদি থাকিব পাৰে।[4] [[ৰিবাভিৰিন]] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দিলে উপযোগী হ’ব পাৰে।[4] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যুৰ আশংকা প্ৰায় ১২% আৰু এইচ পি এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰায় ৪০%।[4] বছৰি প্ৰায় এক লাখ এইচ এফ আৰ এছ ধৰা পৰে, আনহাতে ১৯৯৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এইচ পি এছ ধৰা পৰাৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১০০০টা এইচ পি এছ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে।[4] হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা বস্তুৰ বৰ্ণনা প্ৰায় ১০০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰাই পোৱা যায় যদিও[4] এই ৰোগৰ কাৰণ হোৱা ভাইৰাছটো ১৯৭৬ চনলৈকে, দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ [[হাণ্টান নদী]] অঞ্চলত আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।[4][5] ২০২৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত ডাচ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজ এম ভি হণ্ডিয়াছত এণ্ডিজ ভাইৰাছৰ ফলত হোৱা হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== jyffyyqfuyzuf1y83j1d3rticleih61 608687 608685 2026-05-25T17:39:13Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 608687 wikitext text/x-wiki '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ''' বা '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ''' হৈছে [[অৰ্থোহাণ্টাভাইৰাছ]] প্ৰজাতিৰ [[ভাইৰাছ]]ৰদ্বাৰা হোৱা মানুহৰ [[সংক্ৰামক ৰোগ]]। ইয়াৰ ফলত ''ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম'' (HFRS) বা ''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ পালমোনাৰী চিনড্ৰম'' (HPS)ৰ সৈতে ৰক্তক্ষৰণজনিত জ্বৰ হ’ব পাৰে।[3] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ(HFRS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল সাধাৰণতে [[মূৰৰ বিষ]], [[পেটৰ বিষ]], [[জ্বৰ]], [[বমি]], [[ৰক্তক্ষৰণ]] আৰু [[বৃক্ক বিকলতা]] আদি।[1] এইচ পি এছ(HPS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল ভাগৰুৱা, [[জ্বৰ]], [[পেশীৰ বিষ]], [[কাহ]] আৰু [[উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট]]।[2] সাধাৰণতে ভাইৰাছৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ১ৰপৰা ৮ সপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক লক্ষণসমূহ আৰম্ভ হয়।[1][2] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ পুৰণি বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয় আনহাতে এইচ পি এছ নতুন বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয়।[3] ২৮টাতকৈ অধিক নিৰ্দিষ্ট হাণ্টাভাইৰাছে মানুহৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।[4] সাধাৰণতে যেতিয়া মানুহে [[তীক্ষ্ণদন্তী প্ৰাণী]](ৰোডেণ্ট)ৰ মলৰদ্বাৰা দূষিত বায়ু উশাহত লয় তেতিয়া এই ৰোগ বিয়পে।[4] এই ৰোগৰ দুয়োটা ধৰণৰ অন্তৰ্নিহিত ব্যৱস্থাত [[নিম্ন প্লেটলেট]]([[:en:Thrombocytopenia]]) আৰু [[ক্ষৰিত ৰক্তবাহী নলী]] জড়িত হৈ থাকে।[4] [[তেজ]]ৰ পৰীক্ষা]]ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ৰোগ নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়, সাধাৰণতে [[চেৰ’লজী]][4] প্ৰাথমিক চিকিৎসা [[আৰম্ভণিৰ যত্ন]]।[4] ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত [[অক্সিজেন চিকিৎসা]], [[যান্ত্ৰিক শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাস]], [[ডায়েলাইছিছ]] বা [[প্লেটলেট ট্ৰান্সফিউজন]] আদি থাকিব পাৰে।[4] [[ৰিবাভিৰিন]] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দিলে উপযোগী হ’ব পাৰে।[4] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যুৰ আশংকা প্ৰায় ১২% আৰু এইচ পি এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰায় ৪০%।[4] বছৰি প্ৰায় এক লাখ এইচ এফ আৰ এছ ধৰা পৰে, আনহাতে ১৯৯৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এইচ পি এছ ধৰা পৰাৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১০০০টা এইচ পি এছ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে।[4] হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা বস্তুৰ বৰ্ণনা প্ৰায় ১০০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰাই পোৱা যায় যদিও[4] এই ৰোগৰ কাৰণ হোৱা ভাইৰাছটো ১৯৭৬ চনলৈকে, দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ [[হাণ্টান নদী]] অঞ্চলত আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।[4][5] ২০২৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত ডাচ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজ এম ভি হণ্ডিয়াছত এণ্ডিজ ভাইৰাছৰ ফলত হোৱা হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== oiaq2qoxii946ht3mplpsrchsd1mirj 608688 608687 2026-05-25T17:42:50Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 608688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ''' বা '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ''' হৈছে [[অৰ্থোহাণ্টাভাইৰাছ]] প্ৰজাতিৰ [[ভাইৰাছ]]ৰদ্বাৰা হোৱা মানুহৰ [[সংক্ৰামক ৰোগ]]। ইয়াৰ ফলত [[হেমোৰেজিক ফিভাৰ উইথ ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম|ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম]] (HFRS) বা [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ পালমোনাৰী চিনড্ৰম]] (HPS)ৰ সৈতে ৰক্তক্ষৰণজনিত জ্বৰ হ’ব পাৰে।[3] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ(HFRS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল সাধাৰণতে [[মূৰৰ বিষ]], [[পেটৰ বিষ]], [[জ্বৰ]], [[বমি]], [[ৰক্তক্ষৰণ]] আৰু [[বৃক্ক বিকলতা]] আদি।[1] এইচ পি এছ(HPS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল ভাগৰুৱা, [[জ্বৰ]], [[পেশীৰ বিষ]], [[কাহ]] আৰু [[উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট]]।[2] সাধাৰণতে ভাইৰাছৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ১ৰপৰা ৮ সপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক লক্ষণসমূহ আৰম্ভ হয়।[1][2] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ পুৰণি বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয় আনহাতে এইচ পি এছ নতুন বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয়।[3] ২৮টাতকৈ অধিক নিৰ্দিষ্ট হাণ্টাভাইৰাছে মানুহৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।[4] সাধাৰণতে যেতিয়া মানুহে [[তীক্ষ্ণদন্তী প্ৰাণী]](ৰোডেণ্ট)ৰ মলৰদ্বাৰা দূষিত বায়ু উশাহত লয় তেতিয়া এই ৰোগ বিয়পে।[4] এই ৰোগৰ দুয়োটা ধৰণৰ অন্তৰ্নিহিত ব্যৱস্থাত [[নিম্ন প্লেটলেট]]([[:en:Thrombocytopenia]]) আৰু [[ক্ষৰিত ৰক্তবাহী নলী]] জড়িত হৈ থাকে।[4] [[তেজ]]ৰ পৰীক্ষা]]ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ৰোগ নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়, সাধাৰণতে [[চেৰ’লজী]][4] প্ৰাথমিক চিকিৎসা [[আৰম্ভণিৰ যত্ন]]।[4] ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত [[অক্সিজেন চিকিৎসা]], [[যান্ত্ৰিক শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাস]], [[ডায়েলাইছিছ]] বা [[প্লেটলেট ট্ৰান্সফিউজন]] আদি থাকিব পাৰে।[4] [[ৰিবাভিৰিন]] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দিলে উপযোগী হ’ব পাৰে।[4] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যুৰ আশংকা প্ৰায় ১২% আৰু এইচ পি এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰায় ৪০%।[4] বছৰি প্ৰায় এক লাখ এইচ এফ আৰ এছ ধৰা পৰে, আনহাতে ১৯৯৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এইচ পি এছ ধৰা পৰাৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১০০০টা এইচ পি এছ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে।[4] হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা বস্তুৰ বৰ্ণনা প্ৰায় ১০০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰাই পোৱা যায় যদিও[4] এই ৰোগৰ কাৰণ হোৱা ভাইৰাছটো ১৯৭৬ চনলৈকে, দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ [[হাণ্টান নদী]] অঞ্চলত আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।[4][5] ২০২৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত ডাচ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজ এম ভি হণ্ডিয়াছত এণ্ডিজ ভাইৰাছৰ ফলত হোৱা হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== 7fa5cem3cwpqmipny59p5gpc18x2t8e 608689 608688 2026-05-25T17:43:23Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 608689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = Hantavirus disease | image =[[File:Geographical distribution of pathogenic hantaviruses and principal associated pathologies in humans.jpg|400px||class=skin-invert-image]]| image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = | caption = World distribution of pathogenic hantaviruses. <small>{{columns-list|colwidth=8em|{{legend|#377eb8|[[Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome|HCPS]]|size=10px}}{{legend|#7cf059|[[Puumala virus|NE]]/HFRS|size=10px}}{{legend|#fc4732|[[Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome|HFRS]]|size=10px}}}}</small>| pronounce = | field = [[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | symptoms = '''HFRS''': Headache, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, bleeding, [[kidney failure]]<ref name=CDC2021HFRS/><br>'''HPS''': Tiredness, fever, [[muscle pain]], cough, [[shortness of breath]]<ref name=CDC2016Sym/> | complications = | onset = 1 to 8 weeks following exposure<ref name=CDC2021HFRS/><ref name=CDC2016Sym/> | duration = | types = [[Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome|Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]] (HFRS)<br>[[Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome]] (HPS)<ref name=CDC2021/> | causes = [[orthohantavirus]]es spread by [[rodents]]<ref name=Av2019/> | risks = | diagnosis = Blood tests<ref name=Av2019/> | differential = | prevention = Rodent control<ref name=Av2019/> | treatment = [[Symptomatic treatment|Supportive care]]<ref name=Av2019/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = HFRS 100,000 cases per year, HPS < 50 cases per year<ref name=Av2019/> | deaths = HFRS 12%, HPS 40%<ref name=Av2019/> | named after = [[Hantan River]] in [[South Korea]] }} '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ''' বা '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ''' হৈছে [[অৰ্থোহাণ্টাভাইৰাছ]] প্ৰজাতিৰ [[ভাইৰাছ]]ৰদ্বাৰা হোৱা মানুহৰ [[সংক্ৰামক ৰোগ]]। ইয়াৰ ফলত [[হেমোৰেজিক ফিভাৰ উইথ ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম|ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম]] (HFRS) বা [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ পালমোনাৰী চিনড্ৰম]] (HPS)ৰ সৈতে ৰক্তক্ষৰণজনিত জ্বৰ হ’ব পাৰে।[3] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ(HFRS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল সাধাৰণতে [[মূৰৰ বিষ]], [[পেটৰ বিষ]], [[জ্বৰ]], [[বমি]], [[ৰক্তক্ষৰণ]] আৰু [[বৃক্ক বিকলতা]] আদি।[1] এইচ পি এছ(HPS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল ভাগৰুৱা, [[জ্বৰ]], [[পেশীৰ বিষ]], [[কাহ]] আৰু [[উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট]]।[2] সাধাৰণতে ভাইৰাছৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ১ৰপৰা ৮ সপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক লক্ষণসমূহ আৰম্ভ হয়।[1][2] এইচ এফ আৰ এছ পুৰণি বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয় আনহাতে এইচ পি এছ নতুন বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয়।[3] ২৮টাতকৈ অধিক নিৰ্দিষ্ট হাণ্টাভাইৰাছে মানুহৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।[4] সাধাৰণতে যেতিয়া মানুহে [[তীক্ষ্ণদন্তী প্ৰাণী]](ৰোডেণ্ট)ৰ মলৰদ্বাৰা দূষিত বায়ু উশাহত লয় তেতিয়া এই ৰোগ বিয়পে।[4] এই ৰোগৰ দুয়োটা ধৰণৰ অন্তৰ্নিহিত ব্যৱস্থাত [[নিম্ন প্লেটলেট]]([[:en:Thrombocytopenia]]) আৰু [[ক্ষৰিত ৰক্তবাহী নলী]] জড়িত হৈ থাকে।[4] [[তেজ]]ৰ পৰীক্ষা]]ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ৰোগ নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়, সাধাৰণতে [[চেৰ’লজী]][4] প্ৰাথমিক চিকিৎসা [[আৰম্ভণিৰ যত্ন]]।[4] ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত [[অক্সিজেন চিকিৎসা]], [[যান্ত্ৰিক শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাস]], [[ডায়েলাইছিছ]] বা [[প্লেটলেট ট্ৰান্সফিউজন]] আদি থাকিব পাৰে।[4] [[ৰিবাভিৰিন]] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দিলে উপযোগী হ’ব পাৰে।[4] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যুৰ আশংকা প্ৰায় ১২% আৰু এইচ পি এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰায় ৪০%।[4] বছৰি প্ৰায় এক লাখ এইচ এফ আৰ এছ ধৰা পৰে, আনহাতে ১৯৯৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এইচ পি এছ ধৰা পৰাৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১০০০টা এইচ পি এছ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে।[4] হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা বস্তুৰ বৰ্ণনা প্ৰায় ১০০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰাই পোৱা যায় যদিও[4] এই ৰোগৰ কাৰণ হোৱা ভাইৰাছটো ১৯৭৬ চনলৈকে, দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ [[হাণ্টান নদী]] অঞ্চলত আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।[4][5] ২০২৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত ডাচ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজ এম ভি হণ্ডিয়াছত এণ্ডিজ ভাইৰাছৰ ফলত হোৱা হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== fl28vyjknycx2fflta2exglh820u0lv 608690 608689 2026-05-25T17:48:42Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 608690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = Hantavirus disease | image =[[File:Geographical distribution of pathogenic hantaviruses and principal associated pathologies in humans.jpg|400px||class=skin-invert-image]]| image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = | caption = World distribution of pathogenic hantaviruses. <small>{{columns-list|colwidth=8em|{{legend|#377eb8|[[Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome|HCPS]]|size=10px}}{{legend|#7cf059|[[Puumala virus|NE]]/HFRS|size=10px}}{{legend|#fc4732|[[Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome|HFRS]]|size=10px}}}}</small>| pronounce = | field = [[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | symptoms = '''HFRS''': Headache, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, bleeding, [[kidney failure]]<ref name=CDC2021HFRS/><br>'''HPS''': Tiredness, fever, [[muscle pain]], cough, [[shortness of breath]]<ref name=CDC2016Sym/> | complications = | onset = 1 to 8 weeks following exposure<ref name=CDC2021HFRS/><ref name=CDC2016Sym/> | duration = | types = [[Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome|Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]] (HFRS)<br>[[Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome]] (HPS)<ref name=CDC2021/> | causes = [[orthohantavirus]]es spread by [[rodents]]<ref name=Av2019/> | risks = | diagnosis = Blood tests<ref name=Av2019/> | differential = | prevention = Rodent control<ref name=Av2019/> | treatment = [[Symptomatic treatment|Supportive care]]<ref name=Av2019/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = HFRS 100,000 cases per year, HPS < 50 cases per year<ref name=Av2019/> | deaths = HFRS 12%, HPS 40%<ref name=Av2019/> | named after = [[Hantan River]] in [[South Korea]] }} '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ''' বা '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ''' হৈছে [[অৰ্থোহাণ্টাভাইৰাছ]] প্ৰজাতিৰ [[ভাইৰাছ]]ৰদ্বাৰা হোৱা মানুহৰ [[সংক্ৰামক ৰোগ]]। ইয়াৰ ফলত [[হেমোৰেজিক ফিভাৰ উইথ ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম|ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম]] (HFRS) বা [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ পালমোনাৰী চিনড্ৰম]] (HPS)ৰ সৈতে ৰক্তক্ষৰণজনিত জ্বৰ হ’ব পাৰে।<ref name="CDC2021">{{cite web |title=CDC - Hantavirus |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/ |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=25 March 2021 |language=en-us |date=9 September 2020 |archive-date=28 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128235900/http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/phys/virology.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> এইচ এফ আৰ এছ(HFRS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল সাধাৰণতে [[মূৰৰ বিষ]], [[পেটৰ বিষ]], [[জ্বৰ]], [[বমি]], [[ৰক্তক্ষৰণ]] আৰু [[বৃক্ক বিকলতা]] আদি।<ref name="CDC2021HFRS">{{cite web |title=CDC - Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) - Hantavirus |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hfrs/index.html |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=29 March 2021 |language=en-us |date=22 February 2019 |archive-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116234245/https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hfrs/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> এইচ পি এছ(HPS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল ভাগৰুৱা, [[জ্বৰ]], [[পেশীৰ বিষ]], [[কাহ]] আৰু [[উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট]]।<ref name="CDC2016Sym">{{cite web |title=Signs & Symptoms {{!}} Hantavirus {{!}} DHCPP {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hps/symptoms.html |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=28 March 2021 |language=en-us |date=22 February 2019 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320001311/https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hps/symptoms.html |url-status=live }}</ref> সাধাৰণতে ভাইৰাছৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ১ৰপৰা ৮ সপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক লক্ষণসমূহ আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="CDC2021HFRS" /><ref name="CDC2016Sym" /> এইচ এফ আৰ এছ পুৰণি বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয় আনহাতে এইচ পি এছ নতুন বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয়।<ref name="CDC2021" /> ২৮টাতকৈ অধিক নিৰ্দিষ্ট হাণ্টাভাইৰাছে মানুহৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref name="Av2019" /> সাধাৰণতে যেতিয়া মানুহে [[তীক্ষ্ণদন্তী প্ৰাণী]](ৰোডেণ্ট)ৰ মলৰদ্বাৰা দূষিত বায়ু উশাহত লয় তেতিয়া এই ৰোগ বিয়পে।<ref name="Av2019" /> এই ৰোগৰ দুয়োটা ধৰণৰ অন্তৰ্নিহিত ব্যৱস্থাত [[নিম্ন প্লেটলেট]]([[:en:Thrombocytopenia]]) আৰু [[ক্ষৰিত ৰক্তবাহী নলী]] জড়িত হৈ থাকে।<ref name="Av2019" /> [[তেজ]]ৰ পৰীক্ষা]]ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ৰোগ নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়, সাধাৰণতে [[চেৰ’লজী]]<ref name="Av2019" /> প্ৰাথমিক চিকিৎসা [[আৰম্ভণিৰ যত্ন]]।<ref name="Av2019" /> ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত [[অক্সিজেন চিকিৎসা]], [[যান্ত্ৰিক শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাস]], [[ডায়েলাইছিছ]] বা [[প্লেটলেট ট্ৰান্সফিউজন]] আদি থাকিব পাৰে।<ref name="Av2019" /> [[ৰিবাভিৰিন]] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দিলে উপযোগী হ’ব পাৰে।<ref name="Av2019" /> এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যুৰ আশংকা প্ৰায় ১২% আৰু এইচ পি এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰায় ৪০%।<ref name="Av2019" /> বছৰি প্ৰায় এক লাখ এইচ এফ আৰ এছ ধৰা পৰে, আনহাতে ১৯৯৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এইচ পি এছ ধৰা পৰাৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১০০০টা এইচ পি এছ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Av2019" /> হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা বস্তুৰ বৰ্ণনা প্ৰায় ১০০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰাই পোৱা যায় যদিও<ref name=Av2019>{{cite journal|vauthors=Avšič-Županc T, Saksida A, Korva M|date=2019|title=Hantavirus infections.|journal=Clin Microbiol Infect|volume=21S|pages=e6–e16|doi=10.1111/1469-0691.12291|pmid=24750436|doi-access=free}}</ref> এই ৰোগৰ কাৰণ হোৱা ভাইৰাছটো ১৯৭৬ চনলৈকে, দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ [[হাণ্টান নদী]] অঞ্চলত আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name=Av2019/><ref name=ICTV9>{{cite web |title=ICTV 9th Report (2011) – Negative Sense RNA Viruses – Bunyaviridae |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/negrna_viruses/205/bunyaviridae |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=31 January 2019 |language=en |quote=Hanta: from Hantaan, river in South Korea near where type virus was isolated. |archive-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010501/https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/negrna_viruses/205/bunyaviridae |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত ডাচ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজ এম ভি হণ্ডিয়াছত এণ্ডিজ ভাইৰাছৰ ফলত হোৱা হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== 0n7vd1ac7ww2ve0h0lg1zddif39y4ou 608691 608690 2026-05-25T17:49:21Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 +[[শ্ৰেণী:ৰোগ]]; +[[শ্ৰেণী:ভাইৰাছজনিত ৰোগ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = | synonym = Hantavirus disease | image =[[File:Geographical distribution of pathogenic hantaviruses and principal associated pathologies in humans.jpg|400px||class=skin-invert-image]]| image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = | caption = World distribution of pathogenic hantaviruses. <small>{{columns-list|colwidth=8em|{{legend|#377eb8|[[Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome|HCPS]]|size=10px}}{{legend|#7cf059|[[Puumala virus|NE]]/HFRS|size=10px}}{{legend|#fc4732|[[Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome|HFRS]]|size=10px}}}}</small>| pronounce = | field = [[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]] | symptoms = '''HFRS''': Headache, abdominal pain, fever, nausea, bleeding, [[kidney failure]]<ref name=CDC2021HFRS/><br>'''HPS''': Tiredness, fever, [[muscle pain]], cough, [[shortness of breath]]<ref name=CDC2016Sym/> | complications = | onset = 1 to 8 weeks following exposure<ref name=CDC2021HFRS/><ref name=CDC2016Sym/> | duration = | types = [[Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome|Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]] (HFRS)<br>[[Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome]] (HPS)<ref name=CDC2021/> | causes = [[orthohantavirus]]es spread by [[rodents]]<ref name=Av2019/> | risks = | diagnosis = Blood tests<ref name=Av2019/> | differential = | prevention = Rodent control<ref name=Av2019/> | treatment = [[Symptomatic treatment|Supportive care]]<ref name=Av2019/> | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = HFRS 100,000 cases per year, HPS < 50 cases per year<ref name=Av2019/> | deaths = HFRS 12%, HPS 40%<ref name=Av2019/> | named after = [[Hantan River]] in [[South Korea]] }} '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ''' বা '''হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ ৰোগ''' হৈছে [[অৰ্থোহাণ্টাভাইৰাছ]] প্ৰজাতিৰ [[ভাইৰাছ]]ৰদ্বাৰা হোৱা মানুহৰ [[সংক্ৰামক ৰোগ]]। ইয়াৰ ফলত [[হেমোৰেজিক ফিভাৰ উইথ ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম|ৰেনাল চিনড্ৰম]] (HFRS) বা [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ পালমোনাৰী চিনড্ৰম]] (HPS)ৰ সৈতে ৰক্তক্ষৰণজনিত জ্বৰ হ’ব পাৰে।<ref name="CDC2021">{{cite web |title=CDC - Hantavirus |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/ |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=25 March 2021 |language=en-us |date=9 September 2020 |archive-date=28 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128235900/http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/phys/virology.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> এইচ এফ আৰ এছ(HFRS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল সাধাৰণতে [[মূৰৰ বিষ]], [[পেটৰ বিষ]], [[জ্বৰ]], [[বমি]], [[ৰক্তক্ষৰণ]] আৰু [[বৃক্ক বিকলতা]] আদি।<ref name="CDC2021HFRS">{{cite web |title=CDC - Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) - Hantavirus |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hfrs/index.html |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=29 March 2021 |language=en-us |date=22 February 2019 |archive-date=16 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116234245/https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hfrs/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref> এইচ পি এছ(HPS)ৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হ’ল ভাগৰুৱা, [[জ্বৰ]], [[পেশীৰ বিষ]], [[কাহ]] আৰু [[উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট]]।<ref name="CDC2016Sym">{{cite web |title=Signs & Symptoms {{!}} Hantavirus {{!}} DHCPP {{!}} CDC |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hps/symptoms.html |website=www.cdc.gov |access-date=28 March 2021 |language=en-us |date=22 February 2019 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320001311/https://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/hps/symptoms.html |url-status=live }}</ref> সাধাৰণতে ভাইৰাছৰ সংস্পৰ্শৰ ১ৰপৰা ৮ সপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰাৰম্ভিক লক্ষণসমূহ আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="CDC2021HFRS" /><ref name="CDC2016Sym" /> এইচ এফ আৰ এছ পুৰণি বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয় আনহাতে এইচ পি এছ নতুন বিশ্বৰ হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ বাবে হয়।<ref name="CDC2021" /> ২৮টাতকৈ অধিক নিৰ্দিষ্ট হাণ্টাভাইৰাছে মানুহৰ ৰোগ সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref name="Av2019" /> সাধাৰণতে যেতিয়া মানুহে [[তীক্ষ্ণদন্তী প্ৰাণী]](ৰোডেণ্ট)ৰ মলৰদ্বাৰা দূষিত বায়ু উশাহত লয় তেতিয়া এই ৰোগ বিয়পে।<ref name="Av2019" /> এই ৰোগৰ দুয়োটা ধৰণৰ অন্তৰ্নিহিত ব্যৱস্থাত [[নিম্ন প্লেটলেট]]([[:en:Thrombocytopenia]]) আৰু [[ক্ষৰিত ৰক্তবাহী নলী]] জড়িত হৈ থাকে।<ref name="Av2019" /> [[তেজ]]ৰ পৰীক্ষা]]ৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি ৰোগ নিৰ্ণয় কৰা হয়, সাধাৰণতে [[চেৰ’লজী]]<ref name="Av2019" /> প্ৰাথমিক চিকিৎসা [[আৰম্ভণিৰ যত্ন]]।<ref name="Av2019" /> ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত [[অক্সিজেন চিকিৎসা]], [[যান্ত্ৰিক শ্বাস-প্ৰশ্বাস]], [[ডায়েলাইছিছ]] বা [[প্লেটলেট ট্ৰান্সফিউজন]] আদি থাকিব পাৰে।<ref name="Av2019" /> [[ৰিবাভিৰিন]] এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দিলে উপযোগী হ’ব পাৰে।<ref name="Av2019" /> এইচ এফ আৰ এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যুৰ আশংকা প্ৰায় ১২% আৰু এইচ পি এছৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰায় ৪০%।<ref name="Av2019" /> বছৰি প্ৰায় এক লাখ এইচ এফ আৰ এছ ধৰা পৰে, আনহাতে ১৯৯৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে এইচ পি এছ ধৰা পৰাৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১০০০টা এইচ পি এছ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Av2019" /> হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা বস্তুৰ বৰ্ণনা প্ৰায় ১০০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰপৰাই পোৱা যায় যদিও<ref name=Av2019>{{cite journal|vauthors=Avšič-Županc T, Saksida A, Korva M|date=2019|title=Hantavirus infections.|journal=Clin Microbiol Infect|volume=21S|pages=e6–e16|doi=10.1111/1469-0691.12291|pmid=24750436|doi-access=free}}</ref> এই ৰোগৰ কাৰণ হোৱা ভাইৰাছটো ১৯৭৬ চনলৈকে, দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ [[হাণ্টান নদী]] অঞ্চলত আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name=Av2019/><ref name=ICTV9>{{cite web |title=ICTV 9th Report (2011) – Negative Sense RNA Viruses – Bunyaviridae |url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/negrna_viruses/205/bunyaviridae |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |access-date=31 January 2019 |language=en |quote=Hanta: from Hantaan, river in South Korea near where type virus was isolated. |archive-date=11 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010501/https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/negative-sense-rna-viruses-2011/w/negrna_viruses/205/bunyaviridae |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত ডাচ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজ এম ভি হণ্ডিয়াছত এণ্ডিজ ভাইৰাছৰ ফলত হোৱা হাণ্টাভাইৰাছৰ সংক্ৰমণৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰোগ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাইৰাছজনিত ৰোগ]] 1wthczw015r8xp0ottwmpklfenueheq 0 137049 608686 2026-05-25T17:37:53Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 পৃষ্ঠা [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ]]ৰ পৰা [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ]]লৈ Pranamikaadhikaryয়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে: Misspelled title 608686 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[হাণ্টাভাইৰাছ সংক্ৰমণ]] 90xgati625i76j3e1assaqeohfnbsae 0 137050 608692 2026-05-25T17:56:21Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == For his role in the brutal repression of civilians, Gholamreza Soleimani was subject to international sanctions from the United Kingdom, Canada, United States, Monaco, and European Union. যুক্তৰাজ্য– In October 2020, the UK imposed sanctions under the [[Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018]]. The measures, which include asset freezes and travel restrictions, were imposed in response to his role in the brutal repression of civilians.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – In October 2022, sanctions were imposed under Canada’s [[Special Economic Measures]] (Iran) Regulations, Cited for widespread and systematic violations of [[human rights]] during anti-regime demonstrations, the sanctions involve asset freezes, a ban on arms and financial transactions, and a designation that renders him inadmissible to Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – In December 2021, the [[U.S. Treasury]] added Soleimani to its [[Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List|Specially Designated Nationals]] (SDN) list under [[Executive Order 13553]] for acting for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, the [[Basij]]. As a result, any assets under U.S. jurisdiction were frozen, and U.S. persons were prohibited from engaging in transactions with him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– In April 2021, Soleimani was sanctioned by the [[Council of the European Union]] for his role in the violent crackdown on the [[2019–2020 Iranian protests|November 2019 protests]] in Iran, which resulted in numerous civilian casualties. The measures included a travel ban and an asset freeze.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == ইজৰাইলৰ ওপৰত স্থিতি == Gholamreza Soleimani declared that the Islamic Republic would persist in its efforts to eliminate the State of Israel, aligning with the ideological framework known as "the Second Step of the Revolution". According to Soleimani, Jewish hostility toward Islam had existed since the religion’s inception.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2023 |title=Iranian Paramilitary Commander Repeats Threat To Destroy Israel |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202312074202 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.iranintl.com |language=en}}</ref> The [[Second Phase of the Revolution|Second Step of the Revolution]] is a concept introduced by Iran’s Supreme Leader [[Ali Khamenei]] in 2019 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the [[Islamic Revolution]]. The doctrine emphasizes continued resistance to perceived Western and Israeli influence in the region. In a related statement from 2015, Khamenei stated that Israel must be destroyed within 25 years, a remark frequently reiterated by senior Iranian officials.<ref name=":0" /> In regard to the [[Gaza war]], Soleimani claimed in November 2024 that Israel was facing economic collapse due to its ongoing conflict with [[Hamas]] in Gaza. He stated that Iran-backed militias, including [[Hezbollah]] in Lebanon, continued to engage in near-daily cross-border clashes with Israeli forces. Additional attacks had also been launched against Israel by Iranian-aligned groups operating in [[Yemen]], Syria, and Iraq following Hamas’s [[October 7 attacks|7 October 2023 attack]]. “The Zionist regime has been defeated militarily,” Soleimani said, adding that it is a continuation of the revolution of 1979.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=19 November 2024 |title=IRGC general says US and Israel defeated, as propaganda war continues |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202411198638 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.iranintl.com |language=en}}</ref> He further emphasized the importance of an international media campaign aimed at portraying Israel as a state in irreversible decline. "The world’s public opinion must be convinced that this regime has collapsed. We must continuously create and disseminate content in the digital space, spreading the message that the Zionist regime has been defeated".<ref name=":1" /> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কৰিছি [fa] লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল। পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} 36eq8vm3mpfduzdioydrdu78izsg3my 608693 608692 2026-05-25T17:57:37Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* ইজৰাইলৰ ওপৰত স্থিতি */ 608693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == For his role in the brutal repression of civilians, Gholamreza Soleimani was subject to international sanctions from the United Kingdom, Canada, United States, Monaco, and European Union. যুক্তৰাজ্য– In October 2020, the UK imposed sanctions under the [[Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018]]. The measures, which include asset freezes and travel restrictions, were imposed in response to his role in the brutal repression of civilians.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – In October 2022, sanctions were imposed under Canada’s [[Special Economic Measures]] (Iran) Regulations, Cited for widespread and systematic violations of [[human rights]] during anti-regime demonstrations, the sanctions involve asset freezes, a ban on arms and financial transactions, and a designation that renders him inadmissible to Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – In December 2021, the [[U.S. Treasury]] added Soleimani to its [[Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List|Specially Designated Nationals]] (SDN) list under [[Executive Order 13553]] for acting for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, the [[Basij]]. As a result, any assets under U.S. jurisdiction were frozen, and U.S. persons were prohibited from engaging in transactions with him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– In April 2021, Soleimani was sanctioned by the [[Council of the European Union]] for his role in the violent crackdown on the [[2019–2020 Iranian protests|November 2019 protests]] in Iran, which resulted in numerous civilian casualties. The measures included a travel ban and an asset freeze.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কৰিছি [fa] লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল। পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} lflf7ag7tpbyb6uaniyiaurnvxp98mx 608694 608693 2026-05-25T17:58:49Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* নিষেধাজ্ঞা */ 608694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– In October 2020, the UK imposed sanctions under the [[Sanctions and Anti-Money Laundering Act 2018]]. The measures, which include asset freezes and travel restrictions, were imposed in response to his role in the brutal repression of civilians.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – In October 2022, sanctions were imposed under Canada’s [[Special Economic Measures]] (Iran) Regulations, Cited for widespread and systematic violations of [[human rights]] during anti-regime demonstrations, the sanctions involve asset freezes, a ban on arms and financial transactions, and a designation that renders him inadmissible to Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – In December 2021, the [[U.S. Treasury]] added Soleimani to its [[Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List|Specially Designated Nationals]] (SDN) list under [[Executive Order 13553]] for acting for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, the [[Basij]]. As a result, any assets under U.S. jurisdiction were frozen, and U.S. persons were prohibited from engaging in transactions with him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– In April 2021, Soleimani was sanctioned by the [[Council of the European Union]] for his role in the violent crackdown on the [[2019–2020 Iranian protests|November 2019 protests]] in Iran, which resulted in numerous civilian casualties. The measures included a travel ban and an asset freeze.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কৰিছি [fa] লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল। পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} i6kw8qcd1dijx90tvl57a14xj3sj5s5 608695 608694 2026-05-25T18:01:04Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* নিষেধাজ্ঞা */ 608695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – In October 2022, sanctions were imposed under Canada’s [[Special Economic Measures]] (Iran) Regulations, Cited for widespread and systematic violations of [[human rights]] during anti-regime demonstrations, the sanctions involve asset freezes, a ban on arms and financial transactions, and a designation that renders him inadmissible to Canada.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – In December 2021, the [[U.S. Treasury]] added Soleimani to its [[Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List|Specially Designated Nationals]] (SDN) list under [[Executive Order 13553]] for acting for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, the [[Basij]]. As a result, any assets under U.S. jurisdiction were frozen, and U.S. persons were prohibited from engaging in transactions with him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– In April 2021, Soleimani was sanctioned by the [[Council of the European Union]] for his role in the violent crackdown on the [[2019–2020 Iranian protests|November 2019 protests]] in Iran, which resulted in numerous civilian casualties. The measures included a travel ban and an asset freeze.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কৰিছি [fa] লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল। পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} jj7b356zwtcw61sygfpjjkcq3hckw5s 608696 608695 2026-05-25T18:04:34Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* নিষেধাজ্ঞা */ 608696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – In December 2021, the [[U.S. Treasury]] added Soleimani to its [[Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List|Specially Designated Nationals]] (SDN) list under [[Executive Order 13553]] for acting for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, the [[Basij]]. As a result, any assets under U.S. jurisdiction were frozen, and U.S. persons were prohibited from engaging in transactions with him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– In April 2021, Soleimani was sanctioned by the [[Council of the European Union]] for his role in the violent crackdown on the [[2019–2020 Iranian protests|November 2019 protests]] in Iran, which resulted in numerous civilian casualties. The measures included a travel ban and an asset freeze.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কৰিছি [fa] লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল। পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} bdu00i7jengqhw7rvc2aqat8fjx85uv 608698 608696 2026-05-25T18:07:39Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* হত্যাকাণ্ড */ 608698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – In December 2021, the [[U.S. Treasury]] added Soleimani to its [[Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List|Specially Designated Nationals]] (SDN) list under [[Executive Order 13553]] for acting for or on behalf of, directly or indirectly, the [[Basij]]. As a result, any assets under U.S. jurisdiction were frozen, and U.S. persons were prohibited from engaging in transactions with him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– In April 2021, Soleimani was sanctioned by the [[Council of the European Union]] for his role in the violent crackdown on the [[2019–2020 Iranian protests|November 2019 protests]] in Iran, which resulted in numerous civilian casualties. The measures included a travel ban and an asset freeze.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} 75qf5ap1oo68tkvvq94u9i3kohlbvq7 608700 608698 2026-05-25T18:12:55Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* নিষেধাজ্ঞা */ 608700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{S-mil}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} jov1sqf5dfikymh0bmpki1tcnhsvpd5 608701 608700 2026-05-25T18:13:32Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} lmxn5pgaycxq6b1wcpnk3j9pbhl4thv 608702 608701 2026-05-25T18:13:55Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] mtjn5hvk7xnc8b367pm34czp88q0qed 608704 608702 2026-05-25T18:14:16Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * 19th Fajr Division {{small|(2001–2004)}} * [[41st Tharallah Division]] {{small|(2004–2006)}} * [[14th Imam Hossein Division]] {{small|(2006–2008)}} * Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] 6o2dmjs4ix1jjg1jatp0aovcq8b4e6e 608705 608704 2026-05-25T18:17:07Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian military officer (1964–2026)}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = চৰ্দাৰ | name = গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী | native_name_lang = fa | image = Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-4.jpg | caption = ২০১৯ চনত ছলেইমানীত | birth_date = {{birth year|1964}} | birth_place = ফাৰ্ছান, ইৰাণৰ ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্টেট। | death_date = {{death date and age|2026|03|17|1964|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰাণ]] | death_cause = বিমান আক্ৰমণৰদ্বাৰা হত্যা | nickname = | allegiance = {{flag|Iran}} | branch = {{tree list}} * ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ (IRGC) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Basij.svg}} [[Basij]] {{tree list/end}} | service_years = ১৯৮২–২০২৬ চন | rank = ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল | commands = {{plainlist| * ১৯ নং ফজৰ ডিভিজন {{small|(2001–2004)}} * ৪১ নং থাৰাল্লা ডিভিজন {{small|(2004–2006)} * ১৪ নং ইমাম হোছেইন ডিভিজন {{small|(2006–2008) * ইছফাহান চাহাব-আজ-জামান প্ৰভিন্সিয়েল কৰ্পছ {{small|(2008–2019)}} }} | unit = | battles = ইৰাণ–ইৰাক যুদ্ধ <br/>১২ দিনৰ যুদ্ধ<br/>২০২৬ ইৰানৰ যুদ্ধ {{Assassinated}} | alma_mater = ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | awards = | other_work = }} '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] d2kjgeu8689m8ac1jk9g27zuggjwwd7 608706 608705 2026-05-25T18:19:08Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608706 wikitext text/x-wiki '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] fa8rf4ho0sz8zjsclhtkcgtmetyb5k0 608707 608706 2026-05-25T18:22:47Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-5.jpg|thumb|গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী]] '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) ইৰাণৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ইতিহাসত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। যুক্তৰাজ্য– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> কানাডা – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ – ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before=[[Gholamhossein Gheybparvar]] |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] 1m4se0ddcgkp2j8x7zjc5si2jskjdvt 608708 608707 2026-05-25T18:24:56Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608708 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-5.jpg|thumb|গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী]] '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইজৰাইলৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা [[ইতিহাস]]ত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। [[যুক্তৰাজ্য]]– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[কানাডা]] – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]– ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before=ঘোলামহোছেইন ঘেবপৰভাৰ |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] 7wfz3336wim9kh64qiyh4uturl6kk0k 608709 608708 2026-05-25T18:25:48Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608709 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-5.jpg|thumb|গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী]] '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত [[ইজৰাইল]]ৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা [[ইতিহাস]]ত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। [[যুক্তৰাজ্য]]– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[কানাডা]] – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]– ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before=ঘোলামহোছেইন ঘেবপৰভাৰ |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] gln34kurfztujhztrllzlwtqdv35aww 608710 608709 2026-05-25T18:28:41Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:সেনা বিষয়া]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608710 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gholam Reza Soleymani-Raeis Sazman Basij Mostazafin-5.jpg|thumb|গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী]] '''গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানী''' (জন্ম, ১৯৬৪ – মৃত্যু,১৭ মাৰ্চ ২০২৬) [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছৰ বাছিজ অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীত জ্যেষ্ঠ বিষয়া আৰু অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/147127/Leader-appoints-deputy-Chief-of-Staff-Basij-commander|title=Leader appoints deputy Chief-of-Staff, Basij commander|publisher=[[Mehr News Agency]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/437666/Ayatollah-Khamenei-names-new-military-commanders|title=Ayatollah Khamenei names new military commanders|publisher=[[Tehran Times]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83378623/Leader-appoints-new-military-commanders|title=Leader appoints new military commanders|publisher=[[IRNA]]|date=2 July 2019|accessdate=6 July 2019}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত [[ইজৰাইল]]ৰ আক্ৰমণত তেওঁ নিহত হৈছিল।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ == গোলামৰেজা ছলেইমানীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯৬৪ চনত ইৰাণৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলৰ চাহৰমহল আৰু বাখতিয়াৰী প্ৰদেশৰ ফাৰ্ছানত। ১৯৮২ চনত ইৰাণ-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত বাছিজত অৰ্ধসামৰিক স্বেচ্ছাসেৱক হিচাপে সামৰিক কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত কোম্পানী কমাণ্ডাৰ আৰু পিছলৈ বেটেলিয়ন কমাণ্ডাৰ পদবীলৈ উন্নীত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন যুদ্ধ আৰু অভিযানত অংশ লৈছিল, য’ত আছিল অপাৰেচন ফাটাহ আল-মবিন, অপাৰেচন বায়ত আল-মুকাদ্দাছ, দ্বিতীয়খন খোৰামশ্বহৰ যুদ্ধ, অপাৰেচন ৰমজান, মাৰ্শ্বৰ যুদ্ধ, বাছৰা ঘেৰাও। ২০১৯ চনৰপৰা বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি অহা ছলেমানীয়ে শাসন-ব্যৱস্থাৰ আইন আৰু মতাদৰ্শ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Commander of Iran's paramilitary Basij force killed, Iranian state media says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/commander-irans-paramilitary-basij-force-killed-iranian-state-media-says-2026-03-17/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Gholamreza Soleimani {{!}} Gulf States Newsletter |url=https://www.gsn-online.com/news-centre/hot-topics/iran-gholamreza-soleimani |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=www.gsn-online.com}}</ref> ==শিক্ষা == ছলেমানীয়ে ইছফাহান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা [[ইতিহাস]]ত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে আৰু আই আৰ জি চি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কমাণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টাফ (আই আৰ জি চি ডি এফ’ছ)ত কমাণ্ড আৰু ছুপাৰভিজন পাঠ্যক্ৰম সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইৰাণৰ ইতিহাসৰ ডক্টৰেট ডিগ্ৰীৰ ছাত্ৰও আছিল। == প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাৰাত্মক দমনত ভূমিকা == ২০১৯ চনৰ জুলাইৰপৰা ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চলৈকে বাছিজ সংগঠনৰ অধিনায়ক হিচাপে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীয়ে ইৰাণী সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অসংখ্য মাৰাত্মক অভিযানত অৰ্ধসামৰিক বাহিনীৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ নিৰ্দেশনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ নেতৃত্বত বছিজে সামাজিক সংগঠনৰপৰা মাৰাত্মক উপায়েৰে অভ্যন্তৰীণ অশান্তি দমন কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা এটা ডাঙৰ "সংগঠিত শক্তি"লৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /><ref name="AlJazeeraBio" /> ===নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ (অবান ৯৮)=== ২০১৯ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ ঠিক আগতেই ছলেমানীয়ে দায়িত্বভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল, য'ত বাচিজসকলক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে মাৰাত্মক শক্তি প্ৰয়োগ কৰিবলৈ নিয়োগ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Amnesty2019">{{cite web |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Details of 304 deaths in crackdown on November 2019 protests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde13/2308/2020/en/ |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2020-05-20 |language=en}}</ref> [[মানৱ অধিকাৰ]] নিৰীক্ষণ সংস্থাসমূহে নথিভুক্ত কৰিছে যে তেওঁৰ কমাণ্ডত থকা বাছিজৰ ইউনিটসমূহে ভিৰক ছত্ৰভংগ দিবলৈ ছাদৰপৰা স্নাইপাৰ আৰু গধুৰ মেচিনগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> মাহশ্বৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডত বাছিজ আৰু আই আৰ জি চি বাহিনীক "জোলা হত্যাকাণ্ড" চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক ঔদ্যোগিক গ্ৰেডৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> এম্নেষ্টী ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলে বাছিজক শ শ লোকৰ মৃত্যুৰ মূল দোষী হিচাপে চিনাক্ত কৰি কয় যে কমাণ্ডৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত “দেখা মাত্ৰেই গুলীয়াই দিয়া।” নীতি ৰূপায়ণ কৰা হৈছিল। <ref name="Amnesty2019" /> ===২০২২–২০২৩ "নাৰী, জীৱন, স্বাধীনতা"ৰ প্ৰতিবাদ=== মাহছা আমিনৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ছলেমানীৰ বাহিনীয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা “মাৰাত্মক শক্তিৰ আৰ্হি”ৰ নথিভুক্ত গোচৰ।<ref name="HRW2022">{{cite web |last=Human Rights Watch |title=Iran: Security Forces Using Lethal Force in Protest Crackdown |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/10/05/iran-security-forces-using-lethal-force-protest-crackdown |access-date=2026-03-18 |date=2022-10-05 |language=en}}</ref> ইৰাণৰ ওপৰত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ তথ্য বিচাৰি উলিওৱা অভিযানে প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিবাদ দমনৰ বাবে শ্বটগান, এছাল্ট ৰাইফল আৰু পিষ্টলৰে সজ্জিত বাছিজ ইউনিট নিয়োগ কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ৫০০ৰো অধিক লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজৰ “নিৰাপত্তাৰক্ষী” নিয়োগ কৰাৰ কামো তদাৰক কৰিছিল যিয়ে প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ চকুত ধাতুৰ গুলীৰে গুলী চলোৱাৰ অভিযোগত শ শ লোকে দৃষ্টিশক্তি হেৰুৱাইছিল।<ref name="HRW2022" /> ===২০২৫–২০২৬ প্ৰতিবাদ=== ২০২৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে আৰু ২০২৬ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ছলেমানীয়ে বাছিজ বেটেলিয়নসমূহক দেশজোৰা অশান্তিৰ নতুন ঢৌৰ সময়ত ৰাজহুৱা চৌহদসমূহ পৰিষ্কাৰ কৰিবলৈ "সকলো প্ৰয়োজনীয় উপায়" ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name="AlJazeeraBio">{{cite news |title=Who is Gholamreza Soleimani, the commander of Iran's Basij forces? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/17/who-is-gholamreza-soleimani-the-commander-of-irans-basij-forces |work=Al Jazeera |date=2026-03-17 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> ২০২৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি চিস্তান আৰু বেলুচিস্তান আৰু কুৰ্দিস্তানৰ দৰে প্ৰদেশত বাচিজ ইউনিটসমূহে সজীৱ গোলাবাৰুদৰ ব্যৱহাৰ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে।<ref name="Amnesty2026">{{cite news |last=Amnesty International |title=Iran: Massacre of protesters demands global diplomatic action to signal an end to impunity |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2026/01/iran-massacre-of-protesters-demands-global-diplomatic-action-to-signal-an-end-to-impunity/ |date=2026-01-14 |access-date=2026-03-18}}</ref> == নিষেধাজ্ঞা == সাধাৰণ নাগৰিকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মম দমনত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে গোলামৰেজা ছলেমানীক যুক্তৰাজ্য, কানাডা, আমেৰিকা, মনাকো আৰু ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ পৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ আওতালৈ অনা হৈছিল। [[যুক্তৰাজ্য]]– ২০২০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ব্ৰিটেইনে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰু ধন সৰবৰাহৰ বিৰোধী আইন ২০১৮ৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।সাধাৰন লোকৰ ওপৰত নৃশংস দমনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনাই সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ নিষেধাজ্ঞাকে ধৰি এই ব্যৱস্থাসমূহ জাৰি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2022 |title=UK announces sanctions against Iran's morality police |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/10/iran-morality-police-uk-sanctions-mahsa-amini-protests |access-date=9 June 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[কানাডা]] – ২০২২ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত কানাডাৰ বিশেষ অৰ্থনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা (ইৰাণ) নিয়মৰ অধীনত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল। এই নিষেধাজ্ঞাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন কৰা, অস্ত্ৰ আৰু বিত্তীয় লেনদেনত বাধা আৰোপ কৰা, আৰু শাসন ব্যৱস্থা বিৰোধী প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ব্যাপক আৰু পদ্ধতিগত মানৱ অধিকাৰ উলংঘাৰ বাবে কানাডাত প্ৰৱেশৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক অযোগ্য বুলি বিবেচিত কৰা হয়। । <ref>{{Cite web |last1=Earle |first1=Dickinson Wright-L. Jemark |last2=Poliwoda |first2=Dan |last3=Hulton |first3=Wendy G. |date=6 October 2022 |title=Canada Sanctions Iranian Officials for 'Systematic Human Rights Violations' |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=cacffd19-9745-443c-b25a-2345ea0c7abf |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]– ২০২১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত আমেৰিকাৰ ট্ৰেজাৰীয়ে এক্সিকিউটিভ অৰ্ডাৰ ১৩৫৫৩ৰ অধীনত ছলেইমানিক বিশেষভাৱে নিৰ্দিষ্ট নেচনেল (এছডিএন) তালিকাত যোগ কৰে। ফলত আমেৰিকাৰ অধীনস্থ তেওঁৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি নিশ্চিহ্ন হৈ পৰে আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিকসকলে তেওঁৰ সৈতে কোনো ধৰণৰ লেনদেন কৰাত নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. imposes sanctions on people in Iran, Syria and Uganda, citing rights abuses |work=Reuters |date=7 December 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us-imposes-sanctions-people-iran-syria-uganda-citing-rights-abuses-2021-12-07/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Magnitsky Designation; Iran-related Designations; Syria Designations; CAATSA – Iran-related Designations|url=https://home.treasury.gov/policy-issues/financial-sanctions/recent-actions/20211207|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Treasury Targets Repression and the Undermining of Democracy|url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517|access-date=23 December 2021|website=U.S. Department of the Treasury|language=en}}</ref> ইউৰোপীয়ান ইউনিয়ন– ইউৰোপীয় ইউনিয়নেও একেই নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite news|last=Emmott|first=Robin|date=12 April 2021|title=EU sanctions elite Iran commander, seven others over 2019 protests|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/eu-sanctions-iran-militia-police-three-prisons-over-2019-protests-2021-04-12/|access-date=23 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EU sanctions Iranian security officials over 2019 protest crackdown |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-eu-sanctions-irgc-commanders-crackdown-protests-2019 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}</ref> == হত্যাকাণ্ড == ২০২৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ইজৰাইল প্ৰতিৰক্ষা বাহিনীয়ে (IDF) ঘোষণা কৰে যে নিৰ্দিষ্ট চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত মধ্য তেহৰাণত লক্ষ্য কৰি বিমান আক্ৰমণত ছলেমানী নিহত হয়। আইডিএফৰ মতে, স্থানীয় বাসিন্দাসকলে প্ৰদান কৰা চোৰাংচোৱাৰ ভিত্তিত এই আক্ৰমণ সংঘটিত হৈছে; এই আক্ৰমণত ছলেইমানী আৰু তেওঁৰ ডেপুটি ছায়েদ কাচেম কাৰেছি লুকাই থকা বনাঞ্চলৰ এটা তম্বুক লক্ষ্য কৰি লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু দুয়োকে নিহত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 March 2026 |first1=Yonah Jeremy |last1=Bob |first2=Amichai |last2=Stein |title=IDF kills Iran's Ali Larijani, Basij commander in largest targeted strikes since Khamenei |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-890225 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Dov |last1=Lieber |first2=Benoit |last2=Faucon |first3=Shayndi |last3=Raice |date=17 March 2026 |title=Israel Is Hunting Down Iranian Regime Members in Their Hideouts, One by One |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-iran-leadership-528c6114 |access-date=18 March 2026 |work=The Wall Street Journal |url-access=subscription}}</ref> পিছত ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমেও ছলেমানীৰ মৃত্যু নিশ্চিত কৰে। == টোকা == {{notelist}} ==তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} {{S-start}} {{Succession box |before=ঘোলামহোছেইন ঘেবপৰভাৰ |title=Head of [[Basij|Basij Organization]]|years=2019–2026|after=Position vacant}} {{S-end}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{commons category-inline|Gholamreza Soleimani}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Soleimani, Gholamreza}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সেনা বিষয়া]] sjw1nq38ones96piufex5fsltbsbr1m 6 137051 608697 2026-05-25T18:05:17Z JyotiPN 22102 সৃষ্টিকৰ্তা:অজ্ঞাত উৎস: ইণ্টাৰনেট ইউআৰএল:https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-eco-tourism-pioneer-achintya-barua-passes-away-at-74-1393903-2026-05-18 ভাল ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে যুক্তি: প্ৰৱন্ধৰ সৈতে পৰিচয়জ্ঞাপক ৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হ'ব। 608697 wikitext text/x-wiki == সাৰাংশ == সৃষ্টিকৰ্তা:অজ্ঞাত উৎস: ইণ্টাৰনেট ইউআৰএল:https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-eco-tourism-pioneer-achintya-barua-passes-away-at-74-1393903-2026-05-18 ভাল ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে যুক্তি: প্ৰৱন্ধৰ সৈতে পৰিচয়জ্ঞাপক ৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হ'ব। == অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ == {{Non-free historic image}} crxkjw519976fja9dd7phwiwfmi08vg 0 137052 608714 2026-05-25T19:26:02Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Short description|Iranian diplomat}} [[File:Abdollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]] '''আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Sayyed Abdullah Entezam}})''' আছিল ইৰাণৰ এজন কূটনীতিবিদ। ‘বিনেশ আলী’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত ছায়েদ মহম্মদৰ পুত্ৰ; তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ... 608714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian diplomat}} [[File:Abdollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]] '''আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Sayyed Abdullah Entezam}})''' আছিল ইৰাণৰ এজন কূটনীতিবিদ। ‘বিনেশ আলী’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত ছায়েদ মহম্মদৰ পুত্ৰ; তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফি আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰৰ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃও এজন কূটনীতিবিদ আছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হাম হৰন ছৌদি আৰৱত আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত আছিল। এনচাইক্লপিডিয়া ইৰানিকাৰ মতে ১৮৯৫ চনত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name="Zonis">The Political Elite of Iran Princeton, Marvin Zonis, Princeton University Press, 1971</ref> তেওঁ তেহৰাণত জাৰ্মান টেকনিকেল স্কুল, দাৰ উল-ফুনুন আৰু স্কুল অৱ পলিটিকেল ছায়েন্সত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত ১৯১৯ চনত তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা ইৰাণৰ দূতাবাসত সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। আমেৰিকাত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ মেকানিকেল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু মাৰ্গাৰেট ৰবিনছন হিউম নামৰ এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান মহিলাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল আৰু তাৰ পিছত তেওঁৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ এজন পুত্ৰ হিউম হ’ৰান আছিল, যি পিছলৈ আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰিছিল আৰু এজন আগশাৰীৰ আৰববাদী হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৯৫৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত তেওঁ আলিকোলি আনছাৰী মোছাৱেৰ-আল-মামালেকৰ নাতিনী ফাৰাহ আনছাৰীক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ==কেৰিয়াৰ: কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ== আব্বাছ মিলানীয়ে তেওঁৰ ''এমিনেণ্ট পাৰ্চিয়ান'' গ্ৰন্থখনত লিখিছে: "কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ দুয়োটা আব্দুল্লাৰ চৰিত্ৰ আৰু কেৰিয়াৰৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ হৈ পৰিল।"<ref>{{cite book |title=Eminent Persians: the men and women who made modern Iran, 1941 ..., Volume 2 |first=Abbas |last= Milani |date=19 December 2008 |authorlink= Abbas Milani |page= 130 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn= 978-0815609070}}</ref> কৰ্মজীৱন একাদিকমে... #১৯২৭ চনত [[ফ্ৰান্স]]ত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত, #১৯৩৩ চনত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘৰ সন্মুখত দাখিল কৰিছিল, #পশ্চিম জাৰ্মানীত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত #মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহৰ অধীনত বিত্তমন্ত্ৰী, তেতিয়াৰ বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী ১৯৫৩-৫৬, #ব্ৰিটেইনৰ সৈতে কূটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক পুনৰ আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ বাবে আলোচনা আৰু মোছাডেগৰ পিছত তেলৰ চুক্তি #পৰিচালনা সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু এন আই অ’ চি (নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানী)ৰ পৰিচালন সঞ্চালক ১৯৫৭-৬৩। #১৯৬৩ চনৰ ইৰানত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ পিছত শ্বাহে বৰ্খাস্ত কৰে, সংস্কাৰৰ গতি লেহেমীয়া কৰিব লাগে বুলি পৰামৰ্শ দিয়াৰ বাবে। মাৰ্ভিন জোনিছে তেওঁৰ ''দ্য পলিটিকেল এলাইট অৱ ইৰান''<ref name="Zonis"/> গ্ৰন্থত লিখিছে যে ১৯৬৩ চনৰ জুন মাহত আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰী হুছেইন আলাই নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদৰ পৰিষদ আহ্বান কৰিছিল। উদ্দেশ্য আছিল শ্বাহক ক্ৰমাৎ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰা যে খোমেইনীৰ গ্ৰেপ্তাৰৰ প্ৰতিবাদত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ প্ৰতি সেনাই অত্যধিক কঠোৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। এই বিক্ষোভ শান্তিপূৰ্ণ আছিল যদিও ইৰাণী সৈন্যই ৰাইজৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰি কিছু লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলৰ এই পৰিষদত আছিল স্বয়ং আলা, আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম, জেনেৰেল মৰ্টেজা ইয়াজদানপানাহ, আৰু চৰ্দাৰ ফাখেৰ হেকমত। এই চাৰিজন বিষয়াই যেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ আগত নিজৰ উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ ক্ষোভ অতিশয় ক্ষুব্ধ হোৱা বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে। আলাক আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰ পৰা অপসাৰণ কৰা হ’ল; যজদানপানাহক পৰিদৰ্শকৰ পৰা আঁতৰাই দিয়া হ’ল; সংসদীয় নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰচাৰত হেকমাটক বাধা দিয়া হৈছিল; আৰু এণ্টেজামক নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানীটোৰ পৰা অৱসৰ দি ঘৰলৈ পঠিওৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে লোহাৰ কামৰ কৰ্মশালা খুলিছিল, পৰৱৰ্তী ১৫ বছৰলৈকে জীৱিকা উপাৰ্জন কৰিছিল। ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁৰ ভুল উপলব্ধি কৰি শ্বাহে তেওঁক প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদ গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ অনুৰোধ কৰিছিল যদিও বহু দেৰি হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ সূচনা হৈছিল। এতিয়া অস্থিৰ হৈ পৰা তেল কোম্পানীটোত উষ্ম আদৰণি জনোৱাৰ পিছতো এণ্টেজামে ধৰ্মঘটকাৰী তেল শ্ৰমিকসকলক শান্ত কৰিবলৈ একো কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে। <ref name="secret">Mahmoud Toloie in Raz e Bozorg (the Big Secret) p.944</ref> তেওঁ শ্বাহক দেশত থাকিবলৈ আৰু পশ্চিমলৈ পলায়ন নকৰিবলৈ পৰামৰ্শ দিয়ে। আকৌ এবাৰ তেওঁৰ পৰামৰ্শক আওকাণ কৰা হ’ল। == চুফীবাদ == পিতৃৰ মৃত্যুৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফী আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী হয়। ১৯৭৭ চনত এণ্টেজামে "ৰহস্যবাদ আৰু চুফীবাদৰ ওপৰত এক নতুন দৃষ্টিভংগী" (নাজাৰী তা'আজেহ বি ইৰফান ৱা তাছাৱুফ) শীৰ্ষক ৰচনা ৰচনা কৰে। তেওঁ "মই নাজানো" (লা আদাৰী) ছদ্মনাম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল আৰু এই ৰচনাবোৰত এজন চুফী মাষ্টৰৰ সৈতে হোৱা প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ অধিবেশনৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত ১৯৮৪ চনত ৱাহিদ পাব্লিচাৰ্ছে "আব্দুল্লাহ আজাদেহ" ছদ্মনামেৰে এই ৰচনাসমূহ পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.noormags.com/view/fa/ArticlePage/182834|title = نظری تازه به عرفان و تصوف|journal = وحید|date = 15 October 1355|volume = 158|issue = 4|pages = 683–689}}</ref> ==জীৱনৰ অন্ত== ১৯৭৮ চনত ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ৮৬ বছৰীয়া এণ্টেজামক শ্বাহে প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিছিল; অৱশ্যে স্বাস্থ্যজনিত কাৰণত তেওঁ এই প্ৰস্তাৱ নাকচ কৰা বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/1978/12/16/voting-with-their-stamping-feet|title = Voting with their stamping feet|newspaper = The Economist|date = 16 December 1978}}</ref> কিছুমান সূত্ৰই দাবী কৰে যে তেওঁক নতুন ইছলামিক শাসনে কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰি ৰাখিছিল আৰু ১৯৮৩ চনৰ বসন্ত কালত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কিছু সময়ৰ আগতে তেওঁক মুকলি কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল। ছাৰ ডেনিছ ৰাইটে লিখা তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু বাৰ্তাখন ১৯৮৩ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত ''দ্য টাইমছ''ত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল।ইয়াত ৰাইটে এইদৰে কৈছিল: "দুৰ্নীতিৰ পৰা সম্পূৰ্ণ মুক্ত, তেওঁ আছিল—তেওঁক ভালদৰে চিনি পোৱা এজন ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূতৰ ভাষাত—'এজন মনোমোহা, ব্যতিক্ৰমী ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন এজন মনোমোহা, সৌজন্যশীল ব্যক্তি'... তেওঁ উৎকৃষ্ট ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষা কয়... তেওঁ উচ্চ সমাজ আৰু... তথাপিও তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্বৰ বাবে এক উল্লেখযোগ্য ক্ষমতা আছিল আৰু তেওঁক চিনি পোৱা সকলোৱে তেওঁক অতিশয় সন্মান কৰিছিল যদিহে শ্বাহে আব্দুল্লাৰ দৰে মানুহৰ পৰামৰ্শক গুৰুত্ব দিলেহেঁতেন আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰতিভাক সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলেহেঁতেন, তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও নিজৰ সিংহাসন হেৰুৱাব নালাগিলহেঁতেন।" <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928111917/http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Commons-inline}} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=VsCJK-c87oQC&dq=the+persian+sphinx&pg=PR14 The Persian sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the riddle of the Iranian ... By Abbas Milani] *[http://www.iranian.com/main/2010/nov/tehran-1960 iranian.com], contains an ITN film by Tim Brinton and interview with Entezam *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam iranicaonline.org] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&dq=Abdollah+Entezam&pg=PA197 ''The Life and Times of the Shah'' by Gholam Reza Afkham] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045040/http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/nt/db.cgi?db=ig;mh=12;do=search_results;sb=Notes;Cat=Delegations&nh=4 The Political Elite of Iran (Princeton University Press), 1971] * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Abdollah}} 8g9rw4uqpg0cwvk8euhcmf65x2gyl2c 608715 608714 2026-05-25T19:26:49Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 পৃষ্ঠা [[আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]]ৰ পৰা [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম]]লৈ নৰুনা বৰুৱায়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে 608714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian diplomat}} [[File:Abdollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]] '''আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Sayyed Abdullah Entezam}})''' আছিল ইৰাণৰ এজন কূটনীতিবিদ। ‘বিনেশ আলী’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত ছায়েদ মহম্মদৰ পুত্ৰ; তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফি আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰৰ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃও এজন কূটনীতিবিদ আছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হাম হৰন ছৌদি আৰৱত আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত আছিল। এনচাইক্লপিডিয়া ইৰানিকাৰ মতে ১৮৯৫ চনত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name="Zonis">The Political Elite of Iran Princeton, Marvin Zonis, Princeton University Press, 1971</ref> তেওঁ তেহৰাণত জাৰ্মান টেকনিকেল স্কুল, দাৰ উল-ফুনুন আৰু স্কুল অৱ পলিটিকেল ছায়েন্সত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত ১৯১৯ চনত তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা ইৰাণৰ দূতাবাসত সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। আমেৰিকাত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ মেকানিকেল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু মাৰ্গাৰেট ৰবিনছন হিউম নামৰ এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান মহিলাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল আৰু তাৰ পিছত তেওঁৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ এজন পুত্ৰ হিউম হ’ৰান আছিল, যি পিছলৈ আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰিছিল আৰু এজন আগশাৰীৰ আৰববাদী হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৯৫৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত তেওঁ আলিকোলি আনছাৰী মোছাৱেৰ-আল-মামালেকৰ নাতিনী ফাৰাহ আনছাৰীক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ==কেৰিয়াৰ: কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ== আব্বাছ মিলানীয়ে তেওঁৰ ''এমিনেণ্ট পাৰ্চিয়ান'' গ্ৰন্থখনত লিখিছে: "কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ দুয়োটা আব্দুল্লাৰ চৰিত্ৰ আৰু কেৰিয়াৰৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ হৈ পৰিল।"