অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া aswiki https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter মাধ্যম বিশেষ বাৰ্তা সদস্য সদস্য বাৰ্তা ৱিকিপিডিয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া বাৰ্তা চিত্ৰ চিত্ৰ বাৰ্তা মিডিয়াৱিকি মিডিয়াৱিকি আলোচনা সাঁচ সাঁচ বাৰ্তা সহায় সহায় বাৰ্তা শ্ৰেণী শ্ৰেণী বাৰ্তা ৱিকিচ'ৰা ৱিকিচ'ৰা আলোচনা MOS MOS talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2970 646178 634552 2026-10-20T03:01:03Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox |name = চৰাই |fossil_range = [[Late Jurassic]]&ndash;Recent, {{Fossil range|150|0}} |image = Bird Diversity 2011.png |image_caption = The diversity of modern birds. |image_alt = |taxon = Aves |authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758<ref>{{Cite web| url= http://taxonomicon.taxonomy.nl/TaxonTree.aspx?id=80129&tree=0.1| title=Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Class Aves | accessdate=11 June 2012 | last=Brands | first=Sheila | authorlink= | date=14 August 2008 | work=Project: The Taxonomicon }}</ref> |subdivision_ranks = [[Class (biology)|Subclasses]] |subdivision = *{{extinct}}[[Archaeornithes]] [[Paraphyly|*]] *{{extinct}}[[Enantiornithes]] *{{extinct}}[[Hesperornithes]] *{{extinct}}[[Ichthyornithes]] *[[Neornithes]] And see text }} '''চৰাই'''ৰ ({{lang-en|Bird}}) বৈজ্ঞানিক সংজ্ঞা হ’ল “কণী পৰা, ডেউকা থকা, উষ্ণৰক্তী, এবিধ দুঠেঙীয়া মেৰুদণ্ডী [[প্ৰাণী]]”। সকলো মিলাই বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ১০,০০০টা প্ৰজাতি, [[পৃথিৱী]]ৰ সকলো জলবায়ুতে, মেৰু অঞ্চলৰ পৰা [[এণ্টাৰ্কটিকা]]লৈক, বসবাস কৰা দেখা যায়। চৰাই জাতিৰ আকাৰ ২ ইঞ্চিৰ “[[হামিং বাৰ্ড]]” ৰ পৰা প্ৰায় ৯ ফুটৰ [[ঊট পক্ষী]]লৈকে হ'ব পাৰে। আধুনিক চৰাই সমূহৰ প্ৰধান বৈশিষ্ট্য হ’ল, ডেউকা, ঠোঁট, টান-খোলাৰ কণী পৰা, চাৰি-কোঠালিৰ হৃদযন্ত্ৰ তথা উচ্চ পাচন-হাৰ (metabolic rate)। চৰাইৰ সকলো প্ৰজাতিৰে ডেউকা আছে। চৰাইৰ ডেউকা প্ৰকৃততে ইয়াৰ আগঠেঙৰ ৰূপান্তৰিত ৰূপ। উৰিব নোৱাৰা চৰাইৰ উদাহৰণ হ’ল, ৰেটিটছ ([[:en:Ratites|ratites]]), পেংগুইন ([[:en: Penguine |penguins]]) আৰু নানা দ্বীপবাসী চৰাই সমূহ। চৰাইৰ পাচন-যন্ত্ৰ তথা শ্বাসযন্ত্ৰও উৰিবৰ বাবে বিশষভাৱে ৰূপান্তৰিত হৈছে। চৰাইৰ বহুতো প্ৰাজাতিয়ে বহু দীঘলীয়া দুৰত্ব অতিক্ৰম কৰি পৰিভ্ৰমণ কৰে। চৰাই সামাজিক জীৱ। নানা ধৰণৰ সংকেত তথা মাতেৰে পৰস্পৰে পৰস্পৰৰ লগত যোগাযোগ স্থাপন কৰিব পাৰে। == ক্ৰমবিৱৰ্তন == জীৱাশ্ম আৰু জৈৱ প্ৰমাণ সমূহৰ আধাৰত বিজ্ঞানীসকলে প্ৰাচীন [[জুৰাচিক যুগ]]ৰ থেৰ’পড ([[:en: Theropod| Theropod]]) ডাইন’ছৰৰ পৰাই ক্ৰমান্বয়ে ৱিৱৰ্তন ঘটি চৰাইৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছে বুলি গণ্য কৰে। চৰাইৰ উৎপত্তি আজিৰ পৰা ১৫০-২০০ মিলিয়ন বছৰ আগতে হৈছে বুলি ঠাৱৰ কৰা হৈছে। ফ্ৰান্সিছ উইলোগবী ([[:en:Francis Willughby| Francis Willughby]]) আৰু জন ৰে ([[:en:John Ray| John Ray]]) নামৰ বিজ্ঞানী দুগৰাকীয়ে পোনপ্ৰথমে ১৬৭৬ চনত “অৰ্নিথ’লজী’’(Ornithologiae) ত চৰাইৰ বৈজ্ঞানিক শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন আগবঢ়াইছিল<ref>{{Cite book|last=del Hoyo |first=Josep |coauthors=Andy Elliott and Jordi Sargatal |title=[[Handbook of Birds of the World]], Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks |year=1992 |publisher=[[Lynx Edicions]] |location=Barcelona |isbn=84-87334-10-5}}</ref> কেৰ’লাছ লিনিয়াছ ([[:en:Carolus Linnaeus| Carolus Linnaeus]]) এ ১৭৫৮ চনত এই শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন সংশোধিত ৰূপত প্ৰকাশ কৰে। আধনিক চৰাইসমূহ মূলত নিঅৰনিথিছ ([[:en:Neornithes| Neornithes]]) বিভাগটোৰ আন্তৰ্ভুক্ত, ইয়াৰে দুটা বিভাজন আছে। পেলিঅগনেথি ([[:en:Palaeognathae| Palaeognathae]]), য’ত উৰিব নোৱাৰা চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি সমূহ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে , যেনে- ৰেটিটছ আৰু নিঅ'গনেথি ([[:en:Neognathae| Neognathae]]), য’ত অন্য সকলো চৰাইক সামৰা হৈছে। == শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন == পৃথিৱীৰ সকলো ঠাইতে পক্ষী বা চৰাই দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। প্ৰাচীন যুগৰ প্ৰাণীবোৰৰ তুলনাত্মক শাৰীৰবিজ্ঞান আৰু জীৱাশ্মবোৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰি প্ৰাণীবিদসকলে পক্ষীবোৰ সৰীসৃপৰ পৰা উৎপত্তি হৈছে বুলি একমত হৈছে। চৰাই আৰু সৰীসৃপবোৰে বহুক্ষেত্ৰতে সাদৃশ্য দেখুৱাই বাবে হাক্স্‌লেই ইহঁতক কশেৰুকী প্ৰাণীৰ অন্তৰ্গত চৌৰ’পছিডা (sauropsida) নামৰ অতিগোত্ৰত (Superclass) অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰিছিল। তদুপৰি হাক্সলেই পক্ষীবোৰক মহামান্বিত সৰীসৃপ বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছিল। চৰাইবোৰ হ’ল দ্বিপদী তথা পাখিযুক্ত প্ৰাণী। ইহঁতবোৰ মেছ’য’ইক যুগৰ অৰনিথিছিয়া বৰ্গৰ সৰীসৃপৰ পৰা উৎপত্তি হৈ বৰ্তমান যুগৰ পক্ষীবোৰলৈ ক্ৰ’ম’বিকশিত হৈছে। ক্ৰম’বিকাশৰ ধাৰাত চৰাইবোৰ সৰীসৃপতকৈ উচ্চখাপৰ আৰু স্তন্যপায়ী প্ৰাণীতকৈ নিম্নখাপৰ। দেখা গৈছে যে আধুনিক যুগৰ চৰাইবোৰ প্ৰকৃততে ক্ৰিটেছিয়াছ যুগৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক সময়তহে আৱিৰ্ভাব হৈছিল। সৰীসৃপৰ ক্ৰ’মবিকাশ হওঁতে বহু সময়ৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল; যিহেতু এই পৰিৱৰ্তনে দেহৰ আৰু দেহক্ৰিয়াৰ প্ৰায় সকলোখিনি স্পৰ্শ কৰিছে। এই ক্ৰম’বিকাশৰ ধাৰাত শীতলৰক্তী সৰীসৃপৰ উষ্ণৰক্তী চৰাইলৈ পৰিৱৰ্তন, লাওঁখোলাৰ হাড়সমূহৰ সংযোজন, পুচ্ছাংশৰ দেহাংশলৈ পৰিৱৰ্তন, বাতিল হাড়ৰ (Pneumatic bone) উৎপত্তি, কশেৰুকাৰ সংযোজনৰ ফলত ছিনছেক্ৰাম নামৰ হাড়ৰ সৃষ্টি আদিয়েই প্ৰধান পৰিৱৰ্তন। উষ্ণৰক্তী, দ্বিপদী, অগ্ৰপদখন উৰণ কাৰ্যত সহায় কৰিবলৈ ডেউকালৈ ৰূপান্তৰণ, গ্ৰন্থিবিহীন ছাল আৰু পাখিৰে আবৃত শৰীৰযুক্ত প্ৰাণীবোৰকে চৰাই বোলা হয়। IUCN ৰ তথ্য মতে বৰ্তমান পৃথিৱীত 10,400 তকৈও অধিক প্ৰজাতিৰ চৰাই আছে। উপশ্ৰেণী (Subclass) নিঅৰনিথিছৰ বিভিন্ন ভাগ সমূহ তলত দিয়াৰ দৰে--. উপশ্ৰেণী নিঅৰনিথিৰ দুটা মূল উচ্চবৰ্গ (Superorder)– উচ্চবৰ্গ পেলিঅগনেথি : এই উচ্চবৰ্গৰ অধীনত দুটা বৰ্গ আছে য’ত মুঠতে ৪৯ বিধ প্ৰজাতি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। বৰ্গ দুটা হ'ল - *ষ্ট্ৰুথিফৰমিছ (Struthioniformes)—উদাহৰণ, [[অষ্ট্ৰিছ]] , [[ইমু]] , [[কিৱি]] *টিনামিফৰমিছ (Tinamiformes)—টিনামাছ উচ্চবৰ্গ নিঅগনেথি: এই উচ্চবৰ্গত ২৭টা বৰ্গ আৰু সৰ্বমুঠ দহহাজাৰ প্ৰজাতি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। এই বৰ্গসমূহ হ’ল- * এনছেৰিফৰমিছ (Anseriformes)—waterfowl * গেলিফৰমিছ (Galliformes)—fowl * কেৰেদ্ৰিফৰমিছ (Charadriiformes)—gulls, button-quails, plover * গেভিফৰমিছ (Gaviiformes)—loons * প'ডিচিপেডিফৰমিছ (Podicipediformes)—grebes * প্ৰচেলেৰিফৰমিছ (Procellariiformes)—albatross,petrels * স্ফেনিশ্চিফৰমিছ (Sphenisciformes)—পেংগুইন * পেলিকানিফৰমিছ (Pelecaniformes)—পেলিকান * ফেইটন্তিফৰমিছ (Phaethontiformes)—tropicbirds * চিক'নিফৰমিছ (Ciconiiformes)—stork * কেথেৰ্টিফৰমিছ (Cathartiformes)—নতুন বিশ্বৰ শগুণ * ফণিক'প্টেৰিফৰমিছ(Phoenicopteriformes)—ফ্লেমিংগ' * ফেলকনিফৰমিছ (Falconiformes)—ঈগল, ফেলকন * গ্ৰুচিফৰমিছ (Gruiformes)—Crane * টেৰ'ক্লিদিফৰমিছ (Pteroclidiformes)—sandgrouse * কলোম্বিফৰমিছ (Columbiformes)—কপৌ, পাৰ * শ্চিটাচিফৰমিছ (Psittaciformes)—ভাটৌ * কুকুলিফৰমিছ (Cuculiformes)—কুলি চৰাই * অপিস্থকমিফৰমিছ (Opisthocomiformes)—হোৱাটজিন (hoatzin) * স্ত্ৰিগিফৰমিছ (Strigiformes)—ফেঁচা * কেপ্ৰিমুলগিফৰমিছ (Caprimulgiformes)—nightjar * এপ'ডিফৰমিছ (Apodiformes)—ছুইফ্ট আৰু হামিংবাৰ্ড * ক"ৰাচিফৰমিছ (Coraciiformes)—মাছোৰোকা * পিচিফৰমিছ (Piciformes)-কাঠোৰোকা * ত্ৰগ'নিফৰমিছ (Trogoniformes)—trogons * ক'লিফৰমিছ (Coliiformes)—mousebirds * পেচ্চেৰিফৰমিছ (Passeriformes)—passerines == বিতৰণ == চৰাই বিশ্বৰ আটাইকেইখন মহাদেশতে পোৱা যায় যদিও আটাইতকৈ বেছি বৈচিত্ৰতা দেখা যায় বিষুৱীয় (tropical ) অঞ্চল সমূহত।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brooke |first=Michael |year=2004 |title=Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-850125-0|pages=}}</ref> [[চিত্ৰ:House sparrow04.jpg|thumb|left|মানুহৰ কাৰ্য-কলাপৰ ফলস্বৰূপে ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ বিতৰণ শেহতীয়াকৈ যথেষ্ট বৃদ্ধি পাইছে<ref>{{Cite book|last=Newton |first=Ian|year=2003 |title=The Speciation and Biogeography of Birds |url=https://archive.org/details/speciationbiogeo0000newt |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=0-12-517375-X|page=[https://archive.org/details/speciationbiogeo0000newt/page/463 463]}}</ref>]] পূৰ্বতে ধাৰণা কৰা হৈছিল যে বিষুৱীয় অঞ্চলত এই বৈচিত্ৰতাৰ কাৰণ হ'ল তুলনামূলক ভাৱে বেছি [[:en:Speciation|speciation]] হাৰ: অৱশ্যে শেহতীয়া তথ্যই দেখুৱাইছে যে বিষুৱীয় অঞ্চলৰ উচ্চ অক্ষাংশৰ লগে লগে নতুন প্ৰজাতিৰ সৃষ্টিও বৃদ্ধি পায় আৰু সেয়ে বিলুপ্তিকৰণ ([[:en: Extinction| extinction]]) ৰ হাৰেও বৈচিত্ৰতাৰ ওপৰত ঋণাত্মক প্ৰভাৱ পেলাব নোৱাৰে।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weir |first=Jason T. |month=March |year=2007 |title=The Latitudinal Gradient in Recent Speciation and Extinction Rates of Birds and Mammals |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2007-03-16_315_5818/page/1574 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=315 |issue=5818 |pages=1574–76 |doi=10.1126/science.1135590 |pmid=17363673 |issn=0036-8075 |last2=Schluter |first2=D}}</ref> এক বুজনসংখ্যক চৰায়ে সাগৰতো বসবাসৰ বাবে নিজকে অভিযোজিত কৰি ল'ব পাৰিছে। আনকি কিছুমান সাগৰীয় চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি কেৱল প্ৰজননৰ বাবেহে পাৰলৈ আহে বুলি জনা যায়।<ref name = "Burger">{{Cite book|last=Schreiber |first=Elizabeth Anne |coauthors=Joanna Burger |year=2001 |title=Biology of Marine Birds |url=https://archive.org/details/biologyofmarineb0000unse |location=Boca Raton |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=0-8493-9882-7|pages=}}</ref> মানুহে সংস্থাপন (introduce) কৰা অনেক ঠাইতো নতুন প্ৰজাতি সমূহে প্ৰজনন কৰি আবাদী গঠন কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছে। ইয়াৰে কিছুমান উদ্দেশ্যপূৰ্ণভাৱে কৰা হৈছে, যেনে - [[:en: Ring-necked Pheasant| Ring-necked Pheasant]]', নামৰ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতিটৌ সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন ঠাইত [[:en:Game Bird| game bird]] হিচাপে সংস্থাপন কৰা হৈছে। .<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hill |first=David |coauthors=Peter Robertson |year=1988 |title=The Pheasant: Ecology, Management, and Conservation |location=Oxford |publisher=BSP Professional |isbn=0-632-02011-3|pages=}}</ref> অন্যান্য কিছুমান সংস্থাপন আকস্মিক ঘটনাক্ৰমেও (accidental)হয়, যেনে গড়ালৰ পৰা মুক্ত হৈ উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ কেইবাখনো চহৰত সংস্থাপিত হোৱা বন্য [[:en: Monk Parakeet|Monk Parakeet]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Spreyer|first=Mark F.|coauthors=Enrique H. Bucher|year=1998|title=Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus)|work=The Birds of North America|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|url=http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/322|doi=10.2173/bna.322|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527144009/https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home|archivedate=2020-05-27|access-date=2013-01-17|deadurl=yes}}</ref>কেইবাখনো ঠাইলৈ বিস্তাৰিত হোৱা [[:en: cattle Egret|Cattle Egret]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Arendt |first=Wayne J. |date=1 January 1988|title=Range Expansion of the Cattle Egret, (''Bubulcus ibis'') in the Greater Caribbean Basin |journal=Colonial Waterbirds |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=252–62 |doi=10.2307/1521007 |issn=07386028 |jstor=1521007}}</ref> [[:en: Yellow-headed Caracara| Yellow-headed Caracara]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bierregaard |first=R.O. |year=1994 |chapter=Yellow-headed Caracara |editor=Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott and Jordi Sargatal (eds.) |title=[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]. Volume 2; New World Vultures to Guineafowl |location=Barcelona |publisher=Lynx Edicions |isbn=84-87334-15-6|pages=}}</ref> আৰু [[Galah]] ইত্যাদি<ref>{{Cite book|last=Juniper |first=Tony |coauthors=Mike Parr |year=1998 |title=Parrots: A Guide to the Parrots of the World |location=London |publisher=[[Helm Identification Guides|Christopher Helm]] |isbn=0-7136-6933-0|pages=}}</ref>চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতিয়ে মূল বিস্তৃতিতকৈ বহু বেছি প্ৰসাৰতা লাভ কৰিছে। ==সাধাৰণ লক্ষণ == #পক্ষীবোৰ দ্বিপদী, ঠোঁটযুক্ত আৰু উষ্ণৰক্তী প্ৰাণী। #ইহঁতৰ শৰীৰটো পাখিৰে আবৃত। #দেহটো মহুৰা আকৃতিৰ আৰু ইয়াক মূৰ, ডিঙি, দেহাংশ আৰু নেজ অংশত ভগাব পাৰি। #অগ্ৰপদ দুখন ডেউকালৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হৈছে। প্ৰত্যেক ডেউকাতে তিনিটাকৈ নখবিহীন আঙুলি থাকে আৰু উৰিবৰ বাবে কিছুমান বিশেষ পাখি থাকে। #পশ্চাৎপদ বা ঠেং দুখন খোজ কাঢ়িবলৈ, গছৰ ডালত খামুচি ধৰিবলৈ আৰু কোনো বস্তু ধৰিবলৈ আৰু সাঁতুৰিবলৈও ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ঠেং দুখনত চাৰিটাকৈ নখযুক্ত আঙুলি থাকে। #ইহঁতৰ ঠোঁট আৰু নখৰ ওপৰত এখন কঠিন আৱৰণ থাকে তথা ঠেঙৰ এটা অংশত বাকলি থাকে। #ইহঁতৰ দাঁত নেথাকে। #পক্ষীৰ ছালত ঘৰ্ম গ্ৰন্থি নেথাকে কিন্তু নেজৰ ওপৰফালে তৈল গ্ৰন্থি বা প্ৰিন গ্ৰন্থি নামৰ এটা বিশেষ ধৰণৰ গ্ৰন্থি থাকে। #চৰাইৰ বহিঃকংকালবোৰ অধিচৰ্মীয়। এইবোৰ হ’ল – পাখি. ঠেঙত থকা বাকলি, আঙুলিত থকা নখ আৰু ঠৌঁটৰ আৱৰণ। #উৰণক্ৰিয়াৰ সহায়ক হ’বলৈ ইহঁতৰ বক্ষপেশীবোৰ শক্তিশালী আৰু পূৰ্ণবিকশিত। #অন্তঃকংকালতন্ত্ৰৰ হাড়বোৰ পাতল আৰু ভিতৰফালে স্পঞ্জৰ নিচিনা যদিও যথেষ্ট দৃঢ় আৰু টান। #ইহঁতৰ ৰাজহাড়ডাল চুটি। কশেৰুকাবোৰ বিষমগৰ্তী (Heterocoelous) আৰু এইবোৰত অধিপ্ৰবৰ্ধ (Epiphysis) নেথাকে। #গ্ৰীৱা কশেৰুকাবোৰত গ্ৰীৱা কামিহাড় থাকে। #কেইডালমান বক্ষ কামিহাড় সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে জোৰা লগা। #পিছৰ ফালৰ কেইডালমান বক্ষ কশেৰুকা, কঁকাল অঞ্চলৰ কশেৰুকা আৰু সম্মুখৰ ফালৰ কেইটামান পুচ্ছ কশেৰুকা লগ লাগি ছিনছেক্ৰাম (Synsacrum) নামৰ হাড় এটুকুৰাৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে। #নেজৰ শেষৰ পিনৰ তিনি চাৰিটা কশেৰুকা লগ লাগি নাঙলৰ ফালৰ (Plough share) নিচিনা পাইগ’ষ্টাইল (Pygostyle) নামৰ হাড় এটুকুৰাৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে। #কামিহাড়বোৰৰ ৰাজহাড়ৰ লগত লগ লাগিবলৈ দুটাকৈ সন্ধিমুখিকা মূৰ থাকে আৰু এছটাকৈ অংকুশী প্ৰৱৰ্ধ (Uncinate process) থাকে। #ইহঁতৰ উৰোস্থিডাল (Sternum) যথেষ্ট বহল। উৰোস্থিৰ অংকীয় প্ৰদেশত থকা দীঘল তৰীদলত (Keel) উৰণ পেশী সংযুক্ত হৈ থাকে। #ইহঁতৰ বক্ষ চক্ৰ (Pectoral girdle) শক্তিশালী আৰু ইয়াৰ কোৰাকইড (Coracoid) হাড়ডাল তৰোৱাল সদৃশ। বক্ষ চক্ৰৰ দুয়োফালৰ অংশ দৃঢ় ভাৱে লগ লাগি থাকে আৰু উৰণৰ সময়ত ই ডেউকাদুখনৰ ধৰণী (Fulcrum) হিচাপে কাম কৰে। #ইহঁতৰ জক্ৰক বা ক্লেভিকল্‌ (Clavicle) আৰু আন্তঃজক্ৰক বা ইণ্টাৰ ক্লেভিকল (Interclavicle) নামৰ হাড় দুডাল সংযুক্ত হৈ V আকৃতিৰ ফাৰকুলা (Fercula) নামৰ হাড়ডাল সৃষ্টি কৰিছে। #ইহঁতৰ দূৰৱৰ্তী মনিবন্ধিকা বা কাৰ্পেল (Carpal) আৰু কৰভাস্থি বা মেটাকাৰ্পেল (Metacarpal) লগ লগ লাগি কাৰ্পোমেটাকাৰ্পেল (Carpometacarpal) নামৰ বিশেষ ধৰণৰ হাড়ৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছে। #নিকটৱৰ্তী টাৰ্ছেল (Tarsels) হাড়বোৰ টিবিয়াৰ (Tibia) লগত সংযুক্ত হৈ টিবিঅ’টাৰ্ছাছ (Tbio tarsus) হাড়ৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে। #দূৰৱৰ্তী টাৰ্ছেলে দ্বিতীয়, তৃতীয় আৰু চতুৰ্থ মেটাটাৰ্ছেলৰ (Metatarsals) লগত লগ লাগি টাৰ্ছো মেটা টাৰ্ছেছ (Tarso metatarses) হাড়ৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছে। #এটা অক্সিপিটেল কণ্ডাইলেৰে সৈতে পক্ষীৰ লাওঁখোলাটো এককণ্ডী (Monocodylic)। লাওঁখোলাৰ লগত সংযুক্ত হাড়বোৰৰ অকল অধোহনু (Mandible), কোৱাৰ্ডেট (Quadrate), কলুমেলা (Columella) আৰু হায়ইড অস্থিহে লৰা চৰা কৰিব পাৰে। #হাওঁফাওঁৰ দ্বাৰা শ্বসন কাৰ্য সম্পাদন কৰে। চৰাইৰ হাওঁফাওঁটো সোপোকা (Spongy) আৰু প্ৰসাৰণ – ক্ষমতাহীন। হাওফাওঁটো কামিহাড়বোৰৰ ফাকে ফাকে সোমাই থাকে। হাওঁফাওৰ পৰা কিছুমান বায়ুথলী Air sacs) ওলাই বায়ুগুহিকাৰ মাজত সোমাই থাকে। #শ্বাসনলী (Trachea) আৰু শ্বসনী (Brochus) দুটাৰ সংগম স্থলিত থকা ছাইৰিন্সৰ (Syrinx) পৰা চৰাইৰ মাত সৃষ্টি হয়। চৰাইৰ স্বৰযন্ত্ৰ (Larynx) বা স্বৰতন্তু (Vocal cord) নেথাকে। #পক্ষীৰ পাচন তন্ত্ৰৰ গ্ৰাসনলীৰ কিছু অংশ ডাঙৰ হৈ টোটোলা বা ক্ৰপৰ (Crop) সৃষ্টি হৈছে। পাকস্থলীটো এটা গ্ৰন্থিময় প্ৰভেনট্ৰিকুলাছ (Proventriculus) আৰু শক্তিশালী পেষণীত বিভবিভক্ত। #ক্ল’আকা বা অৱস্কৰ গুহা আছে আৰু ই তিনিটা কোঠাত বিভক্ত। #হৃদযন্ত্ৰটো চাৰিটা কোঠাত বিভক্ত। ইহঁতৰ অকল সোঁ ধমনীয় ধনুহে (Aortic arch) থাকে। বাওঁ ধমনীয় ধনু নেথাকে। #ইহঁতৰ লোহিত ৰক্তকণিকাবোৰ ডিম্বাকৃতিৰ, উভয়োত্তল আৰু কোষকেন্দ্ৰযুক্ত। #ইহঁতৰ বৃক্ক নিৰ্বাহিকা তন্ত্ৰ অৱশেষী। বৃক্কটো তিনিটা অংশত বিভক্ত আৰু মেটানেফ্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ। #চৰাইৰ প্ৰমস্তিষ্ক গোলাৰ্ধ আৰু অনুমস্তিষ্ক যথেষ্ট ডাঙৰ। নেত্ৰপালি (Optic lobe) দুটা মস্তিষ্ক উভয় পাৰ্শ্বীয় দিশত অৱস্থিত। #ইহঁতৰ 12যোৰ কপালীয় স্নায়ু থাকে। #চৰায়ে ৰেচন কাৰ্যৰ দ্বাৰা ইউৰিক এচিড বৰ্জন কৰে আৰু সেয়েহে ইহঁতক ইউৰিক’টেলিক প্ৰাণী বুলি কোৱা হয়। #কৰ্ণত অকল কলুমেলা অৰিছ (Columella auris) নামৰ এটুকুৰা হাড় থাকে। #চৰাইবিলাকৰ মাত্ৰ বাওঁ ডিম্বাশয় আৰু ডিম্বনলী থাকে। #ইহঁতৰ নিষেচন অভ্যন্তৰীণ। নিষেচিত কণীবোৰক উমনি দিলেহে পোৱালি জগে। #বিদলন (Cleavage) অংশভাজী বা মেৰ’ব্লাষ্টিক (Meroblastic)। #জনকীয় যতন (Parental care) দেখুৱায়। ইহঁতে কণি আৰু পোৱালিক সুৰক্ষা দিয়ে। #পক্ষীবিলাক দ্বিলিংগী আৰু বেছি ভাগৰে লৈংগিক দ্বিৰূপতা (Sexual dimorphism) সুস্পষ্ট। ===ক্ৰম'জ'ম=== চৰাই দুই লিংগৰ হয়ঃ পুৰুষ আৰু স্ত্ৰী। চৰাইৰ লিংগ নিৰ্ধাৰণ হয় [[ZW লিংগ নিৰ্ধাৰণ পদ্ধতি|Z আৰু W ক্ৰম'জম]]ৰ আধাৰত, আনহাতে স্তন্যপায়ী প্ৰাণীৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত লিংগ নিৰ্ধাৰণ হয় [[XY লিংগ নিৰ্ধাৰণ|XY ক্ৰম'জ'ম]]ৰ দ্বাৰা। পুৰুষ চৰাইৰ দুডালকৈ Z [[ক্ৰম'জ'ম]] থাকে (ZZ), আনহাতে স্ত্ৰী চৰাইৰ এডাল W ক্ৰম'জ'ম আৰু এডাল Z ক্ৰম'জ'ম থাকে (WZ)।