<ref>{{cite book |title=Eminent Persians: the men and women who made modern Iran, 1941 ..., Volume 2 |first=Abbas |last= Milani |date=19 December 2008 |authorlink= Abbas Milani |page= 130 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn= 978-0815609070}}</ref> কৰ্মজীৱন একাদিকমে... #১৯২৭ চনত [[ফ্ৰান্স]]ত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত, #১৯৩৩ চনত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘৰ সন্মুখত দাখিল কৰিছিল, #পশ্চিম জাৰ্মানীত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত #মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহৰ অধীনত বিত্তমন্ত্ৰী, তেতিয়াৰ বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী ১৯৫৩-৫৬, #ব্ৰিটেইনৰ সৈতে কূটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক পুনৰ আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ বাবে আলোচনা আৰু মোছাডেগৰ পিছত তেলৰ চুক্তি #পৰিচালনা সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু এন আই অ’ চি (নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানী)ৰ পৰিচালন সঞ্চালক ১৯৫৭-৬৩। #১৯৬৩ চনৰ ইৰানত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ পিছত শ্বাহে বৰ্খাস্ত কৰে, সংস্কাৰৰ গতি লেহেমীয়া কৰিব লাগে বুলি পৰামৰ্শ দিয়াৰ বাবে। মাৰ্ভিন জোনিছে তেওঁৰ ''দ্য পলিটিকেল এলাইট অৱ ইৰান''<ref name="Zonis"/> গ্ৰন্থত লিখিছে যে ১৯৬৩ চনৰ জুন মাহত আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰী হুছেইন আলাই নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদৰ পৰিষদ আহ্বান কৰিছিল। উদ্দেশ্য আছিল শ্বাহক ক্ৰমাৎ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰা যে খোমেইনীৰ গ্ৰেপ্তাৰৰ প্ৰতিবাদত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ প্ৰতি সেনাই অত্যধিক কঠোৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। এই বিক্ষোভ শান্তিপূৰ্ণ আছিল যদিও ইৰাণী সৈন্যই ৰাইজৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰি কিছু লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলৰ এই পৰিষদত আছিল স্বয়ং আলা, আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম, জেনেৰেল মৰ্টেজা ইয়াজদানপানাহ, আৰু চৰ্দাৰ ফাখেৰ হেকমত। এই চাৰিজন বিষয়াই যেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ আগত নিজৰ উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ ক্ষোভ অতিশয় ক্ষুব্ধ হোৱা বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে। আলাক আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰ পৰা অপসাৰণ কৰা হ’ল; যজদানপানাহক পৰিদৰ্শকৰ পৰা আঁতৰাই দিয়া হ’ল; সংসদীয় নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰচাৰত হেকমাটক বাধা দিয়া হৈছিল; আৰু এণ্টেজামক নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানীটোৰ পৰা অৱসৰ দি ঘৰলৈ পঠিওৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে লোহাৰ কামৰ কৰ্মশালা খুলিছিল, পৰৱৰ্তী ১৫ বছৰলৈকে জীৱিকা উপাৰ্জন কৰিছিল। ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁৰ ভুল উপলব্ধি কৰি শ্বাহে তেওঁক প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদ গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ অনুৰোধ কৰিছিল যদিও বহু দেৰি হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ সূচনা হৈছিল। এতিয়া অস্থিৰ হৈ পৰা তেল কোম্পানীটোত উষ্ম আদৰণি জনোৱাৰ পিছতো এণ্টেজামে ধৰ্মঘটকাৰী তেল শ্ৰমিকসকলক শান্ত কৰিবলৈ একো কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে। <ref name="secret">Mahmoud Toloie in Raz e Bozorg (the Big Secret) p.944</ref> তেওঁ শ্বাহক দেশত থাকিবলৈ আৰু পশ্চিমলৈ পলায়ন নকৰিবলৈ পৰামৰ্শ দিয়ে। আকৌ এবাৰ তেওঁৰ পৰামৰ্শক আওকাণ কৰা হ’ল। == চুফীবাদ == পিতৃৰ মৃত্যুৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফী আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী হয়। ১৯৭৭ চনত এণ্টেজামে "ৰহস্যবাদ আৰু চুফীবাদৰ ওপৰত এক নতুন দৃষ্টিভংগী" (নাজাৰী তা'আজেহ বি ইৰফান ৱা তাছাৱুফ) শীৰ্ষক ৰচনা ৰচনা কৰে। তেওঁ "মই নাজানো" (লা আদাৰী) ছদ্মনাম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল আৰু এই ৰচনাবোৰত এজন চুফী মাষ্টৰৰ সৈতে হোৱা প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ অধিবেশনৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত ১৯৮৪ চনত ৱাহিদ পাব্লিচাৰ্ছে "আব্দুল্লাহ আজাদেহ" ছদ্মনামেৰে এই ৰচনাসমূহ পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.noormags.com/view/fa/ArticlePage/182834|title = نظری تازه به عرفان و تصوف|journal = وحید|date = 15 October 1355|volume = 158|issue = 4|pages = 683–689}}</ref> ==জীৱনৰ অন্ত== ১৯৭৮ চনত ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ৮৬ বছৰীয়া এণ্টেজামক শ্বাহে প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিছিল; অৱশ্যে স্বাস্থ্যজনিত কাৰণত তেওঁ এই প্ৰস্তাৱ নাকচ কৰা বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/1978/12/16/voting-with-their-stamping-feet|title = Voting with their stamping feet|newspaper = The Economist|date = 16 December 1978}}</ref> কিছুমান সূত্ৰই দাবী কৰে যে তেওঁক নতুন ইছলামিক শাসনে কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰি ৰাখিছিল আৰু ১৯৮৩ চনৰ বসন্ত কালত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কিছু সময়ৰ আগতে তেওঁক মুকলি কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল। ছাৰ ডেনিছ ৰাইটে লিখা তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু বাৰ্তাখন ১৯৮৩ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত ''দ্য টাইমছ''ত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল।ইয়াত ৰাইটে এইদৰে কৈছিল: "দুৰ্নীতিৰ পৰা সম্পূৰ্ণ মুক্ত, তেওঁ আছিল—তেওঁক ভালদৰে চিনি পোৱা এজন ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূতৰ ভাষাত—'এজন মনোমোহা, ব্যতিক্ৰমী ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন এজন মনোমোহা, সৌজন্যশীল ব্যক্তি'... তেওঁ উৎকৃষ্ট ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষা কয়... তেওঁ উচ্চ সমাজ আৰু... তথাপিও তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্বৰ বাবে এক উল্লেখযোগ্য ক্ষমতা আছিল আৰু তেওঁক চিনি পোৱা সকলোৱে তেওঁক অতিশয় সন্মান কৰিছিল যদিহে শ্বাহে আব্দুল্লাৰ দৰে মানুহৰ পৰামৰ্শক গুৰুত্ব দিলেহেঁতেন আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰতিভাক সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলেহেঁতেন, তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও নিজৰ সিংহাসন হেৰুৱাব নালাগিলহেঁতেন।" <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928111917/http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Commons-inline}} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=VsCJK-c87oQC&dq=the+persian+sphinx&pg=PR14 The Persian sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the riddle of the Iranian ... By Abbas Milani] *[http://www.iranian.com/main/2010/nov/tehran-1960 iranian.com], contains an ITN film by Tim Brinton and interview with Entezam *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam iranicaonline.org] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&dq=Abdollah+Entezam&pg=PA197 ''The Life and Times of the Shah'' by Gholam Reza Afkham] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045040/http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/nt/db.cgi?db=ig;mh=12;do=search_results;sb=Notes;Cat=Delegations&nh=4 The Political Elite of Iran (Princeton University Press), 1971] * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Abdollah}} 8g9rw4uqpg0cwvk8euhcmf65x2gyl2c 608717 608715 2026-05-25T19:27:59Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian diplomat}} [[File:Abdollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]] '''আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Sayyed Abdullah Entezam}})''' আছিল ইৰাণৰ এজন কূটনীতিবিদ। ‘বিনেশ আলী’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত ছায়েদ মহম্মদৰ পুত্ৰ; তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফি আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰৰ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃও এজন কূটনীতিবিদ আছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হাম হৰন ছৌদি আৰৱত আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত আছিল। এনচাইক্লপিডিয়া ইৰানিকাৰ মতে ১৮৯৫ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name="Zonis">The Political Elite of Iran Princeton, Marvin Zonis, Princeton University Press, 1971</ref> তেওঁ তেহৰাণত জাৰ্মান টেকনিকেল স্কুল, দাৰ উল-ফুনুন আৰু স্কুল অৱ পলিটিকেল ছায়েন্সত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত ১৯১৯ চনত তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা ইৰাণৰ দূতাবাসত সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। আমেৰিকাত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ মেকানিকেল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু মাৰ্গাৰেট ৰবিনছন হিউম নামৰ এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান মহিলাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল আৰু তাৰ পিছত তেওঁৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ এজন পুত্ৰ হিউম হ’ৰান আছিল, যি পিছলৈ আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰিছিল আৰু এজন আগশাৰীৰ আৰববাদী হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৯৫৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত তেওঁ আলিকোলি আনছাৰী মোছাৱেৰ-আল-মামালেকৰ নাতিনী ফাৰাহ আনছাৰীক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ==কেৰিয়াৰ: কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ== আব্বাছ মিলানীয়ে তেওঁৰ ''এমিনেণ্ট পাৰ্চিয়ান'' গ্ৰন্থখনত লিখিছে: "কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ দুয়োটা আব্দুল্লাৰ চৰিত্ৰ আৰু কেৰিয়াৰৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ হৈ পৰিল।" <ref>{{cite book |title=Eminent Persians: the men and women who made modern Iran, 1941 ..., Volume 2 |first=Abbas |last= Milani |date=19 December 2008 |authorlink= Abbas Milani |page= 130 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn= 978-0815609070}}</ref> কৰ্মজীৱন একাদিকমে... #১৯২৭ চনত [[ফ্ৰান্স]]ত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত, #১৯৩৩ চনত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ [[জাতিসংঘ]]ৰ সন্মুখত দাখিল কৰিছিল, #পশ্চিম [[জাৰ্মানী]]ত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত #মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহৰ অধীনত বিত্তমন্ত্ৰী, তেতিয়াৰ বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী ১৯৫৩-৫৬, #ব্ৰিটেইনৰ সৈতে কূটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক পুনৰ আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ বাবে আলোচনা আৰু মোছাডেগৰ পিছত তেলৰ চুক্তি #পৰিচালনা সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু এন আই অ’ চি (নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানী)ৰ পৰিচালন সঞ্চালক ১৯৫৭-৬৩। #১৯৬৩ চনৰ ইৰানত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ পিছত শ্বাহে বৰ্খাস্ত কৰে, সংস্কাৰৰ গতি লেহেমীয়া কৰিব লাগে বুলি পৰামৰ্শ দিয়াৰ বাবে। মাৰ্ভিন জোনিছে তেওঁৰ ''দ্য পলিটিকেল এলাইট অৱ ইৰান''<ref name="Zonis"/> গ্ৰন্থত লিখিছে যে ১৯৬৩ চনৰ জুন মাহত আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰী হুছেইন আলাই নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদৰ পৰিষদ আহ্বান কৰিছিল। উদ্দেশ্য আছিল শ্বাহক ক্ৰমাৎ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰা যে খোমেইনীৰ গ্ৰেপ্তাৰৰ প্ৰতিবাদত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ প্ৰতি সেনাই অত্যধিক কঠোৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। এই বিক্ষোভ শান্তিপূৰ্ণ আছিল যদিও ইৰাণী সৈন্যই ৰাইজৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰি কিছু লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলৰ এই পৰিষদত আছিল স্বয়ং আলা, আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম, জেনেৰেল মৰ্টেজা ইয়াজদানপানাহ, আৰু চৰ্দাৰ ফাখেৰ হেকমত। এই চাৰিজন বিষয়াই যেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ আগত নিজৰ উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ ক্ষোভ অতিশয় ক্ষুব্ধ হোৱা বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে। আলাক আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰপৰা অপসাৰণ কৰা হ’ল; যজদানপানাহক পৰিদৰ্শকৰপৰা আঁতৰাই দিয়া হ’ল; সংসদীয় নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰচাৰত হেকমাটক বাধা দিয়া হৈছিল; আৰু এণ্টেজামক নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানীটোৰপৰা অৱসৰ দি ঘৰলৈ পঠিওৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে লোহাৰ কামৰ কৰ্মশালা খুলিছিল, পৰৱৰ্তী ১৫ বছৰলৈকে জীৱিকা উপাৰ্জন কৰিছিল। ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁৰ ভুল উপলব্ধি কৰি শ্বাহে তেওঁক প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদ গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ অনুৰোধ কৰিছিল যদিও বহু দেৰি হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ সূচনা হৈছিল। এতিয়া অস্থিৰ হৈ পৰা তেল কোম্পানীটোত উষ্ম আদৰণি জনোৱাৰ পিছতো এণ্টেজামে ধৰ্মঘটকাৰী তেল শ্ৰমিকসকলক শান্ত কৰিবলৈ একো কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে। <ref name="secret">Mahmoud Toloie in Raz e Bozorg (the Big Secret) p.944</ref> তেওঁ শ্বাহক দেশত থাকিবলৈ আৰু পশ্চিমলৈ পলায়ন নকৰিবলৈ পৰামৰ্শ দিয়ে। আকৌ এবাৰ তেওঁৰ পৰামৰ্শক আওকাণ কৰা হ’ল। == চুফীবাদ == পিতৃৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফী আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী হয়। ১৯৭৭ চনত এণ্টেজামে "ৰহস্যবাদ আৰু চুফীবাদৰ ওপৰত এক নতুন দৃষ্টিভংগী" (নাজাৰী তা'আজেহ বি ইৰফান ৱা তাছাৱুফ) শীৰ্ষক ৰচনা ৰচনা কৰে। তেওঁ "মই নাজানো" (লা আদাৰী) ছদ্মনাম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল আৰু এই ৰচনাবোৰত এজন চুফী মাষ্টৰৰ সৈতে হোৱা প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ অধিৱেশনৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত ১৯৮৪ চনত ৱাহিদ পাব্লিচাৰ্ছে "আব্দুল্লাহ আজাদেহ" ছদ্মনামেৰে এই ৰচনাসমূহ পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.noormags.com/view/fa/ArticlePage/182834|title = نظری تازه به عرفان و تصوف|journal = وحید|date = 15 October 1355|volume = 158|issue = 4|pages = 683–689}}</ref> ==জীৱনৰ অন্ত== ১৯৭৮ চনত ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ৮৬বছৰীয়া এণ্টেজামক শ্বাহে প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিছিল; অৱশ্যে স্বাস্থ্যজনিত কাৰণত তেওঁ এই প্ৰস্তাৱ নাকচ কৰা বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/1978/12/16/voting-with-their-stamping-feet|title = Voting with their stamping feet|newspaper = The Economist|date = 16 December 1978}}</ref> কিছুমান সূত্ৰই দাবী কৰে যে তেওঁক নতুন ইছলামিক শাসনে কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰি ৰাখিছিল আৰু ১৯৮৩ চনৰ বসন্ত কালত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কিছুসময়ৰ আগতে তেওঁক মুকলি কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল। ছাৰ ডেনিছ ৰাইটে লিখা তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু বাৰ্তাখন ১৯৮৩ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত ''দ্য টাইমছ''ত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল। ইয়াত ৰাইটে এইদৰে কৈছিল: "দুৰ্নীতিৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণ মুক্ত, তেওঁ আছিল—তেওঁক ভালদৰে চিনি পোৱা এজন ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূতৰ ভাষাত—'এজন মনোমোহা, ব্যতিক্ৰমী ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন এজন মনোমোহা, সৌজন্যশীল ব্যক্তি'... তেওঁ উৎকৃষ্ট ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষা কয়... তেওঁ উচ্চ সমাজ আৰু... তথাপি তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্বৰ বাবে এক উল্লেখযোগ্য ক্ষমতা আছিল আৰু তেওঁক চিনি পোৱা সকলোৱে তেওঁক অতিশয় সন্মান কৰিছিল যদিহে শ্বাহে আব্দুল্লাৰ দৰে মানুহৰ পৰামৰ্শক গুৰুত্ব দিলেহেঁতেন আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰতিভাক সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলেহেঁতেন, তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও নিজৰ সিংহাসন হেৰুৱাব নালাগিলহেঁতেন।" <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928111917/http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Commons-inline}} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=VsCJK-c87oQC&dq=the+persian+sphinx&pg=PR14 The Persian sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the riddle of the Iranian ... By Abbas Milani] *[http://www.iranian.com/main/2010/nov/tehran-1960 iranian.com], contains an ITN film by Tim Brinton and interview with Entezam *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam iranicaonline.org] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&dq=Abdollah+Entezam&pg=PA197 ''The Life and Times of the Shah'' by Gholam Reza Afkham] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045040/http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/nt/db.cgi?db=ig; mh=12; do=search_results; sb=Notes; Cat=Delegations&nh=4 The Political Elite of Iran (Princeton University Press), 1971] * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Abdollah}} mhvtfdnx79vat1z2odeys7viysytnu7 608718 608717 2026-05-25T19:29:04Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:কূটনীতিবিদ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian diplomat}} [[File:Abdollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]] '''আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Sayyed Abdullah Entezam}})''' আছিল ইৰাণৰ এজন কূটনীতিবিদ। ‘বিনেশ আলী’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত ছায়েদ মহম্মদৰ পুত্ৰ; তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফি আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰৰ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃও এজন কূটনীতিবিদ আছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হাম হৰন ছৌদি আৰৱত আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত আছিল। এনচাইক্লপিডিয়া ইৰানিকাৰ মতে ১৮৯৫ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name="Zonis">The Political Elite of Iran Princeton, Marvin Zonis, Princeton University Press, 1971</ref> তেওঁ তেহৰাণত জাৰ্মান টেকনিকেল স্কুল, দাৰ উল-ফুনুন আৰু স্কুল অৱ পলিটিকেল ছায়েন্সত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত ১৯১৯ চনত তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা ইৰাণৰ দূতাবাসত সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। আমেৰিকাত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ মেকানিকেল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু মাৰ্গাৰেট ৰবিনছন হিউম নামৰ এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান মহিলাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল আৰু তাৰ পিছত তেওঁৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ এজন পুত্ৰ হিউম হ’ৰান আছিল, যি পিছলৈ আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰিছিল আৰু এজন আগশাৰীৰ আৰববাদী হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৯৫৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত তেওঁ আলিকোলি আনছাৰী মোছাৱেৰ-আল-মামালেকৰ নাতিনী ফাৰাহ আনছাৰীক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ==কেৰিয়াৰ: কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ== আব্বাছ মিলানীয়ে তেওঁৰ ''এমিনেণ্ট পাৰ্চিয়ান'' গ্ৰন্থখনত লিখিছে: "কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ দুয়োটা আব্দুল্লাৰ চৰিত্ৰ আৰু কেৰিয়াৰৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ হৈ পৰিল।" <ref>{{cite book |title=Eminent Persians: the men and women who made modern Iran, 1941 ..., Volume 2 |first=Abbas |last= Milani |date=19 December 2008 |authorlink= Abbas Milani |page= 130 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn= 978-0815609070}}</ref> কৰ্মজীৱন একাদিকমে... #১৯২৭ চনত [[ফ্ৰান্স]]ত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত, #১৯৩৩ চনত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ [[জাতিসংঘ]]ৰ সন্মুখত দাখিল কৰিছিল, #পশ্চিম [[জাৰ্মানী]]ত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত #মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহৰ অধীনত বিত্তমন্ত্ৰী, তেতিয়াৰ বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী ১৯৫৩-৫৬, #ব্ৰিটেইনৰ সৈতে কূটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক পুনৰ আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ বাবে আলোচনা আৰু মোছাডেগৰ পিছত তেলৰ চুক্তি #পৰিচালনা সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু এন আই অ’ চি (নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানী)ৰ পৰিচালন সঞ্চালক ১৯৫৭-৬৩। #১৯৬৩ চনৰ ইৰানত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ পিছত শ্বাহে বৰ্খাস্ত কৰে, সংস্কাৰৰ গতি লেহেমীয়া কৰিব লাগে বুলি পৰামৰ্শ দিয়াৰ বাবে। মাৰ্ভিন জোনিছে তেওঁৰ ''দ্য পলিটিকেল এলাইট অৱ ইৰান''<ref name="Zonis"/> গ্ৰন্থত লিখিছে যে ১৯৬৩ চনৰ জুন মাহত আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰী হুছেইন আলাই নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদৰ পৰিষদ আহ্বান কৰিছিল। উদ্দেশ্য আছিল শ্বাহক ক্ৰমাৎ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰা যে খোমেইনীৰ গ্ৰেপ্তাৰৰ প্ৰতিবাদত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ প্ৰতি সেনাই অত্যধিক কঠোৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। এই বিক্ষোভ শান্তিপূৰ্ণ আছিল যদিও ইৰাণী সৈন্যই ৰাইজৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰি কিছু লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলৰ এই পৰিষদত আছিল স্বয়ং আলা, আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম, জেনেৰেল মৰ্টেজা ইয়াজদানপানাহ, আৰু চৰ্দাৰ ফাখেৰ হেকমত। এই চাৰিজন বিষয়াই যেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ আগত নিজৰ উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ ক্ষোভ অতিশয় ক্ষুব্ধ হোৱা বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে। আলাক আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰপৰা অপসাৰণ কৰা হ’ল; যজদানপানাহক পৰিদৰ্শকৰপৰা আঁতৰাই দিয়া হ’ল; সংসদীয় নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰচাৰত হেকমাটক বাধা দিয়া হৈছিল; আৰু এণ্টেজামক নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানীটোৰপৰা অৱসৰ দি ঘৰলৈ পঠিওৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে লোহাৰ কামৰ কৰ্মশালা খুলিছিল, পৰৱৰ্তী ১৫ বছৰলৈকে জীৱিকা উপাৰ্জন কৰিছিল। ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁৰ ভুল উপলব্ধি কৰি শ্বাহে তেওঁক প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদ গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ অনুৰোধ কৰিছিল যদিও বহু দেৰি হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ সূচনা হৈছিল। এতিয়া অস্থিৰ হৈ পৰা তেল কোম্পানীটোত উষ্ম আদৰণি জনোৱাৰ পিছতো এণ্টেজামে ধৰ্মঘটকাৰী তেল শ্ৰমিকসকলক শান্ত কৰিবলৈ একো কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে। <ref name="secret">Mahmoud Toloie in Raz e Bozorg (the Big Secret) p.944</ref> তেওঁ শ্বাহক দেশত থাকিবলৈ আৰু পশ্চিমলৈ পলায়ন নকৰিবলৈ পৰামৰ্শ দিয়ে। আকৌ এবাৰ তেওঁৰ পৰামৰ্শক আওকাণ কৰা হ’ল। == চুফীবাদ == পিতৃৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফী আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী হয়। ১৯৭৭ চনত এণ্টেজামে "ৰহস্যবাদ আৰু চুফীবাদৰ ওপৰত এক নতুন দৃষ্টিভংগী" (নাজাৰী তা'আজেহ বি ইৰফান ৱা তাছাৱুফ) শীৰ্ষক ৰচনা ৰচনা কৰে। তেওঁ "মই নাজানো" (লা আদাৰী) ছদ্মনাম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল আৰু এই ৰচনাবোৰত এজন চুফী মাষ্টৰৰ সৈতে হোৱা প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ অধিৱেশনৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত ১৯৮৪ চনত ৱাহিদ পাব্লিচাৰ্ছে "আব্দুল্লাহ আজাদেহ" ছদ্মনামেৰে এই ৰচনাসমূহ পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.noormags.com/view/fa/ArticlePage/182834|title = نظری تازه به عرفان و تصوف|journal = وحید|date = 15 October 1355|volume = 158|issue = 4|pages = 683–689}}</ref> ==জীৱনৰ অন্ত== ১৯৭৮ চনত ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ৮৬বছৰীয়া এণ্টেজামক শ্বাহে প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিছিল; অৱশ্যে স্বাস্থ্যজনিত কাৰণত তেওঁ এই প্ৰস্তাৱ নাকচ কৰা বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/1978/12/16/voting-with-their-stamping-feet|title = Voting with their stamping feet|newspaper = The Economist|date = 16 December 1978}}</ref> কিছুমান সূত্ৰই দাবী কৰে যে তেওঁক নতুন ইছলামিক শাসনে কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰি ৰাখিছিল আৰু ১৯৮৩ চনৰ বসন্ত কালত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কিছুসময়ৰ আগতে তেওঁক মুকলি কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল। ছাৰ ডেনিছ ৰাইটে লিখা তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু বাৰ্তাখন ১৯৮৩ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত ''দ্য টাইমছ''ত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল। ইয়াত ৰাইটে এইদৰে কৈছিল: "দুৰ্নীতিৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণ মুক্ত, তেওঁ আছিল—তেওঁক ভালদৰে চিনি পোৱা এজন ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূতৰ ভাষাত—'এজন মনোমোহা, ব্যতিক্ৰমী ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন এজন মনোমোহা, সৌজন্যশীল ব্যক্তি'... তেওঁ উৎকৃষ্ট ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষা কয়... তেওঁ উচ্চ সমাজ আৰু... তথাপি তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্বৰ বাবে এক উল্লেখযোগ্য ক্ষমতা আছিল আৰু তেওঁক চিনি পোৱা সকলোৱে তেওঁক অতিশয় সন্মান কৰিছিল যদিহে শ্বাহে আব্দুল্লাৰ দৰে মানুহৰ পৰামৰ্শক গুৰুত্ব দিলেহেঁতেন আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰতিভাক সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলেহেঁতেন, তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও নিজৰ সিংহাসন হেৰুৱাব নালাগিলহেঁতেন।" <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928111917/http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Commons-inline}} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=VsCJK-c87oQC&dq=the+persian+sphinx&pg=PR14 The Persian sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the riddle of the Iranian ... By Abbas Milani] *[http://www.iranian.com/main/2010/nov/tehran-1960 iranian.com], contains an ITN film by Tim Brinton and interview with Entezam *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam iranicaonline.org] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&dq=Abdollah+Entezam&pg=PA197 ''The Life and Times of the Shah'' by Gholam Reza Afkham] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045040/http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/nt/db.cgi?db=ig; mh=12; do=search_results; sb=Notes; Cat=Delegations&nh=4 The Political Elite of Iran (Princeton University Press), 1971] * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Abdollah}} [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] c1r697vjgazldzh8a4lpaaqtnqc6u3d 608719 608718 2026-05-25T19:29:27Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian diplomat}} [[File:Abdollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]] '''আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Sayyed Abdullah Entezam}})''' আছিল ইৰাণৰ এজন কূটনীতিবিদ। ‘বিনেশ আলী’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত ছায়েদ মহম্মদৰ পুত্ৰ; তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফি আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰৰ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃও এজন কূটনীতিবিদ আছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হাম হৰন ছৌদি আৰৱত আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত আছিল। এনচাইক্লপিডিয়া ইৰানিকাৰ মতে ১৮৯৫ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name="Zonis">The Political Elite of Iran Princeton, Marvin Zonis, Princeton University Press, 1971</ref> তেওঁ তেহৰাণত জাৰ্মান টেকনিকেল স্কুল, দাৰ উল-ফুনুন আৰু স্কুল অৱ পলিটিকেল ছায়েন্সত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত ১৯১৯ চনত তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা ইৰাণৰ দূতাবাসত সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। আমেৰিকাত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ মেকানিকেল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু মাৰ্গাৰেট ৰবিনছন হিউম নামৰ এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান মহিলাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল আৰু তাৰ পিছত তেওঁৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ এজন পুত্ৰ হিউম হ’ৰান আছিল, যি পিছলৈ আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰিছিল আৰু এজন আগশাৰীৰ আৰববাদী হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৯৫৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত তেওঁ আলিকোলি আনছাৰী মোছাৱেৰ-আল-মামালেকৰ নাতিনী ফাৰাহ আনছাৰীক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ==কেৰিয়াৰ: কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ== আব্বাছ মিলানীয়ে তেওঁৰ ''এমিনেণ্ট পাৰ্চিয়ান'' গ্ৰন্থখনত লিখিছে: "কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ দুয়োটা আব্দুল্লাৰ চৰিত্ৰ আৰু কেৰিয়াৰৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ হৈ পৰিল।" <ref>{{cite book |title=Eminent Persians: the men and women who made modern Iran, 1941 ..., Volume 2 |first=Abbas |last= Milani |date=19 December 2008 |authorlink= Abbas Milani |page= 130 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn= 978-0815609070}}</ref> কৰ্মজীৱন একাদিকমে... #১৯২৭ চনত [[ফ্ৰান্স]]ত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত, #১৯৩৩ চনত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ [[জাতিসংঘ]]ৰ সন্মুখত দাখিল কৰিছিল, #পশ্চিম [[জাৰ্মানী]]ত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত #মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহৰ অধীনত বিত্তমন্ত্ৰী, তেতিয়াৰ বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী ১৯৫৩-৫৬, #ব্ৰিটেইনৰ সৈতে কূটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক পুনৰ আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ বাবে আলোচনা আৰু মোছাডেগৰ পিছত তেলৰ চুক্তি #পৰিচালনা সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু এন আই অ’ চি (নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানী)ৰ পৰিচালন সঞ্চালক ১৯৫৭-৬৩। #১৯৬৩ চনৰ ইৰানত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ পিছত শ্বাহে বৰ্খাস্ত কৰে, সংস্কাৰৰ গতি লেহেমীয়া কৰিব লাগে বুলি পৰামৰ্শ দিয়াৰ বাবে। মাৰ্ভিন জোনিছে তেওঁৰ ''দ্য পলিটিকেল এলাইট অৱ ইৰান''<ref name="Zonis"/> গ্ৰন্থত লিখিছে যে ১৯৬৩ চনৰ জুন মাহত আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰী হুছেইন আলাই নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদৰ পৰিষদ আহ্বান কৰিছিল। উদ্দেশ্য আছিল শ্বাহক ক্ৰমাৎ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰা যে খোমেইনীৰ গ্ৰেপ্তাৰৰ প্ৰতিবাদত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ প্ৰতি সেনাই অত্যধিক কঠোৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। এই বিক্ষোভ শান্তিপূৰ্ণ আছিল যদিও ইৰাণী সৈন্যই ৰাইজৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰি কিছু লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলৰ এই পৰিষদত আছিল স্বয়ং আলা, আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম, জেনেৰেল মৰ্টেজা ইয়াজদানপানাহ, আৰু চৰ্দাৰ ফাখেৰ হেকমত। এই চাৰিজন বিষয়াই যেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ আগত নিজৰ উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ ক্ষোভ অতিশয় ক্ষুব্ধ হোৱা বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে। আলাক আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰপৰা অপসাৰণ কৰা হ’ল; যজদানপানাহক পৰিদৰ্শকৰপৰা আঁতৰাই দিয়া হ’ল; সংসদীয় নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰচাৰত হেকমাটক বাধা দিয়া হৈছিল; আৰু এণ্টেজামক নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানীটোৰপৰা অৱসৰ দি ঘৰলৈ পঠিওৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে লোহাৰ কামৰ কৰ্মশালা খুলিছিল, পৰৱৰ্তী ১৫ বছৰলৈকে জীৱিকা উপাৰ্জন কৰিছিল। ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁৰ ভুল উপলব্ধি কৰি শ্বাহে তেওঁক প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদ গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ অনুৰোধ কৰিছিল যদিও বহু দেৰি হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ সূচনা হৈছিল। এতিয়া অস্থিৰ হৈ পৰা তেল কোম্পানীটোত উষ্ম আদৰণি জনোৱাৰ পিছতো এণ্টেজামে ধৰ্মঘটকাৰী তেল শ্ৰমিকসকলক শান্ত কৰিবলৈ একো কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে। <ref name="secret">Mahmoud Toloie in Raz e Bozorg (the Big Secret) p.944</ref> তেওঁ শ্বাহক দেশত থাকিবলৈ আৰু পশ্চিমলৈ পলায়ন নকৰিবলৈ পৰামৰ্শ দিয়ে। আকৌ এবাৰ তেওঁৰ পৰামৰ্শক আওকাণ কৰা হ’ল। == চুফীবাদ == পিতৃৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফী আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী হয়। ১৯৭৭ চনত এণ্টেজামে "ৰহস্যবাদ আৰু চুফীবাদৰ ওপৰত এক নতুন দৃষ্টিভংগী" (নাজাৰী তা'আজেহ বি ইৰফান ৱা তাছাৱুফ) শীৰ্ষক ৰচনা ৰচনা কৰে। তেওঁ "মই নাজানো" (লা আদাৰী) ছদ্মনাম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল আৰু এই ৰচনাবোৰত এজন চুফী মাষ্টৰৰ সৈতে হোৱা প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ অধিৱেশনৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত ১৯৮৪ চনত ৱাহিদ পাব্লিচাৰ্ছে "আব্দুল্লাহ আজাদেহ" ছদ্মনামেৰে এই ৰচনাসমূহ পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.noormags.com/view/fa/ArticlePage/182834|title = نظری تازه به عرفان و تصوف|journal = وحید|date = 15 October 1355|volume = 158|issue = 4|pages = 683–689}}</ref> ==জীৱনৰ অন্ত== ১৯৭৮ চনত ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ৮৬বছৰীয়া এণ্টেজামক শ্বাহে প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিছিল; অৱশ্যে স্বাস্থ্যজনিত কাৰণত তেওঁ এই প্ৰস্তাৱ নাকচ কৰা বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/1978/12/16/voting-with-their-stamping-feet|title = Voting with their stamping feet|newspaper = The Economist|date = 16 December 1978}}</ref> কিছুমান সূত্ৰই দাবী কৰে যে তেওঁক নতুন ইছলামিক শাসনে কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰি ৰাখিছিল আৰু ১৯৮৩ চনৰ বসন্ত কালত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কিছুসময়ৰ আগতে তেওঁক মুকলি কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল। ছাৰ ডেনিছ ৰাইটে লিখা তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু বাৰ্তাখন ১৯৮৩ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত ''দ্য টাইমছ''ত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল। ইয়াত ৰাইটে এইদৰে কৈছিল: "দুৰ্নীতিৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণ মুক্ত, তেওঁ আছিল—তেওঁক ভালদৰে চিনি পোৱা এজন ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূতৰ ভাষাত—'এজন মনোমোহা, ব্যতিক্ৰমী ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন এজন মনোমোহা, সৌজন্যশীল ব্যক্তি'... তেওঁ উৎকৃষ্ট ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষা কয়... তেওঁ উচ্চ সমাজ আৰু... তথাপি তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্বৰ বাবে এক উল্লেখযোগ্য ক্ষমতা আছিল আৰু তেওঁক চিনি পোৱা সকলোৱে তেওঁক অতিশয় সন্মান কৰিছিল যদিহে শ্বাহে আব্দুল্লাৰ দৰে মানুহৰ পৰামৰ্শক গুৰুত্ব দিলেহেঁতেন আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰতিভাক সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলেহেঁতেন, তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও নিজৰ সিংহাসন হেৰুৱাব নালাগিলহেঁতেন।" <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928111917/http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Commons-inline}} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=VsCJK-c87oQC&dq=the+persian+sphinx&pg=PR14 The Persian sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the riddle of the Iranian ... By Abbas Milani] *[http://www.iranian.com/main/2010/nov/tehran-1960 iranian.com], contains an ITN film by Tim Brinton and interview with Entezam *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam iranicaonline.org] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&dq=Abdollah+Entezam&pg=PA197 ''The Life and Times of the Shah'' by Gholam Reza Afkham] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045040/http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/nt/db.cgi?db=ig; mh=12; do=search_results; sb=Notes; Cat=Delegations&nh=4 The Political Elite of Iran (Princeton University Press), 1971] * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Abdollah}} [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] 3z61ycqhkleewwz4ct85bgulfetnpc1 608720 608719 2026-05-25T19:29:52Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian diplomat}} [[File:Abdollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]] '''আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Sayyed Abdullah Entezam}})''' আছিল ইৰাণৰ এজন কূটনীতিবিদ। ‘বিনেশ আলী’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত ছায়েদ মহম্মদৰ পুত্ৰ; তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফি আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰৰ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃও এজন কূটনীতিবিদ আছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হাম হৰন ছৌদি আৰৱত আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত আছিল। এনচাইক্লপিডিয়া ইৰানিকাৰ মতে ১৮৯৫ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name="Zonis">The Political Elite of Iran Princeton, Marvin Zonis, Princeton University Press, 1971</ref> তেওঁ তেহৰাণত জাৰ্মান টেকনিকেল স্কুল, দাৰ উল-ফুনুন আৰু স্কুল অৱ পলিটিকেল ছায়েন্সত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত ১৯১৯ চনত তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা ইৰাণৰ দূতাবাসত সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। আমেৰিকাত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ মেকানিকেল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু মাৰ্গাৰেট ৰবিনছন হিউম নামৰ এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান মহিলাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল আৰু তাৰ পিছত তেওঁৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ এজন পুত্ৰ হিউম হ’ৰান আছিল, যি পিছলৈ আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰিছিল আৰু এজন আগশাৰীৰ আৰববাদী হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৯৫৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত তেওঁ আলিকোলি আনছাৰী মোছাৱেৰ-আল-মামালেকৰ নাতিনী ফাৰাহ আনছাৰীক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ==কেৰিয়াৰ: কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ== আব্বাছ মিলানীয়ে তেওঁৰ ''এমিনেণ্ট পাৰ্চিয়ান'' গ্ৰন্থখনত লিখিছে: "কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ দুয়োটা আব্দুল্লাৰ চৰিত্ৰ আৰু কেৰিয়াৰৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ হৈ পৰিল।" <ref>{{cite book |title=Eminent Persians: the men and women who made modern Iran, 1941 ..., Volume 2 |first=Abbas |last= Milani |date=19 December 2008 |authorlink= Abbas Milani |page= 130 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn= 978-0815609070}}</ref> কৰ্মজীৱন একাদিকমে... #১৯২৭ চনত [[ফ্ৰান্স]]ত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত, #১৯৩৩ চনত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ [[জাতিসংঘ]]ৰ সন্মুখত দাখিল কৰিছিল, #পশ্চিম [[জাৰ্মানী]]ত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত #মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহৰ অধীনত বিত্তমন্ত্ৰী, তেতিয়াৰ বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী ১৯৫৩-৫৬, #ব্ৰিটেইনৰ সৈতে কূটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক পুনৰ আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ বাবে আলোচনা আৰু মোছাডেগৰ পিছত তেলৰ চুক্তি #পৰিচালনা সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু এন আই অ’ চি (নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানী)ৰ পৰিচালন সঞ্চালক ১৯৫৭-৬৩। #১৯৬৩ চনৰ ইৰানত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ পিছত শ্বাহে বৰ্খাস্ত কৰে, সংস্কাৰৰ গতি লেহেমীয়া কৰিব লাগে বুলি পৰামৰ্শ দিয়াৰ বাবে। মাৰ্ভিন জোনিছে তেওঁৰ ''দ্য পলিটিকেল এলাইট অৱ ইৰান''<ref name="Zonis"/> গ্ৰন্থত লিখিছে যে ১৯৬৩ চনৰ জুন মাহত আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰী হুছেইন আলাই নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদৰ পৰিষদ আহ্বান কৰিছিল। উদ্দেশ্য আছিল শ্বাহক ক্ৰমাৎ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰা যে খোমেইনীৰ গ্ৰেপ্তাৰৰ প্ৰতিবাদত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ প্ৰতি সেনাই অত্যধিক কঠোৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। এই বিক্ষোভ শান্তিপূৰ্ণ আছিল যদিও ইৰাণী সৈন্যই ৰাইজৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰি কিছু লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলৰ এই পৰিষদত আছিল স্বয়ং আলা, আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম, জেনেৰেল মৰ্টেজা ইয়াজদানপানাহ, আৰু চৰ্দাৰ ফাখেৰ হেকমত। এই চাৰিজন বিষয়াই যেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ আগত নিজৰ উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ ক্ষোভ অতিশয় ক্ষুব্ধ হোৱা বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে। আলাক আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰপৰা অপসাৰণ কৰা হ’ল; যজদানপানাহক পৰিদৰ্শকৰপৰা আঁতৰাই দিয়া হ’ল; সংসদীয় নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰচাৰত হেকমাটক বাধা দিয়া হৈছিল; আৰু এণ্টেজামক নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানীটোৰপৰা অৱসৰ দি ঘৰলৈ পঠিওৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে লোহাৰ কামৰ কৰ্মশালা খুলিছিল, পৰৱৰ্তী ১৫ বছৰলৈকে জীৱিকা উপাৰ্জন কৰিছিল। ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁৰ ভুল উপলব্ধি কৰি শ্বাহে তেওঁক প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদ গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ অনুৰোধ কৰিছিল যদিও বহু দেৰি হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ সূচনা হৈছিল। এতিয়া অস্থিৰ হৈ পৰা তেল কোম্পানীটোত উষ্ম আদৰণি জনোৱাৰ পিছতো এণ্টেজামে ধৰ্মঘটকাৰী তেল শ্ৰমিকসকলক শান্ত কৰিবলৈ একো কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে। <ref name="secret">Mahmoud Toloie in Raz e Bozorg (the Big Secret) p.944</ref> তেওঁ শ্বাহক দেশত থাকিবলৈ আৰু পশ্চিমলৈ পলায়ন নকৰিবলৈ পৰামৰ্শ দিয়ে। আকৌ এবাৰ তেওঁৰ পৰামৰ্শক আওকাণ কৰা হ’ল। == চুফীবাদ == পিতৃৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফী আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী হয়। ১৯৭৭ চনত এণ্টেজামে "ৰহস্যবাদ আৰু চুফীবাদৰ ওপৰত এক নতুন দৃষ্টিভংগী" (নাজাৰী তা'আজেহ বি ইৰফান ৱা তাছাৱুফ) শীৰ্ষক ৰচনা ৰচনা কৰে। তেওঁ "মই নাজানো" (লা আদাৰী) ছদ্মনাম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল আৰু এই ৰচনাবোৰত এজন চুফী মাষ্টৰৰ সৈতে হোৱা প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ অধিৱেশনৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত ১৯৮৪ চনত ৱাহিদ পাব্লিচাৰ্ছে "আব্দুল্লাহ আজাদেহ" ছদ্মনামেৰে এই ৰচনাসমূহ পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.noormags.com/view/fa/ArticlePage/182834|title = نظری تازه به عرفان و تصوف|journal = وحید|date = 15 October 1355|volume = 158|issue = 4|pages = 683–689}}</ref> ==জীৱনৰ অন্ত== ১৯৭৮ চনত ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ৮৬বছৰীয়া এণ্টেজামক শ্বাহে প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিছিল; অৱশ্যে স্বাস্থ্যজনিত কাৰণত তেওঁ এই প্ৰস্তাৱ নাকচ কৰা বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/1978/12/16/voting-with-their-stamping-feet|title = Voting with their stamping feet|newspaper = The Economist|date = 16 December 1978}}</ref> কিছুমান সূত্ৰই দাবী কৰে যে তেওঁক নতুন ইছলামিক শাসনে কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰি ৰাখিছিল আৰু ১৯৮৩ চনৰ বসন্ত কালত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কিছুসময়ৰ আগতে তেওঁক মুকলি কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল। ছাৰ ডেনিছ ৰাইটে লিখা তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু বাৰ্তাখন ১৯৮৩ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত ''দ্য টাইমছ''ত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল। ইয়াত ৰাইটে এইদৰে কৈছিল: "দুৰ্নীতিৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণ মুক্ত, তেওঁ আছিল—তেওঁক ভালদৰে চিনি পোৱা এজন ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূতৰ ভাষাত—'এজন মনোমোহা, ব্যতিক্ৰমী ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন এজন মনোমোহা, সৌজন্যশীল ব্যক্তি'... তেওঁ উৎকৃষ্ট ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষা কয়... তেওঁ উচ্চ সমাজ আৰু... তথাপি তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্বৰ বাবে এক উল্লেখযোগ্য ক্ষমতা আছিল আৰু তেওঁক চিনি পোৱা সকলোৱে তেওঁক অতিশয় সন্মান কৰিছিল যদিহে শ্বাহে আব্দুল্লাৰ দৰে মানুহৰ পৰামৰ্শক গুৰুত্ব দিলেহেঁতেন আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰতিভাক সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলেহেঁতেন, তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও নিজৰ সিংহাসন হেৰুৱাব নালাগিলহেঁতেন।" <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928111917/http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Commons-inline}} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=VsCJK-c87oQC&dq=the+persian+sphinx&pg=PR14 The Persian sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the riddle of the Iranian ... By Abbas Milani] *[http://www.iranian.com/main/2010/nov/tehran-1960 iranian.com], contains an ITN film by Tim Brinton and interview with Entezam *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam iranicaonline.org] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&dq=Abdollah+Entezam&pg=PA197 ''The Life and Times of the Shah'' by Gholam Reza Afkham] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045040/http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/nt/db.cgi?db=ig; mh=12; do=search_results; sb=Notes; Cat=Delegations&nh=4 The Political Elite of Iran (Princeton University Press), 1971] * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Abdollah}} [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] 1xtntx709w4lyx486niiil123n85x5y 608721 608720 2026-05-25T19:31:25Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian diplomat}} [[File:Abdollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]] '''আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Sayyed Abdullah Entezam}})''' আছিল ইৰাণৰ এজন কূটনীতিবিদ। ‘বিনেশ আলী’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত ছায়েদ মহম্মদৰ পুত্ৰ; তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফি আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰৰ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃও এজন কূটনীতিবিদ আছিল। তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ হাম হৰন ছৌদি আৰৱত আমেৰিকাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত আছিল। এনচাইক্লপিডিয়া ইৰানিকাৰ মতে ১৮৯৫ চনত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ [[তেহৰাণ]]ত তেওঁৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name="Zonis">The Political Elite of Iran Princeton, Marvin Zonis, Princeton University Press, 1971</ref> তেওঁ তেহৰাণত জাৰ্মান টেকনিকেল স্কুল, দাৰ উল-ফুনুন আৰু স্কুল অৱ পলিটিকেল ছায়েন্সত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছত ১৯১৯ চনত তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ৱাশ্বিংটন ডি চিত থকা ইৰাণৰ দূতাবাসত সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। [[আমেৰিকা]]ত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ মেকানিকেল ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰিং অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু মাৰ্গাৰেট ৰবিনছন হিউম নামৰ এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান মহিলাক বিয়া কৰাইছিল আৰু তাৰ পিছত তেওঁৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ হৈছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ এজন পুত্ৰ হিউম হ’ৰান আছিল, যি পিছলৈ আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰিছিল আৰু এজন আগশাৰীৰ আৰববাদী হৈ পৰিছিল। ১৯৫৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত তেওঁ আলিকোলি আনছাৰী মোছাৱেৰ-আল-মামালেকৰ নাতিনী ফাৰাহ আনছাৰীক বিয়া কৰাইছিল। ==কেৰিয়াৰ: কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ== আব্বাছ মিলানীয়ে তেওঁৰ ''এমিনেণ্ট পাৰ্চিয়ান'' গ্ৰন্থখনত লিখিছে: "কূটনীতি আৰু চুফীবাদ দুয়োটা আব্দুল্লাৰ চৰিত্ৰ আৰু কেৰিয়াৰৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংশ হৈ পৰিল।" <ref>{{cite book |title=Eminent Persians: the men and women who made modern Iran, 1941 ..., Volume 2 |first=Abbas |last= Milani |date=19 December 2008 |authorlink= Abbas Milani |page= 130 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn= 978-0815609070}}</ref> কৰ্মজীৱন একাদিকমে... #১৯২৭ চনত [[ফ্ৰান্স]]ত [[ইৰাণ]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত, #১৯৩৩ চনত ব্ৰিটেইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ [[জাতিসংঘ]]ৰ সন্মুখত দাখিল কৰিছিল, #পশ্চিম [[জাৰ্মানী]]ত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত #মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহৰ অধীনত বিত্তমন্ত্ৰী, তেতিয়াৰ বৈদেশিক মন্ত্ৰী ১৯৫৩-৫৬, #ব্ৰিটেইনৰ সৈতে কূটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক পুনৰ আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ বাবে আলোচনা আৰু মোছাডেগৰ পিছত তেলৰ চুক্তি #পৰিচালনা সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু এন আই অ’ চি (নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানী)ৰ পৰিচালন সঞ্চালক ১৯৫৭-৬৩। #১৯৬৩ চনৰ ইৰানত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ পিছত শ্বাহে বৰ্খাস্ত কৰে, সংস্কাৰৰ গতি লেহেমীয়া কৰিব লাগে বুলি পৰামৰ্শ দিয়াৰ বাবে। মাৰ্ভিন জোনিছে তেওঁৰ ''দ্য পলিটিকেল এলাইট অৱ ইৰান''<ref name="Zonis"/> গ্ৰন্থত লিখিছে যে ১৯৬৩ চনৰ জুন মাহত আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰী হুছেইন আলাই নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদৰ পৰিষদ আহ্বান কৰিছিল। উদ্দেশ্য আছিল শ্বাহক ক্ৰমাৎ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰা যে খোমেইনীৰ গ্ৰেপ্তাৰৰ প্ৰতিবাদত হোৱা বিক্ষোভৰ প্ৰতি সেনাই অত্যধিক কঠোৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। এই বিক্ষোভ শান্তিপূৰ্ণ আছিল যদিও ইৰাণী সৈন্যই ৰাইজৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰি কিছু লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়। নিৰ্বাচিত ৰাজনীতিবিদসকলৰ এই পৰিষদত আছিল স্বয়ং আলা, আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম, জেনেৰেল মৰ্টেজা ইয়াজদানপানাহ, আৰু চৰ্দাৰ ফাখেৰ হেকমত। এই চাৰিজন বিষয়াই যেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ আগত নিজৰ উদ্বেগ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া শ্বাহৰ ক্ষোভ অতিশয় ক্ষুব্ধ হোৱা বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে। আলাক আদালতৰ মন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰপৰা অপসাৰণ কৰা হ’ল; যজদানপানাহক পৰিদৰ্শকৰপৰা আঁতৰাই দিয়া হ’ল; সংসদীয় নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰচাৰত হেকমাটক বাধা দিয়া হৈছিল; আৰু এণ্টেজামক নেচনেল ইৰাণী অইল কোম্পানীটোৰপৰা অৱসৰ দি ঘৰলৈ পঠিওৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে লোহাৰ কামৰ কৰ্মশালা খুলিছিল, পৰৱৰ্তী ১৫ বছৰলৈকে জীৱিকা উপাৰ্জন কৰিছিল। ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁৰ ভুল উপলব্ধি কৰি শ্বাহে তেওঁক প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদ গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ অনুৰোধ কৰিছিল যদিও বহু দেৰি হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ সূচনা হৈছিল। এতিয়া অস্থিৰ হৈ পৰা তেল কোম্পানীটোত উষ্ম আদৰণি জনোৱাৰ পিছতো এণ্টেজামে ধৰ্মঘটকাৰী তেল শ্ৰমিকসকলক শান্ত কৰিবলৈ একো কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে। <ref name="secret">Mahmoud Toloie in Raz e Bozorg (the Big Secret) p.944</ref> তেওঁ শ্বাহক দেশত থাকিবলৈ আৰু পশ্চিমলৈ পলায়ন নকৰিবলৈ পৰামৰ্শ দিয়ে। আকৌ এবাৰ তেওঁৰ পৰামৰ্শক আওকাণ কৰা হ’ল। == চুফীবাদ == পিতৃৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত তেওঁ ইৰাণৰ ছাফী আলী শ্বাহী অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ দাৰভিছৰ মুৰব্বী হয়। ১৯৭৭ চনত এণ্টেজামে "ৰহস্যবাদ আৰু চুফীবাদৰ ওপৰত এক নতুন দৃষ্টিভংগী" (নাজাৰী তা'আজেহ বি ইৰফান ৱা তাছাৱুফ) শীৰ্ষক ৰচনা ৰচনা কৰে। তেওঁ "মই নাজানো" (লা আদাৰী) ছদ্মনাম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল আৰু এই ৰচনাবোৰত এজন চুফী মাষ্টৰৰ সৈতে হোৱা প্ৰশ্নোত্তৰ অধিৱেশনৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল। বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত ১৯৮৪ চনত ৱাহিদ পাব্লিচাৰ্ছে "আব্দুল্লাহ আজাদেহ" ছদ্মনামেৰে এই ৰচনাসমূহ পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.noormags.com/view/fa/ArticlePage/182834|title = نظری تازه به عرفان و تصوف|journal = وحید|date = 15 October 1355|volume = 158|issue = 4|pages = 683–689}}</ref> ==জীৱনৰ অন্ত== ১৯৭৮ চনত ইৰাণৰ বিপ্লৱৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ৮৬বছৰীয়া এণ্টেজামক শ্বাহে প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ পদৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিছিল; অৱশ্যে স্বাস্থ্যজনিত কাৰণত তেওঁ এই প্ৰস্তাৱ নাকচ কৰা বুলি কোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/1978/12/16/voting-with-their-stamping-feet|title = Voting with their stamping feet|newspaper = The Economist|date = 16 December 1978}}</ref> কিছুমান সূত্ৰই দাবী কৰে যে তেওঁক নতুন ইছলামিক শাসনে কাৰাগাৰত বন্দী কৰি ৰাখিছিল আৰু ১৯৮৩ চনৰ বসন্ত কালত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কিছুসময়ৰ আগতে তেওঁক মুকলি কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল। ছাৰ ডেনিছ ৰাইটে লিখা তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু বাৰ্তাখন ১৯৮৩ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত ''দ্য টাইমছ''ত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল। ইয়াত ৰাইটে এইদৰে কৈছিল: "দুৰ্নীতিৰপৰা সম্পূৰ্ণ মুক্ত, তেওঁ আছিল—তেওঁক ভালদৰে চিনি পোৱা এজন ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূতৰ ভাষাত—'এজন মনোমোহা, ব্যতিক্ৰমী ক্ষমতাসম্পন্ন এজন মনোমোহা, সৌজন্যশীল ব্যক্তি'... তেওঁ উৎকৃষ্ট ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষা কয়... তেওঁ উচ্চ সমাজ আৰু... তথাপি তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্বৰ বাবে এক উল্লেখযোগ্য ক্ষমতা আছিল আৰু তেওঁক চিনি পোৱা সকলোৱে তেওঁক অতিশয় সন্মান কৰিছিল যদিহে শ্বাহে আব্দুল্লাৰ দৰে মানুহৰ পৰামৰ্শক গুৰুত্ব দিলেহেঁতেন আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰতিভাক সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিলেহেঁতেন, তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও নিজৰ সিংহাসন হেৰুৱাব নালাগিলহেঁতেন।" <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928111917/http://www.ghaffaris.com/graphics/Abdullah%20Eulogy%20By%20Wright.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == তথ্যৰ উৎস == {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{Commons-inline}} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=VsCJK-c87oQC&dq=the+persian+sphinx&pg=PR14 The Persian sphinx: Amir Abbas Hoveyda and the riddle of the Iranian ... By Abbas Milani] *[http://www.iranian.com/main/2010/nov/tehran-1960 iranian.com], contains an ITN film by Tim Brinton and interview with Entezam *[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam iranicaonline.org] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=pTVSPmyvtkAC&dq=Abdollah+Entezam&pg=PA197 ''The Life and Times of the Shah'' by Gholam Reza Afkham] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021045040/http://www.indiana.edu/~librcsd/nt/db.cgi?db=ig; mh=12; do=search_results; sb=Notes; Cat=Delegations&nh=4 The Political Elite of Iran (Princeton University Press), 1971] * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Abdollah}} [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] lde2i5jjm01xd7dtqqmwxtfszls9j1k 0 137053 608716 2026-05-25T19:26:49Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 পৃষ্ঠা [[আব্দুল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম]]ৰ পৰা [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম]]লৈ নৰুনা বৰুৱায়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে 608716 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম]] 1zn5877tknp2swirn7gkgoulk0sxkza 0 137054 608751 2026-05-26T06:45:48Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্... 608751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== Nasrollah Entezam was born in [[Tehran]], Iran on 16 February 1900 into a [[Qajar Iran|Qajari]] family.<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> His father Al-Saltanah Entezam and older brother [[Abdullah Entezam]] were also diplomats and politicians and his grandfather was the Minister of Order under [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> His mother, Khorshid Laqa Ghaffari, was descended from the Ghaffari family of [[Kashan]].<ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Nasrollah and his brother both studied at the [[German Embassy School Tehran#History|German Embassy School in Tehran]].<ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> Entezam then studied political science at the [[University of Tehran]] and law at the University of Paris.<ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== In 1918, following [[World War I]], Entezam joined the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] before serving as the Secretary to the Iranian Legations in [[Paris]], [[Warsaw]], [[Bern]], and [[London]] between 1926 and 1929.<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> He represented the Iranian government at the [[London Economic Conference|World Economic Conference]] in [[London]] in 1933 and was Iran's [[chargé d'affaires]] in Bern and deputy head of the Iranian delegation between 1934 and 1938.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Persian Oil Company]] dispute in 1932-1933, Entezam served as secretary to the Iranian delegation and accompanied [[Ali-Akbar Davar]] and [[Hossein Ala']] to Geneva to present Iran's case at the [[League of Nations]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> Entezam left Bern in 1938 to return to Tehran, where he was the Director of the Political Department of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] for four years.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran|Anglo-Soviet occupation]] of Iran during [[World War II]], Entezam served in a number of positions, including [[Health minister|Minister of Public Health]], [[Ministry of Information and Communications Technology of Iran|Minister of Post and Telegraph]], [[Ministry of Roads and Urban Development|Minister of Roads]], and, in 1944-1945, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] under Prime Minister [[Morteza-Qoli Bayat|Bayat]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> Following the occupation and [[Reza Shah]]'s abdication in September 1941, until the appointment of [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as Court Minister in March 1942, Nasrollah was "fully in charge of the court" and developed close ties with [[Mohammad-Reza Shah]].<ref name=iranica/> In 1942, he was also appointed [[Grand Master of Ceremonies]] at the [[Golestan Palace|Imperial Palace]].<ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} q2rgrl6ga82ilg63l50o6kauq5thg53 608752 608751 2026-05-26T06:46:12Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== Nasrollah Entezam was born in [[Tehran]], Iran on 16 February 1900 into a [[Qajar Iran|Qajari]] family.<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> His father Al-Saltanah Entezam and older brother [[Abdullah Entezam]] were also diplomats and politicians and his grandfather was the Minister of Order under [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> His mother, Khorshid Laqa Ghaffari, was descended from the Ghaffari family of [[Kashan]].<ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Nasrollah and his brother both studied at the [[German Embassy School Tehran#History|German Embassy School in Tehran]].<ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> Entezam then studied political science at the [[University of Tehran]] and law at the University of Paris.<ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== In 1918, following [[World War I]], Entezam joined the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] before serving as the Secretary to the Iranian Legations in [[Paris]], [[Warsaw]], [[Bern]], and [[London]] between 1926 and 1929.<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> He represented the Iranian government at the [[London Economic Conference|World Economic Conference]] in [[London]] in 1933 and was Iran's [[chargé d'affaires]] in Bern and deputy head of the Iranian delegation between 1934 and 1938.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Persian Oil Company]] dispute in 1932-1933, Entezam served as secretary to the Iranian delegation and accompanied [[Ali-Akbar Davar]] and [[Hossein Ala']] to Geneva to present Iran's case at the [[League of Nations]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> Entezam left Bern in 1938 to return to Tehran, where he was the Director of the Political Department of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] for four years.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran|Anglo-Soviet occupation]] of Iran during [[World War II]], Entezam served in a number of positions, including [[Health minister|Minister of Public Health]], [[Ministry of Information and Communications Technology of Iran|Minister of Post and Telegraph]], [[Ministry of Roads and Urban Development|Minister of Roads]], and, in 1944-1945, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] under Prime Minister [[Morteza-Qoli Bayat|Bayat]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> Following the occupation and [[Reza Shah]]'s abdication in September 1941, until the appointment of [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as Court Minister in March 1942, Nasrollah was "fully in charge of the court" and developed close ties with [[Mohammad-Reza Shah]].<ref name=iranica/> In 1942, he was also appointed [[Grand Master of Ceremonies]] at the [[Golestan Palace|Imperial Palace]].<ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} 16d6jdfciujts2p9mfi5qlca9qqso8m 608753 608752 2026-05-26T06:49:15Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন */ 608753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> His mother, Khorshid Laqa Ghaffari, was descended from the Ghaffari family of [[Kashan]].<ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Nasrollah and his brother both studied at the [[German Embassy School Tehran#History|German Embassy School in Tehran]].<ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> Entezam then studied political science at the [[University of Tehran]] and law at the University of Paris.<ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== In 1918, following [[World War I]], Entezam joined the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] before serving as the Secretary to the Iranian Legations in [[Paris]], [[Warsaw]], [[Bern]], and [[London]] between 1926 and 1929.<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> He represented the Iranian government at the [[London Economic Conference|World Economic Conference]] in [[London]] in 1933 and was Iran's [[chargé d'affaires]] in Bern and deputy head of the Iranian delegation between 1934 and 1938.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Persian Oil Company]] dispute in 1932-1933, Entezam served as secretary to the Iranian delegation and accompanied [[Ali-Akbar Davar]] and [[Hossein Ala']] to Geneva to present Iran's case at the [[League of Nations]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> Entezam left Bern in 1938 to return to Tehran, where he was the Director of the Political Department of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] for four years.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran|Anglo-Soviet occupation]] of Iran during [[World War II]], Entezam served in a number of positions, including [[Health minister|Minister of Public Health]], [[Ministry of Information and Communications Technology of Iran|Minister of Post and Telegraph]], [[Ministry of Roads and Urban Development|Minister of Roads]], and, in 1944-1945, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] under Prime Minister [[Morteza-Qoli Bayat|Bayat]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> Following the occupation and [[Reza Shah]]'s abdication in September 1941, until the appointment of [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as Court Minister in March 1942, Nasrollah was "fully in charge of the court" and developed close ties with [[Mohammad-Reza Shah]].<ref name=iranica/> In 1942, he was also appointed [[Grand Master of Ceremonies]] at the [[Golestan Palace|Imperial Palace]].<ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} 28dmehdp0ihiv9n0r2ls5p96cwdub8a 608754 608753 2026-05-26T06:51:08Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন */ 608754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Nasrollah and his brother both studied at the [[German Embassy School Tehran#History|German Embassy School in Tehran]].<ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> Entezam then studied political science at the [[University of Tehran]] and law at the University of Paris.<ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== In 1918, following [[World War I]], Entezam joined the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] before serving as the Secretary to the Iranian Legations in [[Paris]], [[Warsaw]], [[Bern]], and [[London]] between 1926 and 1929.<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> He represented the Iranian government at the [[London Economic Conference|World Economic Conference]] in [[London]] in 1933 and was Iran's [[chargé d'affaires]] in Bern and deputy head of the Iranian delegation between 1934 and 1938.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Persian Oil Company]] dispute in 1932-1933, Entezam served as secretary to the Iranian delegation and accompanied [[Ali-Akbar Davar]] and [[Hossein Ala']] to Geneva to present Iran's case at the [[League of Nations]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> Entezam left Bern in 1938 to return to Tehran, where he was the Director of the Political Department of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] for four years.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran|Anglo-Soviet occupation]] of Iran during [[World War II]], Entezam served in a number of positions, including [[Health minister|Minister of Public Health]], [[Ministry of Information and Communications Technology of Iran|Minister of Post and Telegraph]], [[Ministry of Roads and Urban Development|Minister of Roads]], and, in 1944-1945, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] under Prime Minister [[Morteza-Qoli Bayat|Bayat]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> Following the occupation and [[Reza Shah]]'s abdication in September 1941, until the appointment of [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as Court Minister in March 1942, Nasrollah was "fully in charge of the court" and developed close ties with [[Mohammad-Reza Shah]].<ref name=iranica/> In 1942, he was also appointed [[Grand Master of Ceremonies]] at the [[Golestan Palace|Imperial Palace]].<ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} 3fgjw7rt5i7iq3q30rpq9xdn044sakq 608755 608754 2026-05-26T06:52:16Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন */ 608755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> Entezam then studied political science at the [[University of Tehran]] and law at the University of Paris.<ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== In 1918, following [[World War I]], Entezam joined the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] before serving as the Secretary to the Iranian Legations in [[Paris]], [[Warsaw]], [[Bern]], and [[London]] between 1926 and 1929.<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> He represented the Iranian government at the [[London Economic Conference|World Economic Conference]] in [[London]] in 1933 and was Iran's [[chargé d'affaires]] in Bern and deputy head of the Iranian delegation between 1934 and 1938.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Persian Oil Company]] dispute in 1932-1933, Entezam served as secretary to the Iranian delegation and accompanied [[Ali-Akbar Davar]] and [[Hossein Ala']] to Geneva to present Iran's case at the [[League of Nations]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> Entezam left Bern in 1938 to return to Tehran, where he was the Director of the Political Department of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] for four years.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran|Anglo-Soviet occupation]] of Iran during [[World War II]], Entezam served in a number of positions, including [[Health minister|Minister of Public Health]], [[Ministry of Information and Communications Technology of Iran|Minister of Post and Telegraph]], [[Ministry of Roads and Urban Development|Minister of Roads]], and, in 1944-1945, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] under Prime Minister [[Morteza-Qoli Bayat|Bayat]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> Following the occupation and [[Reza Shah]]'s abdication in September 1941, until the appointment of [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as Court Minister in March 1942, Nasrollah was "fully in charge of the court" and developed close ties with [[Mohammad-Reza Shah]].<ref name=iranica/> In 1942, he was also appointed [[Grand Master of Ceremonies]] at the [[Golestan Palace|Imperial Palace]].<ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} sl0qo0z8x2ly81ci2jce52l6dt2posq 608756 608755 2026-05-26T06:53:03Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন */ 608756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== In 1918, following [[World War I]], Entezam joined the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] before serving as the Secretary to the Iranian Legations in [[Paris]], [[Warsaw]], [[Bern]], and [[London]] between 1926 and 1929.<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> He represented the Iranian government at the [[London Economic Conference|World Economic Conference]] in [[London]] in 1933 and was Iran's [[chargé d'affaires]] in Bern and deputy head of the Iranian delegation between 1934 and 1938.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Persian Oil Company]] dispute in 1932-1933, Entezam served as secretary to the Iranian delegation and accompanied [[Ali-Akbar Davar]] and [[Hossein Ala']] to Geneva to present Iran's case at the [[League of Nations]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> Entezam left Bern in 1938 to return to Tehran, where he was the Director of the Political Department of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] for four years.