<ref name = "Gill"/> প্ৰায় সকলো চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতে, চৰাইটোৰ লিংগ নিৰ্ধাৰণ হয় নিষেচনৰ (ferilization) সময়ত। শেহতীয়াকৈ প্ৰকাশিত এক গৱেষণাৰ মতে [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ ব্ৰাছ টাৰ্কী]] (Australian Brush Turkey) চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত লিংগ নিৰ্ধাৰণ উমনি দিয়া সময়ৰ তাপমাত্ৰাৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰে। এইবিধ চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত অধিক উষ্ণতাত স্ত্ৰী-পুৰুষ লিংগীয় অনুপাত বাঢ়ি যোৱা পৰিলক্ষিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Göth|first=Anne|title=Incubation temperatures and sex ratios in Australian brush-turkey (''Alectura lathami'') mounds|journal=Austral Ecology|year=2007|volume=32|issue=4|pages=278–85|doi=10.1111/j.1442-9993.2007.01709.x | issn=1442-9985}}</ref> ===ডেউকা=== ডেউকা চৰাইৰ এটা প্ৰধান বৈশিষ্ট্য। ই চৰাইক উৰাত সহায় কৰে। তদুপৰি ডেউকাই চৰাইক প্ৰজনন কালত প্ৰদৰ্শন (display),পৰিৱেশত মিলি পৰাত (camouflage) আৰু যোগাযোগ (signaling) ত সহায় কৰে। <ref name="Gill"/> বেলেগ বেলেগ কাৰ্য্ডেয সমাধা কৰাৰ উদেশ্যে ডেউকাও ভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰৰ হোৱা দেখা যায়। ডেউকা প্ৰকৃততে ছালৰে এটা বৃদ্ধি (epidermal growth) আৰু সেয়ে ই ছালৰ লগত লাগি থাকে। পাখিসমূহৰ বাহ্যিক গঠন আৰু বিন্যাস (arrangement) ক [[plumage]] বুলি কোৱা হয়। ই প্ৰজাতি আৰু লিংগ ভেদে বেলেগ বেলেগ হয়। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belthoff |first=James R. |date=1 August 1994|title=Plumage Variation, Plasma Steroids and Social Dominance in Male House Finches |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_condor_1994-08_96_3/page/614 |journal=The Condor |volume=96 |issue=3 |pages=614–25 |doi=10.2307/1369464 |issn=00105422 |author2=Dufty, |author3=Gauthreaux,}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Guthrie |first=R. Dale |title=How We Use and Show Our Social Organs |work=Body Hot Spots: The Anatomy of Human Social Organs and Behavior |url=http://employees.csbsju.edu/lmealey/hotspots/chapter03.htm |accessdate=19 October 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621225459/http://employees.csbsju.edu/lmealey/hotspots/chapter03.htm |archivedate=21 June 2007 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==প্লুমেজ (Plumage)== চৰাইৰ প্লুমেজ অৰ্থাৎ পাখিৰ ৰং, বিন্যাস (arrangement) আৰু সজ্জা (pattern) নিয়মীয়াকৈ সলনি (moult) কৰে। প্ৰজননৰ পিছত চৰাইৰ প্লুমেজ সলনি হ'লে ইয়াক 'non-breeding" plumage বুলি কোৱা হয়।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Humphrey |first=Philip S. |date=1 June 1959 |title=An approach to the study of molts and plumages |journal=The Auk |volume=76 |pages=1–31 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v076n01/p0001-p0031.pdf |format=PDF |issue=1 |jstor=4081839 |last2=Parkes |first2=K. C. |access-date=17 January 2013 |archivedate=25 March 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235722/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v076n01/p0001-p0031.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> সাধাৰণতে প্ৰয়ভাগ চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত 'Moulting' বছৰেকত এবাৰ হয়। অৱশ্যে কিছুমান প্ৰজাতিৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ই বছৰত দুবাৰ আৰু ডাঙৰ আকাৰৰ মাংসভোজী চৰাই (birds of prey)ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ই কেইবাবছৰৰ মূৰত এবাৰকৈ হয়। 'Moulting' ৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়া প্ৰজাতি ভেদে ভিন্ন হয়। পেচ্ছেৰাইন (passerine) অৰ্থাৎ পেচ্ছেৰিফৰমিছ (Passeriformes) বৰ্গৰ অন্তৰ্গত চৰাই সমূহৰ ডেউকাৰ পাখি সমূহ (flight feather) ভিতৰৰ পৰা এডাল এডালকৈ সৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। <ref name="pettingill">{{Cite book|author=Pettingill Jr. OS|year=1970|title=Ornithology in Laboratory and Field|isbn=808716093|publisher=Burgess Publishing Co}}</ref> হাঁহজাতীয় অন্য কিছুমান চৰায়ে আকৌ একেবাৰতে ডেউকাৰ গোটেইবোৰ পাখি সৰায় আৰু কিছুসময়ৰ বাবে উৰিব নোৱাৰা হৈ পৰে। <ref name="debeeretal">de Beer SJ, Lockwood GM, Raijmakers JHFS, Raijmakers JMH, Scott WA, Oschadleus HD, Underhill LG (2001). [http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/ringmanual.htm Web.uct.ac.za] SAFRING Bird Ringing Manual.</ref> বাহ সজাৰ আগে আগে প্ৰায়ভাগ মাইকী চৰায়ে পেটৰ পাখিবোৰ সৰাই বুকুত এটা অঞ্চল পাখিবিহীন কৰি তোলে, এই অংশটোক '[[brood patch]]' বুলি কোৱা হয়। সেই অংশত তেজ চলাচলৰ বাবে ষথেষ্ট ধমনী থাকে আৰু ই চৰাইজনীক উমনি দিয়াত সহায় কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Turner |first=J. Scott |year=1997 |title=On the thermal capacity of a bird's egg warmed by a brood patch |journal=Physiological Zoology |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=470–80 |doi=10.1086/515854 |pmid=9237308 |month= July|issn=0031-935X}}</ref> [[File:Red Lory (Eos bornea)-6.jpg|alt=Red parrot with yellow bill and wing feathers in bill|upright|right|thumb|[[Red Lory]] দেহ চাফা (preening) কৰি থকা অৱস্থাত]] চৰাইৰ পাখিসমূহক যত্নৰ প্ৰয়োজন। সেয়ে চৰায়ে নিয়মীয়াকৈ দিনৰ প্ৰায় ৯% সময় পাখি সমূহ চাফা কৰাত ব্যয় কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Walther |first=Bruno A. |year=2005 |title=Elaborate ornaments are costly to maintain: evidence for high maintenance handicaps |journal=Behavioural Ecology |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=89–95 |doi=10.1093/beheco/arh135}}</ref> ইহঁতে ঠোঁটৰ সহায়ত পাখিত লাগি থকা ধূলি বা বস্তু আঁতৰায়। তদুপৰি 'uropygial gland' এ নিঃসৰণ কৰা আঠাজাতীয় ৰস (waxy secretion)ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি পাখিৰ নমনীয়তা (fexibility) অটুট ৰাখে আৰু অন্যান্য ক্ষতিকৰ অনুজীৱসমূহৰ পৰা প্ৰতিৰক্ষা দিয়ে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shawkey |first=Matthew D. |year=2003 |title=Chemical warfare? Effects of uropygial oil on feather-degrading bacteria |journal=[[Journal of Avian Biology]] |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=345–49 |doi=10.1111/j.0908-8857.2003.03193.x |last2=Pillai |first2=Shreekumar R. |last3=Hill |first3=Geoffrey E.}}</ref> ===উৰণ ক্ষমতা=== অন্যান্য মেৰুদণ্ডী প্ৰাণী সমূহৰ পৰা ব্যতিক্ৰমী বৈশিষ্ট্য হ'ল প্ৰায়ভাগ চৰায়ৈ উৰিব পাৰে। উৰণ ক্ষমতা প্ৰজনন, খাদ্য আহৰণ (feeding) আৰু ভক্ষক (predator)ৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা পোৱাৰ বাবে ব্যৱহৃত হয়। <ref name = "Gill"/> ডেউকাৰ আকাৰ আৰু আকৃতিয়ে চৰাইৰ উৰাৰ ধৰণ নিৰ্ণয় কৰে। ==আচৰণ== প্ৰায়ভাগ চৰায়ে দিবাচৰ ([[diurnal animal|diurnal]]), কিন্তু ইয়াৰ ব্যতিক্ৰমো নোহোৱা নহয়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে ফেঁচা ( [[owl]]) নাইটঝাৰ ([[nightjar]]) আদি নিশাচৰ আৰু সাগৰীয় চৰাই যেনে ৱেডাৰ ([[wader]]) জাতীয় চৰায়ে দিন-ৰাতিৰ বিচাৰ নকৰাকৈ জোৱাৰ (tide)ৰ সময়ৰ লগত মিলাই খাদ্য খায়। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robert |first=Michel |month=January |year=1989 |title=Conditions and significance of night feeding in shorebirds and other water birds in a tropical lagoon |journal=The Auk |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=94–101 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v106n01/p0094-p0101.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=2013-01-17 |archivedate=2010-06-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610032819/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v106n01/p0094-p0101.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ===খাদ্য=== [[File:BirdBeaksA.svg|thumb|upright|right|alt= Illustration of the heads of 16 types of birds with different shapes and sizes of beak|খাদ্য আহৰণৰ পদ্ধতিৰ ভিত্তিত চৰাইৰ ঠোঁটৰ অভিযোজন হয়]] চৰায়ে বিভিন্ন খাদ্য খায়। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য খাদ্যসমূহ হ'ল, ফুলৰ ৰস ([[:en: nectar (plant)|nectar]]), ফল-মূল (fruit),উদ্ভিদ (plant), গছৰ গুটি (seeds) আৰু অন্য প্ৰজাতিৰ চৰাইকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন সৰু সৰু জীৱ-জন্তু। <ref name = "Gill"/> চৰাইৰ দাঁত নাই বাবে ইয়াৰ পাচকতন্ত্ৰ গিলি থোৱা খাদ্যৰ পাচন ঘটৌৱাত বিশেষভাৱে অভিযোজিত। যিবোৰ চৰায়ে খাদ্য আহৰণৰ বাবে বিভিন্ন উপায় অৱলম্বন কৰে আৰু বহুতো প্ৰকাৰৰ খাদ্য গ্ৰহণ কৰে সেইবোৰক [[:en: Generalist|generalist]] বুলি কোৱা হয়। অন্যহাতে বাকী কিছূমান চৰায়ে বিশেষ কিছুমান খাদ্যহে খায় আৰু এটা প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰেই সেই খাদ্য আহৰণ কৰে , তেনে চৰাইক [[:en:Specialist|specialist]] বুলি আখ্যা দিয়া হয়। <ref name = "Gill"/> খোৱাৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াও প্ৰজাতিভেদে বেলেগ বেলেগ হয়। কিছুমান চৰায়ে অলপ অলপকৈ ([[:en:Glean|glean]]) পোকপতংগ, অমেৰুদণ্ডী প্ৰাণী, ফল-মূল বা গুটি আদি সংগ্ৰহ কৰে। কিছুমানে পোক-পতংগক আকস্মিকভাৱে আক্ৰমণ কৰে। ফুলৰ ৰস চুহি খোৱা চৰাই যেনে হামিংবাৰ্ড ([[:en:Hummingbird|hummingbird]]), মৌ-পিয়া ([[:en: Sunbird|sunbird]]) ইত্যাদিৰ ঠোঁট আৰু জিভা চুহিবৰ বাবে বিশেষভাৱে অভিযোজিত হয়। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Paton |first=D. C. |date=1 April 1989|title=Bills and tongues of nectar-feeding birds: A review of morphology, function, and performance, with intercontinental comparisons |journal=Australian Journal of Ecology |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=473–506 |doi=10.1111/j.1442-9993.1989.tb01457.x |issn=00129615 |first2=B. G. |last2=Collins }}</ref> কিৱি ([[Kiwi]]) আৰু সাগৰীয় চৰাই সমূহৰ দীঘল ঠোঁট অমেৰুদণ্ডী প্ৰাণী চিকাৰ কৰাৰ উদেশ্যে ব্যৱহৃত হয়। <ref name = "Gill"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Baker |first=Myron Charles |date=1 April 1973|title=Niche Relationships Among Six Species of Shorebirds on Their Wintering and Breeding Ranges |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_ecological-monographs_spring-1973_43_2/page/193 |journal=Ecological Monographs |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=193–212 |doi=10.2307/1942194 |issn=00129615 |first2=. |last2=Baker |jstor=1942194}}</ref>। কিছুমান চৰাই যেনে ফ্ৰিগেটবাৰ্ড ([[:en:Frigatebird|frigatebird]]), গাল ([[:en:Gull| gull]])<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miyazaki |first=Masamine |date=1 July 1996 |title=Vegetation cover, kleptoparasitism by diurnal gulls and timing of arrival of nocturnal Rhinoceros Auklets |journal=The Auk |volume=113 |issue=3 |pages=698–702 |doi=10.2307/3677021 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v113n03/p0698-p0702.pdf |format=PDF |issn=09088857 |last2=Kuroki |last3=Niizuma |last4=Watanuki |first2=M. |first3=Y. |first4=Y. |jstor=3677021 |access-date=17 January 2013 |archivedate=25 March 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235710/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v113n03/p0698-p0702.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> আৰু স্কুৱা ( [[:en:Skua|skua]]),<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bélisle |first=Marc |date=1 August 1995 |title=Predation and kleptoparasitism by migrating Parasitic Jaegers |journal=The Condor |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=771–781 |doi=10.2307/1369185 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v097n03/p0771-p0781.pdf |format=PDF |issn=00105422 |author2=Giroux |access-date=17 January 2013 |archivedate=25 March 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235719/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v097n03/p0771-p0781.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> আদিয়ে অন্য চৰাইৰ পৰা খাদ্য চুৰি কৰি আনে। এই বিশেষ আচৰণটোক ক্লেপ্ট'পৰজীৱিতা ([[:en:Kleptoparasitism|kleptoparasitism]]) বুলি আখ্যা দিয়া হয়। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vickery |first=J. A. |date=1 May 1994 |title=The Kleptoparasitic Interactions between Great Frigatebirds and Masked Boobies on Henderson Island, South Pacific |journal=The Condor |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=331–40 |doi=10.2307/1369318 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v096n02/p0331-p0340.pdf |format=PDF |issn=00105422 |first2=. |last2=Brooke |jstor=1369318 |access-date=17 January 2013 |archivedate=25 March 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235707/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v096n02/p0331-p0340.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> অন্য কিছুমান চৰই মৃতভোজী, যেনে- শগুণ ([[:en:Scavenger|scavenger]])। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hiraldo |first=F.C. |year=1991 |title=Unspecialized exploitation of small carcasses by birds |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bird-study_1991-11_38_3/page/n69 |journal=Bird Studies |volume=38 |issue=3 |pages=200–07 |doi=10.1080/00063659109477089 |last2=Blanco |first2=J. C. |last3=Bustamante |first3=J.}}</ref> ===পানী=== চৰাইৰ বৰ্জনীয় পদাৰ্থ বিসৰ্জনৰ বিশেষ প্ৰক্ৰিয়া (excretion) আৰু ঘৰ্মগ্ৰন্থি (sweat gland) নথকাৰ বাবে শৰীৰত পানীৰ প্ৰয়োজন কম। অৱশ্যে অন্য বহুতো কামত চৰাইক পানীৰ প্ৰয়োজন একেবাৰেই নথকা নহয়। <ref>{{Cite book|year=2005|url=http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/287916626|isbn=90-367-2378-7|last=Engel|first=Sophia Barbara|title=Racing the wind: Water economy and energy expenditure in avian endurance flight|publisher=University of Groningen|access-date=2013-01-17|archivedate=2020-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405201429/http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/287916626}}</ref> মৰুভূমিৰ বহুতো চৰায়ে খাদ্যত থকা পানীৰেই এই প্ৰয়োজন পূৰাৱ পাৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|first=B.I.|last=Tieleman|title=The role of hyperthermia in the water economy of desert birds|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_physiological-and-biochemical-zoology-pbz_january-february-1999_72_1/page/87|journal= Physiol. Biochem. Zool.|volume=72|year=1999|pages=87&ndash;100|doi=10.1086/316640|pmid=9882607|month= January|last1=Tieleman|first1=BI|last2=Williams|first2=JB|issue=1|issn=1522-2152}}</ref>তেনেদৰে সাগৰীয় চৰাই সমূহে সাগৰৰ লোণীয়া পানী খায়ে জীৱন ধাৰণ কৰিব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ বাবে ইহঁতৰ মূৰত লোণ গ্ৰন্থি (salt gland) যি নাকৰ পৰা অনাৱশ্যকীয় লোণখিনি বৰ্জন কৰিব পাৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Salt-Secreting Gland of Marine Birds|last=Schmidt-Nielsen|first=Knut|journal=Circulation|date=1 May 1960|volume=21|pages=955&ndash;967|url=http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/5/955|issue=5|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.21.5.955}}</ref> প্ৰায়ভাগ চৰায়ে ঠোঁটত পানী লৈ পানীখিনি ডিঙিলৈ বৈ যাব পৰাকৈ মূৰটো ওপৰলৈ কৰি দিয়ে। অৱশ্যে অন্য কিছুমান চৰাই যেনে শুকান ঠাইৰ পাৰ (pigeon), ফিন্স (finch), মাউছবাৰ্ড (mousebird), বাটন-ক্কুৱেইল (button-quail) বাষ্টাৰ্ড (bustard) ইত্যাদিয়ে মূৰটৌ বেঁকা নকৰাকৈয়ে পানী শুহি ল'ব পাৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Sara L.|last=Hallager|title=Drinking methods in two species of bustards|journal=Wilson Bull.|volume=106|issue=4|year=1994|pages=763&ndash;764|id={{hdl|10088/4338}}}}</ref> মৰুভূমি অঞ্চলৰ কিছুমান চৰায়ে নিয়মীয়াকৈ সেয়ে পানীৰ উৎসত জুম পাতি থাকে। চেন্দগ্ৰাউজ (sandgrouse) আৰু প্লভাৰ (Plover) ৰ দৰে চৰায়ে পেটৰ পাখি সমূহ তিয়াই পোৱালিলৈ পানী কঢ়িয়াই নিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Water Transport by Sandgrouse|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bioscience_1983-06_33_6/page/365|first=Gordon L.|last= MacLean|journal=BioScience|volume=33|issue= 6|date=1 June 1983|pages=365&ndash;369|doi=10.2307/1309104|issn=00063568|jstor=1309104}}</ref> ===পৰিষ্কাৰ পৰিচ্ছন্নতা=== চৰায়ে বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰে পাখিবোৰ তিয়াই গা-ধুৱে। * Wading- চৰাইটোৱে পানীত ৰৈ পাখিবোৰ জোকাৰি জোকাৰি পানীত তল-ওপৰ কৰি দিয়ে। লগতে ই বুকুখন পানীত লগাই মূৰেৰে পিছফাললৈ পানী ছটিয়াই দিয়ে। এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰে সাধাৰণতে ৰবিন (Robin), থ্ৰাছ (thrush), ম'কিংবাৰ্ড (mockingbird) আদিয়ে গা ধুৱা দেখা যায়। * Dipping – কিছুমান চৰায়ে পানীত বুৰ মাৰি গাটো তিয়ায়। ছুইফ্ট (Swift) আৰু শ্বুৱেল'(swallow) আদি চৰায়ে এনেদৰে গা ধুৱে। * অন্য কিছুমান চৰায়ে আকৌ চোঁ মাৰি আহি বাৰে বাৰে পানীত ডুব দিয়ে। চ্ছিকাডি (Chickadees),ৰেন (wrens), বাণ্টিং (bunting) আদি চৰায়ে এই পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। * পানীৰ অভাৱ থকা অঞ্চলত চৰায়ে যেনে ৰেন টিট (Wren Tit) আদিয়ে উদ্ভিদত লাগি ৰোৱা নিয়ৰেৰে পাখিবোৰ তিয়ায়। * অন্য শুকান ঠাই কিছুমানত চৰায়ে পানীৰ সলনি ধূলিৰেওগা ধুৱা দেখা যায়। যেনে-ঘৰচিৰিকা, লাৰ্ক আদি চৰাই। * কিছুমান চৰায়ে আকৌ পাতলীয়া বৰষুণত ডেউকা আৰু নেজ মেলি দিও গা ধুৱে। কাঠোৰোকা (Woodpecker) আৰু নাটহেচ্চ (Nuthatches)ক সাধাৰণতে এনে কৰা দেখা যায়। চৰায়ে দেহৰ বৰণ আৰু পাখিসমূহ অক্ষত ৰাখিবৰ বাবেই প্ৰধানকৈ গা ধুৱে। ধূলিয়ে অপ্ৰয়োজনীয় তৈল পদাৰ্থ শুহি লয় আৰু মৰা ছাল বা বৰ্জনীয়া সামগ্ৰী আঁতৰোৱাত সহায় কৰে। তদুপৰি ধূলিয়ে পৰজীৱী প্ৰাণীকো আঁতৰায় বুলি ধাৰণা কৰা হয়। <ref name=bathing >{{Cite web |url= http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Bathing_and_Dusting.html |title=Bathing and Dusting |year=1988 |author= Paul R. Ehrlich, David S. Dobkin, and Darryl Wheye |accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref> ===প্ৰব্ৰজন=== বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন ঠাইত ঋতু অনুযায়ী হোৱা উষ্ণতাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সুবিধা লৈ চৰায়ে খাদ্য আৰু প্ৰজননৰ ঠাইৰ সন্ধানত প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে। চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি ভেদে এনে প্ৰব্ৰজননৰ ধৰণো বেলেগ বেলেগ হয়। বহুতো স্থলচৰ পক্ষী, সাগৰীয় আৰূ জলাশয় সমূহৰ চৰাই আদিয়ে বছৰেকত এবাৰ দীঘলীয়া দুৰত্ব অতিক্ৰম কৰি প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে। এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়া সাধাৰণতে দিনৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য (length of daylight) আৰু বতৰৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰে। এই চৰাইসমূহে প্ৰজননৰ সময়খিনি [[:en: Temperate|temperate]] বা উত্তৰ নাইবা দক্ষিণ গোলাৰ্ধ ([[:en:Arctic|arctic]]/[[:en:Antarctic| antarctic]])ত কটায় বাকী সময়ছোৱা বিষুৱীয় অঞ্চল ([[:en: Tropical|tropical]])ত অতিবাহিত কৰে। প্ৰব্ৰজনৰ আগে আগে চৰায়ে দেহৰ চৰ্বী (body fat) বৃদ্ধি কৰে আৰু কিছুমান অংগৰ আকাৰ হ্ৰাস কৰি তোলে। <ref name = "Battley"/><ref name = "Klaassen">{{Cite journal|last=Klaassen |first=Marc |coauthors= |date=1 January 1996|title=Metabolic constraints on long-distance migration in birds |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=199 |issue=1 |pages=57–64 |pmid=9317335 |url=http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/199/1/57 |issn=0022-0949}}</ref> চৰায়ে অকণো জিৰণি নোলোৱাকৈ মৰুভূমি-সাগৰ সকলো পাৰ হৈ যাব লাগে বাবে প্ৰব্ৰজননৰ সময়ত যথেষ্ট শক্তিৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয়। স্থলচৰ চৰায়ে সাধাৰণতে ২৫০০ কি:মি: পৰ্যন্ত আৰু সাগৰীয় চৰায়ে ৪০০০ কি:মি: পৰ্যন্ত প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰিব পাৰে। <ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite book|last=Gill |first=Frank |year=1995 |title=Ornithology |url=https://archive.org/details/ornithology0000gill_r7n1 |edition=2nd |location=New York |publisher=W.H. Freeman |isbn=0-7167-2415-4|pages=}}</ref>। অৱশ্যে [[:en: Bar-tailed Godwit|Bar-tailed Godwit]] নামৰ চৰাইবিধে একেৰাহে ১০২০০ কি:মি: পৰ্যন্ত প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাত সক্ষম। <ref>{{Cite news|title=Long-distance Godwit sets new record |url=http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2007/04/bar-tailed_godwit_journey.html |date=4 May 2007 |publisher=[[BirdLife International]] |accessdate=13 December 2007}}</ref> সাগৰীয় চৰাই সমূহৰ ভিতৰত শ্বুটি শ্বিয়েৰৱাটাৰ ([[:en:Sooty Shearwater|Sooty Shearwater]]) নামৰ চৰাইবিধে সৰ্বাধিক দুৰত্ব অতিক্ৰম কৰে। ই [[নিউজিলেণ্ড]] আৰু [[চিলি]] (Chile) ত বাহ সাজি পোৱালিজগায় আৰু গ্ৰীষ্মকালটো [[জাপান]], [[আলাস্কা]] আৰু [[কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া]]ত অতিবাহিত কৰে। এনেদৰে বছৰেকত ই প্ৰায় ৬৪০০০ কি: মি: পৰ্যন্ত প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shaffer |first=Scott A. |year=2006 |title=Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=103 |issue=34 |pages=12799–802 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0603715103 |pmid= 16908846 |month= August|issn=0027-8424 |url=http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16908846 |last2=Tremblay |first2=Y |last3=Weimerskirch |first3=H |last4=Scott |first4=D |last5=Thompson |first5=DR |last6=Sagar |first6=PM |last7=Moller |first7=H |last8=Taylor |first8=GA |last9=Foley |first9=DG |pmc=1568927}}</ref> [[File:Bar-tailed Godwit migration.jpg|alt= A map of the Pacific Ocean with several coloured lines representing bird routes running from New Zealand to Korea|thumb|left| কৃত্ৰিম উপগ্ৰহৰ সহায়ত পোৱা বাৰ-টেইলড গডউইত (Bar-tailed Godwit)ৰ প্ৰব্ৰজননৰ পথৰেখা। এইবিধ চৰায়ে ক'তো জিৰণি নোলোৱাকৈ সৰ্বোচ্চ দুৰত্ব অতিক্ৰম কৰে বুলি জনা যায়]] কিছূমান চৰায়ে কেৱল বেয়া বতৰ বা খাদ্যৰ অভাৱ পূৰাব পৰাকৈ প্ৰয়োজন হোৱা দুৰত্বহে অতিক্ৰম কৰে। উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে ফিন্স ([[:en:Finch| Finch) জাতীয় চৰায়ে খাদ্যৰ সন্ধানত বেলেগ ঠাইলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=W. Herbert, Jr. |year=1999 |title=Bird feeding and irruptions of northern finches:are migrations short stopped? |journal=North America Bird Bander |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=113–21 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/NABB/v024n04/p0113-p0121.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=2013-01-17 |archivedate=2009-03-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235739/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/NABB/v024n04/p0113-p0121.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref>কিছূমান চৰায়ে ইয়াৰ বিতৰণ (range) পৰিসৰতে চমূকৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে। অন্য কিছুমান চৰাইৰ ক্সত্ৰত আংশিক প্ৰব্ৰজনো দেখা যায়। অৰ্থাৎ কেৱল মাইকী আৰু তলতীয়া মতা (subdominant male) চৰায়ে প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nilsson |first=Anna L. K. |year=2006 |title=Do partial and regular migrants differ in their responses to weather? |journal=The Auk |volume=123 |issue=2 |pages=537–47 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3793/is_200604/ai_n16410121|doi=10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[537:DPARMD]2.0.CO;2 |last2=Alerstam |first2=Thomas |last3=Nilsson |first3=Jan-Åke|issn=0004-8038}}</ref> আকৌ সাগৰ-পৃষঠৰ পৰা উচ্চতাৰ ভিত্তিতো চৰায়ে প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে। এইক্ষেত্ৰত চৰায়ে সাধাৰণতে সাগৰ পৃষ্ঠৰ পৰা বেছি উচ্চতাত প্ৰজনন কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছত তললৈ নামি আহে। এইধৰণৰ প্ৰব্ৰজন সাধাৰণতে উষ্ণতাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন আৰু খাদ্যৰ উপলভ্যতাৰ ভিত্তিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rabenold |first=Kerry N. |year=1985 |title=Variation in Altitudinal Migration, Winter Segregation, and Site Tenacity in two subspecies of Dark-eyed Juncos in the southern Appalachians |journal=The Auk |volume=102 |issue=4 |pages=805–19 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v102n04/p0805-p0819.pdf |format=PDF |access-date=2013-01-17 |archivedate=2009-03-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235702/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v102n04/p0805-p0819.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চৰায়ে প্ৰব্ৰজনৰ পিছত পুনৰ একেখন ঠাইলৈকে উভতি অহাৰ ক্ষমতা পৰীক্ষা কৰিবলৈ১৯৫০ চনত [[বষ্টন]]ত [[Manx Shearwater]] নামৰ চৰাইবিধ মুকলি কৰি দিয়া হৈছিল। ১৩ দিনৰ ভিতৰতে ইহঁতে ৫১৫০ কি: মি: অতিক্ৰম কৰি পূৰ্বৰ বাসস্থান [[ৱেলছ]] ([[:en: Wales|Wales]]) লৈ উভতি আহে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Matthews |first=G. V. T. |date=1 September 1953|title=Navigation in the Manx Shearwater |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=370–96 |url=http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/30/3/370 }}</ref> বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰে প্ৰব্ৰজননৰ সময়ত চৰায়ে দিক নিৰ্ণয় (Navigation) কৰে। দিনৰ ভাগত কৰা প্ৰব্ৰজননত সূৰ্যক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি প্ৰায়ভাগ চৰায়ে দিক-নিৰ্ণয় কৰে। ৰাতিৰ সময়ত stellar compass ৰ সহায় লয়। <ref name = "Gill"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mouritsen |first=Henrik |date=15 November 2001|title=Migrating songbirds tested in computer-controlled Emlen funnels use stellar cues for a time-independent compass |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=204 |issue=8 |pages=3855–65 |pmid= 11807103 |url=http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/204/22/3855 |issn=0022-0949 |author2=L}}</ref> ===ভাৱ বিনিময় (Communication)=== [[File:Stavenn Eurypiga helias 00.jpg|thumb|alt= Large brown patterned ground bird with outstretched wings each with a large spot in the centre| right|The startling display of the [[Sunbittern]] mimics a large predator.]] চৰায়ে মুখ্যত: visual and auditory সংকেত (signal)ৰ সহায়ত ইটোৱে সিটোৰ স'তে যোগাযোগ কৰে। ই বেলেগ বেলেগ প্ৰজাতিৰ মাজত (intraspecific-within species) বা নিজৰ প্ৰজাতিৰ ভিতৰত (interspecific -between species) হ'ব পাৰে। কেতিয়াবা চৰায়ে সামাজিক ভাৱে নিজৰ প্ৰভুত্ব (dominance) দেখুৱাবলৈ গাৰ বৰণ অৰ্থাৎ প্লুমেজও বৰৱহাৰ কৰা দেখা যায়। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Möller |first=Anders Pape |year=1988 |title=Badge size in the house sparrow ''Passer domesticus''|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_behavioral-ecology-and-sociobiology_1988-05_22_5/page/373 |journal=[[Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology]] |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=373–78}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Betsy Trent |date=1 August 1990 |title=Nesting Behavior of Sunbitterns (''Eurypyga helias'') in Venezuela |journal=The Condor |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=576–81 |doi=10.2307/1368675 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v092n03/p0576-p0581.pdf |format=PDF |issn=00105422 |author2=Strahl |access-date=17 January 2013 |archivedate=25 March 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325235743/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v092n03/p0576-p0581.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> প্ৰজননৰ সময়ত চৰাইৰ আটাইতকৈ দীঘলীয়া আৰু নান্দনিক প্ৰদৰ্ষণ (display) দেখা যায়। ইয়াক নাচ বুলি কোৱা হয় যি প্ৰকৃততে বিভিন্ন জটিল দেহ সঞ্চালনৰ সমষ্টি হয়। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pickering |first=S. P. C. |year=2001 |title=Courtship behaviour of the Wandering Albatross ''Diomedea exulans'' at Bird Island, South Georgia |journal=Marine Ornithology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=29–37 |url=http://www.marineornithology.org/PDF/29_1/29_1_6.pdf|format=PDF}}</ref> মতা চৰাইৰ প্ৰজননৰ সাফল্য এনে প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ ওপৰতো বহু নিৰ্ভৰ কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pruett-Jones |first=S. G. |date=1 May 1990|title=Sexual Selection Through Female Choice in Lawes' Parotia, A Lek-Mating Bird of Paradise |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_evolution_1990-05_44_3/page/486 |journal=[[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]] |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=486–501 |doi=10.2307/2409431 |issn=00143820 |author2=Pruett-Jones}}</ref> [[File:Troglodytes musculus, Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.oga|thumb|right| উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ চৰাই হাউচ ৰেন (House Wren) ৰ গান ]] চৰায়ে বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ মাত (calls and songs)ৰ সহায়তো ভাৱ বিনিময় কৰে। <ref name = "Suthers"/><ref name = "Gill"/>। চৰায়ে মাতৰ যোগেদি সাম্ভাৱ্য লগৰীয়া (potential mates) বাছনি,<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1080/08927014.1994.9522988 |last=Genevois |first=F. |year=1994 |last2=Bretagnolle |first2=V. |title=Male Blue Petrels reveal their body mass when calling |journal=Ethology Ecology and Evolution |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=377–83 |url=http://ejour-fup.unifi.it/index.php/eee/article/view/667/613 |access-date=2013-01-17 |archivedate=2007-12-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224040649/http://ejour-fup.unifi.it/index.php/eee/article/view/667/613 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>নিজৰ অধিকাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰ (claiming and maintenance of territories) ৰ ঘোষণা আৰু পৰিচালনা<ref name = "Gill"/> অন্য চৰাইৰ চিনাক্তকৰণ,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Jouventin |first=Pierre |month= June|year=1999 |title=Finding a parent in a king penguin colony: the acoustic system of individual recognition |journal=Animal Behaviour |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=1175–83 |doi=10.1006/anbe.1999.1086 |pmid=10373249 |issn=0003-3472 |last2=Aubin |first2=T |last3=Lengagne |first3=T}}</ref>আৰু গোটৰ চৰাইসমূহক ভক্ষক (predator)ৰ আগমণৰ বিষয়ে সকিয়নি দিয়া<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Templeton |first=Christopher N. |year=2005 |title=Allometry of Alarm Calls: Black-Capped Chickadees Encode Information About Predator Size |journal=Science |volume=308 |issue=5730 |pages=1934–37 |doi=10.1126/science.1108841 |pmid=15976305 |month= June|issn=0036-8075 |last2=Greene |first2=E |last3=Davis |first3=K}}</ref> আদি কাৰ্য্য সমাপন কৰে। [[File:Red-billed quelea flocking at waterhole.jpg|thumb|alt= massive flock of tiny birds seen from distance so that birds appear as specks|right|[[:en:Red-billed Quelea|Red-billed Quelea]], আটাইতকৈ সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি<ref name = "flycatcher">{{Cite book|last=Sekercioglu |first=Cagan Hakki |year=2006 |chapter=Foreword |title=[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]], Volume 11: Old World Flycatchers to Old World Warblers|editor=Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott and David Christie (eds.) |location=Barcelona |publisher=Lynx Edicions |isbn=84-96553-06-X|page=48}}</ref> form enormous flocks&mdash;sometimes tens of thousands strong.]] ===গোট (flocking)=== কিছুমান চৰায়ে নিজৰ অধিকাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰ অৰ্থাৎ টেৰিট'ৰী (territory) বজাই সৰু পৰিয়ালত বাস কৰে, অন্যহাতে আন কিছুমান চৰায়ে আকৌ বৃহৎ গোট গঠন কৰি বসবাস কৰে। বৃহৎ গোট গঠন কৰি একেলগে থকাৰ প্ৰধান সুবিধাবোৰ হ'ল, ভক্ষকৰ পৰা প্ৰতিৰক্ষা আৰু খাদ্য আহৰণৰ সুবিধা। <ref name = "Gill"/> বিশেষকৈ ঘন বনাঞ্চলৰ দৰে পৰিৱেশত ভক্ষক প্ৰাণীৰ পৰা বেছি সাৱধান হোৱাৰ প্ৰয়োজন কাৰণ এনে বাসস্থানত চোপ লৈ কৰা আক্ৰমণৰ সম্ভাৱনাও বেছী হয়। সেয়ে বৃহৎ গোটৰ সমূহীয়া সতৰ্ক দৃষ্টিয়ে চৰাইসমূহক সময় মতে সকিয়াই দিবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। সেইবাবেই বনাঞ্চল সমূহত বেলগ বেলগ প্ৰজাতিৰ চৰায়ে একোটা বৃহৎ গোট গঠন কৰি একেলগে চৰা দেখা যায়। অৱশ্যে এই ব্যৱস্থাই খাদ্যৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰো সৃষ্টি কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Terborgh |first=John |year=2005 |title=Mixed flocks and polyspecific associations: Costs and benefits of mixed groups to birds and monkeys |journal=American Journal of Primatology |volume=21 |issue=2|pages=87–100 |doi=10.1002/ajp.1350210203}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hutto |first=Richard L. |date=1 January 988|title=Foraging Behavior Patterns Suggest a Possible Cost Associated with Participation in Mixed-Species Bird Flocks |journal=[[Oikos (journal)|Oikos]] |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=79–83 |doi=10.2307/3565809 |issn=00301299 |jstor=3565809}}</ref> চৰায়ে কেতিয়াবা অন্য কিছুমান জীৱজন্তুৰ সৈতেও সহযোগিতা (associations) কৰি চলা দেখা যায়। যেনে- সাগৰীয় চৰায়ে মাছ ধৰোঁতে ডলফিন ( [[:en: Dolphin|dolphin]]) আৰু টুনা ([[:en:Tuna|tuna]])ই সাগৰপৃষ্ঠলৈ মাছ ঠেলি দি সহায় কৰে। <ref name = "AU">{{Cite journal |last=Au |first=David W. K. |date=1 August 1986 |title=Seabird interactions with Dolphins and Tuna in the Eastern Tropical Pacific |journal=The Condor |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=304–17 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v088n03/p0304-p0317.pdf |doi=10.2307/1368877 |format=PDF |issn=00105422 |author2=Pitman |access-date=17 January 2013 |archivedate=5 November 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105140621/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v088n03/p0304-p0317.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেনেদৰে ধনেশ চৰাই আৰু ডোৱাৰ্ফ মংগুজ ([[:en: Dwarf Mongose|Dwarf Mongoose]]) একেলগে খাদ্য আহৰণ কৰে আৰু ইটোৱে সিটোক কোনো ভক্ষকৰ আগমণত সতৰ্ক কৰি দিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Anne |first=O. |month=June |year=1983 |title=Dwarf mongoose and hornbill mutualism in the Taru desert, Kenya |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_behavioral-ecology-and-sociobiology_1983-06_12_3/page/181 |journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=181–90 |doi=10.1007/BF00290770 |last2=Rasa |first2=E.}}</ref> {{-}} ===জিৰণি (roosting)=== [[File:Caribbean Flamingo2 (Phoenicopterus ruber) (0424) - Relic38.jpg|thumb|alt= Pink flamingo with grey legs and long neck pressed against body and head tucked under wings|এই [[:en: American Flemingo|American Flamingo]]ৰ দৰে বহুতো চৰায়ে শুৱাৰ সময়ত মূৰটো সুমুৱাই লয়]] চৰায়ে শুওতেও আধা জাগি থাকে আৰু মাজে মাজে ঘপকৈ চকু মেলি আকৌ মুদি দিয়ে। ইয়াক সতৰ্ক শুৱন (vigilant sleep) বুলি কোৱা হয়। ই চৰাইক হঠাতে অহা বিপদৰ পৰা বচাই ৰাখে। <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gauthier-Clerc |first=Michael |month=May |year=2000 |title=Sleep-Vigilance Trade-off in Gadwall during the Winter Period |journal=The Condor |volume=102 |issue=2 |pages=307–13 |url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v102n02/p0307-p0313.pdf |doi=10.1650/0010-5422(2000)102[0307:SVTOIG]2.0.CO;2 |format=PDF |last2=Tamisier |first2=Alain |last3=Cézilly |first3=Frank |issn=0010-5422 |access-date=2013-01-17 |archivedate=2008-09-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910161658/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v102n02/p0307-p0313.