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran|Anglo-Soviet occupation]] of Iran during [[World War II]], Entezam served in a number of positions, including [[Health minister|Minister of Public Health]], [[Ministry of Information and Communications Technology of Iran|Minister of Post and Telegraph]], [[Ministry of Roads and Urban Development|Minister of Roads]], and, in 1944-1945, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] under Prime Minister [[Morteza-Qoli Bayat|Bayat]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> Following the occupation and [[Reza Shah]]'s abdication in September 1941, until the appointment of [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as Court Minister in March 1942, Nasrollah was "fully in charge of the court" and developed close ties with [[Mohammad-Reza Shah]].<ref name=iranica/> In 1942, he was also appointed [[Grand Master of Ceremonies]] at the [[Golestan Palace|Imperial Palace]].<ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} hf9ufgrt0lonj39sp7vtqw04rm04msb 608757 608756 2026-05-26T06:59:05Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ লীগ অৱ নেচনছত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran|Anglo-Soviet occupation]] of Iran during [[World War II]], Entezam served in a number of positions, including [[Health minister|Minister of Public Health]], [[Ministry of Information and Communications Technology of Iran|Minister of Post and Telegraph]], [[Ministry of Roads and Urban Development|Minister of Roads]], and, in 1944-1945, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] under Prime Minister [[Morteza-Qoli Bayat|Bayat]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> Following the occupation and [[Reza Shah]]'s abdication in September 1941, until the appointment of [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as Court Minister in March 1942, Nasrollah was "fully in charge of the court" and developed close ties with [[Mohammad-Reza Shah]].<ref name=iranica/> In 1942, he was also appointed [[Grand Master of Ceremonies]] at the [[Golestan Palace|Imperial Palace]].<ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} gcisub1q36i6820sj861qpjsyda8y49 608758 608757 2026-05-26T06:59:45Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> During the [[Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran|Anglo-Soviet occupation]] of Iran during [[World War II]], Entezam served in a number of positions, including [[Health minister|Minister of Public Health]], [[Ministry of Information and Communications Technology of Iran|Minister of Post and Telegraph]], [[Ministry of Roads and Urban Development|Minister of Roads]], and, in 1944-1945, [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iran)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] under Prime Minister [[Morteza-Qoli Bayat|Bayat]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> Following the occupation and [[Reza Shah]]'s abdication in September 1941, until the appointment of [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as Court Minister in March 1942, Nasrollah was "fully in charge of the court" and developed close ties with [[Mohammad-Reza Shah]].<ref name=iranica/> In 1942, he was also appointed [[Grand Master of Ceremonies]] at the [[Golestan Palace|Imperial Palace]].<ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} 5hxi5kbnbgy4roxuwqb0s4h0bwib3re 608759 608758 2026-05-26T07:01:14Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> Following the occupation and [[Reza Shah]]'s abdication in September 1941, until the appointment of [[Mohammad Ali Foroughi]] as Court Minister in March 1942, Nasrollah was "fully in charge of the court" and developed close ties with [[Mohammad-Reza Shah]].<ref name=iranica/> In 1942, he was also appointed [[Grand Master of Ceremonies]] at the [[Golestan Palace|Imperial Palace]].<ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} hpa155p7nsssmuq5mvsp6kflmsbcytp 608760 608759 2026-05-26T07:07:18Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> He continued in foreign affairs following the war by representing Iran at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945, the gathering that established the [[United Nations]], and at the first session of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly]] in 1946.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> In 1947, he became Iran's [[Permanent Representative of Iran to the United Nations|permanent representative]] to the UN and joined the [[United Nations Special Committee on Palestine]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> and in 1949 "served 'with distinction' as chairman of the Assembly's Special Political Committee."<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> He also chaired a UN sub-committee about the permanent UN headquarters location and in 1949 was an initial candidate for president of the UN General Assembly.<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He eventually withdrew from the election in favor of [[Carlos P. Romulo]] of the Philippines "in interests of Asian unity."<ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] During the third session of the General Assembly in 1948, he was chairman of the [[United Nations Trusteeship Council]] and the Special Committee on Methods and Procedures.<ref name=bookbio/> In 1948, he was chairman of the ad hoc Political Committee and in 1950, he was a member of the Cease Fire Committee for Korea and was elected President of the Assembly.<ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} 06c0wptw5esnz22nrhkg8csjn3etozl 608761 608760 2026-05-26T07:16:43Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|Entezam with Prime minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]] (right) and [[Trygve Lie]] (center)]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The [[Korean War]] occurred during his presidency and Entezam, wanting both economic aid from the USA and improved relations with Russia, strove to "tread a delicate path while maintaining a judicious appearance of fairness to all."<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> The Assembly also passed the [[United Nations General Assembly Resolution 377|Uniting for Peace]] resolution during this time, and Entezam helped establish a committee to consider granting UN membership to [[China]] and passed a resolution "guaranteeing Korea's postwar freedom, unity, and independence."<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> In 1952, he was expected to become the UN's next [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|Secretary-General]] but [[Dag Hammarskjöld]] was instead elected.<ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam was given the title [[Ambassador#Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary|Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary]] by the United States in 1950 for serving as a diplomat at the [[Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C.|Embassy]] in the USA.<ref>{{cite book|author=United States Congress|title=Official Congressional Directory: Volume 82|url={{Google books|yTUDvqrHWu4C|page=534|plainurl=yes}}|page=534}}</ref> He was the first non-Christian diplomat at the General Assembly in New York and served as [[List of Iranian Ambassadors to the United States|Iran ambassador to the United States]] until 1952, when he was removed and replaced by [[Allah-Yar Saleh]] under Prime Minister [[Mohammad Mosaddegh]].<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi>{{cite web|url=https://www.independentpersian.com/node/21701/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C/%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%C2%A0%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84|title=نصرالله انتظام: تنها ایرانی رئیس مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل|date=2019-09-23|last=Azizi|first=Arash|publisher=The Independent Persian|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> Entezam was instead installed at the [[International Court of Justice]] in [[The Hague]].<ref name=voa/> Following the [[Operation Ajax|Iran coup of August 1953]], Entezam returned to his post in the USA.<ref name=encyclopedia/> He then worked as the [[France–Iran relations|Ambassador to France]] from 1958 to 1962.<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> Following his departure from Paris, he was a [[minister without portfolio]] under Prime Minister [[Asadollah Alam]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Amini|first=Bahman|date=1993|title=Review: [Untitled]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283547|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=29|number=1|pages=154–156|doi=10.1080/00263209308700940 |jstor=4283547 |access-date=2022-02-25|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Following the [[Indo-Pakistani War]] in 1965, Entezam served as a member and judge on the dispute over the boundaries of the warring nations, namely the [[Rann of Kutch]].<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> He was later elected chairman of the Inaugural Congress of the [[Rastakhiz Party]].<ref name=iranica/> According to a 1963 report by the [[United States Embassy in Teheran|United States Embassy]], Entezam and his brother Abdollah were informally active in [[Government of Ali Amini|Prime Minister Amini's Cabinet]] and met every Wednesday for twelve years.<ref name=iranica/> Where his brother was considered to be prestigious and deserving of respect, Nasrollah was seen as a "flamboyant and sartorially elegant bachelor... [he was] also considered to be a capable official."<ref name=iranica/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} 4lhttqmwx8oqvlq7dou0tvfggr3cter 608762 608761 2026-05-26T07:20:31Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} qwt250sko95j0mt2bj8c6bkcaq188pk 608764 608762 2026-05-26T07:21:43Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] 0zfb6v063fes63w4dd0bykp9sk50pns 608765 608764 2026-05-26T07:22:00Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] 95xpqnrvj3ghsvp3hpfxdlcilgzvjt4 608766 608765 2026-05-26T07:22:23Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:কূটনীতিবিদ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] ja16eu5q0lx8gatozkcjzfz7w5cbg9g 608767 608766 2026-05-26T07:22:42Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/><ref name=azizi/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] la26ib9fy0ynwmqiqnrg036aaedxcjb 608768 608767 2026-05-26T07:24:16Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] pgvm4b4fbjn17ckvuafaqxbs1w4p9vp 608769 608768 2026-05-26T07:24:58Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন */ 608769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] sqxrfgoggx7io2kodpfaykmkkeyg096 608770 608769 2026-05-26T07:25:28Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] 9kxmu797dp8f19o3oa5oftriplixceu 608771 608770 2026-05-26T07:26:04Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] lyac0nlnv4ijxw6gow1nj9dwfkroy35 608772 608771 2026-05-26T07:26:57Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=azizi/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] jde0kjly6jgx6d5jlw2l0qitbbxbfak 608773 608772 2026-05-26T07:27:34Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=azizi/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] fiw6ufcusc71e4m9ypl2l2rlqqkv950 608774 608773 2026-05-26T07:28:12Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* কৰ্মজীৱন */ 608774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=azizi/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]].<ref name=azizi/> Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] eyuz2xrei6mbarnpwfw8al5fj6n42l3 608775 608774 2026-05-26T07:29:06Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু */ 608775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== Entezam retired in the late 1960s/early 1970s<ref name=encyclopedia/> but continued to serve the Shah in some capacity.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} His final duties were as chairman of the [[United States Bicentennial]] celebration and co-chair of the Rastakhiz Party.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} Several years later, following the [[Islamic Revolution of Iran|Islamic Revolution]], he returned to Iran from [[asthma]] treatment in [[Switzerland]] despite his family's pleas to stay abroad.<ref name=azizi/><ref name=voa/> He was immediately seized at the [[Mehrabad International Airport]] upon landing and arrested "on 'political charges'."<ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/> He was held in [[Evin Prison]], where he was tortured and later suffered a stroke, for which he was sent to the hospital.<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> Entezam died shortly after on 19 December 1980, though sources cannot seem to agree where he passed beyond it being in [[Tehran]]: at his house, at his sister's house, in prison, or at the hospital.<ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> He is buried in [[Behesht-e Zahra]]. Entezam's nephew, the son of his brother Abdollah, was American diplomat [[Hume Horan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004hor02/2004hor02.pdf|title=Interview with Hume Horan|last=Kennedy|first=Charles Stuart|date=2001|publisher=Library of Congress|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Entezam was also a [[Freemasonry in Asia#Iran|freemason]].<ref name=voa/> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] 9fygwyi2eqkh0ifabnvfj3ykjog3odc 608776 608775 2026-05-26T07:40:04Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু */ 608776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মূৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পিছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিবেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে"। <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপসমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== ১৯৬০ চনৰ শেষৰ ফালে তথা ১৯৭০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে <ref name=encyclopedia/> এণ্টেজামে অৱসৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে যদিও কিছু পৰিমাণে শ্বাহৰ সেৱা কৰি থাকিল ।তেওঁৰ শেষৰটো কাম আছিল আমেৰিকাৰ দ্বিশতবাৰ্ষিকী উদযাপনৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু ৰাষ্টাফেৰিয়ান পাৰ্টিৰ সহ-অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে। কেইবাবছৰ পিছত ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত চুইজাৰলেণ্ডত হাঁপানীৰ চিকিৎসা গ্ৰহণ কৰি ইৰাণলৈ উভতি আহিছিল; যদিও পৰিয়ালে তেওঁক বিদেশত থাকিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছিল।<ref name=voa/> চুইজাললেণ্ডৰ পৰা মেহৰাবাদ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰত অৱতৰন কৰা লগে লগেই তেওঁক জব্দ কৰা হয় আৰু "ৰাজনৈতিক অভিযোগত" গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়। <ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/> তেওঁক ইভিন কাৰাগাৰত ৰখা হৈছিল, য'ত তেওঁক অত্যাচাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু পিছলৈ ষ্ট্ৰোক হৈছিল, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁক চিকিৎসালয়ত ভৰ্তি কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ইয়াৰ কিছু সময়ৰ পিছতে ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১৯ ​​ডিচেম্বৰত এণ্টেজামৰ মৃত্যু হয়; কিন্তু তেহৰাণত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু ক'ত হৈছিল সেই সম্পৰ্কে উৎসসমূহৰ মাজত পাৰ্থক্য আছে । উৎস বোৰ বেলেগ যেনে তেওঁৰ নিজৰ ঘৰত, ভগ্নীৰ ঘৰত, কাৰাগাৰত বা চিকিৎসালয়ত। তেওঁক বেহেষ্ট-ই-জাহৰাত সমাধিস্থ কৰা হৈছে। <ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash;1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] mz3aa65vdypkwua907vqltr3h58hwjm 608777 608776 2026-05-26T07:40:22Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত] | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰপৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰপৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰপৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মুৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পাছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিৱেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে।" <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপশমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰপৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== ১৯৬০ চনৰ শেষৰফালে তথা ১৯৭০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে <ref name=encyclopedia/> এণ্টেজামে অৱসৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে যদিও কিছু পৰিমাণে শ্বাহৰ সেৱা কৰি থাকিল। তেওঁৰ শেষৰটো কাম আছিল আমেৰিকাৰ দ্বিশতবাৰ্ষিকী উদ্‌যাপনৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু ৰাস্তাফেৰিয়ান পাৰ্টিৰ সহ-অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে। কেইবাবছৰ পাছত ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত চুইজাৰলেণ্ডত হাঁপানীৰ চিকিৎসা গ্ৰহণ কৰি ইৰাণলৈ উভতি আহিছিল; যদিও পৰিয়ালে তেওঁক বিদেশত থাকিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছিল।<ref name=voa/> চুইজাল’লেণ্ডৰপৰা মেহৰাবাদ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰত অৱতৰন কৰা লগে লগেই তেওঁক জব্দ কৰা হয় আৰু "ৰাজনৈতিক অভিযোগত" গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়। <ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/> তেওঁক ইভিন কাৰাগাৰত ৰখা হৈছিল, য'ত তেওঁক অত্যাচাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু পিছলৈ ষ্ট্ৰোক হৈছিল, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁক চিকিৎসালয়ত ভৰ্তি কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ইয়াৰ কিছুসময়ৰ পাছতে ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১৯ ​​ডিচেম্বৰত এণ্টেজামৰ মৃত্যু হয়; কিন্তু তেহৰাণত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু ক'ত হৈছিল সেই সম্পৰ্কে উৎসসমূহৰ মাজত পাৰ্থক্য আছে। উৎসৱোৰ বেলেগ যেনে তেওঁৰ নিজৰ ঘৰত, ভগ্নীৰ ঘৰত, কাৰাগাৰত বা চিকিৎসালয়ত। তেওঁক বেহেষ্ট-ই-জাহৰাত সমাধিস্থ কৰা হৈছে। <ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash; 1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] skrg0nq8k1jdmb4d4c4rijqlliegydx 608778 608777 2026-05-26T07:42:05Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Iranian Ambassador and politician}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম | native_name = {{nobold|نصرالله انتظام}} | image = Nas entezam.jpg | alt = A middle-aged man wearing a suit. He has a mustache and slicked-back hair and is looking just to the camera's left. | office1 = ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start1 = ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | term_end1 = ১৯৬২ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত | office2 = ২২ তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start2 = ১৯৫৩ চনৰ ২২ অক্টোবৰ | term_end2 = ১৯৫৬ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী চন | predecessor2 = আব্বাছ আৰাম | successor2 = আলী আমিনি | office3 = ১৯তম আমেৰিকাত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত | term_start3 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১০ জুন | term_end3 = ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৫২ | predecessor3 = হোছেইন আলা | successor3 = আল্লাহ-য়াৰ ছালেহ | office4 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি | term_start4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৪৭ | term_end4 = ১ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৫০ চন | predecessor4 = হাছান তাকিজাদেহ | successor4 = আলিঘোলি অৰ্দলান | office5 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | term_start5 = ১৯৫০ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰী | term_end5 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫১ | predecessor5 = কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | successor5 = লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো | birth_date = {{birth date|1900|2|16|df=y}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], কাজাৰ ইৰান | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|12|19|1900|2|16|df=y}} | death_place = তেহৰাণ, [[ইৰাণ]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জাহৰা | party = ইৰান নবীন পাৰ্টী<br />ৰাস্তাখীজ পাৰ্টি | relations = [[আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজাম ]] (ভাতৃ)<br> হিউম হৰান (ভতিজা) | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় <br>পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত<br>কূটনীতিবিদ <br>ৰাজনীতিবিদ<br>মন্ত্ৰী | caption = ১৯৫০ চনত এণ্টেজাম | native_name_lang = fa }} '''নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজাম ({{lang-en|Nasrollah Entezam}})''' পাৰ্চী ভাষাত নাছৰ-আল্লাহ এণ্টেজাম। (জন্ম,১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯০০ – মৃত্যু,১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৮০) আছিল এগৰাকী কূটনীতিবিদ, ৰাজনীতিবিদ আৰু ইৰানৰ মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ আমেৰিকা আৰু ফ্ৰান্সত ইৰাণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ১৯৪৭ চনৰপৰা ১৯৫০ চনলৈকে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ প্ৰথম ৰাষ্ট্ৰদূত হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৫০ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ পঞ্চম অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name=bookbio/> ==জীৱনী== ===প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন=== ১৯০০ চনৰ ১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ইৰাণৰ তেহৰাণত কাজাৰী পৰিয়ালত নাছৰোলা এণ্টেজামৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=bio/> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আল-ছালতানা এণ্টেজাম আৰু ডাঙৰ ভাতৃ আব্দুল্লা এণ্টেজামো কূটনীতিবিদ আৰু ৰাজনীতিবিদ আছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ ককাদেউতাক নাছেৰ আল-দিন শ্বাহ কাজাৰৰ অধীনত শৃংখলা মন্ত্ৰী আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=voa>{{cite web|url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/nasrollah-entezam-iranian-un-general-assembly-president-/1506572.html|title=ریاست یک ایرانی بر مجمع عمومی سازمان ملل متحد|date=2021-03-02|publisher=VOA News|last=Surasrafil|first=Behrooz|access-date=2022-02-20|language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ খোৰ্ছিদ লাকা গাফ্ফাৰী কাছানৰ গাফ্ফৰী পৰিয়ালৰ বংশধৰৰ আছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghaffaris.com|title=About|date=n.d.|publisher=Ghaffaris.com|access-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> নাছৰোলা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ দুয়োজনে তেহৰাণৰ জাৰ্মান এম্বেচি স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল <ref name=iranica>{{cite web|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/entezam|title=ENTEẒĀM, ʿABD-ALLĀH and NAṢR-ALLĀH|date=2011|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে তেহৰাণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজনীতি বিজ্ঞান আৰু পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আইন অধ্যয়ন কৰে। <ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/><ref>{{cite thesis |last=Imseis|first=Ardi|date=2018|title=The United Nations and the question of Palestine: A study in international legal subalternity|type=Dissertation|publisher=University of Cambridge|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|access-date=2022-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121023834/https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/290775/PhD%20Thesis%20to%20be%20Bound%20Imseis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|archive-date=2022-01-21}}</ref> ===কৰ্মজীৱন=== ১৯১৮ চনত প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ পিছত এণ্টেজামে বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু ১৯২৬ চনৰপৰা ১৯২৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত পেৰিছ, ৱাৰ্ছ, বাৰ্ন আৰু লণ্ডনত ইৰাণৰ কূটনৈতিক দূতাবাসসমূহৰ সচিব হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|title=Nasrollah Entezam (Iran)|date=n.d.|publisher=United Nations|access-date=2022-02-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711025045/https://www.un.org/ga/president/bios/bio05.shtml|archive-date=2017-07-11}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত লণ্ডনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা বিশ্ব অৰ্থনৈতিক সন্মিলনত ইৰাণ চৰকাৰক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩৪ চনৰপৰা ১৯৩৮ চনৰ ভিতৰত বাৰ্নত ইৰাণৰ চাৰ্জ ডি এফেয়াৰ্ছ আৰু ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ উপ-মুৰব্বী আছিল।[ <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ১৯৩২-১৯৩৩ চনত এংলো-পাৰ্চিয়ান অইল কোম্পানী বিবাদৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিনিধি দলৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু আলী-আকবৰ দাভাৰ আৰু হোছেইন আলা'ৰ সৈতে জেনেভালৈ গৈ ইৰাণৰ গোচৰ জাতিসংঘত দাখিল কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=iranica/> ১৯৩৮ চনত এণ্টেজামে বাৰ্ন এৰি তেহৰাণলৈ উভতি যায় আৰু চাৰি বছৰ ধৰি বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ ৰাজনৈতিক বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক আছিল <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত ইৰাণ দখল কৰাৰ সময়ত এণ্টেজামে জনস্বাস্থ্য মন্ত্ৰী, ডাক আৰু টেলিগ্ৰাফ মন্ত্ৰী, পথ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু ১৯৪৪-১৯৪৫ চনত প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী বায়াতৰ অধীনত বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰী আদি কেইবাটাও পদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। <ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref name=voa/> ১৯৪১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত [[ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]য়ে পদত্যাগ কৰাৰ পাছত ১৯৪২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত মহম্মদ আলী ফ'ৰ'ঘিক আদালত মন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে নিযুক্তি পোৱালৈকে নাছৰোলা "আদালতৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ দায়িত্বত" আছিল আৰু [[মহম্মদ ৰেজা শ্বাহ পাহলৱী]]ৰ সৈতে ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। <ref name=iranica/> ১৯৪২ চনত ইম্পেৰিয়েল পেলেচত গ্ৰেণ্ড মাষ্টাৰ অৱ চেৰেমনি হিচাপেও নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। <ref name=examiner/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,813419,00.html|title=International: The Nichevo Line|date=1950-10-02|publisher=Time|access-date=2022-02-24}}</ref> "যুদ্ধৰ পিছতো তেওঁ বৈদেশিক পৰিক্ৰমাত নিজৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনৰ ছান ফ্ৰান্সিস্কো সন্মিলনত ইৰাণক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। এইখন সন্মিলনে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৬ চনত সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ প্ৰথম অধিৱেশনত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://avadiplomatic.com/en/archive/9934|title=UNIC, UNHCR, UNODC, UN-HABITAT, UNIDO, UNDP and IOM were set up and enthusiastically managed by the UN communications team|date=2016-10-20|publisher=AVA Diplomatic|access-date=2022-02-20}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘত ইৰাণৰ স্থায়ী প্ৰতিনিধি হয় আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ পেলেষ্টাইন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিশেষ সমিতিত যোগদান কৰে, <ref>{{cite book |last=Ben-Dror |first=Elad |title=UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2022 |isbn=978-1032059631 |location=London |language=English}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ বিশেষ ৰাজনৈতিক সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে "সুখ্যাতিৰে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে।" <ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ স্থায়ী মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়ৰ অৱস্থানৰ বিষয়েও তেওঁ এখন উপশমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰাৰ্থীসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name=bio/><ref name=encyclopedia/> শেষত "এছিয়াৰ ঐক্যৰ স্বাৰ্থত" তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনছৰ কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলোৰ সপক্ষে নিৰ্বাচনৰপৰা আঁতৰি যায়। <ref name=bio/> [[Image:Mohammad Mossadegh, Trygve Lie, and Nasrollah Entezam.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী মহম্মদ মোছাদ্দেগ (সোঁফালে) আৰু ট্ৰিগভী লাই (মাজত)ৰ সৈতে এণ্টেজাম]] ১৯৪৮ চনত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ তৃতীয় অধিৱেশনৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ ট্ৰাষ্টীশ্বিপ কাউন্সিল আৰু পদ্ধতিৰ বিশেষ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ আছিল। <ref name=bookbio>{{cite book|editor=Christian E. Burckel|title=Who's who in the United Nations: Volume 1|url={{Google books|1pVaAAAAIAAJ|page=140|plainurl=yes}}|page=140}}</ref><ref name=encyclopedia/><ref name=bio/> ==শেষৰ সময় আৰু মৃত্যু== ১৯৬০ চনৰ শেষৰফালে তথা ১৯৭০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে <ref name=encyclopedia/> এণ্টেজামে অৱসৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে যদিও কিছু পৰিমাণে শ্বাহৰ সেৱা কৰি থাকিল। তেওঁৰ শেষৰটো কাম আছিল আমেৰিকাৰ দ্বিশতবাৰ্ষিকী উদ্‌যাপনৰ অধ্যক্ষ আৰু ৰাস্তাফেৰিয়ান পাৰ্টিৰ সহ-অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে। কেইবাবছৰ পাছত ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত চুইজাৰলেণ্ডত হাঁপানীৰ চিকিৎসা গ্ৰহণ কৰি ইৰাণলৈ উভতি আহিছিল; যদিও পৰিয়ালে তেওঁক বিদেশত থাকিবলৈ আহ্বান জনাইছিল।<ref name=voa/> চুইজাল’লেণ্ডৰপৰা মেহৰাবাদ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰত অৱতৰন কৰা লগে লগেই তেওঁক জব্দ কৰা হয় আৰু "ৰাজনৈতিক অভিযোগত" গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়। <ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite book|title=The Palgrave Macmillan Dictionary of Diplomacy|last1=Berridge|first1=G.|last2=James|first2=Alan|last3=Lloyd|first3=Lorna|url={{Google books|xzTdwLE2mMcC|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/> তেওঁক ইভিন কাৰাগাৰত ৰখা হৈছিল, য'ত তেওঁক অত্যাচাৰ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু পিছলৈ ষ্ট্ৰোক হৈছিল, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁক চিকিৎসালয়ত ভৰ্তি কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=voa/><ref name=encyclopedia/> ইয়াৰ কিছুসময়ৰ পাছতে ১৯৮০ চনৰ ১৯ ​​ডিচেম্বৰত এণ্টেজামৰ মৃত্যু হয়; কিন্তু তেহৰাণত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু ক'ত হৈছিল সেই সম্পৰ্কে উৎসসমূহৰ মাজত পাৰ্থক্য আছে। উৎসৱোৰ বেলেগ যেনে তেওঁৰ নিজৰ ঘৰত, ভগ্নীৰ ঘৰত, কাৰাগাৰত বা চিকিৎসালয়ত। তেওঁক বেহেষ্ট-ই-জাহৰাত সমাধিস্থ কৰা হৈছে। <ref name=bio>{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|title=The Encyclopedia of the Korean War: A Political, Social, and Military History, 2nd Edition [3 Volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History|url={{Google books|1ZNxDwAAQBAJ|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref><ref name=voa/><ref name=examiner>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |date=1981-02-13|title=Nasrollah Entezam|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/460545968|work=The San Francisco Examiner |location=San Francisco, CA, USA|access-date=2022-02-20|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== * [http://www.ghaffaris.com/ ghaffaris.com] - Family website {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Entezam, Nasrollah}} {{s-start}} {{s-dip}} {{succession box | before=কাৰ্লোছ পি ৰোমুলো | title=ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাধাৰণ পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি | years= &ndash; 1951 | after=লুইচ পেডিলা নাৰ্ভো }} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰানৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কূটনীতিবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] krpbyt15k0mxk3zkje9h6vznw3yxy74 0 137055 608779 2026-05-26T08:02:38Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox person | name = বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী | image = Benyamin bahadori live in concert.jpeg | image_size = 200px | caption = কনচাৰ্টত বাহাদোৰী | birth_name = ৱাহিদ বাহাদোৰী | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1982|9|9}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | occupation = {{flatlist| *কণ্ঠশিল্পী *গীতিকাৰ *... 608779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী | image = Benyamin bahadori live in concert.jpeg | image_size = 200px | caption = কনচাৰ্টত বাহাদোৰী | birth_name = ৱাহিদ বাহাদোৰী | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1982|9|9}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | occupation = {{flatlist| *কণ্ঠশিল্পী *গীতিকাৰ *সুৰকাৰ *অভিনেতা}} | agent = | height = ১.৮৭ মিটাৰ | website = |signature = Benyamin_Bahadori_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = {{flatlist| *পপ}} | instrument = {{flatlist| *কণ্ঠ *গিটাৰ}} | years_active = ২০০check–বৰ্তমান | label = {{flatlist| *ছালিম আহমাদী আৱায়ে নেকিছা, তাৰানয়ে শাৰঘী}} | associated_acts = ছোহৰাব পাকজাদ, আৰভিন ছাহেব }}}} '''বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী''' হৈছে ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণৰ এজন ইৰানী পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী, সুৰকাৰ, গীতিকাৰ আৰু অভিনেতা।<ref>{{Cite web|title = قطعه جدید گروه "بچه‌های ایران" با ترانه‌ای از "بنیامین بهادری" منتشر خواهد شد|url = http://www.musicema.com/node/241399|accessdate = 22 August 2015}}</ref> তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমটো এলবাম ''৮৫'' ২০০৬ চনত মুক্তি পাইছিল আৰু ই ইৰানৰ ভিতৰত তথা বিদেশত থকা ইৰানী প্ৰব্ৰজনকাৰীসকলৰ মাজত এক বিশাল ব্যৱসায়িক সফলতা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=216680|title=Shahram Nazeri to give concerts in honor of Persian Gulf|date=6 April 2010|work=[[Tehran Times]]|access-date=22 July 2010}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মঞ্চনাম ‘বেনিয়ামিন’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত এইগৰাকী শিল্পী ইৰানৰ অন্যতম জনপ্ৰিয় পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী।<ref>{{Cite web|title = استایل|url = http://www.styleiran.com/fa/default.php|website = styleiran.com|accessdate = 22 August 2015}}</ref> বেনিয়ামিনে এতিয়ালৈকে চাৰিখন ষ্টুডিঅ’ এলবাম আৰু বহুতো একক গীত মুকলি কৰিছে। তেওঁ ''গৰ্গো মিশ'' আৰু ''এ ফিউ কিউবিক মিটাৰ্ছ অৱ লাভ'' চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ বাবে নেপথ্য সংগীত সজোৱাৰ লগতে গীত গাইছিল। ২০০৭ চনত বিবিচিৰ এটা প্ৰামাণ্যচিত্ৰ ‘ৰাগে ইনছাইড ইৰান’ত<ref>{{Cite web|title = Rageh Inside Iran – BBC Four|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0074tdh|publisher = BBC|access-date = 21 August 2015}}</ref> তেওঁক ‘ইৰানৰ এজন ডাঙৰ তাৰকা’ বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে কেৰিয়াৰৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিজৰ এলবামৰ দুই কোটি কপি বিক্ৰী কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। এগৰাকী পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী হ’লেও বেনিয়ামিনে প্ৰায়েই তেওঁৰ সংগীতত হিপ হপ আৰু ৰেপৰ উপাদান অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰে আৰু তেওঁৰ শেহতীয়া এলবাম ''৯৪''-ৰ কিছুমান গীতত ইংৰাজী কথা আছে। গানবোৰৰ বিষয়বস্তু মূলতঃ ৰোমান্টিক হোৱাৰ বাবে অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত বেনিয়ামিনক ‘আঘায়ে এশঘ’ বা ‘মিষ্টাৰ লাভ’ বুলিও জনা যায়। ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== বেনিয়ামিন (প্ৰকৃত নাম ৱাহিদ বাহাদোৰী) ইৰানী ইহুদী বংশোদ্ভৱ এটা পৰম্পৰাগত মুছলিম পৰিয়ালত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল<ref>[http://jewprom.50webs.com/JewPromSite_files/sheet185.htm JewPromSite]</ref> আৰু দক্ষিণ তেহৰাণৰ এটা সৰু চুবুৰীত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। তেওঁ সৰুৰে পৰাই সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত হৈছিল। নিজৰ ইহুদী বংশ পৰম্পৰাৰ প্ৰতি সন্মান জনাই তেওঁ হিব্ৰু ভাষাৰ পৰা অহা বাইবেলৰ চৰিত্ৰ বেনিয়ামিনৰ নামেৰে নিজৰ মঞ্চনাম ‘বেনিয়ামিন’ বাছি লৈছিল। == এলবামসমূহ == [[File:Benyamin Bahadori concert in Kish Island.jpg|thumb|left|২০১৬ চনত কিশ দ্বীপত বেনিয়ামিনৰ এটা কনচাৰ্ট]] বেনিয়ামিনৰ প্ৰথমটো এলবাম অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে বিপুলভাৱে জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰে আৰু তেওঁক এগৰাকী তাৰকা হিচাপে গঢ়ি তোলে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম এলবাম ''৮৫''-ৰ জনপ্ৰিয় গীতসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ‘খাতেৰেহা’ (যাক ‘দুনীয়া দিগে মেচলে তো নাদাৰে’ বুলিও জনা যায়), ‘লোকনাত’, ‘আদাম আহানী’ আৰু ‘মান এমশ্বাব মিমীৰাম’ অন্যতম। ২০০৬ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে কনচাৰ্ট কৰিবলৈ চুইডেনৰ ষ্টকহোমলৈ ভ্ৰমণ কৰে, যি আছিল তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কনচাৰ্টৰ আৰম্ভণি। অৱশ্যে ইয়াৰ চাৰি বছৰ পিছলৈকে তেওঁ ইৰানত কোনো কনচাৰ্ট কৰা নাছিল। তেওঁৰ দ্বিতীয়টো এলবাম ''৮৮'' ২০০৯ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত মুক্তি লাভ কৰে আৰু মুক্তিৰ মাত্ৰ এসপ্তাহৰ ভিতৰতে ইয়াৰ পাঁচ লাখ কপি বিক্ৰী হয়। এই এলবামটোত সৰ্বমুঠ ১৭টা গীত আছিল আৰু ইয়াত ‘শেনাচনামেহ’, ‘কোজায়ে দুনীয়া’, ‘আহায় তো’, ‘চেদায়ে ঘালবে তো’ আৰু ‘লেইলী দৰ পায়েিজ’ৰ দৰে কেইবাটাও জনপ্ৰিয় গীত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। দীৰ্ঘ পাঁচ বছৰৰ বিৰতিৰ পিছত ২০১৪ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰত্যাশিত তৃতীয়টো এলবাম ''৯৩'' মুক্তি পায়। ইয়াত ‘ঘাহভে’, ‘মাদাৰ’, ‘হাফতে এশঘ’ আৰু ‘ফাগাত সাবিনে খোদেতী’ৰ দৰে গীত আছিল। তেওঁৰ চতুৰ্থ তথা শেষৰটো এলবাম ''৯৪'' ২০১৫ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত অৰ্থাৎ তৃতীয় এলবামৰ মুক্তিৰ মাত্ৰ এবছৰ পিছত মুক্তি পায়। দুখন এলবামৰ মাজত থকা এই চুটি সময়ছোৱাই অনুৰাগীসকলক এক সুখদায়ক আচৰিত উপহাৰ দিছিল, কাৰণ ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বৰ এলবামটো ওলাবলৈ বহু দীঘলীয়া সময় লাগিছিল। এই এলবামটোত ‘এশকাল’, ‘হাৱাছাম বে তোৱে’, ‘ট্ৰেক ৪’ আৰু তেওঁৰ কন্যা বাৰানা বাহাদোৰীৰ বাবে গোৱা ‘বাৰানা’ৰ দৰে গীত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। বেনিয়ামিনে এই শেহতীয়া এলবামটোত ইংৰাজী কথাৰো সংযোগ কৰিছিল, যাক লৈ অনুৰাগীৰ পৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি পোৱা গৈছিল। তেওঁৰ এলবামসমূহৰ নামকৰণ ইৰানী বৰ্ষপঞ্জী অনুসৰি এলবামসমূহ মুক্তি পোৱা বছৰটোৰ আধাৰত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী তেওঁৰ ধৰ্মীয় বিষয়ক গীতৰ সুৰ সৃষ্টিৰ বাবেও পৰিচিত, যাৰ ভিতৰত ‘আঘাম আঘাম’, ‘কাৰবালা’, ‘য়ে পাহলেভন’ আৰু ‘লালাই’ অন্যতম। == কনচাৰ্টসমূহ == [[File:Benyamin Bahadori concert in Milad Tower.jpg|thumb|২০১৪ চনত মিলাদ টাৱাৰত এটা কনচাৰ্টৰ সময়ত বেনিয়ামিন]] তেওঁ ২০১০ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত তেহৰাণৰ মিলাদ টাৱাৰত অনুষ্ঠিত ‘ফজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত মহোৎসৱ’ৰ সময়ত ইৰানত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে কনচাৰ্ট পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু তেতিয়াৰ পৰা প্ৰতি বছৰে তাত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰি আহিছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ ইৰানৰ কেইবাখনো চহৰ আৰু বিশ্বৰ বহু দেশ যেনে ইংলেণ্ড, জাৰ্মানী, নৰৱে, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া, মালয়েছিয়া, তাজিকিস্তান, আমেৰিকা, কানাডা আৰু সংযুক্ত আৰৱ আমিৰাতত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিছে। == বেনিয়ামিন মিউজিক গ্ৰুপ == কনচাৰ্টত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিবলৈ বেনিয়ামিনৰ এটা সুকীয়া সংগীতজ্ঞৰ দল আছে, যিয়ে দেশ-বিদেশৰ বিভিন্ন স্থানলৈ তেওঁৰ সৈতে ভ্ৰমণ কৰে। এই দলটোৰ সদস্যসকল হৈছে ক্ৰমে আলী মানছুৰী (অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা পৰিচালক, কিবৰ্ড আৰু নেপথ্য কণ্ঠশিল্পী), আলীৰেজা মীৰাঘা (ট্ৰাম্পেট আৰু পাৰকাছ্যন), আৰাশ সাঈদী (বছ), এলেন বাৰ্চেখিয়ান (ইলেক্ট্ৰিক গিটাৰ), ষ্টীভ আভা্নেছিয়ান (ড্ৰামছ আৰু ''৯৪'' এলবামৰ ইংৰাজী কণ্ঠ), মহম্মদ মোজেৰলু (নেপথ্য কণ্ঠ আৰু ''৯৪'' এলবামৰ সংগীত ব্যৱস্থাপনা) আৰু প্ৰয়াত নিমা ভাৰাছতেহ (ভায়োলিনবাদক), যিয়ে বেনিয়ামিনৰ প্ৰথম তিনিখন এলবামৰ সংগীত ব্যৱস্থাপনা কৰিছিল। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে ২০১০ চনত নাছিম হেশ্মতীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হৈছিল; তেওঁলোকৰ বাৰানা বাহাদোৰী নামেৰে এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছে। বেনিয়ামিনে তেওঁৰ বিবাহৰ খবৰ আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ঘোষণা কৰা নাছিল, যাৰ বাবে ২০১৩ চন shadowৰ ২০ ডিচেম্বৰত তেহৰাণত এক পথ দুৰ্ঘটনাত পত্নীৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাৰ আগলৈকে বেছিভাগ মানুহেই তেওঁৰ পত্নী আৰু সন্তানৰ বিষয়ে অৱগত নাছিল। বেনিয়ামিনে নাছিম আৰু তেতিয়াৰ দুবছৰীয়া কন্যা বাৰানাৰ সৈতে গাড়ী চলাই ঘৰলৈ ঘূৰি অহাৰ সময়তে গাড়ীখন পথৰ পৰা আঁতৰি দুৰ্ঘটনাত পতিত হৈছিল; এই দুৰ্ঘটনাত বেনিয়ামিন আৰু বাৰানা আহত হোৱা নাছিল, কিন্তু নাছিমে গুৰুতৰভাৱে আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ কেই ঘণ্টামান পিছত চিকিৎসালয়ত শেষ নিশ্বাস ত্যাগ কৰে। বেনিয়ামিনে তেওঁৰ প্ৰয়াত পত্নীৰ স্মৃতিত ‘য়ে খুন’ নামৰ এটা গীত মুকলি কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ফেচবুকত কৰা এটা পোষ্ট অনুসৰি এই গীতটো সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ এঘাৰ বছৰ সময় লাগিছিল। পত্নীৰ মৃত্যুৰ এমাহ পিছত তেওঁৰ জন্মদিনৰ দিনা এই গীতটো মুক্তি দিয়া হৈছিল। ২০১৫ চনত বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে আমেৰিকাত বসবাস কৰা এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয়-পঠান বংশোদ্ভৱ শায়লী মেহমুদীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকে একেলগে এখন ইৰানী-ভাৰতীয় ড্ৰামা চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, য’ত বেনিয়ামিনে এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় যুৱতীৰ প্ৰেমত পৰে আৰু এই চৰিত্ৰটো শায়লীয়ে ৰূপায়ণ কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ বেনছন বাহাদোৰী আৰু শ্বাইমিন বাহাদোৰী নামেৰে দুটা পুত্ৰ সন্তান আছে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} pvby9idq2hy7wexu3g2vmjt2kzbxlld 608780 608779 2026-05-26T08:04:30Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী | image = Benyamin bahadori live in concert.jpeg | image_size = 200px | caption = কনচাৰ্টত বাহাদোৰী | birth_name = ৱাহিদ বাহাদোৰী | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1982|9|9}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | occupation = {{flatlist| *কণ্ঠশিল্পী *গীতিকাৰ *সুৰকাৰ *অভিনেতা}} | agent = | height = ১.৮৭ মিটাৰ | website = |signature = Benyamin_Bahadori_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = {{flatlist| *পপ}} | instrument = {{flatlist| *কণ্ঠ *গিটাৰ}} | years_active = ২০০check–বৰ্তমান | label = {{flatlist| *ছালিম আহমাদী আৱায়ে নেকিছা, তাৰানয়ে শাৰঘী}} | associated_acts = ছোহৰাব পাকজাদ, আৰভিন ছাহেব }}}} '''বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী''' হৈছে ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণৰ এজন ইৰানী পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী, সুৰকাৰ, গীতিকাৰ আৰু অভিনেতা।<ref>{{Cite web|title = قطعه جدید گروه "بچه‌های ایران" با ترانه‌ای از "بنیامین بهادری" منتشر خواهد شد|url = http://www.musicema.com/node/241399|accessdate = 22 August 2015}}</ref> তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমটো এলবাম ''৮৫'' ২০০৬ চনত মুক্তি পাইছিল আৰু ই ইৰানৰ ভিতৰত তথা বিদেশত থকা ইৰানী প্ৰব্ৰজনকাৰীসকলৰ মাজত এক বিশাল ব্যৱসায়িক সফলতা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=216680|title=Shahram Nazeri to give concerts in honor of Persian Gulf|date=6 April 2010|work=[[Tehran Times]]|access-date=22 July 2010}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মঞ্চনাম ‘বেনিয়ামিন’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত এইগৰাকী শিল্পী ইৰানৰ অন্যতম জনপ্ৰিয় পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী।<ref>{{Cite web|title = استایل|url = http://www.styleiran.com/fa/default.php|website = styleiran.com|accessdate = 22 August 2015}}</ref> বেনিয়ামিনে এতিয়ালৈকে চাৰিখন ষ্টুডিঅ’ এলবাম আৰু বহুতো একক গীত মুকলি কৰিছে। তেওঁ ''গৰ্গো মিশ'' আৰু ''এ ফিউ কিউবিক মিটাৰ্ছ অৱ লাভ'' চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ বাবে নেপথ্য সংগীত সজোৱাৰ লগতে গীত গাইছিল। ২০০৭ চনত বিবিচিৰ এটা প্ৰামাণ্যচিত্ৰ ‘ৰাগে ইনছাইড ইৰান’ত<ref>{{Cite web|title = Rageh Inside Iran – BBC Four|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0074tdh|publisher = BBC|access-date = 21 August 2015}}</ref> তেওঁক ‘ইৰানৰ এজন ডাঙৰ তাৰকা’ বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে কেৰিয়াৰৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিজৰ এলবামৰ দুই কোটি কপি বিক্ৰী কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। এগৰাকী পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী হ’লেও বেনিয়ামিনে প্ৰায়েই তেওঁৰ সংগীতত হিপ হপ আৰু ৰেপৰ উপাদান অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰে আৰু তেওঁৰ শেহতীয়া এলবাম ''৯৪''-ৰ কিছুমান গীতত ইংৰাজী কথা আছে। গানবোৰৰ বিষয়বস্তু মূলতঃ ৰোমান্টিক হোৱাৰ বাবে অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত বেনিয়ামিনক ‘আঘায়ে এশঘ’ বা ‘মিষ্টাৰ লাভ’ বুলিও জনা যায়। ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== বেনিয়ামিন (প্ৰকৃত নাম ৱাহিদ বাহাদোৰী) ইৰানী ইহুদী বংশোদ্ভৱ এটা পৰম্পৰাগত মুছলিম পৰিয়ালত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল<ref>[http://jewprom.50webs.com/JewPromSite_files/sheet185.htm JewPromSite]</ref> আৰু দক্ষিণ তেহৰাণৰ এটা সৰু চুবুৰীত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। তেওঁ সৰুৰে পৰাই সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত হৈছিল। নিজৰ ইহুদী বংশ পৰম্পৰাৰ প্ৰতি সন্মান জনাই তেওঁ হিব্ৰু ভাষাৰ পৰা অহা বাইবেলৰ চৰিত্ৰ বেনিয়ামিনৰ নামেৰে নিজৰ মঞ্চনাম ‘বেনিয়ামিন’ বাছি লৈছিল। == এলবামসমূহ == [[File:Benyamin Bahadori concert in Kish Island.jpg|thumb|left|২০১৬ চনত কিশ দ্বীপত বেনিয়ামিনৰ এটা কনচাৰ্ট]] বেনিয়ামিনৰ প্ৰথমটো এলবাম অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে বিপুলভাৱে জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰে আৰু তেওঁক এগৰাকী তাৰকা হিচাপে গঢ়ি তোলে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম এলবাম ''৮৫''-ৰ জনপ্ৰিয় গীতসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ‘খাতেৰেহা’ (যাক ‘দুনীয়া দিগে মেচলে তো নাদাৰে’ বুলিও জনা যায়), ‘লোকনাত’, ‘আদাম আহানী’ আৰু ‘মান এমশ্বাব মিমীৰাম’ অন্যতম। ২০০৬ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে কনচাৰ্ট কৰিবলৈ চুইডেনৰ ষ্টকহোমলৈ ভ্ৰমণ কৰে, যি আছিল তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কনচাৰ্টৰ আৰম্ভণি। অৱশ্যে ইয়াৰ চাৰি বছৰ পিছলৈকে তেওঁ ইৰানত কোনো কনচাৰ্ট কৰা নাছিল। তেওঁৰ দ্বিতীয়টো এলবাম ''৮৮'' ২০০৯ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত মুক্তি লাভ কৰে আৰু মুক্তিৰ মাত্ৰ এসপ্তাহৰ ভিতৰতে ইয়াৰ পাঁচ লাখ কপি বিক্ৰী হয়। এই এলবামটোত সৰ্বমুঠ ১৭টা গীত আছিল আৰু ইয়াত ‘শেনাচনামেহ’, ‘কোজায়ে দুনীয়া’, ‘আহায় তো’, ‘চেদায়ে ঘালবে তো’ আৰু ‘লেইলী দৰ পায়েিজ’ৰ দৰে কেইবাটাও জনপ্ৰিয় গীত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। দীৰ্ঘ পাঁচ বছৰৰ বিৰতিৰ পিছত ২০১৪ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰত্যাশিত তৃতীয়টো এলবাম ''৯৩'' মুক্তি পায়। ইয়াত ‘ঘাহভে’, ‘মাদাৰ’, ‘হাফতে এশঘ’ আৰু ‘ফাগাত সাবিনে খোদেতী’ৰ দৰে গীত আছিল। তেওঁৰ চতুৰ্থ তথা শেষৰটো এলবাম ''৯৪'' ২০১৫ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত অৰ্থাৎ তৃতীয় এলবামৰ মুক্তিৰ মাত্ৰ এবছৰ পিছত মুক্তি পায়। দুখন এলবামৰ মাজত থকা এই চুটি সময়ছোৱাই অনুৰাগীসকলক এক সুখদায়ক আচৰিত উপহাৰ দিছিল, কাৰণ ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বৰ এলবামটো ওলাবলৈ বহু দীঘলীয়া সময় লাগিছিল। এই এলবামটোত ‘এশকাল’, ‘হাৱাছাম বে তোৱে’, ‘ট্ৰেক ৪’ আৰু তেওঁৰ কন্যা বাৰানা বাহাদোৰীৰ বাবে গোৱা ‘বাৰানা’ৰ দৰে গীত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। বেনিয়ামিনে এই শেহতীয়া এলবামটোত ইংৰাজী কথাৰো সংযোগ কৰিছিল, যাক লৈ অনুৰাগীৰ পৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি পোৱা গৈছিল। তেওঁৰ এলবামসমূহৰ নামকৰণ ইৰানী বৰ্ষপঞ্জী অনুসৰি এলবামসমূহ মুক্তি পোৱা বছৰটোৰ আধাৰত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী তেওঁৰ ধৰ্মীয় বিষয়ক গীতৰ সুৰ সৃষ্টিৰ বাবেও পৰিচিত, যাৰ ভিতৰত ‘আঘাম আঘাম’, ‘কাৰবালা’, ‘য়ে পাহলেভন’ আৰু ‘লালাই’ অন্যতম। == কনচাৰ্টসমূহ == [[File:Benyamin Bahadori concert in Milad Tower.jpg|thumb|২০১৪ চনত মিলাদ টাৱাৰত এটা কনচাৰ্টৰ সময়ত বেনিয়ামিন]] তেওঁ ২০১০ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত তেহৰাণৰ মিলাদ টাৱাৰত অনুষ্ঠিত ‘ফজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত মহোৎসৱ’ৰ সময়ত ইৰানত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে কনচাৰ্ট পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু তেতিয়াৰ পৰা প্ৰতি বছৰে তাত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰি আহিছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ ইৰানৰ কেইবাখনো চহৰ আৰু বিশ্বৰ বহু দেশ যেনে ইংলেণ্ড, জাৰ্মানী, নৰৱে, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া, মালয়েছিয়া, তাজিকিস্তান, আমেৰিকা, কানাডা আৰু সংযুক্ত আৰৱ আমিৰাতত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিছে। == বেনিয়ামিন মিউজিক গ্ৰুপ == কনচাৰ্টত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিবলৈ বেনিয়ামিনৰ এটা সুকীয়া সংগীতজ্ঞৰ দল আছে, যিয়ে দেশ-বিদেশৰ বিভিন্ন স্থানলৈ তেওঁৰ সৈতে ভ্ৰমণ কৰে। এই দলটোৰ সদস্যসকল হৈছে ক্ৰমে আলী মানছুৰী (অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা পৰিচালক, কিবৰ্ড আৰু নেপথ্য কণ্ঠশিল্পী), আলীৰেজা মীৰাঘা (ট্ৰাম্পেট আৰু পাৰকাছ্যন), আৰাশ সাঈদী (বছ), এলেন বাৰ্চেখিয়ান (ইলেক্ট্ৰিক গিটাৰ), ষ্টীভ আভা্নেছিয়ান (ড্ৰামছ আৰু ''৯৪'' এলবামৰ ইংৰাজী কণ্ঠ), মহম্মদ মোজেৰলু (নেপথ্য কণ্ঠ আৰু ''৯৪'' এলবামৰ সংগীত ব্যৱস্থাপনা) আৰু প্ৰয়াত নিমা ভাৰাছতেহ (ভায়োলিনবাদক), যিয়ে বেনিয়ামিনৰ প্ৰথম তিনিখন এলবামৰ সংগীত ব্যৱস্থাপনা কৰিছিল। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে ২০১০ চনত নাছিম হেশ্মতীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হৈছিল; তেওঁলোকৰ বাৰানা বাহাদোৰী নামেৰে এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছে। বেনিয়ামিনে তেওঁৰ বিবাহৰ খবৰ আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ঘোষণা কৰা নাছিল, যাৰ বাবে ২০১৩ চন shadowৰ ২০ ডিচেম্বৰত তেহৰাণত এক পথ দুৰ্ঘটনাত পত্নীৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাৰ আগলৈকে বেছিভাগ মানুহেই তেওঁৰ পত্নী আৰু সন্তানৰ বিষয়ে অৱগত নাছিল। বেনিয়ামিনে নাছিম আৰু তেতিয়াৰ দুবছৰীয়া কন্যা বাৰানাৰ সৈতে গাড়ী চলাই ঘৰলৈ ঘূৰি অহাৰ সময়তে গাড়ীখন পথৰ পৰা আঁতৰি দুৰ্ঘটনাত পতিত হৈছিল; এই দুৰ্ঘটনাত বেনিয়ামিন আৰু বাৰানা আহত হোৱা নাছিল, কিন্তু নাছিমে গুৰুতৰভাৱে আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ কেই ঘণ্টামান পিছত চিকিৎসালয়ত শেষ নিশ্বাস ত্যাগ কৰে। বেনিয়ামিনে তেওঁৰ প্ৰয়াত পত্নীৰ স্মৃতিত ‘য়ে খুন’ নামৰ এটা গীত মুকলি কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ফেচবুকত কৰা এটা পোষ্ট অনুসৰি এই গীতটো সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ এঘাৰ বছৰ সময় লাগিছিল। পত্নীৰ মৃত্যুৰ এমাহ পিছত তেওঁৰ জন্মদিনৰ দিনা এই গীতটো মুক্তি দিয়া হৈছিল। ২০১৫ চনত বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে আমেৰিকাত বসবাস কৰা এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয়-পঠান বংশোদ্ভৱ শায়লী মেহমুদীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকে একেলগে এখন ইৰানী-ভাৰতীয় ড্ৰামা চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, য’ত বেনিয়ামিনে এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় যুৱতীৰ প্ৰেমত পৰে আৰু এই চৰিত্ৰটো শায়লীয়ে ৰূপায়ণ কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ বেনছন বাহাদোৰী আৰু শ্বাইমিন বাহাদোৰী নামেৰে দুটা পুত্ৰ সন্তান আছে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category|Benyamin Bahadori}} * {{IMDb name|8171539}} * [https://open.spotify.com/artist/5iHmrF9MRcW9h70IMrRbMe Benyamin Bahadori] on [[Spotify]] 6ei4lh337v072fm3flu1ppcbzsv9qpq 608781 608780 2026-05-26T08:04:47Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* বাহ্যিক সংযোগ */ 608781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী | image = Benyamin bahadori live in concert.jpeg | image_size = 200px | caption = কনচাৰ্টত বাহাদোৰী | birth_name = ৱাহিদ বাহাদোৰী | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1982|9|9}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | occupation = {{flatlist| *কণ্ঠশিল্পী *গীতিকাৰ *সুৰকাৰ *অভিনেতা}} | agent = | height = ১.৮৭ মিটাৰ | website = |signature = Benyamin_Bahadori_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = {{flatlist| *পপ}} | instrument = {{flatlist| *কণ্ঠ *গিটাৰ}} | years_active = ২০০check–বৰ্তমান | label = {{flatlist| *ছালিম আহমাদী আৱায়ে নেকিছা, তাৰানয়ে শাৰঘী}} | associated_acts = ছোহৰাব পাকজাদ, আৰভিন ছাহেব }}}} '''বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী''' হৈছে ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণৰ এজন ইৰানী পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী, সুৰকাৰ, গীতিকাৰ আৰু অভিনেতা।<ref>{{Cite web|title = قطعه جدید گروه "بچه‌های ایران" با ترانه‌ای از "بنیامین بهادری" منتشر خواهد شد|url = http://www.musicema.com/node/241399|accessdate = 22 August 2015}}</ref> তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমটো এলবাম ''৮৫'' ২০০৬ চনত মুক্তি পাইছিল আৰু ই ইৰানৰ ভিতৰত তথা বিদেশত থকা ইৰানী প্ৰব্ৰজনকাৰীসকলৰ মাজত এক বিশাল ব্যৱসায়িক সফলতা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=216680|title=Shahram Nazeri to give concerts in honor of Persian Gulf|date=6 April 2010|work=[[Tehran Times]]|access-date=22 July 2010}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মঞ্চনাম ‘বেনিয়ামিন’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত এইগৰাকী শিল্পী ইৰানৰ অন্যতম জনপ্ৰিয় পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী।<ref>{{Cite web|title = استایل|url = http://www.styleiran.com/fa/default.php|website = styleiran.com|accessdate = 22 August 2015}}</ref> বেনিয়ামিনে এতিয়ালৈকে চাৰিখন ষ্টুডিঅ’ এলবাম আৰু বহুতো একক গীত মুকলি কৰিছে। তেওঁ ''গৰ্গো মিশ'' আৰু ''এ ফিউ কিউবিক মিটাৰ্ছ অৱ লাভ'' চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ বাবে নেপথ্য সংগীত সজোৱাৰ লগতে গীত গাইছিল। ২০০৭ চনত বিবিচিৰ এটা প্ৰামাণ্যচিত্ৰ ‘ৰাগে ইনছাইড ইৰান’ত<ref>{{Cite web|title = Rageh Inside Iran – BBC Four|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0074tdh|publisher = BBC|access-date = 21 August 2015}}</ref> তেওঁক ‘ইৰানৰ এজন ডাঙৰ তাৰকা’ বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে কেৰিয়াৰৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিজৰ এলবামৰ দুই কোটি কপি বিক্ৰী কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। এগৰাকী পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী হ’লেও বেনিয়ামিনে প্ৰায়েই তেওঁৰ সংগীতত হিপ হপ আৰু ৰেপৰ উপাদান অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰে আৰু তেওঁৰ শেহতীয়া এলবাম ''৯৪''-ৰ কিছুমান গীতত ইংৰাজী কথা আছে। গানবোৰৰ বিষয়বস্তু মূলতঃ ৰোমান্টিক হোৱাৰ বাবে অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত বেনিয়ামিনক ‘আঘায়ে এশঘ’ বা ‘মিষ্টাৰ লাভ’ বুলিও জনা যায়। ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== বেনিয়ামিন (প্ৰকৃত নাম ৱাহিদ বাহাদোৰী) ইৰানী ইহুদী বংশোদ্ভৱ এটা পৰম্পৰাগত মুছলিম পৰিয়ালত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল<ref>[http://jewprom.50webs.com/JewPromSite_files/sheet185.htm JewPromSite]</ref> আৰু দক্ষিণ তেহৰাণৰ এটা সৰু চুবুৰীত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। তেওঁ সৰুৰে পৰাই সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত হৈছিল। নিজৰ ইহুদী বংশ পৰম্পৰাৰ প্ৰতি সন্মান জনাই তেওঁ হিব্ৰু ভাষাৰ পৰা অহা বাইবেলৰ চৰিত্ৰ বেনিয়ামিনৰ নামেৰে নিজৰ মঞ্চনাম ‘বেনিয়ামিন’ বাছি লৈছিল। == এলবামসমূহ == [[File:Benyamin Bahadori concert in Kish Island.jpg|thumb|left|২০১৬ চনত কিশ দ্বীপত বেনিয়ামিনৰ এটা কনচাৰ্ট]] বেনিয়ামিনৰ প্ৰথমটো এলবাম অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে বিপুলভাৱে জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰে আৰু তেওঁক এগৰাকী তাৰকা হিচাপে গঢ়ি তোলে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম এলবাম ''৮৫''-ৰ জনপ্ৰিয় গীতসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ‘খাতেৰেহা’ (যাক ‘দুনীয়া দিগে মেচলে তো নাদাৰে’ বুলিও জনা যায়), ‘লোকনাত’, ‘আদাম আহানী’ আৰু ‘মান এমশ্বাব মিমীৰাম’ অন্যতম। ২০০৬ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে কনচাৰ্ট কৰিবলৈ চুইডেনৰ ষ্টকহোমলৈ ভ্ৰমণ কৰে, যি আছিল তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কনচাৰ্টৰ আৰম্ভণি। অৱশ্যে ইয়াৰ চাৰি বছৰ পিছলৈকে তেওঁ ইৰানত কোনো কনচাৰ্ট কৰা নাছিল। তেওঁৰ দ্বিতীয়টো এলবাম ''৮৮'' ২০০৯ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত মুক্তি লাভ কৰে আৰু মুক্তিৰ মাত্ৰ এসপ্তাহৰ ভিতৰতে ইয়াৰ পাঁচ লাখ কপি বিক্ৰী হয়। এই এলবামটোত সৰ্বমুঠ ১৭টা গীত আছিল আৰু ইয়াত ‘শেনাচনামেহ’, ‘কোজায়ে দুনীয়া’, ‘আহায় তো’, ‘চেদায়ে ঘালবে তো’ আৰু ‘লেইলী দৰ পায়েিজ’ৰ দৰে কেইবাটাও জনপ্ৰিয় গীত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। দীৰ্ঘ পাঁচ বছৰৰ বিৰতিৰ পিছত ২০১৪ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰত্যাশিত তৃতীয়টো এলবাম ''৯৩'' মুক্তি পায়। ইয়াত ‘ঘাহভে’, ‘মাদাৰ’, ‘হাফতে এশঘ’ আৰু ‘ফাগাত সাবিনে খোদেতী’ৰ দৰে গীত আছিল। তেওঁৰ চতুৰ্থ তথা শেষৰটো এলবাম ''৯৪'' ২০১৫ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত অৰ্থাৎ তৃতীয় এলবামৰ মুক্তিৰ মাত্ৰ এবছৰ পিছত মুক্তি পায়। দুখন এলবামৰ মাজত থকা এই চুটি সময়ছোৱাই অনুৰাগীসকলক এক সুখদায়ক আচৰিত উপহাৰ দিছিল, কাৰণ ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বৰ এলবামটো ওলাবলৈ বহু দীঘলীয়া সময় লাগিছিল। এই এলবামটোত ‘এশকাল’, ‘হাৱাছাম বে তোৱে’, ‘ট্ৰেক ৪’ আৰু তেওঁৰ কন্যা বাৰানা বাহাদোৰীৰ বাবে গোৱা ‘বাৰানা’ৰ দৰে গীত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। বেনিয়ামিনে এই শেহতীয়া এলবামটোত ইংৰাজী কথাৰো সংযোগ কৰিছিল, যাক লৈ অনুৰাগীৰ পৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি পোৱা গৈছিল। তেওঁৰ এলবামসমূহৰ নামকৰণ ইৰানী বৰ্ষপঞ্জী অনুসৰি এলবামসমূহ মুক্তি পোৱা বছৰটোৰ আধাৰত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী তেওঁৰ ধৰ্মীয় বিষয়ক গীতৰ সুৰ সৃষ্টিৰ বাবেও পৰিচিত, যাৰ ভিতৰত ‘আঘাম আঘাম’, ‘কাৰবালা’, ‘য়ে পাহলেভন’ আৰু ‘লালাই’ অন্যতম। == কনচাৰ্টসমূহ == [[File:Benyamin Bahadori concert in Milad Tower.jpg|thumb|২০১৪ চনত মিলাদ টাৱাৰত এটা কনচাৰ্টৰ সময়ত বেনিয়ামিন]] তেওঁ ২০১০ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত তেহৰাণৰ মিলাদ টাৱাৰত অনুষ্ঠিত ‘ফজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত মহোৎসৱ’ৰ সময়ত ইৰানত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে কনচাৰ্ট পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু তেতিয়াৰ পৰা প্ৰতি বছৰে তাত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰি আহিছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ ইৰানৰ কেইবাখনো চহৰ আৰু বিশ্বৰ বহু দেশ যেনে ইংলেণ্ড, জাৰ্মানী, নৰৱে, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া, মালয়েছিয়া, তাজিকিস্তান, আমেৰিকা, কানাডা আৰু সংযুক্ত আৰৱ আমিৰাতত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিছে। == বেনিয়ামিন মিউজিক গ্ৰুপ == কনচাৰ্টত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিবলৈ বেনিয়ামিনৰ এটা সুকীয়া সংগীতজ্ঞৰ দল আছে, যিয়ে দেশ-বিদেশৰ বিভিন্ন স্থানলৈ তেওঁৰ সৈতে ভ্ৰমণ কৰে। এই দলটোৰ সদস্যসকল হৈছে ক্ৰমে আলী মানছুৰী (অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা পৰিচালক, কিবৰ্ড আৰু নেপথ্য কণ্ঠশিল্পী), আলীৰেজা মীৰাঘা (ট্ৰাম্পেট আৰু পাৰকাছ্যন), আৰাশ সাঈদী (বছ), এলেন বাৰ্চেখিয়ান (ইলেক্ট্ৰিক গিটাৰ), ষ্টীভ আভা্নেছিয়ান (ড্ৰামছ আৰু ''৯৪'' এলবামৰ ইংৰাজী কণ্ঠ), মহম্মদ মোজেৰলু (নেপথ্য কণ্ঠ আৰু ''৯৪'' এলবামৰ সংগীত ব্যৱস্থাপনা) আৰু প্ৰয়াত নিমা ভাৰাছতেহ (ভায়োলিনবাদক), যিয়ে বেনিয়ামিনৰ প্ৰথম তিনিখন এলবামৰ সংগীত ব্যৱস্থাপনা কৰিছিল। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে ২০১০ চনত নাছিম হেশ্মতীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হৈছিল; তেওঁলোকৰ বাৰানা বাহাদোৰী নামেৰে এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছে। বেনিয়ামিনে তেওঁৰ বিবাহৰ খবৰ আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ঘোষণা কৰা নাছিল, যাৰ বাবে ২০১৩ চন shadowৰ ২০ ডিচেম্বৰত তেহৰাণত এক পথ দুৰ্ঘটনাত পত্নীৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাৰ আগলৈকে বেছিভাগ মানুহেই তেওঁৰ পত্নী আৰু সন্তানৰ বিষয়ে অৱগত নাছিল। বেনিয়ামিনে নাছিম আৰু তেতিয়াৰ দুবছৰীয়া কন্যা বাৰানাৰ সৈতে গাড়ী চলাই ঘৰলৈ ঘূৰি অহাৰ সময়তে গাড়ীখন পথৰ পৰা আঁতৰি দুৰ্ঘটনাত পতিত হৈছিল; এই দুৰ্ঘটনাত বেনিয়ামিন আৰু বাৰানা আহত হোৱা নাছিল, কিন্তু নাছিমে গুৰুতৰভাৱে আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ কেই ঘণ্টামান পিছত চিকিৎসালয়ত শেষ নিশ্বাস ত্যাগ কৰে। বেনিয়ামিনে তেওঁৰ প্ৰয়াত পত্নীৰ স্মৃতিত ‘য়ে খুন’ নামৰ এটা গীত মুকলি কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ফেচবুকত কৰা এটা পোষ্ট অনুসৰি এই গীতটো সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ এঘাৰ বছৰ সময় লাগিছিল। পত্নীৰ মৃত্যুৰ এমাহ পিছত তেওঁৰ জন্মদিনৰ দিনা এই গীতটো মুক্তি দিয়া হৈছিল। ২০১৫ চনত বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে আমেৰিকাত বসবাস কৰা এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয়-পঠান বংশোদ্ভৱ শায়লী মেহমুদীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকে একেলগে এখন ইৰানী-ভাৰতীয় ড্ৰামা চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, য’ত বেনিয়ামিনে এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় যুৱতীৰ প্ৰেমত পৰে আৰু এই চৰিত্ৰটো শায়লীয়ে ৰূপায়ণ কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ বেনছন বাহাদোৰী আৰু শ্বাইমিন বাহাদোৰী নামেৰে দুটা পুত্ৰ সন্তান আছে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category|Benyamin Bahadori}} * {{IMDb name|8171539}} * [https://open.spotify.com/artist/5iHmrF9MRcW9h70IMrRbMe Benyamin Bahadori] on Spotify 09p5s2tejdcgyjk3883ox2nd99kyp2k 608782 608781 2026-05-26T08:07:56Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী | image = Benyamin bahadori live in concert.jpeg | image_size = 200px | caption = কনচাৰ্টত বাহাদোৰী | birth_name = ৱাহিদ বাহাদোৰী | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1982|9|9}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | occupation = {{flatlist| *কণ্ঠশিল্পী *গীতিকাৰ *সুৰকাৰ *অভিনেতা}} | agent = | height = ১.৮৭ মিটাৰ | website = |signature = Benyamin_Bahadori_signature.svg | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | genre = {{flatlist| *পপ}} | instrument = {{flatlist| *কণ্ঠ *গিটাৰ}} | years_active = ২০০check–বৰ্তমান | label = {{flatlist| *ছালিম আহমাদী আৱায়ে নেকিছা, তাৰানয়ে শাৰঘী}} | associated_acts = ছোহৰাব পাকজাদ, আৰভিন ছাহেব }}}} '''বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী''' হৈছে ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণৰ এজন ইৰানী পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী, সুৰকাৰ, গীতিকাৰ আৰু অভিনেতা।<ref>{{Cite web|title = قطعه جدید گروه "بچه‌های ایران" با ترانه‌ای از "بنیامین بهادری" منتشر خواهد شد|url = http://www.musicema.com/node/241399|accessdate = 22 August 2015}}</ref> তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমটো এলবাম ''৮৫'' ২০০৬ চনত মুক্তি পাইছিল আৰু ই ইৰানৰ ভিতৰত তথা বিদেশত থকা ইৰানী প্ৰব্ৰজনকাৰীসকলৰ মাজত এক বিশাল ব্যাৱসায়িক সফলতা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=216680|title=Shahram Nazeri to give concerts in honor of Persian Gulf|date=6 April 2010|work=[[Tehran Times]]|access-date=22 July 2010}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মঞ্চনাম ‘বেনিয়ামিন’ নামেৰেও পৰিচিত এইগৰাকী শিল্পী ইৰানৰ অন্যতম জনপ্ৰিয় পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী।<ref>{{Cite web|title = استایل|url = http://www.styleiran.com/fa/default.php|website = styleiran.com|accessdate = 22 August 2015}}</ref> বেনিয়ামিনে এতিয়ালৈকে চাৰিখন ষ্টুডিঅ’ এলবাম আৰু বহুতো একক গীত মুকলি কৰিছে। তেওঁ ''গৰ্গো মিশ'' আৰু ''এ ফিউ কিউবিক মিটাৰ্ছ অৱ লাভ'' চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ বাবে নেপথ্য সংগীত সজোৱাৰ লগতে গীত গাইছিল। ২০০৭ চনত বিবিচিৰ এটা প্ৰামাণ্যচিত্ৰ ‘ৰাগে ইনছাইড ইৰান’ত<ref>{{Cite web|title = Rageh Inside Iran – BBC Four|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0074tdh|publisher = BBC|access-date = 21 August 2015}}</ref> তেওঁক ‘ইৰানৰ এজন ডাঙৰ তাৰকা’ বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে কেৰিয়াৰৰ আৰম্ভণিতে নিজৰ এলবামৰ দুই কোটি কঁপি বিক্ৰী কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। এগৰাকী পপ কণ্ঠশিল্পী হ’লেও বেনিয়ামিনে প্ৰায়েই তেওঁৰ সংগীতত হিপ হপ আৰু ৰেপৰ উপাদান অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰে আৰু তেওঁৰ শেহতীয়া এলবাম ''৯৪''-ৰ কিছুমান গীতত ইংৰাজী কথা আছে। গানবোৰৰ বিষয়-বস্তু মূলতঃ ৰোমাণ্টিক হোৱাৰ বাবে অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত বেনিয়ামিনক ‘আঘায়ে এশঘ’ বা ‘মিষ্টাৰ লাভ’ বুলিও জনা যায়। ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== বেনিয়ামিন (প্ৰকৃত নাম ৱাহিদ বাহাদোৰী) ইৰানী ইহুদী বংশোদ্ভৱ এটা পৰম্পৰাগত মুছলিম পৰিয়ালত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল<ref>[http://jewprom.50webs.com/JewPromSite_files/sheet185.htm JewPromSite]</ref> আৰু দক্ষিণ তেহৰাণৰ এটা সৰু চুবুৰিত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। তেওঁ সৰুৰেপৰাই সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত হৈছিল। নিজৰ ইহুদী বংশ পৰম্পৰাৰ প্ৰতি সন্মান জনাই তেওঁ হিব্ৰু ভাষাৰপৰা অহা বাইবেলৰ চৰিত্ৰ বেনিয়ামিনৰ নামেৰে নিজৰ মঞ্চনাম ‘বেনিয়ামিন’ বাছি লৈছিল। == এলবামসমূহ == [[File:Benyamin Bahadori concert in Kish Island.jpg|thumb|left|২০১৬ চনত কিশ দ্বীপত বেনিয়ামিনৰ এটা কনচাৰ্ট]] বেনিয়ামিনৰ প্ৰথমটো এলবাম অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে বিপুলভাৱে জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰে আৰু তেওঁক এগৰাকী তাৰকা হিচাপে গঢ়ি তোলে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম এলবাম ''৮৫''-ৰ জনপ্ৰিয় গীতসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ‘খাতেৰেহা’ (যাক ‘দুনীয়া দিগে মেচলে তো নাদাৰে’ বুলিও জনা যায়), ‘লোকনাত’, ‘আদাম আহানী’ আৰু ‘মান এমশ্বাব মিমীৰাম’ অন্যতম। ২০০৬ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে কনচাৰ্ট কৰিবলৈ চুইডেনৰ ষ্টকহোমলৈ ভ্ৰমণ কৰে, যি আছিল তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কনচাৰ্টৰ আৰম্ভণি। অৱশ্যে ইয়াৰ চাৰি বছৰ পিছলৈকে তেওঁ ইৰানত কোনো কনচাৰ্ট কৰা নাছিল। তেওঁৰ দ্বিতীয়টো এলবাম ''৮৮'' ২০০৯ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত মুক্তি লাভ কৰে আৰু মুক্তিৰ মাত্ৰ এসপ্তাহৰ ভিতৰতে ইয়াৰ পাঁচ লাখ কঁপি বিক্ৰী হয়। এই এলবামটোত সৰ্বমুঠ ১৭টা গীত আছিল আৰু ইয়াত ‘শেনাচনামেহ’, ‘কোজায়ে দুনীয়া’, ‘আহায় তো’, ‘চেদায়ে ঘালবে তো’ আৰু ‘লেইলী দৰ পায়েিজ’ৰ দৰে কেইবাটাও জনপ্ৰিয় গীত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। দীৰ্ঘ পাঁচ বছৰৰ বিৰতিৰ পিছত ২০১৪ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰত্যাশিত তৃতীয়টো এলবাম ''৯৩'' মুক্তি পায়। ইয়াত ‘ঘাহভে’, ‘মাদাৰ’, ‘হাফতে এশঘ’ আৰু ‘ফাগাত সাবিনে খোদেতী’ৰ দৰে গীত আছিল। তেওঁৰ চতুৰ্থ তথা শেষৰটো এলবাম ''৯৪'' ২০১৫ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত অৰ্থাৎ তৃতীয় এলবামৰ মুক্তিৰ মাত্ৰ এবছৰ পাছত মুক্তি পায়। দুখন এলবামৰ মাজত থকা এই চুটি সময়ছোৱাই অনুৰাগীসকলক এক সুখদায়ক আচৰিত উপহাৰ দিছিল, কাৰণ ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বৰ এলবামটো ওলাবলৈ বহু দীঘলীয়া সময় লাগিছিল। এই এলবামটোত ‘এশকাল’, ‘হাৱাছাম বে তোৱে’, ‘ট্ৰেক ৪’ আৰু তেওঁৰ কন্যা বাৰানা বাহাদোৰীৰ বাবে গোৱা ‘বাৰানা’ৰ দৰে গীত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। বেনিয়ামিনে এই শেহতীয়া এলবামটোত ইংৰাজী কথাৰো সংযোগ কৰিছিল, যাক লৈ অনুৰাগীৰপৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি পোৱা গৈছিল। তেওঁৰ এলবামসমূহৰ নামকৰণ ইৰানী বৰ্ষপঞ্জী অনুসৰি এলবামসমূহ মুক্তি পোৱা বছৰটোৰ আধাৰত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰী তেওঁৰ ধৰ্মীয় বিষয়ক গীতৰ সুৰ সৃষ্টিৰ বাবেও পৰিচিত, যাৰ ভিতৰত ‘আঘাম আঘাম’, ‘কাৰবালা’, ‘য়ে পাহলেভন’ আৰু ‘লালাই’ অন্যতম। == কনচাৰ্টসমূহ == [[File:Benyamin Bahadori concert in Milad Tower.jpg|thumb|২০১৪ চনত মিলাদ টাৱাৰত এটা কনচাৰ্টৰ সময়ত বেনিয়ামিন]] তেওঁ ২০১০ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত তেহৰাণৰ মিলাদ টাৱাৰত অনুষ্ঠিত ‘ফজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংগীত মহোৎসৱ’ৰ সময়ত ইৰানত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে কনচাৰ্ট পৰিৱেশন কৰে আৰু তেতিয়াৰপৰা প্ৰতি বছৰে তাত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰি আহিছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ইৰানৰ কেইবাখনো চহৰ আৰু বিশ্বৰ বহু দেশ যেনে ইংলেণ্ড, জাৰ্মানী, নৰৱে, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া, মালয়েছিয়া, তাজিকিস্তান, আমেৰিকা, কানাডা আৰু সংযুক্ত আৰৱ আমিৰাতত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিছে। == বেনিয়ামিন মিউজিক গ্ৰুপ == কনচাৰ্টত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰিবলৈ বেনিয়ামিনৰ এটা সুকীয়া সংগীতজ্ঞৰ দল আছে, যিয়ে দেশ-বিদেশৰ বিভিন্ন স্থানলৈ তেওঁৰ সৈতে ভ্ৰমণ কৰে। এই দলটোৰ সদস্যসকল হৈছে ক্ৰমে আলী মানছুৰী (অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা পৰিচালক, কিবৰ্ড আৰু নেপথ্য কণ্ঠশিল্পী), আলীৰেজা মীৰাঘা (ট্ৰাম্পেট আৰু পাৰকাছ্যন), আৰাশ সাঈদী (বছ), এলেন বাৰ্চেখিয়ান (ইলেক্ট্ৰিক গিটাৰ), ষ্টীভ আভা্নেছিয়ান (ড্ৰামছ আৰু ''৯৪'' এলবামৰ ইংৰাজী কণ্ঠ), মহম্মদ মোজেৰলু (নেপথ্য কণ্ঠ আৰু ''৯৪'' এলবামৰ সংগীত ব্যৱস্থাপনা) আৰু প্ৰয়াত নিমা ভাৰাছতেহ (ভায়োলিনবাদক), যিয়ে বেনিয়ামিনৰ প্ৰথম তিনিখন এলবামৰ সংগীত ব্যৱস্থাপনা কৰিছিল। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে ২০১০ চনত নাছিম হেশ্মতীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হৈছিল; তেওঁলোকৰ বাৰানা বাহাদোৰী নামেৰে এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছে। বেনিয়ামিনে তেওঁৰ বিবাহৰ খবৰ আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে ঘোষণা কৰা নাছিল, যাৰ বাবে ২০১৩ চন shadowৰ ২০ ডিচেম্বৰত তেহৰাণত এক পথ দুৰ্ঘটনাত পত্নীৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাৰ আগলৈকে বেছিভাগ মানুহেই তেওঁৰ পত্নী আৰু সন্তানৰ বিষয়ে অৱগত নাছিল। বেনিয়ামিনে নাছিম আৰু তেতিয়াৰ দুবছৰীয়া কন্যা বাৰানাৰ সৈতে গাড়ী চলাই ঘৰলৈ ঘূৰি অহাৰ সময়তে গাড়ীখন পথৰপৰা আঁতৰি দুৰ্ঘটনাত পতিত হৈছিল; এই দুৰ্ঘটনাত বেনিয়ামিন আৰু বাৰানা আহত হোৱা নাছিল, কিন্তু নাছিমে গুৰুতৰভাৱে আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ কেইঘণ্টামান পিছত চিকিৎসালয়ত শেষ-নিশ্বাস ত্যাগ কৰে। বেনিয়ামিনে তেওঁৰ প্ৰয়াত পত্নীৰ স্মৃতিত ‘য়ে খুন’ নামৰ এটা গীত মুকলি কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ফেচবুকত কৰা এটা পোষ্ট অনুসৰি এই গীতটো সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ এঘাৰ বছৰ সময় লাগিছিল। পত্নীৰ মৃত্যুৰ এমাহ পিছত তেওঁৰ জন্মদিনৰদিনা এই গীতটো মুক্তি দিয়া হৈছিল। ২০১৫ চনত বেনিয়ামিন বাহাদোৰীয়ে আমেৰিকাত বসবাস কৰা এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয়-পঠান বংশোদ্ভৱ শায়লী মেহমুদীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁলোকে একেলগে এখন ইৰানী-ভাৰতীয় ড্ৰামা চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, য’ত বেনিয়ামিনে এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় যুৱতীৰ প্ৰেমত পৰে আৰু এই চৰিত্ৰটো শায়লীয়ে ৰূপায়ণ কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ বেনছন বাহাদোৰী আৰু শ্বাইমিন বাহাদোৰী নামেৰে দুটা পুত্ৰ সন্তান আছে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category|Benyamin Bahadori}} * {{IMDb name|8171539}} * [https://open.spotify.com/artist/5iHmrF9MRcW9h70IMrRbMe Benyamin Bahadori] on Spotify [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কণ্ঠশিল্পী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গীতিকাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সুৰকাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেতা]] amoiiof4y229tsnvcft7ro8ik1zmdm5 0 137056 608783 2026-05-26T08:16:06Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsa... 608783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপিও বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলান্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰ ফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০ সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পিছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল।<ref name=unlikely/> == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি (Laro FC) ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চন doৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰ পৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল।<ref name=upclose/> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== tf2bc2qvc9kzrh5y47asszaos3hr2sa 608785 608783 2026-05-26T08:17:26Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* */ 608785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = File:MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপিও বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলান্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰ ফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০ সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পিছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল।<ref name=unlikely/> == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি (Laro FC) ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চন doৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰ পৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল।<ref name=upclose/> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== dl7m2hqn8cliv1lvify1dwbodmvlpaa 608786 608785 2026-05-26T08:18:22Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = File:MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপিও বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলান্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰ ফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০ সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পিছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি (Laro FC) ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চন doৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰ পৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল।<ref name=upclose/> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== g6hu8ikpo3jcrg9kdz1fonuna5c8rtf 608787 608786 2026-05-26T08:18:48Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = File:MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপিও বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলান্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰ ফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০ সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পিছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি (Laro FC) ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চন doৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰ পৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== epj94afle87tk5dx3t1iiw3htj8ws3f 608789 608787 2026-05-26T08:19:19Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = File:MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপিও বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলান্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰ ফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০ সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পিছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি (Laro FC) ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চন doৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰ পৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{NFT player|id=44203}} * {{FIFA player|345367}} {{One Taguig F.C. squad}} {{Perak FA squad}} jx5ng61ws3lnu9r5ph51ch974rb18zl 608790 608789 2026-05-26T08:19:29Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = File:MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপিও বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলান্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰ ফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০ সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পিছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি (Laro FC) ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চন doৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰ পৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেন্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{NFT player|id=44203}} * {{FIFA player|345367}} 27nmooj7ur7u3dyeps1k8d7mxmyh6ed 608792 608790 2026-05-26T08:20:45Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = File:MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপি বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলাণ্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পাছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পাছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি (Laro FC) ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চন doৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰপৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যাৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{NFT player|id=44203}} * {{FIFA player|345367}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] omvhphe3g86t6mfusnfzj23vcc8q267 608793 608792 2026-05-26T08:20:57Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* */ 608793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপি বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলাণ্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পাছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পাছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি (Laro FC) ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চন doৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰপৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যাৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{NFT player|id=44203}} * {{FIFA player|345367}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] oqqon07kxiulqdjyuoqgj996xbsn255 608794 608793 2026-05-26T08:21:22Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপি বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলাণ্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পাছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পাছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চন doৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰপৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যাৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{NFT player|id=44203}} * {{FIFA player|345367}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] idz6j38z511xuibywz51z1nbwivp0xo 608795 608794 2026-05-26T08:22:09Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' (ফাৰ্চী: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপি বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলাণ্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পাছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পাছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰপৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যাৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{NFT player|id=44203}} * {{FIFA player|345367}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] 41n8lw33nopp49fr2fievk28d0uwlff 608796 608795 2026-05-26T08:22:34Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* */ 608796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = MisaghBahadoranGlobal.jpg | image_size = 135px | caption = চিবু চিটি স্পৰ্টছ কমপ্লেক্সত বাহাদোৰান | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপি বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলাণ্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পাছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পাছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰপৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যাৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{NFT player|id=44203}} * {{FIFA player|345367}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] 6k9cfh9ultr3vgpcgm54fiqbtr17go8 608798 608796 2026-05-26T08:23:37Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* */ 608798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = মিছাগ বাহাদোৰান | image = | image_size = | caption = | fullname = মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.the-afc.com/en/afc-futsal-championship-2008-previous-competitions/afc-futsal-championship-2010/futsal-schedule-a-results?view=Competitions&id=382 |title=2010 AFC Futsal Championship Qualification squad list - Philippines |work=The-AFC.com |publisher=Asian Football Confederation |access-date=2012-03-10 }}</ref> | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|1|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = মাবালাকাট, [[ফিলিপাইন]] | height = ১.৭৪ মিটাৰ | position = উইংগাৰ / ফৰৱাৰ্ড | currentclub = ৱান তাগুইগ | clubnumber = | youthyears1 = 2006–2009 | youthclubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | years1 = 2009–2010 | clubs1 = পাছাৰগাড | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = 2010–2011 | clubs2 = কায়া | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = 2011–2017 | clubs3 = গ্ল’বেল চিবু | caps3 = 39 | goals3 = 24 | years4 = 2018–2019 | clubs4 = পেৰাক | caps4 = 10 | goals4 = 0 | years5 = 2020 | clubs5 = গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি | caps5 = 3 | goals5 = 0 | years6 = 2020–2021 | clubs6 = মহালিকা মনিলা | caps6 = | goals6 = | nationalyears1 = 2007–2012 | nationalteam1 = ফিলিপাইন (ফুটছল)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fut5al.ir|title=دندانپزشکی ایرانی که کاپیتان تیم ملی فوتسال فیلیپین بود - پایگاه خبری فوتسال|date=June 14, 2015|website=fut5al.ir|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://varzesh3.com|title=میثاق بهادران: الگویم اشکان دژآگه است|website=ورزش سه|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> | nationalcaps1 = | nationalgoals1 = | nationalyears2 = 2011–2018 | nationalteam2 = ফিলিপাইন | nationalcaps2 = 58 | nationalgoals2 = 8 | club-update = | nationalteam-update = | years7 = 2024 | clubs7 = ৱান তাগুইগ | caps7 = 1 | goals7 = 0 }} '''মিছাগ মদিনা বাহাদোৰান''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: میثاق بهادران; জন্ম ১০ জানুৱাৰী, ১৯৮৭) হৈছে এজন ফিলিপিনো পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ যিয়ে শেহতীয়াকৈ ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ আৰু পূৰ্বতে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটবল দলৰ হৈ উইংগাৰ বা ফৰৱাৰ্ড হিচাপে খেলিছিল। তেওঁ ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈও খেলিছে।<ref name="abs-cbn close up">{{cite news |url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/sports/06/23/11/azkals-close-misagh-bahadoran|title=Azkals up close: Misagh Bahadoran |author=Reyes, Shiela |work=ABS-CBN News |publisher=Alto Broadcasting System-Chronicle Broadcasting Network |date=2011-06-23 |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== বাহাদোৰানৰ পিতৃ মোস্তাফা এজন ইৰানী আৰু মাতৃ এগৰাকী ফিলিপিনো। তেওঁ সাতজন সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয়। তেওঁ ইৰানৰ তেহৰাণত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। ৭ বছৰ বয়সতে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল আৰু এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। অৱশ্যে তেওঁৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ ভাতৃ (যি এজন পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলাৰ আছিল) আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হৈ ফুটবল জীৱন সমাপ্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলিবলৈ নিৰুৎসায়ী কৰিছিল। তথাপি বাহাদোৰানে গোপনে ফুটবল খেলি গৈছিল। উচ্চ মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰিবলৈ ২০০৪ চনত পিতৃয়ে বাহাদোৰানক ফিলিপাইনলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। ফিলিপাইনত ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি সজাগতাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে তেওঁ খেলখনৰ সৈতে জড়িত হোৱাৰ সুযোগ কমকৈ পাইছিল। বাহাদোৰানে যেতিয়া মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন বিদেশী সহপাঠীয়ে এখন বাস্কেটবল ক’ৰ্টক ফুটছল ক’ৰ্টলৈ ৰূপান্তৰ কৰিবলৈ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ ওচৰত সফল আবেদন জনাইছিল। শিক্ষা বৰ্ষৰ শেষত বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত চেণ্ট্ৰো এস্কোলাৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা দন্ত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান নিজাকৈ চেম্বাৰ থকা এগৰাকী যোগ্য দন্ত চিকিৎসক। ==ক্লাব কেৰিয়াৰ== ===পাছাৰগাড=== বাহাদোৰানে ২০০৯ চনৰ ছিজনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পাছাৰগাড ক্লাবৰ খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ===কায়া=== ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত কায়া ক্লাবলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। ===গ্ল’বেল চিবু=== ২০১১ চনত তেওঁক টকিঅ’ ভেৰ্ডি ক্লাবৰ ট্ৰায়েলৰ বাবে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হৈছিল। জাপানী ক্লাবটোৰ ট্ৰায়েলত বিফল হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ইউনাইটেড ফুটবল লীগৰ (UFL) ক্লাব গ্ল’বেলত যোগদান কৰে। বাহাদোৰানে গ্ল’বেলক তিনিবাৰ ইউএফএল লীগ খিতাপ, এবাৰ ইউএফএল কাপ খিতাপ আৰু এবাৰ ইউএফএল এফএ কাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Azkals star Misagh Bahadoran parts ways with Global Cebu FC|url=https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528052118/https://sports.abs-cbn.com/football/news/2018/01/11/azkals-star-bahadoran-parts-ways-global-cebu-fc-35937|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 28, 2018|access-date=27 May 2018|work=ABS-CBN News|date=11 January 2018}}</ref> পিছলৈ যেতিয়া ক্লাবটোৱে নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গ্ল’বেল চিবু কৰে আৰু ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগলৈ (PFL) উন্নীত হয়, তেতিয়াও তেওঁ এই ক্লাবটোৰ লগতেই আছিল। ===পেৰাক এফএ=== বাহাদোৰানে কেলাণ্টান এফএ-লৈ স্থানান্তৰ হোৱাৰ কথা আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ ২০১৭ চনৰ ২৮ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পেৰাক টিবিজি এফচিৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ray Charlie|title=Former global Cebu captain changes mind|url=http://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/159098/former-global-cebu-captain-changes-mind|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Cebu Daily News|publisher=Philippine Daily News|date=2 January 2018}}</ref> অৱশ্যে পেৰাকৰ মুখ্য প্ৰশিক্ষক মেহমেত দুৰাকোভিচৰ অধীনত কম সময় থকাৰ পিছত ২০১৮ চনৰ মে’ মাহত এই মালয়েছিয়া ছুপাৰ লীগ ক্লাবটোৰ সৈতে বাহাদোৰানৰ চুক্তি বাতিল কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Anil|first1=Nicolas|title=Azkals Misagh Bahadoran axed by Perak after Mehmet loses patience|url=http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|access-date=27 May 2018|work=Fox Sports Asia|date=27 May 2018|archive-date=July 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701222422/http://www.foxsportsasia.com/football/asian-football/malaysia-super-league/892210/philippines-star-misagh-bahadoran-axed-perak-mehmet-loses-patience/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===গ্ল’বেললৈ চুটি প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু মহালিকাত যোগদান=== ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত বাহাদোৰানে ২০২০ ছিজনৰ পূৰ্বে গ্ল’বেল মাকাটি ক্লাব লৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.panaynews.net/pfl-global-makati-spends-big-signs-bahadoran-6-others/|title=PFL: Global Makati spends big, signs Bahadoran, 6 others|date=February 16, 2020|website=Panay News|accessdate=February 1, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁ পূৰ্বে খেলা এই ক্লাবটোক সহায় কৰিবলৈ তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ কম টকাৰ চুক্তি কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁ আৰু আন খেলুৱৈসকলে অদত্ত দৰমহা আৰু ক্লাব পৰিচালনাৰ অনিশ্চয়তাৰ দৰে সমস্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=Matthew |title=Misagh Bahadoran breaks silence on Global fiasco: 'Most embarrassing thing I experienced' |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-breaks-silence-global-fiasco-embarrassing-thing-experienced/187924 |access-date=18 August 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=11 August 2020}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত বাহাদোৰানে মহালিকা ক্লাবৰ হৈ খেলাৰ সম্ভাৱনা ব্যক্ত কৰে, যিটো ক্লাবে ২০২০ ছিজনত পিএফএলত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছিল (যিটো ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰীৰ বাবে পলম হৈছিল)।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tupas |first1=Cedelf |title=Bahadoran sets comeback, joins team with 'mentality of past Azkals players' |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/401156/bahadoran-sets-comeback-joins-team-with-mentality of past azkals players |access-date=18 August 2020 |newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰফালে বাহাদোৰানে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে এই ক্লাবটোলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ১ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত পিএফএলত খেলাৰ বাবে সাময়িক অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Misagh Bahadoran to lead new PFL club Maharlika FC |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/misagh-bahadoran-lead-new-pfl-club-maharlika-fc/188967 |access-date=September 1, 2020 |work=Tiebreaker Times |date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> ===ৱান তাগুইগ=== ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ফুটবল লীগৰ ৱান তাগুইগ ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/football/one-taguig-fc-make-quick-impact-new-pfl-season-kicks-off/ | title=One Taguig FC out to make quick impact as new PFL season kicks off | date=April 6, 2024 }}</ref> ==আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৰ্মজীৱন== ২০০৭ চনত বাহাদোৰানে পোনপ্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ফিলিপাইন দললৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ লাভ কৰিছিল, কিন্তু পঢ়া-শুনাৰ ক্ষতি হ’ব বুলি পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলৰ হৈ খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া নাছিল। ২০১১ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পাছত পিতৃয়ে তেওঁক ফুটবল খেলাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে আৰু তেওঁ পুনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দললৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়।<ref name="abs-cbn close up"/> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৪ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী প্ৰথম পৰ্যায়ৰ খেলৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত দলত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে এই দুই লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ অভিষেক ঘটাবলৈ সুযোগ নাপালে। যেতিয়া ফিলিপাইনে কুৱেইটৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী মেচত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, তেতিয়া তেওঁ প্ৰথম লেগত অভিষেক ঘটায়। এই মেচখনত ফিলিপাইন ৩–০ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধৰ অতিৰিক্ত সময়ৰ দ্বিতীয় মিনিটত তেওঁ এঞ্জেল গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে পথাৰত নামিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112052227/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300159187/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Kuwait v Philippines |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় লেগৰ মেচখনত তেওঁ ৮০সংখ্যক মিনিটত গুইৰাডোৰ স্থানত বিকল্প খেলুৱৈ হিচাপে নামিছিল যদিও ফিলিপাইনক জয়ী কৰাত সফল নহ’ল আৰু দলটো ২–১ ব্যৱধানত পৰাস্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112054217/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/asia/matches/round=257787/match=300165150/report.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |title=Match report: Philippines v Kuwait |work=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |access-date=2011-08-07}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ১১ জুনত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ২০১৮ চনৰ ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ যোগ্যতা অৰ্জনকাৰী দ্বিতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ মেচত বাহৰাইনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–১ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনত তেওঁ প্ৰথমটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ’ল দিয়ে। ইয়াৰ পাঁচ দিন পাছত য়েমেনৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ২–০ ব্যৱধানত জয়লাভ কৰা খেলখনতো তেওঁ ফিলিপাইনৰ হৈ প্ৰথমটো গ’ল দিছিল। == ফুটছল == বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পঢ়া-শুনা ভালদৰে চম্ভালিব পৰাকৈ বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবলৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ফুটছল খেলৰ সৈতেহে বেছি পৰিমাণে জড়িত হৈ পৰিছিল। ২০০৬ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফুটছল দলৰ হৈ খেলিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। == ৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল == ২০১৯ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বাহাদোৰানে মণিলাইস্থিত লাৰো এফচি ক্লাবত যোগদান কৰে। এই ক্লাবটোৱে ‘৭-এ-ছাইড ফুটবল লীগ’ত খেলিছিল, যিখন লীগত এণ্টন ডেল ৰোছাৰিঅ’, ডানিয়েল মাৎছুনাগা, আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ ব’ৰ’মিঅ’ আৰু ছাইমন গ্ৰেটউইচৰ দৰে খেলুৱৈসকলে অংশ লোৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tv5.espn.com/story/_/id/25918453/philam-life-7-football-league-kicks-new-season |title=Philam Life 7's Football League kicks off new season |date=2019-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/03/12/18/manilas-first-7-a-side-league-hopes-to-show-pinoys-football-is-not-hard-to-love |title=Manila's first 7-a-side league hopes to show Pinoys football is not hard to love}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰানে ‘এছিয়া ৭এচ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ’ত ফিলিপাইন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/08/28/2381210/azkals-legacy-continues-asia-7s-championship-stint | title=Azkals legacy continues with Asia 7s Championship stint | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> == ফুটবলৰ বাহিৰেও == === ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন === ২০১৫ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰপৰা বাহাদোৰানে ফিলিপিনো অভিনেত্ৰী তথা মডেল ছেম পিণ্টোৰ সৈতে ডেটিং কৰি আছিল। ২০১৮ চনত এই দম্পতীহালৰ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Medina|first1=Andrei|title=Azkals star has won the heart of FHM's Sexiest Woman Sam Pinto |url=http://www.spin.ph/football/azkals/news/sam-pinto-misagh-bahadoran-relationship|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=spin.ph|date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Viloria|first1=Barry|title=#Relationshipgoals: Azkals' Misagh Bahadoran and Sam Pinto|url=http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417045917/http://sports.abs-cbn.com/sportslifestyle/news/2016/03/23/relationshipgoals-azkals-misagh-bahadoran-sam-pinto-9966|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 17, 2016|access-date=3 April 2016|publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]]|date=23 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=ABS-CBN News|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/10/21/18/the-adventure-begins-with-this-one-sam-pinto-reveals-new-boyfriend | title='The adventure begins with this one': Sam Pinto reveals new boyfriend}}</ref> ২০১৬ চন doৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহলৈকে বাহাদোৰানে ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰত মনোযোগ দিয়াৰ বাবে দন্ত চিকিৎসাৰ অনুশীলন কৰা নাছিল, যদিও তেওঁ ডিচেম্বৰত নিজৰ ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল। একে মাহৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি তেওঁ ‘মেলমেক পেৰী পেৰী এক্সপ্ৰেছ’ নামৰ এটা খাদ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠানো চলাই আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বাহাদোৰান মকাটিত থকা ‘গ্ল’বেল ইলিট ডেণ্টেল ক্লিনিক’ৰ গৰাকী।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.liputan6.com/bola/read/2659284/misagh-bahadoran-dokter-gigi-pembobol-gawang-indonesia |title=Misagh Bahadoran, Dokter Gigi Pembobol Gawang Indonesia |date=2016-11-23}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত বাহাদোৰান আৰু তেওঁৰ ব্যাৱসায়িক অংশীদাৰসকলে বাকোৰত এখন ক্ৰীড়া ষ্টেডিয়াম নিৰ্মাণ কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | title=Villar, Palami partner to erect a state-of-the-art Villar City Stadium for football and other sports | website=BusinessWorld | date=September 29, 2024 | url=https://www.bworldonline.com/sports/2024/09/29/624574/villar-palami-partner-to-erect-a-state-of-the-art-villar-city-stadium-for-football-and-other-sports/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2024/09/28/2388646/villar-city-stadium-soon-host-football-other-sports-matches | title=Villar City Stadium soon to host football, other sports matches | website=The Philippine STAR }}</ref> === পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা === বাহাদোৰানক আমেৰিকাৰ ক্ৰীড়া সামগ্ৰী প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান নাইকীয়ে স্পনচৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fastbreak.com.ph/misagh-bahadoran-reps-ph-football-in-nike-event/ |title=Misagh Bahadoran reps PH football in Nike event |date=2016-08-06}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * {{NFT player|id=44203}} * {{FIFA player|345367}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] 1crnr2qkgcbz9ew002c30rs2zfzwe1h 0 137057 608784 2026-05-26T08:16:34Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=Mahshahr massacre |image= |caption= |partof=the [[2019–2020 Iranian protests]] |location=[[Bandar-e Mahshahr|Mahshahr]], Iran |target= |coordinates= |date=16–20 November 2019 |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA... 608784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=Mahshahr massacre |image= |caption= |partof=the [[2019–2020 Iranian protests]] |location=[[Bandar-e Mahshahr|Mahshahr]], Iran |target= |coordinates= |date=16–20 November 2019 |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=Unknown |perps=[[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ আনুমানিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পিছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০ খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিবেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==Casualties== Initial reports from Mahshahr suggested that over 130 protesters had been killed by security forces in the three days of fighting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> The New York Times report, which was published two weeks after the incident,<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> suggested that between 40 and 100 protesters had been killed in Mahshahr and its suburbs.<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> On 17 December 2019, an anonymous unnamed official from the province of [[Khuzestan Province|Khuzestan]] told IranWire that a total of 148 protesters had lost their lives during five days of protests in Mahshahr.<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== On 25 November, Mohamad Golmordai, Mahshahr representative in the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Iranian parliament]], expressed his anger at the massacre in a speech in parliament that was broadcast on state television. He "screamed", according to The New York Times, "What have you done that the undignified Shah did not do?".<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> On 18 January 2020, the [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] sanctioned Brigadier General Hassan Shahvarpour, as being responsible for the Massacre of Mahshahr.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} h8w2gn5eftwaaazc03xab0ohmiuwsbj 608788 608784 2026-05-26T08:18:57Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড |image= |caption= |partof=২০১৯–২০২০ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদ |location=মাহশ্বহৰ, ইৰাণ |target= |coordinates= |date=১৬–২০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=Unknown |perps=[[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]] |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ আনুমানিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পিছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০ খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিবেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==Casualties== Initial reports from Mahshahr suggested that over 130 protesters had been killed by security forces in the three days of fighting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> The New York Times report, which was published two weeks after the incident,<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> suggested that between 40 and 100 protesters had been killed in Mahshahr and its suburbs.<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> On 17 December 2019, an anonymous unnamed official from the province of [[Khuzestan Province|Khuzestan]] told IranWire that a total of 148 protesters had lost their lives during five days of protests in Mahshahr.<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== On 25 November, Mohamad Golmordai, Mahshahr representative in the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Iranian parliament]], expressed his anger at the massacre in a speech in parliament that was broadcast on state television. He "screamed", according to The New York Times, "What have you done that the undignified Shah did not do?".<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> On 18 January 2020, the [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] sanctioned Brigadier General Hassan Shahvarpour, as being responsible for the Massacre of Mahshahr.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} 95ypgzi62q6anp7n5zmxl9opf8fmcf8 608791 608788 2026-05-26T08:20:10Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড |image= |caption= |partof=২০১৯–২০২০ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদ |location=মাহশ্বহৰ, ইৰাণ |target= |coordinates= |date=১৬–২০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=অজ্ঞাত |perps=ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ আনুমানিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পিছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০ খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিবেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==Casualties== Initial reports from Mahshahr suggested that over 130 protesters had been killed by security forces in the three days of fighting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> The New York Times report, which was published two weeks after the incident,<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> suggested that between 40 and 100 protesters had been killed in Mahshahr and its suburbs.<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> On 17 December 2019, an anonymous unnamed official from the province of [[Khuzestan Province|Khuzestan]] told IranWire that a total of 148 protesters had lost their lives during five days of protests in Mahshahr.<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== On 25 November, Mohamad Golmordai, Mahshahr representative in the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Iranian parliament]], expressed his anger at the massacre in a speech in parliament that was broadcast on state television. He "screamed", according to The New York Times, "What have you done that the undignified Shah did not do?".<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> On 18 January 2020, the [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] sanctioned Brigadier General Hassan Shahvarpour, as being responsible for the Massacre of Mahshahr.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} 88jtjj16jez8d6hejhjyz4btz8rujvu 608797 608791 2026-05-26T08:23:15Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* Casualties */ 608797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড |image= |caption= |partof=২০১৯–২০২০ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদ |location=মাহশ্বহৰ, ইৰাণ |target= |coordinates= |date=১৬–২০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=অজ্ঞাত |perps=ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ আনুমানিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পিছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০ খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিবেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==মৃত্যু== মাহশ্বহৰৰ পৰা পোৱা প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰতিবেদন অনুসৰি তিনিদিনীয়া সংঘৰ্ষৰ সময়ত ১৩০ জনতকৈ অধিক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীয়ে নিহত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> এই কাণ্ডৰ দুসপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰকাশিত নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ এক প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে মাহশ্বহৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলত ৪০ৰ পৰা ১০০ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰী নিহত হৈছে।<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৭ ডিচেম্বৰত খুজেস্তান প্ৰদেশৰ এজন নাম প্ৰকাশ নকৰা বিষয়াই ইৰাণৱায়াৰক জনাইছিল যে মাহশ্বহৰত ৫ দিনীয়া প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ছোৱাত মুঠ ১৪৮ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মৃত্যু হৈছে। ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== On 25 November, Mohamad Golmordai, Mahshahr representative in the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Iranian parliament]], expressed his anger at the massacre in a speech in parliament that was broadcast on state television. He "screamed", according to The New York Times, "What have you done that the undignified Shah did not do?".<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> On 18 January 2020, the [[United States Department of State|U.S. State Department]] sanctioned Brigadier General Hassan Shahvarpour, as being responsible for the Massacre of Mahshahr.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} le20icyt1o8pmwwm9iwpp1o9l2s9x99 608799 608797 2026-05-26T08:25:37Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* পাছৰ পৰিণতি */ 608799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড |image= |caption= |partof=২০১৯–২০২০ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদ |location=মাহশ্বহৰ, ইৰাণ |target= |coordinates= |date=১৬–২০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=অজ্ঞাত |perps=ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ আনুমানিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পিছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০ খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিবেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==মৃত্যু== মাহশ্বহৰৰ পৰা পোৱা প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰতিবেদন অনুসৰি তিনিদিনীয়া সংঘৰ্ষৰ সময়ত ১৩০ জনতকৈ অধিক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীয়ে নিহত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> এই কাণ্ডৰ দুসপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰকাশিত নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ এক প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে মাহশ্বহৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলত ৪০ৰ পৰা ১০০ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰী নিহত হৈছে।<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৭ ডিচেম্বৰত খুজেস্তান প্ৰদেশৰ এজন নাম প্ৰকাশ নকৰা বিষয়াই ইৰাণৱায়াৰক জনাইছিল যে মাহশ্বহৰত ৫ দিনীয়া প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ছোৱাত মুঠ ১৪৮ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মৃত্যু হৈছে। ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== On 25 November, Mohamad Golmordai, Mahshahr representative in the [[Islamic Consultative Assembly|Iranian parliament]], expressed his anger at the massacre in a speech in parliament that was broadcast on state television. He "screamed", according to The New York Times, "What have you done that the undignified Shah did not do?".<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ২৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণৰ সংসদত মাহশ্বহৰৰ প্ৰতিনিধি মহম্মদ গোলমৰ্ডাইয়ে ৰাজ্যিক টেলিভিছনত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত ভাষণত এই হত্যাকাণ্ডক লৈ ক্ষোভ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে তেওঁ "চিঞৰিছিল," "আপুনি কি কৰিলে যিটো লজ্জাজনক শ্বাহে কৰা নাছিল?"<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ২০২০ চনৰ ১৮ জানুৱাৰীত আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰালয়ে ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল হাছান শ্বাহভাৰপুৰক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডৰ বাবে জগৰীয়া কৰি নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} g893z51d55lrtzxv8o3v449w6wa817s 608800 608799 2026-05-26T08:25:54Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 /* পাছৰ পৰিণতি */ 608800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড |image= |caption= |partof=২০১৯–২০২০ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদ |location=মাহশ্বহৰ, ইৰাণ |target= |coordinates= |date=১৬–২০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=অজ্ঞাত |perps=ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ আনুমানিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পিছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০ খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিবেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==মৃত্যু== মাহশ্বহৰৰ পৰা পোৱা প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰতিবেদন অনুসৰি তিনিদিনীয়া সংঘৰ্ষৰ সময়ত ১৩০ জনতকৈ অধিক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীয়ে নিহত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> এই কাণ্ডৰ দুসপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰকাশিত নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ এক প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে মাহশ্বহৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলত ৪০ৰ পৰা ১০০ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰী নিহত হৈছে।<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৭ ডিচেম্বৰত খুজেস্তান প্ৰদেশৰ এজন নাম প্ৰকাশ নকৰা বিষয়াই ইৰাণৱায়াৰক জনাইছিল যে মাহশ্বহৰত ৫ দিনীয়া প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ছোৱাত মুঠ ১৪৮ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মৃত্যু হৈছে। ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== ২৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণৰ সংসদত মাহশ্বহৰৰ প্ৰতিনিধি মহম্মদ গোলমৰ্ডাইয়ে ৰাজ্যিক টেলিভিছনত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত ভাষণত এই হত্যাকাণ্ডক লৈ ক্ষোভ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে তেওঁ "চিঞৰিছিল," "আপুনি কি কৰিলে যিটো লজ্জাজনক শ্বাহে কৰা নাছিল?"<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ২০২০ চনৰ ১৮ জানুৱাৰীত আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰালয়ে ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল হাছান শ্বাহভাৰপুৰক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডৰ বাবে জগৰীয়া কৰি নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} itldov1lnijwble6lw60zx6zv8y0yjg 608801 608800 2026-05-26T08:26:17Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:প্ৰতিবাদ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড |image= |caption= |partof=২০১৯–২০২০ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদ |location=মাহশ্বহৰ, ইৰাণ |target= |coordinates= |date=১৬–২০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=অজ্ঞাত |perps=ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ আনুমানিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পিছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০ খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিবেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==মৃত্যু== মাহশ্বহৰৰ পৰা পোৱা প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰতিবেদন অনুসৰি তিনিদিনীয়া সংঘৰ্ষৰ সময়ত ১৩০ জনতকৈ অধিক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীয়ে নিহত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> এই কাণ্ডৰ দুসপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰকাশিত নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ এক প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে মাহশ্বহৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলত ৪০ৰ পৰা ১০০ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰী নিহত হৈছে।<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৭ ডিচেম্বৰত খুজেস্তান প্ৰদেশৰ এজন নাম প্ৰকাশ নকৰা বিষয়াই ইৰাণৱায়াৰক জনাইছিল যে মাহশ্বহৰত ৫ দিনীয়া প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ছোৱাত মুঠ ১৪৮ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মৃত্যু হৈছে। ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== ২৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণৰ সংসদত মাহশ্বহৰৰ প্ৰতিনিধি মহম্মদ গোলমৰ্ডাইয়ে ৰাজ্যিক টেলিভিছনত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত ভাষণত এই হত্যাকাণ্ডক লৈ ক্ষোভ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে তেওঁ "চিঞৰিছিল," "আপুনি কি কৰিলে যিটো লজ্জাজনক শ্বাহে কৰা নাছিল?"<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ২০২০ চনৰ ১৮ জানুৱাৰীত আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰালয়ে ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল হাছান শ্বাহভাৰপুৰক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডৰ বাবে জগৰীয়া কৰি নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} [[শ্ৰেণী:প্ৰতিবাদ]] 9cmlb6wa2xpsozsgfws34bhkw0cyzxs 608802 608801 2026-05-26T08:26:30Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 removed [[Category:প্ৰতিবাদ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড |image= |caption= |partof=২০১৯–২০২০ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদ |location=মাহশ্বহৰ, ইৰাণ |target= |coordinates= |date=১৬–২০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=অজ্ঞাত |perps=ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ আনুমানিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পিছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০ খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিবেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==মৃত্যু== মাহশ্বহৰৰ পৰা পোৱা প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰতিবেদন অনুসৰি তিনিদিনীয়া সংঘৰ্ষৰ সময়ত ১৩০ জনতকৈ অধিক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীয়ে নিহত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> এই কাণ্ডৰ দুসপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰকাশিত নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ এক প্ৰতিবেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে মাহশ্বহৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলত ৪০ৰ পৰা ১০০ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰী নিহত হৈছে।<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৭ ডিচেম্বৰত খুজেস্তান প্ৰদেশৰ এজন নাম প্ৰকাশ নকৰা বিষয়াই ইৰাণৱায়াৰক জনাইছিল যে মাহশ্বহৰত ৫ দিনীয়া প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ছোৱাত মুঠ ১৪৮ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মৃত্যু হৈছে। ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== ২৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণৰ সংসদত মাহশ্বহৰৰ প্ৰতিনিধি মহম্মদ গোলমৰ্ডাইয়ে ৰাজ্যিক টেলিভিছনত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত ভাষণত এই হত্যাকাণ্ডক লৈ ক্ষোভ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে তেওঁ "চিঞৰিছিল," "আপুনি কি কৰিলে যিটো লজ্জাজনক শ্বাহে কৰা নাছিল?"<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ২০২০ চনৰ ১৮ জানুৱাৰীত আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰালয়ে ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল হাছান শ্বাহভাৰপুৰক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডৰ বাবে জগৰীয়া কৰি নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} itldov1lnijwble6lw60zx6zv8y0yjg 608803 608802 2026-05-26T08:26:42Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড |image= |caption= |partof=২০১৯–২০২০ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদ |location=মাহশ্বহৰ, ইৰাণ |target= |coordinates= |date=১৬–২০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=অজ্ঞাত |perps=ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰপৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ অনুমাণিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পাছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিৱেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==মৃত্যু== মাহশ্বহৰৰপৰা পোৱা প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি তিনিদিনীয়া সংঘৰ্ষৰ সময়ত ১৩০ জনতকৈ অধিক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীয়ে নিহত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> এই কাণ্ডৰ দুসপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰকাশিত নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে মাহশ্বহৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলত ৪০ৰপৰা ১০০ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰী নিহত হৈছে।<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৭ ডিচেম্বৰত খোজেস্তান প্ৰদেশৰ এজন নাম প্ৰকাশ নকৰা বিষয়াই ইৰাণৱায়াৰক জনাইছিল যে মাহশ্বহৰত ৫ দিনীয়া প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ছোৱাত মুঠ ১৪৮ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মৃত্যু হৈছে। ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== ২৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণৰ সংসদত মাহশ্বহৰৰ প্ৰতিনিধি মহম্মদ গোলমৰ্ডায়ে ৰাজ্যিক টেলিভিছনত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত ভাষণত এই হত্যাকাণ্ডক লৈ ক্ষোভ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে তেওঁ "চিঞৰিছিল," "আপুনি কি কৰিলে যিটো লজ্জাজনক শ্বাহে কৰা নাছিল?"<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ২০২০ চনৰ ১৮ জানুৱাৰীত আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ে ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল হাছান শ্বাহভাৰপুৰক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডৰ বাবে জগৰীয়া কৰি নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} ga1jhpa2yq5b2fnj0tbxfqosigsq8xl 608804 608803 2026-05-26T08:26:55Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 added [[Category:ইৰান]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Massacre in Mahsharh, Iran in November 2019}} {{Infobox civilian attack |title=মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড |image= |caption= |partof=২০১৯–২০২০ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদ |location=মাহশ্বহৰ, ইৰাণ |target= |coordinates= |date=১৬–২০ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৯ |time= |timezone= |type= |fatalities= 40–148<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="iranintl">{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=December 3, 2019|website=ایران اینترنشنال|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202201358/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> |injuries=অজ্ঞাত |perps=ইছলামিক ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ড কৰ্পছ |motive= }} '''মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড ({{lang-en|Mahshahr massacre}})''' হৈছে ২০১৯–২০২০ চনৰ ইৰাণৰ প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ত ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰপৰা ২০ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত ইৰাণৰ মাহশ্বহৰ চহৰত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক কৰা গণহত্যাক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ড বুলি কোৱা হয়। <ref name="iranintl"/> এই গণহত্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ অনুমাণিক হিচাপ ৪০<ref name=timesofisrael/> আৰু ১৪৮ৰ ভিতৰত। <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==পটভূমি== ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণত চৰকাৰে গেছলিনৰ মূল্য হঠাতে বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰাৰ পাছত প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশৰ ১০০খনতকৈও অধিক চহৰলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। অতি সোনকালেই এই প্ৰতিবাদৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ ঘটি উচ্চতম নেতা আলী খেমেনীয়ে আৰু শাসকীয় চৰকাৰৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ সাব্যস্ত হয়।<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|title=Iran's Protests Are Not Just About Gas Prices|date=December 5, 2019|via=www.foreignaffairs.com|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206004241/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/iran/2019-12-05/irans-protests-are-not-just-about-gas-prices|url-status=live|last1=Kadivar |first1=Mohammad Ali |last2=Khani |first2=Saber |last3=Sotoudeh |first3=Abolfazl }}</ref> ১৬ নৱেম্বৰত চৰকাৰে দেশৰ ভিতৰত ইণ্টাৰনেট সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে, যাৰ ফলত সবিশেষৰ প্ৰতিৱেদন দিয়াটো প্ৰায় অসম্ভৱ হৈ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|title=شاهدان عینی در ماهشهر؛ با دوشکا و تیربار به روی مردم آتش گشودند|website=IranWire &#124; خانه|access-date=2019-12-06|archive-date=2019-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204104437/https://iranwire.com/fa/features/34517|url-status=live}}</ref> ==গণহত্যা== "নৱেম্বৰৰ মাজভাগত মাহশ্বহৰত প্ৰথম কেইদিনমানৰ বিক্ষোভৰ সময়ত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে চহৰখনৰ এটা বৃহৎ অংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ তথা দখল কৰে।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ১৬ আৰু ১৭ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনী আৰু প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হয় আৰু ১৬ আৰু ১৮ নৱেম্বৰৰ ভিতৰত সৰ্বানন্দৰ আৰু জৰাহীৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বিক্ষোভ দমনৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হয়।<ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre"/> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছে বাসিন্দাসকলৰ সৈতে হোৱা সাক্ষাৎকাৰৰ ভিত্তিত (যিখন চিকিৎসালয়ৰ এগৰাকী সাংবাদিক আৰু এগৰাকী নাৰ্ছকে ধৰি য’ত এই দমন অভিযানত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল) প্ৰকাশ কৰা অনুসৰি ১৮ নৱেম্বৰত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ এটা বৃহৎ দল আহিছিল। কেইবাজনক হত্যা কৰা হয়। প্ৰাথমিক গুলীচালনাৰ স্থানৰ সমীপৰ এটা জলাশয়ত সমবেত হয় আন আন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলো একগোট হয়। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, এজন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীয়ে "হঠাৎ এ কে-৪৭ লৈ সজ্জিত"ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ ওপৰত গুলীচালনা কৰে। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৰ চৰকাৰী সংবাদ মাধ্যমে এই কাণ্ডৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক “অৰ্ধগধুৰ অস্ত্ৰৰে সজ্জিত” বিচ্ছিন্নতাবাদী গোট” বুলি অভিহিত কৰে। <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|title=Iranian Port City Bears Brunt of Crackdown|date=December 5, 2019|website=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies|access-date=December 6, 2019|archive-date=December 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206110150/https://besacenter.org/perspectives-papers/bandar-mahshahr-crackdown/|url-status=live}}</ref> ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডে তৎক্ষণাত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীসকলক জলাশয়ত ঘেৰি ধৰি মেচিনগান আৰু টহলদাৰী দলত লগোৱা ডি এছ এইচ কেৰে গুলীচালনা কৰে আৰু ১০০ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> গাৰ্ডে মৃতকসকলক "ট্ৰাক"ত লৈ লৈ যায় আৰু গুচি যায়, আনহাতে জীৱিতসকলৰ পৰিয়ালে তেওঁলোকক মেমকো হাস্পতাললৈ লৈ যায়। <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ইৰাণৱায়াৰৰ মতে, ইয়াৰ লগত জড়িত নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীৰ কিছুমান সদস্য নিহত হয়। দ্বিতীয়টো মাৰাত্মক ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয় ১৯ নৱেম্বৰত মাহশ্বহৰৰ শ্বাহৰাক তালেঘানী জিলাত, য’ত ৰিভল্যুচনেৰী গাৰ্ডৰ টেংকে স্থানীয় আৰব গোটৰ ওপৰত কেইবা ঘণ্টা ধৰি গুলীচালনা কৰে। নিহত হ’ল গাৰ্ডছৰ এজন জ্যেষ্ঠ অধিনায়ক। এগৰাকী নাৰ্চে দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছক জনোৱা মতে, যুদ্ধত আহতসকলৰ চিকিৎসা কৰিছিল আৰু বেছিভাগৰে মূৰ আৰু বুকুত গুলীৰ আঘাত আছিল। আহত প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ কিছুমানক চিকিৎসালয়ত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ==মৃত্যু== মাহশ্বহৰৰপৰা পোৱা প্ৰাৰম্ভিক প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি তিনিদিনীয়া সংঘৰ্ষৰ সময়ত ১৩০ জনতকৈ অধিক প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীক নিৰাপত্তা বাহিনীয়ে নিহত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|title=تایید کشتار معترضان در نیزارهای ماهشهر از سوی دو مقام رسمی|date=2019-12-03|website=ایران اینترنشنال|language=fa|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2020-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717011404/https://iranintl.com/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C|url-status=live}}</ref> এই কাণ্ডৰ দুসপ্তাহৰ পিছত প্ৰকাশিত নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদনত কোৱা হৈছে যে মাহশ্বহৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলত ৪০ৰপৰা ১০০ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰী নিহত হৈছে।<ref name=timesofisrael>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|title=During protests, Iran Guards said to massacre up to 100 people hiding in marsh|last1=staff|first1=T. O. I.|last2=Agencies|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-25|archive-date=2019-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209203413/https://www.timesofisrael.com/during-protests-iran-guards-said-to-massacre-up-to-100-people-hiding-in-marsh/|url-status=live |issn=0040-7909}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৭ ডিচেম্বৰত খোজেস্তান প্ৰদেশৰ এজন নাম প্ৰকাশ নকৰা বিষয়াই ইৰাণৱায়াৰক জনাইছিল যে মাহশ্বহৰত ৫ দিনীয়া প্ৰতিবাদৰ সময়ছোৱাত মুঠ ১৪৮ জন প্ৰতিবাদকাৰীৰ মৃত্যু হৈছে। ==পাছৰ পৰিণতি== ২৫ নৱেম্বৰত ইৰাণৰ সংসদত মাহশ্বহৰৰ প্ৰতিনিধি মহম্মদ গোলমৰ্ডায়ে ৰাজ্যিক টেলিভিছনত সম্প্ৰচাৰিত ভাষণত এই হত্যাকাণ্ডক লৈ ক্ষোভ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে তেওঁ "চিঞৰিছিল," "আপুনি কি কৰিলে যিটো লজ্জাজনক শ্বাহে কৰা নাছিল?"<ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre"/> ২০২০ চনৰ ১৮ জানুৱাৰীত আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ে ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ জেনেৰেল হাছান শ্বাহভাৰপুৰক মাহশ্বহৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডৰ বাবে জগৰীয়া কৰি নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|title=U.S. sanctions Iranian commander over Mahshahr killings|website=Reuters|date=18 January 2020|access-date=19 January 2020|archive-date=19 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119222610/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-iran-sanctions/us-sanctions-iranian-commander-over-mahshahr-killings-idUSKBN1ZH0LM|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="IranWire_148_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|title=148 Killed in Mahshahr During November Protests|trans-title=<!--trans-title is the English translation-->|date=2019-12-17|newspaper=IranWire|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|accessdate=2020-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218014806/https://iranwire.com/en/features/6563|archivedate=2019-12-18|url-status=live<!--live|dead|unfit|usurped-->|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Mahshahr_massacre">{{cite news|last1=Gladstone|first1=Rick|last2=Fassihi|first2=Farnaz|title=With Brutal Crackdown, Iran Convulsed by Worst Unrest in 40 Years|date=2019-12-01|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|accessdate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20191201213740/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/01/world/middleeast/iran-protests-deaths.html|archivedate=2019-12-01|url-status=live|url-access=<!--(subscription/registration/limited) default=free-->}}</ref> <ref name="WP_Mahshahr_massacre">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|title=Iran finally admits it shot and killed 'rioters.' But it still won't say how many people died in last month's protests.|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20200222211834/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/12/03/iran-finally-admits-it-shot-killed-rioters-it-still-wont-say-how-many-people-died-last-months-protests/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=live|access-date=2019-12-06}}</ref> }} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰান]] 1a6w234pzbquajzmpdm10ugg88imj4b 0 137058 608818 2026-05-26T09:12:26Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox person | name = হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী | native_name = حمیده خیر آبادی | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hamideh Kheirabadi 1970s.jpg | image_upright = 0.9 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1924|12|21|df=y}} | birth_place = ৰাষ্ট, [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2010|4|19|1924|12|21|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]],ইৰ... 608818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী | native_name = حمیده خیر آبادی | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hamideh Kheirabadi 1970s.jpg | image_upright = 0.9 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1924|12|21|df=y}} | birth_place = ৰাষ্ট, [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2010|4|19|1924|12|21|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]],[[ইৰান]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জহ্ৰা কবৰস্থান | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = 1953–2010 | spouse = আলী কাছেমী | children = চৰায়া কাছেমী }} '''হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী''' (জন্ম ২১ ডিচেম্বৰ, ১৯২৪ – মৃত্যু ১৯ এপ্ৰিল, ২০১০) আছিল এগৰাকী ইৰানী চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু থিয়েটাৰ অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ ২০০তকৈও অধিক পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু ২০টাতকৈও অধিক দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ইৰানত তেওঁক মৰমেৰে ''নাদেৰেহ'' আৰু ''ইৰানী চিনেমাৰ মাতৃ'' বুলি সম্বোধন কৰা হয়। == জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ জন্ম ইৰানৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশৰ ৰাজধানী ৰাষ্টত হৈছিল। মাত্ৰ ১৩ বছৰ বয়সতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হ’লেও তেওঁ পঢ়া-শুনা চলাই গৈছিল আৰু মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষাও সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিছিল। ১৯৫০ চনৰ মাজভাগত তেওঁ স্বামীৰ সৈতে বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছৰে পৰা কন্যা চৰায়া কাছেমীৰ সৈতে বাস কৰিবলৈ লয়। খেইৰাবাদীৰ অভিনয় জীৱন ১৯৪৭ চনত থিয়েটাৰৰ জৰিয়তে আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীয়ে ইৰানৰ বহু কেইগৰাকী প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ পৰিচালক যেনে আলী হাতামী, দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই, মাছূদ কিমিয়ায়ী, মহছেন মাখমালবাফ, চিৰুছ আলভান্দ, চিৰুছ মোগাদ্দাম আৰু তাহমিনেহ মিলানিৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁ তিনিবাৰকৈ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। ২০০৮ চনৰ ৫ জানুৱাৰীত তেহৰাণৰ আৰিকেহ-ই ইৰানিয়ান হলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ইৰানৰ দ্বিতীয় ‘স্ক্ৰীন এক্টৰ্ছ চেলিব্ৰেশ্যন’ত খেইৰাবাদীক লাইফটাইম এচিভমেণ্ট বঁটাৰে সন্মানিত কৰা হয়।<ref>''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, Wednesday 21 April 2010: [http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=218004].</ref> [[File:Hamide Kheyrabadi with Soraya Ghasemi.jpg|thumb|কন্যা চৰায়া আৰু নাতিনীয়েক পাৰমিদাৰ সৈতে খেইৰাবাদী]] প্ৰকাশিত তথ্য অনুসৰি, অভিনয়ৰ পৰা ছয় বছৰ আঁতৰি থকাৰ পিছত ২০১০ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত আবুলহছান দাভৌদীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''জমিন-ই এনছান-হা'' নামৰ ধাৰাবাহিক এখনত নিজৰ চৰিত্ৰতে অভিনয় কৰি খেইৰাবাদীয়ে পুনৰ কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখলৈ অহাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>''The sadness as intensive as the ingenious smiles of the mother of the Iranian cinema'', in Persian, Khabar Online, Tuesday 20 April 2010: {{cite web |url=http://www.khabaronline.ir/news-56346.aspx |title=اندوهی به ابعاد گرمای لبخند صمیمانه مادر سینمای ایران |accessdate=20 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422203442/http://www.khabaronline.ir/news-56346.aspx |archivedate=22 April 2010 }}.</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ ১৯ এপ্ৰিল সোমবাৰে নিশা তেহৰাণৰ নিজা বাসগৃহত ৮৬ বছৰ বয়সত হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ মৃত্যু হয়। তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কাৰণ মগজুৰ ষ্ট্ৰোক বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে।<ref>''The sadness as intensive as the ingenious smiles of the mother of the Iranian cinema'', ''ibid''.</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ ২০ এপ্ৰিল মঙলবাৰে তেহৰাণৰ বেহেষ্ট-ই জহ্ৰা কবৰস্থানৰ ৬৬ নম্বৰ খণ্ডত তেওঁক সমাধিস্থ কৰা হয়।<ref>Section 66 is not The Artists' Section of Behesht-e Zahra Cemetery where normally artists are buried. According to the ''Tehran Times'' (Wednesday, 21 April 2010), this was in conformity with Kheirabadi's own wish to be buried next to the graves of her departed family members. See: ''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, ''ibid''.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.payvand.com/news/10/apr/1194.html|title= Mother of Iranian cinema Kheirabadi dies at 86|date= 20 April 2010|newspaper= Tehran Times|accessdate= 28 October 2017|archive-date= 15 January 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200115014621/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/apr/1194.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> == নিৰ্বাচিত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ এক বিস্তৃত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী গিলাকী ৱিকিপিডিয়াত পোৱা যায়।<ref>''Hamideh Kheirābādi'', ''Gilaki Wikipedia''.</ref> বৰ্তমান ইয়াৰ তুলনাত কম বিস্তৃত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী এখন ফাৰ্চী ৱিকিপিডিয়াতো উপলব্ধ।<ref>''Hamideh Kheirābādi'', ''Persian Wikipedia''.</ref> তলত কেৱল তেওঁৰ নিৰ্বাচিত কিছুমান চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু ধাৰাবাহিকৰ তালিকা দিয়া হ’ল। === পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ === * ''আমিৰ আৰছালান-ই নামদাৰ'', ১৯৫৫, পৰিচালনা: শ্বাপুৰ ইয়াছামী * ''আলমাছ ৩৩'', ১৯৬৭, পৰিচালনা: দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''ৰেজা মটৰচাইক্লিষ্ট'' (Reza Motori), ১৯৭০, পৰিচালনা: মাছূদ কিমিয়ায়ী * ''উড পিজন'' (Toghi), ১৯৭০, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''বাবা শামাল'', ১৯৭১, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''মেহদী ইন ব্লেক এণ্ড হট মিনি পেণ্টছ'', ১৯৭২ * ''শাব-ই আফতাবী'', ১৯৭৭, পৰিচালনা: চিৰুছ আলভান্দ * ''দ্য টেনাণ্টছ'' (Ejāreh-neshin-hā), ১৯৮৬, পৰিচালনা: দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''মাদাৰ'', ১৯৮৯, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''দ্য চিলড্ৰেন অৱ ডিভোৰ্চ'', ১৯৮৯, পৰিচালনা: তাহমিনেহ মিলানি * ''বানো'', ১৯৯১, পৰিচালনা: داৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''দ্য এক্টৰ'', ১৯৯২, পৰিচালনা: মহছেন মাখমালবাফ * ''দ্য বাৰ্থডে-ছং'', ২০০৪, পৰিচালনা: আলী গাৱিতান === দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিক === * ''পেদৰ ছালাৰ'', ১৯৯৩, পৰিচালনা: আকবৰ খাজাৱী * ''দ্য গ্ৰীণ হোম'', ১৯৯৬, পৰিচালনা: বিজন বীৰং আৰু মাছূদ ৰাছাম {{clear}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== 1qfhw1e5l1t25j81p478v3lly0su1mc 608819 608818 2026-05-26T09:14:02Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* বাহ্যিক সংযোগ */ 608819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী | native_name = حمیده خیر آبادی | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hamideh Kheirabadi 1970s.jpg | image_upright = 0.9 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1924|12|21|df=y}} | birth_place = ৰাষ্ট, [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2010|4|19|1924|12|21|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]],[[ইৰান]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জহ্ৰা কবৰস্থান | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = 1953–2010 | spouse = আলী কাছেমী | children = চৰায়া কাছেমী }} '''হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী''' (জন্ম ২১ ডিচেম্বৰ, ১৯২৪ – মৃত্যু ১৯ এপ্ৰিল, ২০১০) আছিল এগৰাকী ইৰানী চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু থিয়েটাৰ অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ ২০০তকৈও অধিক পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু ২০টাতকৈও অধিক দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ইৰানত তেওঁক মৰমেৰে ''নাদেৰেহ'' আৰু ''ইৰানী চিনেমাৰ মাতৃ'' বুলি সম্বোধন কৰা হয়। == জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ জন্ম ইৰানৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশৰ ৰাজধানী ৰাষ্টত হৈছিল। মাত্ৰ ১৩ বছৰ বয়সতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হ’লেও তেওঁ পঢ়া-শুনা চলাই গৈছিল আৰু মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষাও সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিছিল। ১৯৫০ চনৰ মাজভাগত তেওঁ স্বামীৰ সৈতে বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছৰে পৰা কন্যা চৰায়া কাছেমীৰ সৈতে বাস কৰিবলৈ লয়। খেইৰাবাদীৰ অভিনয় জীৱন ১৯৪৭ চনত থিয়েটাৰৰ জৰিয়তে আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীয়ে ইৰানৰ বহু কেইগৰাকী প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ পৰিচালক যেনে আলী হাতামী, দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই, মাছূদ কিমিয়ায়ী, মহছেন মাখমালবাফ, চিৰুছ আলভান্দ, চিৰুছ মোগাদ্দাম আৰু তাহমিনেহ মিলানিৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁ তিনিবাৰকৈ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। ২০০৮ চনৰ ৫ জানুৱাৰীত তেহৰাণৰ আৰিকেহ-ই ইৰানিয়ান হলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ইৰানৰ দ্বিতীয় ‘স্ক্ৰীন এক্টৰ্ছ চেলিব্ৰেশ্যন’ত খেইৰাবাদীক লাইফটাইম এচিভমেণ্ট বঁটাৰে সন্মানিত কৰা হয়।<ref>''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, Wednesday 21 April 2010: [http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=218004].</ref> [[File:Hamide Kheyrabadi with Soraya Ghasemi.jpg|thumb|কন্যা চৰায়া আৰু নাতিনীয়েক পাৰমিদাৰ সৈতে খেইৰাবাদী]] প্ৰকাশিত তথ্য অনুসৰি, অভিনয়ৰ পৰা ছয় বছৰ আঁতৰি থকাৰ পিছত ২০১০ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত আবুলহছান দাভৌদীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''জমিন-ই এনছান-হা'' নামৰ ধাৰাবাহিক এখনত নিজৰ চৰিত্ৰতে অভিনয় কৰি খেইৰাবাদীয়ে পুনৰ কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখলৈ অহাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>''The sadness as intensive as the ingenious smiles of the mother of the Iranian cinema'', in Persian, Khabar Online, Tuesday 20 April 2010: {{cite web |url=http://www.khabaronline.ir/news-56346.aspx |title=اندوهی به ابعاد گرمای لبخند صمیمانه مادر سینمای ایران |accessdate=20 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422203442/http://www.khabaronline.ir/news-56346.aspx |archivedate=22 April 2010 }}.</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ ১৯ এপ্ৰিল সোমবাৰে নিশা তেহৰাণৰ নিজা বাসগৃহত ৮৬ বছৰ বয়সত হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ মৃত্যু হয়। তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কাৰণ মগজুৰ ষ্ট্ৰোক বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে।<ref>''The sadness as intensive as the ingenious smiles of the mother of the Iranian cinema'', ''ibid''.</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ ২০ এপ্ৰিল মঙলবাৰে তেহৰাণৰ বেহেষ্ট-ই জহ্ৰা কবৰস্থানৰ ৬৬ নম্বৰ খণ্ডত তেওঁক সমাধিস্থ কৰা হয়।<ref>Section 66 is not The Artists' Section of Behesht-e Zahra Cemetery where normally artists are buried. According to the ''Tehran Times'' (Wednesday, 21 April 2010), this was in conformity with Kheirabadi's own wish to be buried next to the graves of her departed family members. See: ''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, ''ibid''.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.payvand.com/news/10/apr/1194.html|title= Mother of Iranian cinema Kheirabadi dies at 86|date= 20 April 2010|newspaper= Tehran Times|accessdate= 28 October 2017|archive-date= 15 January 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200115014621/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/apr/1194.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> == নিৰ্বাচিত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ এক বিস্তৃত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী গিলাকী ৱিকিপিডিয়াত পোৱা যায়।<ref>''Hamideh Kheirābādi'', ''Gilaki Wikipedia''.</ref> বৰ্তমান ইয়াৰ তুলনাত কম বিস্তৃত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী এখন ফাৰ্চী ৱিকিপিডিয়াতো উপলব্ধ।<ref>''Hamideh Kheirābādi'', ''Persian Wikipedia''.