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> বহুতো চৰায়ে টপনি যাওঁতে মূৰটো পিছলৈ কৰি ঠোঁটটো পিছফালৰ ডেউকাত সুমুৱাই থোৱা দেখা যায়। অন্য কিছুমানে অৱঢ়্যে বুকুৰ পাখিতহে মূৰটো লুকুৱাই টোপনি যায়। কিছূমান চৰায়ে এটা ঠেঙৰ ওপৰত ভৰ দি জিৰণি লয়। পেচ্ছেৰাইন [[:en:Passerine|Perching birds]] বৰ্গৰ চৰাই সমূহৰ দেহত থকা বিশেষ অভিযোজন (tendon locking mechanism)ৰ বাবে টোপনি যোৱাৰ সময়তো গছৰ ডালত ঠেঙেৰে খোপনি পুতি ৰাখিব পাৰে। কিছুমান ভাটৌৰ প্ৰজাতিয়ে গছৰ ডালত ওলোটাকৈ ওলমি থাকি শোৱে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Buckley |first=F. G. |date=1 January 1968|title=Upside-down Resting by Young Green-Rumped Parrotlets (''Forpus passerinus'') |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_condor_1968-01_70_1/page/89 |journal=The Condor |volume=70 |issue=1 |page=89 |doi=10.2307/1366517 |issn=00105422 |author2=Buckley}}</ref> ===প্ৰজনন=== ====সমাজ==== [[File:Raggiana Bird-of-Paradise wild 5.jpg|thumb|alt= Bird faces up with green face, black breast and pink lower body. Elaborate long feathers on the wings and tail.|right|বাৰ্ড অব পেৰেডাইজ ([[:en:Bird of Paradise|Bird of Paradise]])ৰ অন্তৰ্গত অন্য প্ৰজাতিসমূহৰ দৰেই [[:en:Raggiana Bird of Paradise|Raggiana Bird of Paradise]]ৰ মতা চৰাইটোৰো প্ৰজনন কালত অত্যন্ত উজ্জ্বল আৰু দেখনিয়াৰ ৰং হোৱা দেখা যায়। ই মাইকী চৰাইজনীক মুগ্ধ কৰাত সহায় কৰে। <ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1071/MU9810193|last=Frith|first=C.B|title=Displays of Count Raggi's Bird-of-Paradise ''Paradisaea raggiana'' and congeneric species|journal=Emu|volume=81|issue = 4|pages=193–201| url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/paper/MU9810193.htm|year=1981}}</ref>]] চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতিসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ৯৫% চৰায়ে একগামী (monogamous)। প্ৰজাতি ভেদে চৰায়ে প্ৰায়ে প্ৰজনন কালছোৱা, কেতিয়াবা কেইবাবছৰলৈ আৰু কোনো কোনো ক্ষেত্ৰত মৃত্যু পৰ্যন্ত যোৰা পাতি থাকে। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Freed|first=Leonard A.|year=1987|title=The Long-Term Pair Bond of Tropical House Wrens: Advantage or Constraint?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-naturalist_1987-10_130_4/page/507|journal=[[The American Naturalist]]|volume=130|issue=4|pages=507–25|doi=10.1086/284728}}</ref> একগামীতাই মাক-দেউতাকৰ যত্নৰ নিশ্চিতি দিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gowaty|first=Patricia A.|title=Male Parental Care and Apparent Monogamy among Eastern Bluebirds (''Sialia sialis'')|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-naturalist_1983-02_121_2/page/149|journal=[[The American Naturalist]]|volume=121|issue=2|pages=149–60|year=1983|doi=10.1086/284047}}</ref> অন্যান্য বংশবৃদ্ধিৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়া (mating systems) সমূহ হ'ল, পলিগাইনি ([[:en:Polygyny|polygyny]]), পলিএণ্ড্ৰি ([[:en:Polyandry|polyandry]]), পলিগেমী ([[:en:Polygamy|polygamy]]), পলিগাইনেণ্ড্ৰি ([[:en: Polygynandry|polygynandry]]) আৰু [[:en:Promiscuity|promiscuity]] ইত্যাদি। <ref name = "Gill"/> প্ৰজননৰ সময়ত প্ৰধানকৈ মতা চৰাইটোৱে বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ প্ৰদৰ্ষণ (courtship display) কৰে। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Short|first=Lester L.|year=1993|title=Birds of the World and their Behavior|url=https://archive.org/details/livesofbirdsbird00shor|publisher=Henry Holt and Co|location=New York|isbn=0-8050-1952-9}}</ref> প্ৰায়বোৰ এনে প্ৰদৰ্শন সাধাৰণতে চৰাইৰ গান বা বিশেষ মাত , নাচোন, উৰন্ত অৱস্থাত কৰা ডেউকাৰ কৌশল আদিৰ মাধ্যমত হয়। মাইকী চৰায়ে এনে প্ৰদৰ্শন সমূহৰ ভিত্তিত পছন্দৰ মতা চৰাইটো নিজৰ লগৰীয়া হিচাপে বাছনি কৰে। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Burton|first=R|year=1985|title=Bird Behavior|url=https://archive.org/details/birdbehavior00burt|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Inc|isbn=0-394-53957-5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schamel|first=D|year=2004|title=Mate guarding, copulation strategies and paternity in the sex-role reversed, socially polyandrous red-necked phalarope ''Phalaropus lobatus''|journal=Behaviour Ecology and Sociobiology|volume=57|issue=2|pages=110–18|url=http://www.springerlink.com/index/8BE48GKGYF2Q40LT.pdf|doi=10.1007/s00265-004-0825-2|format=PDF|last2=Tracy|first2=Diane M.|last3=Lank|first3=David B.|last4=Westneat|first4=David F.|access-date=2013-01-17|archivedate=2020-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328130628/http://www.springerlink.com/index/8BE48GKGYF2Q40LT.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> [ ====বাহ সজা আৰু উমনি==== প্ৰয়ভাগ চৰায়ে প্ৰজনন কালত নিজৰ অধিকাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰ বা টেৰিট'ৰী (territory) আন চৰাই সমূহৰ পৰা সক্ৰিয়ভাৱে ৰক্ষা কৰি চলে। আনহাতে যিবিলাক চৰায়ে নিজৰ টেৰিট'ৰী ৰক্ষা কৰিব নোৱেৰে যেনে- সাগৰীয় চৰাই সমূহে কল'নি বা বৃহৎ গোট গঠন কৰি বাস কৰে যাতে ভক্ষকৰ পৰা বাচি থাকিব পাৰে। এনেকৈ কল'নি গঠন কৰি বাস কৰা চৰাই সমূহে নিজৰ নিজৰ বাহ সজা ঠাইখন কেৱল আন চৰাইৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা কৰি চলে। <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kokko | first1 = H | last2 = Harris | first2 = M | last3 = Wanless | first3 = S | year = 2004 | title = Competition for breeding sites and site-dependent population regulation in a highly colonial seabird, the common guillemot ''Uria aalge'' | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-animal-ecology_2004-03_73_2/page/367| journal = Journal of Animal Ecology | volume = 73 | issue = 2| pages = 367–76 | doi = 10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.00813.x }}</ref> সকলো চৰায়ে কেলছিয়াম কাৰ্বনেট ([[:en:Calcium carbonate|calcium carbonate]])এৰে গঠিত টান খোলা (hard shells) ৰে আবৃত এমনিয়টিক কণী ([[:en:Amniotic egg| amniotic egg]]) পাৰে। <ref name = "Gill"/> গছৰ খোৰোং বা গাতত কণী পৰা চৰাইৰ কণীবোৰ সাধাৰণতে বগা বা শেঁতা বৰণৰ আৰু মুকলি ঠাইত বাহ সাজি কণী পৰা চৰাইৰ কণীবোৰ চৌদিশৰ পৰিৱেশৰ লগত মিলি থকা (camouflage) বৰণৰ হয়। <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Booker | first1 = L | last2 = Booker | first2 = M | year = 1991 | title = Why Are Cuckoos Host Specific? | journal = [[Oikos (journal)|Oikos]] | volume = 57 | issue = 3| pages = 301–09 | doi = 10.2307/3565958 | jstor=3565958}}</ref> [[File:Golden-backed Weaver.jpg|thumb|left|alt= Yellow weaver (bird) with black head hangs an upside-down nest woven out of grass fronds.|মতা [[:en: Golden-backed Weaver|Golden-backed Weaver]]চৰায়ে ঘাঁহ বনেৰে সুন্দৰকৈ বাহ সাজে। ]] চৰায়ে সাধাৰণতে নিজৰ বাহত কণী পাৰে। বেছিভাগ চৰায়ে নিজৰ প্ৰয়োজনৰ জোখাৰে বিভিন্ন আকৃতিৰ বাহ সাজি লয়। <ref name = "Hansell">Hansell M (2000). ''Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour''. University of Cambridge Press ISBN 0-521-46038-7</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lafuma | first1 = L | last2 = Lambrechts | first2 = M | last3 = Raymond | first3 = M | year = 2001 | title = Aromatic plants in bird nests as a protection against [[Hematophagy|blood-sucking]] flying insects? | url = | journal = Behavioural Processes | volume = 56 | issue = 2| pages = 113–20 | doi = 10.1016/S0376-6357(01)00191-7 }}</ref> চৰায়ে পাখিৰে বাহটো উমাল কৰি ৰাখে। <ref name = "Hansell"/> কিছুমান চৰাইৰ বাহ নাথাকে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে শিলাময় পাহাৰত বাস কৰা (cliff-nesting) [[:en: Common Guillemot|Common Guillemot]] নামৰ চৰাইটোৱে শিলতে কণী পাৰে। তেনেদৰে এম্পাৰৰ পেংগুইনৰ মাইকীয়ে কণী পাৰে আৰু মতা চৰাইটোৱে নিজৰ ঠেঙৰ মাজতে কণীটো ভৰাই থয়। ======চৰাইৰ ঠোঁট আৰু হাঁকোটা====== ক) চৰাইৰ ঠোঁট (Beaks in Birds): চৰাইৰ ঠোঁটটো উৰ্ধ আৰু নিম্ন হনুৰ দ্বাৰা গঠিত। ঠোঁটটো শিঙৰ দৰে টান পদাৰ্থৰ আৱৰণৰ দ্বাৰা আবৃত হৈ থাকে। এই আৱৰণখনক ৰেম্‌ফ’থিকা (Rhamphotheca) বোলা হয়। *ঠোঁটৰ কাম (Functions of teeth): #খাদ্য সংগ্ৰহ কৰা। #খাদ্যবস্তু লাৰাচাৰা কৰা। #পাখিবোৰ আচোৰা আৰু জট ভঙা। #বাঁহ সাজিবলৈ সামগ্ৰী আহৰণ কৰা। # বাঁহ সজা। # পোৱালিবোৰক খুওৱা। #প্ৰতিৰক্ষাৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা। *ঠোঁটৰ প্ৰকাৰ (Types of Beaks): খাদ্য আৰু ভক্ষণ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি চৰাইৰ ঠোঁটবোৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰে ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। তলত বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰৰ ঠোঁটৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা হ’ল। #বীজ ভক্ষণকাৰী ঠোঁট (Seed eating beak): বীজ ভক্ষণকাৰী ঠোঁটবোৰ টান, দৃঢ় আৰু শঙ্কু আকাৰৰ। বীজ ভক্ষণকাৰী চৰাইবোৰে টান খোলাযুক্ত বীজবোৰ ভাঙিবলৈ আৰু গুৰি কৰিবলৈ এনেকুৱা ধৰণৰ ঠোঁট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। উদাহৰণ: ঘন চিৰিকা, ফিন্স চৰাই। #ছেদক ঠোঁট (Cutting beak): এইবোৰ ঠোঁট মজপুত আৰু চোকা ধাৰযুক্ত। ভক্ষী প্ৰাণীক ফালি টুকুৰা টুকুৰ কৰিবলৈ, কণী ভাঙিবলৈ নাইবা ফল কাটিবলৈ কিছুমান চৰায়ে এনে ধৰণৰ ঠোঁট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। উদাহৰণ: কাউৰী। #ফল ভক্ষণকাৰী ঠোঁট (Fruit eating beak): ফল খাবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা ঠৌঁটবোৰ চোকা, টান আৰু বেকা ধৰণৰ হয়। এনে ধৰণৰ ঠোঁট ফলৰ বাকলিবোৰ গুচাবলৈ আৰু বীজৰ টান বাকলি ফালিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। উদাহৰণ: ভাটৌ। #পতঙ্গভোজী ঠোঁট (Insect eating beak): পতঙ্গভোজী চৰাইবোৰৰ ঠোঁটবোৰ সৰু, চুটি আৰু চুঙা আকৃতিৰ। এনেকুৱা ধৰণৰ ঠোঁটবোৰ পতঙ্গ ধৰিবলৈ উপযোগী। উদাহৰণ: বতাহী চৰাই (Swift), তেলতুপি চৰাই (Swallow), [[দহিকতৰা]] (Robin)। #মোনাযুক্ত ঠোঁট (Pouched beak): মোনাযুক্ত ঠোঁটবোৰ টান, দীঘল আৰু নিম্নহনুৰ ঠোঁটটো মোনাযুক্ত। এইবোৰ ঠোঁট বহনকাৰী চৰাইবোৰে মাছ আদি ঠোঁটেৰে চিকাৰ কৰে। উদাহৰণ: পেলিকান (Pelican)। #চিকাৰ ধৰা ঠোঁট (Prey eating beak): চিকাৰ ধৰা ঠোঁটবোৰ টান, ক্ৰমাগত ভাৱে সঙ্কীৰ্ণ হৈ যোৱা ঠোঁট। এনে ধৰণৰ ঠোঁটৰ সহায়ত মৎস্যভোজী চৰাইবোৰে পানীৰ পৰা চিকাৰ ধৰি ওপৰলৈ উঠাই লৈ আহে। উদাহৰণ: মাছৰোকা (King fisher), চামুচ যেন ঠোঁটৰ বগলী (Spoon bill)। #বোকা ছাকনী ঠোঁট (Mud strainer beak): এইবোৰ ঠোঁট দৃঢ়, বহল আৰু চেপেটা আৰু কটা খাজযুক্ত। এইবোৰ ঠোঁটৰ দ্বাৰা কিছুমান চৰায়ে বোকা পানীৰ পৰা ছাকন প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰে শামুক আদি আহৰণ কৰে॥ উদাহৰণ: খঞ্জন জাতীয় চৰাই (Sand piper), ভূৰুং চৰাই (Snipe), ধিত্‌ৰাজ (Goose)। #কাঠত বটালী মৰা ঠোঁট (Wood chiselling beak): কাঠত বটালী মৰা ঠোঁটবোৰ অতি টান, দীঘল আৰু চিধা। এই ঠৌঁটৰ অধিকাৰী চৰাইবোৰে গছৰ শুকান বাকলিৰ তলৰ পৰা পতঙ্গ আদি আহৰণ কৰিবলৈ নাইবা গছত বাহ সজাৰ অৰ্থে খোৰোং সাজিবলৈ বটালীৰে কাঠত গাত খান্দে। উদাহৰণ: [[বাঢ়ৈটোকা]] চৰাই (Wood pecker)। #বোকাত পৰীক্ষক ঠোঁট (Mud probing beak): এইবোৰ ঠোঁট দীঘল আৰু চুঙা আকৃতিৰ। এনেকুৱা ঠোঁট বহনকাৰী চৰাইবোৰে বোকাত ঠোঁটটো সুমুৱাই দি কেঁচু, শামুক, পতঙ্গ আদিৰ উপস্থিতিৰ বিষয়ে উমান পায়। উদাহৰণ: খঞ্জন জাতীয় চৰাই (Sand piper), ভূৰুং চৰাই (Snipe)। #মাছ ধৰা ঠোঁট (Fish catching beak): মাছ ধৰা ঠোঁটবোৰ দীঘল, ঠেক আৰু খাজকটা। মাছ, ভেকুলী, লালুকি আদি ধৰিবলৈ কিছুমান চৰায়ে এনেকুৱা ধৰণৰ ঠোঁট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। উদাহৰণ: পানী কাউৰী (Cormorant), বগলী (Heron)। #ফুল পৰীক্ষক ঠোঁট (Flower probing beak): ফুল পৰীক্ষক ঠোঁটবোৰ দীঘল, ঠেক আৰু জোঙা। মৌ আহৰণ কৰা চৰাইবোৰে এই ঠোঁটবোৰেৰে ফুলৰ পৰা মৌৰস আহৰণ কৰে। উদাহৰণ: চানবাৰ্ড (Sun bird), হামিং বাৰ্ড (Humming bird)। #বিন্ধোৱা আৰু ফলা ঠোঁট (Pierching and Tearing beak): এই ঠোঁটবোৰ চুটি, ওপৰৰ ঠোঁটটো তলমুৱাকৈ বেকা আৰু শক্তিশালী। এইবোৰ ঠোঁট সৰু ডাঙৰ চিকাৰবোৰ ফুটাবলৈ আৰু ফলাচিৰা কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। উদাহৰণ: ঈগল, ফেঁচা, শগুণ। খ) চৰাইৰ হাকোটাযুক্ত পদাঞ্চলৰ প্ৰকাৰ (Types of clawed feet in birds): চৰাইৰ ঠেঙৰ পদাঞ্চল খোজ কঢ়াৰ উপৰিও অন্যান্য বহুতো কামৰ বাবে ব্যৱহৃত হয়। অন্যান্য কামবোৰ হ’ল – বস্তু আদি সংগ্ৰহ, বাঁহ সজা, আক্ৰমণ কৰা, প্ৰতিৰক্ষা ইত্যাদি। চৰাইৰ ঠেঙৰ পদাঞ্চল আঙুলিযুক্ত আৰু এই আঙুলিবোৰত নখ বা হাকোটা থাকে। কৰ্মৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি চৰাইৰ ঠেঙক তলত দিয়া ধৰণে ভাগ কৰিব পাৰি। #আৰোহী ঠেং (Climbing feet): আৰোহী ঠেঙৰ পদাঞ্চলবোৰ গছত বা গছৰ ডালত বগাবলৈ উপযোগী। এনেবোৰ ঠেঙত প্ৰথম আৰু চতুৰ্থ আঙুলি দুটা পিছফাললৈ মুখ কৰি অৱস্থান কৰে আনহাতে দ্বিতীয় আৰু তৃতীয় আঙুলিটোৱে সম্মুখৰ পিনে মুখ কৰি থাকে। এনেকুৱা প্ৰকৃতিৰ আঙুলিক জাইগ’ডেক্‌টাইলাছ (Zygodactylous) বুলি কোৱা হয়। হাকোটাযুক্ত জাইগ’ডেক্‌টাইলাছ আঙুলিৰ সহায়ত চৰাইবোৰে সৰু সৰু ডালত খামোচ মাৰি ধৰি উলম্ব গছত বগাই যাব পাৰে। উদাহৰণ: কাঠখোলা (Wood pecker), ভাটৌ (Parrot)। #জপটিয়াই ধৰা ঠেং (Clinging feet): এইবোৰ ঠেঙৰ হাকোটা যুক্ত আঙুলিবোৰ এনেকৈ সজ্জিত হৈ থাকে যাতে ইহঁতে ওখ আৰু ঠিয় পৰ্বতৰ বা গুহাৰ বেৰত জপটিয়াই এঠা লাগি ধৰি থাকিব পাৰে। এই প্ৰকৃতিৰ ঠেঙৰ চাৰিওটা আঙুলি সম্মুখৰ পিনে মুখ কৰি থাকে। ইহঁতৰ নখ বা হাকোটাবোৰ চোকা আৰু বেকা প্ৰকৃতিৰ। উদাহৰণ: বতাহী চৰাই, হামিং বাৰ্ড। #খোচৰা ঠেং (Scratching feet): এইবোৰ ঠেং খোজ কঢ়া আৰু খাদ্যৰ সন্ধানত মাটি বালি আদিত খোচৰা কামৰ বাবে উপযোগী। খোচৰা ঠেবোৰ দৃঢ় আৰু আঙুলিত থকা হাকোটাবোৰ শক্তিশালী। উদাহৰণ: মুৰ্গী চৰাই। #পক্ষীসাদ ঠেং (Perching feet): প্ৰায়বোৰ চৰাইৰে ঠেঙবোৰ এনেকুৱা প্ৰকৃতিৰ। এনেকুৱা ঠেঙৰ চৰাইবোৰে গছৰ ডালত বহোঁতে ডালটোত খামুচি ধৰিব পাৰে। এনেধৰণৰ ঠেঙত তিনিটা আঙুলি সম্মুখৰ পিনে মুখ কৰি থাকে আৰু এটা আঙুলি পিছফালে মুখ কৰি থাকে। উদাহৰণ: ঘন চিৰিকা, কাউৰী, কুলি ইত্যাদি। #সাঁতোৰা ঠেং (Swimming feet): পানীত সাঁতোৰা চৰাইবোৰৰ ঠেঙৰ আঙুলিৰ মাজত জালিকা থাকে। হাঁহ, পানী কাউৰী। #খামুচি ধৰিব পৰা ঠেং (Grasping feet): এইবোৰ ঠেঙৰ দ্বাৰা চৰাইটোৱো ভক্ষ প্ৰাণীক চিকাৰ কৰি আটক কৰিব পাৰে আৰু ভক্ষ প্ৰাণীটোক কঢ়িয়াই লৈ যাব পাৰে। ইহঁতৰ চাৰিওটা আঙুলি শক্তিশালী আৰু হাঁকোটাবোৰ অতি তীক্ষ্ণ। উদাহৰণ: ফেঁচা, ঈগল. চিলনী। #দ্ৰুতবেগী ঠেং (Cursorial or running feet): উৰিব নোৱাৰা চৰাইবোৰৰ ঠেংবোৰ শক্তিশালী আৰু আঙুলিৰ সংখ্যা কম। ইহঁতৰ টাৰছ’মেটাটাৰছাছ হাড়ডাল দীঘল। উদাহৰণ: উট চৰাই, ইমু, ৰিয়া। #ৱাডিং ঠেং (Wading feet): ৱাডিং ঠেংবোৰ পানীত থকা বোকাত খোজ কাঢ়িবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা ঠেং। ইহঁতৰ টাৰছ’মেটাটাৰছাছ আৰু ভৰিৰ আঙুলিবোৰ দীঘল তথা চুঙা আকৃতিৰ। উদাহৰণ: বগলী জাতীয় চৰাই। [[File:Eastern Phoebe-nest-Brown-headed-Cowbird-egg.jpg|thumb|alt= Nest made of straw with five white eggs and one grey speckled egg|Nest of an [[Eastern Phoebe]] that has been parasitised by a [[Brown-headed Cowbird]]]] চৰাইৰ উমনি দিয়া কাৰ্য্যই পোৱালিৰ গঠন বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজনীয় উষ্ণতা প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref name = "Gill"/> একগামী চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মতা-মাইকী দুয়ো মিলি উমনি দিয়ে।<ref name = "Gill"/> ====পোৱালিৰ যতন==== কণী ফুটি ওলোৱাৰ সময়ত চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি ভেদে পোৱালিবোৰ অসহায় বা আত্মনিৰ্ভৰশীল হ'ব পাৰে। একেবাৰে অসহায় আৰু মাক-দেউতাকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল পোৱালিক এল্ট্ৰিছিয়েল ([[:en:Altricial|altricial]])। এনে ধৰণৰ চৰাইৰ পোৱালিবোৰ আকাৰত সৰু, অন্ধ, পাখিবিহীন আৰু লৰচৰ কৰিব নোৱাৰা বিধৰ হয়। অন্যহাতে যিবিলাক পোৱালি জন্মতে চলিব পৰা আৰু নোমেৰে আবৃত হৈ থাকে সিহঁতক প্ৰিক'ছিয়েল ([[:en: Precocial|precocial]]) হয়। এলট্ৰিছিয়েল পোৱালিক প্ৰিক'ছিয়েল পোৱালিতকৈ বেছি যত্নৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয়। [[File:Calliope-nest edit.jpg|thumb|alt= Hummingbird perched on edge of tiny nest places food into mouth of one of two chicks|left|মাইকী কেলিঅ'প হামিংবাৰ্ড ([[Calliope Hummingbird]]) চৰায়ে পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক পোৱালিক খুৱাই থকা অৱস্থাত]] চৰাইৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰজাতি সমূহৰ ভিতৰত মাক-দেউতাকৰ পোৱালিৰ প্ৰতি যত্ন (parental care) পৰিমাণৰ তাৰতম্য ঘটা দেখা যায়। চূড়ান্ত পৰ্য্যায়ত মেগাপড ([[:en:Megapode|megapode]])নামৰ চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত কণী ফুটি পোৱালি জগিলেই মাক-দেউতাকৰ দায়িত্ব শেষ হয়। তাৰপিছত পোৱালিয়ে নিজে মাটিৰে বনোৱা বাহৰ পৰা মাটি খান্দি ওলাই আহে আৰু নিজৰ আহাৰ নিজে যোগাৰ কৰি লয়। <ref>Elliot A (1994). "Family Megapodiidae (Megapodes)" in ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]. Volume 2; New World Vultures to Guineafowl'' (eds del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J) Lynx Edicions:Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-15-6</ref> আনহাতে বহুতো সাগৰীয় চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ইয়াৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ বিপৰীত প্ৰতিচ্ছবি এখন দেখা যায়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে ফ্ৰিগেটবাৰ্ড ([[:en:Great Frigatebird|Great Frigatebird]]) নামৰ চৰাইবিধৰ পোৱালিৰ পাখি সম্পূৰ্ণকৈ গঁজিবলৈ প্ৰায় ছমাহ সময় লয় আৰু তাৰ পাছতো প্ৰায় ১৪ মাহ পৰ্যন্ত মাক-দেউতাকে পোৱালিক খাদ্য যোগাৰ কৰি দিয়ে। <ref>Metz VG, Schreiber EA (2002). "Great Frigatebird (''Fregata minor'')" In ''The Birds of North America, No 681'', (Poole, A. and Gill, F., eds) The Birds of North America Inc: Philadelphia</ref> কিছুমান চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতিৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মাক-দেউতাক দুয়ো মিলি পোৱালিৰ যত্ন লয়। অন্য কিছুমান প্ৰজাতিত আকৌ কেৱল মাক বা দেউতাকে অকলে পোৱালি ডাঙৰ কৰে। কিছুমান বিশেষ প্ৰজাতিত আকৌ পোৱালিৰ ওচৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় (যেনে-পূৰ্বৰ গোটত জন্মা একে মাক-দেউতাকৰ ডাঙৰ হোৱা পোৱালি) চৰায়ে মাক-দেউতাকক সহায় কৰে। <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ekman | first1 = J | year = 2006 | title = Family living amongst birds | url = | journal = [[Journal of Avian Biology]] | volume = 37 | issue = 4| pages = 289–98 | doi = 10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03666.x }}</ref>কাউৰী ([[:en:Corvidae|crows]]), অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়ান মেগপাই ([[:en:Australian Magpie:Australian Magpie]]), পখৰা মাছোৰোকা () আদি চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত এনেদৰে ওচৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় চৰয়ে সহায় কৰা দেখা যায়। <ref>{{Cite book|author=Cockburn A|editor=Floyd R, Sheppard A, de Barro P|title=Frontiers in Population Ecology|year=1996|publisher=CSIRO|location=Melbourne|isbn= |pages=21–42|chapter=Why do so many Australian birds cooperate? Social evolution in the Corvida}}</ref> প্ৰয়ভাগ জীৱ-জন্তুৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতে দেউতাকে পোৱালিৰ যত্ন লোৱা খুউব কমেই দেখা যায়। কিন্তু চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ই তুলনামূল ভাৱে সহজলভ্য। <ref name = "Gill"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cockburn|first=Andrew|year=2006|title=Prevalence of different modes of parental care in birds|doi=10.1098/rspb.2005.3458|journal=Proceedings: Biological Sciences|volume=273|issue=1592|pages=1375–83|pmid=16777726|month=June|issn=0962-8452|url=http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16777726|format=Free full text|pmc=1560291}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ====উমনি পৰজীৱী (Brood parasites)==== [[File:Reed warbler cuckoo.jpg|thumb|upright|right|alt= Small brown bird places an insect in the bill of much larger grey bird in nest| ৰিড ৱাৰ্বলাৰ ([[:en:Reed Warbler|Reed Warbler]] নামৰ চৰাইবিধে উমনি পৰাজীৱী কেতেকী চৰাই ([[:en:Common Cuckoo|Common Cuckoo]])ৰ এটা পোৱালি ডাঙৰ কৰিছে]] উমনি পৰজীৱিতা ([[:en:Brood parasitism|Brood parasitism]]) নামৰ পৰিঘটনাতো যথেষ্ট সংখ্যক চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত দেখা যায়। এনে চৰায়ে আন প্ৰজাতিৰ চৰাইৰ বাহত কণী পাৰে আৰু আনৰ হতুৱাই পোৱালিক ডাঙৰ কৰোৱায়। <ref name = "brood">Davies N (2000). ''Cuckoos, Cowbirds and other Cheats''. [[T. & A. D. Poyser]]: London ISBN 0-85661-135-2</ref> যাৰ বাহত উমনী পৰজীৱীয়ে কণী পাৰে সেই চৰাইটোৱে কণীটো চিনিব নোৱাৰি নিজৰ আনবোৰ কণীৰ দৰেই উমনি দিয়ে। উমনি পৰজীৱীতা দেখা পোৱাৰ প্ৰধান কাৰণ বোৰৰ ভিতৰত নিজে বাহ সাজি কণী উমনি দিয়াত অক্ষমতা, আনৰ বাহতো পোৱালি জগাই প্ৰজনন অধিক সফল কৰাৰ উদেশ্য হ'ব পাৰে। <ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1093/beheco/8.2.153 | last1 = Sorenson | first1 = M | year = 1997 | title = Effects of intra- and interspecific brood parasitism on a precocial host, the canvasback, ''Aythya valisineria'' | url = http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/8/2/153.pdf | journal = Behavioral Ecology | volume = 8 | issue = 2| pages = 153–61 }}</ref> উমনী পৰজীৱীসমূহৰ ভিতৰত কুলি চৰায়ে আটাইতকৈ বেছি জনাজাত যদিও এনে এশৰো অধিক প্ৰজাতি পোৱা যায়। <ref name = "brood"/> == মানৱ সমাজত গুৰুত্ব == পাৰিপাৰ্শ্বিকতাৰ কথা বাদ দিলেও, মানৱ সমাজত চৰাইৰ গুৰুত্ত অপৰিসীম। পৃথিৱীৰ প্ৰায় সকলোবোৰ লোককৃষ্টিত চৰাইৰ উপস্থিত লক্ষ্য কৰিবলগীয়া। সৌন্দৰ্যৰ প্ৰতীক হিচাপে মানৱ সভ্যতাত চৰাইৰ এক বিশেষ স্থান আছে। তদুপৰি চৰাইৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক দিশতো অনেক অৱদান আছে, বিভিন্ন চৰাইৰ মাংস, বিভিন্ন খাদ্য প্ৰণালীৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ। [[File:Industrial-Chicken-Coop.JPG|thumb|alt= Two rows of cages in a dark barn with many white chickens in each cage|right|[[Industrial farming]] of [[chicken]]s]] চৰাই সততে দেখা পোৱা যায় বাবে মানুহৰ লগত চৰাইৰ সম্বন্ধ মানৱজাতিৰ জন্মলগ্নৰপৰাই চলি আহিছে।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bonney|first=Rick | last2 = Rohrbaugh, Jr.| first2 = Ronald|title=Handbook of Bird Biology|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdbi0000unse| place= Princeton, NJ|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2004| edition = Second|isbn=0-938027-62-X}}</ref> কেতিয়াবা এনে সম্বন্ধ 'পৰস্পৰ সহজীৱি' ([[:en:Mutualism (biology)|mutualistic]]), যেনে 'মৌ-বিচৰা চৰাই'ৰ ([[:en:honeyguide|honeyguide]]) লগত আফ্ৰিকাৰ 'ব'ৰানা' ([[:en:Borana people|Borana]]) সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ মানুহৰ।<ref>Dean W, Siegfried R, MacDonald I (1990). "The Fallacy, Fact, and Fate of Guiding Behavior in the Greater Honeyguide". ''Conservation Biology'' '''4''' (1) 99–101. [http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1990.tb00272.x Blackwell-PDF]</ref> আন ক্ষেত্ৰত, যেনে [[ঘৰচিৰিকা]]ৰ লগত মানুহৰ সম্বন্ধ 'সহভোজী' প্ৰকাৰৰ ([[:en:Commensalism|commensal]]), য'ত মানুহৰ দৈনন্দিন কাম-কাজৰপৰা ঘৰচিৰিকাই খাদ্যবস্তু লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite journal | last1= Singer | first1= R. | last2= Yom-Tov | first2= Y. | title= The Breeding Biology of the House Sparrow Passer domesticus in Israel | journal= Ornis Scandinavica | volume= 19 | issue= 2 | pages= 139–44 | year= 1988 |doi= 10.2307/3676463 | jstor=3676463}}</ref> কেবাবিধ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি শস্য-বিনস্তকাৰী,<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1990.tb01048.x | last1 = Dolbeer | first1 = R | year = 1990 | title = Ornithology and integrated pest management: Red-winged blackbirds ''Agleaius phoeniceus'' and corn | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_ibis_1990-04_132_2/page/309| journal = [[Ibis (journal)|Ibis]] | volume = 132 | issue = 2| pages = 309–22 }}</ref>, আৰু কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত চৰাইৰ দ্বাৰা 'পক্ষী-সংকট' ([[:en:bird strike|aviation hazard]]) হোৱাৰো সম্ভাৱনা থাকে।<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dolbeer | first1 = R | last2 = Belant | first2 = J | last3 = Sillings | first3 = J | year = 1993 | title = Shooting Gulls Reduces Strikes with Aircraft at John F. Kennedy International Airport | url = | journal = Wildlife Society Bulletin | volume = 21 | issue = | pages = 442–50 }}</ref> মানুহৰ কৰ্ম-কাণ্ডৰপৰাই চৰাইৰ ক্ষতি হ'ব পাৰে, আৰু মানুহৰ বিভিন্ন কাৰ্য, যেনে চিকাৰ, পক্ষী-সীহ-বিষৰ প্ৰয়োগ, কীটনাশক দ্ৰৱ্যৰ প্ৰয়োগ, বাহনৰ খুন্দা, অন্য পোহনীয়া জন্তৰ দ্বাৰা হত্যা আদিৰে কেবাবিধ চৰাইৰ বিলুপ্ত হৈছে বা বিলুপ্ত হোৱাৰ উপক্ৰম ঘটিছে। চৰাই কিছুমান ৰোগৰ বীজাণু বিয়পোৱা মাধ্যমো হ'ব পাৰে, যেনে ছিটাক'ছিছ ([[:en:psittacosis|psittacosis]]), ছালম'নেল'ছিছ ([[:en:salmonellosis|salmonellosis]]), কেম্পাইল'বেক্টৰিঅ'ছিছ ([[:en:campylobacteriosis|campylobacteriosis]]), মাইক'বেক্টেৰিঅ'ছিছ ([[পক্ষী যক্ষ্মা]]), [[পক্ষী জ্বৰ]], জিয়াৰডিয়েছিছ ([[:en:giardiasis]]) আৰু ক্ৰিপ্ট'স্প'ৰিডিঅ'ছিছ ([[:en:cryptosporidiosis]])। ইয়াৰোপৰি জীৱ-জন্তুৰ শৰীৰৰপৰা কিছুমান ৰোগ পক্ষীয়ে বৃহৎ দূৰত্বত থকা মানৱ-দেহলৈ বিয়পাব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.3121/cmr.1.1.5 | last1 = Reed | first1 = KD | last2 = Meece | first2 = JK | last3 = Henkel | first3 = JS | last4 = Shukla | first4 = SK | title = Birds, Migration and Emerging Zoonoses: West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease, Influenza A and Enteropathogens | journal = Clinical medicine & research | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 5–12 | year = 2003 | pmid = 15931279 | pmc = 1069015 }}</ref> ===অৰ্থনৈতিক গুৰুত্ব=== ঘৰচীয়া চৰায়ে মানুহক মাংস আৰু কণী যোগান ধৰে যি মানূহৰ বাবে প্ৰটিনৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ উৎস। এক তথ্য অনুসৰি ২০০৩ চনত সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বযুৰি ৭৬ মিলিয়ন টন ঘৰচীয়া চৰাইৰ মাংস আৰু ৬১ মিলিয়ন টন কণী উৎপাদন হৈছিল। <ref>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Lester |authorlink1= |last2= |first2= |editor1-first= |editor1-last= |editor1-link= |others= |title=Outgrowing the Earth: The Food Security Challenge in an Age of Falling Water Tables and Rising Temperatures |url=http://www.earth-policy.org/datacenter/xls/book_ote_ch3_2.xls |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year=2005 |month= |origyear= |publisher=earthscan |location= |language= |isbn=978-1844071852 |oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages= |chapter=3: Moving Up the Food Chain Efficiently. |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= |archivedate=2016-03-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222521/http://www.earth-policy.org/datacenter/xls/book_ote_ch3_2.xls }}</ref> মাংসৰ বাবে বহুটো চৰাই চিকাৰো কৰা হয়। উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণ আমেৰিকাত খাদ্যৰ বাবে চিকাৰ কৰা চৰাইসমূহৰ ভিতৰত জলচৰ চৰাই (waterfowl), কুকুৰা-জাতীয় চৰাই (pheasant), কপৌ, ক্কুৱেইল (quail), পাৰট্ৰিজ (partridge), গ্ৰাউজ (grouse) আদি উল্লেখযোগ্য।<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Simeone | first1 = A | last2 = Navarro | first2 = X | year = 2002 | title = Human exploitation of seabirds in coastal southern Chile during the mid-Holocene | url=http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2002000200012&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en | journal = Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat | volume = 75 | issue = 2| pages = 423–31 | doi = 10.4067/S0716-078X2002000200012 }}</ref> যদিও কিছুমান বিশেষ চৰাইৰ চিকাৰ বহনক্ষম (sustainable), চিকাৰে প্ৰায়ভাগ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতিৰে জনসংখ্যাত বিৰূপ প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে আৰু ইহঁতক বিলুপ্তিৰ পথলৈ থেলি দিছে। <ref>{{cite journal | last1=Keane | first1=Aidan | last2=Brooke | first2=M.de L. | last3=McGowan | first3=P.J.K. | title=Correlates of extinction risk and hunting pressure in gamebirds (Galliformes) | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_2005-11_126_2/page/216 | journal=Biological Conservation | volume=126 | pages=216–33 | year=2005 |doi= 10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.011 | issue=2}}</ref> [[File:FishingCormorants.jpg|thumb|upright|alt= Illustration of fisherman on raft with pole for punting and numerous black birds on raft|The use of cormorants by Asian fishermen is in steep decline but survives in some areas as a tourist attraction.]] চৰাইৰ পৰা পোৱা বাণিজ্যিকভাৱে মূল্যৱান পদাৰ্থ হৈছে কাপোৰ আৰু শুৱাৰ বিভিন্ন সামগ্ৰীত ব্যৱহৃত পাখি (বিশেষকৈ হাঁহজাতীয় চৰাইৰ পাখি), ফছফৰাছ আৰু নাইট্ৰজেনৰ মূল্যৱান উৎস হিচাপে সাগৰীয় চৰাইৰ মল ইত্যাদি। <ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.zum.de/whkmla/military/19cen/guanowar.html|title= The Guano War of 1865–1866.|publisher= World History at KMLA|accessdate=18 December 2007}}</ref> বাণিজ্যিক লাভৰ বাবে বহুতো চৰাইক মানুহে পোহে। ৰঙীন চৰাই যেনে ভাটৌ (Parrot) আদি মানুহে পোহাৰ বাবে বাহিৰৰ পৰা বেআইনী ভাৱে চোৰাংকৈ ইয়াক অনা হয়।<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0030605306000056 | last1 = Cooney | first1 = R | last2 = Jepson | first2 = P | year = 2006 | title = The international wild bird trade: what's wrong with blanket bans? | url = http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=409231 | journal = Oryx | volume = 40 | issue = 1| pages = 18–23 }}</ref> চৰাইৰ প্ৰতি মানুহৰ আকৰ্ষণো যথেষ্ট। সেইবাবেই অপেচাদাৰী পক্ষী নিৰীক্ষকৰ সংখ্যাও সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বত প্ৰতিদিনে বৃদ্ধি পাই গৈছে। <ref>Pullis La Rouche, G. (2006). Birding in the United States: a demographic and economic analysis. ''Waterbirds around the world.'' Eds. G.C. Boere, C.A. Galbraith and D.A. Stroud. [[The Stationery Office]], Edinburgh, UK. pp. 841–46. [http://www.jncc.gov.uk/PDF/pub07_waterbirds_part6.2.5.pdf JNCC.gov.uk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304124708/http://www.jncc.gov.uk/PDF/pub07_waterbirds_part6.2.5.pdf |date=2011-03-04 }}, PDF</ref> ===ধৰ্ম আৰু লোক-সংস্কৃতিত=== [[File:Vogel Drei (Meister der Spielkarten).jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt= Woodcut of three long-legged and long-necked birds|"The 3 of Birds" by the [[Master of the Playing Cards]], 15th century Germany]] চৰায়ে লোকগাঁথা (folklore), ধৰ্ম, আৰু লোক-সংস্কৃতি (popular culture)ত ভিন্ন ভিন্ন ৰূপত এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা গ্ৰহণ কৰি আহিছে। ধৰ্মৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত চৰায়ে বাৰ্তাবাহক ৰূপে ভূমিকা লোৱাৰ কথা বিভিন্ন আখ্যানৰ পৰা জানিব পৰা যায়।<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Routledge | first1 = S | last2 = Routledge | first2 = K | year = 1917 | title = The Bird Cult of Easter Island | url = | journal = Folklore | volume = 28 | issue = 4| pages = 337–55 }}</ref> প্ৰাগ-ঐতিহাসিক যুগৰ পৰাই চৰায়ে কলা-কৃষ্টিত বিভিন্ন ভূমিকা পালন কৰি আহিছে। পোন-প্ৰথম চৰাইৰ এনে ভূমিকাৰ কথা গুহা চিত্ৰ সমূহৰ পৰা গম পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{cite journal | last1=Meighan | first1=C. W. | title=Prehistoric Rock Paintings in Baja California | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-antiquity_1966-01_31_3/page/372 | journal=American Antiquity | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=372–92 | year=1966 |doi= 10.2307/2694739 | jstor=2694739}}</ref> পিছলৈ চৰাইক ধৰ্মীয় বা কলা সম্পৰ্কীয় কাম কাজত উচ্চাত্মক চিহ্ন হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে মোগলৰ অধপতি সকলৰ মুকুটত ময়ূৰ চৰাইৰ পাখি সজাই লোৱা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Clarke | first1 = CP | year = 1908 | title = A Pedestal of the Platform of the Peacock Throne | journal = The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin | volume = 3 | issue = 10| pages = 182–83 | doi = 10.2307/3252550 | jstor=3252550}}</ref> চৰাইৰ ওপৰত বৈজ্ঞানিক জ্ঞান বৃদ্ধিৰ স্পৃহা বঢ়াৰ লগে লগে চৰাইৰ চিত্ৰ অঁকাও উল্লেখযোগ্য ভাৱে বৃদ্ধি পালে। এনেকৈ চৰাইৰ প্ৰতিচ্ছি অঁকা বিশ্ব-বিশ্ৰুত চিত্ৰকাৰ কেইজনৰ ভিতৰত [[:en:John James Audubon|John James Audubon]] অন্যতম। তেওঁৰ উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ চৰাইসমূহৰ চিত্ৰই সমগ্ৰ ইউৰোপত বিশেষ সমাদৰ লাভ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{cite journal | last1=Boime | first1=Albert | title=John James Audubon: a birdwatcher's fanciful flights | url=https://archive.org/details/art-history_1999-12_22_5/page/728 | journal=Art History | volume=22 | pages=728–55 | year=1999 |doi= 10.1111/1467-8365.00184 | issue=5}}</ref> কবিতাটো চৰাইৰ উল্লেখ প্ৰায়েই দেখা যায়। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে হ'মাৰে [[ওডিছি]] মহাকাব্যত নাইটিংগল চৰাইক অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰিছে। <ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Chandler | first1 = A | year = 1934 | title = The Nightingale in Greek and Latin Poetry | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_classical-journal_1934-11_30_2/page/78| journal = The Classical Journal | volume = 30 | issue = 2| pages = 78–84 | jstor = 3289944 }}</ref> বিভিন্ন লোক সংস্কৃতিৰ মাজত চৰাইৰ ভূমিকাও ভিন্ন। উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে আফ্ৰিকাৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলত ফেঁচাক দুৰ্ভাগ্য, ডাইনী আৰু মৃত্যুৰ স'তে জড়িত কৰা হয়<ref>Enriquez PL, Mikkola H (1997). "Comparative study of general public owl knowledge in Costa Rica, Central America and Malawi, Africa". pp. 160–66 In: J.R. Duncan, D.H. Johnson, T.H. Nicholls, (Eds). ''Biology and conservation of owls of the Northern Hemisphere. General Technical Report NC-190'', USDA Forest Service, St. Paul, Minnesota. 635 pp.