</ref> তলত কেৱল তেওঁৰ নিৰ্বাচিত কিছুমান চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু ধাৰাবাহিকৰ তালিকা দিয়া হ’ল। === পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ === * ''আমিৰ আৰছালান-ই নামদাৰ'', ১৯৫৫, পৰিচালনা: শ্বাপুৰ ইয়াছামী * ''আলমাছ ৩৩'', ১৯৬৭, পৰিচালনা: দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''ৰেজা মটৰচাইক্লিষ্ট'' (Reza Motori), ১৯৭০, পৰিচালনা: মাছূদ কিমিয়ায়ী * ''উড পিজন'' (Toghi), ১৯৭০, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''বাবা শামাল'', ১৯৭১, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''মেহদী ইন ব্লেক এণ্ড হট মিনি পেণ্টছ'', ১৯৭২ * ''শাব-ই আফতাবী'', ১৯৭৭, পৰিচালনা: চিৰুছ আলভান্দ * ''দ্য টেনাণ্টছ'' (Ejāreh-neshin-hā), ১৯৮৬, পৰিচালনা: দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''মাদাৰ'', ১৯৮৯, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''দ্য চিলড্ৰেন অৱ ডিভোৰ্চ'', ১৯৮৯, পৰিচালনা: তাহমিনেহ মিলানি * ''বানো'', ১৯৯১, পৰিচালনা: داৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''দ্য এক্টৰ'', ১৯৯২, পৰিচালনা: মহছেন মাখমালবাফ * ''দ্য বাৰ্থডে-ছং'', ২০০৪, পৰিচালনা: আলী গাৱিতান === দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিক === * ''পেদৰ ছালাৰ'', ১৯৯৩, পৰিচালনা: আকবৰ খাজাৱী * ''দ্য গ্ৰীণ হোম'', ১৯৯৬, পৰিচালনা: বিজন বীৰং আৰু মাছূদ ৰাছাম {{clear}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722014800/http://www.irancinema.ir/biography/?ac=to&co=616&se= Filmography at irancinema.ir] * {{IMDb name|0451571|Hamideh Kheirabadi}} * ''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, Wednesday 21 April 2010: [http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=218004]. * Some photographs, published by [[Iranian Students' News Agency]], ISNA, taken in Behesht-e Zahra cemetery on Tuesday 20 April 2010: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114422/http://isna.ir/ISNA/PicView.aspx?Pic=Pic-1522903-1&Lang=P (1)], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114427/http://isna.ir/ISNA/PicView.aspx?Pic=Pic-1522903-2&Lang=P (2)], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114433/http://isna.ir/ISNA/PicView.aspx?Pic=Pic-1522903-3&Lang=P (3)]. Photograph (1) shows the graveside immediately after the burial. Photograph (2) shows Sorayyā Ghāsemi (r) in conversation with [[Ali Nasirian]] (l); the person in the middle is not identified. Photograph (3) shows the graveside of Ms Hamideh Kheirābādi, with Ali Nasirian sitting on the right. * A photo-reportage, by [[Fars News Agency]], of the memorial service of Ms Hamideh Kheirābādi, held in ''Vali-yye Asr Mosque'' in Tehran, on Thursday 22 April 2010: [http://www.mehrnews.com/fa/newsdetail.aspx?NewsID=1069092]. 0g3t4hmh3ixjgvms6yberg6uxxadeco 608820 608819 2026-05-26T09:14:55Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 +[[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]]; +[[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 608820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী | native_name = حمیده خیر آبادی | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hamideh Kheirabadi 1970s.jpg | image_upright = 0.9 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1924|12|21|df=y}} | birth_place = ৰাষ্ট, [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2010|4|19|1924|12|21|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]],[[ইৰান]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জহ্ৰা কবৰস্থান | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = 1953–2010 | spouse = আলী কাছেমী | children = চৰায়া কাছেমী }} '''হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী''' (জন্ম ২১ ডিচেম্বৰ, ১৯২৪ – মৃত্যু ১৯ এপ্ৰিল, ২০১০) আছিল এগৰাকী ইৰানী চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু থিয়েটাৰ অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ ২০০তকৈও অধিক পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু ২০টাতকৈও অধিক দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ইৰানত তেওঁক মৰমেৰে ''নাদেৰেহ'' আৰু ''ইৰানী চিনেমাৰ মাতৃ'' বুলি সম্বোধন কৰা হয়। == জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ জন্ম ইৰানৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশৰ ৰাজধানী ৰাষ্টত হৈছিল। মাত্ৰ ১৩ বছৰ বয়সতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হ’লেও তেওঁ পঢ়া-শুনা চলাই গৈছিল আৰু মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষাও সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিছিল। ১৯৫০ চনৰ মাজভাগত তেওঁ স্বামীৰ সৈতে বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছৰে পৰা কন্যা চৰায়া কাছেমীৰ সৈতে বাস কৰিবলৈ লয়। খেইৰাবাদীৰ অভিনয় জীৱন ১৯৪৭ চনত থিয়েটাৰৰ জৰিয়তে আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীয়ে ইৰানৰ বহু কেইগৰাকী প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ পৰিচালক যেনে আলী হাতামী, দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই, মাছূদ কিমিয়ায়ী, মহছেন মাখমালবাফ, চিৰুছ আলভান্দ, চিৰুছ মোগাদ্দাম আৰু তাহমিনেহ মিলানিৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁ তিনিবাৰকৈ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। ২০০৮ চনৰ ৫ জানুৱাৰীত তেহৰাণৰ আৰিকেহ-ই ইৰানিয়ান হলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ইৰানৰ দ্বিতীয় ‘স্ক্ৰীন এক্টৰ্ছ চেলিব্ৰেশ্যন’ত খেইৰাবাদীক লাইফটাইম এচিভমেণ্ট বঁটাৰে সন্মানিত কৰা হয়।<ref>''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, Wednesday 21 April 2010: [http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=218004].</ref> [[File:Hamide Kheyrabadi with Soraya Ghasemi.jpg|thumb|কন্যা চৰায়া আৰু নাতিনীয়েক পাৰমিদাৰ সৈতে খেইৰাবাদী]] প্ৰকাশিত তথ্য অনুসৰি, অভিনয়ৰ পৰা ছয় বছৰ আঁতৰি থকাৰ পিছত ২০১০ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত আবুলহছান দাভৌদীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''জমিন-ই এনছান-হা'' নামৰ ধাৰাবাহিক এখনত নিজৰ চৰিত্ৰতে অভিনয় কৰি খেইৰাবাদীয়ে পুনৰ কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখলৈ অহাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>''The sadness as intensive as the ingenious smiles of the mother of the Iranian cinema'', in Persian, Khabar Online, Tuesday 20 April 2010: {{cite web |url=http://www.khabaronline.ir/news-56346.aspx |title=اندوهی به ابعاد گرمای لبخند صمیمانه مادر سینمای ایران |accessdate=20 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422203442/http://www.khabaronline.ir/news-56346.aspx |archivedate=22 April 2010 }}.</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ ১৯ এপ্ৰিল সোমবাৰে নিশা তেহৰাণৰ নিজা বাসগৃহত ৮৬ বছৰ বয়সত হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ মৃত্যু হয়। তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কাৰণ মগজুৰ ষ্ট্ৰোক বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে।<ref>''The sadness as intensive as the ingenious smiles of the mother of the Iranian cinema'', ''ibid''.</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ ২০ এপ্ৰিল মঙলবাৰে তেহৰাণৰ বেহেষ্ট-ই জহ্ৰা কবৰস্থানৰ ৬৬ নম্বৰ খণ্ডত তেওঁক সমাধিস্থ কৰা হয়।<ref>Section 66 is not The Artists' Section of Behesht-e Zahra Cemetery where normally artists are buried. According to the ''Tehran Times'' (Wednesday, 21 April 2010), this was in conformity with Kheirabadi's own wish to be buried next to the graves of her departed family members. See: ''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, ''ibid''.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.payvand.com/news/10/apr/1194.html|title= Mother of Iranian cinema Kheirabadi dies at 86|date= 20 April 2010|newspaper= Tehran Times|accessdate= 28 October 2017|archive-date= 15 January 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200115014621/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/apr/1194.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> == নিৰ্বাচিত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ এক বিস্তৃত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী গিলাকী ৱিকিপিডিয়াত পোৱা যায়।<ref>''Hamideh Kheirābādi'', ''Gilaki Wikipedia''.</ref> বৰ্তমান ইয়াৰ তুলনাত কম বিস্তৃত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী এখন ফাৰ্চী ৱিকিপিডিয়াতো উপলব্ধ।<ref>''Hamideh Kheirābādi'', ''Persian Wikipedia''.</ref> তলত কেৱল তেওঁৰ নিৰ্বাচিত কিছুমান চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু ধাৰাবাহিকৰ তালিকা দিয়া হ’ল। === পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ === * ''আমিৰ আৰছালান-ই নামদাৰ'', ১৯৫৫, পৰিচালনা: শ্বাপুৰ ইয়াছামী * ''আলমাছ ৩৩'', ১৯৬৭, পৰিচালনা: দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''ৰেজা মটৰচাইক্লিষ্ট'' (Reza Motori), ১৯৭০, পৰিচালনা: মাছূদ কিমিয়ায়ী * ''উড পিজন'' (Toghi), ১৯৭০, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''বাবা শামাল'', ১৯৭১, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''মেহদী ইন ব্লেক এণ্ড হট মিনি পেণ্টছ'', ১৯৭২ * ''শাব-ই আফতাবী'', ১৯৭৭, পৰিচালনা: চিৰুছ আলভান্দ * ''দ্য টেনাণ্টছ'' (Ejāreh-neshin-hā), ১৯৮৬, পৰিচালনা: দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''মাদাৰ'', ১৯৮৯, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''দ্য চিলড্ৰেন অৱ ডিভোৰ্চ'', ১৯৮৯, পৰিচালনা: তাহমিনেহ মিলানি * ''বানো'', ১৯৯১, পৰিচালনা: داৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''দ্য এক্টৰ'', ১৯৯২, পৰিচালনা: মহছেন মাখমালবাফ * ''দ্য বাৰ্থডে-ছং'', ২০০৪, পৰিচালনা: আলী গাৱিতান === দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিক === * ''পেদৰ ছালাৰ'', ১৯৯৩, পৰিচালনা: আকবৰ খাজাৱী * ''দ্য গ্ৰীণ হোম'', ১৯৯৬, পৰিচালনা: বিজন বীৰং আৰু মাছূদ ৰাছাম {{clear}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722014800/http://www.irancinema.ir/biography/?ac=to&co=616&se= Filmography at irancinema.ir] * {{IMDb name|0451571|Hamideh Kheirabadi}} * ''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, Wednesday 21 April 2010: [http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=218004]. * Some photographs, published by [[Iranian Students' News Agency]], ISNA, taken in Behesht-e Zahra cemetery on Tuesday 20 April 2010: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114422/http://isna.ir/ISNA/PicView.aspx?Pic=Pic-1522903-1&Lang=P (1)], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114427/http://isna.ir/ISNA/PicView.aspx?Pic=Pic-1522903-2&Lang=P (2)], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114433/http://isna.ir/ISNA/PicView.aspx?Pic=Pic-1522903-3&Lang=P (3)]. Photograph (1) shows the graveside immediately after the burial. Photograph (2) shows Sorayyā Ghāsemi (r) in conversation with [[Ali Nasirian]] (l); the person in the middle is not identified. Photograph (3) shows the graveside of Ms Hamideh Kheirābādi, with Ali Nasirian sitting on the right. * A photo-reportage, by [[Fars News Agency]], of the memorial service of Ms Hamideh Kheirābādi, held in ''Vali-yye Asr Mosque'' in Tehran, on Thursday 22 April 2010: [http://www.mehrnews.com/fa/newsdetail.aspx?NewsID=1069092]. [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] gxsts3ad4myeqt05gafb35uo4isq7cg 608821 608820 2026-05-26T09:16:07Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী | native_name = حمیده خیر آبادی | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hamideh Kheirabadi 1970s.jpg | image_upright = 0.9 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1924|12|21|df=y}} | birth_place = ৰাষ্ট, [[ইৰান]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2010|4|19|1924|12|21|df=y}} | death_place = [[তেহৰাণ]],[[ইৰান]] | resting_place = বেহেষ্ট-ই জহ্ৰা কবৰস্থান | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = 1953–2010 | spouse = আলী কাছেমী | children = চৰায়া কাছেমী }} '''হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদী''' (জন্ম ২১ ডিচেম্বৰ, ১৯২৪ – মৃত্যু ১৯ এপ্ৰিল, ২০১০) আছিল এগৰাকী ইৰানী চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু থিয়েটাৰ অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ ২০০তকৈও অধিক পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু ২০টাতকৈও অধিক দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিকত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ইৰানত তেওঁক মৰমেৰে ''নাদেৰেহ'' আৰু ''ইৰানী চিনেমাৰ মাতৃ'' বুলি সম্বোধন কৰা হয়। == জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ জন্ম ইৰানৰ গিলান প্ৰদেশৰ ৰাজধানী ৰাষ্টত হৈছিল। মাত্ৰ ১৩ বছৰ বয়সতে বিবাহপাশত আৱদ্ধ হ’লেও তেওঁ পঢ়া-শুনা চলাই গৈছিল আৰু মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষাও সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিছিল। ১৯৫০ চনৰ মাজভাগত তেওঁ স্বামীৰ সৈতে বিবাহবিচ্ছেদ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছৰে পৰা কন্যা চৰায়া কাছেমীৰ সৈতে বাস কৰিবলৈ লয়। খেইৰাবাদীৰ অভিনয় জীৱন ১৯৪৭ চনত থিয়েটাৰৰ জৰিয়তে আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীয়ে ইৰানৰ বহু কেইগৰাকী প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ পৰিচালক যেনে আলী হাতামী, দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই, মাছূদ কিমিয়ায়ী, মহছেন মাখমালবাফ, চিৰুছ আলভান্দ, চিৰুছ মোগাদ্দাম আৰু তাহমিনেহ মিলানিৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁ তিনিবাৰকৈ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। ২০০৮ চনৰ ৫ জানুৱাৰীত তেহৰাণৰ আৰিকেহ-ই ইৰানিয়ান হলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ইৰানৰ দ্বিতীয় ‘স্ক্ৰীন এক্টৰ্ছ চেলিব্ৰেশ্যন’ত খেইৰাবাদীক লাইফটাইম এচিভমেণ্ট বঁটাৰে সন্মানিত কৰা হয়।<ref>''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, Wednesday 21 April 2010: [http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=218004].</ref> [[File:Hamide Kheyrabadi with Soraya Ghasemi.jpg|thumb|কন্যা চৰায়া আৰু নাতিনীয়েক পাৰমিদাৰ সৈতে খেইৰাবাদী]] প্ৰকাশিত তথ্য অনুসৰি, অভিনয়ৰ পৰা ছয় বছৰ আঁতৰি থকাৰ পিছত ২০১০ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত আবুলহছান দাভৌদীৰ পৰিচালনাত নিৰ্মিত ''জমিন-ই এনছান-হা'' নামৰ ধাৰাবাহিক এখনত নিজৰ চৰিত্ৰতে অভিনয় কৰি খেইৰাবাদীয়ে পুনৰ কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখলৈ অহাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>''The sadness as intensive as the ingenious smiles of the mother of the Iranian cinema'', in Persian, Khabar Online, Tuesday 20 April 2010: {{cite web |url=http://www.khabaronline.ir/news-56346.aspx |title=اندوهی به ابعاد گرمای لبخند صمیمانه مادر سینمای ایران |accessdate=20 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422203442/http://www.khabaronline.ir/news-56346.aspx |archivedate=22 April 2010 }}.</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ ১৯ এপ্ৰিল সোমবাৰে নিশা তেহৰাণৰ নিজা বাসগৃহত ৮৬ বছৰ বয়সত হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ মৃত্যু হয়। তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ কাৰণ মগজুৰ ষ্ট্ৰোক বুলি জানিব পৰা গৈছে।<ref>''The sadness as intensive as the ingenious smiles of the mother of the Iranian cinema'', ''ibid''.</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ ২০ এপ্ৰিল মঙলবাৰে তেহৰাণৰ বেহেষ্ট-ই জহ্ৰা কবৰস্থানৰ ৬৬ নম্বৰ খণ্ডত তেওঁক সমাধিস্থ কৰা হয়।<ref>Section 66 is not The Artists' Section of Behesht-e Zahra Cemetery where normally artists are buried. According to the ''Tehran Times'' (Wednesday, 21 April 2010), this was in conformity with Kheirabadi's own wish to be buried next to the graves of her departed family members. See: ''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, ''ibid''.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.payvand.com/news/10/apr/1194.html|title= Mother of Iranian cinema Kheirabadi dies at 86|date= 20 April 2010|newspaper= Tehran Times|accessdate= 28 October 2017|archive-date= 15 January 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200115014621/http://www.payvand.com/news/10/apr/1194.html|url-status= dead}}</ref> == নিৰ্বাচিত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == হামিদেহ খেইৰাবাদীৰ এক বিস্তৃত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী গিলাকী ৱিকিপিডিয়াত পোৱা যায়।<ref>''Hamideh Kheirābādi'', ''Gilaki Wikipedia''.</ref> বৰ্তমান ইয়াৰ তুলনাত কম বিস্তৃত চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী এখন ফাৰ্চী ৱিকিপিডিয়াতো উপলব্ধ।<ref>''Hamideh Kheirābādi'', ''Persian Wikipedia''.</ref> তলত কেৱল তেওঁৰ নিৰ্বাচিত কিছুমান চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু ধাৰাবাহিকৰ তালিকা দিয়া হ’ল। === পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ === * ''আমিৰ আৰছালান-ই নামদাৰ'', ১৯৫৫, পৰিচালনা: শ্বাপুৰ ইয়াছামী * ''আলমাছ ৩৩'', ১৯৬৭, পৰিচালনা: দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''ৰেজা মটৰচাইক্লিষ্ট'', ১৯৭০, পৰিচালনা: মাছূদ কিমিয়ায়ী * ''উড পিজন'', ১৯৭০, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''বাবা শামাল'', ১৯৭১, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''মেহদী ইন ব্লেক এণ্ড হট মিনি পেণ্টছ'', ১৯৭২ * ''শাব-ই আফতাবী'', ১৯৭৭, পৰিচালনা: চিৰুছ আলভান্দ * ''দ্য টেনাণ্টছ'', ১৯৮৬, পৰিচালনা: দাৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''মাদাৰ'', ১৯৮৯, পৰিচালনা: আলী হাতামী * ''দ্য চিলড্ৰেন অৱ ডিভোৰ্চ'', ১৯৮৯, পৰিচালনা: তাহমিনেহ মিলানি * ''বানো'', ১৯৯১, পৰিচালনা: داৰিউশ্ব মেহৰ্জুই * ''দ্য এক্টৰ'', ১৯৯২, পৰিচালনা: মহছেন মাখমালবাফ * ''দ্য বাৰ্থডে-ছং'', ২০০৪, পৰিচালনা: আলী গাৱিতান === দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিক === * ''পেদৰ ছালাৰ'', ১৯৯৩, পৰিচালনা: আকবৰ খাজাৱী * ''দ্য গ্ৰীণ হোম'', ১৯৯৬, পৰিচালনা: বিজন বীৰং আৰু মাছূদ ৰাছাম {{clear}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722014800/http://www.irancinema.ir/biography/?ac=to&co=616&se= Filmography at irancinema.ir] * {{IMDb name|0451571|Hamideh Kheirabadi}} * ''Mother of Iranian cinema Hamideh Kheirabadi dies at 86'', Tehran Times, Wednesday 21 April 2010: [http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=218004]. * Some photographs, published by [[Iranian Students' News Agency]], ISNA, taken in Behesht-e Zahra cemetery on Tuesday 20 April 2010: [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114422/http://isna.ir/ISNA/PicView.aspx?Pic=Pic-1522903-1&Lang=P (1)], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114427/http://isna.ir/ISNA/PicView.aspx?Pic=Pic-1522903-2&Lang=P (2)], [https://web.archive.org/web/20100423114433/http://isna.ir/ISNA/PicView.aspx?Pic=Pic-1522903-3&Lang=P (3)]. Photograph (1) shows the graveside immediately after the burial. Photograph (2) shows Sorayyā Ghāsemi (r) in conversation with [[Ali Nasirian]] (l); the person in the middle is not identified. Photograph (3) shows the graveside of Ms Hamideh Kheirābādi, with Ali Nasirian sitting on the right. * A photo-reportage, by [[Fars News Agency]], of the memorial service of Ms Hamideh Kheirābādi, held in ''Vali-yye Asr Mosque'' in Tehran, on Thursday 22 April 2010: [http://www.mehrnews.com/fa/newsdetail.aspx?NewsID=1069092]. [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] pp6gdd5rbc43h2x7lwn0qlbtkqrun2p 0 137059 608822 2026-05-26T09:24:37Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox person | name = মিনা কাভানী | image = Mina Kavani, Berlinale 2023 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = ২০২৩ চনৰ বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত কাভানী | native_name = مینا کاوانی | birth_name = মিনা খোছৰোভানী | birth_d... 608822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মিনা কাভানী | image = Mina Kavani, Berlinale 2023 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = ২০২৩ চনৰ বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত কাভানী | native_name = مینا کاوانی | birth_name = মিনা খোছৰোভানী | birth_date = May 23 1989 | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = | death_place = | native_name_lang = fa | other_names = | citizenship = {{flatlist| * ইৰান * ফ্ৰান্স<ref name="elle">{{Cite web |last=Dupuis |first=Nathalie |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani : " Projeter des films iraniens, c'est faire un bras d'honneur à ceux who oppress us " |url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/News/Mina-Kavani-Projeter-des-films-iraniens-c-est-faire-un-bras-d-honneur-a-ceux-qui-nous-oppressent-4071251 |website=Elle |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="trend">{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani: "To screen Iranian films is to give the finger of honor to those who oppress us" |url=https://news.trenddetail.com/news/182307.html |website=Trend Detail News}}</ref> }} | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০১০–বৰ্তমান | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ ড্ৰামেটিক আৰ্টছ স্কুল | education = | spouse = | partner = | website = }} '''মিনা খোছৰোভানী''' (ফাৰ্চী: مینا خسروانی; জন্ম ২৩ মে', ১৯৮৯) পেছাদাৰীভাৱে '''মিনা কাভানী''' নামেৰে পৰিচিত, হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী-ফৰাচী অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ মূলতঃ ''নো বেয়াৰ্ছ'' (২০২২) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে পৰিচিত, যিখন ছবিয়ে ৭৯ সংখ্যক ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত স্পেচিয়েল জুৰী প্ৰাইজ লাভ কৰিছিল। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == মিনা কাভানীৰ জন্ম তেহৰাণত হৈছিল। এটা কলাত্মক পৰ পৰিয়ালত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মিনা হৈছে প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালক আলী ৰাফীৰ ভাগিনীয়েক। তেওঁ পেৰিছৰ ‘কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰ ডি আৰ্ট ড্ৰামেটিক’ (CNSAD)-ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir">{{cite news|url=http://rouzegareno.ir|title=Mina Khosravani in French Movie Red Rose|newspaper=rouzegareno.ir|access-date=2014-07-09|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=استایل خاص "مینا کاوانی" روی فرش قرمز ونیز - آفتاب |url=https://35981988.khabarban.com/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=35981988.khabarban.com}}</ref> সৰুৰে পৰাই অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত মিনাই বাৰ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নাটকৰ ৰিহাৰ্চেলত নিয়মীয়াকৈ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ষোল্ল বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত তেহৰাণৰ চিটি থিয়েটাৰৰ মঞ্চত ''ইট ডাজ নট স্ন’ ইন ইজিপ্ত'' নামৰ নাটকখনৰ জৰিয়তে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ অভিষেক ঘটায়। ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ ইৰানত এগৰাকী মঞ্চ অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে তেওঁ ''ওথেলো'', ''এণ্টিগনে'', ''লা মিউজিকা'' আৰু ''জেটাইছ ডানছ মা মৈছন এট জেটেণ্ডাইছ কুৱে লা প্লেই ভিইন''-ৰ দৰে নাটকত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=fa:پوشش متفاوت «مینا کاوانی» روی فرش قرمز جشنواره ونیز/ عکس |url=https://eghtesadnews.com... |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:اقتصادنیوز |language=fa |newspaper=اقتصادنیوز }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Didaremrooz |script-title=fa:مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://didaremrooz.ir/1401/06/20/%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a8%d8%ae/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:دیدار امروز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> কাভানীয়ে ইৰানৰ কেইবাগৰাকীও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালকৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। তেইশ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ পুনৰ পেৰিছলৈ যায় আৰু দানিয়েল মেছগুইচ সঞ্চালক হৈ থকাৰ সময়তে জঁ ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ ক্লাছৰ অংশ হিচাপে কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰত নামভৰ্তি কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> ২০১২ চনত বেন এফ্লেকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত অস্কাৰ বিজয়ী ছবি ''আৰ্গো''-ত তেওঁ ছাহাৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। ২০১৩ চনত কাভানীয়ে চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চীৰ ছবি ''ৰেড ৰ’জ''-ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ ছাৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.agencesartistiques.com/Fiche-Artiste/332224-mina-kavani.html|title=Mina KAVANI|newspaper=agencesartistiques.com|access-date=2014-07-09|language=French}}</ref> ছবিখন টৰণ্টো চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱ, মাৰাডেক মহোৎসৱ আৰু চিকাগো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ দৰে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মঞ্চত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনত কিছু উলংগতা থকাৰ বাবে কাভানী ইৰানী সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ ভাবুকিৰ বলি হ’বলগীয়া হয়, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁ নিৰ্ব্বাসিত জীৱন কটাবলগীয়া হয়। ছবিখনত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ক প্ৰশংসা কৰি ইছাবেল হুপাৰ্ট আৰু বাৰ্ট্ৰাণ্ড বনেলোৱে জনোৱা সমৰ্থনৰ সহায়ত তেওঁ ৰাজনৈতিক শৰণাৰ্থীৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=November 6, 2022 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |website=Asian Movie Pulse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2022-10-10 |title=Jafar Panahi Shares Statement at NYFF: 'The Hope of Creating Again Is a Reason for Existence' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2022/10/jafar-panahi-statement-nyff-no-bears-screening-1234771038/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত কাভানীয়ে ৰোলেণ্ড টিমচিটৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত ইৰানৰ সমসাময়িক কবি ফৰুগ ফাৰোখজাদৰ কবিতা আবৃত্তি কৰি ‘অডিঅ’ন-থিয়েটাৰ ডি ইউৰোপ’ৰ মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰখ্যাত ফৰাচী অভিনেতা জঁ-ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ সৈতে ‘অডিটৰিয়াম অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা নেচনেল ডি লিঁও’ত উপস্থিত হৈ ''হেপ্পী ডেইজ শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ'' পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=2022-11-06 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Asian Movie Pulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2022-09-12 |title=Venice 2022 draws to an emotional close, underlines solidarity with detained Iranian filmmakers |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/venice-2022-draws-to-an-emotional-close-underlines-solidarity-with-detained-iranian-filmmakers/5174350.article |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Screen }}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ কান চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰীৰ অন্যতম সদস্য হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। পেট্ৰিক ডি চেলোৰিছ এই জুৰীৰ সভাপতি আছিল।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir" /> ২০১৫ আৰু ২০১৬ চনত এভিগনন মহোৎসৱৰ সময়ত বৰবৰা হাটৰ ''মালিনা'' নামৰ নাটকত তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সমসাময়িক কবি ইনজেবৰ্গ বাখমেনৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৬ চনত মৰক্কোৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰেৰ চুটি ছবি ''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স''-ত তেওঁ লিলিৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://www.sarpoosh.com/art-cinema/actors-director/actors-director1401062020.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=sarpoosh |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید /زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.rokna.net/بخش-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%8... |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=رکنا |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭-১৮ চনত কাভানীয়ে ২০০৬ চনৰ সাহিত্যৰ নোবেল বঁটা বিজয়ী তুৰ্কীৰ লেখক অৰহান পামুকৰ উপন্যাসৰ নাট্য ৰূপান্তৰ ''স্ন’''-ত ইপেক চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ষ্ট্ৰাছবাৰ্গৰ নেচনেল থিয়েটাৰৰ ব্ল্যাণ্ডিন সাভেটিয়েৰৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত এই নাটকখন সমগ্ৰ ফ্ৰান্স আৰু চীনত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=مینا کاوانی: این قدر نقش آدم های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید - زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.barkhat.news/plus/166319124212/mina-kavani-don-t-give-us-women-the-role-of-miserable-people-iranian-women-are-modern-and-strong |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=برخط نیوز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত তেওঁ জাফৰ পানাহীৰ ''নো বায়াৰ্চ''ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত বিশেষ জুৰী বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁ সহ অভিনেতা গোলশিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী আৰু জাৰ আমিৰ ইব্ৰাহিমীৰ সৈতে ''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ''ত অভিনয় কৰে। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == মিনা কাভানীৰ জন্ম তেহৰাণত হৈছিল। এটা কলাত্মক পৰ পৰিয়ালত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মিনা হৈছে প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালক আলী ৰাফীৰ ভাগিনীয়েক। তেওঁ পেৰিছৰ ‘কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰ ডি আৰ্ট ড্ৰামেটিক’ (CNSAD)-ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir">{{cite news|url=http://rouzegareno.ir|title=Mina Khosravani in French Movie Red Rose|newspaper=rouzegareno.ir|access-date=2014-07-09|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=استایل خاص "مینا کاوانی" روی فرش قرمز ونیز - آفتاب |url=https://35981988.khabarban.com/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=35981988.khabarban.com}}</ref> সৰুৰে পৰাই অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত মিনাই বাৰ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নাটকৰ ৰিহাৰ্চেলত নিয়মীয়াকৈ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ষোল্ল বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত তেহৰাণৰ চিটি থিয়েটাৰৰ মঞ্চত ''ইট ডাজ নট স্ন’ ইন ইজিপ্ত'' নামৰ নাটকখনৰ জৰিয়তে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ অভিষেক ঘটায়। ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ ইৰানত এগৰাকী মঞ্চ অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে তেওঁ ''ওথেলো'', ''এণ্টিগনে'', ''লা মিউজিকা'' আৰু ''জেটাইছ ডানছ মা মৈছন এট জেটেণ্ডাইছ কুৱে লা প্লেই ভিইন''-ৰ দৰে নাটকত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=fa:پوشش متفاوت «مینا کاوانی» روی فرش قرمز جشنواره ونیز/ عکس |url=https://eghtesadnews.com... |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:اقتصادنیوز |language=fa |newspaper=اقتصادنیوز }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Didaremrooz |script-title=fa:مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://didaremrooz.ir/1401/06/20/%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a8%d8%ae/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:دیدار امروز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> কাভানীয়ে ইৰানৰ কেইবাগৰাকীও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালকৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। তেইশ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ পুনৰ পেৰিছলৈ যায় আৰু দানিয়েল মেছগুইচ সঞ্চালক হৈ থকাৰ সময়তে জঁ ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ ক্লাছৰ অংশ হিচাপে কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰত নামভৰ্তি কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> ২০১২ চনত বেন এফ্লেকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত অস্কাৰ বিজয়ী ছবি ''আৰ্গো''-ত তেওঁ ছাহাৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। ২০১৩ চনত কাভানীয়ে চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চীৰ ছবি ''ৰেড ৰ’জ''-ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ ছাৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.agencesartistiques.com/Fiche-Artiste/332224-mina-kavani.html|title=Mina KAVANI|newspaper=agencesartistiques.com|access-date=2014-07-09|language=French}}</ref> ছবিখন টৰণ্টো চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱ, মাৰাডেক মহোৎসৱ আৰু চিকাগো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ দৰে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মঞ্চত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনত কিছু উলংগতা থকাৰ বাবে কাভানী ইৰানী সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ ভাবুকিৰ বলি হ’বলগীয়া হয়, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁ নিৰ্ব্বাসিত জীৱন কটাবলগীয়া হয়। ছবিখনত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ক প্ৰশংসা কৰি ইছাবেল হুপাৰ্ট আৰু বাৰ্ট্ৰাণ্ড বনেলোৱে জনোৱা সমৰ্থনৰ সহায়ত তেওঁ ৰাজনৈতিক শৰণাৰ্থীৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=November 6, 2022 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |website=Asian Movie Pulse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2022-10-10 |title=Jafar Panahi Shares Statement at NYFF: 'The Hope of Creating Again Is a Reason for Existence' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2022/10/jafar-panahi-statement-nyff-no-bears-screening-1234771038/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত কাভানীয়ে ৰোলেণ্ড টিমচিটৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত ইৰানৰ সমসাময়িক কবি ফৰুগ ফাৰোখজাদৰ কবিতা আবৃত্তি কৰি ‘অডিঅ’ন-থিয়েটাৰ ডি ইউৰোপ’ৰ মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰখ্যাত ফৰাচী অভিনেতা জঁ-ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ সৈতে ‘অডিটৰিয়াম অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা নেচনেল ডি লিঁও’ত উপস্থিত হৈ ''হেপ্পী ডেইজ শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ'' পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=2022-11-06 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Asian Movie Pulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2022-09-12 |title=Venice 2022 draws to an emotional close, underlines solidarity with detained Iranian filmmakers |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/venice-2022-draws-to-an-emotional-close-underlines-solidarity-with-detained-iranian-filmmakers/5174350.article |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Screen }}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ কান চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰীৰ অন্যতম সদস্য হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। পেট্ৰিক ডি চেলোৰিছ এই জুৰীৰ সভাপতি আছিল।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir" /> ২০১৫ আৰু ২০১৬ চনত এভিগনন মহোৎসৱৰ সময়ত বৰবৰা হাটৰ ''মালিনা'' নামৰ নাটকত তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সমসাময়িক কবি ইনজেবৰ্গ বাখমেনৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৬ চনত মৰক্কোৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰেৰ চুটি ছবি ''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স''-ত তেওঁ লিলিৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://www.sarpoosh.com/art-cinema/actors-director/actors-director1401062020.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=sarpoosh |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید /زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.rokna.net/بخش-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%8... |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=رکنا |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭-১৮ চনত কাভানীয়ে ২০০৬ চনৰ সাহিত্যৰ নোবেল বঁটা বিজয়ী তুৰ্কীৰ লেখক অৰহান পামুকৰ উপন্যাসৰ নাট্য ৰূপান্তৰ ''স্ন’''-ত ইপেক চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ষ্ট্ৰাছবাৰ্গৰ নেচনেল থিয়েটাৰৰ ব্ল্যাণ্ডিন সাভেটিয়েৰৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত এই নাটকখন সমগ্ৰ ফ্ৰান্স আৰু চীনত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=مینا کاوانی: این قدر نقش آدم های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید - زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.barkhat.news/plus/166319124212/mina-kavani-don-t-give-us-women-the-role-of-miserable-people-iranian-women-are-modern-and-strong |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=برخط نیوز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত তেওঁ জাফৰ পানাহীৰ ''নো বায়াৰ্চ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত বিশেষ জুৰী বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁ সহ অভিনেতা গোলশিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী আৰু জাৰ আমিৰ ইব্ৰাহিমীৰ সৈতে ''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == কাভানীয়ে ২০১০ চনত ফ্ৰান্সলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ফ্ৰান্সৰ নাগৰিকত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balmer |first=Crispian |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Empty chair for jailed Iranian Director at Venice film fest |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/empty-chair-jailed-iranian-director-venice-film-fest-2022-09-09/ |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="elle"/><ref name="trend"/> == চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == === চলচ্চিত্ৰ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style=font-size:100% ! scope="col" | বছৰ ! scope="col" | নাম ! scope="col" | চৰিত্ৰ ! scope="col" | পৰিচালক ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | টোকা ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | তথ্যসূত্ৰ |- ! scope=row| ২০১০ | ''মিষ্টাৰ ইউছেফ'' | ছাৰা |আলী ৰাফী | | <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row| ২০১২ | ''আৰ্গো'' || ছাহাৰ (কণ্ঠ) || বেন এফ্লেক | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৪ | ''ৰেড ৰ’জ'' ||ছাৰা|| চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৬ |''মাই ডেড টকছ বুলশ্বিট'' | |শাহৰিয়াৰ শ্বান্দিজ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০১৮ |''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স'' |লিলি |কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰে |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০২০ |''ডিচেণ্ট পিপল'' |লা-ছেজ মহিলা |মেক্সিম ৰয় |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২১ |''আণ্ডাৰকভাৰ'' |এণ্টোৰাজ কৰিম ফাছি |থিয়েৰী ডি পেৰেটি | | |- |''হাইড্ৰেঞ্জাছ ইন ৱিণ্টৰ'' |পাৰভিনেহ |হেলেন ৰাষ্টেগাৰ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২২ |''দ্য গাৰ্ল এণ্ড দ্য বয়'' |মালিনা |জঁ-মেৰী বেছেট | | |- | ''নো বায়াৰ্চ'' ||ঝাৰা|| জাফৰ পানাহী | || <ref name="NoBearsScreenDailyRelease">{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=11 May 2022 |title=Celluloid Dreams to launch Jafar Panahi's new film 'No Bears' at Cannes (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/celluloid-dreams-to-launch-jafar-panahis-new-film-no-bears-at-cannes-exclusive/5170338.article |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Screen Daily |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৩ |''দ্য ছাইৰেন'' |(কণ্ঠ) |চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী |এনিমেটেড ছবি |<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Sirène {{!}} The Siren - Panorama 2023 |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202306311.html |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=www.berlinale.de |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৪ |''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ'' |নাছৰিন |ইৰান ৰিকলিছ | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=2023-05-05 |title=Cannes: Golshifteh Farahani, Zar Amir-Ebrahimi to Lead Eran Riklis' Adaptation of Iranian Novel 'Reading Lolita in Tehran' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/golshiften-farahani-zar-amir-ebrahimi-reading-lolita-in-tehran-1235480099/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> |} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== 38jxrytvnldzwfzziqn5wqcdxdcrv00 608823 608822 2026-05-26T09:24:58Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মিনা কাভানী | image = Mina Kavani, Berlinale 2023 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = ২০২৩ চনৰ বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত কাভানী | native_name = مینا کاوانی | birth_name = মিনা খোছৰোভানী | birth_date = May 23 1989 | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = | death_place = | native_name_lang = fa | other_names = | citizenship = {{flatlist| * ইৰান * ফ্ৰান্স<ref name="elle">{{Cite web |last=Dupuis |first=Nathalie |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani : " Projeter des films iraniens, c'est faire un bras d'honneur à ceux who oppress us " |url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/News/Mina-Kavani-Projeter-des-films-iraniens-c-est-faire-un-bras-d-honneur-a-ceux-qui-nous-oppressent-4071251 |website=Elle |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="trend">{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani: "To screen Iranian films is to give the finger of honor to those who oppress us" |url=https://news.trenddetail.com/news/182307.html |website=Trend Detail News}}</ref> }} | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০১০–বৰ্তমান | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ ড্ৰামেটিক আৰ্টছ স্কুল | education = | spouse = | partner = | website = }} '''মিনা খোছৰোভানী''' (ফাৰ্চী: مینا خسروانی; জন্ম ২৩ মে', ১৯৮৯) পেছাদাৰীভাৱে '''মিনা কাভানী''' নামেৰে পৰিচিত, হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী-ফৰাচী অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ মূলতঃ ''নো বেয়াৰ্ছ'' (২০২২) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে পৰিচিত, যিখন ছবিয়ে ৭৯ সংখ্যক ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত স্পেচিয়েল জুৰী প্ৰাইজ লাভ কৰিছিল। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == মিনা কাভানীৰ জন্ম তেহৰাণত হৈছিল। এটা কলাত্মক পৰ পৰিয়ালত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মিনা হৈছে প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালক আলী ৰাফীৰ ভাগিনীয়েক। তেওঁ পেৰিছৰ ‘কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰ ডি আৰ্ট ড্ৰামেটিক’ (CNSAD)ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir">{{cite news|url=http://rouzegareno.ir|title=Mina Khosravani in French Movie Red Rose|newspaper=rouzegareno.ir|access-date=2014-07-09|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=استایل خاص "مینا کاوانی" روی فرش قرمز ونیز - آفتاب |url=https://35981988.khabarban.com/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=35981988.khabarban.com}}</ref> সৰুৰে পৰাই অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত মিনাই বাৰ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নাটকৰ ৰিহাৰ্চেলত নিয়মীয়াকৈ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ষোল্ল বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত তেহৰাণৰ চিটি থিয়েটাৰৰ মঞ্চত ''ইট ডাজ নট স্ন’ ইন ইজিপ্ত'' নামৰ নাটকখনৰ জৰিয়তে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ অভিষেক ঘটায়। ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ ইৰানত এগৰাকী মঞ্চ অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে তেওঁ ''ওথেলো'', ''এণ্টিগনে'', ''লা মিউজিকা'' আৰু ''জেটাইছ ডানছ মা মৈছন এট জেটেণ্ডাইছ কুৱে লা প্লেই ভিইন''-ৰ দৰে নাটকত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=fa:پوشش متفاوت «مینا کاوانی» روی فرش قرمز جشنواره ونیز/ عکس |url=https://eghtesadnews.com... |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:اقتصادنیوز |language=fa |newspaper=اقتصادنیوز }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Didaremrooz |script-title=fa:مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://didaremrooz.ir/1401/06/20/%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a8%d8%ae/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:دیدار امروز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> কাভানীয়ে ইৰানৰ কেইবাগৰাকীও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালকৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। তেইশ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ পুনৰ পেৰিছলৈ যায় আৰু দানিয়েল মেছগুইচ সঞ্চালক হৈ থকাৰ সময়তে জঁ ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ ক্লাছৰ অংশ হিচাপে কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰত নামভৰ্তি কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> ২০১২ চনত বেন এফ্লেকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত অস্কাৰ বিজয়ী ছবি ''আৰ্গো''-ত তেওঁ ছাহাৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। ২০১৩ চনত কাভানীয়ে চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চীৰ ছবি ''ৰেড ৰ’জ''-ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ ছাৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.agencesartistiques.com/Fiche-Artiste/332224-mina-kavani.html|title=Mina KAVANI|newspaper=agencesartistiques.com|access-date=2014-07-09|language=French}}</ref> ছবিখন টৰণ্টো চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱ, মাৰাডেক মহোৎসৱ আৰু চিকাগো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ দৰে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মঞ্চত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনত কিছু উলংগতা থকাৰ বাবে কাভানী ইৰানী সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ ভাবুকিৰ বলি হ’বলগীয়া হয়, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁ নিৰ্ব্বাসিত জীৱন কটাবলগীয়া হয়। ছবিখনত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ক প্ৰশংসা কৰি ইছাবেল হুপাৰ্ট আৰু বাৰ্ট্ৰাণ্ড বনেলোৱে জনোৱা সমৰ্থনৰ সহায়ত তেওঁ ৰাজনৈতিক শৰণাৰ্থীৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=November 6, 2022 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |website=Asian Movie Pulse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2022-10-10 |title=Jafar Panahi Shares Statement at NYFF: 'The Hope of Creating Again Is a Reason for Existence' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2022/10/jafar-panahi-statement-nyff-no-bears-screening-1234771038/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত কাভানীয়ে ৰোলেণ্ড টিমচিটৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত ইৰানৰ সমসাময়িক কবি ফৰুগ ফাৰোখজাদৰ কবিতা আবৃত্তি কৰি ‘অডিঅ’ন-থিয়েটাৰ ডি ইউৰোপ’ৰ মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰখ্যাত ফৰাচী অভিনেতা জঁ-ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ সৈতে ‘অডিটৰিয়াম অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা নেচনেল ডি লিঁও’ত উপস্থিত হৈ ''হেপ্পী ডেইজ শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ'' পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=2022-11-06 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Asian Movie Pulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2022-09-12 |title=Venice 2022 draws to an emotional close, underlines solidarity with detained Iranian filmmakers |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/venice-2022-draws-to-an-emotional-close-underlines-solidarity-with-detained-iranian-filmmakers/5174350.article |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Screen }}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ কান চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰীৰ অন্যতম সদস্য হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। পেট্ৰিক ডি চেলোৰিছ এই জুৰীৰ সভাপতি আছিল।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir" /> ২০১৫ আৰু ২০১৬ চনত এভিগনন মহোৎসৱৰ সময়ত বৰবৰা হাটৰ ''মালিনা'' নামৰ নাটকত তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সমসাময়িক কবি ইনজেবৰ্গ বাখমেনৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৬ চনত মৰক্কোৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰেৰ চুটি ছবি ''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স''-ত তেওঁ লিলিৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://www.sarpoosh.com/art-cinema/actors-director/actors-director1401062020.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=sarpoosh |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید /زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.rokna.net/بخش-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%8... |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=رکنا |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭-১৮ চনত কাভানীয়ে ২০০৬ চনৰ সাহিত্যৰ নোবেল বঁটা বিজয়ী তুৰ্কীৰ লেখক অৰহান পামুকৰ উপন্যাসৰ নাট্য ৰূপান্তৰ ''স্ন’''-ত ইপেক চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ষ্ট্ৰাছবাৰ্গৰ নেচনেল থিয়েটাৰৰ ব্ল্যাণ্ডিন সাভেটিয়েৰৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত এই নাটকখন সমগ্ৰ ফ্ৰান্স আৰু চীনত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=مینا کاوانی: این قدر نقش آدم های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید - زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.barkhat.news/plus/166319124212/mina-kavani-don-t-give-us-women-the-role-of-miserable-people-iranian-women-are-modern-and-strong |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=برخط نیوز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত তেওঁ জাফৰ পানাহীৰ ''নো বায়াৰ্চ''ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত বিশেষ জুৰী বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁ সহ অভিনেতা গোলশিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী আৰু জাৰ আমিৰ ইব্ৰাহিমীৰ সৈতে ''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ''ত অভিনয় কৰে। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == মিনা কাভানীৰ জন্ম তেহৰাণত হৈছিল। এটা কলাত্মক পৰ পৰিয়ালত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মিনা হৈছে প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালক আলী ৰাফীৰ ভাগিনীয়েক। তেওঁ পেৰিছৰ ‘কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰ ডি আৰ্ট ড্ৰামেটিক’ (CNSAD)-ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir">{{cite news|url=http://rouzegareno.ir|title=Mina Khosravani in French Movie Red Rose|newspaper=rouzegareno.ir|access-date=2014-07-09|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=استایل خاص "مینا کاوانی" روی فرش قرمز ونیز - آفتاب |url=https://35981988.khabarban.com/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=35981988.khabarban.com}}</ref> সৰুৰে পৰাই অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত মিনাই বাৰ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নাটকৰ ৰিহাৰ্চেলত নিয়মীয়াকৈ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ষোল্ল বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত তেহৰাণৰ চিটি থিয়েটাৰৰ মঞ্চত ''ইট ডাজ নট স্ন’ ইন ইজিপ্ত'' নামৰ নাটকখনৰ জৰিয়তে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ অভিষেক ঘটায়। ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ ইৰানত এগৰাকী মঞ্চ অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে তেওঁ ''ওথেলো'', ''এণ্টিগনে'', ''লা মিউজিকা'' আৰু ''জেটাইছ ডানছ মা মৈছন এট জেটেণ্ডাইছ কুৱে লা প্লেই ভিইন''-ৰ দৰে নাটকত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=fa:پوشش متفاوت «مینا کاوانی» روی فرش قرمز جشنواره ونیز/ عکس |url=https://eghtesadnews.com... |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:اقتصادنیوز |language=fa |newspaper=اقتصادنیوز }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Didaremrooz |script-title=fa:مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://didaremrooz.ir/1401/06/20/%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a8%d8%ae/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:دیدار امروز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> কাভানীয়ে ইৰানৰ কেইবাগৰাকীও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালকৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। তেইশ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ পুনৰ পেৰিছলৈ যায় আৰু দানিয়েল মেছগুইচ সঞ্চালক হৈ থকাৰ সময়তে জঁ ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ ক্লাছৰ অংশ হিচাপে কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰত নামভৰ্তি কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> ২০১২ চনত বেন এফ্লেকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত অস্কাৰ বিজয়ী ছবি ''আৰ্গো''-ত তেওঁ ছাহাৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। ২০১৩ চনত কাভানীয়ে চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চীৰ ছবি ''ৰেড ৰ’জ''-ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ ছাৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.agencesartistiques.com/Fiche-Artiste/332224-mina-kavani.html|title=Mina KAVANI|newspaper=agencesartistiques.com|access-date=2014-07-09|language=French}}</ref> ছবিখন টৰণ্টো চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱ, মাৰাডেক মহোৎসৱ আৰু চিকাগো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ দৰে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মঞ্চত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনত কিছু উলংগতা থকাৰ বাবে কাভানী ইৰানী সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ ভাবুকিৰ বলি হ’বলগীয়া হয়, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁ নিৰ্ব্বাসিত জীৱন কটাবলগীয়া হয়। ছবিখনত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ক প্ৰশংসা কৰি ইছাবেল হুপাৰ্ট আৰু বাৰ্ট্ৰাণ্ড বনেলোৱে জনোৱা সমৰ্থনৰ সহায়ত তেওঁ ৰাজনৈতিক শৰণাৰ্থীৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=November 6, 2022 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |website=Asian Movie Pulse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2022-10-10 |title=Jafar Panahi Shares Statement at NYFF: 'The Hope of Creating Again Is a Reason for Existence' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2022/10/jafar-panahi-statement-nyff-no-bears-screening-1234771038/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত কাভানীয়ে ৰোলেণ্ড টিমচিটৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত ইৰানৰ সমসাময়িক কবি ফৰুগ ফাৰোখজাদৰ কবিতা আবৃত্তি কৰি ‘অডিঅ’ন-থিয়েটাৰ ডি ইউৰোপ’ৰ মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰখ্যাত ফৰাচী অভিনেতা জঁ-ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ সৈতে ‘অডিটৰিয়াম অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা নেচনেল ডি লিঁও’ত উপস্থিত হৈ ''হেপ্পী ডেইজ শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ'' পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=2022-11-06 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Asian Movie Pulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2022-09-12 |title=Venice 2022 draws to an emotional close, underlines solidarity with detained Iranian filmmakers |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/venice-2022-draws-to-an-emotional-close-underlines-solidarity-with-detained-iranian-filmmakers/5174350.article |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Screen }}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ কান চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰীৰ অন্যতম সদস্য হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। পেট্ৰিক ডি চেলোৰিছ এই জুৰীৰ সভাপতি আছিল।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir" /> ২০১৫ আৰু ২০১৬ চনত এভিগনন মহোৎসৱৰ সময়ত বৰবৰা হাটৰ ''মালিনা'' নামৰ নাটকত তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সমসাময়িক কবি ইনজেবৰ্গ বাখমেনৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৬ চনত মৰক্কোৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰেৰ চুটি ছবি ''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স''-ত তেওঁ লিলিৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://www.sarpoosh.com/art-cinema/actors-director/actors-director1401062020.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=sarpoosh |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید /زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.rokna.net/بخش-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%8... |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=رکنا |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭-১৮ চনত কাভানীয়ে ২০০৬ চনৰ সাহিত্যৰ নোবেল বঁটা বিজয়ী তুৰ্কীৰ লেখক অৰহান পামুকৰ উপন্যাসৰ নাট্য ৰূপান্তৰ ''স্ন’''-ত ইপেক চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ষ্ট্ৰাছবাৰ্গৰ নেচনেল থিয়েটাৰৰ ব্ল্যাণ্ডিন সাভেটিয়েৰৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত এই নাটকখন সমগ্ৰ ফ্ৰান্স আৰু চীনত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=مینا کاوانی: این قدر نقش آدم های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید - زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.barkhat.news/plus/166319124212/mina-kavani-don-t-give-us-women-the-role-of-miserable-people-iranian-women-are-modern-and-strong |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=برخط نیوز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত তেওঁ জাফৰ পানাহীৰ ''নো বায়াৰ্চ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত বিশেষ জুৰী বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁ সহ অভিনেতা গোলশিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী আৰু জাৰ আমিৰ ইব্ৰাহিমীৰ সৈতে ''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == কাভানীয়ে ২০১০ চনত ফ্ৰান্সলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ফ্ৰান্সৰ নাগৰিকত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balmer |first=Crispian |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Empty chair for jailed Iranian Director at Venice film fest |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/empty-chair-jailed-iranian-director-venice-film-fest-2022-09-09/ |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="elle"/><ref name="trend"/> == চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == === চলচ্চিত্ৰ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style=font-size:100% ! scope="col" | বছৰ ! scope="col" | নাম ! scope="col" | চৰিত্ৰ ! scope="col" | পৰিচালক ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | টোকা ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | তথ্যসূত্ৰ |- ! scope=row| ২০১০ | ''মিষ্টাৰ ইউছেফ'' | ছাৰা |আলী ৰাফী | | <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row| ২০১২ | ''আৰ্গো'' || ছাহাৰ (কণ্ঠ) || বেন এফ্লেক | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৪ | ''ৰেড ৰ’জ'' ||ছাৰা|| চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৬ |''মাই ডেড টকছ বুলশ্বিট'' | |শাহৰিয়াৰ শ্বান্দিজ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০১৮ |''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স'' |লিলি |কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰে |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০২০ |''ডিচেণ্ট পিপল'' |লা-ছেজ মহিলা |মেক্সিম ৰয় |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২১ |''আণ্ডাৰকভাৰ'' |এণ্টোৰাজ কৰিম ফাছি |থিয়েৰী ডি পেৰেটি | | |- |''হাইড্ৰেঞ্জাছ ইন ৱিণ্টৰ'' |পাৰভিনেহ |হেলেন ৰাষ্টেগাৰ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২২ |''দ্য গাৰ্ল এণ্ড দ্য বয়'' |মালিনা |জঁ-মেৰী বেছেট | | |- | ''নো বায়াৰ্চ'' ||ঝাৰা|| জাফৰ পানাহী | || <ref name="NoBearsScreenDailyRelease">{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=11 May 2022 |title=Celluloid Dreams to launch Jafar Panahi's new film 'No Bears' at Cannes (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/celluloid-dreams-to-launch-jafar-panahis-new-film-no-bears-at-cannes-exclusive/5170338.article |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Screen Daily |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৩ |''দ্য ছাইৰেন'' |(কণ্ঠ) |চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী |এনিমেটেড ছবি |<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Sirène {{!}} The Siren - Panorama 2023 |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202306311.html |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=www.berlinale.de |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৪ |''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ'' |নাছৰিন |ইৰান ৰিকলিছ | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=2023-05-05 |title=Cannes: Golshifteh Farahani, Zar Amir-Ebrahimi to Lead Eran Riklis' Adaptation of Iranian Novel 'Reading Lolita in Tehran' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/golshiften-farahani-zar-amir-ebrahimi-reading-lolita-in-tehran-1235480099/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> |} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== o8p4d4a1iu414t4m7e1gaqevn05ityw 608824 608823 2026-05-26T09:25:17Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মিনা কাভানী | image = Mina Kavani, Berlinale 2023 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = ২০২৩ চনৰ বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত কাভানী | native_name = مینا کاوانی | birth_name = মিনা খোছৰোভানী | birth_date = May 23 1989 | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = | death_place = | native_name_lang = fa | other_names = | citizenship = {{flatlist| * ইৰান * ফ্ৰান্স<ref name="elle">{{Cite web |last=Dupuis |first=Nathalie |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani : " Projeter des films iraniens, c'est faire un bras d'honneur à ceux who oppress us " |url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/News/Mina-Kavani-Projeter-des-films-iraniens-c-est-faire-un-bras-d-honneur-a-ceux-qui-nous-oppressent-4071251 |website=Elle |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="trend">{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani: "To screen Iranian films is to give the finger of honor to those who oppress us" |url=https://news.trenddetail.com/news/182307.html |website=Trend Detail News}}</ref> }} | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০১০–বৰ্তমান | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ ড্ৰামেটিক আৰ্টছ স্কুল | education = | spouse = | partner = | website = }} '''মিনা খোছৰোভানী''' (ফাৰ্চী: مینا خسروانی; জন্ম ২৩ মে', ১৯৮৯) পেছাদাৰীভাৱে '''মিনা কাভানী''' নামেৰে পৰিচিত, হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী-ফৰাচী অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ মূলতঃ ''নো বেয়াৰ্ছ'' (২০২২) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে পৰিচিত, যিখন ছবিয়ে ৭৯ সংখ্যক ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত স্পেচিয়েল জুৰী প্ৰাইজ লাভ কৰিছিল। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == মিনা কাভানীৰ জন্ম তেহৰাণত হৈছিল। এটা কলাত্মক পৰ পৰিয়ালত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মিনা হৈছে প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালক আলী ৰাফীৰ ভাগিনীয়েক। তেওঁ পেৰিছৰ ‘কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰ ডি আৰ্ট ড্ৰামেটিক’ (CNSAD)ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir">{{cite news|url=http://rouzegareno.ir|title=Mina Khosravani in French Movie Red Rose|newspaper=rouzegareno.ir|access-date=2014-07-09|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=استایل خاص "مینا کاوانی" روی فرش قرمز ونیز - آفتاب |url=https://35981988.khabarban.com/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=35981988.khabarban.com}}</ref> সৰুৰে পৰাই অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত মিনাই বাৰ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নাটকৰ ৰিহাৰ্চেলত নিয়মীয়াকৈ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ষোল্ল বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত তেহৰাণৰ চিটি থিয়েটাৰৰ মঞ্চত ''ইট ডাজ নট স্ন’ ইন ইজিপ্ত'' নামৰ নাটকখনৰ জৰিয়তে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ অভিষেক ঘটায়। ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ ইৰানত এগৰাকী মঞ্চ অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে তেওঁ ''ওথেলো'', ''এণ্টিগনে'', ''লা মিউজিকা'' আৰু ''জেটাইছ ডানছ মা মৈছন এট জেটেণ্ডাইছ কুৱে লা প্লেই ভিইন''-ৰ দৰে নাটকত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=fa:پوشش متفاوت «مینا کاوانی» روی فرش قرمز جشنواره ونیز/ عکس |url=https://eghtesadnews.com... |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:اقتصادنیوز |language=fa |newspaper=اقتصادنیوز }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Didaremrooz |script-title=fa:مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://didaremrooz.ir/1401/06/20/%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a8%d8%ae/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:دیدار امروز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> কাভানীয়ে ইৰানৰ কেইবাগৰাকীও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালকৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। তেইশ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ পুনৰ পেৰিছলৈ যায় আৰু দানিয়েল মেছগুইচ সঞ্চালক হৈ থকাৰ সময়তে জঁ ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ ক্লাছৰ অংশ হিচাপে কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰত নামভৰ্তি কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> ২০১২ চনত বেন এফ্লেকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত অস্কাৰ বিজয়ী ছবি ''আৰ্গো''-ত তেওঁ ছাহাৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। ২০১৩ চনত কাভানীয়ে চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চীৰ ছবি ''ৰেড ৰ’জ''-ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ ছাৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.agencesartistiques.com/Fiche-Artiste/332224-mina-kavani.html|title=Mina KAVANI|newspaper=agencesartistiques.com|access-date=2014-07-09|language=French}}</ref> ছবিখন টৰণ্টো চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱ, মাৰাডেক মহোৎসৱ আৰু চিকাগো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ দৰে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মঞ্চত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনত কিছু উলংগতা থকাৰ বাবে কাভানী ইৰানী সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ ভাবুকিৰ বলি হ’বলগীয়া হয়, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁ নিৰ্ব্বাসিত জীৱন কটাবলগীয়া হয়। ছবিখনত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ক প্ৰশংসা কৰি ইছাবেল হুপাৰ্ট আৰু বাৰ্ট্ৰাণ্ড বনেলোৱে জনোৱা সমৰ্থনৰ সহায়ত তেওঁ ৰাজনৈতিক শৰণাৰ্থীৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=November 6, 2022 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |website=Asian Movie Pulse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2022-10-10 |title=Jafar Panahi Shares Statement at NYFF: 'The Hope of Creating Again Is a Reason for Existence' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2022/10/jafar-panahi-statement-nyff-no-bears-screening-1234771038/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত কাভানীয়ে ৰোলেণ্ড টিমচিটৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত ইৰানৰ সমসাময়িক কবি ফৰুগ ফাৰোখজাদৰ কবিতা আবৃত্তি কৰি ‘অডিঅ’ন-থিয়েটাৰ ডি ইউৰোপ’ৰ মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰখ্যাত ফৰাচী অভিনেতা জঁ-ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ সৈতে ‘অডিটৰিয়াম অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা নেচনেল ডি লিঁও’ত উপস্থিত হৈ ''হেপ্পী ডেইজ শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ'' পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=2022-11-06 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Asian Movie Pulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2022-09-12 |title=Venice 2022 draws to an emotional close, underlines solidarity with detained Iranian filmmakers |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/venice-2022-draws-to-an-emotional-close-underlines-solidarity-with-detained-iranian-filmmakers/5174350.article |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Screen }}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ কান চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰীৰ অন্যতম সদস্য হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। পেট্ৰিক ডি চেলোৰিছ এই জুৰীৰ সভাপতি আছিল।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir" /> ২০১৫ আৰু ২০১৬ চনত এভিগনন মহোৎসৱৰ সময়ত বৰবৰা হাটৰ ''মালিনা'' নামৰ নাটকত তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সমসাময়িক কবি ইনজেবৰ্গ বাখমেনৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৬ চনত মৰক্কোৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰেৰ চুটি ছবি ''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স''-ত তেওঁ লিলিৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://www.sarpoosh.com/art-cinema/actors-director/actors-director1401062020.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=sarpoosh |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید /زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.rokna.net/بخش-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%8... |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=رکنا |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭-১৮ চনত কাভানীয়ে ২০০৬ চনৰ সাহিত্যৰ নোবেল বঁটা বিজয়ী তুৰ্কীৰ লেখক অৰহান পামুকৰ উপন্যাসৰ নাট্য ৰূপান্তৰ ''স্ন’''-ত ইপেক চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ষ্ট্ৰাছবাৰ্গৰ নেচনেল থিয়েটাৰৰ ব্ল্যাণ্ডিন সাভেটিয়েৰৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত এই নাটকখন সমগ্ৰ ফ্ৰান্স আৰু চীনত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=مینا کاوانی: این قدر نقش آدم های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید - زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.barkhat.news/plus/166319124212/mina-kavani-don-t-give-us-women-the-role-of-miserable-people-iranian-women-are-modern-and-strong |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=برخط نیوز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত তেওঁ জাফৰ পানাহীৰ ''নো বায়াৰ্চ''ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত বিশেষ জুৰী বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁ সহ অভিনেতা গোলশিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী আৰু জাৰ আমিৰ ইব্ৰাহিমীৰ সৈতে ''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ''ত অভিনয় কৰে। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == কাভানীয়ে ২০১০ চনত ফ্ৰান্সলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ফ্ৰান্সৰ নাগৰিকত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balmer |first=Crispian |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Empty chair for jailed Iranian Director at Venice film fest |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/empty-chair-jailed-iranian-director-venice-film-fest-2022-09-09/ |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="elle"/><ref name="trend"/> == চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == === চলচ্চিত্ৰ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style=font-size:100% ! scope="col" | বছৰ ! scope="col" | নাম ! scope="col" | চৰিত্ৰ ! scope="col" | পৰিচালক ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | টোকা ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | তথ্যসূত্ৰ |- ! scope=row| ২০১০ | ''মিষ্টাৰ ইউছেফ'' | ছাৰা |আলী ৰাফী | | <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row| ২০১২ | ''আৰ্গো'' || ছাহাৰ (কণ্ঠ) || বেন এফ্লেক | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৪ | ''ৰেড ৰ’জ'' ||ছাৰা|| চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৬ |''মাই ডেড টকছ বুলশ্বিট'' | |শাহৰিয়াৰ শ্বান্দিজ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০১৮ |''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স'' |লিলি |কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰে |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০২০ |''ডিচেণ্ট পিপল'' |লা-ছেজ মহিলা |মেক্সিম ৰয় |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২১ |''আণ্ডাৰকভাৰ'' |এণ্টোৰাজ কৰিম ফাছি |থিয়েৰী ডি পেৰেটি | | |- |''হাইড্ৰেঞ্জাছ ইন ৱিণ্টৰ'' |পাৰভিনেহ |হেলেন ৰাষ্টেগাৰ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২২ |''দ্য গাৰ্ল এণ্ড দ্য বয়'' |মালিনা |জঁ-মেৰী বেছেট | | |- | ''নো বায়াৰ্চ'' ||ঝাৰা|| জাফৰ পানাহী | || <ref name="NoBearsScreenDailyRelease">{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=11 May 2022 |title=Celluloid Dreams to launch Jafar Panahi's new film 'No Bears' at Cannes (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/celluloid-dreams-to-launch-jafar-panahis-new-film-no-bears-at-cannes-exclusive/5170338.article |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Screen Daily |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৩ |''দ্য ছাইৰেন'' |(কণ্ঠ) |চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী |এনিমেটেড ছবি |<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Sirène {{!