</ref> কিন্তু ইউৰোপৰ প্ৰায়ভাগ অঞ্চলত ইয়াক আকৌ জ্ঞানী বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>Lewis DP (2005). [http://www.owlpages.com/articles.php?section=Owl+Mythology&title=Myth+and+Culture Owlpages.com], Owls in Mythology and Culture. Retrieved on 15 September 2007</ref>। তেনেদৰে [[কাকৈশিৰা]]ক প্ৰাচীন ইজিপ্টত পবিত্ৰ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল কিন্তু ইউৰোপত ইয়াক চোৰৰ শাৰীত ৰখা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dupree | first1 = N | year = 1974 | title = An Interpretation of the Role of the Hoopoe in Afghan Folklore and Magic | url = | journal = Folklore | volume = 85 | issue = 3| pages = 173–93 | jstor = 1260073 }}</ref> == সংৰক্ষণ == দুখৰ বিষয়, ১৭শ শতিকাৰ পৰা বৰ্তমানলৈকে, মানুহৰ অবিবেচক কাৰ্য্যৰ পৰিণতিত প্ৰায় ১২০-১৩০ বিধ মান চৰাই পৃথিৱীৰ বুকুৰ পৰা নোহোৱা হৈ গ’ল। বৰ্তমানো প্ৰায় ১২০০টা মান প্ৰজাতিৰ চৰাইৰ অবস্থা সংকটজনক বুলি গম পোৱা গৈছে। [[File:California-Condor3-Szmurlo edit.jpg|thumb|right|alt= Large black bird with featherless head and hooked bill|upright|The [[California Condor]] once numbered only 22 birds, but conservation measures have raised that to over 300 today.]] যদিও মানুহৰ কাৰ্য্যকলাপে চৰাইৰ কিছুমান প্ৰজাতিৰ যেনে 'Barn Swallow' আৰু 'European Starling' আদিৰ বিস্তৃতিত সহায় কৰিছে, তাতোকৈ বহু বেছি পৰিমাণে প্ৰজাতিৰ বিলুপ্তিকৰণত অধিক প্ৰভাৱিত কৰিছে। ঐতিহাসিকভাৱে এশৰো অধিক চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি বিলুপ্ত হোৱাৰ তথ্য পোৱা যায়<ref>Fuller E (2000). ''Extinct Birds'' (2nd ed.). [[Oxford University Press]], Oxford, New York. ISBN 0-19-850837-9</ref>যদিও শেহতীয়াকৈ প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰীয় দ্বীপ সমূহত মানুহৰ আবাদী আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ সময়ত মানুহৰ অদুৰদৰ্শী কাৰ্য্যকলাপৰ বলি হৈ নাটকীয় ভাৱে ৭৫০-১৮০০টা চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি বিলুপ্ত হৈ গৈছিল। <ref>Steadman D (2006). ''Extinction and Biogeography in Tropical Pacific Birds'', University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77142-7</ref> বৰ্তমান সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বতে এক বুজন পৰিমাণৰ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি বিলুপ্তিৰ পথত আগবাঢ়িছে। ইয়াৰে ১,২২৭টা প্ৰজাতি ২০০৯ চনত আই. ইউ. চি. এনৰ ৰেড লিষ্টত সংকটপূৰ্ণ (threatened) অৱস্থাত থকা প্ৰজাতি বুলি চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে। <ref>{{Cite web|title=BirdLife International announces more Critically Endangered birds than ever before |publisher=[[Birdlife International]] |date=14 May 2009 |url=http://www.birdlife.org/news/pr/2009/05/red_list.html |accessdate=15 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/8045971.stm |first=Mark |last=Kinver |title=Birds at risk reach record high |publisher= BBC News Online |date=13 May 2009 |accessdate=15 May 2009}}</ref> চৰাইৰ বিলুপ্ত হোৱাৰ আটাইতকৈ আলোচিত কাৰণটো হ'ল মানুহে কৰা পৰিৱেশ বিনষ্টিকৰণ আৰু তাৰ ফলত হোৱা বাসস্থান ধ্বংসৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়া (Habitat loss)।<ref>Norris K, Pain D (eds, 2002). ''Conserving Bird Biodiversity: General Principles and their Application'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-78949-3</ref> অন্যান্য কাৰণ সমূহ হ'ল, চোৰাং-চিকাৰ, প্ৰয়োজনাধিক মাছ মৰা,<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0006-3207(91)90031-4 | last1 = Brothers | first1 = NP | year = 1991 | title = Albatross mortality and associated bait loss in the Japanese longline fishery in the southern ocean | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_1991_55_3/page/255| journal = Biological Conservation | volume = 55 | issue = 3| pages = 255–68 }}</ref> পৰিৱেশ প্ৰদুষণ, কীটনাশকৰ ব্যৱহাৰ<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Wurster | first1 = D | last2 = Wurster | first2 = C | last3 = Strickland | first3 = W | year = 1965 | title = Bird Mortality Following DDT Spray for Dutch Elm Disease | url =https://archive.org/details/ecology_early-summer-1965_46_4/page/488| journal = Ecology | volume = 46 | issue = 4| pages = 488–99 | doi =10.2307/1934880 }}; {{cite journal | doi= 10.1126/science.148.3666.90 | title= Bird Mortality after Spraying for Dutch Elm Disease with DDT | url= https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1965-04-02_148_3666/page/90 | year= 1965 | last1= Wurster | first1= C. F. | last2= Wurster | first2= D. H. | last3= Strickland | first3= W. N. | journal= Science | volume= 148 | issue= 3666 | pages= 90–91 | pmid= 14258730 }}</ref>, নতুনকৈ সংস্থাপিত হোৱা বহিৰাগত প্ৰজাতি (nonnative invasive species)ৰ স'তে হোৱা প্ৰতিযোগিতা,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Blackburn | first1 = T | last2 = Cassey | first2 = P | last3 = Duncan | first3 = R | last4 = Evans | first4 = K | last5 = Gaston | first5 = K | year = 2004 | title = Avian Extinction and Mammalian Introductions on Oceanic Islands | url =https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2004-09-24_305_5692/page/1955| journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume = 305 | issue = 5692| pages = 1955–58 | doi = 10.1126/science.1101617 | pmid=15448269}}</ref> আৰু গোলকীয় বতৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন (Climate change) ইত্যাদি। চৰকাৰ তথা পৰিৱেশ সংৰক্ষণৰ কৰ্মী সকলে উপযুক্ত আইনৰ সহায় লৈ আৰু পৰিৱেশ restoration (ecological restoration) ৰে চৰাইৰ বাসস্থানৰ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা দিয়ে বা প্ৰয়োজন সাপেক্ষে captive breeding আৰু পুনৰ সংস্থাপন (reintroduction)ৰ বাবেও পদক্ষেপ হাতত লোৱা দেখা যায়। এনে পদক্ষেপসমূহ আংশিক ভাৱে হ'লেও সফল হৈছে বুলি কব পাৰি। এটা গৱাষণাত গম পোৱা গৈছিল যে এনেধৰণৰ পসক্ষেপ সমূহে ১৯৯৪ ৰ পৰা ২০০৪ ৰ ভিতৰত অতি কমেও ১৬ বিধ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি বিলুপ্ত হোৱাৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা কৰিব পাৰিছে।<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1017/S0030605306000950 | last1 = Butchart | first1 = S | last2 = Stattersfield | first2 = A | last3 = Collar | first3 = N | year = 2006 | title = How many bird extinctions have we prevented? | url = http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2006/08/butchart_et_al_2006.pdf | journal = Oryx | volume = 40 | issue = 3| pages = 266–79 }}</ref> {{-}} =====চৰাইৰ উৰণ পেশী আৰু উৰণ ক্ৰিয়াবিধি===== '''উৰণ পেশী''': চৰাইবোৰে ডেউকা দুখন ওপৰ তলকৈ কোৱাই বতাহত উৰিব পাৰে। চৰাইৰ আগ ঠেং দুখন ৰূপান্তৰিত হৈ ডেউকাৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে। উৰণ কাৰ্যৰ বাবে চৰাইৰ কিছুমান শক্তিশালী উৰন পেশী থাকে। এই পেশীবোৰ উৰোস্থি (Sternum) আৰু উৰোস্থিৰ তলত থকা তৰীদলৰ (Keel) লগত সংযুক্ত হৈ থাকে। উৰণ পেশীবোৰ যথেষ্ট ডাঙৰ। এই উৰণ পেশীবোৰ তলত দিয়া ধৰণৰ। ১. বক্ষ পেশী (Pecoral muscles): উৰণ কাৰ্যত সহায় কৰিবলৈ অতি প্ৰয়োজনীয় পেশী হ’ল বক্ষ পেশী। ই দুই প্ৰকাৰৰ, যেনে – বৃহৎ বক্ষ পেশী (Pectoralis major) আৰু লঘু বক্ষ পেশী (Pectoralis minor)। এই পেশীবোৰৰ কাম হ’ল ডেউকা দুখনক টানি আৰু এৰি দি ডেউকা দুখনক তল- ওপৰ কৰোৱা। এই পেশী দুটা উৰোস্থিৰ তৰীদল আৰু ডেউকাত লাগি থাকে। *ক) বৃহৎ বক্ষ পেশী (Pectoralis major): তৰীদল (Keel) আৰু জক্ৰকৰ (Clavicle) অংকদেশৰ দুয়োফালৰ পৰা বৃহৎ বক্ষ পেশী দুটুকুৰা মুক্ত হৈ চৰাইটোৰ বুকু অংশৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছে। ই ত্ৰিভুজ আকৃতিৰ আৰু আন পেশীবোৰতকৈ আকৃতিত ডাঙৰ আৰু শক্তিশালী। বৃহৎ পেশীৰ সম্মুখৰ পিনে থকা বহল আৰু চেপেটা কণ্ডৰাডাল (Tendon) হিউমেৰাছৰ মুণ্ডৰ অংকীয় দিশত সোমাই পৰে। এই পেশীয়ে ডেউকাখনক তলৰ পিনে টানি অনাত সহায় কৰে। এই পেশীৰ সংকোচনৰ সময়ত ডেউকাখন তলৰ পিনে নামি আহে আৰু সম্মুখৰ পিনে আগবাঢ়ি যায়। ইয়াৰ ক্ৰিয়াৰ ফলত চৰাইটো ওপৰলৈ উঠিব পাৰে আৰু বতাহৰ মাজেৰে সম্মুখৰ পিনে আগুৱাব পাৰে। *খ) লঘু বক্ষপেশী (Pectoralis minor): সৰু আৰু দীঘলীয়া আকৃতিৰ অংকীয় বক্ষপেশীয়ে চৰাইৰ ডেউকাখন ওপৰলৈ উঠোৱাত সহায় কৰে। চৰাইৰ এই লঘু বক্ষপেশীটো বৃহৎ বক্ষপেশীৰ তলৰফালে তৰীদল আৰু দেহৰ মাজৰ কোণটোত লাগি থাকে। পেশীটোৰ সম্মুখৰ ফালে থকা দীঘল আৰু ঠেক কণ্ডৰাডাল ত্ৰি অস্থি ৰন্ধ্ৰৰ (Foramen triossum) মাজেদি সোমাই সোমাই ওপৰলৈ উঠি হিউমেৰাছৰ মুণ্ডৰ ট্ৰচেণ্টাৰত (Trochanter) সোমায়। ত্ৰি অস্থি ৰন্ধ্ৰটো ক্লেভিক’ল (Clavicle), কোৰাক’ইড (Coracoid) আৰু স্কাপুলাৰ মাজত থকা এটা ফাক বা খোলা অংশ। লঘু বক্ষ পেশীয়ে ডেউকাখন ওপৰলৈ উঠোৱাত সহায় কৰে বাবে ইয়াক উত্তোলন পেশী (Elevator muscle) বোলা হয়। এই পেশীৰ সংকোচন ঘটিলে ইয়াৰ লগত সংযুক্ত কণ্ডৰাডালে হিউমেৰাছডালক পিছলৈ আৰু ওপৰলৈ টানে বাবে উৰণৰ সময়ত ডেউকাখন ওপৰলৈ ডাং খাই উঠে। এই কাৰ্যত ত্ৰি অস্থি ৰন্ধ্ৰটোৱে কপিকলৰ দৰে কাম কৰে। ২. সহায়ক পেশী (Accessory muscles): চৰাইৰ উৰণ ক্ৰিয়াত সহায় কৰিবলৈ বক্ষ পেশীৰ উপৰিও আন কিছুমান সহায়ক পেশীও থাকে। বক্ষ পেশীৰ ঠিক তলতে ত্ৰিভুজ আকৃতিৰ কৰাক’ব্ৰেকিয়েলিছ লংগাছ (Coraco brachialis longus) নামৰ আন এটুকুৰা পেশী থাকে। এই পেশীটো কোৰাককিড আৰু উৰোস্থিৰ পৰ্শুকী বা কষ্টেল প্ৰবৰ্ধৰ (Costal process) পৰা ওলায় আৰু ইয়াৰ ঠেক কণ্ডৰা অংশ প্ৰগণ্ডিআস্থি মুণ্ডৰ পিছফালে লাগি থাকে। এই প্ৰশীয়ে ডেউকাখনত তললৈ নমোৱাত সহায় কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও কৰাক’ব্ৰেকিয়েলিছ লংগাছৰ (Coraco brachialis longus) সম্মুখৰ পিনে কৰাক’ ব্ৰেকিয়েলিছ ব্ৰিভিছ (Coraco brachialis brevis) নামৰ আন এটুকুৰা সৰু ঠেক পেশীয়েও উৰণত সহায় কৰে। ৩. আভ্যন্তৰিক পেশী (Intrensic muscles): আভ্যন্তৰিক পেশীবোৰো উৰণৰ বাবে আতি লাগতিয়াল। ইয়াৰে ভিতৰত বাহুৰ বাইচেপ (Biceps) আৰু ট্ৰাইচেপ (Triceps) পেশী উল্লেখযোগ্য। এই পেশী দুটাই উৰণৰ সময়ত কিলাকুটিটো ঘূৰোৱাত সহায় কৰে। পূৰ্ব-বাহুৰ (Fore arm) এক্সটেনছৰ কাৰ্পি ৰেডিয়েলিছ (Extensor carpi radialis) আৰু এক্সটেনছৰ কাৰ্পি আলনেৰিছ (Exensor carpi ulnaris) নামৰ পেশী দুটাই ডেউকাখন জপোৱা আৰু মেলাত সহায় কৰে। আকৌ দুডাল ব্ৰেকিঅ’ ৰেডিয়েলিছ (Brachio-radialis) পেশীয়ে ৰেডিয়াছ (Radius) অস্থিডালক ঘূৰোৱাত সহায় কৰে। অতিশয় হ্ৰাসপ্ৰাপ্ত ডিজিটেল পেশীবোৰে (Digital muscles) উৰণৰ সময়ত পৃথক অংশসমূহ আনকি পাখিবিলাককো ঘুৰা মেলাত সহায় কৰে। আন এটুকুৰা পলিছিছ পেশীয়ে প্ৰথম আঙুলিত লাগি থকা এলুলা বা বাষ্টাৰ্ড ডেউকাখনক (Alula or bastard wing) স্বাধীন ভাবে লৰাচৰা কৰাত সহায় কৰে। ৪. তানিকা পেশী (Tensor muscles): উৰণৰ সময়ত চৰাইটোৱে ডেউকাখন মেলাৰ সময়ত টেন্সৰ লংগাছ (Tensor longus), টেন্সৰ ব্ৰিভিছ (Tensor brevis) আৰু টেন্সৰ এক্সেছৰিয়াছ (Tensor accessorius) নামৰ তিনিবিধ তানিকা পেশীয়ে প্ৰি-পেটাজিয়ামখন (Pre-patagium) সম্পূৰ্ণকে মেলি ৰাখে। এনে ধৰণৰ আন এটুকুৰা টেন্সৰ পষ্টিৰিয়াছ (Tensor posterius) নামৰ পেশীয়ে উৰণৰ সময়ত পেটাজিয়ামখনক (Patagium) বহলকৈ মেলি ৰাখে। '''উৰণ ক্ৰিয়াবিধি (Mechanism of Flight)''': চৰাইৰ আকৃতি অনুসৰি উৰণৰ আৰম্ভণি ক্ৰিয়াবিধিও বেলেগ হয়। সৰু চৰাইবোৰে উৰাৰ আগে আগে ঠেং দুখনৰ সহায়ত এটা জাপ মাৰে। এই জাপটোৱে উৰিবৰ বাবে চৰাইটোক শক্তি যোগায়। ডাঙৰ আকৃতিৰ চৰাইৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত উৰণ কাৰ্যৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ বাবে যথেষ্ট শক্তিৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয়। সেয়েহে শক্তি গোটাবৰ বাবে চৰাইটোৱে প্ৰথমতে কিছুদূৰ জোৰেৰে দৌৰ মাৰে নাইবা সাঁতোৰে যাতে মাটি এৰি বতাহত যাবলৈ পৰ্যাপ্ত পৰিমাণে বল আৰু উল্লাস পায়। উৰাৰ আৰম্ভণিত চৰাইটোৱে ডেউকাখন তলমুৱাকৈ আৰু পিছৰ ফালে কোৱাবলৈ ধৰে যাৰ ফলত প্ৰকৃত উৰণ আৰম্ভ হয়। আকৌ নামিবৰ সময়ত ডেউকা দুখন ওপৰলৈ আৰু আগলৈ কোৱাই কোৱাই চৰাইটো মাটিলৈ বা নিৰ্দিষ্ট স্থানলৈ নামি আহে। চৰাইৰ প্ৰকৃত উৰণ পেশী হ’ল বৃহৎ বক্ষ পেশী। বৃহৎ বক্ষ পেশীৰ সংকোচনে ডেউকাখনক তলৰপিনে কোবাবলৈ শক্তি যোগায় যাৰ ফলত চৰাইটো ওপৰলৈ উঠে। ডেউকা দুখন তললৈ কোবোৱাৰ ফলত উত্তোলন বলৰ (Lift force) সৃষ্টি হয় আৰু চৰাইটো ওপৰলৈ উঠিবলৈ ধৰে। আকৌ বতাহৰ সোঁত ডেউকাৰ ওপৰেদি যোৱাৰ ফলত ওপৰৰ বায়ু চাপ কম হয় আৰু ইও চৰাইটোক কিছু ওপৰলৈ উঠাত সহায় কৰে। লঘু বক্ষ পেশীৰ সংকোচনে ডেউকা দুখনক ওপৰলৈ কোবোৱাত সহায় কৰে। ওপৰ ফালে কোবোৱাৰ ফলত ডেউকা দুখন আংশিক ভাবে জাপ খায় আৰু ডেউকাৰ মাজেৰে বায়ু পাৰ হৈ যাব পাৰে। ইয়াৰ ফলত চৰাইটো লাহে লাহে তললৈ নামি আহিবলৈ ধৰে। চৰাইৰ পুচ্ছ পাখিসমূহে বঠাৰ দৰে কাম কৰে। পুচ্ছ পাখিসমূহ ওপৰলৈ ডাঙি ধৰিলে চৰাইটো ওপৰমূৰা হয় আৰু তলফালে নমাই দিলে চৰাইটো তলমূৱা হয়। নামিবৰ সময়ত চৰাইটোৱে পুচ্ছ পাখিবোৰ তললৈ নমাই দি বিছনীৰ দৰে কোবাৱাৰ ফলত ব্ৰেকৰ কাম কৰে আৰু লগে লগে ই ঠেং দুখন তললৈ নমাই দি গছৰ ডালত বা আন কোনো ঠাইত নামি পৰে। ==লগতে চাওক== * [[অসমত দেখা চৰাইবোৰ]] ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commonscat|Aves|চৰাই}} *[http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?lang=EN&pg=home Avibase] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081020193845/http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?lang=EN |date=2008-10-20 }}—The World Bird Database *[http://www.birdlife.org/ Birdlife International]—Dedicated to bird conservation worldwide; has a database with about 250,000 records on endangered bird species. *[http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdbiogeography1.htm Bird biogeography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304043432/http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdbiogeography1.htm |date=2007-03-04 }} *[http://www.audubon.org/bird/index.html Birds and Science] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810134957/http://www.audubon.org/bird/index.html |date=2010-08-10 }} from the [[National Audubon Society]] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210311215916/https://www.birds.cornell.edu/ Cornell Lab of Ornithology] * {{eol|695}} *[http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/completed_essays.html Essays on bird biology] *[http://www.i-o-c.org/IOComm/index.htm International Ornithological Committee] *[http://www.mrnussbaum.com/birdsindex.htm North American Birds for Kids] *[http://www.ornithology.com/ Ornithology] *[http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/index.php Sora] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026070526/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/index.php |date=2011-10-26 }}—Searchable online research archive; Archives of the following ornithological journals [[The Auk]], [[Condor (journal)|Condor]], Journal of Field Ornithology, North American Bird Bander, Studies in Avian Biology, Pacific Coast Avifauna, and [[the Wilson Bulletin]]. *[http://ibc.lynxeds.com/ The Internet Bird Collection]—A free library of videos of the world's birds *[http://www.birdpop.org/ The Institute for Bird Populations, California] *[http://media.library.uiuc.edu/cgi/b/bib/bix-idx?c=bix;cc=bix;sid=0c4f6243857204b94fcdebc6dce5d8b2;type=simple;page=browse;inst=bix_10;sort=region list of field guides to birds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002084318/http://media.library.uiuc.edu/cgi/b/bib/bix-idx?c=bix;cc=bix;sid=0c4f6243857204b94fcdebc6dce5d8b2;type=simple;page=browse;inst=bix_10;sort=region |date=2011-10-02 }}, from the International Field Guides database *[http://www.rspb.org.uk/wildlife/birdidentifier/ RSPB bird identifier]—Interactive identification of all UK birds [[শ্ৰেণী:বৈজ্ঞানিক শ্ৰেণীবিন্যাস]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চৰাই|*]] te9drlubjkn4z950g74ryk0ofbgjdub 100 3767 646105 644230 2026-10-19T18:16:06Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 646105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{nobots|interwiki}} {|style="border-spacing:8px; width:100%; margin:0px -8px" |- |style="width:100%; border:1px solid #FFFCD5; background-color:#FFCC99; vertical-align:top; color:#000"| {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background-color:#f5faff" ! <p style="margin:0; background-color:#cedff2; font-family:sans-serif; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:center; padding:0.2em 0.4em; "><font color="black">'''<Big>সাম্প্ৰতিক ঘটনাৱলী</Big>''' <br/> ''(২০২৬ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী)''</font></p> |- | === জানুৱাৰী === * '''[[১৯ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি]]ৰ নতুন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সভাপতি হিচাপে নীতিন নবীন নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। * '''[[২০ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[অসম]]ৰ [[কোকৰাঝাৰ জিলা|কোকৰাঝাৰ]]ত এজন যুৱকৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি হোৱা হিংসাত্মক সংঘৰ্ষত দুজন লোকৰ প্ৰাণহানি হয়। * '''[[২৬ জানুৱাৰী]]''': নতুন ইউজিচি বিল ২০২৬-ক বিৰোধিতা কৰি ভাৰতজুৰি শিক্ষাৰ্থী আৰু শিক্ষক সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয়। * '''[[২৭ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ]]ই মুক্ত বাণিজ্য চুক্তি (FTA)ৰ বাবে আলোচনা সমাপ্ত কৰে।