}} The Siren - Panorama 2023 |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202306311.html |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=www.berlinale.de |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৪ |''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ'' |নাছৰিন |ইৰান ৰিকলিছ | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=2023-05-05 |title=Cannes: Golshifteh Farahani, Zar Amir-Ebrahimi to Lead Eran Riklis' Adaptation of Iranian Novel 'Reading Lolita in Tehran' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/golshiften-farahani-zar-amir-ebrahimi-reading-lolita-in-tehran-1235480099/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> |} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== tmfnka2ov7nmtlxbms69u26rhxoe34v 608825 608824 2026-05-26T09:26:17Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* */ 608825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মিনা কাভানী | image = Mina Kavani, Berlinale 2023 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = ২০২৩ চনৰ বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত কাভানী | native_name = مینا کاوانی | birth_name = মিনা খোছৰোভানী | birth_date = May 23 1989 | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = | death_place = | native_name_lang = fa | other_names = | citizenship = {{flatlist| * ইৰান * ফ্ৰান্স<ref name="elle">{{Cite web |last=Dupuis |first=Nathalie |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani : " Projeter des films iraniens, c'est faire un bras d'honneur à ceux who oppress us " |url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/News/Mina-Kavani-Projeter-des-films-iraniens-c-est-faire-un-bras-d-honneur-a-ceux-qui-nous-oppressent-4071251 |website=Elle |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="trend">{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani: "To screen Iranian films is to give the finger of honor to those who oppress us" |url=https://news.trenddetail.com/news/182307.html |website=Trend Detail News}}</ref> }} | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০১০–বৰ্তমান | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ ড্ৰামেটিক আৰ্টছ স্কুল | education = | spouse = | partner = | website = }} '''মিনা খোছৰোভানী''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مینا خسروانی; জন্ম ২৩ মে', ১৯৮৯) পেছাদাৰীভাৱে '''মিনা কাভানী''' নামেৰে পৰিচিত, হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী-ফৰাচী অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ মূলতঃ ''নো বেয়াৰ্ছ'' (২০২২) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে পৰিচিত, যিখন ছবিয়ে ৭৯ সংখ্যক ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত স্পেচিয়েল জুৰী প্ৰাইজ লাভ কৰিছিল। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == মিনা কাভানীৰ জন্ম তেহৰাণত হৈছিল। এটা কলাত্মক পৰ পৰিয়ালত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মিনা হৈছে প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালক আলী ৰাফীৰ ভাগিনীয়েক। তেওঁ পেৰিছৰ ‘কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰ ডি আৰ্ট ড্ৰামেটিক’ (CNSAD)ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir">{{cite news|url=http://rouzegareno.ir|title=Mina Khosravani in French Movie Red Rose|newspaper=rouzegareno.ir|access-date=2014-07-09|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=استایل خاص "مینا کاوانی" روی فرش قرمز ونیز - آفتاب |url=https://35981988.khabarban.com/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=35981988.khabarban.com}}</ref> সৰুৰে পৰাই অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত মিনাই বাৰ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নাটকৰ ৰিহাৰ্চেলত নিয়মীয়াকৈ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ষোল্ল বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত তেহৰাণৰ চিটি থিয়েটাৰৰ মঞ্চত ''ইট ডাজ নট স্ন’ ইন ইজিপ্ত'' নামৰ নাটকখনৰ জৰিয়তে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ অভিষেক ঘটায়। ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ ইৰানত এগৰাকী মঞ্চ অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে তেওঁ ''ওথেলো'', ''এণ্টিগনে'', ''লা মিউজিকা'' আৰু ''জেটাইছ ডানছ মা মৈছন এট জেটেণ্ডাইছ কুৱে লা প্লেই ভিইন''-ৰ দৰে নাটকত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=fa:پوشش متفاوت «مینا کاوانی» روی فرش قرمز جشنواره ونیز/ عکس |url=https://eghtesadnews.com... |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:اقتصادنیوز |language=fa |newspaper=اقتصادنیوز }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Didaremrooz |script-title=fa:مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://didaremrooz.ir/1401/06/20/%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a8%d8%ae/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:دیدار امروز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> কাভানীয়ে ইৰানৰ কেইবাগৰাকীও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালকৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। তেইশ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ পুনৰ পেৰিছলৈ যায় আৰু দানিয়েল মেছগুইচ সঞ্চালক হৈ থকাৰ সময়তে জঁ ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ ক্লাছৰ অংশ হিচাপে কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰত নামভৰ্তি কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> ২০১২ চনত বেন এফ্লেকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত অস্কাৰ বিজয়ী ছবি ''আৰ্গো''-ত তেওঁ ছাহাৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। ২০১৩ চনত কাভানীয়ে চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চীৰ ছবি ''ৰেড ৰ’জ''-ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ ছাৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.agencesartistiques.com/Fiche-Artiste/332224-mina-kavani.html|title=Mina KAVANI|newspaper=agencesartistiques.com|access-date=2014-07-09|language=French}}</ref> ছবিখন টৰণ্টো চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱ, মাৰাডেক মহোৎসৱ আৰু চিকাগো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ দৰে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মঞ্চত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনত কিছু উলংগতা থকাৰ বাবে কাভানী ইৰানী সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ ভাবুকিৰ বলি হ’বলগীয়া হয়, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁ নিৰ্ব্বাসিত জীৱন কটাবলগীয়া হয়। ছবিখনত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ক প্ৰশংসা কৰি ইছাবেল হুপাৰ্ট আৰু বাৰ্ট্ৰাণ্ড বনেলোৱে জনোৱা সমৰ্থনৰ সহায়ত তেওঁ ৰাজনৈতিক শৰণাৰ্থীৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=November 6, 2022 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |website=Asian Movie Pulse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2022-10-10 |title=Jafar Panahi Shares Statement at NYFF: 'The Hope of Creating Again Is a Reason for Existence' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2022/10/jafar-panahi-statement-nyff-no-bears-screening-1234771038/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত কাভানীয়ে ৰোলেণ্ড টিমচিটৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত ইৰানৰ সমসাময়িক কবি ফৰুগ ফাৰোখজাদৰ কবিতা আবৃত্তি কৰি ‘অডিঅ’ন-থিয়েটাৰ ডি ইউৰোপ’ৰ মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰখ্যাত ফৰাচী অভিনেতা জঁ-ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ সৈতে ‘অডিটৰিয়াম অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা নেচনেল ডি লিঁও’ত উপস্থিত হৈ ''হেপ্পী ডেইজ শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ'' পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=2022-11-06 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Asian Movie Pulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2022-09-12 |title=Venice 2022 draws to an emotional close, underlines solidarity with detained Iranian filmmakers |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/venice-2022-draws-to-an-emotional-close-underlines-solidarity-with-detained-iranian-filmmakers/5174350.article |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Screen }}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ কান চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰীৰ অন্যতম সদস্য হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। পেট্ৰিক ডি চেলোৰিছ এই জুৰীৰ সভাপতি আছিল।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir" /> ২০১৫ আৰু ২০১৬ চনত এভিগনন মহোৎসৱৰ সময়ত বৰবৰা হাটৰ ''মালিনা'' নামৰ নাটকত তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সমসাময়িক কবি ইনজেবৰ্গ বাখমেনৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৬ চনত মৰক্কোৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰেৰ চুটি ছবি ''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স''-ত তেওঁ লিলিৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://www.sarpoosh.com/art-cinema/actors-director/actors-director1401062020.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=sarpoosh |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید /زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.rokna.net/بخش-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%8... |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=رکنا |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭-১৮ চনত কাভানীয়ে ২০০৬ চনৰ সাহিত্যৰ নোবেল বঁটা বিজয়ী তুৰ্কীৰ লেখক অৰহান পামুকৰ উপন্যাসৰ নাট্য ৰূপান্তৰ ''স্ন’''-ত ইপেক চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ষ্ট্ৰাছবাৰ্গৰ নেচনেল থিয়েটাৰৰ ব্ল্যাণ্ডিন সাভেটিয়েৰৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত এই নাটকখন সমগ্ৰ ফ্ৰান্স আৰু চীনত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=مینا کاوانی: این قدر نقش آدم های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید - زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.barkhat.news/plus/166319124212/mina-kavani-don-t-give-us-women-the-role-of-miserable-people-iranian-women-are-modern-and-strong |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=برخط نیوز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত তেওঁ জাফৰ পানাহীৰ ''নো বায়াৰ্চ''ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত বিশেষ জুৰী বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁ সহ অভিনেতা গোলশিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী আৰু জাৰ আমিৰ ইব্ৰাহিমীৰ সৈতে ''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ''ত অভিনয় কৰে। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == কাভানীয়ে ২০১০ চনত ফ্ৰান্সলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ফ্ৰান্সৰ নাগৰিকত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balmer |first=Crispian |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Empty chair for jailed Iranian Director at Venice film fest |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/empty-chair-jailed-iranian-director-venice-film-fest-2022-09-09/ |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="elle"/><ref name="trend"/> == চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == === চলচ্চিত্ৰ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style=font-size:100% ! scope="col" | বছৰ ! scope="col" | নাম ! scope="col" | চৰিত্ৰ ! scope="col" | পৰিচালক ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | টোকা ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | তথ্যসূত্ৰ |- ! scope=row| ২০১০ | ''মিষ্টাৰ ইউছেফ'' | ছাৰা |আলী ৰাফী | | <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row| ২০১২ | ''আৰ্গো'' || ছাহাৰ (কণ্ঠ) || বেন এফ্লেক | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৪ | ''ৰেড ৰ’জ'' ||ছাৰা|| চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৬ |''মাই ডেড টকছ বুলশ্বিট'' | |শাহৰিয়াৰ শ্বান্দিজ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০১৮ |''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স'' |লিলি |কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰে |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০২০ |''ডিচেণ্ট পিপল'' |লা-ছেজ মহিলা |মেক্সিম ৰয় |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২১ |''আণ্ডাৰকভাৰ'' |এণ্টোৰাজ কৰিম ফাছি |থিয়েৰী ডি পেৰেটি | | |- |''হাইড্ৰেঞ্জাছ ইন ৱিণ্টৰ'' |পাৰভিনেহ |হেলেন ৰাষ্টেগাৰ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২২ |''দ্য গাৰ্ল এণ্ড দ্য বয়'' |মালিনা |জঁ-মেৰী বেছেট | | |- | ''নো বায়াৰ্চ'' ||ঝাৰা|| জাফৰ পানাহী | || <ref name="NoBearsScreenDailyRelease">{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=11 May 2022 |title=Celluloid Dreams to launch Jafar Panahi's new film 'No Bears' at Cannes (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/celluloid-dreams-to-launch-jafar-panahis-new-film-no-bears-at-cannes-exclusive/5170338.article |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Screen Daily |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৩ |''দ্য ছাইৰেন'' |(কণ্ঠ) |চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী |এনিমেটেড ছবি |<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Sirène {{!}} The Siren - Panorama 2023 |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202306311.html |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=www.berlinale.de |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৪ |''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ'' |নাছৰিন |ইৰান ৰিকলিছ | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=2023-05-05 |title=Cannes: Golshifteh Farahani, Zar Amir-Ebrahimi to Lead Eran Riklis' Adaptation of Iranian Novel 'Reading Lolita in Tehran' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/golshiften-farahani-zar-amir-ebrahimi-reading-lolita-in-tehran-1235480099/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> |} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== o8g2l7zpqj7q3dkozl42qctyk8dgijg 608827 608825 2026-05-26T09:27:37Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* বাহ্যিক সংযোগ */ 608827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মিনা কাভানী | image = Mina Kavani, Berlinale 2023 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = ২০২৩ চনৰ বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত কাভানী | native_name = مینا کاوانی | birth_name = মিনা খোছৰোভানী | birth_date = May 23 1989 | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = | death_place = | native_name_lang = fa | other_names = | citizenship = {{flatlist| * ইৰান * ফ্ৰান্স<ref name="elle">{{Cite web |last=Dupuis |first=Nathalie |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani : " Projeter des films iraniens, c'est faire un bras d'honneur à ceux who oppress us " |url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/News/Mina-Kavani-Projeter-des-films-iraniens-c-est-faire-un-bras-d-honneur-a-ceux-qui-nous-oppressent-4071251 |website=Elle |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="trend">{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani: "To screen Iranian films is to give the finger of honor to those who oppress us" |url=https://news.trenddetail.com/news/182307.html |website=Trend Detail News}}</ref> }} | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০১০–বৰ্তমান | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ ড্ৰামেটিক আৰ্টছ স্কুল | education = | spouse = | partner = | website = }} '''মিনা খোছৰোভানী''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مینا خسروانی; জন্ম ২৩ মে', ১৯৮৯) পেছাদাৰীভাৱে '''মিনা কাভানী''' নামেৰে পৰিচিত, হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী-ফৰাচী অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ মূলতঃ ''নো বেয়াৰ্ছ'' (২০২২) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে পৰিচিত, যিখন ছবিয়ে ৭৯ সংখ্যক ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত স্পেচিয়েল জুৰী প্ৰাইজ লাভ কৰিছিল। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == মিনা কাভানীৰ জন্ম তেহৰাণত হৈছিল। এটা কলাত্মক পৰ পৰিয়ালত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মিনা হৈছে প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালক আলী ৰাফীৰ ভাগিনীয়েক। তেওঁ পেৰিছৰ ‘কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰ ডি আৰ্ট ড্ৰামেটিক’ (CNSAD)ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir">{{cite news|url=http://rouzegareno.ir|title=Mina Khosravani in French Movie Red Rose|newspaper=rouzegareno.ir|access-date=2014-07-09|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=استایل خاص "مینا کاوانی" روی فرش قرمز ونیز - آفتاب |url=https://35981988.khabarban.com/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=35981988.khabarban.com}}</ref> সৰুৰে পৰাই অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত মিনাই বাৰ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নাটকৰ ৰিহাৰ্চেলত নিয়মীয়াকৈ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ষোল্ল বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত তেহৰাণৰ চিটি থিয়েটাৰৰ মঞ্চত ''ইট ডাজ নট স্ন’ ইন ইজিপ্ত'' নামৰ নাটকখনৰ জৰিয়তে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ অভিষেক ঘটায়। ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ ইৰানত এগৰাকী মঞ্চ অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে তেওঁ ''ওথেলো'', ''এণ্টিগনে'', ''লা মিউজিকা'' আৰু ''জেটাইছ ডানছ মা মৈছন এট জেটেণ্ডাইছ কুৱে লা প্লেই ভিইন''-ৰ দৰে নাটকত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=fa:پوشش متفاوت «مینا کاوانی» روی فرش قرمز جشنواره ونیز/ عکس |url=https://eghtesadnews.com... |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:اقتصادنیوز |language=fa |newspaper=اقتصادنیوز }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Didaremrooz |script-title=fa:مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://didaremrooz.ir/1401/06/20/%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a8%d8%ae/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:دیدار امروز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> কাভানীয়ে ইৰানৰ কেইবাগৰাকীও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালকৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। তেইশ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ পুনৰ পেৰিছলৈ যায় আৰু দানিয়েল মেছগুইচ সঞ্চালক হৈ থকাৰ সময়তে জঁ ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ ক্লাছৰ অংশ হিচাপে কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰত নামভৰ্তি কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> ২০১২ চনত বেন এফ্লেকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত অস্কাৰ বিজয়ী ছবি ''আৰ্গো''-ত তেওঁ ছাহাৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। ২০১৩ চনত কাভানীয়ে চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চীৰ ছবি ''ৰেড ৰ’জ''-ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ ছাৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.agencesartistiques.com/Fiche-Artiste/332224-mina-kavani.html|title=Mina KAVANI|newspaper=agencesartistiques.com|access-date=2014-07-09|language=French}}</ref> ছবিখন টৰণ্টো চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱ, মাৰাডেক মহোৎসৱ আৰু চিকাগো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ দৰে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মঞ্চত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনত কিছু উলংগতা থকাৰ বাবে কাভানী ইৰানী সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ ভাবুকিৰ বলি হ’বলগীয়া হয়, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁ নিৰ্ব্বাসিত জীৱন কটাবলগীয়া হয়। ছবিখনত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ক প্ৰশংসা কৰি ইছাবেল হুপাৰ্ট আৰু বাৰ্ট্ৰাণ্ড বনেলোৱে জনোৱা সমৰ্থনৰ সহায়ত তেওঁ ৰাজনৈতিক শৰণাৰ্থীৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=November 6, 2022 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |website=Asian Movie Pulse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2022-10-10 |title=Jafar Panahi Shares Statement at NYFF: 'The Hope of Creating Again Is a Reason for Existence' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2022/10/jafar-panahi-statement-nyff-no-bears-screening-1234771038/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত কাভানীয়ে ৰোলেণ্ড টিমচিটৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত ইৰানৰ সমসাময়িক কবি ফৰুগ ফাৰোখজাদৰ কবিতা আবৃত্তি কৰি ‘অডিঅ’ন-থিয়েটাৰ ডি ইউৰোপ’ৰ মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰখ্যাত ফৰাচী অভিনেতা জঁ-ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ সৈতে ‘অডিটৰিয়াম অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা নেচনেল ডি লিঁও’ত উপস্থিত হৈ ''হেপ্পী ডেইজ শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ'' পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=2022-11-06 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Asian Movie Pulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2022-09-12 |title=Venice 2022 draws to an emotional close, underlines solidarity with detained Iranian filmmakers |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/venice-2022-draws-to-an-emotional-close-underlines-solidarity-with-detained-iranian-filmmakers/5174350.article |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Screen }}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ কান চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰীৰ অন্যতম সদস্য হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। পেট্ৰিক ডি চেলোৰিছ এই জুৰীৰ সভাপতি আছিল।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir" /> ২০১৫ আৰু ২০১৬ চনত এভিগনন মহোৎসৱৰ সময়ত বৰবৰা হাটৰ ''মালিনা'' নামৰ নাটকত তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সমসাময়িক কবি ইনজেবৰ্গ বাখমেনৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৬ চনত মৰক্কোৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰেৰ চুটি ছবি ''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স''-ত তেওঁ লিলিৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://www.sarpoosh.com/art-cinema/actors-director/actors-director1401062020.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=sarpoosh |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید /زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.rokna.net/بخش-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%8... |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=رکنا |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭-১৮ চনত কাভানীয়ে ২০০৬ চনৰ সাহিত্যৰ নোবেল বঁটা বিজয়ী তুৰ্কীৰ লেখক অৰহান পামুকৰ উপন্যাসৰ নাট্য ৰূপান্তৰ ''স্ন’''-ত ইপেক চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ষ্ট্ৰাছবাৰ্গৰ নেচনেল থিয়েটাৰৰ ব্ল্যাণ্ডিন সাভেটিয়েৰৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত এই নাটকখন সমগ্ৰ ফ্ৰান্স আৰু চীনত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=مینا کاوانی: این قدر نقش آدم های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید - زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند ! |url=https://www.barkhat.news/plus/166319124212/mina-kavani-don-t-give-us-women-the-role-of-miserable-people-iranian-women-are-modern-and-strong |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=برخط نیوز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত তেওঁ জাফৰ পানাহীৰ ''নো বায়াৰ্চ''ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত বিশেষ জুৰী বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁ সহ অভিনেতা গোলশিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী আৰু জাৰ আমিৰ ইব্ৰাহিমীৰ সৈতে ''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ''ত অভিনয় কৰে। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == কাভানীয়ে ২০১০ চনত ফ্ৰান্সলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ফ্ৰান্সৰ নাগৰিকত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balmer |first=Crispian |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Empty chair for jailed Iranian Director at Venice film fest |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/empty-chair-jailed-iranian-director-venice-film-fest-2022-09-09/ |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="elle"/><ref name="trend"/> == চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == === চলচ্চিত্ৰ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style=font-size:100% ! scope="col" | বছৰ ! scope="col" | নাম ! scope="col" | চৰিত্ৰ ! scope="col" | পৰিচালক ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | টোকা ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | তথ্যসূত্ৰ |- ! scope=row| ২০১০ | ''মিষ্টাৰ ইউছেফ'' | ছাৰা |আলী ৰাফী | | <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row| ২০১২ | ''আৰ্গো'' || ছাহাৰ (কণ্ঠ) || বেন এফ্লেক | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৪ | ''ৰেড ৰ’জ'' ||ছাৰা|| চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৬ |''মাই ডেড টকছ বুলশ্বিট'' | |শাহৰিয়াৰ শ্বান্দিজ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০১৮ |''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স'' |লিলি |কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰে |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০২০ |''ডিচেণ্ট পিপল'' |লা-ছেজ মহিলা |মেক্সিম ৰয় |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২১ |''আণ্ডাৰকভাৰ'' |এণ্টোৰাজ কৰিম ফাছি |থিয়েৰী ডি পেৰেটি | | |- |''হাইড্ৰেঞ্জাছ ইন ৱিণ্টৰ'' |পাৰভিনেহ |হেলেন ৰাষ্টেগাৰ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২২ |''দ্য গাৰ্ল এণ্ড দ্য বয়'' |মালিনা |জঁ-মেৰী বেছেট | | |- | ''নো বায়াৰ্চ'' ||ঝাৰা|| জাফৰ পানাহী | || <ref name="NoBearsScreenDailyRelease">{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=11 May 2022 |title=Celluloid Dreams to launch Jafar Panahi's new film 'No Bears' at Cannes (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/celluloid-dreams-to-launch-jafar-panahis-new-film-no-bears-at-cannes-exclusive/5170338.article |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Screen Daily |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৩ |''দ্য ছাইৰেন'' |(কণ্ঠ) |চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী |এনিমেটেড ছবি |<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Sirène {{!}} The Siren - Panorama 2023 |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202306311.html |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=www.berlinale.de |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৪ |''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ'' |নাছৰিন |ইৰান ৰিকলিছ | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=2023-05-05 |title=Cannes: Golshifteh Farahani, Zar Amir-Ebrahimi to Lead Eran Riklis' Adaptation of Iranian Novel 'Reading Lolita in Tehran' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/golshiften-farahani-zar-amir-ebrahimi-reading-lolita-in-tehran-1235480099/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> |} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name|6877833}} *[http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=139103220200 Profile at ''SourehCinema''] k1z747lawwwqwjj1g3gwt3auynlunv2 608828 608827 2026-05-26T09:28:09Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মিনা কাভানী | image = Mina Kavani, Berlinale 2023 (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = ২০২৩ চনৰ বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত কাভানী | native_name = مینا کاوانی | birth_name = মিনা খোছৰোভানী | birth_date = May 23 1989 | birth_place = [[তেহৰাণ]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = | death_place = | native_name_lang = fa | other_names = | citizenship = {{flatlist| * ইৰান * ফ্ৰান্স<ref name="elle">{{Cite web |last=Dupuis |first=Nathalie |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani : " Projeter des films iraniens, c'est faire un bras d'honneur à ceux who oppress us " |url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/News/Mina-Kavani-Projeter-des-films-iraniens-c-est-faire-un-bras-d-honneur-a-ceux-qui-nous-oppressent-4071251 |website=Elle |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="trend">{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2022 |title=Mina Kavani: "To screen Iranian films is to give the finger of honor to those who oppress us" |url=https://news.trenddetail.com/news/182307.html |website=Trend Detail News}}</ref> }} | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ২০১০–বৰ্তমান | alma_mater = তেহৰাণ ড্ৰামেটিক আৰ্টছ স্কুল | education = | spouse = | partner = | website = }} '''মিনা খোছৰোভানী''' ([[ফাৰ্চী]]: مینا خسروانی; জন্ম ২৩ মে', ১৯৮৯) পেছাদাৰীভাৱে '''মিনা কাভানী''' নামেৰে পৰিচিত, হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী-ফৰাচী অভিনেত্ৰী। তেওঁ মূলতঃ ''নো বেয়াৰ্ছ'' (২০২২) চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে পৰিচিত, যিখন ছবিয়ে ৭৯সংখ্যক ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত স্পেচিয়েল জুৰী প্ৰাইজ লাভ কৰিছিল। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == মিনা কাভানীৰ জন্ম তেহৰাণত হৈছিল। এটা কলাত্মক পৰ পৰিয়ালত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হোৱা মিনা হৈছে প্ৰখ্যাত চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালক আলী ৰাফীৰ ভাগিনীয়েক। তেওঁ পেৰিছৰ ‘কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰ ডি আৰ্ট ড্ৰামেটিক’ (CNSAD)ৰপৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir">{{cite news|url=http://rouzegareno.ir|title=Mina Khosravani in French Movie Red Rose|newspaper=rouzegareno.ir|access-date=2014-07-09|language=Persian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=استایل خاص "مینا کاوانی" روی فرش قرمز ونیز - آفتاب |url=https://35981988.khabarban.com/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=35981988.khabarban.com}}</ref> সৰুৰেপৰাই অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত মিনাই বাৰ বছৰ বয়সৰপৰাই তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নাটকৰ ৰিহাৰ্চেলত নিয়মীয়াকৈ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ষোল্ল বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ মোমায়েকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত তেহৰাণৰ চিটি থিয়েটাৰৰ মঞ্চত ''ইট ডাজ নট স্ন’ ইন ইজিপ্ত'' নামৰ নাটকখনৰ জৰিয়তে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ অভিষেক ঘটায়। ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ ইৰানত এগৰাকী মঞ্চ অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে তেওঁ ''ওথেলো'', ''এণ্টিগনে'', ''লা মিউজিকা'' আৰু ''জেটাইছ ডানছ মা মৈছন এট জেটেণ্ডাইছ কুৱে লা প্লেই ভিইন''-ৰ দৰে নাটকত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |script-title=fa:پوشش متفاوت «مینا کاوانی» روی فرش قرمز جشنواره ونیز/ عکس |url=https://eghtesadnews.com... |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:اقتصادنیوز |language=fa |newspaper=اقتصادنیوز }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Didaremrooz |script-title=fa:مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://didaremrooz.ir/1401/06/20/%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d8%a7-%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%82%d8%b4-%d8%a2%d8%af%d9%85%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a8%d8%ae/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |script-website=fa:دیدار امروز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> কাভানীয়ে ইৰানৰ কেইবাগৰাকীও গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু নাট্য পৰিচালকৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। তেইছ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ পুনৰ পেৰিছলৈ যায় আৰু দানিয়েল মেছগুইচ সঞ্চালক হৈ থকাৰ সময়তে জঁ ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ ক্লাছৰ অংশ হিচাপে কনচাৰভেটৰী নেচনেল ছুপেৰিয়ৰত নামভৰ্তি কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> ২০১২ চনত বেন এফ্লেকৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত অস্কাৰ বিজয়ী ছবি ''আৰ্গো''-ত তেওঁ ছাহাৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। ২০১৩ চনত কাভানীয়ে চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চীৰ ছবি ''ৰেড ৰ’জ''-ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ ছাৰাৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.agencesartistiques.com/Fiche-Artiste/332224-mina-kavani.html|title=Mina KAVANI|newspaper=agencesartistiques.com|access-date=2014-07-09|language=French}}</ref> ছবিখন টৰণ্টো চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱ, মাৰাডেক মহোৎসৱ আৰু চিকাগো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ দৰে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মঞ্চত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনত কিছু উলংগতা থকাৰ বাবে কাভানী ইৰানী সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ ভাবুকিৰ বলি হ’বলগীয়া হয়, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁ নিৰ্বাসিত জীৱন কটাবলগীয়া হয়। ছবিখনত কৰা সুন্দৰ অভিনয়ক প্ৰশংসা কৰি ইছাবেল হুপাৰ্ট আৰু বাৰ্ট্ৰাণ্ড বনেলোৱে জনোৱা সমৰ্থনৰ সহায়ত তেওঁ ৰাজনৈতিক শৰণাৰ্থীৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=November 6, 2022 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |website=Asian Movie Pulse}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zilko |first=Christian |date=2022-10-10 |title=Jafar Panahi Shares Statement at NYFF: 'The Hope of Creating Again Is a Reason for Existence' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2022/10/jafar-panahi-statement-nyff-no-bears-screening-1234771038/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=IndieWire |language=en}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত কাভানীয়ে ৰোলেণ্ড টিমচিটৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত ইৰানৰ সমসাময়িক কবি ফৰুগ ফাৰোখজাদৰ কবিতা আবৃত্তি কৰি ‘অডিঅ’ন-থিয়েটাৰ ডি ইউৰোপ’ৰ মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰখ্যাত ফৰাচী অভিনেতা জঁ-ডেমিয়ান বাৰ্বিনৰ সৈতে ‘অডিটৰিয়াম অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা নেচনেল ডি লিঁও’ত উপস্থিত হৈ ''হেপ্পী ডেইজ শ্বেইকছপীয়েৰ'' পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotzathanasis |first=Panos |date=2022-11-06 |title=Interview With Mina Kavani: Whatever the Limitations Are, Iranian Directors Always Find Ways to Make Their Movies |url=https://asianmoviepulse.com/2022/11/interview-with-mina-kavani-whatever-the-limitations-are-iranian-directors-always-find-ways-to-make-their-movies/ |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Asian Movie Pulse |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Trabattoni |first=Alina |date=2022-09-12 |title=Venice 2022 draws to an emotional close, underlines solidarity with detained Iranian filmmakers |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/venice-2022-draws-to-an-emotional-close-underlines-solidarity-with-detained-iranian-filmmakers/5174350.article |access-date=2022-11-12 |website=Screen }}</ref> একে বছৰতে তেওঁ কান চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰীৰ অন্যতম সদস্য হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। পেট্ৰিক ডি চেলোৰিছ এই জুৰীৰ সভাপতি আছিল।<ref name="rouzegareno.ir" /> ২০১৫ আৰু ২০১৬ চনত এভিগনন মহোৎসৱৰ সময়ত বৰবৰা হাটৰ ''মালিনা'' নামৰ নাটকত তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰিয়াৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সমসাময়িক কবি ইনজেবৰ্গ বাখমেনৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১৬ চনত মৰক্কোৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ নিৰ্মাতা কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰেৰ চুটি ছবি ''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স''-ত তেওঁ লিলিৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-11 |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت به ما ندهید؛زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند |url=https://www.sarpoosh.com/art-cinema/actors-director/actors-director1401062020.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=sarpoosh |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=مینا کاوانی: این‌قدر نقش آدم‌های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید /زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند! |url=https://www.rokna.net/بخش-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%8... |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=رکنا |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭-১৮ চনত কাভানীয়ে ২০০৬ চনৰ সাহিত্যৰ নোবেল বঁটা বিজয়ী তুৰ্কীৰ লেখক অৰহান পামুকৰ উপন্যাসৰ নাট্য ৰূপান্তৰ ''স্ন’''-ত ইপেক চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ষ্ট্ৰাছবাৰ্গৰ নেচনেল থিয়েটাৰৰ ব্ল্যাণ্ডিন সাভেটিয়েৰৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত এই নাটকখন সমগ্ৰ ফ্ৰান্স আৰু চীনত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=مینا کاوانی: این قدر نقش آدم های بدبخت و خاک بر سر را به ما زنان ندهید - زنان ایرانی مدرن و قوی هستند! |url=https://www.barkhat.news/plus/166319124212/mina-kavani-don-t-give-us-women-the-role-of-miserable-people-iranian-women-are-modern-and-strong |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=برخط نیوز |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত তেওঁ জাফৰ পানাহীৰ ''নো বায়াৰ্চ''ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে ভেনিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত বিশেষ জুৰী বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০২৪ চনত তেওঁ সহ অভিনেতা গোলশিফতেহ ফাৰাহানী আৰু জাৰ আমিৰ ইব্ৰাহিমীৰ সৈতে ''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ''ত অভিনয় কৰে। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == কাভানীয়ে ২০১০ চনত ফ্ৰান্সলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয় আৰু ফ্ৰান্সৰ নাগৰিকত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balmer |first=Crispian |date=September 9, 2022 |title=Empty chair for jailed Iranian Director at Venice film fest |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/empty-chair-jailed-iranian-director-venice-film-fest-2022-09-09/ |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="elle"/><ref name="trend"/> == চলচ্চিত্ৰপঞ্জী == === চলচ্চিত্ৰ === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style=font-size:100% ! scope="col" | বছৰ ! scope="col" | নাম ! scope="col" | চৰিত্ৰ ! scope="col" | পৰিচালক ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | টোকা ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | তথ্যসূত্ৰ |- ! scope=row| ২০১০ | ''মিষ্টাৰ ইউছেফ'' | ছাৰা |আলী ৰাফী | | <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row| ২০১২ | ''আৰ্গো'' || ছাহাৰ (কণ্ঠ) || বেন এফ্লেক | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৪ | ''ৰেড ৰ’জ'' ||ছাৰা|| চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী | || <ref name="agencesartistiques.com" /> |- ! scope=row|২০১৬ |''মাই ডেড টকছ বুলশ্বিট'' | |শাহৰিয়াৰ শ্বান্দিজ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০১৮ |''চৌছ ট্ৰান্স'' |লিলি |কামেলিয়া মণ্টাছেৰে |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row|২০২০ |''ডিচেণ্ট পিপল'' |লা-ছেজ মহিলা |মেক্সিম ৰয় |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২১ |''আণ্ডাৰকভাৰ'' |এণ্টোৰাজ কৰিম ফাছি |থিয়েৰী ডি পেৰেটি | | |- |''হাইড্ৰেঞ্জাছ ইন ৱিণ্টৰ'' |পাৰভিনেহ |হেলেন ৰাষ্টেগাৰ |চুটি ছবি | |- ! scope=row rowspan="2" |২০২২ |''দ্য গাৰ্ল এণ্ড দ্য বয়'' |মালিনা |জঁ-মেৰী বেছেট | | |- | ''নো বায়াৰ্চ'' ||ঝাৰা|| জাফৰ পানাহী | || <ref name="NoBearsScreenDailyRelease">{{Cite web |last=Goodfellow |first=Melanie |date=11 May 2022 |title=Celluloid Dreams to launch Jafar Panahi's new film 'No Bears' at Cannes (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/celluloid-dreams-to-launch-jafar-panahis-new-film-no-bears-at-cannes-exclusive/5170338.article |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=Screen Daily |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৩ |''দ্য ছাইৰেন'' |(কণ্ঠ) |চেপিদেহ ফাৰ্চী |এনিমেটেড ছবি |<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Sirène {{!}} The Siren - Panorama 2023 |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202306311.html |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=www.berlinale.de |language=en}}</ref> |- ! scope=row|২০২৪ |''ৰিডিং ললিতা ইন তেহৰাণ'' |নাছৰিন |ইৰান ৰিকলিছ | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ritman |first=Alex |date=2023-05-05 |title=Cannes: Golshifteh Farahani, Zar Amir-Ebrahimi to Lead Eran Riklis' Adaptation of Iranian Novel 'Reading Lolita in Tehran' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/golshiften-farahani-zar-amir-ebrahimi-reading-lolita-in-tehran-1235480099/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> |} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name|6877833}} *[http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=139103220200 Profile at ''SourehCinema''] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] phaigxf38f458hytrtjzryfw3r5d788 0 137060 608833 2026-05-26T09:51:42Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox person | name = মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী | image = مهتاب ثروتی.jpg | landscape = yes | caption = চুইট টেষ্ট অৱ ডাৰ্কনেছ বোলছবিখনত মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী | native_name = مهتاب ثروتی | native_name_lang = Fa | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|1|22}} | birth_place... 608833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী | image = مهتاب ثروتی.jpg | landscape = yes | caption = চুইট টেষ্ট অৱ ডাৰ্কনেছ বোলছবিখনত মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী | native_name = مهتاب ثروتی | native_name_lang = Fa | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|1|22}} | birth_place = ট্ৰেহান, [[ইৰান]] | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ | years_active = ২০১৩–বৰ্তমান }} মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-19|title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی + عکسهای اینستاگرام و زندگی شخصی|url=https://sabzmedia.com/biography-mahtab-servati/|access-date=2021-09-24|website=سبزمدیا|language=fa-IR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-22|title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی؛ از عکاسی تا بازیگری با ناگفته‌ها|url=https://photokade.com/بیوگرافی-مهتاب-ثروتی/|access-date=2021-09-24|language=fa-IR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی، بازیگر محبوب سینما + تصاویر|url=https://shomanews.com|access-date=2021-09-24|website=پایگاه خبری شما نیوز|language=fa}}</ref> ৭০ সংখ্যক বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত গ’ল্ডেন বিয়েৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰা ''দেয়াৰ ইজ নো ইভিল'' বোলছবিখনত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ আটাইতকৈ বেছি পৰিচিত।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Meza|first=Ed|date=2020-02-29|title='There Is No Evil' Wins Golden Bear at Berlin Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/berlin-film-festival-2020-award-winners-1203519894/|access-date=2021-09-24|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-29|title=Berlin International Film Festival: Iranian film about executions wins top prize|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51693417|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ''ৱান্স আপন এ টাইম ইন ইৰান'' আৰু ''দ্য ট্ৰান্সলেটৰ'' ৱেব শৃংখলাৰ জৰিয়তে বিশেষ স্বীকৃতি আৰু জনপ্ৰিয়তা অৰ্জন কৰে। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == === প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন === মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটীৰ জন্ম ১৯৯২ চনৰ ২২ জানুৱাৰীত ইৰানৰ তহেৰানত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namava |url=https://www.namava.ir/person-17523-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.namava.ir}}</ref> তেওঁ প্ৰথমাৱস্থাত ফটোগ্ৰাফী অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল যদিও পিছলৈ আগ্ৰহৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে ইয়াক এৰি দিয়ে। তেওঁৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফী কাৰ্যকলাপসমূহ প্ৰধানকৈ থিয়েটাৰ আৰু নেপথ্যৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=hamkar7 |date=2023-02-08 |title=بیوگرافی کامل مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/292687/مهتاب-ثروتی-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০১৩ চনত ''ৰূহুল্লাহ'' দূৰদৰ্শন শৃংখলা, ''মাই গ্লুমী বাটাৰফ্লাইজ ইন এ ৱাণ্ডাৰফুল স্প্ৰীং মৰ্নিং'' নাটক আৰু ''দ্য লাষ্ট হুইচপাৰ'' দূৰদৰ্শন চলচ্চিত্ৰত ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی و همسرش {{!}}بررسی آثار +تصاویر خاص |url=http://tanama.ir/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C-p12474 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=تانما |language=fa |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://archive.org |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=«آخرین زمزمه» فیلم تلویزیونی نوروز شبکه دو- اخبار فرهنگی تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1392/12/13/302078/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%8 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرگزاری تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৩ চনত চাজ্জাদ আফচাৰিয়ানৰ নাটক ''মাই গ্লুমী বাটাৰফ্লাইজ ইন এ ৱাণ্ডাৰফুল স্প্ৰীং মৰ্নিং''-ত অভিনেত্ৰী আন্নালি চাকুৰীৰ অভিনয় দেখাৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী হৈ পৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=hamkar7 |date=2023-02-08 |title=بیوگرافی کامل مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/292687/مهتاب-ثروتی-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> নাটকখন চোৱাৰ পিছত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এবছৰ ধৰি চাজ্জাদ আফচাৰিয়ানৰ কৰ্মশালাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছত ২০১৪ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=hamkar7 |date=2023-02-08 |title=بیوگرافی کامل مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/292687/مهتاب-ثروتی-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> === ২০১৪–২০১৯: কেৰিয়াৰৰ আৰম্ভণি === ২০১৪ চনৰ ৩ আগষ্টৰ পৰা ৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰলৈকে প্ৰদৰ্শিত চাজ্জাদ আফচাৰিয়ানৰ নাটক ''ইৰান ভাৰ্চেচ ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া''-ত অভিনয় কৰি চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ পাতনি মেলে। এই নাটকত তেওঁ সহ-লেখিকা হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش ایران استرالیا |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/iranaustralia |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> পিছলৈ তেওঁ ২০১৫ চনৰ ২৬ এপ্ৰিলৰ পৰা ২২ মে’লৈকে হুছেইন হাইদৰীপুৰৰ নাটক ''ৱাট ইজ আদিল ফেৰদৌচিপুৰ ডুইং''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। এই নাটকখন তিনিটা খণ্ডৰে গঠিত আছিল আৰু প্ৰতিটো খণ্ড পৰিয়ালটোৰ তিনিজন সদস্যৰ এজনৰ বিষয়ে আছিল। এইবাৰ চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এগৰাকী বিবাহিতা কন্যাৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল যিয়ে ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش چه میکنه این عادل فردوسی پور |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/adelferdowsipour?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> আমিৰ আহমদ আনচাৰী পৰিচালিত পোনপটীয়াকৈ ভিডিঅ' আকাৰে মুক্তি পোৱা ছবি ''দ্য গিফ্ট''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে সহ-ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=reza |date=2021-02-10 |title=فیلم هدیه {{!}} اسامی و بیوگرافی بازیگران فیلم هدیه به همراه عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/146987/فیلم-هدیه/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনত ইৰান-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ পটভূমিত নিৰ্মিত যুদ্ধভিত্তিক ড্ৰামা ধাৰাবাহিক ''কিমিয়া''-ৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ সৰু পৰ্দাত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে। ইয়াত তেওঁ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ কিমিয়াৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰিয় বান্ধৱী ছালমা নামৰ এগৰাকী গৰ্ভৱতী দক্ষিণদেশীয় মহিলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। চৰিত্ৰটো ফুটাই তুলিবলৈ চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে খুজেস্তানী আৰবী উপভাষাৰ অভ্যাস কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখন ইৰানৰ টেলিভিছন ইতিহাসৰ দ্বিতীয় আটাইতকৈ দীঘলীয়া ধাৰাবাহিক আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ساعت و زمان پخش سریال کیمیا از شبکه آی فیلم |url=https://www.shomanews.com/بخش-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%8... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=پایگاه خبری شما نیوز |language=fa}}</ref> সমালোচকৰ পৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি পালেও ধাৰাবাহিকখনে ব্যৱসায়িকভাৱে সফলতা লাভ কৰে আৰু ইৰানৰ টেলিভিছন ইতিহাসৰ অন্যতম সৰ্বাধিক ৰেটিং প্ৰাপ্ত ড্ৰামাত পৰিণত হয়। ''কিমিয়া'' ধাৰাবাহিকখনে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক আৰু শ্ৰেষ্ঠ চিত্ৰনাট্যসহ চাৰিখন হাফেজ বঁটাৰ মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে আৰু পিছৰখন বঁটা জয় কৰে। কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখত অভিনয়ৰ জ্ঞান কম থকাৰ বাবে তেওঁ কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখৰ প্ৰথম অভিজ্ঞতাটোক বেয়া বুলি সোঁৱৰণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=شانزدهمین دوره جشن حافظ (سال ۱۳۹۵) - جشن حافظ |url=https://www.hafezawards.com/16th-hafez-awards-1395/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ৩৪ সংখ্যক ফাজৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত মজিদ তাভাকোলীৰ ছবি ''বৰ্ন ইন ১৯৮৭''-ৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ ডাঙৰ পৰ্দাত ভৰি দিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + زندگینامه |url=https://namnamak.com/%D9%81%D8%B1%... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=نم نمک |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনৰ নাটক ''খোদাবাচ''-ত তেওঁ মূল ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش خدابس |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/khodabas?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনৰ ৩০ অক্টোবৰৰ পৰা ১১ নৱেম্বৰলৈকে আলীৰেজা আজলীৰ নাটক ''এ ফিউ স্লিপচ অন দ্য এজ অৱ দ্য হেডচ অৱ এ টুইষ্টেড পজিশন''-ত তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش چند تکه‌ی لغزان بر لبه‌ی سران یک وضعیت پیچان |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/chandtekeh.laghzan?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> আলীৰেজা আফখামী পৰিচালিত চিকিৎসাভিত্তিক টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''নাৰ্চেচ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ফাতেমেহ দাদমান নামৰ এগৰাকী ৰোগীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখনে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিককে ধৰি তিনিখন মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=سریال پرستاران از امشب روی آنتن شبکه یک +عکس |url=https://jamejamonline.ir/fa/news/1001057 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=jamejamonline.ir |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনৰ ৮ জুনৰ পৰা ২৪ জুলাইলৈকে তেওঁ হাছান মাদজুনীৰ নাটক ''ইনচিডেন্ট ৱিথ এ মেট্ৰানপাজ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=تیوال نمایش ماجرای مترانپاژ |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/metranpazh?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> চৈয়দ চুলতানী পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা ধাৰাবাহিক ''ইন চাৰ্চ অৱ পিচ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে চাৰা চাৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখনে ১৮ সংখ্যক হাফেজ বঁটাত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ চিত্ৰনাট্যৰ মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-11 |title=بازدید مدیر شبکه تهران از سریالی با بازی مهدی هاشمی و داریوش فرهنگ |url=https://www.isna.ir/news/95122113709/... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=ایسنا |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=هجدهمین دوره جشن حافظ (سال ۱۳۹۷) - جشن حافظ |url=https://www.hafezawards.com/18th-hafez-awards-1397/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত ৰাণা আজাদীভাৰ আৰু আমিৰ আঘাইৰ সৈতে ৰহস্যধৰ্মী ড্ৰামা ছবি ''প্ৰাইভেচী''-ত তেওঁ ডৰ্চা নামৰ এগৰাকী কিশোৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যাৰ প্ৰাক্তন প্ৰেমিকে তাইক অনবৰতে হাৰাশাস্তি আৰু ভাবুকি দি আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=حریم شخصی |url=https://www.filimo.com/m/0MOsc |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=فیلیمو |language=fa}}</ref> পিছলৈ চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ২০১৮ চনৰ ২ মে’ৰ পৰা ১৮ মে’লৈ পুনৰবাৰ হাছান মাদজুনীৰ নাটক ''ইনচিডেন্ট ৱিথ এ মেট্ৰানপাজ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে, এইবাৰ এখন বেলেগ মঞ্চত।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش ماجرای مترانپاژ |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/metranpazh2?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে দুখন ছবি ক্ৰমে ''পাস্তাৰিওনী'' আৰু ''অেননিয়মিটি''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। দুয়োখন ছবিয়ে সমালোচকৰ পৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি লাভ কৰিছিল। ৰোমাণ্টিক-কমেডী ছবি ''পাস্তাৰিওনী''-ত তেওঁ গোহাৰ খেইৰাণ্ডিছৰ সৈতে ফেৰেষ্টেহ তোৰাবী নামৰ এগৰাকী নতুন ৰান্ধনীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল যিয়ে নিজৰ মালিকৰ প্ৰেমত পৰে।<ref>{{Citation |title=پاستاریونی |url=https://www.filimo.com/m/8CtkI |language=fa |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> অপৰাধধৰ্মী ড্ৰামা ছবি ''অেননিয়মিটি''-ত তেওঁ বাৰণ কোচাৰী আৰু হাছান মাদজুনীৰ সৈতে অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=نقد و بررسی فیلم سینمایی بی نامی اثر علیرضا صمدی {{!}} سلام‌سینما |url=https://www.salamcinama.ir/critic/524/... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.salamcinama.ir}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনত তেওঁ নিজৰ প্ৰথম চুটি ছবি ''ড’ণ্ট ফৰগেট টুডে''-ত মহিলা মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, য’ত তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ স্বামী ৰেজা গৰ্ভপাতৰ পূৰ্বে স্বাস্থ্য পৰীক্ষাৰ বাবে হাস্পতাললৈ যায়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=فیلم کوتاه امروزُ یادت نره دیدئو dideo |url=https://www.dideo.ir/v/ap/L3qMu/... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=dideo |language=en}}</ref> বেহজাদ খোদচভেয়চীৰ ছবি ''ডটাৰ্চ অৱ ৱিণ্টৰ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য ছবিত নীলুফাৰ নামৰ এগৰাকী শ্ৰমিক শ্ৰেণীৰ ছোৱালীৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। এই ছবিখন অংগদানৰ বিষয়ৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=فیلم دختران زمستان (1397) {{!}} بازیگران+عکس‌ها {{!}} سلام‌سینما |url=https://www.salamcinama.ir/movie/NK7n/%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.salamcinama.ir}}</ref> পিছলৈ তেওঁ ২০১৯ চনতে আৰু দুখন চুটি ছবি ক্ৰমে ''শ্বেডো অৱ পাৰ্পল'' আৰু ''এ-অৰ্টা''-ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=سایه ارغوان |url=https://www.filimo.com/m/25ydb |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=filimo}}</ref> === ২০২০: সফলতা === ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ৬ মাহৰ অনুশীলনৰ পিছত মাত্ৰ দুটা প্ৰদৰ্শনীৰ বাবে ৰামিন আকবৰীৰ মনেল’গ নাটক ''ষ্টিপুলেচন নম্বৰ টু''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। তেওঁ এই প্ৰদৰ্শনীক নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ সন্তোষজনক অভিনয়ৰ অভিজ্ঞতা বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=چه کسی صندلی را جابه‌جا کرده است؟ |url=https://integre.ir/reviews-and-theaters/vaziate-shomareh-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=اَنتِگره |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে তেওঁৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বিষয়ে কয় যে, এগৰাকী মহিলা যিয়ে ঘৰত অনবৰতে আন এগৰাকী মহিলাক দেখা পায়, আৰু অভিনয়ৰ সময়ত তেওঁৰ সন্মুখত থকা চকীখন কাৰোবাৰ স্মৃতিচিহ্ন, আৰু এই মহিলাগৰাকীৰ ঘৰটো ইমানেই সৰু যে খোজ কাঢ়োঁতে দুৱাৰ আৰু দেৱালত খুন্দা খাইছিল। কোনোবা এটা সময়ৰ পৰা এই মহিলাগৰাকীৰ এটা ভ্ৰম হৈছিল যে চকীখন ফুলি উঠিছে আৰু তাইৰ ঘৰৰ ঠাইখিনি অধিকাৰ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Citation |title=Mahtab Servati {{!}} عکاسی برایم هیجانی که فکر میکردم را نداشت |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LPgWotUEYM |language=en |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে মহম্মদ ৰাছৌলফৰ বোলছবি ''দেয়াৰ ইজ নো ইভিল''-ত নানা চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ছবিখন ৭০ সংখ্যক বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনে সৰ্বজনীন প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰাৰ লগতে গ’ল্ডেন বিয়েৰ বঁটাও লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-29 |title=Berlin International Film Festival: Iranian film about executions wins top prize |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51693417 |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> ছবিখনৰ তৃতীয়টো খণ্ডত দেখা পোৱা চাৰ্ভাটীৰ নানা চৰিত্ৰটো আছিল গাঁৱৰ এজন শিক্ষকৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক থকা এগৰাকী গাঁৱলীয়া ছোৱালী, যি গৰাকী শিক্ষকক ভিন্ন মতাদৰ্শৰ বাবে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=There Is No Evil review – passionate plea against Iran's soul-poisoning executions {{!}} Movies {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/30/there-is-no-evil-review-passionate-plea-against-irans-soul-poisoning-executions |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=There Is No Evil review – devastating everyday tales of life under Iran's brutal regime {{!}} World cinema {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/05/there-is-no-evil-review-mohammad-rasoulof-golden-bear-iran-death-penalty-drama |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত তেওঁ হাদী মোগাদ্দামদুষ্ট পৰিচালিত যুদ্ধভিত্তিক ড্ৰামা দূৰদৰ্শন শৃংখলা ''চ’লজাৰ''-ত মিনা মোৱাফী হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰি তিনি বছৰৰ পিছত পুনৰ সৰু পৰ্দালৈ ঘূৰি আহে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=مشهد ایستگاه پایانی سریال &quot;سرباز&quot; + عکس‌های جدید- اخبار رادیو و تل - اخبار فرهنگی تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1398/10/07/2169226/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرگزاری تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |language=fa}}</ref> মেহৰান মাহদাবিয়ান পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা ছবি ''পাৰভা''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিখন ছবিয়ে ২০২০ চনৰ ২৯ অক্টোবৰৰ পৰা ৮ নৱেম্বৰলৈ স্পেইনত অনুষ্ঠিত ১১ সংখ্যক লেইডা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ চিনেমা ডেল মন শাখাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-21 |title=Spain's Lleida Film Festival to host Iranian 'Parva' |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/164940/Spain-s-Lleida-Film-Festival-to-host-Iranian-Parva |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=Mehr News Agency |language=en}}</ref> === ২০২১–২০২২: ব্যাপক স্বীকৃতি === ২০২১ চনত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এখন ৱেব শৃংখলা, দুখন পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু তিনিখন চুটি ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে। বাবক বাহৰাম বেইগী পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''এট দ্য এণ্ড অৱ দ্য ডে''-ত তেওঁ হানিয়ে টাভাছোলী আৰু চাবনম মোঘাদ্দামীৰ সৈতে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০২১ চনৰ জুন মাহত ইয়াৰ দৃশ্যগ্ৰহণ আৰম্ভ হৈ পৰৱৰ্তী মাহত শেষ হয়। এই ছবিখন এতিয়ালৈকে ৰাজহুৱাকৈ মুক্তি দিয়া হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-28 |title=هانیه توسلی بازیگر «چهره به چهره» شد {{!}} سینماایده‌آل |url=https://www.cinemaideal.ir/news/839/%C3%99%C2%87%C3%98%C2%A7%C3%99%C2%86%C3%9B%C2%8C%C3%99%C2%87-%C3%98%C2%AA%C3%99%C2%88%C3%98%C2%B3%C3%99%C2%84%C3%9B%C2%8C-%C3%98%C2%A8%C3%98%C2%A7%C3%98%C2%B2%C3%9B%C2%8C%C3%9A%C2%AF%C3%98%C2%B1-%C3%9A%C2%86%C3%99%C2%87%C3%98%C2%B1%C3%99%C2%87 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=سینماایده‌آل {{!}} پایگاه خبری تحلیلی سینماایده‌آل |language=fa}}</ref> মিলাদ মানচুৰী পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''কুলবাৰ্ফ''-ত তেওঁ এগৰাকী কুৰ্দিছ ছোৱালীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল আৰু এগৰাকী কোলবাৰ ছোৱালী চেনুৰৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কুৰ্দিছ উপভাষা শিকিবলগীয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-06 |title=«کولبرف»، دو جایزه از جشنواره وی‌آی‌زد بلغارستان دریافت کرد |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1522427/کولبرف-دو-جایزه-از-جشنواره-وی-آی-زد-بلغارستان-دریافت-کرد |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرآنلاین |language=fa}}</ref> প্ৰথমখন চুটি ছবি ''ছাৰ্ভাইভাৰ অৱ দ্য ডে'' ৰচুল চদৰ আমেলীয়ে প্ৰযোজনা কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ মহম্মদৰেজা চদৰ আমেলীয়ে পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল। ৩৮ সংখ্যক তহেৰান আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চুটি চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত মোস্তফা চুলেমানী পৰিচালিত দ্বিতীয়খন চুটি ছবি ''গাৰ্ডেন''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এগৰাকী পলাতক ছোৱালীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে এজন বৃদ্ধ ব্যক্তিৰ ওচৰত সহায় বিচাৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال فیلم کوتاه حیاط |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/hayat?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=راه‌یابی فیلم کوتاه |url=https://rawco.ir/News/راهیابی-فیلم-کوتاه-حیاط-به-کارگردانی-مصطفی-سلیمانی-به-بیستمین-دوره-ischia-global-film-festival |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=کمپانی بین المللی RAW |language=fa-IR}}</ref> মিত্ৰা ৰাইচমোহাম্মদী পৰিচালিত তৃতীয়খন চুটি ছবি ''চুইট টেষ্ট অৱ ডাৰ্কনেছ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এগৰাকী দুখী আৰু হতাশাগ্ৰস্ত যুৱতী মাতৃৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, যাৰ সাত বছৰীয়া পুত্ৰই নিজকে বেটমেন চৰিত্ৰটোৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰে আৰু বন্ধুবৰ্গক বিপদজনক কাম কৰিবলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-12 |title=«طعم شیرین تاریکی» در جشنواره اماراتی {{!}} سینما خانه {{!}} پایگاه خبری سینما، تئاتر و تلویزیون |url=https://cinemahouse.ir |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=سینما خانه {{!}} پایگاه خبری سینما، تئاتر و تلویزیون {{!}} اخبار سینما، تئاتر و تلویزیون |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SWEET TASTE OF DARKNESS from MITRA RAEESMOHAMMADI – KIDS FIRST! Reviews and Videos |url=https://www.kidsfirst.org/detail/221141.html |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.kidsfirst.org}}</ref> এই অভিনয়ৰ বাবে চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ২০২১ চনত এফএফটিজি বঁটাত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ প্ৰথমটো মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=FFTG Awards Film Fest 2021 Official Winners |url=https://fftgawards.com/fftg-awards-film-fest-2021-official-winners/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=FFTG Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> তেওঁ টিনা পাকৰাভান পৰিচালিত ৰোমাণ্টিক ঐতিহাসিক ড্ৰামা শৃংখলা ''ৱান্স আপন এ টাইম ইন ইৰান''-ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ১৯৪১ চনত দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইৰানত এংলো-ছোভিয়েট আক্ৰমণৰ পিছত ছোভিয়েট বাহিনীয়ে চাইবেৰিয়ালৈ নিৰ্বাসিত কৰা এগৰাকী জাৰ্মান মাতৃৰ জীয়ৰী তথা ইৰানী-জাৰ্মান চিত্ৰশিল্পী মেৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰি চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ব্যাপক স্বীকৃতি আৰু জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰে। এই শৃংখলাটোৱে সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰাৰ লগতে ইয়াৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবেও ভূয়সী প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=جهان |first=راهبرد معاصر-آخرین اخبار ایران و |date=2021-10-13 |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر نقش ماری سریال خاتون+ عکس |url=http://rahbordemoaser.ir/fa/news/105350 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=fa |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-25 |title=معرفی و آشنایی کامل با سریال های قبله عالم، خاتون و زخم کاری + زمان پخش |url=https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/1249944/معرفی-و-آشنایی-کامل-با-سریال-های-قبله-عالم-خاتون-و-زخم-کاری |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مشرق نیوز |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=فیلیمو‌شات |date=2021-07-15 |title=سریال خاتون؛ عشق در سال‌های اشغال |url=https://www.filimo.com/shot/93762/سریال-خاتون/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=فیلیموشات |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ছায়েদেহ দালিৰিয়ান পৰিচালিত চুটি ছবি ''এচেছ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিখন ছবি ২৬ সংখ্যক কেনবেৰা চুটি চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=ظفرنیا |first=پونه |date=2022-02-26 |title=رقابت 10 اثر کوتاه ایرانی در جشنواره «زنان فیلم‌ساز» ترکیه |url=https://iycs.ir/رقابت-10-اثر-کوتاه-ایرانی-در-جشنواره-زن/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=انجمن سینمای جوانان ایران |language=fa-IR}}</ref> আলী হাজৰাটী পৰিচালিত ২০২২ চনৰ ৰহস্যঘন ড্ৰামা ছবি ''দ্য টাউন''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে চাৱেড চো হেইলিৰ বিপৰীতে ফেৰেষ্টেহ নামৰ এগৰাকী উচ্চাকাংক্ষী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-14 |title=فیلم «شهرک» با بازی ساعد سهیلی، آماده نمایش شد |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1592525/فیلم-شهرک-با-بازی-ساعد-سهیلی-آماده-نمایش-شد |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرآنلاین |language=fa}}</ref> ছবিখন ৪০ সংখ্যক ফজৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল আৰু ৩টা মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=اخبار |url=https://fajrfilmfestival.com/news/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=جشنواره فیلم فجر |language=fa-IR}}</ref> যদিও ছবিখনে মিশ্ৰিত পৰ্যালোচনা লাভ কৰিছিল, তথাপিও সমালোচকসকলে চাৰ্ভাটীৰ অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰিছিল। ফিলিমোৰ কামাল পুৰকাভেই চাৰ্ভাটীৰ অভিনয়ক মনোযোগ আকৰ্ষণকাৰী বুলি অভিহিত কৰাৰ লগতে ছবিখনৰ অন্যতম শ্ৰেষ্ঠ ৩টা দিশৰ ভিতৰত তাইৰ অভিনয়ক তালিকাভুক্ত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=آرشیو |date=2022-02-09 |title=همه چیز درباره فیلم شهرک |url=https://www.filimo.com/shot/114840/فیلم-شهرک/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=فیلیموشات |language=fa-IR}}</ref> === ২০২৩: মুখ্য ভূমিকা === ২০২৩ চনত তেওঁ এখন ধাৰাবাহিকত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰাৰ সুযোগ পায়। অপৰাধধৰ্মী ৰহস্যঘন ৱেব শৃংখলা ''দ্য ট্ৰান্সলেটৰ''-ত তেওঁ গজালেহ নামৰ এগৰাকী যুৱ unuবাদকৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিয়ে নিজৰ ককায়েকৰ ৰহস্যজনক মৃত্যুৰ সত্যতা বিচাৰি ফুৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بازیگران سریال مترجم و زمان پخش آن |url=https://namnak.com/motarjem-series-cast.p88047 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=نمناک |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Namava |url=https://www.namava.ir/series/133661-the_translator |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.namava.ir}}</ref> এই শৃংখলাটো বাহৰাম তাভাকোলীয়ে পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল, যিয়ে ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বে সমালোচকৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰশংসিত ধাৰাবাহিক ''ব্লু হোৱেল''-ৰ চিত্ৰনাট্যকাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=تازه |first=حرف |date=2019-01-27 |title=خلاصه سریال نهنگ آبی {{!}} زمان پخش و بازیگران سریال نهنگ آبی |url=https://harfetaze.com/24831/سریال-نهنگ-آبی/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে হুছেইন ৰিগী পৰিচালিত ক্ৰীড়াভিত্তিক ড্ৰামা ছবি ''হুক''-ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিখন ছবি ৪১ সংখ্যক ফাজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। চৰিত্ৰটোৰ পটভূমিৰ বাবে তেওঁ বালোচী উপভাষা শিকিবলগীয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=خبرگزاری فارس {{!}} جشنواره فیلم فجر{{!}} «هوک»؛ ادای دینی قابل‌تقدیر به گونه مهجور سینمای اقلیم |url=https://www.farsnews.ir/amp/14011120001197 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.farsnews.ir}}</ref> == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে তেওঁৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ সৈতে বসবাস কৰে। তেওঁৰ আমিৰ নামৰ এজন ভাই আৰু নেগিন নামৰ এগৰাকী ভগ্নী আছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + زندگینامه |url=https://namnamak.com/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=نم نمک |language=fa-IR}}</ref> তেওঁ য়ালদা নাইটক তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰিয় উৎসৱ বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Citation |title=Mahtab Servati {{!}} عکاسی برایم هیجانی که فکر میکردم را نداشت |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LPgWotUEYM |language=en |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== bdku18ys214jjqwbkn0wd0uu023hdva 608835 608833 2026-05-26T09:56:10Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* বাহ্যিক সংযোগ */ 608835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী | image = مهتاب ثروتی.jpg | landscape = yes | caption = চুইট টেষ্ট অৱ ডাৰ্কনেছ বোলছবিখনত মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী | native_name = مهتاب ثروتی | native_name_lang = Fa | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|1|22}} | birth_place = ট্ৰেহান, [[ইৰান]] | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ | years_active = ২০১৩–বৰ্তমান }} মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-19|title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی + عکسهای اینستاگرام و زندگی شخصی|url=https://sabzmedia.com/biography-mahtab-servati/|access-date=2021-09-24|website=سبزمدیا|language=fa-IR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-22|title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی؛ از عکاسی تا بازیگری با ناگفته‌ها|url=https://photokade.com/بیوگرافی-مهتاب-ثروتی/|access-date=2021-09-24|language=fa-IR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی، بازیگر محبوب سینما + تصاویر|url=https://shomanews.com|access-date=2021-09-24|website=پایگاه خبری شما نیوز|language=fa}}</ref> ৭০ সংখ্যক বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত গ’ল্ডেন বিয়েৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰা ''দেয়াৰ ইজ নো ইভিল'' বোলছবিখনত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ আটাইতকৈ বেছি পৰিচিত।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Meza|first=Ed|date=2020-02-29|title='There Is No Evil' Wins Golden Bear at Berlin Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/berlin-film-festival-2020-award-winners-1203519894/|access-date=2021-09-24|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-29|title=Berlin International Film Festival: Iranian film about executions wins top prize|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51693417|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ''ৱান্স আপন এ টাইম ইন ইৰান'' আৰু ''দ্য ট্ৰান্সলেটৰ'' ৱেব শৃংখলাৰ জৰিয়তে বিশেষ স্বীকৃতি আৰু জনপ্ৰিয়তা অৰ্জন কৰে। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == === প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন === মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটীৰ জন্ম ১৯৯২ চনৰ ২২ জানুৱাৰীত ইৰানৰ তহেৰানত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namava |url=https://www.namava.ir/person-17523-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.namava.ir}}</ref> তেওঁ প্ৰথমাৱস্থাত ফটোগ্ৰাফী অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল যদিও পিছলৈ আগ্ৰহৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে ইয়াক এৰি দিয়ে। তেওঁৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফী কাৰ্যকলাপসমূহ প্ৰধানকৈ থিয়েটাৰ আৰু নেপথ্যৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=hamkar7 |date=2023-02-08 |title=بیوگرافی کامل مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/292687/مهتاب-ثروتی-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০১৩ চনত ''ৰূহুল্লাহ'' দূৰদৰ্শন শৃংখলা, ''মাই গ্লুমী বাটাৰফ্লাইজ ইন এ ৱাণ্ডাৰফুল স্প্ৰীং মৰ্নিং'' নাটক আৰু ''দ্য লাষ্ট হুইচপাৰ'' দূৰদৰ্শন চলচ্চিত্ৰত ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی و همسرش {{!}}بررسی آثار +تصاویر خاص |url=http://tanama.ir/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C-p12474 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=تانما |language=fa |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://archive.org |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=«آخرین زمزمه» فیلم تلویزیونی نوروز شبکه دو- اخبار فرهنگی تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1392/12/13/302078/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%8 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرگزاری تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৩ চনত চাজ্জাদ আফচাৰিয়ানৰ নাটক ''মাই গ্লুমী বাটাৰফ্লাইজ ইন এ ৱাণ্ডাৰফুল স্প্ৰীং মৰ্নিং''-ত অভিনেত্ৰী আন্নালি চাকুৰীৰ অভিনয় দেখাৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী হৈ পৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=hamkar7 |date=2023-02-08 |title=بیوگرافی کامل مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/292687/مهتاب-ثروتی-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> নাটকখন চোৱাৰ পিছত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এবছৰ ধৰি চাজ্জাদ আফচাৰিয়ানৰ কৰ্মশালাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছত ২০১৪ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=hamkar7 |date=2023-02-08 |title=بیوگرافی کامل مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/292687/مهتاب-ثروتی-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> === ২০১৪–২০১৯: কেৰিয়াৰৰ আৰম্ভণি === ২০১৪ চনৰ ৩ আগষ্টৰ পৰা ৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰলৈকে প্ৰদৰ্শিত চাজ্জাদ আফচাৰিয়ানৰ নাটক ''ইৰান ভাৰ্চেচ ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া''-ত অভিনয় কৰি চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ পাতনি মেলে। এই নাটকত তেওঁ সহ-লেখিকা হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش ایران استرالیا |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/iranaustralia |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> পিছলৈ তেওঁ ২০১৫ চনৰ ২৬ এপ্ৰিলৰ পৰা ২২ মে’লৈকে হুছেইন হাইদৰীপুৰৰ নাটক ''ৱাট ইজ আদিল ফেৰদৌচিপুৰ ডুইং''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। এই নাটকখন তিনিটা খণ্ডৰে গঠিত আছিল আৰু প্ৰতিটো খণ্ড পৰিয়ালটোৰ তিনিজন সদস্যৰ এজনৰ বিষয়ে আছিল। এইবাৰ চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এগৰাকী বিবাহিতা কন্যাৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল যিয়ে ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش چه میکنه این عادل فردوسی پور |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/adelferdowsipour?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> আমিৰ আহমদ আনচাৰী পৰিচালিত পোনপটীয়াকৈ ভিডিঅ' আকাৰে মুক্তি পোৱা ছবি ''দ্য গিফ্ট''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে সহ-ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=reza |date=2021-02-10 |title=فیلم هدیه {{!}} اسامی و بیوگرافی بازیگران فیلم هدیه به همراه عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/146987/فیلم-هدیه/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনত ইৰান-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ পটভূমিত নিৰ্মিত যুদ্ধভিত্তিক ড্ৰামা ধাৰাবাহিক ''কিমিয়া''-ৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ সৰু পৰ্দাত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে। ইয়াত তেওঁ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ কিমিয়াৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰিয় বান্ধৱী ছালমা নামৰ এগৰাকী গৰ্ভৱতী দক্ষিণদেশীয় মহিলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। চৰিত্ৰটো ফুটাই তুলিবলৈ চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে খুজেস্তানী আৰবী উপভাষাৰ অভ্যাস কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখন ইৰানৰ টেলিভিছন ইতিহাসৰ দ্বিতীয় আটাইতকৈ দীঘলীয়া ধাৰাবাহিক আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ساعت و زمان پخش سریال کیمیا از شبکه آی فیلم |url=https://www.shomanews.com/بخش-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%8... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=پایگاه خبری شما نیوز |language=fa}}</ref> সমালোচকৰ পৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি পালেও ধাৰাবাহিকখনে ব্যৱসায়িকভাৱে সফলতা লাভ কৰে আৰু ইৰানৰ টেলিভিছন ইতিহাসৰ অন্যতম সৰ্বাধিক ৰেটিং প্ৰাপ্ত ড্ৰামাত পৰিণত হয়। ''কিমিয়া'' ধাৰাবাহিকখনে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক আৰু শ্ৰেষ্ঠ চিত্ৰনাট্যসহ চাৰিখন হাফেজ বঁটাৰ মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে আৰু পিছৰখন বঁটা জয় কৰে। কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখত অভিনয়ৰ জ্ঞান কম থকাৰ বাবে তেওঁ কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখৰ প্ৰথম অভিজ্ঞতাটোক বেয়া বুলি সোঁৱৰণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=شانزدهمین دوره جشن حافظ (سال ۱۳۹۵) - جشن حافظ |url=https://www.hafezawards.com/16th-hafez-awards-1395/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ৩৪ সংখ্যক ফাজৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত মজিদ তাভাকোলীৰ ছবি ''বৰ্ন ইন ১৯৮৭''-ৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ ডাঙৰ পৰ্দাত ভৰি দিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + زندگینامه |url=https://namnamak.com/%D9%81%D8%B1%... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=نم نمک |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনৰ নাটক ''খোদাবাচ''-ত তেওঁ মূল ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش خدابس |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/khodabas?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনৰ ৩০ অক্টোবৰৰ পৰা ১১ নৱেম্বৰলৈকে আলীৰেজা আজলীৰ নাটক ''এ ফিউ স্লিপচ অন দ্য এজ অৱ দ্য হেডচ অৱ এ টুইষ্টেড পজিশন''-ত তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش چند تکه‌ی لغزان بر لبه‌ی سران یک وضعیت پیچان |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/chandtekeh.laghzan?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> আলীৰেজা আফখামী পৰিচালিত চিকিৎসাভিত্তিক টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''নাৰ্চেচ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ফাতেমেহ দাদমান নামৰ এগৰাকী ৰোগীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখনে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিককে ধৰি তিনিখন মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=سریال پرستاران از امشب روی آنتن شبکه یک +عکس |url=https://jamejamonline.ir/fa/news/1001057 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=jamejamonline.ir |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনৰ ৮ জুনৰ পৰা ২৪ জুলাইলৈকে তেওঁ হাছান মাদজুনীৰ নাটক ''ইনচিডেন্ট ৱিথ এ মেট্ৰানপাজ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=تیوال نمایش ماجرای مترانپاژ |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/metranpazh?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> চৈয়দ চুলতানী পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা ধাৰাবাহিক ''ইন চাৰ্চ অৱ পিচ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে চাৰা চাৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখনে ১৮ সংখ্যক হাফেজ বঁটাত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ চিত্ৰনাট্যৰ মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-11 |title=بازدید مدیر شبکه تهران از سریالی با بازی مهدی هاشمی و داریوش فرهنگ |url=https://www.isna.ir/news/95122113709/... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=ایسنا |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=هجدهمین دوره جشن حافظ (سال ۱۳۹۷) - جشن حافظ |url=https://www.hafezawards.com/18th-hafez-awards-1397/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত ৰাণা আজাদীভাৰ আৰু আমিৰ আঘাইৰ সৈতে ৰহস্যধৰ্মী ড্ৰামা ছবি ''প্ৰাইভেচী''-ত তেওঁ ডৰ্চা নামৰ এগৰাকী কিশোৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যাৰ প্ৰাক্তন প্ৰেমিকে তাইক অনবৰতে হাৰাশাস্তি আৰু ভাবুকি দি আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=حریم شخصی |url=https://www.filimo.com/m/0MOsc |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=فیلیمو |language=fa}}</ref> পিছলৈ চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ২০১৮ চনৰ ২ মে’ৰ পৰা ১৮ মে’লৈ পুনৰবাৰ হাছান মাদজুনীৰ নাটক ''ইনচিডেন্ট ৱিথ এ মেট্ৰানপাজ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে, এইবাৰ এখন বেলেগ মঞ্চত।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش ماجرای مترانپاژ |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/metranpazh2?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে দুখন ছবি ক্ৰমে ''পাস্তাৰিওনী'' আৰু ''অেননিয়মিটি''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। দুয়োখন ছবিয়ে সমালোচকৰ পৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি লাভ কৰিছিল। ৰোমাণ্টিক-কমেডী ছবি ''পাস্তাৰিওনী''-ত তেওঁ গোহাৰ খেইৰাণ্ডিছৰ সৈতে ফেৰেষ্টেহ তোৰাবী নামৰ এগৰাকী নতুন ৰান্ধনীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল যিয়ে নিজৰ মালিকৰ প্ৰেমত পৰে।<ref>{{Citation |title=پاستاریونی |url=https://www.filimo.com/m/8CtkI |language=fa |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> অপৰাধধৰ্মী ড্ৰামা ছবি ''অেননিয়মিটি''-ত তেওঁ বাৰণ কোচাৰী আৰু হাছান মাদজুনীৰ সৈতে অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=نقد و بررسی فیلم سینمایی بی نامی اثر علیرضا صمدی {{!}} سلام‌سینما |url=https://www.salamcinama.ir/critic/524/... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.salamcinama.ir}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনত তেওঁ নিজৰ প্ৰথম চুটি ছবি ''ড’ণ্ট ফৰগেট টুডে''-ত মহিলা মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, য’ত তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ স্বামী ৰেজা গৰ্ভপাতৰ পূৰ্বে স্বাস্থ্য পৰীক্ষাৰ বাবে হাস্পতাললৈ যায়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=فیلم کوتاه امروزُ یادت نره دیدئو dideo |url=https://www.dideo.ir/v/ap/L3qMu/... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=dideo |language=en}}</ref> বেহজাদ খোদচভেয়চীৰ ছবি ''ডটাৰ্চ অৱ ৱিণ্টৰ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য ছবিত নীলুফাৰ নামৰ এগৰাকী শ্ৰমিক শ্ৰেণীৰ ছোৱালীৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। এই ছবিখন অংগদানৰ বিষয়ৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=فیلم دختران زمستان (1397) {{!}} بازیگران+عکس‌ها {{!}} سلام‌سینما |url=https://www.salamcinama.ir/movie/NK7n/%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.salamcinama.ir}}</ref> পিছলৈ তেওঁ ২০১৯ চনতে আৰু দুখন চুটি ছবি ক্ৰমে ''শ্বেডো অৱ পাৰ্পল'' আৰু ''এ-অৰ্টা''-ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=سایه ارغوان |url=https://www.filimo.com/m/25ydb |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=filimo}}</ref> === ২০২০: সফলতা === ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ৬ মাহৰ অনুশীলনৰ পিছত মাত্ৰ দুটা প্ৰদৰ্শনীৰ বাবে ৰামিন আকবৰীৰ মনেল’গ নাটক ''ষ্টিপুলেচন নম্বৰ টু''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। তেওঁ এই প্ৰদৰ্শনীক নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ সন্তোষজনক অভিনয়ৰ অভিজ্ঞতা বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=چه کسی صندلی را جابه‌جا کرده است؟ |url=https://integre.ir/reviews-and-theaters/vaziate-shomareh-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=اَنتِگره |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে তেওঁৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বিষয়ে কয় যে, এগৰাকী মহিলা যিয়ে ঘৰত অনবৰতে আন এগৰাকী মহিলাক দেখা পায়, আৰু অভিনয়ৰ সময়ত তেওঁৰ সন্মুখত থকা চকীখন কাৰোবাৰ স্মৃতিচিহ্ন, আৰু এই মহিলাগৰাকীৰ ঘৰটো ইমানেই সৰু যে খোজ কাঢ়োঁতে দুৱাৰ আৰু দেৱালত খুন্দা খাইছিল। কোনোবা এটা সময়ৰ পৰা এই মহিলাগৰাকীৰ এটা ভ্ৰম হৈছিল যে চকীখন ফুলি উঠিছে আৰু তাইৰ ঘৰৰ ঠাইখিনি অধিকাৰ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Citation |title=Mahtab Servati {{!}} عکاسی برایم هیجانی که فکر میکردم را نداشت |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LPgWotUEYM |language=en |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে মহম্মদ ৰাছৌলফৰ বোলছবি ''দেয়াৰ ইজ নো ইভিল''-ত নানা চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ছবিখন ৭০ সংখ্যক বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনে সৰ্বজনীন প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰাৰ লগতে গ’ল্ডেন বিয়েৰ বঁটাও লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-29 |title=Berlin International Film Festival: Iranian film about executions wins top prize |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51693417 |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> ছবিখনৰ তৃতীয়টো খণ্ডত দেখা পোৱা চাৰ্ভাটীৰ নানা চৰিত্ৰটো আছিল গাঁৱৰ এজন শিক্ষকৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক থকা এগৰাকী গাঁৱলীয়া ছোৱালী, যি গৰাকী শিক্ষকক ভিন্ন মতাদৰ্শৰ বাবে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=There Is No Evil review – passionate plea against Iran's soul-poisoning executions {{!}} Movies {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/30/there-is-no-evil-review-passionate-plea-against-irans-soul-poisoning-executions |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=There Is No Evil review – devastating everyday tales of life under Iran's brutal regime {{!}} World cinema {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/05/there-is-no-evil-review-mohammad-rasoulof-golden-bear-iran-death-penalty-drama |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত তেওঁ হাদী মোগাদ্দামদুষ্ট পৰিচালিত যুদ্ধভিত্তিক ড্ৰামা দূৰদৰ্শন শৃংখলা ''চ’লজাৰ''-ত মিনা মোৱাফী হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰি তিনি বছৰৰ পিছত পুনৰ সৰু পৰ্দালৈ ঘূৰি আহে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=مشهد ایستگاه پایانی سریال &quot;سرباز&quot; + عکس‌های جدید- اخبار رادیو و تل - اخبار فرهنگی تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1398/10/07/2169226/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرگزاری تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |language=fa}}</ref> মেহৰান মাহদাবিয়ান পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা ছবি ''পাৰভা''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিখন ছবিয়ে ২০২০ চনৰ ২৯ অক্টোবৰৰ পৰা ৮ নৱেম্বৰলৈ স্পেইনত অনুষ্ঠিত ১১ সংখ্যক লেইডা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ চিনেমা ডেল মন শাখাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-21 |title=Spain's Lleida Film Festival to host Iranian 'Parva' |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/164940/Spain-s-Lleida-Film-Festival-to-host-Iranian-Parva |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=Mehr News Agency |language=en}}</ref> === ২০২১–২০২২: ব্যাপক স্বীকৃতি === ২০২১ চনত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এখন ৱেব শৃংখলা, দুখন পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু তিনিখন চুটি ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে। বাবক বাহৰাম বেইগী পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''এট দ্য এণ্ড অৱ দ্য ডে''-ত তেওঁ হানিয়ে টাভাছোলী আৰু চাবনম মোঘাদ্দামীৰ সৈতে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০২১ চনৰ জুন মাহত ইয়াৰ দৃশ্যগ্ৰহণ আৰম্ভ হৈ পৰৱৰ্তী মাহত শেষ হয়। এই ছবিখন এতিয়ালৈকে ৰাজহুৱাকৈ মুক্তি দিয়া হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-28 |title=هانیه توسلی بازیگر «چهره به چهره» شد {{!}} سینماایده‌آل |url=https://www.cinemaideal.ir/news/839/%C3%99%C2%87%C3%98%C2%A7%C3%99%C2%86%C3%9B%C2%8C%C3%99%C2%87-%C3%98%C2%AA%C3%99%C2%88%C3%98%C2%B3%C3%99%C2%84%C3%9B%C2%8C-%C3%98%C2%A8%C3%98%C2%A7%C3%98%C2%B2%C3%9B%C2%8C%C3%9A%C2%AF%C3%98%C2%B1-%C3%9A%C2%86%C3%99%C2%87%C3%98%C2%B1%C3%99%C2%87 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=سینماایده‌آل {{!}} پایگاه خبری تحلیلی سینماایده‌آل |language=fa}}</ref> মিলাদ মানচুৰী পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''কুলবাৰ্ফ''-ত তেওঁ এগৰাকী কুৰ্দিছ ছোৱালীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল আৰু এগৰাকী কোলবাৰ ছোৱালী চেনুৰৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কুৰ্দিছ উপভাষা শিকিবলগীয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-06 |title=«کولبرف»، دو جایزه از جشنواره وی‌آی‌زد بلغارستان دریافت کرد |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1522427/کولبرف-دو-جایزه-از-جشنواره-وی-آی-زد-بلغارستان-دریافت-کرد |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرآنلاین |language=fa}}</ref> প্ৰথমখন চুটি ছবি ''ছাৰ্ভাইভাৰ অৱ দ্য ডে'' ৰচুল চদৰ আমেলীয়ে প্ৰযোজনা কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ মহম্মদৰেজা চদৰ আমেলীয়ে পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল। ৩৮ সংখ্যক তহেৰান আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চুটি চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত মোস্তফা চুলেমানী পৰিচালিত দ্বিতীয়খন চুটি ছবি ''গাৰ্ডেন''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এগৰাকী পলাতক ছোৱালীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে এজন বৃদ্ধ ব্যক্তিৰ ওচৰত সহায় বিচাৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال فیلم کوتاه حیاط |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/hayat?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=راه‌یابی فیلم کوتاه |url=https://rawco.ir/News/راهیابی-فیلم-کوتاه-حیاط-به-کارگردانی-مصطفی-سلیمانی-به-بیستمین-دوره-ischia-global-film-festival |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=کمپانی بین المللی RAW |language=fa-IR}}</ref> মিত্ৰা ৰাইচমোহাম্মদী পৰিচালিত তৃতীয়খন চুটি ছবি ''চুইট টেষ্ট অৱ ডাৰ্কনেছ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এগৰাকী দুখী আৰু হতাশাগ্ৰস্ত যুৱতী মাতৃৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, যাৰ সাত বছৰীয়া পুত্ৰই নিজকে বেটমেন চৰিত্ৰটোৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰে আৰু বন্ধুবৰ্গক বিপদজনক কাম কৰিবলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-12 |title=«طعم شیرین تاریکی» در جشنواره اماراتی {{!}} سینما خانه {{!}} پایگاه خبری سینما، تئاتر و تلویزیون |url=https://cinemahouse.ir |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=سینما خانه {{!}} پایگاه خبری سینما، تئاتر و تلویزیون {{!}} اخبار سینما، تئاتر و تلویزیون |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SWEET TASTE OF DARKNESS from MITRA RAEESMOHAMMADI – KIDS FIRST! Reviews and Videos |url=https://www.kidsfirst.org/detail/221141.html |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.kidsfirst.org}}</ref> এই অভিনয়ৰ বাবে চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ২০২১ চনত এফএফটিজি বঁটাত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ প্ৰথমটো মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=FFTG Awards Film Fest 2021 Official Winners |url=https://fftgawards.com/fftg-awards-film-fest-2021-official-winners/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=FFTG Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> তেওঁ টিনা পাকৰাভান পৰিচালিত ৰোমাণ্টিক ঐতিহাসিক ড্ৰামা শৃংখলা ''ৱান্স আপন এ টাইম ইন ইৰান''-ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ১৯৪১ চনত দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইৰানত এংলো-ছোভিয়েট আক্ৰমণৰ পিছত ছোভিয়েট বাহিনীয়ে চাইবেৰিয়ালৈ নিৰ্বাসিত কৰা এগৰাকী জাৰ্মান মাতৃৰ জীয়ৰী তথা ইৰানী-জাৰ্মান চিত্ৰশিল্পী মেৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰি চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ব্যাপক স্বীকৃতি আৰু জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰে। এই শৃংখলাটোৱে সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰাৰ লগতে ইয়াৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবেও ভূয়সী প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=جهان |first=راهبرد معاصر-آخرین اخبار ایران و |date=2021-10-13 |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر نقش ماری سریال خاتون+ عکس |url=http://rahbordemoaser.ir/fa/news/105350 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=fa |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-25 |title=معرفی و آشنایی کامل با سریال های قبله عالم، خاتون و زخم کاری + زمان پخش |url=https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/1249944/معرفی-و-آشنایی-کامل-با-سریال-های-قبله-عالم-خاتون-و-زخم-کاری |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مشرق نیوز |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=فیلیمو‌شات |date=2021-07-15 |title=سریال خاتون؛ عشق در سال‌های اشغال |url=https://www.filimo.com/shot/93762/سریال-خاتون/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=فیلیموشات |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ছায়েদেহ দালিৰিয়ান পৰিচালিত চুটি ছবি ''এচেছ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিখন ছবি ২৬ সংখ্যক কেনবেৰা চুটি চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=ظفرنیا |first=پونه |date=2022-02-26 |title=رقابت 10 اثر کوتاه ایرانی در جشنواره «زنان فیلم‌ساز» ترکیه |url=https://iycs.ir/رقابت-10-اثر-کوتاه-ایرانی-در-جشنواره-زن/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=انجمن سینمای جوانان ایران |language=fa-IR}}</ref> আলী হাজৰাটী পৰিচালিত ২০২২ চনৰ ৰহস্যঘন ড্ৰামা ছবি ''দ্য টাউন''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে চাৱেড চো হেইলিৰ বিপৰীতে ফেৰেষ্টেহ নামৰ এগৰাকী উচ্চাকাংক্ষী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-14 |title=فیلم «شهرک» با بازی ساعد سهیلی، آماده نمایش شد |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1592525/فیلم-شهرک-با-بازی-ساعد-سهیلی-آماده-نمایش-شد |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرآنلاین |language=fa}}</ref> ছবিখন ৪০ সংখ্যক ফজৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল আৰু ৩টা মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=اخبار |url=https://fajrfilmfestival.com/news/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=جشنواره فیلم فجر |language=fa-IR}}</ref> যদিও ছবিখনে মিশ্ৰিত পৰ্যালোচনা লাভ কৰিছিল, তথাপিও সমালোচকসকলে চাৰ্ভাটীৰ অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰিছিল। ফিলিমোৰ কামাল পুৰকাভেই চাৰ্ভাটীৰ অভিনয়ক মনোযোগ আকৰ্ষণকাৰী বুলি অভিহিত কৰাৰ লগতে ছবিখনৰ অন্যতম শ্ৰেষ্ঠ ৩টা দিশৰ ভিতৰত তাইৰ অভিনয়ক তালিকাভুক্ত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=آرشیو |date=2022-02-09 |title=همه چیز درباره فیلم شهرک |url=https://www.filimo.com/shot/114840/فیلم-شهرک/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=فیلیموشات |language=fa-IR}}</ref> === ২০২৩: মুখ্য ভূমিকা === ২০২৩ চনত তেওঁ এখন ধাৰাবাহিকত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰাৰ সুযোগ পায়। অপৰাধধৰ্মী ৰহস্যঘন ৱেব শৃংখলা ''দ্য ট্ৰান্সলেটৰ''-ত তেওঁ গজালেহ নামৰ এগৰাকী যুৱ unuবাদকৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিয়ে নিজৰ ককায়েকৰ ৰহস্যজনক মৃত্যুৰ সত্যতা বিচাৰি ফুৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بازیگران سریال مترجم و زمان پخش آن |url=https://namnak.com/motarjem-series-cast.p88047 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=نمناک |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Namava |url=https://www.namava.ir/series/133661-the_translator |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.namava.ir}}</ref> এই শৃংখলাটো বাহৰাম তাভাকোলীয়ে পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল, যিয়ে ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বে সমালোচকৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰশংসিত ধাৰাবাহিক ''ব্লু হোৱেল''-ৰ চিত্ৰনাট্যকাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=تازه |first=حرف |date=2019-01-27 |title=خلاصه سریال نهنگ آبی {{!}} زمان پخش و بازیگران سریال نهنگ آبی |url=https://harfetaze.com/24831/سریال-نهنگ-آبی/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে হুছেইন ৰিগী পৰিচালিত ক্ৰীড়াভিত্তিক ড্ৰামা ছবি ''হুক''-ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিখন ছবি ৪১ সংখ্যক ফাজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। চৰিত্ৰটোৰ পটভূমিৰ বাবে তেওঁ বালোচী উপভাষা শিকিবলগীয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=خبرگزاری فارس {{!}} جشنواره فیلم فجر{{!}} «هوک»؛ ادای دینی قابل‌تقدیر به گونه مهجور سینمای اقلیم |url=https://www.farsnews.ir/amp/14011120001197 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.farsnews.ir}}</ref> == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে তেওঁৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ সৈতে বসবাস কৰে। তেওঁৰ আমিৰ নামৰ এজন ভাই আৰু নেগিন নামৰ এগৰাকী ভগ্নী আছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + زندگینامه |url=https://namnamak.com/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=نم نمک |language=fa-IR}}</ref> তেওঁ য়ালদা নাইটক তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰিয় উৎসৱ বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Citation |title=Mahtab Servati {{!}} عکاسی برایم هیجانی که فکر میکردم را نداشت |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LPgWotUEYM |language=en |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9557998/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 Mahtab Servati] at [[IMDB Studio Briefing|IMDb]] *[https://www.instagram.com/mahtabservati/ Mahtab Servati] at [[Instagram]] 1skvddldk0vy982kool08shyxakve0o 608836 608835 2026-05-26T09:56:57Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী | image = مهتاب ثروتی.jpg | landscape = yes | caption = চুইট টেষ্ট অৱ ডাৰ্কনেছ বোলছবিখনত মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী | native_name = مهتاب ثروتی | native_name_lang = Fa | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|1|22}} | birth_place = ট্ৰেহান, [[ইৰান]] | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ | years_active = ২০১৩–বৰ্তমান }} মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটী হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-19|title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی + عکسهای اینستاگرام و زندگی شخصی|url=https://sabzmedia.com/biography-mahtab-servati/|access-date=2021-09-24|website=سبزمدیا|language=fa-IR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-22|title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی؛ از عکاسی تا بازیگری با ناگفته‌ها|url=https://photokade.com/بیوگرافی-مهتاب-ثروتی/|access-date=2021-09-24|language=fa-IR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی، بازیگر محبوب سینما + تصاویر|url=https://shomanews.com|access-date=2021-09-24|website=پایگاه خبری شما نیوز|language=fa}}</ref> ৭০সংখ্যক বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত গ’ল্ডেন বিয়েৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰা ''দেয়াৰ ইজ নো ইভিল'' বোলছবিখনত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ আটাইতকৈ বেছি পৰিচিত।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Meza|first=Ed|date=2020-02-29|title='There Is No Evil' Wins Golden Bear at Berlin Film Festival|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/news/berlin-film-festival-2020-award-winners-1203519894/|access-date=2021-09-24|website=Variety|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-02-29|title=Berlin International Film Festival: Iranian film about executions wins top prize|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51693417|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ''ৱান্স আপন এ টাইম ইন ইৰান'' আৰু ''দ্য ট্ৰান্সলেটৰ'' ৱেব শৃংখলাৰ জৰিয়তে বিশেষ স্বীকৃতি আৰু জনপ্ৰিয়তা অৰ্জন কৰে। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কৰ্মজীৱন == === প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন === মেহতাব চাৰ্ভাটীৰ জন্ম ১৯৯২ চনৰ ২২ জানুৱাৰীত ইৰানৰ তহেৰানত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namava |url=https://www.namava.ir/person-17523-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.namava.ir}}</ref> তেওঁ প্ৰথমাৱস্থাত ফটোগ্ৰাফী অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল যদিও পিছলৈ আগ্ৰহৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে ইয়াক এৰি দিয়ে। তেওঁৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফী কাৰ্যকলাপসমূহ প্ৰধানকৈ থিয়েটাৰ আৰু নেপথ্যৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=hamkar7 |date=2023-02-08 |title=بیوگرافی کامل مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/292687/مهتاب-ثروتی-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০১৩ চনত ''ৰূহুল্লাহ'' দূৰদৰ্শন শৃংখলা, ''মাই গ্লুমী বাটাৰফ্লাইজ ইন এ ৱাণ্ডাৰফুল স্প্ৰীং মৰ্নিং'' নাটক আৰু ''দ্য লাষ্ট হুইচপাৰ'' দূৰদৰ্শন চলচ্চিত্ৰত ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی و همسرش {{!}}بررسی آثار +تصاویر خاص |url=http://tanama.ir/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C-p12474 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=تانما |language=fa |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://archive.org |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=«آخرین زمزمه» فیلم تلویزیونی نوروز شبکه دو- اخبار فرهنگی تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1392/12/13/302078/%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%8 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرگزاری تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৩ চনত চাজ্জাদ আফচাৰিয়ানৰ নাটক ''মাই গ্লুমী বাটাৰফ্লাইজ ইন এ ৱাণ্ডাৰফুল স্প্ৰীং মৰ্নিং''-ত অভিনেত্ৰী আন্নালি চাকুৰীৰ অভিনয় দেখাৰ পিছত তেওঁ অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী হৈ পৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=hamkar7 |date=2023-02-08 |title=بیوگرافی کامل مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/292687/مهتاب-ثروتی-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> নাটকখন চোৱাৰ পিছত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এবছৰ ধৰি চাজ্জাদ আফচাৰিয়ানৰ কৰ্মশালাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছত ২০১৪ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=hamkar7 |date=2023-02-08 |title=بیوگرافی کامل مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/292687/مهتاب-ثروتی-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> === ২০১৪–২০১৯: কেৰিয়াৰৰ আৰম্ভণি === ২০১৪ চনৰ ৩ আগষ্টৰপৰা ৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰলৈকে প্ৰদৰ্শিত চাজ্জাদ আফচাৰিয়ানৰ নাটক ''ইৰান ভাৰ্চেচ ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া''-ত অভিনয় কৰি চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে অভিনয় জীৱনৰ পাতনি মেলে। এই নাটকত তেওঁ সহ-লেখিকা হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش ایران استرالیا |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/iranaustralia |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> পিছলৈ তেওঁ ২০১৫ চনৰ ২৬ এপ্ৰিলৰপৰা ২২ মে’লৈকে হুছেইন হাইদৰীপুৰৰ নাটক ''ৱাট ইজ আদিল ফেৰদৌচিপুৰ ডুইং''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। এই নাটকখন তিনিটা খণ্ডৰে গঠিত আছিল আৰু প্ৰতিটো খণ্ড পৰিয়ালটোৰ তিনিজন সদস্যৰ এজনৰ বিষয়ে আছিল। এইবাৰ চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এগৰাকী বিবাহিতা কন্যাৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল যিয়ে ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ হোৱাৰ সপোন দেখে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش چه میکنه این عادل فردوسی پور |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/adelferdowsipour?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> আমিৰ আহমদ আনচাৰী পৰিচালিত পোনপটীয়াকৈ ভিডিঅ' আকাৰে মুক্তি পোৱা ছবি ''দ্য গিফ্ট''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে সহ-ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=reza |date=2021-02-10 |title=فیلم هدیه {{!}} اسامی و بیوگرافی بازیگران فیلم هدیه به همراه عکس های جدید |url=https://harfetaze.com/146987/فیلم-هدیه/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনত ইৰান-ইৰাক যুদ্ধৰ পটভূমিত নিৰ্মিত যুদ্ধভিত্তিক ড্ৰামা ধাৰাবাহিক ''কিমিয়া''-ৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ সৰু পৰ্দাত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে। ইয়াত তেওঁ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ কিমিয়াৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰিয় বান্ধৱী ছালমা নামৰ এগৰাকী গৰ্ভৱতী দক্ষিণদেশীয় মহিলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। চৰিত্ৰটো ফুটাই তুলিবলৈ চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে খোজেস্তানী আৰবী উপভাষাৰ অভ্যাস কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখন ইৰানৰ টেলিভিছন ইতিহাসৰ দ্বিতীয় আটাইতকৈ দীঘলীয়া ধাৰাবাহিক আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ساعت و زمان پخش سریال کیمیا از شبکه آی فیلم |url=https://www.shomanews.com/بخش-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%8... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=پایگاه خبری شما نیوز |language=fa}}</ref> সমালোচকৰপৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি পালেও ধাৰাবাহিকখনে ব্যাৱসায়িকভাৱে সফলতা লাভ কৰে আৰু ইৰানৰ টেলিভিছন ইতিহাসৰ অন্যতম সৰ্বাধিক ৰেটিং প্ৰাপ্ত ড্ৰামাত পৰিণত হয়। ''কিমিয়া'' ধাৰাবাহিকখনে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক আৰু শ্ৰেষ্ঠ চিত্ৰনাট্যসহ চাৰিখন হাফেজ বঁটাৰ মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে আৰু পিছৰখন বঁটা জয় কৰে। কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখত অভিনয়ৰ জ্ঞান কম থকাৰ বাবে তেওঁ কেমেৰাৰ সন্মুখৰ প্ৰথম অভিজ্ঞতাটোক বেয়া বুলি সোঁৱৰণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=شانزدهمین دوره جشن حافظ (سال ۱۳۹۵) - جشن حافظ |url=https://www.hafezawards.com/16th-hafez-awards-1395/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত ৩৪সংখ্যক ফাজৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত মজিদ তাভাকোলীৰ ছবি ''বৰ্ন ইন ১৯৮৭''-ৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ ডাঙৰ পৰ্দাত ভৰি দিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + زندگینامه |url=https://namnamak.com/%D9%81%D8%B1%... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=نم نمک |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনৰ নাটক ''খোদাবাচ''-ত তেওঁ মূল ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش خدابس |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/khodabas?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনৰ ৩০ অক্টোবৰৰপৰা ১১ নৱেম্বৰলৈকে আলীৰেজা আজলীৰ নাটক ''এ ফিউ স্লিপচ অন দ্য এজ অৱ দ্য হেডচ অৱ এ টুইষ্টেড পজিশন''-ত তেওঁ অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش چند تکه‌ی لغزان بر لبه‌ی سران یک وضعیت پیچان |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/chandtekeh.laghzan?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> আলীৰেজা আফখামী পৰিচালিত চিকিৎসাভিত্তিক টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''নাৰ্চেচ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ফাতেমেহ দাদমান নামৰ এগৰাকী ৰোগীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখনে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিককে ধৰি তিনিখন মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=سریال پرستاران از امشب روی آنتن شبکه یک +عکس |url=https://jamejamonline.ir/fa/news/1001057 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=jamejamonline.ir |language=fa}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনৰ ৮ জুনৰপৰা ২৪ জুলাইলৈকে তেওঁ হাছান মাদজুনীৰ নাটক ''ইনচিডেণ্ট ৱিথ এ মেট্ৰানপাজ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=تیوال نمایش ماجرای مترانپاژ |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/metranpazh?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> চৈয়দ চুলতানী পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা ধাৰাবাহিক ''ইন চাৰ্চ অৱ পিচ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে চাৰা চাৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ধাৰাবাহিকখনে ১৮সংখ্যক হাফেজ বঁটাত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ চিত্ৰনাট্যৰ মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-11 |title=بازدید مدیر شبکه تهران از سریالی با بازی مهدی هاشمی و داریوش فرهنگ |url=https://www.isna.ir/news/95122113709/... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=ایسنا |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=هجدهمین دوره جشن حافظ (سال ۱۳۹۷) - جشن حافظ |url=https://www.hafezawards.com/18th-hafez-awards-1397/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত ৰাণা আজাদীভাৰ আৰু আমিৰ আঘাইৰ সৈতে ৰহস্যধৰ্মী ড্ৰামা ছবি ''প্ৰাইভেচী''-ত তেওঁ ডৰ্চা নামৰ এগৰাকী কিশোৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যাৰ প্ৰাক্তন প্ৰেমিকে তাইক অনৱৰতে হাৰাশাস্তি আৰু ভাবুকি দি আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=حریم شخصی |url=https://www.filimo.com/m/0MOsc |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=فیلیمو |language=fa}}</ref> পিছলৈ চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ২০১৮ চনৰ ২ মে’ৰপৰা ১৮ মে’লৈ পুনৰবাৰ হাছান মাদজুনীৰ নাটক ''ইনচিডেণ্ট ৱিথ এ মেট্ৰানপাজ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে, এইবাৰ এখন বেলেগ মঞ্চত।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال نمایش ماجرای مترانپاژ |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/metranpazh2?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে দুখন ছবি ক্ৰমে ''পাস্তাৰিওনী'' আৰু ''অেননিয়মিটি''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। দুয়োখন ছবিয়ে সমালোচকৰপৰা মিশ্ৰিত সঁহাৰি লাভ কৰিছিল। ৰোমাণ্টিক-কমেডী ছবি ''পাস্তাৰিওনী''-ত তেওঁ গোহাৰ খেইৰাণ্ডিছৰ সৈতে ফেৰেষ্টেহ তোৰাবী নামৰ এগৰাকী নতুন ৰান্ধনীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল যিয়ে নিজৰ মালিকৰ প্ৰেমত পৰে।<ref>{{Citation |title=پاستاریونی |url=https://www.filimo.com/m/8CtkI |language=fa |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> অপৰাধধৰ্মী ড্ৰামা ছবি ''অেননিয়মিটি''-ত তেওঁ বাৰণ কোচাৰী আৰু হাছান মাদজুনীৰ সৈতে অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=نقد و بررسی فیلم سینمایی بی نامی اثر علیرضا صمدی {{!}} سلام‌سینما |url=https://www.salamcinama.ir/critic/524/... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.salamcinama.ir}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনত তেওঁ নিজৰ প্ৰথম চুটি ছবি ''ড’ণ্ট ফৰগেট টুডে''-ত মহিলা মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, য’ত তেওঁ আৰু তেওঁৰ স্বামী ৰেজা গৰ্ভপাতৰ পূৰ্বে স্বাস্থ্য পৰীক্ষাৰ বাবে হাস্পতাললৈ যায়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=فیلم کوتاه امروزُ یادت نره دیدئو dideo |url=https://www.dideo.ir/v/ap/L3qMu/... |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=dideo |language=en}}</ref> বেহজাদ খোদচভেয়চীৰ ছবি ''ডটাৰ্চ অৱ ৱিণ্টৰ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য ছবিত নীলুফাৰ নামৰ এগৰাকী শ্ৰমিক শ্ৰেণীৰ ছোৱালীৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে। এই ছবিখন অংগদানৰ বিষয়ৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=فیلم دختران زمستان (1397) {{!}} بازیگران+عکس‌ها {{!}} سلام‌سینما |url=https://www.salamcinama.ir/movie/NK7n/%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.salamcinama.ir}}</ref> পিছলৈ তেওঁ ২০১৯ চনতে আৰু দুখন চুটি ছবি ক্ৰমে ''শ্বেডো অৱ পাৰ্পল'' আৰু ''এ-অৰ্টা''-ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=سایه ارغوان |url=https://www.filimo.com/m/25ydb |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=filimo}}</ref> === ২০২০: সফলতা === ২০২০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ৬ মাহৰ অনুশীলনৰ পিছত মাত্ৰ দুটা প্ৰদৰ্শনীৰ বাবে ৰামিন আকবৰীৰ মনেল’গ নাটক ''ষ্টিপুলেচন নম্বৰ টু''-ত অভিনয় কৰে। তেওঁ এই প্ৰদৰ্শনীক নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰৰ আটাইতকৈ সন্তোষজনক অভিনয়ৰ অভিজ্ঞতা বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=چه کسی صندلی را جابه‌جا کرده است؟ |url=https://integre.ir/reviews-and-theaters/vaziate-shomareh-2/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=اَنتِگره |language=fa }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে তেওঁৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বিষয়ে কয় যে, এগৰাকী মহিলা যিয়ে ঘৰত অনৱৰতে আন এগৰাকী মহিলাক দেখা পায়, আৰু অভিনয়ৰ সময়ত তেওঁৰ সন্মুখত থকা চকীখন কাৰোবাৰ স্মৃতিচিহ্ন, আৰু এই মহিলাগৰাকীৰ ঘৰটো ইমানেই সৰু যে খোজ কাঢ়োঁতে দুৱাৰ আৰু দেৱালত খুন্দা খাইছিল। কোনোবা এটা সময়ৰপৰা এই মহিলাগৰাকীৰ এটা ভ্ৰম হৈছিল যে চকীখন ফুলি উঠিছে আৰু তাইৰ ঘৰৰ ঠাইখিনি অধিকাৰ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Citation |title=Mahtab Servati {{!}} عکاسی برایم هیجانی که فکر میکردم را نداشت |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LPgWotUEYM |language=en |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে মহম্মদ ৰাছৌলফৰ বোলছবি ''দেয়াৰ ইজ নো ইভিল''-ত নানা চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। এই ছবিখন ৭০সংখ্যক বাৰ্লিন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। ছবিখনে সৰ্বজনীন প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰাৰ লগতে গ’ল্ডেন বিয়েৰ বঁটাও লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-02-29 |title=Berlin International Film Festival: Iranian film about executions wins top prize |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51693417 |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> ছবিখনৰ তৃতীয়টো খণ্ডত দেখা পোৱা চাৰ্ভাটীৰ নানা চৰিত্ৰটো আছিল গাঁৱৰ এজন শিক্ষকৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক থকা এগৰাকী গাঁৱলীয়া ছোৱালী, যি গৰাকী শিক্ষকক ভিন্ন মতাদৰ্শৰ বাবে মৃত্যুদণ্ড দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=There Is No Evil review – passionate plea against Iran's soul-poisoning executions {{!}} Movies {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/nov/30/there-is-no-evil-review-passionate-plea-against-irans-soul-poisoning-executions |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=There Is No Evil review – devastating everyday tales of life under Iran's brutal regime {{!}} World cinema {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/dec/05/there-is-no-evil-review-mohammad-rasoulof-golden-bear-iran-death-penalty-drama |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=amp.theguardian.com}}</ref> ২০২০ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত তেওঁ হাদী মোগাদ্দামদুষ্ট পৰিচালিত যুদ্ধভিত্তিক ড্ৰামা দূৰদৰ্শন শৃংখলা ''চ’লজাৰ''-ত মিনা মোৱাফী হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰি তিনি বছৰৰ পাছত পুনৰ সৰু পৰ্দালৈ ঘূৰি আহে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=مشهد ایستگاه پایانی سریال &quot; سرباز&quot; + عکس‌های جدید- اخبار رادیو و تل - اخبار فرهنگی تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1398/10/07/2169226/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%B3-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرگزاری تسنیم {{!}} Tasnim |language=fa}}</ref> মেহৰান মাহদাবিয়ান পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা ছবি ''পাৰভা''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিখন ছবিয়ে ২০২০ চনৰ ২৯ অক্টোবৰৰপৰা ৮ নৱেম্বৰলৈ স্পেইনত অনুষ্ঠিত ১১সংখ্যক লেইডা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ চিনেমা ডেল মন শাখাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-21 |title=Spain's Lleida Film Festival to host Iranian 'Parva' |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/164940/Spain-s-Lleida-Film-Festival-to-host-Iranian-Parva |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=Mehr News Agency |language=en}}</ref> === ২০২১–২০২২: ব্যাপক স্বীকৃতি === ২০২১ চনত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এখন ৱেব শৃংখলা, দুখন পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ আৰু তিনিখন চুটি ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে। বাবক বাহৰাম বেইগী পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''এট দ্য এণ্ড অৱ দ্য ডে''-ত তেওঁ হানিয়ে টাভাছোলী আৰু চাবনম মোঘাদ্দামীৰ সৈতে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০২১ চনৰ জুন মাহত ইয়াৰ দৃশ্যগ্ৰহণ আৰম্ভ হৈ পৰৱৰ্তী মাহত শেষ হয়। এই ছবিখন এতিয়ালৈকে ৰাজহুৱাকৈ মুক্তি দিয়া হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-28 |title=هانیه توسلی بازیگر «چهره به چهره» شد {{!}} سینماایده‌آل |url=https://www.cinemaideal.ir/news/839/%C3%99%C2%87%C3%98%C2%A7%C3%99%C2%86%C3%9B%C2%8C%C3%99%C2%87-%C3%98%C2%AA%C3%99%C2%88%C3%98%C2%B3%C3%99%C2%84%C3%9B%C2%8C-%C3%98%C2%A8%C3%98%C2%A7%C3%98%C2%B2%C3%9B%C2%8C%C3%9A%C2%AF%C3%98%C2%B1-%C3%9A%C2%86%C3%99%C2%87%C3%98%C2%B1%C3%99%C2%87 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=سینماایده‌آل {{!}} پایگاه خبری تحلیلی سینماایده‌آل |language=fa}}</ref> মিলাদ মানচুৰী পৰিচালিত ড্ৰামা পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''কুলবাৰ্ফ''-ত তেওঁ এগৰাকী কুৰ্দিছ ছোৱালীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল আৰু এগৰাকী কোলবাৰ ছোৱালী চেনুৰৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ বাবে কুৰ্দিছ উপভাষা শিকিবলগীয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-06 |title=«کولبرف»، دو جایزه از جشنواره وی‌آی‌زد بلغارستان دریافت کرد |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1522427/کولبرف-دو-جایزه-از-جشنواره-وی-آی-زد-بلغارستان-دریافت-کرد |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرآنلاین |language=fa}}</ref> প্ৰথমখন চুটি ছবি ''ছাৰ্ভাইভাৰ অৱ দ্য ডে'' ৰচুল চদৰ আমেলীয়ে প্ৰযোজনা কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ মহম্মদৰেজা চদৰ আমেলীয়ে পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল। ৩৮সংখ্যক তহেৰান আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চুটি চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত মোস্তফা চুলেমানী পৰিচালিত দ্বিতীয়খন চুটি ছবি ''গাৰ্ডেন''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এগৰাকী পলাতক ছোৱালীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, যিয়ে এজন বৃদ্ধ ব্যক্তিৰ ওচৰত সহায় বিচাৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=تیوال فیلم کوتاه حیاط |url=https://www.tiwall.com/p/hayat?_fs=1 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.tiwall.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=راه‌یابی فیلم کوتاه |url=https://rawco.ir/News/راهیابی-فیلم-کوتاه-حیاط-به-کارگردانی-مصطفی-سلیمانی-به-بیستمین-دوره-ischia-global-film-festival |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=کمپانی بین المللی RAW |language=fa-IR}}</ref> মিত্ৰা ৰাইচমোহাম্মদী পৰিচালিত তৃতীয়খন চুটি ছবি ''চুইট টেষ্ট অৱ ডাৰ্কনেছ''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে এগৰাকী দুখী আৰু হতাশাগ্ৰস্ত যুৱতী মাতৃৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে, যাৰ সাতবছৰীয়া পুত্ৰই নিজকে বেটমেন চৰিত্ৰটোৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰে আৰু বন্ধুবৰ্গক বিপদজনক কাম কৰিবলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-12 |title=«طعم شیرین تاریکی» در جشنواره اماراتی {{!}} سینما خانه {{!}} پایگاه خبری سینما، تئاتر و تلویزیون |url=https://cinemahouse.ir |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=سینما خانه {{!}} پایگاه خبری سینما، تئاتر و تلویزیون {{!}} اخبار سینما، تئاتر و تلویزیون |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SWEET TASTE OF DARKNESS from MITRA RAEESMOHAMMADI – KIDS FIRST! Reviews and Videos |url=https://www.kidsfirst.org/detail/221141.html |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.kidsfirst.org}}</ref> এই অভিনয়ৰ বাবে চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ২০২১ চনত এফএফটিজি বঁটাত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ প্ৰথমটো মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=FFTG Awards Film Fest 2021 Official Winners |url=https://fftgawards.com/fftg-awards-film-fest-2021-official-winners/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=FFTG Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> তেওঁ টিনা পাকৰাভান পৰিচালিত ৰোমাণ্টিক ঐতিহাসিক ড্ৰামা শৃংখলা ''ৱান্স আপন এ টাইম ইন ইৰান''-ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ১৯৪১ চনত দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ইৰানত এংলো-ছোভিয়েট আক্ৰমণৰ পিছত ছোভিয়েট বাহিনীয়ে চাইবেৰিয়ালৈ নিৰ্বাসিত কৰা এগৰাকী জাৰ্মান মাতৃৰ জীয়ৰী তথা ইৰানী-জাৰ্মান চিত্ৰশিল্পী মেৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰি চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ব্যাপক স্বীকৃতি আৰু জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰে। এই শৃংখলাটোৱে সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰাৰ লগতে ইয়াৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবেও ভূয়সী প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=جهان |first=راهبرد معاصر-آخرین اخبار ایران و |date=2021-10-13 |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر نقش ماری سریال خاتون+ عکس |url=http://rahbordemoaser.ir/fa/news/105350 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=fa |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-25 |title=معرفی و آشنایی کامل با سریال های قبله عالم، خاتون و زخم کاری + زمان پخش |url=https://www.mashreghnews.ir/news/1249944/معرفی-و-آشنایی-کامل-با-سریال-های-قبله-عالم-خاتون-و-زخم-کاری |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مشرق نیوز |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=فیلیمو‌شات |date=2021-07-15 |title=سریال خاتون؛ عشق در سال‌های اشغال |url=https://www.filimo.com/shot/93762/سریال-خاتون/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=فیلیموشات |language=fa-IR}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে ছায়েদেহ দালিৰিয়ান পৰিচালিত চুটি ছবি ''এচেছ''-ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিখন ছবি ২৬সংখ্যক কেনবেৰা চুটি চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=ظفرنیا |first=پونه |date=2022-02-26 |title=رقابت 10 اثر کوتاه ایرانی در جشنواره «زنان فیلم‌ساز» ترکیه |url=https://iycs.ir/رقابت-10-اثر-کوتاه-ایرانی-در-جشنواره-زن/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=انجمن سینمای جوانان ایران |language=fa-IR}}</ref> আলী হাজৰাটী পৰিচালিত ২০২২ চনৰ ৰহস্যঘন ড্ৰামা ছবি ''দ্য টাউন''-ত চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে চাৱেড চো হেইলিৰ বিপৰীতে ফেৰেষ্টেহ নামৰ এগৰাকী উচ্চাকাংক্ষী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-14 |title=فیلم «شهرک» با بازی ساعد سهیلی، آماده نمایش شد |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1592525/فیلم-شهرک-با-بازی-ساعد-سهیلی-آماده-نمایش-شد |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=خبرآنلاین |language=fa}}</ref> ছবিখন ৪০সংখ্যক ফজৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল আৰু ৩টা মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=اخبار |url=https://fajrfilmfestival.com/news/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=جشنواره فیلم فجر |language=fa-IR}}</ref> যদিও ছবিখনে মিশ্ৰিত পৰ্যালোচনা লাভ কৰিছিল, তথাপি সমালোচকসকলে চাৰ্ভাটীৰ অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰিছিল। ফিলিমোৰ কামাল পুৰকাভেই চাৰ্ভাটীৰ অভিনয়ক মনোযোগ আকৰ্ষণকাৰী বুলি অভিহিত কৰাৰ লগতে ছবিখনৰ অন্যতম শ্ৰেষ্ঠ ৩টা দিশৰ ভিতৰত তাইৰ অভিনয়ক তালিকাভুক্ত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=آرشیو |date=2022-02-09 |title=همه چیز درباره فیلم شهرک |url=https://www.filimo.com/shot/114840/فیلم-شهرک/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=فیلیموشات |language=fa-IR}}</ref> === ২০২৩: মুখ্য ভূমিকা === ২০২৩ চনত তেওঁ এখন ধাৰাবাহিকত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰাৰ সুযোগ পায়। অপৰাধধৰ্মী ৰহস্যঘন ৱেব শৃংখলা ''দ্য ট্ৰান্সলেটৰ''-ত তেওঁ গজালেহ নামৰ এগৰাকী যুৱ unuবাদকৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিয়ে নিজৰ ককায়েকৰ ৰহস্যজনক মৃত্যুৰ সত্যতা বিচাৰি ফুৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بازیگران سریال مترجم و زمان پخش آن |url=https://namnak.com/motarjem-series-cast.p88047 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=نمناک |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Namava |url=https://www.namava.ir/series/133661-the_translator |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.namava.ir}}</ref> এই শৃংখলাটো বাহৰাম তাভাকোলীয়ে পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল, যিয়ে ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বে সমালোচকৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰশংসিত ধাৰাবাহিক ''ব্লু হোৱেল''-ৰ চিত্ৰনাট্যকাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |last=تازه |first=حرف |date=2019-01-27 |title=خلاصه سریال نهنگ آبی {{!}} زمان پخش و بازیگران سریال نهنگ آبی |url=https://harfetaze.com/24831/سریال-نهنگ-آبی/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=مجله اینترنتی حرف تازه |language=fa}}</ref> চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে হুছেইন ৰিগী পৰিচালিত ক্ৰীড়াভিত্তিক ড্ৰামা ছবি ''হুক''-ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, যিখন ছবি ৪১সংখ্যক ফাজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত প্ৰদৰ্শিত হৈছিল। চৰিত্ৰটোৰ পটভূমিৰ বাবে তেওঁ বালোচী উপভাষা শিকিবলগীয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=خبرگزاری فارس {{!}} جشنواره فیلم فجر{{!}} «هوک»؛ ادای دینی قابل‌تقدیر به گونه مهجور سینمای اقلیم |url=https://www.farsnews.ir/amp/14011120001197 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.farsnews.ir}}</ref> == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == চাৰ্ভাটীয়ে তেওঁৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ সৈতে বসবাস কৰে। তেওঁৰ আমিৰ নামৰ এজন ভাই আৰু নেগিন নামৰ এগৰাকী ভগ্নী আছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=بیوگرافی مهتاب ثروتی بازیگر و همسرش + زندگینامه |url=https://namnamak.com/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=نم نمک |language=fa-IR}}</ref> তেওঁ য়ালদা নাইটক তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰিয় উৎসৱ বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Citation |title=Mahtab Servati {{!}} عکاسی برایم هیجانی که فکر میکردم را نداشت |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LPgWotUEYM |language=en |access-date=2023-03-03}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9557998/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 Mahtab Servati] at [[IMDB Studio Briefing|IMDb]] *[https://www.instagram.com/mahtabservati/ Mahtab Servati] at [[Instagram]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ]] qsuzoiwhfwd28oqubi24gdq0umpi469 0 137061 608838 2026-05-26T10:07:51Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox person | name = মেহতাব কেৰামতী | honorific_suffix = | image = Mahtab Keramati, Take off movie opening ceremony (1396012814563030010558244) (cropped).jpg | caption = | native_name = مهتاب کرامتی | native_name_lang = Fa | image size = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|10|17|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], ইৰা... 608838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মেহতাব কেৰামতী | honorific_suffix = | image = Mahtab Keramati, Take off movie opening ceremony (1396012814563030010558244) (cropped).jpg | caption = | native_name = مهتاب کرامتی | native_name_lang = Fa | image size = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|10|17|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | birth_name = মেহতাব কেৰামতী | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, চলচ্চিত্ৰ প্ৰযোজক, ইউনিচেফৰ সদিচ্ছা দূত | years_active = ১৯৯৮–বৰ্তমান | education = অণুজীৱ বিজ্ঞানৰ স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী | alma_mater = আজাদ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | spouse = বাবক ৰিয়াহিপুৰ (বিবাহ ১৯৮৬; বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ ২০০২) | relatives = | signature = Mahtab Keramati signature.svg }} মেহতাব কেৰামতী হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Mahtab Keramati appointed UNICEF National Ambassador|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_35587.html|publisher=UNICEF website|access-date=2013-08-08|archive-date=2019-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331160642/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_35587.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> তেওঁ এখন ''ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ'' আৰু দুখন ''হাফেজ বঁটা''-সহ বিভিন্ন সন্মান লাভ কৰিছে। ২০০৬ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত তেওঁক ইৰানত ইউনিচেফৰ সদিচ্ছা দূত হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়। মেহতাব কেৰামতীয়ে বাবক ৰিয়াহিপুৰৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ পিছত অভিনয় জগতত ভৰি দিছিল, যাৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছিল। অৱশ্যে এই বিবাহৰ পৰিণতি বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয় আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ পৃথকীকৰণৰ পিছৰে পৰা তেওঁ পুনৰ বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{Cite web |title=مهتاب کرامتی - دانشنامه ویکیدا |url=https://fa.wikida.ir/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=fa.wikida.ir |language=fa}}</ref> == কৰ্মজীৱন == কেৰামতীয়ে অভিনয়ৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম গ্ৰহণ কৰি থকাৰ সময়তে ''দ্য মেন অৱ এঞ্জেলছ''-ত হেলেন চৰিত্ৰৰ বাবে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত স্বীকৃতি প্ৰদান কৰে। পিছলৈ তেওঁ ''মাম্মী ৩'' আৰু ''ৰেইন মেন'' দৰে ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁ ফাজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ ''চেইণ্ট মেৰী'' আৰু ''ক্ৰিমচন চইল'' দৰে ধাৰাবাহিক আৰু ''হেল, পুৰ্গেটৰী, হেভেন'', ''দেয়াৰ আৰ থিংছ ইউ ড’ণ্ট ন’'', ''আলঝেইমাৰ'' আৰু ''দ্য প্ৰাইভেট লাইফ অৱ মিষ্টাৰ এণ্ড মিচেচ এম.'' দৰে বোলছবিত অভিনয় কৰে। ''টুৱেণ্টী'' বোলছবিখনত কৰা শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটা লাভ কৰে। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ ইমাজিনইণ্ডিয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেতাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ঢাকা চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰী সদস্য হিচাপেও অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url= https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/56700/3-iranians-in-dhaka-film-festival-jury|title=3 Iranians in Dhaka Film Festival Jury|date= January 3, 2017|newspaper= Financial Tribune}}</ref> == দানশীলতা আৰু সমাজহিতৈষী কাৰ্যকলাপ == ২০০৩ চনৰ ২৬ ডিচেম্বৰত সংঘটিত হোৱা বাম চহৰৰ ভূমিকম্পৰ পিছত তেওঁ সমাজহিতৈষী আৰু দাতব্য কাম-কাজৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী হৈ পৰে আৰু ৩০ ডিচেম্বৰত বাম চহৰৰ ভূমিকম্পগ্ৰস্ত লোকসকলৰ বাবে আয়োজিত এখন দাতব্য সভাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা অন্যতম শিল্পী আছিল। ২০১৩ চনৰ পৰা মৃত্যুদণ্ডৰ শাস্তি পোৱা কয়দীসকলক মুকলি কৰাটো তেওঁ কৰা এক দাতব্য কামত পৰিণত হৈছে আৰু তেওঁ তেজৰ বিনিময়ত ধন (ব্লাড মানী) সংগ্ৰহ কৰা তথা ভুক্তভোগীৰ পৰিয়ালৰ সন্তুষ্টি লাভ কৰাৰ বাবে বিশেষ প্ৰয়াস কৰি আহিছে। এই ক্ষেত্ৰত শ্বাহাব মোৰাদী তেওঁৰ অন্যতম সহযোগী আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ এগৰাকী মহিলাৰ অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী।<ref>{{cite web|date=2007-05-29|publisher=ایرانیان انگلستان|title=مصاحبه با مهتاب کرامتی در پاریس|url=http://iranianuk.com/20070519223600038/مصاحبه-با-مهتاب-کرامتی-در-پاریس}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== l4prqcmdb6x9t22vw31hzt2n9nrb9ka 608839 608838 2026-05-26T10:09:54Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মেহতাব কেৰামতী | honorific_suffix = | image = Mahtab Keramati, Take off movie opening ceremony (1396012814563030010558244) (cropped).jpg | caption = | native_name = مهتاب کرامتی | native_name_lang = Fa | image size = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|10|17|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | birth_name = মেহতাব কেৰামতী | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, চলচ্চিত্ৰ প্ৰযোজক, ইউনিচেফৰ সদিচ্ছা দূত | years_active = ১৯৯৮–বৰ্তমান | education = অণুজীৱ বিজ্ঞানৰ স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী | alma_mater = আজাদ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | spouse = বাবক ৰিয়াহিপুৰ (বিবাহ ১৯৮৬; বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ ২০০২) | relatives = | signature = Mahtab Keramati signature.svg }} মেহতাব কেৰামতী হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Mahtab Keramati appointed UNICEF National Ambassador|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_35587.html|publisher=UNICEF website|access-date=2013-08-08|archive-date=2019-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331160642/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_35587.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> তেওঁ এখন ''ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ'' আৰু দুখন ''হাফেজ বঁটা''-সহ বিভিন্ন সন্মান লাভ কৰিছে। ২০০৬ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত তেওঁক ইৰানত ইউনিচেফৰ সদিচ্ছা দূত হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়। মেহতাব কেৰামতীয়ে বাবক ৰিয়াহিপুৰৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ পিছত অভিনয় জগতত ভৰি দিছিল, যাৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছিল। অৱশ্যে এই বিবাহৰ পৰিণতি বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয় আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ পৃথক্কৰণৰ পিছৰেপৰা তেওঁ পুনৰ বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{Cite web |title=مهتاب کرامتی - دانشنامه ویکیدا |url=https://fa.wikida.ir/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=fa.wikida.ir |language=fa}}</ref> == কৰ্মজীৱন == কেৰামতীয়ে অভিনয়ৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম গ্ৰহণ কৰি থকাৰ সময়তে ''দ্য মেন অৱ এঞ্জেলছ''-ত হেলেন চৰিত্ৰৰ বাবে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত স্বীকৃতি প্ৰদান কৰে। পিছলৈ তেওঁ ''মাম্মী ৩'' আৰু ''ৰেইন মেন'' দৰে ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁ ফাজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ ''চেইণ্ট মেৰী'' আৰু ''ক্ৰিমচন চইল'' দৰে ধাৰাবাহিক আৰু ''হেল, পুৰ্গেটৰী, হেভেন'', ''দেয়াৰ আৰ থিংছ ইউ ড’ণ্ট ন’'', ''আলঝেইমাৰ'' আৰু ''দ্য প্ৰাইভেট লাইফ অৱ মিষ্টাৰ এণ্ড মিচেচ এম.'' দৰে বোলছবিত অভিনয় কৰে। ''টুৱেণ্টী'' বোলছবিখনত কৰা শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটা লাভ কৰে। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ ইমাজিনইণ্ডিয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেতাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ঢাকা চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰী সদস্য হিচাপেও অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url= https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/56700/3-iranians-in-dhaka-film-festival-jury|title=3 Iranians in Dhaka Film Festival Jury|date= January 3, 2017|newspaper= Financial Tribune}}</ref> == দানশীলতা আৰু সমাজহিতৈষী কাৰ্যকলাপ == ২০০৩ চনৰ ২৬ ডিচেম্বৰত সংঘটিত হোৱা বাম চহৰৰ ভূমিকম্পৰ পিছত তেওঁ সমাজহিতৈষী আৰু দাতব্য কাম-কাজৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী হৈ পৰে আৰু ৩০ ডিচেম্বৰত বাম চহৰৰ ভূমিকম্পগ্ৰস্ত লোকসকলৰ বাবে আয়োজিত এখন দাতব্য সভাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা অন্যতম শিল্পী আছিল। ২০১৩ চনৰপৰা মৃত্যুদণ্ডৰ শাস্তি পোৱা কয়দীসকলক মুকলি কৰাটো তেওঁ কৰা এক দাতব্য কামত পৰিণত হৈছে আৰু তেওঁ তেজৰ বিনিময়ত ধন (ব্লাড মানী) সংগ্ৰহ কৰা তথা ভুক্তভোগীৰ পৰিয়ালৰ সন্তুষ্টি লাভ কৰাৰ বাবে বিশেষ প্ৰয়াস কৰি আহিছে। এই ক্ষেত্ৰত শ্বাহাব মোৰাদী তেওঁৰ অন্যতম সহযোগী আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ এগৰাকী মহিলাৰ অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী।<ref>{{cite web|date=2007-05-29|publisher=ایرانیان انگلستان|title=مصاحبه با مهتاب کرامتی در پاریس|url=http://iranianuk.com/20070519223600038/مصاحبه-با-مهتاب-کرامتی-در-پاریس}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] fxhkffqqd5ih8moe728yicwpm1b6bo8 608840 608839 2026-05-26T10:10:28Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* বাহ্যিক সংযোগ */ 608840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = মেহতাব কেৰামতী | honorific_suffix = | image = Mahtab Keramati, Take off movie opening ceremony (1396012814563030010558244) (cropped).jpg | caption = | native_name = مهتاب کرامتی | native_name_lang = Fa | image size = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1970|10|17|df=yes}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | birth_name = মেহতাব কেৰামতী | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, চলচ্চিত্ৰ প্ৰযোজক, ইউনিচেফৰ সদিচ্ছা দূত | years_active = ১৯৯৮–বৰ্তমান | education = অণুজীৱ বিজ্ঞানৰ স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী | alma_mater = আজাদ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | spouse = বাবক ৰিয়াহিপুৰ (বিবাহ ১৯৮৬; বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ ২০০২) | relatives = | signature = Mahtab Keramati signature.svg }} মেহতাব কেৰামতী হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{cite web|title=Actress Mahtab Keramati appointed UNICEF National Ambassador|url=http://www.unicef.org/media/media_35587.html|publisher=UNICEF website|access-date=2013-08-08|archive-date=2019-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331160642/https://www.unicef.org/media/media_35587.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> তেওঁ এখন ''ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ'' আৰু দুখন ''হাফেজ বঁটা''-সহ বিভিন্ন সন্মান লাভ কৰিছে। ২০০৬ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত তেওঁক ইৰানত ইউনিচেফৰ সদিচ্ছা দূত হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়। মেহতাব কেৰামতীয়ে বাবক ৰিয়াহিপুৰৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হোৱাৰ পিছত অভিনয় জগতত ভৰি দিছিল, যাৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তান আছিল। অৱশ্যে এই বিবাহৰ পৰিণতি বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয় আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ পৃথক্কৰণৰ পিছৰেপৰা তেওঁ পুনৰ বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{Cite web |title=مهتاب کرامتی - دانشنامه ویکیدا |url=https://fa.wikida.ir/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%DB%8C |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=fa.wikida.ir |language=fa}}</ref> == কৰ্মজীৱন == কেৰামতীয়ে অভিনয়ৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম গ্ৰহণ কৰি থকাৰ সময়তে ''দ্য মেন অৱ এঞ্জেলছ''-ত হেলেন চৰিত্ৰৰ বাবে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত স্বীকৃতি প্ৰদান কৰে। পিছলৈ তেওঁ ''মাম্মী ৩'' আৰু ''ৰেইন মেন'' দৰে ছবিত অভিনয় কৰে, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁ ফাজৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটাৰ বাবে মনোনীত হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ ''চেইণ্ট মেৰী'' আৰু ''ক্ৰিমচন চইল'' দৰে ধাৰাবাহিক আৰু ''হেল, পুৰ্গেটৰী, হেভেন'', ''দেয়াৰ আৰ থিংছ ইউ ড’ণ্ট ন’'', ''আলঝেইমাৰ'' আৰু ''দ্য প্ৰাইভেট লাইফ অৱ মিষ্টাৰ এণ্ড মিচেচ এম.'' দৰে বোলছবিত অভিনয় কৰে। ''টুৱেণ্টী'' বোলছবিখনত কৰা শ্ৰেষ্ঠ সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ ক্ৰিষ্টাল চিমৰ্গ বঁটা লাভ কৰে। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁ ইমাজিনইণ্ডিয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেতাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ ঢাকা চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱৰ জুৰী সদস্য হিচাপেও অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url= https://financialtribune.com/articles/art-and-culture/56700/3-iranians-in-dhaka-film-festival-jury|title=3 Iranians in Dhaka Film Festival Jury|date= January 3, 2017|newspaper= Financial Tribune}}</ref> == দানশীলতা আৰু সমাজহিতৈষী কাৰ্যকলাপ == ২০০৩ চনৰ ২৬ ডিচেম্বৰত সংঘটিত হোৱা বাম চহৰৰ ভূমিকম্পৰ পিছত তেওঁ সমাজহিতৈষী আৰু দাতব্য কাম-কাজৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী হৈ পৰে আৰু ৩০ ডিচেম্বৰত বাম চহৰৰ ভূমিকম্পগ্ৰস্ত লোকসকলৰ বাবে আয়োজিত এখন দাতব্য সভাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা অন্যতম শিল্পী আছিল। ২০১৩ চনৰপৰা মৃত্যুদণ্ডৰ শাস্তি পোৱা কয়দীসকলক মুকলি কৰাটো তেওঁ কৰা এক দাতব্য কামত পৰিণত হৈছে আৰু তেওঁ তেজৰ বিনিময়ত ধন (ব্লাড মানী) সংগ্ৰহ কৰা তথা ভুক্তভোগীৰ পৰিয়ালৰ সন্তুষ্টি লাভ কৰাৰ বাবে বিশেষ প্ৰয়াস কৰি আহিছে। এই ক্ষেত্ৰত শ্বাহাব মোৰাদী তেওঁৰ অন্যতম সহযোগী আছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ এগৰাকী মহিলাৰ অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী।<ref>{{cite web|date=2007-05-29|publisher=ایرانیان انگلستان|title=مصاحبه با مهتاب کرامتی در پاریس|url=http://iranianuk.com/20070519223600038/مصاحبه-با-مهتاب-کرامتی-در-پاریس}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{commons category|Mahtab Keramati}} *{{IMDb name|1287605}} *[https://irmdb.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138112150045 Mahtab Keramati] On [[:fa:سوره‌سینما|SourehCinema]] (in Persian) [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] 020fp2c9ecv0dkrq7hxpenj9ye256z1 0 137062 608842 2026-05-26T10:59:12Z হানিফ আলী 19725 নতুন 608842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox surah | number = ৪৩ | number-3 = ০৪৩ | name = আয-যুখৰুফ | name-ar = الزخرف | name-en = সোণৰ অলংকাৰ | prev_sura = [[আশ-শুৰা|কোৰআন ৪২]] | next_sura = [[আদ-দুখান|কোৰআন ৪৪]] | classification = [[মক্কান ছূৰা|মক্কী]] | othernames-ar = <!-- alternate Arabic names --> | othernames = | juz = ২৫ | rukus = ৭ | verses = ৮৯ | words = ৯৩৯ | letters = ৩৫৪৯ | muqattaat = হা মিম حم | sajdahs = <!-- only if applicable --> | audio = Chapter 43, Az-Zukhruf (Mujawwad) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3 }} {{Quran}} '''আয-যুখৰুফ'''<ref name = "Quran 4 U">{{cite web|url=http://www.quran4u.com/Tafsir%20Ibn%20Kathir/043%20Zukhruf.htm |title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (English): Surah Al Zukhruf |work=Quran 4 U|author= Ibn Kathir|author-link= Ibn Kathir|access-date=14 April 2020}}</ref> ({{langx|ar|الزخرف}}, "সোণৰ অলংকাৰ, বিলাসিতা") হৈছে [[ইছলাম ধৰ্ম]]ৰ মূল [[ধৰ্মগ্ৰন্থ]] [[কোৰআন]]ৰ ৪৩তম অধ্যয় ([[ছূৰা]])। ইয়াৰ ৮৯টা শ্লোক ([[আয়াত]]) আছে। ৩৫ নং [[আয়াত]] আৰু ৫৩ নং আয়াতত স্বীকৃতি পোৱা সোণৰ অলংকাৰৰ নামেৰে নামকৰণ কৰা এই ছূৰাখন [[মুহাম্মাদ|হজৰত মুহাম্মাদ]] [[মদিনা]]লৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ আগৰ দ্বিতীয় [[মক্কা]] যুগৰ। ছূৰাসমূহৰ ''নল্ডেক কালক্ৰম'' অনুসৰি ''সোণৰ অলংকাৰ'' অৱতীৰ্ণ হোৱা ৬১সংখ্যক [[ছূৰা]] আছিল।<ref>Robinson, Neal. Discovering the Qur'an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text. London: SCM Press LTD, 1996. Print. 77.</ref> ষ্টেণ্ডাৰ্ড মিচৰীয় কালক্ৰমত অৱশ্যে ৬৩ নং ছূৰাত প্ৰকাশ পোৱাৰ দৰে এই কথা স্বীকাৰ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>Robinson, Neal. Discovering the Qur'an: A Contemporary Approach to a Veiled Text. London: SCM Press LTD, 1996. Print. 73.</ref> এই ছূৰাখন যি স্থানত অৱতীৰ্ণ নহওক কিয়, এইটো স্পষ্ট যে এই ছূৰাখন দ্বিতীয় মক্কা যুগত অৱতীৰ্ণ হৈছিল, যি সময়ত [[মুহাম্মাদ]] আৰু তেওঁৰ অনুগামীসকল ক্ৰমান্বয়ে [[কুৰাইশ্ব|কোৰেইচ জনগোষ্ঠী]]ৰ বিৰোধিতাৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছিল। [[আত-তৌবাহ|আত-তাওবাহ]]ৰ বাহিৰে কোৰআনৰ সকলো ছূৰাৰ সৈতে সামঞ্জস্যপূৰ্ণভাৱে সোণৰ অলংকাৰ [[বিছমিল্লাহিৰ ৰাহমানিৰ ৰাহীম|বিছমিল্লাহ]] বা মানক আয়াতৰপৰা আৰম্ভ হয় ‘আল্লাহৰ নামত, দয়াৰ প্ৰভু, দয়াদাতা। ’<ref name=316MAS/> সোণৰ অলংকাৰ হৈছে এনে এখন [[ছূৰা]] যিয়ে [[মুমিন|বিশ্বাসীস]]কলক সোঁৱৰাই দিয়াৰ দৰে কাম কৰে যে ধন-সম্পত্তি আৰু বস্তুগত শক্তিৰ ভিতৰত [[আল্লাহ]]ৰ মঙ্গল পোৱা নাযায়। ছূৰাত [[কাফিৰ]]সকলৰ দাবী নাকচ কৰা হৈছে যে [[নবী]], নেতা আৰু যোগ্য ব্যক্তিসকলক তেওঁলোকৰ ধন-সম্পত্তিৰদ্বাৰা চিহ্নিত কৰা উচিত আৰু ইয়াৰদ্বাৰা তেওঁলোকক প্ৰলোভন, ভোগ আৰু বিক্ষিপ্ততাৰপৰা বিৰত থাকিবলৈ ক্ষমতা প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছে। [[ছূৰা]]টোৱে [[কাফিৰ]]সকলক সতৰ্ক কৰি দিয়ে যিসকলে ভয়ংকৰ আৰু যন্ত্ৰণাদায়ক পৰলোকৰ “এই জীৱনৰ কেৱল উপভোগ” (কোৰআন ৪৩:'''১৭''') <ref name=316MAS>[[Haleem, M.A.S. Abdel]]. The Qur'an (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) 316</ref> ওচৰত বলি হয় আৰু ই বিশ্বাসীসকলক ধন-সম্পত্তিত নহয়, আল্লাহৰ প্ৰতি থকা বিশ্বাস আৰু প্ৰেমত আনন্দ ল’বলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰে। ছূৰাত এই কথাটোও বাৰে বাৰে উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে যে ফেৰেস্তাসকল আল্লাহৰ কন্যা নহয় বৰঞ্চ তেওঁৰ বিশ্বাসী বান্দা (কোৰআন ৪৩:'''১৯''')।<ref name=317MAS>Haleem, M.A.S. Abdel. The Qur'an (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) 317.</ref> [[যীশু|যীচু]] আল্লাহৰ আক্ষৰিক পুত্ৰ হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনাও '''৬৩-৬৪''' পদৰ ভিতৰত নাকচ কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Haleem, M.A.S. Abdel 2005">Haleem, M.A.S. Abdel. The Qur'an (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) 319.</ref> ==তথ্যসমূহ== {{Reflist}} ==বাজ্যিক লিংক== *{{Wikisource-inline|list= **[[s:The Meaning of the Glorious Koran (1930)/Ornaments of Gold|Ornaments of Gold]], 1930 translation by Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall **[[s:The Holy Qur'an (Maulana Muhammad Ali)/43. Gold|43. Gold]], 1917 translation by Maulana Muhammad Ali }} *[https://quran.com/43 Quran 43], 2020 [[Clear Quran translation|Khattab]] translation *[https://www.islamawakened.com/quran/43/35/ Q43:35], a verse-by-verse comparison of various translations {{Al-Quran's Suras}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ছূৰা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:আল-কোৰআনৰ ছূৰাসমূহ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মক্কান ছূৰা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইছলাম ধৰ্ম]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কোৰআন]] jlrohipqarnk6wdest29n49h7xw04s3 14 137063 608843 2026-05-26T11:02:17Z হানিফ আলী 19725 Created blank page 608843 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 608844 608843 2026-05-26T11:04:09Z হানিফ আলী 19725 Redirect 608844 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[শ্ৰেণী:আৰবী ভাষা সমৃদ্ধ প্ৰবন্ধ]] gj8569palbpdn9l5sc6fetd6hk4si5o 1 137064 608845 2026-05-26T11:06:51Z KhiLanTzi 23530 /* লাংকুৰি দেওশাল */ নতুন অনুচ্ছেদ 608845 wikitext text/x-wiki == লাংকুৰি দেওশাল == অধিকাংশ উপলব্ধ অসমীয়া উৎসত দেওশালখনৰ নাম লাংকুৰি দেওশাল আছে। সেয়েহে ৱিকিপিডিয়া নীতি [[WP:COMMONNAME]] অনুসৰি পৃষ্ঠাটোৰ নাম '''লাংকুৰি দেওশাল'''লৈ স্থানান্তৰিত কৰিবলৈ প্ৰস্তাৱ জনালোঁ। [[সদস্য:KhiLanTzi|KHI-LAN-TZI]] 11:06, 26 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) tth0r4wrjjskn4epa0hoszmks1ov3ek 0 137065 608848 2026-05-26T11:30:46Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{short description|Iranian singer (1942–1990)}} {{Infobox person | name = হায়েদেহ | native_name = {{nobold|هایده}} | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hayedeh - Portrait.jpg | image_size = | caption = ১৯৭৫ চনত হায়েদেহ | landscape = no | birth_name = মাছৌমেহ দাদেহবালা | birth_date = {{birth date... 608848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Iranian singer (1942–1990)}} {{Infobox person | name = হায়েদেহ | native_name = {{nobold|هایده}} | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hayedeh - Portrait.jpg | image_size = | caption = ১৯৭৫ চনত হায়েদেহ | landscape = no | birth_name = মাছৌমেহ দাদেহবালা | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|04|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = তেহৰাণ, ইৰাণ | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|01|20|1942|04|10|mf=y}} | death_place = [[San Francisco]], California, U.S. | resting_place = [[Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|34|03|30|N|118|26|26|W|display=title,inline}} | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|Media personality}} | years_active = 1968–1990 | notable_works = ''[[Soghati]]'' | children = 3 | relatives = [[Mahasti]] (sister) | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = solo_singer | genre = {{hlist|[[Persian traditional music|Persian classical]]|[[Iranian music|folk]]|[[Persian pop music|Persian pop]]}} | occupation = Singer | label = {{Flatlist| * Taraneh Records * [[Caltex Records]] * [[Avang Music]] * MZM Records }} | website = {{URL|hayedehdocumentary.com/}} }} }} 66ls1g1kbxq72yivspwnt5n8ut1j630 608849 608848 2026-05-26T11:33:00Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Iranian singer (1942–1990)}} {{Infobox person | name = হায়েদেহ | native_name = {{nobold|هایده}} | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hayedeh - Portrait.jpg | image_size = | caption = ১৯৭৫ চনত হায়েদেহ | landscape = no | birth_name = মাছৌমেহ দাদেহবালা | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|04|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = তেহৰাণ, ইৰাণ | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|01|20|1942|04|10|mf=y}} | death_place = [[San Francisco]], California, U.S. | resting_place = [[Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|34|03|30|N|118|26|26|W|display=title,inline}} | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|Media personality}} | years_active = 1968–1990 | notable_works = ''সোঘটি '' | children = ৩ | relatives = [[Mahasti]] (sister) | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = একক গায়ক | genre = {{hlist|[[Persian traditional music|Persian classical]]|[[Iranian music|folk]]|[[Persian pop music|Persian pop]]}} | occupation = গায়িকা | label = {{Flatlist| * টাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ * কেলটেক্স ৰেকৰ্ড * আভাং সংগীত * এম জে ডি এম ৰেকৰ্ডছ }} | website = {{URL|hayedehdocumentary.com/}} }} }} a5q1wbwmy1xb922whd4kxoet82pjzwv 608853 608849 2026-05-26T11:36:26Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Iranian singer (1942–1990)}} {{Infobox person | name = হায়েদেহ | native_name = {{nobold|هایده}} | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hayedeh - Portrait.jpg | image_size = | caption = ১৯৭৫ চনত হায়েদেহ | landscape = no | birth_name = মাছৌমেহ দাদেহবালা | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|04|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = তেহৰাণ, ইৰাণ | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|01|20|1942|04|10|mf=y}} | death_place = [[San Francisco]], California, U.S. | resting_place = [[Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|34|03|30|N|118|26|26|W|display=title,inline}} | occupation = {{hlist|Singer|Media personality}} | years_active = 1968–1990 | notable_works = ''সোঘটি '' | children = ৩ | relatives = [[Mahasti]] (sister) | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = একক গায়ক | genre = {{hlist|পাৰ্চী ধ্ৰুপদী |ইৰানী লোকসংগীত|পাৰ্চী পপ}} | occupation = গায়িকা | label = {{Flatlist| টাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ<br> কেলটেক্স ৰেকৰ্ড <br> আভাং সংগীত<br> এম জে ডি এম ৰেকৰ্ডছ }} | website = {{URL|hayedehdocumentary.com/}} }} }} 16wcktzaknv6gitauvti61wv55rfi9m 608856 608853 2026-05-26T11:39:38Z নৰুনা বৰুৱা 44897 608856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Iranian singer (1942–1990)}} {{Infobox person | name = হায়েদেহ | native_name = {{nobold|هایده}} | native_name_lang = fa | image = Hayedeh - Portrait.jpg | image_size = | caption = ১৯৭৫ চনত হায়েদেহ | landscape = no | birth_name = মাছৌমেহ দাদেহবালা | birth_date = {{birth date|1942|04|10|mf=y}} | birth_place = তেহৰাণ, ইৰাণ | death_date = {{death date and age|1990|01|20|1942|04|10|mf=y}} | death_place = [[San Francisco]], California, U.S. | resting_place = [[Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery]] | resting_place_coordinates = {{coord|34|03|30|N|118|26|26|W|display=title,inline}} | occupation = {{hlist|গায়িকা<br> সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ ব্যক্তিত্ব }} | years_active = 1968–1990 | notable_works = ''সোঘটি '' | children = ৩ | relatives = মহাস্তি, (ভগ্নী) | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = একক গায়ক | genre = {{hlist|পাৰ্চী ধ্ৰুপদী <br> ইৰানী লোকসংগীত <br> পাৰ্চী পপ}} | occupation = গায়িকা | label = {{Flatlist| টাৰানেহ ৰেকৰ্ডছ<br> কেলটেক্স ৰেকৰ্ড <br> আভাং সংগীত<br> এম জে ডি এম ৰেকৰ্ডছ }} | website = {{URL|hayedehdocumentary.com/}} }} }} 7dzcehx5mb728wf2haogbyuuv0id233 0 137066 608852 2026-05-26T11:36:17Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox musical artist | name = সাহাৰ আজদমসানি | image = Sahar.Ajdamsani.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1996|3|26}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | origin = ইৰান | occupation = গায়িকা, সুৰকাৰ, কবি, গীতিকাৰ, লেখিকা, ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ }} সাহাৰ আজদমসানি... 608852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = সাহাৰ আজদমসানি | image = Sahar.Ajdamsani.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1996|3|26}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | origin = ইৰান | occupation = গায়িকা, সুৰকাৰ, কবি, গীতিকাৰ, লেখিকা, ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ }} সাহাৰ আজদমসানি হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী গায়িকা, সুৰকাৰ, কবি, গীতিকাৰ, লেখিকা আৰু ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-23|title=Famous Iranian Poet, Singer, Photographer and Writer – Sahar Ajdamsani|url=https://enewspaper.com.pk|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Enewspaper.com.pk|language=en-US}}</ref> == জীৱনী == সাহাৰে আঠ বছৰ বয়সৰ পৰাই কবিতা লিখিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Longawa|first=Joanna|date=2019-03-26|title=Presentation of the Book "5th Chapter of Earth in Iran" in Tehran Book|url=https://www.jlinterviews.com/sahar-ajdamsani/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=JL Interviews|language=en-GB}}</ref> তেওঁ ফাৰ্চী, ইংৰাজী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষাত কবিতা ৰচনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://musicefars.ir/sahar-ajdamsani/|title=Interview with Sahar Ajdamsani|publisher=Musicefars(Iran)}}</ref>‍ তেওঁৰ সৃষ্টিৰাজিৰ মূল বিষয়বস্তু হৈছে বিশ্ব শান্তি, মহিলাৰ অধিকাৰ ৰক্ষা, দয়া আৰু মানৱতা। নিজৰ শিল্পকৰ্মৰ জৰিয়তে নাৰী অধিকাৰ আৰু মানৱাধিকাৰ সুৰক্ষা কৰাৰ লগতে শান্তি, মানৱতা, সমতা আৰু দয়াৰ প্ৰসাৰ ঘটোৱা এগৰাকী শিল্পী হিচাপে তেওঁ পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ceo-latam.com/ceo-life/arte-cultura/mi-grito-libertad/|title=my call for freedom|publisher=Ceo Latam(Brazil)|archive-date=7 May 2021|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507015141/https://www.ceo-latam.com/ceo-life/arte-cultura/mi-grito-libertad/|url-status=dead}}</ref> তেওঁ সেইসকল কমসংখ্যক ইৰানী শিল্পীৰ ভিতৰত এজন যাৰ শিল্পকৰ্মৰ বিষয়ে বহু দেশে লিখা-লেখি কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://niuzy-france.com/mag/2019/07/09/niuzy-la-serie-iranienne-2-une-poetesse-et-photographe-sahar-ajdamsani/|title=Iranian story, interview with poet & photographer Sahar Ajdamsani|publisher=Niuzy France|archive-date=23 July 2021|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723160402/http://niuzy-france.com/mag/2019/07/09/niuzy-la-serie-iranienne-2-une-poetesse-et-photographe-sahar-ajdamsani/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/12/09/news/al_museo_cinese_di_parma_arriva_sahar_ajdamsani_artista_e_attivista_iraniana-243043178/|title=Al Museo Cinese di Parma arrives Sahar Ajdamsani, artista e attivista iraniana|date=9 December 2019|website=la Repubblica}}</ref> নাৰী অধিকাৰৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত তেওঁৰ ''চেনচৰশ্বিপ'' কবিতাটোৰ বাবে ৱাইল্ড চাউণ্ড কবিতা মহোৎসৱত বঁটা লাভ কৰা তেওঁ প্ৰথমগৰাকী ইৰানী নাগৰিক।<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 18, 2019|title=Tête-à-Tête with Sahar Ajdamsani: Iran's emerging singer, writer and activist|url=https://www.ravimagazine.com/tete-a-tete-with-sahar-ajdamsani-irans-emerging-singer-writer-and-activist/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Ravi Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> সাহাৰক ইৰানত গ্ল’বেল ফটোগ্ৰাফিক ইউনিয়নৰ প্ৰতিনিধি হিচাপেও নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2019-10-30|title=Iran's female photographer becomes representative of GPU|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83535919/Iran-s-female-photographer-becomes-representative-of-GPU|access-date=2022-01-16|website=IRNA English|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gitionline.ir/fa/news/29419|title=سحر اژدم‌ثانی به عنوان نماینده اتحادیه جهانی عکاسی در ایران معرفی‌ شد|date=8 August 1398|website=fa}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> যদিও ইৰানত মহিলাৰ বাবে সংগীত নিষিদ্ধ আৰু বাৰণ কৰা হৈছে, তথাপিও তেওঁ বহু দেশত বহুতো সংগীতানুষ্ঠান পৰিৱেশন কৰিছে। ইৰানত মহিলাৰ ওপৰত থকা বহু সীমাবদ্ধতাৰ স্বত্বেও তেওঁ সফলতা অৰ্জন কৰিছে আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metooo.it/e/sahar-ajdamsani-dreamy-world|title=Sahar Ajdamsani Biglietti, 20/dic/2019 20:00:00 | Metooo|website=www.metooo.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/eventi/sacro-sud-anime-salve-concerti-programma.html|title=Sacro Sud - Anime Salve 2.0: torna il festival diretto da Enzo Avitabile|website=NapoliToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.12tvparma.it/Video/tg-parma---telegiornale/a-parma-il-dreamy-world-dell-attivista-sahar-ajdam|title=TV Parma - A PARMA IL DREAMY WORLD DELL'ATTIVISTA SAHAR AJDAMSANI|website=www.12tvparma.it|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101090156/http://www.12tvparma.it/Video/tg-parma---telegiornale/a-parma-il-dreamy-world-dell-attivista-sahar-ajdam|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://skylight.gr/index.php/2019/10/18/sahar-ajdamsani-a-talented-iranian-artist/|title=SAHAR AJDAMSANI – A Talented Iranian Artist – Skylight Webzine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museocineseparma.org/it/news/254-sahar-ajdamsani-dreamy-world|title=Sahar Ajdamsani "Dreamy World"|website=museocineseparma.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.welltribune.it/2019/11/28/a-parma-arriva-sahar-ajdamsani-artista-e-attivista-iraniana/|title=A Parma arriva Sahar Ajdamsani, artista e attivista iraniana|first=redazione|last=WellTribune|date=28 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allevents.in/parma/sahar-ajdamsani-dreamy-world/200018419487450|title=Sahar Ajdamsani Dreamy world|website=allevents.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/it-it/notizie/italia/al-museo-cinese-di-parma-arriva-sahar-ajdamsani-artista-e-attivista-iraniana/ar-BBY0gnq|title=Al Museo Cinese di Parma arriva Sahar Ajdamsani, artista e attivista iraniana|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isoradio.rai.it/dl/portaleRadio/media/ContentItem-82c824ec-0908-490f-bbcd-8bbf57ad501a.html|title=Giovanni Amighetti - Sahar Ajdamsani al Museo Cinese di Parma|website=Rai}}</ref> তেওঁৰ কবিতাসমূহ বহু ভাষালৈ অনূদিত হৈছে আৰু বহু দেশত প্ৰকাশ পাইছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বহু দেশৰ কবিতা মহোৎসৱলৈকো তেওঁ আমন্ত্ৰিত হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://atunispoetry.com/2021/08/21/sahar-ajdamsani-iran/|title=Sahar Ajdamsani (Iran)|date=21 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.litterateurrw.com/magazines/june_2021/files/basic-html/page25.html|title=Page 25 - June 2021 Litterateur|website=www.litterateurrw.com|access-date=23 August 2021|archive-date=25 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025235948/https://www.litterateurrw.com/magazines/june_2021/files/basic-html/page25.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.festivaldepoesiademedellin.org/es/Festival/31/SaharAjdamsani/|title=Sahar Ajdamsani (Irán)|website=www.festivaldepoesiademedellin.org}}</ref> == বঁটা আৰু সন্মান == * ৱাইল্ডসাউণ্ড কবিতা মহোৎসৱ, নিউয়ৰ্ক, আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ, ২০১৯<ref>{{cite news|url=https://festivalforpoetry.com/2019/04/06/read-the-top-poems-from-april-2019/|title=top poems|publisher=poetry festival}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://sevenartnews.com|title=Sahar Ajdamsani winner of the poetry festival in New York|publisher=seven art news(Iran)}}</ref> * ব্লেক এণ্ড হোৱাইট ফটোগ্ৰাফী মহোৎসৱ, এথেন্স, গ্ৰীচ, ২০১৯<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.blankwallgallery.com/sahar-ajdamsani-iran/|title=Sahar Ajdamsani Iran|publisher=Blank Wall Gallery}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://honaronline.ir|title=Iranian photographer winner of the photography award in Greece|publisher=honar online(Iran)}}</ref> * ৮ম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় এথেন্স কবিতা মহোৎসৱৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ কবি, এথেন্স, গ্ৰীচ, ২০১৯ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theinstitute.info/?p=4185|title=8th International Video Poetry Festival | 13-14 December 2019 - Theatre Empros|date=30 November 2019|website=Ινστιτούτο [Πειραματικών Τεχνών]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://banifilm.ir|title=شاعر ایرانی برنده جشنواره بین‌المللی شعر یونان|date=8 January 2020|website=بانی فیلم}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibna.ir/en/doc/tolidi/285868/iranian-poetess-tops-international-athens-poetry-festival|title=IBNA - Iranian poetess tops International Athens Poetry Festival|date=11 January 2020|website=Iran's Book News Agency (IBNA)|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-date=22 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122100710/http://www.ibna.ir/en/doc/tolidi/285868/iranian-poetess-tops-international-athens-poetry-festival|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ১০ম ৱমেন স্ক্ৰীম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কবিতা মহোৎসৱ, মেক্সিকো, ২০২০ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womanscreamfestival.com/2020/03/woman-scream-call-for-submission.html|title=Woman Scream Call For Submission Selection}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womanscreamfestival.com/2020/03/woman-scream-anthology.html?m=1|title = Woman Scream Anthology}}</ref> == গ্ৰন্থসমূহ == * ''৫থ চিজন অৱ দি আৰ্থ'', ২০১৮ (কবিতা পুথি)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibna.irিস%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF|title=Sahar Ajdamsani presented her poetry book 5th season of the earth|publisher=Iran book news agency}}</ref> * ''আই ফ্লেউ টু দ্য মুন'', ২০১৯ (কবিতা পুথি)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibna.ir/fa/doc/naghli/267575/رونمایی-مجموعه-اشعار-فصل-پنجم-زمین-باغ-کتاب|title=Presentation of I flew to the moon poetry book of Sahar Ajdamsani|publisher=Iran book news agency}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== kq77eknhbnmxnpzo7kn0h4fgc90asgk 608854 608852 2026-05-26T11:39:04Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = সাহাৰ আজদমসানি | image = Sahar.Ajdamsani.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1996|3|26}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | origin = ইৰান | occupation = গায়িকা, সুৰকাৰ, কবি, গীতিকাৰ, লেখিকা, ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ }} সাহাৰ আজদমসানি হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী গায়িকা, সুৰকাৰ, কবি, গীতিকাৰ, লেখিকা আৰু ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-23|title=Famous Iranian Poet, Singer, Photographer and Writer – Sahar Ajdamsani|url=https://enewspaper.com.pk|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Enewspaper.com.pk|language=en-US}}</ref> == জীৱনী == সাহাৰে আঠ বছৰ বয়সৰপৰাই কবিতা লিখিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Longawa|first=Joanna|date=2019-03-26|title=Presentation of the Book "5th Chapter of Earth in Iran" in Tehran Book|url=https://www.jlinterviews.com/sahar-ajdamsani/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=JL Interviews|language=en-GB}}</ref> তেওঁ ফাৰ্চী, ইংৰাজী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষাত কবিতা ৰচনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://musicefars.ir/sahar-ajdamsani/|title=Interview with Sahar Ajdamsani|publisher=Musicefars(Iran)}}</ref>‍ তেওঁৰ সৃষ্টিৰাজিৰ মূল বিষয়-বস্তু হৈছে বিশ্ব শান্তি, মহিলাৰ অধিকাৰ ৰক্ষা, দয়া আৰু মানৱতা। নিজৰ শিল্পকৰ্মৰ জৰিয়তে নাৰী অধিকাৰ আৰু মানৱাধিকাৰ সুৰক্ষা কৰাৰ লগতে শান্তি, মানৱতা, সমতা আৰু দয়াৰ প্ৰসাৰ ঘটোৱা এগৰাকী শিল্পী হিচাপে তেওঁ পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ceo-latam.com/ceo-life/arte-cultura/mi-grito-libertad/|title=my call for freedom|publisher=Ceo Latam(Brazil)|archive-date=7 May 2021|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507015141/https://www.ceo-latam.com/ceo-life/arte-cultura/mi-grito-libertad/|url-status=dead}}</ref> তেওঁ সেইসকল কমসংখ্যক ইৰানী শিল্পীৰ ভিতৰত এজন যাৰ শিল্পকৰ্মৰ বিষয়ে বহু দেশে লিখা-লেখি কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://niuzy-france.com/mag/2019/07/09/niuzy-la-serie-iranienne-2-une-poetesse-et-photographe-sahar-ajdamsani/|title=Iranian story, interview with poet & photographer Sahar Ajdamsani|publisher=Niuzy France|archive-date=23 July 2021|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723160402/http://niuzy-france.com/mag/2019/07/09/niuzy-la-serie-iranienne-2-une-poetesse-et-photographe-sahar-ajdamsani/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/12/09/news/al_museo_cinese_di_parma_arriva_sahar_ajdamsani_artista_e_attivista_iraniana-243043178/|title=Al Museo Cinese di Parma arrives Sahar Ajdamsani, artista e attivista iraniana|date=9 December 2019|website=la Repubblica}}</ref> নাৰী অধিকাৰৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত তেওঁৰ ''চেনচৰশ্বিপ'' কবিতাটোৰ বাবে ৱাইল্ড চাউণ্ড কবিতা মহোৎসৱত বঁটা লাভ কৰা তেওঁ প্ৰথমগৰাকী ইৰানী নাগৰিক।<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 18, 2019|title=Tête-à-Tête with Sahar Ajdamsani: Iran's emerging singer, writer and activist|url=https://www.ravimagazine.com/tete-a-tete-with-sahar-ajdamsani-irans-emerging-singer-writer-and-activist/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Ravi Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> সাহাৰক ইৰানত গ্ল’বেল ফটোগ্ৰাফিক ইউনিয়নৰ প্ৰতিনিধি হিচাপেও নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2019-10-30|title=Iran's female photographer becomes representative of GPU|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83535919/Iran-s-female-photographer-becomes-representative-of-GPU|access-date=2022-01-16|website=IRNA English|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gitionline.ir/fa/news/29419|title=سحر اژدم‌ثانی به عنوان نماینده اتحادیه جهانی عکاسی در ایران معرفی‌ شد|date=8 August 1398|website=fa}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> যদিও ইৰানত মহিলাৰ বাবে সংগীত নিষিদ্ধ আৰু বাৰণ কৰা হৈছে, তথাপি তেওঁ বহু দেশত বহুতো সংগীতানুষ্ঠান পৰিৱেশন কৰিছে। ইৰানত মহিলাৰ ওপৰত থকা বহু সীমাবদ্ধতাৰ সত্ত্বেও তেওঁ সফলতা অৰ্জন কৰিছে আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metooo.it/e/sahar-ajdamsani-dreamy-world|title=Sahar Ajdamsani Biglietti, 20/dic/2019 20:00:00 | Metooo|website=www.metooo.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/eventi/sacro-sud-anime-salve-concerti-programma.html|title=Sacro Sud - Anime Salve 2.0: torna il festival diretto da Enzo Avitabile|website=NapoliToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.12tvparma.it/Video/tg-parma---telegiornale/a-parma-il-dreamy-world-dell-attivista-sahar-ajdam|title=TV Parma - A PARMA IL DREAMY WORLD DELL'ATTIVISTA SAHAR AJDAMSANI|website=www.12tvparma.it|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101090156/http://www.12tvparma.it/Video/tg-parma---telegiornale/a-parma-il-dreamy-world-dell-attivista-sahar-ajdam|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://skylight.gr/index.php/2019/10/18/sahar-ajdamsani-a-talented-iranian-artist/|title=SAHAR AJDAMSANI – A Talented Iranian Artist – Skylight Webzine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museocineseparma.org/it/news/254-sahar-ajdamsani-dreamy-world|title=Sahar Ajdamsani "Dreamy World"|website=museocineseparma.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.welltribune.it/2019/11/28/a-parma-arriva-sahar-ajdamsani-artista-e-attivista-iraniana/|title=A Parma arriva Sahar Ajdamsani, artista e attivista iraniana|first=redazione|last=WellTribune|date=28 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allevents.in/parma/sahar-ajdamsani-dreamy-world/200018419487450|title=Sahar Ajdamsani Dreamy world|website=allevents.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/it-it/notizie/italia/al-museo-cinese-di-parma-arriva-sahar-ajdamsani-artista-e-attivista-iraniana/ar-BBY0gnq|title=Al Museo Cinese di Parma arriva Sahar Ajdamsani, artista e attivista iraniana|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isoradio.rai.it/dl/portaleRadio/media/ContentItem-82c824ec-0908-490f-bbcd-8bbf57ad501a.html|title=Giovanni Amighetti - Sahar Ajdamsani al Museo Cinese di Parma|website=Rai}}</ref> তেওঁৰ কবিতাসমূহ বহু ভাষালৈ অনূদিত হৈছে আৰু বহু দেশত প্ৰকাশ পাইছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বহু দেশৰ কবিতা মহোৎসবলৈকো তেওঁ আমন্ত্ৰিত হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://atunispoetry.com/2021/08/21/sahar-ajdamsani-iran/|title=Sahar Ajdamsani (Iran)|date=21 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.litterateurrw.com/magazines/june_2021/files/basic-html/page25.html|title=Page 25 - June 2021 Litterateur|website=www.litterateurrw.com|access-date=23 August 2021|archive-date=25 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025235948/https://www.litterateurrw.com/magazines/june_2021/files/basic-html/page25.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.festivaldepoesiademedellin.org/es/Festival/31/SaharAjdamsani/|title=Sahar Ajdamsani (Irán)|website=www.festivaldepoesiademedellin.org}}</ref> == বঁটা আৰু সন্মান == * ৱাইল্ডসাউণ্ড কবিতা মহোৎসৱ, নিউয়ৰ্ক, আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ, ২০১৯<ref>{{cite news|url=https://festivalforpoetry.com/2019/04/06/read-the-top-poems-from-april-2019/|title=top poems|publisher=poetry festival}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://sevenartnews.com|title=Sahar Ajdamsani winner of the poetry festival in New York|publisher=seven art news(Iran)}}</ref> * ব্লেক এণ্ড হোৱাইট ফটোগ্ৰাফী মহোৎসৱ, এথেন্স, গ্ৰীচ, ২০১৯<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.blankwallgallery.com/sahar-ajdamsani-iran/|title=Sahar Ajdamsani Iran|publisher=Blank Wall Gallery}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://honaronline.ir|title=Iranian photographer winner of the photography award in Greece|publisher=honar online(Iran)}}</ref> * ৮ম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় এথেন্স কবিতা মহোৎসৱৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ কবি, এথেন্স, গ্ৰীচ, ২০১৯ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theinstitute.info/?p=4185|title=8th International Video Poetry Festival | 13-14 December 2019 - Theatre Empros|date=30 November 2019|website=Ινστιτούτο [Πειραματικών Τεχνών]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://banifilm.ir|title=شاعر ایرانی برنده جشنواره بین‌المللی شعر یونان|date=8 January 2020|website=بانی فیلم}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibna.ir/en/doc/tolidi/285868/iranian-poetess-tops-international-athens-poetry-festival|title=IBNA - Iranian poetess tops International Athens Poetry Festival|date=11 January 2020|website=Iran's Book News Agency (IBNA)|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-date=22 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122100710/http://www.ibna.ir/en/doc/tolidi/285868/iranian-poetess-tops-international-athens-poetry-festival|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ১০ম ৱমেন স্ক্ৰীম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কবিতা মহোৎসৱ, মেক্সিকো, ২০২০ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womanscreamfestival.com/2020/03/woman-scream-call-for-submission.html|title=Woman Scream Call For Submission Selection}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womanscreamfestival.com/2020/03/woman-scream-anthology.html?m=1|title = Woman Scream Anthology}}</ref> == গ্ৰন্থসমূহ == * ''৫থ চিজন অৱ দি আৰ্থ'', ২০১৮ (কবিতা পুথি)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibna.irিস%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF|title=Sahar Ajdamsani presented her poetry book 5th season of the earth|publisher=Iran book news agency}}</ref> * ''আই ফ্লেউ টু দ্য মুন'', ২০১৯ (কবিতা পুথি)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibna.ir/fa/doc/naghli/267575/رونمایی-مجموعه-اشعار-فصل-پنجم-زمین-باغ-کتاب|title=Presentation of I flew to the moon poetry book of Sahar Ajdamsani|publisher=Iran book news agency}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গায়িকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সুৰকাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কবি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গীতিকাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:লেখিকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ]] 8ag6xu6q2exzswwpqzowshtjc2qrcet 608855 608854 2026-05-26T11:39:30Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* বাহ্যিক সংযোগ */ 608855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = সাহাৰ আজদমসানি | image = Sahar.Ajdamsani.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1996|3|26}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | origin = ইৰান | occupation = গায়িকা, সুৰকাৰ, কবি, গীতিকাৰ, লেখিকা, ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ }} সাহাৰ আজদমসানি হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী গায়িকা, সুৰকাৰ, কবি, গীতিকাৰ, লেখিকা আৰু ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-23|title=Famous Iranian Poet, Singer, Photographer and Writer – Sahar Ajdamsani|url=https://enewspaper.com.pk|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Enewspaper.com.pk|language=en-US}}</ref> == জীৱনী == সাহাৰে আঠ বছৰ বয়সৰপৰাই কবিতা লিখিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|last=Longawa|first=Joanna|date=2019-03-26|title=Presentation of the Book "5th Chapter of Earth in Iran" in Tehran Book|url=https://www.jlinterviews.com/sahar-ajdamsani/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=JL Interviews|language=en-GB}}</ref> তেওঁ ফাৰ্চী, ইংৰাজী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষাত কবিতা ৰচনা কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://musicefars.ir/sahar-ajdamsani/|title=Interview with Sahar Ajdamsani|publisher=Musicefars(Iran)}}</ref>‍ তেওঁৰ সৃষ্টিৰাজিৰ মূল বিষয়-বস্তু হৈছে বিশ্ব শান্তি, মহিলাৰ অধিকাৰ ৰক্ষা, দয়া আৰু মানৱতা। নিজৰ শিল্পকৰ্মৰ জৰিয়তে নাৰী অধিকাৰ আৰু মানৱাধিকাৰ সুৰক্ষা কৰাৰ লগতে শান্তি, মানৱতা, সমতা আৰু দয়াৰ প্ৰসাৰ ঘটোৱা এগৰাকী শিল্পী হিচাপে তেওঁ পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ceo-latam.com/ceo-life/arte-cultura/mi-grito-libertad/|title=my call for freedom|publisher=Ceo Latam(Brazil)|archive-date=7 May 2021|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507015141/https://www.ceo-latam.com/ceo-life/arte-cultura/mi-grito-libertad/|url-status=dead}}</ref> তেওঁ সেইসকল কমসংখ্যক ইৰানী শিল্পীৰ ভিতৰত এজন যাৰ শিল্পকৰ্মৰ বিষয়ে বহু দেশে লিখা-লেখি কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://niuzy-france.com/mag/2019/07/09/niuzy-la-serie-iranienne-2-une-poetesse-et-photographe-sahar-ajdamsani/|title=Iranian story, interview with poet & photographer Sahar Ajdamsani|publisher=Niuzy France|archive-date=23 July 2021|access-date=19 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723160402/http://niuzy-france.com/mag/2019/07/09/niuzy-la-serie-iranienne-2-une-poetesse-et-photographe-sahar-ajdamsani/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parma.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/12/09/news/al_museo_cinese_di_parma_arriva_sahar_ajdamsani_artista_e_attivista_iraniana-243043178/|title=Al Museo Cinese di Parma arrives Sahar Ajdamsani, artista e attivista iraniana|date=9 December 2019|website=la Repubblica}}</ref> নাৰী অধিকাৰৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত তেওঁৰ ''চেনচৰশ্বিপ'' কবিতাটোৰ বাবে ৱাইল্ড চাউণ্ড কবিতা মহোৎসৱত বঁটা লাভ কৰা তেওঁ প্ৰথমগৰাকী ইৰানী নাগৰিক।<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 18, 2019|title=Tête-à-Tête with Sahar Ajdamsani: Iran's emerging singer, writer and activist|url=https://www.ravimagazine.com/tete-a-tete-with-sahar-ajdamsani-irans-emerging-singer-writer-and-activist/|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Ravi Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> সাহাৰক ইৰানত গ্ল’বেল ফটোগ্ৰাফিক ইউনিয়নৰ প্ৰতিনিধি হিচাপেও নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2019-10-30|title=Iran's female photographer becomes representative of GPU|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/83535919/Iran-s-female-photographer-becomes-representative-of-GPU|access-date=2022-01-16|website=IRNA English|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gitionline.ir/fa/news/29419|title=سحر اژدم‌ثانی به عنوان نماینده اتحادیه جهانی عکاسی در ایران معرفی‌ شد|date=8 August 1398|website=fa}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> যদিও ইৰানত মহিলাৰ বাবে সংগীত নিষিদ্ধ আৰু বাৰণ কৰা হৈছে, তথাপি তেওঁ বহু দেশত বহুতো সংগীতানুষ্ঠান পৰিৱেশন কৰিছে। ইৰানত মহিলাৰ ওপৰত থকা বহু সীমাবদ্ধতাৰ সত্ত্বেও তেওঁ সফলতা অৰ্জন কৰিছে আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metooo.it/e/sahar-ajdamsani-dreamy-world|title=Sahar Ajdamsani Biglietti, 20/dic/2019 20:00:00 | Metooo|website=www.metooo.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.napolitoday.it/eventi/sacro-sud-anime-salve-concerti-programma.html|title=Sacro Sud - Anime Salve 2.0: torna il festival diretto da Enzo Avitabile|website=NapoliToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.12tvparma.it/Video/tg-parma---telegiornale/a-parma-il-dreamy-world-dell-attivista-sahar-ajdam|title=TV Parma - A PARMA IL DREAMY WORLD DELL'ATTIVISTA SAHAR AJDAMSANI|website=www.12tvparma.it|access-date=1 January 2020|archive-date=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101090156/http://www.12tvparma.it/Video/tg-parma---telegiornale/a-parma-il-dreamy-world-dell-attivista-sahar-ajdam|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://skylight.gr/index.php/2019/10/18/sahar-ajdamsani-a-talented-iranian-artist/|title=SAHAR AJDAMSANI – A Talented Iranian Artist – Skylight Webzine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museocineseparma.org/it/news/254-sahar-ajdamsani-dreamy-world|title=Sahar Ajdamsani "Dreamy World"|website=museocineseparma.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.welltribune.it/2019/11/28/a-parma-arriva-sahar-ajdamsani-artista-e-attivista-iraniana/|title=A Parma arriva Sahar Ajdamsani, artista e attivista iraniana|first=redazione|last=WellTribune|date=28 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allevents.in/parma/sahar-ajdamsani-dreamy-world/200018419487450|title=Sahar Ajdamsani Dreamy world|website=allevents.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/it-it/notizie/italia/al-museo-cinese-di-parma-arriva-sahar-ajdamsani-artista-e-attivista-iraniana/ar-BBY0gnq|title=Al Museo Cinese di Parma arriva Sahar Ajdamsani, artista e attivista iraniana|website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.isoradio.rai.it/dl/portaleRadio/media/ContentItem-82c824ec-0908-490f-bbcd-8bbf57ad501a.html|title=Giovanni Amighetti - Sahar Ajdamsani al Museo Cinese di Parma|website=Rai}}</ref> তেওঁৰ কবিতাসমূহ বহু ভাষালৈ অনূদিত হৈছে আৰু বহু দেশত প্ৰকাশ পাইছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বহু দেশৰ কবিতা মহোৎসবলৈকো তেওঁ আমন্ত্ৰিত হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://atunispoetry.com/2021/08/21/sahar-ajdamsani-iran/|title=Sahar Ajdamsani (Iran)|date=21 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.litterateurrw.com/magazines/june_2021/files/basic-html/page25.html|title=Page 25 - June 2021 Litterateur|website=www.litterateurrw.com|access-date=23 August 2021|archive-date=25 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025235948/https://www.litterateurrw.com/magazines/june_2021/files/basic-html/page25.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.festivaldepoesiademedellin.org/es/Festival/31/SaharAjdamsani/|title=Sahar Ajdamsani (Irán)|website=www.festivaldepoesiademedellin.org}}</ref> == বঁটা আৰু সন্মান == * ৱাইল্ডসাউণ্ড কবিতা মহোৎসৱ, নিউয়ৰ্ক, আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ, ২০১৯<ref>{{cite news|url=https://festivalforpoetry.com/2019/04/06/read-the-top-poems-from-april-2019/|title=top poems|publisher=poetry festival}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://sevenartnews.com|title=Sahar Ajdamsani winner of the poetry festival in New York|publisher=seven art news(Iran)}}</ref> * ব্লেক এণ্ড হোৱাইট ফটোগ্ৰাফী মহোৎসৱ, এথেন্স, গ্ৰীচ, ২০১৯<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.blankwallgallery.com/sahar-ajdamsani-iran/|title=Sahar Ajdamsani Iran|publisher=Blank Wall Gallery}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://honaronline.ir|title=Iranian photographer winner of the photography award in Greece|publisher=honar online(Iran)}}</ref> * ৮ম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় এথেন্স কবিতা মহোৎসৱৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ কবি, এথেন্স, গ্ৰীচ, ২০১৯ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theinstitute.info/?p=4185|title=8th International Video Poetry Festival | 13-14 December 2019 - Theatre Empros|date=30 November 2019|website=Ινστιτούτο [Πειραματικών Τεχνών]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://banifilm.ir|title=شاعر ایرانی برنده جشنواره بین‌المللی شعر یونان|date=8 January 2020|website=بانی فیلم}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibna.ir/en/doc/tolidi/285868/iranian-poetess-tops-international-athens-poetry-festival|title=IBNA - Iranian poetess tops International Athens Poetry Festival|date=11 January 2020|website=Iran's Book News Agency (IBNA)|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-date=22 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200122100710/http://www.ibna.ir/en/doc/tolidi/285868/iranian-poetess-tops-international-athens-poetry-festival|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ১০ম ৱমেন স্ক্ৰীম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কবিতা মহোৎসৱ, মেক্সিকো, ২০২০ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womanscreamfestival.com/2020/03/woman-scream-call-for-submission.html|title=Woman Scream Call For Submission Selection}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.womanscreamfestival.com/2020/03/woman-scream-anthology.html?m=1|title = Woman Scream Anthology}}</ref> == গ্ৰন্থসমূহ == * ''৫থ চিজন অৱ দি আৰ্থ'', ২০১৮ (কবিতা পুথি)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibna.irিস%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DA%98%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF|title=Sahar Ajdamsani presented her poetry book 5th season of the earth|publisher=Iran book news agency}}</ref> * ''আই ফ্লেউ টু দ্য মুন'', ২০১৯ (কবিতা পুথি)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ibna.ir/fa/doc/naghli/267575/رونمایی-مجموعه-اشعار-فصل-پنجم-زمین-باغ-کتاب|title=Presentation of I flew to the moon poetry book of Sahar Ajdamsani|publisher=Iran book news agency}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{instagram|id=saharajdamsani}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গায়িকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সুৰকাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কবি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গীতিকাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:লেখিকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ]] bnrlnmqa0qpikbb9n4j60rglf7r2jh3 0 137067 608859 2026-05-26T11:45:42Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox musical artist |name = ৰাণা ফাৰহান |image = Rana Farhan.jpg | caption = পলেটিকত ৰাণা ফাৰহান - আগষ্ট ২০১৪ |image_size = |background = solo_singer |origin = [[ইৰান]] |instrument = |genre = ব্লুজ, জাজ, পৰীক্ষামূলক সংগীত |occupation = গায়িকা |yea... 608859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = ৰাণা ফাৰহান |image = Rana Farhan.jpg | caption = পলেটিকত ৰাণা ফাৰহান - আগষ্ট ২০১৪ |image_size = |background = solo_singer |origin = [[ইৰান]] |instrument = |genre = ব্লুজ, জাজ, পৰীক্ষামূলক সংগীত |occupation = গায়িকা |years_active = ২০০base–বৰ্তমান |website = ranafarhanmusic.com }} ৰাণা ফাৰহান হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী সংগীতজ্ঞ তথা জাজ আৰু ব্লুজ সংগীতৰ গায়িকা। তহেৰান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ১৯৮৯ চনত ইৰান এৰি থৈ যায় আৰু তেতিয়াৰ পৰাই তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্কত বসবাস কৰি আছে।<ref name=curiel>{{Cite news|url = https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2013/09/24/rana_farhan_sings_the_persian_blues/|title = Rana Farhan Sings the 'Persian Blues'|last = Curiel|first = Jonathan|date = September 24, 2013 |work =KQED Arts |access-date =7 March 2015 }}</ref> == এলবাম বাণীবদ্ধকৰণ == ২০০৫ চনত তেওঁ গিটাৰবাদক তথা প্ৰযোজক ষ্টিফেন টাউবৰ সৈতে একেলগে কাম কৰি তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমটো পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ অডিঅ' চিডি ''দ্য ব্লুজ আৰ ব্ৰিউইন'' উলিয়ায়, যিটো আছিল আমেৰিকান জাজ আৰু ব্লুজ সংগীতৰ এক সংগ্ৰহ। ফাৰহানৰ দ্বিতীয়টো এলবাম ''আই ৰিটাৰ্ন''-ত ধ্ৰুপদী ফাৰ্চী কবিতাৰ সৈতে সমসাময়িক ব্লুজ আৰু জাজ সংগীতৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ ঘটোৱা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ জৰিয়তে জাজ ফিউজন প্ৰকল্পৰ এটা আৰ্হি প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়, যাক তেওঁ নিজৰ কামত ধাৰাবাহিকভাৱে অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰি আহিছে। ''ৰুমীজ প্ৰেয়াৰ'' নামৰ এটা স্বতন্ত্ৰভাৱে প্ৰচাৰিত একক গীতৰ ইতিবাচক সঁহাৰি পোৱাৰ পিছত, তেওঁ পুনৰ টাউবৰ সৈতে লগ লাগি ৰুমী আৰু হাফেজৰ দৰে প্ৰধান কবিসকলৰ কবিতা সম্বলিত গীতৰ এটা এলবাম তৈয়াৰ কৰে।<ref> {{cite web |url=http://radiozamaaneh.com/cafe/2008/03/post_77.html |title=مصاحبهٔ رادیو زمانه با رعنا فرحان |last1=Naseri |first1=M. |date=2008 |website=Radio Zamaneh.com |publisher= |access-date=7 Mar 2015}}</ref> তেওঁ বিশেষকৈ সেই এলবামটোৰ ''ড্ৰাংক ৱিথ লাভ'' নামৰ গীতটোৰ বাবে সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰিছিল। এই গীতটো বিভিন্ন ঠাইত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে—আমেৰিকান আইডলৰ ইৰানী সংস্কৰণত প্ৰতিযোগীসকলে গোৱাৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বহমন ঘোবাদীৰ ২০০৯ চনৰ বোলছবি ''নো ৱান ন’জ এবাউট পাৰ্চিয়ান কেটচ''-লৈকে ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে। <ref name=curiel /> তেওঁৰ ২০১১ চনৰ এলবাম ''মুন এণ্ড ষ্টোন'' হৈছে চ’ল সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি এক প্ৰকাশভংগীপূৰ্ণ শ্ৰদ্ধাঞ্জলি।<ref>{{Cite news|title = Music: Persian Poetry Gets the Blues|last = Smith|first = Emily Esfahani|date =August 30, 2011 |work =Wall Street Journal |id = {{ProQuest|885688144}}}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনৰ বাণীবদ্ধ কৰা এলবাম ''আত্তাৰ বুলেভাৰ্ড''-ৰ বাবে তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ড্ৰমত এখন ডাঙৰ এলবাম মুক্তিৰ অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dromnyc.com/events/3400/rana-farhan-album-release-concert#.VPuTv8ZwOtd |title=Rana Farhan Album Release Concert |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2008 |website=DROMNYC.com |publisher= |access-date=7 Mar 2015}}</ref> 9rbdc5zbemmgn5vtknkgjzpsbdld2ho 608860 608859 2026-05-26T11:46:47Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 608860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = ৰাণা ফাৰহান |image = Rana Farhan.jpg | caption = পলেটিকত ৰাণা ফাৰহান - আগষ্ট ২০১৪ |image_size = |background = solo_singer |origin = [[ইৰান]] |instrument = |genre = ব্লুজ, জাজ, পৰীক্ষামূলক সংগীত |occupation = গায়িকা |years_active = ২০০base–বৰ্তমান |website = ranafarhanmusic.com }} ৰাণা ফাৰহান হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী সংগীতজ্ঞ তথা জাজ আৰু ব্লুজ সংগীতৰ গায়িকা। তহেৰান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ১৯৮৯ চনত ইৰান এৰি থৈ যায় আৰু তেতিয়াৰ পৰাই তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্কত বসবাস কৰি আছে।<ref name=curiel>{{Cite news|url = https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2013/09/24/rana_farhan_sings_the_persian_blues/|title = Rana Farhan Sings the 'Persian Blues'|last = Curiel|first = Jonathan|date = September 24, 2013 |work =KQED Arts |access-date =7 March 2015 }}</ref> == এলবাম বাণীবদ্ধকৰণ == ২০০৫ চনত তেওঁ গিটাৰবাদক তথা প্ৰযোজক ষ্টিফেন টাউবৰ সৈতে একেলগে কাম কৰি তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমটো পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ অডিঅ' চিডি ''দ্য ব্লুজ আৰ ব্ৰিউইন'' উলিয়ায়, যিটো আছিল আমেৰিকান জাজ আৰু ব্লুজ সংগীতৰ এক সংগ্ৰহ। ফাৰহানৰ দ্বিতীয়টো এলবাম ''আই ৰিটাৰ্ন''-ত ধ্ৰুপদী ফাৰ্চী কবিতাৰ সৈতে সমসাময়িক ব্লুজ আৰু জাজ সংগীতৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ ঘটোৱা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ জৰিয়তে জাজ ফিউজন প্ৰকল্পৰ এটা আৰ্হি প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়, যাক তেওঁ নিজৰ কামত ধাৰাবাহিকভাৱে অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰি আহিছে। ''ৰুমীজ প্ৰেয়াৰ'' নামৰ এটা স্বতন্ত্ৰভাৱে প্ৰচাৰিত একক গীতৰ ইতিবাচক সঁহাৰি পোৱাৰ পিছত, তেওঁ পুনৰ টাউবৰ সৈতে লগ লাগি ৰুমী আৰু হাফেজৰ দৰে প্ৰধান কবিসকলৰ কবিতা সম্বলিত গীতৰ এটা এলবাম তৈয়াৰ কৰে।<ref> {{cite web |url=http://radiozamaaneh.com/cafe/2008/03/post_77.html |title=مصاحبهٔ رادیو زمانه با رعنا فرحان |last1=Naseri |first1=M. |date=2008 |website=Radio Zamaneh.com |publisher= |access-date=7 Mar 2015}}</ref> তেওঁ বিশেষকৈ সেই এলবামটোৰ ''ড্ৰাংক ৱিথ লাভ'' নামৰ গীতটোৰ বাবে সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰিছিল। এই গীতটো বিভিন্ন ঠাইত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে—আমেৰিকান আইডলৰ ইৰানী সংস্কৰণত প্ৰতিযোগীসকলে গোৱাৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বহমন ঘোবাদীৰ ২০০৯ চনৰ বোলছবি ''নো ৱান ন’জ এবাউট পাৰ্চিয়ান কেটচ''-লৈকে ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে। <ref name=curiel /> তেওঁৰ ২০১১ চনৰ এলবাম ''মুন এণ্ড ষ্টোন'' হৈছে চ’ল সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি এক প্ৰকাশভংগীপূৰ্ণ শ্ৰদ্ধাঞ্জলি।<ref>{{Cite news|title = Music: Persian Poetry Gets the Blues|last = Smith|first = Emily Esfahani|date =August 30, 2011 |work =Wall Street Journal |id = {{ProQuest|885688144}}}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনৰ বাণীবদ্ধ কৰা এলবাম ''আত্তাৰ বুলেভাৰ্ড''-ৰ বাবে তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ড্ৰমত এখন ডাঙৰ এলবাম মুক্তিৰ অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dromnyc.com/events/3400/rana-farhan-album-release-concert#.VPuTv8ZwOtd |title=Rana Farhan Album Release Concert |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2008 |website=DROMNYC.com |publisher= |access-date=7 Mar 2015}}</ref> == দৃশ্যকলা == ফাৰহানে গিল্ডিং অৰ্থাৎ সোণালী পাতৰ কাম আৰু মিনিয়েচাৰ পেইণ্টিঙো কৰে। তেওঁ এই দুয়োবিধ কাৰ্যতে অতি পৰম্পৰাগত শৈলী ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাৰ লগতে এই কৌশলসমূহ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি বিমূৰ্ত ৰচনা (এবষ্ট্ৰেক্ট কম্পোজিশ্যন) সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref name=farhan>{{cite web |url=http://www.ranafarhan.com/bio.html |title=Rana Farhan Bio |publisher=Ranafarhan.com |date= |accessdate=2015-07-03 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716051831/http://www.ranafarhan.com/bio.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://zanantv.net/blog/2014/12/12/%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF/ |title=Rana Farhan Frame the colors of wood and stone رعنا فرحان و قاب هایی از رنگ و سنگ |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=Zanantv.net |publisher=Zanan TV |access-date=7 Mar 2015 |archive-date=26 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226192214/https://zanantv.net/blog/2014/12/12/%d8%b1%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%b1%d9%86%da%af-%d9%88-%d8%b3%d9%86%da%af/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == উপস্থিতি == ৰাণাক বিবিচি পাৰ্চিয়ান, মানোটো, ভয়েচ অৱ আমেৰিকা, লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ কিৰ্ণ ৬৭০ এএমত সুজি খাতামীৰ "লাইভ ফ্ৰম হলিউড", শাহৰাম আহাদীৰ সৈতে জাৰ্মান ৰেডিঅ' ডিডব্লিউ-ৱৰ্ল্ড.ডিই, ফৰিদ ৱাহাবীৰ সৈতে আৰএফআই ৰেডিঅ' ফ্ৰান্স ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলৰ "তাৰানেয়েহ নাচোৰুদেহ", ভয়েচ অৱ আমেৰিকা ৰেডিঅ' ফাৰ্দা, লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ ৬৭০এএমত হোমা চাৰ্ছাৰৰ "খানেহ-য়ে দুস্ত", বিবিচি পাৰ্চিয়ানৰ বাবে বেহজাদ বলুৰৰ সৈতে কুক মনোৰঞ্জনমূলক অনুষ্ঠান, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ মেলবৰ্ণৰ পৰা শ্বোলেহ চদৰ এছবিএছ ৰেডিঅ', কানচাচ চিটি ৰেডিঅ'ৰ ৯০.১ এফএম কেকেএফআইত "চাবা: ৱিণ্ড অৱ লাভ", ফেয়াৰফিল্ড চিটিৰ ডব্লিউভিঅ’এফ ৮৮.৫ এফএমত "দ্য আপাৰ ৰুম ৱিথ জো কেলী", ৱাশিংটনৰ স্পোকেনত শাহৰুখ নিকফাৰৰ সৈতে কিআৰএছ ৯২.৩ এফএমত "পাৰ্চিয়ান আৱাৰ", আৰু আৰ্জেণ্টিনাৰ বুয়েনছ আয়াৰছৰ "গুডটাইম ব্লুজ শ্বো"-ত প্ৰদৰ্শিত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/musicians/rana-farhan/| title= Goodtime Blues Show" in Argentina}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ মেলিসা শশাহীৰ সৈতে বেবিন টিভি আৰু ভয়েচ অৱ আমেৰিকা বা পাৰ্চিয়ান টিভিৰ শ্বাবাহাং অনুষ্ঠানতো অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছে। == সংগীতপঞ্জী == * ২০০৭ : ''আই ৰিটাৰ্ন'' * ২০০৯ : ''ইউৰ ৱিশ্ব'' * ২০১১ : ''মুন এণ্ড ষ্টোন'' * २०१৪ : ''আত্তাৰ বুলেভাৰ্ড'' * ২০১৮ : ''টকীন অবাউট লাভ'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ranafarhanmusic.com/home|title=Talking 'bout Love - گفتگوی عشق|website=Ranafarhanmusic.com|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref> * ২০২৫ : ''পাৰ্চিয়ান চ’ল'' ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== qisc12a4ajdswxhoo5pb9n5lq6l0agp 608861 608860 2026-05-26T11:48:26Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 /* বাহ্যিক সংযোগ */ 608861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = ৰাণা ফাৰহান |image = Rana Farhan.jpg | caption = পলেটিকত ৰাণা ফাৰহান - আগষ্ট ২০১৪ |image_size = |background = solo_singer |origin = [[ইৰান]] |instrument = |genre = ব্লুজ, জাজ, পৰীক্ষামূলক সংগীত |occupation = গায়িকা |years_active = ২০০base–বৰ্তমান |website = ranafarhanmusic.com }} ৰাণা ফাৰহান হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী সংগীতজ্ঞ তথা জাজ আৰু ব্লুজ সংগীতৰ গায়িকা। তহেৰান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ১৯৮৯ চনত ইৰান এৰি থৈ যায় আৰু তেতিয়াৰ পৰাই তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্কত বসবাস কৰি আছে।<ref name=curiel>{{Cite news|url = https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2013/09/24/rana_farhan_sings_the_persian_blues/|title = Rana Farhan Sings the 'Persian Blues'|last = Curiel|first = Jonathan|date = September 24, 2013 |work =KQED Arts |access-date =7 March 2015 }}</ref> == এলবাম বাণীবদ্ধকৰণ == ২০০৫ চনত তেওঁ গিটাৰবাদক তথা প্ৰযোজক ষ্টিফেন টাউবৰ সৈতে একেলগে কাম কৰি তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমটো পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ অডিঅ' চিডি ''দ্য ব্লুজ আৰ ব্ৰিউইন'' উলিয়ায়, যিটো আছিল আমেৰিকান জাজ আৰু ব্লুজ সংগীতৰ এক সংগ্ৰহ। ফাৰহানৰ দ্বিতীয়টো এলবাম ''আই ৰিটাৰ্ন''-ত ধ্ৰুপদী ফাৰ্চী কবিতাৰ সৈতে সমসাময়িক ব্লুজ আৰু জাজ সংগীতৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ ঘটোৱা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ জৰিয়তে জাজ ফিউজন প্ৰকল্পৰ এটা আৰ্হি প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়, যাক তেওঁ নিজৰ কামত ধাৰাবাহিকভাৱে অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰি আহিছে। ''ৰুমীজ প্ৰেয়াৰ'' নামৰ এটা স্বতন্ত্ৰভাৱে প্ৰচাৰিত একক গীতৰ ইতিবাচক সঁহাৰি পোৱাৰ পিছত, তেওঁ পুনৰ টাউবৰ সৈতে লগ লাগি ৰুমী আৰু হাফেজৰ দৰে প্ৰধান কবিসকলৰ কবিতা সম্বলিত গীতৰ এটা এলবাম তৈয়াৰ কৰে।<ref> {{cite web |url=http://radiozamaaneh.com/cafe/2008/03/post_77.html |title=مصاحبهٔ رادیو زمانه با رعنا فرحان |last1=Naseri |first1=M. |date=2008 |website=Radio Zamaneh.com |publisher= |access-date=7 Mar 2015}}</ref> তেওঁ বিশেষকৈ সেই এলবামটোৰ ''ড্ৰাংক ৱিথ লাভ'' নামৰ গীতটোৰ বাবে সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰিছিল। এই গীতটো বিভিন্ন ঠাইত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে—আমেৰিকান আইডলৰ ইৰানী সংস্কৰণত প্ৰতিযোগীসকলে গোৱাৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বহমন ঘোবাদীৰ ২০০৯ চনৰ বোলছবি ''নো ৱান ন’জ এবাউট পাৰ্চিয়ান কেটচ''-লৈকে ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে। <ref name=curiel /> তেওঁৰ ২০১১ চনৰ এলবাম ''মুন এণ্ড ষ্টোন'' হৈছে চ’ল সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি এক প্ৰকাশভংগীপূৰ্ণ শ্ৰদ্ধাঞ্জলি।<ref>{{Cite news|title = Music: Persian Poetry Gets the Blues|last = Smith|first = Emily Esfahani|date =August 30, 2011 |work =Wall Street Journal |id = {{ProQuest|885688144}}}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনৰ বাণীবদ্ধ কৰা এলবাম ''আত্তাৰ বুলেভাৰ্ড''-ৰ বাবে তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ড্ৰমত এখন ডাঙৰ এলবাম মুক্তিৰ অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dromnyc.com/events/3400/rana-farhan-album-release-concert#.VPuTv8ZwOtd |title=Rana Farhan Album Release Concert |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2008 |website=DROMNYC.com |publisher= |access-date=7 Mar 2015}}</ref> == দৃশ্যকলা == ফাৰহানে গিল্ডিং অৰ্থাৎ সোণালী পাতৰ কাম আৰু মিনিয়েচাৰ পেইণ্টিঙো কৰে। তেওঁ এই দুয়োবিধ কাৰ্যতে অতি পৰম্পৰাগত শৈলী ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাৰ লগতে এই কৌশলসমূহ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি বিমূৰ্ত ৰচনা (এবষ্ট্ৰেক্ট কম্পোজিশ্যন) সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref name=farhan>{{cite web |url=http://www.ranafarhan.com/bio.html |title=Rana Farhan Bio |publisher=Ranafarhan.com |date= |accessdate=2015-07-03 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716051831/http://www.ranafarhan.com/bio.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://zanantv.net/blog/2014/12/12/%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF/ |title=Rana Farhan Frame the colors of wood and stone رعنا فرحان و قاب هایی از رنگ و سنگ |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=Zanantv.net |publisher=Zanan TV |access-date=7 Mar 2015 |archive-date=26 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226192214/https://zanantv.net/blog/2014/12/12/%d8%b1%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%b1%d9%86%da%af-%d9%88-%d8%b3%d9%86%da%af/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == উপস্থিতি == ৰাণাক বিবিচি পাৰ্চিয়ান, মানোটো, ভয়েচ অৱ আমেৰিকা, লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ কিৰ্ণ ৬৭০ এএমত সুজি খাতামীৰ "লাইভ ফ্ৰম হলিউড", শাহৰাম আহাদীৰ সৈতে জাৰ্মান ৰেডিঅ' ডিডব্লিউ-ৱৰ্ল্ড.ডিই, ফৰিদ ৱাহাবীৰ সৈতে আৰএফআই ৰেডিঅ' ফ্ৰান্স ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলৰ "তাৰানেয়েহ নাচোৰুদেহ", ভয়েচ অৱ আমেৰিকা ৰেডিঅ' ফাৰ্দা, লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ ৬৭০এএমত হোমা চাৰ্ছাৰৰ "খানেহ-য়ে দুস্ত", বিবিচি পাৰ্চিয়ানৰ বাবে বেহজাদ বলুৰৰ সৈতে কুক মনোৰঞ্জনমূলক অনুষ্ঠান, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ মেলবৰ্ণৰ পৰা শ্বোলেহ চদৰ এছবিএছ ৰেডিঅ', কানচাচ চিটি ৰেডিঅ'ৰ ৯০.১ এফএম কেকেএফআইত "চাবা: ৱিণ্ড অৱ লাভ", ফেয়াৰফিল্ড চিটিৰ ডব্লিউভিঅ’এফ ৮৮.৫ এফএমত "দ্য আপাৰ ৰুম ৱিথ জো কেলী", ৱাশিংটনৰ স্পোকেনত শাহৰুখ নিকফাৰৰ সৈতে কিআৰএছ ৯২.৩ এফএমত "পাৰ্চিয়ান আৱাৰ", আৰু আৰ্জেণ্টিনাৰ বুয়েনছ আয়াৰছৰ "গুডটাইম ব্লুজ শ্বো"-ত প্ৰদৰ্শিত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/musicians/rana-farhan/| title= Goodtime Blues Show" in Argentina}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ মেলিসা শশাহীৰ সৈতে বেবিন টিভি আৰু ভয়েচ অৱ আমেৰিকা বা পাৰ্চিয়ান টিভিৰ শ্বাবাহাং অনুষ্ঠানতো অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছে। == সংগীতপঞ্জী == * ২০০৭ : ''আই ৰিটাৰ্ন'' * ২০০৯ : ''ইউৰ ৱিশ্ব'' * ২০১১ : ''মুন এণ্ড ষ্টোন'' * २०१৪ : ''আত্তাৰ বুলেভাৰ্ড'' * ২০১৮ : ''টকীন অবাউট লাভ'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ranafarhanmusic.com/home|title=Talking 'bout Love - گفتگوی عشق|website=Ranafarhanmusic.com|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref> * ২০২৫ : ''পাৰ্চিয়ান চ’ল'' ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [https://ranafarhanmusic.com Official website] f2wkxei6pjajgotohyctcmq5zn4z7me 608862 608861 2026-05-26T11:49:54Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 608862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = ৰাণা ফাৰহান |image = Rana Farhan.jpg | caption = পলেটিকত ৰাণা ফাৰহান - আগষ্ট ২০১৪ |image_size = |background = solo_singer |origin = [[ইৰান]] |instrument = |genre = ব্লুজ, জাজ, পৰীক্ষামূলক সংগীত |occupation = গায়িকা |years_active = ২০০base–বৰ্তমান |website = ranafarhanmusic.com }} ৰাণা ফাৰহান হৈছে এগৰাকী ইৰানী সংগীতজ্ঞ তথা জাজ আৰু ব্লুজ সংগীতৰ গায়িকা। তহেৰান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছত তেওঁ ১৯৮৯ চনত ইৰান এৰি থৈ যায় আৰু তেতিয়াৰপৰাই তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্কত বসবাস কৰি আছে।<ref name=curiel>{{Cite news|url = https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2013/09/24/rana_farhan_sings_the_persian_blues/|title = Rana Farhan Sings the 'Persian Blues'|last = Curiel|first = Jonathan|date = September 24, 2013 |work =KQED Arts |access-date =7 March 2015 }}</ref> == এলবাম বাণীবদ্ধকৰণ == ২০০৫ চনত তেওঁ গিটাৰবাদক তথা প্ৰযোজক ষ্টিফেন টাউবৰ সৈতে একেলগে কাম কৰি তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমটো পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ অডিঅ' চিডি ''দ্য ব্লুজ আৰ ব্ৰিউইন'' উলিয়ায়, যিটো আছিল আমেৰিকান জাজ আৰু ব্লুজ সংগীতৰ এক সংগ্ৰহ। ফাৰহানৰ দ্বিতীয়টো এলবাম ''আই ৰিটাৰ্ন''-ত ধ্ৰুপদী ফাৰ্চী কবিতাৰ সৈতে সমসাময়িক ব্লুজ আৰু জাজ সংগীতৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ ঘটোৱা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ জৰিয়তে জাজ ফিউজন প্ৰকল্পৰ এটা আৰ্হি প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়, যাক তেওঁ নিজৰ কামত ধাৰাবাহিকভাৱে অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰি আহিছে। ''ৰুমীজ প্ৰেয়াৰ'' নামৰ এটা স্বতন্ত্ৰভাৱে প্ৰচাৰিত একক গীতৰ ইতিবাচক সঁহাৰি পোৱাৰ পিছত, তেওঁ পুনৰ টাউবৰ সৈতে লগ লাগি ৰুমী আৰু হাফেজৰ দৰে প্ৰধান কবিসকলৰ কবিতা সম্বলিত গীতৰ এটা এলবাম তৈয়াৰ কৰে।<ref> {{cite web |url=http://radiozamaaneh.com/cafe/2008/03/post_77.html |title=مصاحبهٔ رادیو زمانه با رعنا فرحان |last1=Naseri |first1=M. |date=2008 |website=Radio Zamaneh.com |publisher= |access-date=7 Mar 2015}}</ref> তেওঁ বিশেষকৈ সেই এলবামটোৰ ''ড্ৰাংক ৱিথ লাভ'' নামৰ গীতটোৰ বাবে সমালোচকৰ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰিছিল। এই গীতটো বিভিন্ন ঠাইত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে—আমেৰিকান আইডলৰ ইৰানী সংস্কৰণত প্ৰতিযোগীসকলে গোৱাৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বহমন ঘোবাদীৰ ২০০৯ চনৰ বোলছবি ''নো ৱান ন’জ এবাউট পাৰ্চিয়ান কেটচ''-লৈকে ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হৈছে। <ref name=curiel /> তেওঁৰ ২০১১ চনৰ এলবাম ''মুন এণ্ড ষ্টোন'' হৈছে চ’ল সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি এক প্ৰকাশভংগীপূৰ্ণ শ্ৰদ্ধাঞ্জলি।<ref>{{Cite news|title = Music: Persian Poetry Gets the Blues|last = Smith|first = Emily Esfahani|date =August 30, 2011 |work =Wall Street Journal |id = {{ProQuest|885688144}}}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনৰ বাণীবদ্ধ কৰা এলবাম ''আত্তাৰ বুলেভাৰ্ড''-ৰ বাবে তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ড্ৰমত এখন ডাঙৰ এলবাম মুক্তিৰ অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dromnyc.com/events/3400/rana-farhan-album-release-concert#.VPuTv8ZwOtd |title=Rana Farhan Album Release Concert |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=2008 |website=DROMNYC.com |publisher= |access-date=7 Mar 2015}}</ref> == দৃশ্যকলা == ফাৰহানে গিল্ডিং অৰ্থাৎ সোণালী পাতৰ কাম আৰু মিনিয়েচাৰ পেইণ্টিঙো কৰে। তেওঁ এই দুয়োবিধ কাৰ্যতে অতি পৰম্পৰাগত শৈলী ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাৰ লগতে এই কৌশলসমূহ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি বিমূৰ্ত ৰচনা (এবষ্ট্ৰেক্ট কম্পোজিশ্যন) সৃষ্টি কৰে।<ref name=farhan>{{cite web |url=http://www.ranafarhan.com/bio.html |title=Rana Farhan Bio |publisher=Ranafarhan.com |date= |accessdate=2015-07-03 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716051831/http://www.ranafarhan.com/bio.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=https://zanantv.net/blog/2014/12/12/%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%86%DA%AF/ |title=Rana Farhan Frame the colors of wood and stone رعنا فرحان و قاب هایی از رنگ و سنگ |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website=Zanantv.net |publisher=Zanan TV |access-date=7 Mar 2015 |archive-date=26 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226192214/https://zanantv.net/blog/2014/12/12/%d8%b1%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88-%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%b1%d9%86%da%af-%d9%88-%d8%b3%d9%86%da%af/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == উপস্থিতি == ৰাণাক বিবিচি পাৰ্চিয়ান, মানোটো, ভয়েচ অৱ আমেৰিকা, লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ কিৰ্ণ ৬৭০ এএমত সুজি খাতামীৰ "লাইভ ফ্ৰম হলিউড", শাহৰাম আহাদীৰ সৈতে জাৰ্মান ৰেডিঅ' ডিডব্লিউ-ৱৰ্ল্ড°ডিই, ফৰিদ ৱাহাবীৰ সৈতে আৰএফআই ৰেডিঅ' ফ্ৰান্স ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেলৰ "তাৰানেয়েহ নাচোৰুদেহ", ভয়েচ অৱ আমেৰিকা ৰেডিঅ' ফাৰ্দা, লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ ৬৭০এএমত হোমা চাৰ্ছাৰৰ "খানেহ-য়ে দুস্ত", বিবিচি পাৰ্চিয়ানৰ বাবে বেহজাদ বলুৰৰ সৈতে কুক মনোৰঞ্জনমূলক অনুষ্ঠান, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ মেলবৰ্ণৰপৰা শ্বোলেহ চদৰ এছবিএছ ৰেডিঅ', কানচাচ চিটি ৰেডিঅ'ৰ ৯০.১ এফএম কেকেএফআইত "চাবা: ৱিণ্ড অৱ লাভ", ফেয়াৰফিল্ড চিটিৰ ডব্লিউভিঅ’এফ ৮৮.৫ এফএমত "দ্য আপাৰ ৰুম ৱিথ জো কেলী", ৱাশিংটনৰ স্পোকেনত শাহৰুখ নিকফাৰৰ সৈতে কিআৰএছ ৯২.৩ এফএমত "পাৰ্চিয়ান আৱাৰ", আৰু আৰ্জেণ্টিনাৰ বুয়েনছ আয়াৰছৰ "গুডটাইম ব্লুজ শ্বো"-ত প্ৰদৰ্শিত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/musicians/rana-farhan/| title= Goodtime Blues Show" in Argentina}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ মেলিসা শশাহীৰ সৈতে বেবিন টিভি আৰু ভয়েচ অৱ আমেৰিকা বা পাৰ্চিয়ান টিভিৰ শ্বাবাহাং অনুষ্ঠানতো অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছে। == সংগীতপঞ্জী == * ২০০৭ : ''আই ৰিটাৰ্ন'' * ২০০৯ : ''ইউৰ ৱিশ্ব'' * ২০১১ : ''মুন এণ্ড ষ্টোন'' * २०१৪ : ''আত্তাৰ বুলেভাৰ্ড'' * ২০১৮ : ''টকীন অবাউট লাভ'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ranafarhanmusic.com/home|title=Talking 'bout Love - گفتگوی عشق|website=Ranafarhanmusic.com|accessdate=5 November 2020}}</ref> * ২০২৫ : ''পাৰ্চিয়ান চ’ল'' ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [https://ranafarhanmusic.com Official website] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইৰাণৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গায়িকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সংগীতজ্ঞ]] ocyz0vaxdxehsvhk7kedmtenf6ytuc7 0 137068 608864 2026-05-26T11:56:57Z Duhita Ragini Kalita 46712 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = জাচমিন তাবাতাবাই | honorific_suffix = | image = Jasmin Tabatabai at the 2025 Berlin International Film Festival-1233.jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | caption = ২০২৬ চনত জাচমিন তাবাতাবাই | native_name = یاسمین طباطبائی | alt = | birth_name... 608864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = | name = জাচমিন তাবাতাবাই | honorific_suffix = | image = Jasmin Tabatabai at the 2025 Berlin International Film Festival-1233.jpg | image_size = | image_upright = | caption = ২০২৬ চনত জাচমিন তাবাতাবাই | native_name = یاسمین طباطبائی | alt = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1967|06|08}} | birth_place = [[তেহৰান]], [[ইৰান]] | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | native_name_lang = Fa | other_names = | height = | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | years_active = ১৯৯২–বৰ্তমান | party = | otherparty = | spouse = টিকো জামোৰা (বিবাহ ২০০৩; বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ ২০০৮) | partner = আন্দ্ৰিয়াছ পিটচমেন (২০০৭–বৰ্তমান) | children = ৩ | parents = | relatives = | website = | awards = | signature = }} জাচমিন তাবাতাবাই হৈছে এগৰাকী জাৰ্মান অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু গায়িকা। == জীৱনী == জাচমিন তাবাতাবাইৰ মাতৃ এগৰাকী জাৰ্মান আৰু পিতৃ ইৰানী নাগৰিক আছিল। ১৯৭৯ চনৰ ইৰানৰ ইছলামিক বিপ্লৱৰ সময়লৈকে তেওঁ তহেৰানতে জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰি ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ পিছতে তেওঁ মাকৰ সৈতে জাৰ্মানীলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে। স্কুলীয়া শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ষ্টাটগাৰ্টৰ কলা মহাবিদ্যালয়ত অভিনয় শিল্প অধ্যয়ন কৰে। == কৰ্মজীৱন == ১৯৯২ চনত ছুইজাৰলেণ্ডৰ পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''চিলড্ৰেন অৱ দ্য অপেন ৰোড''-ত মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰি তেওঁ প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে পৰ্দাত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে। এই অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ ফ্ৰান্সৰ অমিয়েন চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। বাৰ্লিনত অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কাম কৰাৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক সময়ছোৱাত তেওঁ গায়িকা আৰু সুৰকাৰ হিচাপে ''ইভেন কাউগাৰ্লছ গেট দ্য ব্লুজ'' নামৰ এটা বেণ্ড সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|url= http://www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de/inhalt.juedische-kulturtage-eroeffnet-jasmin-tabatabai-musik-ist-meine-religion.2128e54e-151b-41f1-b750-a00fc427b2d6.html|title= Jasmin Tabatabai: "Musik ist meine Religion"|date= November 19, 2017}}</ref> ১৯৯৭ চনৰ জাৰ্মান চলচ্চিত্ৰ ''বেণ্ডিটচ''-এ তাবাতাবাইক এক বিশাল দৰ্শকৰ মাজলৈ লৈ যায়। এই ছবিত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ ছবিখনৰ চাউণ্ডট্ৰেকৰ বাবে বহুতো গীত লিখিছিল আৰু পৰিৱেশনো কৰিছিল। এই ছবিখনৰ বাণীবদ্ধ কৰা সংগীতৰ সাত লাখতকৈও অধিক কপি বিক্ৰী হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ ''হাৰকিউলিচ'' ছবিখনৰ জাৰ্মান সংস্কৰণত মেগাৰা চৰিত্ৰৰ বাবে কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। এগৰাকী একক শিল্পী হিচাপে তাবাতাবাইৰ প্ৰথমটো এলবাম ''অন্‌লী লাভ'' ২০০২ চনত ''আফটাৰ ইউ কিল্ড মি'' নামৰ একক গীতটোৰ সৈতে মুক্তি লাভ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ অলপ পিছতে তেওঁ ''পলিট্ৰেচ'' নামৰ নিজা ৰেকৰ্ড লেবেল প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। ২০০৪ চনৰ ''আইৰন জড এঞ্জেলচ'' বোলছবিখনৰ চাউণ্ডট্ৰেকৰ বাবে তেওঁ তেতিয়াৰ স্বামী টিকো জামোৰাৰ সৈতে মিলি গীত ৰচনা কৰিছিল। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == [[File:MJK30681 Jasmin Tabatabai and Andreas Pietschmann (Berlinale 2017).jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|''বাৰ্লিনেল ২০১৭''-ত সংগী আন্দ্ৰিয়াছ পিটচমেনৰ সৈতে জাচমিন তাবাতাবাই]] ২০০১ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত তাবাতাবাইয়ে আমেৰিকান সংগীতজ্ঞ টিকো জামোৰাক লগ পায়।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jasmin-tabatabai.com/english/newsarchiv_2007_12.htm#2212|title=Jasmin Tabatabai - News archive, December 2007|website=jasmin-tabatabai.com|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref> ২০০২ চনৰ ৩ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰথম আৰু একমাত্ৰ সন্তান এনজেলিনা শ্বেৰী ৰোজ নামৰ এগৰাকী কন্যা সন্তানৰ জন্ম হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jasmin-tabatabai.com/english/newsarchiv_2003_01.htm#0201|title=Jasmin Tabatabai - News archive, January 2003|website=jasmin-tabatabai.com|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jasmin-tabatabai.com/english/newsarchiv_2002_12.htm#0312|title=Jasmin Tabatabai - News archive, December 2002|website=jasmin-tabatabai.com|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref> তেওঁ আৰু জামোৰাই ২০০৩ চনৰ ১ জুনত বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয় আৰু ২০০৬ চনৰ গ্ৰীষ্মকালৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁলোক পৃথক হয়। ২০০৮ চনত তেওঁলোকৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ চূড়ান্ত হয়। ২০০৭ চনৰ গ্ৰীষ্মকালৰ পৰা তেওঁ অভিনেতা আন্দ্ৰিয়াছ পিটচমেনৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কত আছে। তেওঁলোকৰ দুটা সন্তান আছে: এগৰাকী কন্যা হেলেনা লেইলা (জন্ম ৫ জুলাই ২০০৯)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jasmin-tabatabai.com/english/newsarchiv_2009_07.htm#0707|title=Jasmin Tabatabai - News archive, July 2009|website=jasmin-tabatabai.com|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref> আৰু এজন পুত্ৰ জোহান এণ্টন (জন্ম ১৩ আগষ্ট ২০১৩)। তাবাতাবাই আৰু পিটচমেন বৰ্তমান বাৰ্লিনত বসবাস কৰে।<ref>[http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/leute/:Leute-Oliver-Pocher/603334.html?cp=10 dpa bzw. Online-Magazin Stern]</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== p2eukx7fhx21z7mvk1eok0n8kl8uisf