<ref name="EUIndiaFTA">{{Cite web |url=https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/india_en |title=EU trade relations with India |website=European Commission |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২৮ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ উপ-মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী অজিত পাৱাৰকে ধৰি পাঁচজন লোক বাৰামতীত এখন লেয়াৰজেট ৪৫ বিমান দুৰ্ঘটনাত নিহত হয়। * '''[[২৯ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]]ে ইউজিচি ইকুইটি ৰেগুলেচন, ২০২৬-ৰ কাৰ্যকৰীকৰণৰ সন্দৰ্ভত সাময়িক স্থগিতাদেশ জাৰি কৰে। === ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী === * '''[[২ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ মাজত বাণিজ্যিক আলোচনাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অগ্ৰগতি হয়। পৰৱৰ্তী যৌথ ঘোষণাত ভাৰতৰ ওপৰত প্ৰযোজ্য পাৰস্পৰিক শুল্ক ১৮%লৈ হ্ৰাস কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref name="USIndiaTrade">{{Cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/02/fact-sheet-the-united-states-and-india-announce-historic-trade-deal/ |title=Fact Sheet: The United States and India Announce Historic Trade Deal |website=The White House |date=2026-02-09 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৪ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[মণিপুৰ]]ত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি শাসনৰ অন্ত পৰে আৰু য়ুমনাম খেমচান্দ সিঙে ৰাজ্যখনৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে শপত গ্ৰহণ কৰে। * '''[[৫ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[মেঘালয়]]ৰ পূব জয়ন্তীয়া পাহাৰ জিলাৰ এটা অবৈধ কয়লা খনিত হোৱা বিস্ফোৰণত কমেও ১৮জন শ্ৰমিকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="MeghalayaMine">{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/meghalaya-rat-hole-mine-explosion-dead-injured-10515560/ |title=18 killed, several feared trapped after explosion in Meghalaya rat-hole mine |website=The Indian Express |date=2026-02-06 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[ইটালী]]ৰ মিলান আৰু কৰ্টিনাত ২০২৬ চনৰ শীতকালীন অলিম্পিক ক্ৰীড়া মহোৎসৱৰ শুভাৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="Olympics2026">{{Cite web |url=https://newsroom.olympics.com/record/1669 |title=Opening Ceremony of the Olympic Winter Games Milano Cortina 2026 to be a celebration of Harmony |website=Olympics Newsroom |date=2025-10-16 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৭ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': ভাৰত আৰু শ্ৰীলংকাৰ যৌথ আয়োজনত ২০২৬ চনৰ পুৰুষ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপ ক্ৰিকেট প্ৰতিযোগিতা আৰম্ভ হয়। * '''[[১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': নতুন দিল্লীৰ ভাৰত মণ্ডপমত [[ভাৰত]]-এআই ইমপেক্ট ছামিট ২০২৬ (India AI Impact Summit 2026) আৰু এআই ইমপেক্ট এক্সপ'ৰ কাৰ্যসূচী আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="AIImpact">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-inaugurate-india-ai-impact-expo-2026-on-16th-february/ |title=PM to inaugurate India AI Impact Expo 2026 on 16th February |website=Prime Minister of India |date=2026-02-02 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৯ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[নতুন দিল্লী]]ত ভাৰত-এআই ইমপেক্ট ছামিটৰ মূল উদ্বোধনী অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="AISummit">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-inaugurate-india-ai-impact-summit-2026-on-19-february/ |title=PM to inaugurate India AI Impact Summit 2026 on 19 February |website=Prime Minister of India |date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২১ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ খনিজ পদাৰ্থ আৰু বিৰল ভূ-উপাদানৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সহযোগিতা বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[ব্ৰাজিল]]ৰ মাজত দ্বিপাক্ষিক চুক্তি সম্পৰ্কে ঘোষণা কৰা হয়। === মাৰ্চ === * '''[[৮ মাৰ্চ]]''': [[ভাৰত]]ে [[নিউজিলেণ্ড]]ক ৯৬ ৰানত পৰাস্ত কৰি ২০২৬ চনৰ আইচিচি পুৰুষ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰে। ভাৰত প্ৰথমটো দল হিচাপে একেৰাহে দুবাৰ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰে।<ref name="T20Final">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/matches/268129/india-vs-new-zealand |title=India vs. New Zealand — ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2026 Final |website=International Cricket Council |date=2026-03-08 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৩ মাৰ্চ]]''': প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদী]]ৰ অসম ভ্ৰমণৰ সময়ত অসম মালা ৩.০-ৰ ভূমি পূজন সম্পন্ন হয়। এই আঁচনিৰ অধীনত ৰাজ্যখনত ৯০০ কিলোমিটাৰতকৈ অধিক পথ নিৰ্মাণৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হয়।<ref name="AssamMala3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-visit-assam-on-13-14-march/ |title=PM to visit Assam on 13-14 March |website=Prime Minister of India |date=2026-03-12 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৪ মাৰ্চ]]''': প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ অসম ভ্ৰমণৰ দ্বিতীয় দিনা চাহ বাগিচাৰ শ্ৰমিকসকলৰ বাবে ভূমিৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু বিভিন্ন আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে জড়িত কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="AssamMala3"/> * '''[[২৮ মাৰ্চ]]''': ২০২৬ চনৰ অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰস্তুতিৰ অংশ হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিভিন্ন প্ৰক্ৰিয়া আগবাঢ়ে। === এপ্ৰিল === * '''[[৯ এপ্ৰিল]]''': ২০২৬ চনৰ অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচনৰ ১২৬টা বিধানসভা সমষ্টিতে ভোটগ্ৰহণ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="AssamElectionSchedule">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/ |title=General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Assam, 2026 — Schedule |website=Election Commission of India |date=2026-03-15 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৮ এপ্ৰিল]]''': বিশ্ব ঐতিহ্য দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন ঐতিহাসিক আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক ঐতিহ্যস্থলীত সজাগতা কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। === মে' === * '''[[৪ মে']]''': [[অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচন, ২০২৬|অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচন]]ৰ ভোটগণনা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। ১২৬টা সমষ্টিৰ ফলাফল ঘোষণা কৰা হয়। [[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি]]য়ে ৮২খন, [[ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্ৰেছ]]ে ১৯খন, [[বড়োলেণ্ড পিপলছ ফ্ৰণ্ট]]ে ১০খন আৰু [[অসম গণ পৰিষদ]]ে ১০খন আসন লাভ কৰে।<ref name="AssamResults">{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/partywiseresult-S03.htm |title=Assam — Party Wise Results, General Election to Assembly Constituencies, May 2026 |website=Election Commission of India |date=2026-05-05 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৮ মে']]''': [[অসম]] চৰকাৰৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিক্ৰমা দপ্তৰৰ উদ্যোগত সুধাকণ্ঠ [[ভূপেন হাজৰিকা]]ৰ স্মৃতিত বিভিন্ন সাংস্কৃতিক কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[১৫ মে']]''': [[ভাৰতীয় বতৰ বিজ্ঞান বিভাগ]]ে উত্তৰ-পূব ভাৰতত প্ৰাক্-মৌচুমী বৰষুণ আৰু ধুমুহাৰ সম্পৰ্কে সতৰ্কবাণী জাৰি কৰে। * '''[[২০ মে']]''': গুৱাহাটীত উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ উন্নয়ন আৰু বাণিজ্য সম্প্ৰসাৰণক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি উদ্যোগিক সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[২৪ মে']]''': বিশ্ব পৰিভ্ৰমী পক্ষী দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন জলাশয়ত পৰিভ্ৰমী পক্ষী আৰু জলাশয় সংৰক্ষণ সম্পৰ্কে সজাগতা কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[৩১ মে']]''': বিশ্ব ধঁপাতবিৰোধী দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন স্থানত ধঁপাতবিৰোধী সজাগতা অভিযান অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। === জুন === * '''[[১১ জুন]]''': [[মেক্সিকো]], [[কানাডা]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ যৌথ আয়োজনত ২০২৬ চনৰ [[ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ]] ফুটবল প্ৰতিযোগিতা মেক্সিকো চিটিত উদ্বোধনী মেচেৰে আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="FIFA2026">{{Cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/fifa-world-cup-26-match-schedule-revealed |title=FIFA World Cup 26 match schedule revealed |website=FIFA |date=2024-02-04 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২২ জুন]]''': অসমৰ [[কামাখ্যা মন্দিৰ]]ত বাৰ্ষিক [[অম্বুবাচী মেলা]]ৰ প্ৰবৃত্তি আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশ-বিদেশৰ ভক্তৰ সমাগম ঘটে। === জুলাই === * '''[[১৯ জুলাই]]''': [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ নিউয়ৰ্ক-নিউ জাৰ্ছি অঞ্চলত ২০২৬ চনৰ [[ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ]]ৰ ফাইনেল অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="FIFA2026"/> * '''[[২৪ জুলাই]]''': অসমৰ চাহ বাগিচা অঞ্চলসমূহৰ শিক্ষা আৰু আন্তঃগাঁথনি উন্নয়নৰ বাবে বিভিন্ন চৰকাৰী পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হয়। * '''[[২৯ জুলাই]]''': অসমত ধাৰাসাৰ বৰষুণৰ সম্ভাৱনাৰ প্ৰতি লক্ষ্য ৰাখি অসম ৰাজ্যিক দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰাধিকৰণে সতৰ্কতামূলক ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="ASDMA2026">{{Cite web |url=https://asdma.assam.gov.in/resource/press-release |title=Press Releases — Assam State Disaster Management Authority |website=Government of Assam |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৩০ জুলাই]]''': [[২০২৬ চনৰ ব্ৰড পিক হিমস্খলন]]ৰ ফলত দহজন পৰ্বতাৰোহীৰ মৃত্যু হয়। === আগষ্ট === * '''[[১ আগষ্ট]]''': ৰাজ্যখনৰ কেইবাখনো জিলাত বানপানীৰ পৰিস্থিতি সৃষ্টি হয়। ৮ আগষ্টলৈ ১৩খন জিলাৰ প্ৰায় ১.৫৫ লাখ লোক বানপানীৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰভাৱিত হোৱা বুলি চৰকাৰী তথ্যৰ ভিত্তিত প্ৰকাশ পায়।<ref name="AssamFlood2026">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-floods-toll-rises-to-98-1-55-lakh-affected-across-13-districts-door-to-door-survey-from-aug-9/amp_articleshow/133045362.cms |title=Assam floods toll rises to 98; 1.55 lakh affected across 13 districts |website=The Times of India |date=2026-08-08 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৮ আগষ্ট]]''': অসমত বানপানীৰ পৰিস্থিতি অব্যাহত থকাৰ সময়ত ১৩খন জিলাত প্ৰায় ১.৫৫ লাখ লোক প্ৰভাৱিত হোৱা বুলি প্ৰকাশ পায়।<ref name="AssamFlood2026"/> === ছেপ্টেম্বৰ === * '''[[১৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]]''': নতুন দিল্লীৰ যশোভূমিত SEMICON India 2026-ৰ উদ্বোধন প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদী]]য়ে কৰে। সন্মিলনখন ১৭–১৯ ছেপ্টেম্বৰলৈ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="Semicon2026">{{Cite web |url=https://www.semiconindia.org/about/overview |title=SEMICON India 2026 — Overview |website=SEMICON India |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]]''': বিশ্ব গঁড় দিৱস উপলক্ষে [[কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উদ্যান]] আৰু [[পবিতৰা অভয়াৰণ্য]]ত এশিঙীয়া গঁড় সংৰক্ষণ আৰু সজাগতা সম্পৰ্কীয় বিভিন্ন কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[২৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]]''': বিশ্ব পৰ্যটন দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন পৰ্যটনস্থলীত পৰ্যটন আৰু স্থানীয় উদ্যোগক উদগনি দিয়াৰ উদ্দেশ্যে বিভিন্ন কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। === অক্টোবৰ === *'''[[১৭ অক্টোবৰ]]''': [[পশ্চিমবংগ]]ৰ [[কলকাতা]]ৰ চোৰবাগান সৰ্বজনীন দুৰ্গাপূজা মণ্ডপত এক [[২০২৬ চনৰ কলকাতা দুৰ্গাপূজাৰ পদপিষ্ট হোৱাৰ ঘটনা|শোকাৱহ পদপিষ্টৰ ঘটনা]] সংঘটিত হয়। অত্যধিক ভিৰৰ বাবে হোৱা এই জনসমাগমজনিত দুৰ্ঘটনাত কমেও ১৯ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাৰ লগতে ৩৫ জন লোক আহত হৈছে। === নৱেম্বৰ === === ডিচেম্বৰ === ==২০২৬ চনৰ বানপানী== '''২০২৬''' চনৰ ১৯ ​​জুলাইৰ পৰা ২৬ জুলাইলৈকে হোৱা বানত ৬০ জনতকৈ অধিক লোকে প্ৰাণ হেৰুৱাইছে আৰু ৭ লাখতকৈ অধিক লোক ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=desk |first=TNIE online |date=2026-07-26 |title=Assam flood situation improves slightly, but over 6.5 lakh people remain affected; death toll rises to 66 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/assam/2026/Jul/26/assam-flood-situation-improves-slightly-but-over-65-lakh-people-remain-affected-death-toll-rises-to-66 |access-date=2026-07-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2026-07-24 |title=Flood toll climbs to 47 in Assam; over 7 lakh affected |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/flood-toll-climbs-to-47-in-assam-over-7-lakh-affected/article71259511.ece |access-date=2026-07-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital Desk |first=Northeast Live |date=2026-07-24 |title=Assam Floods 2026: 50 Dead, Over 10 Lakh People Affected |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/around-ne/assam/assam-around-ne/assam-floods-2026-50-dead-over-10-lakh-people-affected/ |access-date=2026-07-27 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Assam floods: Indian state faces worst deluge in years |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqlx61p3wz0o |website=www.bbc.com |access-date=28 July 2026 |date=27 July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=A. B. C. |title=At least 50 people killed and 700,000 displaced by India floods after monsoon rains |url=https://abcnews.com/International/wireStory/50-people-killed-700000-displaced-india-floods-after-135043973 |access-date=2026-07-28 |website=ABC News |language=en |archivedate=2026-07-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260729084400/https://abcnews.com/International/wireStory/50-people-killed-700000-displaced-india-floods-after-135043973 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==বৰ্ষ অনুসৰি ঘটনাৱলী== *'''[[২০২৬ চন#২০২৬ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী|২০২৬ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী]]''' *'''[[২০২৫ চন#২০২৫ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী|২০২৫ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী]]''' *'''[[২০২৪ চন#২০২৪ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী|২০২৪ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী]]''' *'''[[২০২৩ চন#২০২৩ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী|২০২৩ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী]]''' {|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top;background-color:#faf5ff" !<p style="margin:0;background-color:#f2e0ce;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3b0bf;text-align:center;padding:0.2em 0.4em;"><span style="color:black;">ৱিকিপত্ৰিকা</span></p> <br/> *[[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপত্ৰিকা|ৱিকিপত্ৰিকাসমূহ]] *[[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:ৱিকিপত্ৰিকা/{{#invoke:ConvertDigit|main|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}CURRENTMONTHNAME}}}}-{{#invoke:ConvertDigit|main|{{{{{|safesubst:}}}CURRENTYEAR}}}}|এই মাহৰ ৱিকিপত্ৰিকা]] </div> |} <!-- {{Contents pages (footer box)}}--> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[Category:শেহতীয়া ঘটনাৱলী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱিকিচ'ৰা]] ttoqozienzay4nzh7lfzrubaxdjm4sg 0 4993 646203 370109 2026-10-20T11:08:49Z ~2026-55886-21 52385 /* অভিনয় শিল্পী[1] */ 646203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{For|অসমৰ ঠাইখন|জাতিঙ্গা}} {{Infobox film | name = জাতিঙ্গা ইত্যাদি..... | image = জাতিঙ্গা_ইত্যাদি.jpg | image_size = 220px | border = | alt = | caption = বোলছবিখনৰ প'ষ্টাৰ | director = [[সঞ্জীৱ সভাপণ্ডিত]] | producer = ৰাজকমল ভূঞা | writer = | screenplay = সঞ্জীৱ সভাপণ্ডিত | story = সঞ্জীৱ সভাপণ্ডিত | based on = | narrator = | starring = [[বিষ্ণু খাৰঘৰীয়া]]<br />বিনা পাটংগীয়া<br />সৌৰভ হাজৰিকা | music = দীপক শৰ্মা | cinematography = পৰাশৰ বৰুৱা | editing = মানস অধিকাৰী | studio = ৰুচিৰা আৰ্টচ | distributor = | released = ২০০৭<ref>[http://www.enajori.com/music/released_cinema/J.html Enajori.com - Relesed Assamese Films]</ref> | runtime = ১২৪ মিনিট<ref name=ruchira>[http://www.ruchiraarts.com/Film/index.htm Ruchira Arts Official Website]</ref> | country = [[ভাৰত]] | language = [[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]] | budget = | gross = }} '''জাতিঙ্গা ইত্যাদি.....''' ({{lang-en|Jaatingaa Ityadi.....}}) হৈছে ২০০৭ চনত মুক্তি লাভ কৰা এখন [[অসমীয়া]] [[বোলছবি]]। ৰুচিৰা আৰ্টচৰ বেনাৰত এই বোলছবিখন নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ পৰিচালক হৈছে সঞ্জীৱ সভাপণ্ডিত। এই ছবিখনৰ মুখ্য ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰা শিল্পী সকল হৈছে [[বিষ্ণু খাৰঘৰীয়া]], বীণা পটংগীয়া, সৌৰভ হাজৰিকা ইত্যাদি। এই ছবিখন ২০০৭ বৰ্ষৰ '''ভাৰতৰ আন্তৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱ''', [[গোৱা]]ত "ভাৰতীয় পেনোৰামা" শিতানত প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰা হয়। ছবিখনে [[অসম]]ৰ বৰ্তমান কালৰ উগ্ৰপন্থী সমস্যাৰ ওপৰত দৃষ্টিপাত কৰে<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/film-on-ulfa-script-going-haywire-makes-it-to-indian-panorama/230820/0 Film on ULFA script going haywire makes it to Indian Panorama - Guwahati: Indianexpress]</ref>। ==কাহিনীৰ সাৰাংশ== নিজৰ ককাকৰ কবৰস্থানৰ সন্ধানত এহাল ইংৰাজ দম্পতী [[অসম]]লৈ আহে। আন্তঃৰাষ্টীয় পৰ্য্যায়ত দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণৰ উদ্দেশ্যে এটি উগ্ৰপন্থী সংগঠনে তেওঁলোকক অপহৰণ কৰে। কিন্তু ভাষাৰ প্ৰাচীৰৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকৰ লগত আদান-প্ৰদান কৰিব নোৱাৰাত সংগঠনটোৱে এজন শিক্ষিত কিন্তু নিবনুৱা [[অসমীয়া]] যুবক মানবক নিৰ্বাচন কৰে। তথাকথিত "আন্দোলন"টোৰ লগত জড়িত হবলৈ অতি আগ্ৰহী মানবে একো নভবাকৈয়ে সন্মত হয়। কিন্তু তেওঁ পাছত উপলব্ধি কৰে যে সংগঠনটোৰ "স্বাধীনতাৰ বাবে সংগ্ৰাম"ৰ ধাৰণাতো একেবাৰে ভুল। সেয়ে তেওঁ দম্পতীহালক পলাই যোৱাত সহায় কৰিবলে সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। ঘটনাক্ৰমে এক গুলিয়াগুলিত মানব তথা উগ্ৰপন্থী গোটটোৰ সদস্যসকল নিহত হয়। ==অভিনয় শিল্পী<ref name=ruchira/>== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ "জাতিঙ্গা ইত্যাদি"ত অভিনয় কৰা শিল্পীসকল |- !অভিনয়ত !! চৰিত্ৰ !! টোকা |- |[[বিষ্ণু খাৰঘৰীয়া]] || ৰত্নকান্ত || |- |[[বীণা পটংগীয়া]] || ৰত্নকান্তৰ পত্নী || |- |[[সৌৰভ হাজৰিকা]] || মানব || |- |মল্লিকা শৰ্মা || ৰিতা || |- |অনুপ হাজৰিকা || ধন || |- |[[লক্ষী বৰঠাকুৰ]] || ৰিতাৰ দেউতাক || |- |টনি ৰিচমণ্ড || মি. টনি || |- |জেমছ পেৰী || জেক || |- |ছাৰা বাগডেন || পৌলিন || |- |কুণ্টল গোস্বামী || ৪৭ || |- |গৰিমা পাটোৱাৰী || পাহি || |- |[[বাহাৰুল ইছলাম]] || পাড্ৰী || |- |বিনয় ডেকা || ডেকা || |- |অমিতাভ ৰাজখোৱা || বাবু || |- |[[অৰুণ হাজৰিকা]] || দোকানী || |} ==সংগীত== ছবিখনৰ সংগীত পৰিচালনা কৰে [[দীপক শৰ্মা]]ই। ==বোলছবি খনৰ কেইটামান স্ক্ৰীনশ্বট== "জাতিঙ্গা ইত্যাদি"ৰ কেইটামান দৃশ্য- <gallery> চিত্ৰ:জাতিঙ্গা_ইত্যাদি_(২).jpg চিত্ৰ:জাতিঙ্গা_ইত্যাদি_(৪).jpg চিত্ৰ:জাতিঙ্গা_ইত্যাদি_(১).jpg চিত্ৰ:জাতিঙ্গা_ইত্যাদি_(৩).jpg </gallery> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} {{অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় পেনোৰামালৈ নিৰ্বাচিত অসমৰ ছবি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় পেনোৰামালৈ নিৰ্বাচিত অসমীয়া ছবি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:২০০০ দশকৰ অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ]] d34ix8bdk6qq2541u8nj4vlgblobqhq 0 6312 646181 645161 2026-10-20T03:43:51Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | bgcolour = lightgray | name = জয় বৰুৱা | birth_name = জয়ন্ত বৰুৱা | image = Joi Barua-1 copy.jpg | image_size = 220px | background = solo_singer | birth_date = | birth_place = ডিগবৈ, [[তিনিচুকীয়া]], [[অসম]] | spouce = নয়না বৰঠাকুৰ | genre = [[:en:Rock music|ৰক]], [[:en:Soul music|চ'ল]], [[:en:Worldbeat|ৱৰ্ল্ড বিট]] | occupation = কণ্ঠশিল্পী, সংগীতকাৰ | instrument = কণ্ঠ, গিটাৰ, ভায়োলিন, কিবৰ্ড | label = বিভিন্ন | associated_acts = জয় | nationality = ভাৰতীয় {{flagicon|IND}} }} '''জয় বৰুৱা''' [[অসম]]ৰ এগৰাকী গায়ক, সংগীতকাৰ আৰু "জয়" নামৰ বেণ্ডটোৰ মূল কণ্ঠশিল্পী।<ref name=efi_news>{{cite web|title=Candid Conversation With Joi Barua|url=http://www.efi-news.com/2011/11/candid-conversation-with-joi-barua.html|accessdate=9 November 2011|archivedate=6 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106234304/http://www.efi-news.com/2011/11/candid-conversation-with-joi-barua.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> বৰুৱাই কেইবাখনো জনপ্ৰিয় [[হিন্দী]] ভাষাৰ বোলছবিত কণ্ঠদান কৰাৰ লগতে [[অসমীয়া ভাষা|অসমীয়া]] আৰু [[তেলেগু ভাষা]]ৰ গীতটো কণ্ঠ নিগৰাইছে। এখেতৰ সংগীতৰ প্ৰকাৰবোৰ হৈছে: [[:en:Rock music|ৰক]], [[:en:Soul music|চ'ল]], [[:en:Worldbeat|ৱৰ্ল্ড বিট]], [[:en:Jazz|জেজ]] আদি। <br /> ডিচেম্বৰ ২০১০ত [[মুম্বাই]]ত অনুষ্ঠিত প্ৰথম ইংক কনফাৰেঞ্চত জয় বৰুৱাক ফেল্ল' (Fellow) হিচাপে নিমন্ত্ৰণ কৰা হয়।<ref name="inkconference">[http://theinkconference.com/ The INK Conference]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; আহৰণ: নবেম্বৰ ৯, ২০১১</ref><ref>{{cite video | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mfjml4wAc6E&feature=related | title=ইংক কনফাৰেঞ্চত জয় বৰুৱা}}</ref> [[জয়পুৰ]]ত ৮-১১ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০১১ত অনুষ্ঠিত ইংকৰ দ্বিতীয় কনফাৰেঞ্চতো জয়ক তেওঁৰ বেণ্ডৰ সৈতে বক্তা হিচাপে আমন্ত্ৰণ জনোৱা হয়।<ref name="inktalks">{{cite web | url=http://www.inktalks.com/ | title=INK2011: Power of the Journey | accessdate=December 05, 2011}}</ref><ref name="ink joi">{{cite web | url=http://www.inktalks.com/people/joi | title=INK2011: Power of the Journey - Joi | accessdate=December 05, 2011}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== জয় বৰুৱাৰ জন্ম হয় [[তিনিচুকীয়া জিলা]]ৰ [[ডিগবৈ]]ত।<ref name="vibes">{{cite book | title=Joi Ride - Eclectic Vibes | author=Singha, Bidisha | year=February 2011 | pages=19-21}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ ৰোহিনি ধৰ বৰুৱা আৰু মাতৃ ৰঞ্জনা বৰুৱা। চাৰি বছৰ বয়সতে দেউতাকে তেওঁক ভায়োলিন এটা উপহাৰ দিয়ে। সেয়াই আছিল তেওঁৰ সংগীত যাত্ৰাৰ আৰম্ভণি। পাছত তেওঁৰ পৰিয়াল [[যোৰহাট]]ৰ বাসিন্দা হয়গৈ। সাত বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁৰ ভগ্নীয়ে বৰুৱাক জোৰ কৰি সংগীত প্ৰতিযোগিতাত ভাগ লবলৈ দিয়ে, যাৰ বাবে তেওঁক তাই এটি ইংৰাজী গীত শিকায়। বৰুৱা প্ৰতিযোগিতাত বিজয়ী হয়। এনেদৰে তেওঁৰ সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি ৰুচি বাঢ়িব ধৰে। বিশেষকৈ পাশ্চাত্য সংগীতৰ প্ৰতি আকৃষ্ট হৈ পৰে। "দা বিটলচ্", "দা ঈগলচ্", "চাইমন এণ্ড গাৰফাঙ্কেল", "ইউ২" আদি বেণ্ড আছিল তেওঁৰ অনুপ্ৰেণাৰ উৎস। <br /> জয়ে হাইস্কুলীয়া শিক্ষা লাভ কৰে [[শ্বিলং]]ৰ চেইণ্ট এণ্টনিচ্ স্কুলৰ পৰা। পাছত তেওঁ গুৱাহাটী কমাৰ্চ কলেজৰ পৰা বাণিজ্য শাখাত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। <br /> ২০০২ চনত নয়না বৰঠাকুৰৰ লগত জয় বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়। বৰ্তমান তেওঁলোক [[মুম্বাই]]ত বাস কৰে। ==শিল্পী জীৱন== ===বিজ্ঞাপন জিংগল=== কেৰিয়াৰৰ আৰম্ভণিত জয় বৰুৱাই বহুতো কোম্পানীৰ [[বিজ্ঞাপন]]ৰ গীতত কণ্ঠদান কৰে আৰু বৰ্তমানেও কৰি আছে।<ref name=efi_news/> এনে কেইটামান কোম্পানী হৈছে: ভোডাফ'ন, ৰিলায়েঞ্চ, এল জি, হিৰো হোণ্ডা, নেচকেফে, ক্লাব মহিন্দ্ৰা, টাটা টি, কোকা কোলা মিনিট মেইড, কাৰ্ল-অন, হৰ্লিক্স, আলফা ৱান আদি।<ref name="joibarua">{{cite web | url=http://www.youtube.com/user/joibarua | title=Joi Barua YouTube Channel | accessdate=November 09, 2011}}</ref> ===নেপথ্য গায়ক=== জয় বৰুৱাই কেইবাখনো হিন্দী ভাষাৰ বোলছবিৰ গীতত কণ্ঠ নিগৰাইছে। প্ৰথম অবস্থাত তেওঁ দলীয় ৰূপে গীত গাইছিল যদিও পাছলৈ একক কণ্ঠৰ গীতত কণ্ঠদান কৰাৰ সুবিধি পায়। তেওঁ কণ্ঠদান কৰা কিছু বোলছবি হৈছে: "মুঝচে ফ্ৰেণ্ডচিপ কৰোগে" (২০১১), "জীন্দেগী না মিলেগী দুবাৰা" (২০১১), "লাভ কা দি এণ্ড" (২০১১), "ন' ৱান কিল্ড জেছিকা" (২০১১), "উড়ান" (২০১০), "হেল্প" (২০১০), "ডেভ ডি" (২০০৯), "অজব প্ৰেম কি গজব কাহানী" (২০০৯), "জাম্বো" (২০০৮), "গোলমাল ৰিটাৰ্ণচ" (২০০৮), "টচন" (২০০৮), "জব উই মেট" (২০০৭), "ভুল ভুল্লৈয়া" (২০০৭), "ভাগম ভাগ" (২০০৬), "গেঙষ্টাৰ" (২০০৬), "লগে ৰহো মুন্না ভাই" (২০০৬), "জীন্দেগী ৰকচ্" (২০০৬), "ৱক্ত: দা ৰেচ এগেইনষ্ট টাইম" (২০০৫), "ক্যা কুল হে হাম" (২০০৫), "এক আজনবি" (২০০৫), "নীল এণ্ড নিক্কি" (২০০৫), "মুন্না ভাই এম বি বি এচ" (২০০৩) আদি। বৰুৱাই অমিত ত্ৰিবেদী, প্ৰিতম, অনু মালিক, আশিতোশ পাঠক, ৰাম সম্পত, শংকৰ-এহচান-লয়, চেলিম-চুলেমান, বিশাল-শেখৰ, ললিত পণ্ডিত আদি জনপ্ৰিয় সংগীত পৰিচালকৰ লগত কাম কৰিছে। <br /> জয়ে ২০১০ চনত মুক্তি প্ৰাপ্ত "কালভাৰ কিঙ" নামৰ তেলেগু ভাষাৰ ছবিত নেপথ্য গায়ক হিচাপে কণ্ঠদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite video | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmPmFZtFYVg | title=Interview with Singer Joi Barua, of Kalavar King Fame (Part 1)}}</ref><br /> এওঁ [[ভ্ৰাম্যমাণ থিয়েটাৰ]] নেপথ্য গায়ক হিচাপে পোন প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে গীত গায় ২০১১-১২ বৰ্ষৰ হেঙুল থিয়েটাৰৰ নাট "খিৰিকি"ত।<ref>আজিৰ দৈনিক বাতৰি; জুলাই ৮, ২০১১; পৃষ্ঠা ১০</ref><ref>{{cite video | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Yv7OEziLaI | title=জয় বৰুৱা - খিৰিকি (হেঙুল থিয়েটাৰ)}}</ref> ===জয়: লুকিং আউট দা উইণ্ডো=== [[File:Joi-the band.JPG|thumb|right|250px| '''জয় বেণ্ড''': বাওঁফালৰ পৰা- পৱন ৰচেইলি, জয় বৰুৱা, অবনি তাঁটি, ইবছন লাল বৰুৱা আৰু মানস চৌধুৰী]] ২০১০ চনৰ ২১ ডিচেম্বৰত মুক্তি পাই জয় বৰুৱাৰ বেণ্ড "জয়"-ৰ প্ৰথম [[অসমীয়া ভাষা]]ৰ আঠটা গীতৰ এক এলবাম "'''জয়: লুকিং আউট দা উইণ্ডো'''। " ইয়াৰ গীতসমূহ আছিল ৰক, চ'ল, ৱৰ্ল্ড বিট আৰু লোক-সংগীতৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ। গীতবোৰে শ্ৰোতাৰ মাজত জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰে, বিশেষকৈ "আইকন বাইকন" আৰু "তেজিমলা" গীতদুটা অধিক জনপ্ৰিয় হয়। "আইকন বাইকন" নামৰ গীতটোৰ ভিডিঅ'ও নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite video | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sGfmDgiYAL0 | title=আইকন বাইকন - ভিডিঅ'}}</ref><br /> জয় বেণ্ডটোৰ বৰ্তমানৰ আন সদস্য সকল হৈছে: পৱন ৰচেইলি (মূল গিটাৰবাদক), ইবছন লাল বৰুৱা (ৰিডম গিটাৰবাদক), মানস চৌধুৰী (বেচ্ গিটাৰবাদক), আৰু পাৰ্থ গোস্বামী (ড্ৰামবাদক)। ==বঁটা আৰু কৃতিত্ব== * বিজয়ী: শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নবাগত কণ্ঠশিল্পী (পুৰুষ) - বিগ অসমীয়া মিউজিক এৱাৰ্ড ২০১০ ("জয়: লুকিং আউট দা উইণ্ডো"-ৰ বাবে ) ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121113175322/http://indianmusicmug.com/2012/10/23/interview-with-joi-barua/ Interview with Joi Barua] at [http://www.indianmusicmug.com/ IndianMusicMug] *[http://www.friedeye.com/2011/03/15/joi/ Joi - A Voice spreading Joy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319203110/http://www.friedeye.com/2011/03/15/joi/ |date=2012-03-19 }} at Fried Eye *[http://www.friedeye.com/2011/04/01/joi-looking-out-of-the-window/ Joi: Looking Out of the Window - a Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111029082838/http://www.friedeye.com/2011/04/01/joi-looking-out-of-the-window/ |date=2011-10-29 }} at Fried Eye *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120514234349/http://indianmusicmug.com/2012/04/13/indianmusicmug-is-celebrating-2012-rongali-bohag-bihu-with-joi-barua/ IndianMusicMug ia celebrating 2012 Rongali/ Bohag Bihu with Joi Barua] at [http://indianmusicmug.com/ IndianMusicMug] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ কণ্ঠশিল্পী]] 46w8a8wlmlaer3u5kbzprcm9ctyq6q2 0 10501 646204 540610 2026-10-20T11:12:25Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 /* ভাৰতবৰ্ষত পোৱা মাছৰোকাৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰজাতিসমূহ */ 646204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = মাছৰোকা | image = Alcedo azurea - Julatten.jpg | image_caption = [[Azure Kingfisher]] | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Coraciiformes]] | subordo = '''Alcedines''' | range_map = Kingfisher range.png | range_map_caption = মাছৰোকাৰ গোলকীয় বিতৰণ (distribution) | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = }} '''মাছৰোকা''' ({{Lang-en|Kingfisher}}) সাধাৰনতে উজ্জ্বল বৰণৰ সৰুৰ পৰা মধ্যমীয়া আকাৰৰ এবিধ [[চৰাই]]ৰ গোষ্ঠী৷ সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বত এই গোষ্ঠীৰ মুঠ ৯৩ টা প্ৰজাতি পোৱা যায়৷ [[ভাৰত|ভাৰতবৰ্ষত]] তাৰে ১২ টা স্থানীয় তথা এটা পৰিভ্ৰমী প্ৰজাতি পোৱা যায়৷ এই গোষ্ঠীৰ সকলোবোৰ প্ৰজাতিৰে বৈশিষ্ট্য হ’ল, বৃহৎ মুণ্ড, দীঘলীয়া আৰু জোঙা আকৃতিৰ ঠোঁট তথা চুটী নেজ৷ প্ৰায়বোৰ প্ৰজাতিৰে গাৰ বৰণ উজ্জ্বল হয় আৰু মতা-মাইকীৰ মাজত বিশেষ পাৰ্থক্য থকা দেখা নাযায়৷ মাছৰোকাই মাছৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি কেঁকোৰা, বিভিন্ন পোক-পৰুৱা তথা অন্য চৰাইৰ পোৱালীও চিকাৰ কৰে৷ ==ক্ৰমবিবৰ্তন== মাছৰোকা চৰাই পোনপ্ৰথমে দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ বৰ্ষাৰণ্য তথা প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰীয় দ্বীপসমূহত উদ্ভৱ হৈছিল বুলি জনা যায়৷<ref name="fryfry6">Fry (1992) 6–11</ref> == বসতি স্থান== মাছৰোকা চৰায়ে বৰ্ষাৰণ্য, পৰ্ণপাতী অৰণ্য, চাভানা, মেনগ্ৰুভ, জলাশয় আদিত বসবাস কৰে৷ ==দৈহিক গঠন== মাছৰোকাৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰজাতি সমূহৰ দৈহিক আকৃতি প্ৰায় একে যদিও আকাৰ ভিন্ন হয়৷ এই গোষ্ঠীৰ আটাইতকৈ সৰু গোত্ৰ (genus) হ'ল চেইক্স (Ceyx), যাৰ দেহৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ১০ ছে.মি. আৰু আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ গোত্ৰ ছেৰিলিনে (Cerylinae)৷ এই গোত্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত মাছোৰকা প্ৰজাতিৰ দেহৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৪৮ ছে.মি. পৰ্য্যন্ত হ’ব পাৰে৷ [[File:Kingfisher, (Ass- মাছোৰোকা).JPG|thumb|মাছৰোকা]] ==আচৰণ== মাছৰোকা চৰায়ে সধাৰণতে সক্ৰিয়ভাৱে নিজা টেৰিটৰী (territory) ৰক্ষা কৰি চলে৷ প্ৰায়বোৰ প্ৰজাতি একগামী (monogamous) যদিও কিছুমান প্ৰজাতিৰ মাজত সহযোগিতামূলক প্ৰজননো দেখা যায়৷ এই ব্যৱস্থাত প্ৰজননকাৰী চৰাই যোৰৰ উপৰিও অন্য সহায়কাৰীয়ে পোৱালিৰ যত্ন লোৱাত সহায় কৰে৷ এই বৰ্গৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত অন্যান্য প্ৰজাতিবোৰৰ দৰেই মাছৰোকায়ো মাটিত গাঁত খান্দি বাহ সাজে৷ সাধাৰণতে জলাশয়ৰ পাৰত কোনো কোনো প্ৰজাতিয়ে গছৰ খোৰোঙ তথা উঁইহাঁফলুৰ বাহ তো বাঁহ সাজে৷ মতা-মাইকী উভয়ে বাহ সজাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে৷ বাহবোৰে সাধাৰণতে সুৰংগৰ শেষত এটা কক্ষৰ দৰে আকৃতি লয়৷ এনে সুৰংগৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য বেলেগ বেলেগ হব পাৰে৷ আটাইতকৈ দীঘল সুৰংগৰ বাহ বিয়াগোম মাছৰোকা (Giant Kingfisher)-ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত পোৱা গৈছে৷ ইয়াৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য হ’ল প্ৰায় ৮.৫ মিটাৰ৷ মাছৰোকাৰ কণী চিকচিকিয়া বগা বৰণৰ হয়৷ বিভিন্ন প্ৰজাতিৰ পোৱালিৰ সংখ্যাও ভিন্ন হয়৷ ==স্থিতি তথা সংৰক্ষণ== বিভিন্ন কাৰণত মাছৰোকাৰ ভালেসংখ্যক প্ৰজাতি বিপদগামী (threatened) বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়৷ সংৰক্ষণৰ মূল বাধা হিচাপে বসতিস্হল ধ্বংস তথা পৰিৱেশ বিনষ্টকাৰী প্ৰক্ৰিয়া সমূহকে দায়ী কৰা হয়৷ ==অসমীয়া সংস্কৃতিত মাছৰোকা== সাধাৰণতে সমাজত যি কোনো দোষণীয় কামৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত আগতে কোনো সৰু সুৰা ক্ষেত্ৰত দোষণীয় কাম কৰাৰ উদাহৰণ থকা ব্যক্তিকে (যেনে চুৰি) বিনা দোষত হ'লেও দোষী সাব্যস্ত কৰা হয়। তেনে ক্ষেত্ৰত ব্যক্তিজনে নিজৰ আক্ষেপ ব্যক্ত কৰি [[জতুৱা ঠাঁচ]]ত "সকলো চৰায়ে মাছ খায়, মাছৰোকাৰ নাম হয়" বুলি ক'ব পাৰে। ==ভাৰতবৰ্ষত পোৱা মাছৰোকাৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰজাতিসমূহ== <gallery mode="packed" heights="140"> চিত্ৰ: মাছৰোকা.JPG|অসমত সচৰাচৰ দেখা পোৱা মাছৰোকা চিত্ৰ:Common Kingfisher.jpg|Common Kingfisher (''Alcedo atthis'') Kingfisher মাছৰোকা চিত্ৰ: Collared Kingfisher.jpg| Collared Kingfisher (''Todiramphus chloris'') চিত্ৰ: Black-capped Kingfisher.jpg| Black-capped Kingfisher (''Halcyon pileata'') ক'লামূৰীয়া মাছৰোকা চিত্ৰ:Pied kingfisher.jpg|[[পখৰা মাছৰোকা]] চিত্ৰ:White-throated kingfisher BNC.jpg| White-throated Kingfisher(''Halcyon smyrnensis'') বগা বুকুৱা মাছৰোকা চিত্ৰ: Stork-billed Kingfisher.jpg| Stork-billed Kingfisher (''Pelargopsis capensis'') বৰঠুটিয়া মাছৰোকা </gallery> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{reflist| <ref>Fry, C. H. 1980. The Evolutionary Biology of Kingfishers (Alcedinidae). Living Bird 18:113-160</ref> <ref>Knowles, J. L., and J. W. Nitchen. 1995. Kingfishers of The World. Times Books International, Singapur, Kuala Lumpur</ref> <ref>Rasmussen P.C. , A. J. C. 2005. Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions, Washington D.C. and Barcelona 1 and 2</ref> }} [[শ্ৰেণী:মাছৰোকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱবিজ্ঞান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] 0af7w0qe2i3j6v2125hoxtp0mmwizkb 0 19646 646162 638267 2026-10-20T00:08:34Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 7 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|গুগল কোম্পানী|একেই নামৰ সংখ্যা|গুগ'ল}}'''গুগল ইন্‌কৰ্পোৰেটেড''' ({{lang-en|Google Incorporated}}) [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ এটা প্ৰযুক্তি কোম্পানী। গুগল সাধাৰণতে গুগল চাৰ্চ ইঞ্জিন আৰু অনলাইন বিজ্ঞাপন সেৱাৰ বাবে বিশ্ববিখ্যাত। ইয়াৰ প্ৰধান কাৰ্যালয় কেলিফৰ্নিয়াৰ মাউণ্টেইন ভিউ চহৰত অৱস্থিত। গুগলৰ মূলমন্ত্ৰ হ'ল "বিশ্বৰ তথ্য একত্ৰিত কৰি সেইবোৰ সকলোৰে বাবে সহজলভ্য কৰি তোলা। গুগলৰ নিজস্ব প্ৰতিষ্ঠানিক মূলমন্ত্ৰ হ'ল "Don't be evil" অৰ্থাৎ "কেতিয়াও বেয়া নহ'ব"। ষ্টেনফৰ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ দুজন পি এইচ ডি অধ্যয়নৰত ছাত্ৰ লেৰী পে'জ আৰু চাৰ্গেই ব্ৰিন গুগলৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brin|first=Sergey|author-link=Sergey Brin|last2=Page|first2=Lawrence|author-link2=Larry Page|year=1998|title=The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine|url=http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|url-status=live|journal=Computer Networks and ISDN Systems|volume=30|issue=1–7|pages=107–117|citeseerx=10.1.1.115.5930|doi=10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X|issn=0169-7552|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927004511/http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|archive-date=September 27, 2015|access-date=April 7, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Barroso |first=L.A. |last2=Dean |first2=J. |last3=Holzle |first3=U. |date=April 29, 2003 |title=Web search for a planet: the google cluster architecture |journal=IEEE Micro |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=22–28 |doi=10.1109/mm.2003.1196112 |issn=0272-1732 |quote=We believe that the best price/performance tradeoff for our applications comes from fashioning a reliable computing infrastructure from clusters of unreliable commodity PCs.|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/8db8e53c92af2f97974707119525aa089f6ed53a }}</ref> == ইতিহাস == ১৯৯৬ চনত গৱেষণা প্ৰকল্প হিচাপে কেলিফোৰ্নিয়াৰ ষ্টেনফৰ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ দুজন পি এইচ ডি অধ্যয়নৰত ছাত্ৰ লেৰী পে'জ আৰু চাৰ্গেই ব্ৰিনে ইয়াৰ কাম কাজ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ মনোভাৱ আছিল সেইসময়ৰ কৌশলসমূহক চেৰাই এটা নতুন কৌশলৰে যদি কোনো এটা চাৰ্চ ইঞ্জিন যদি সৃষ্টি কৰা হয়, যিটোৰে [[ৱেবছাইট|ৱেবছাইটবোৰৰ]] মাজত থাকি যদি পাৰস্পৰিক সম্পৰ্ক ৰাখি যদি ফলাফল নিৰ্নয় কৰা যায় তেন্তে আৰু ভাল ফলাফল পোৱা যাব। ১৯৯৮ চনৰ ৪ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত<ref>{{cite web |title=From the garage to the Googleplex |url=https://about.google/our-story/ |publisher=Google}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Google |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google |publisher=ইংৰাজী ৱিকিপিডিয়া}}</ref> লেৰী পে'জ আৰু চাৰ্গেই ব্ৰিনে এটা প্ৰাইভেট লিমিটেড কোম্পানী হিচাপে গুগল প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। ২০০৪ চনৰ ১৯ আগষ্টত ই এটা পাব্লিক লিমিটেড কোম্পানিলৈ পৰিণত হয়। সময়ৰ লগত নিত্যনতুন পণ্য আৰু সেৱা যোগ কৰি গুগলে প্ৰতিদিনেই নিজৰ আকাৰ আৰু উপযোগিতা বঢ়াই তোলাত সক্ষম হৈছে। একেসময়েতে নতুন কোম্পানী কিনি নিজৰ লগত একত্ৰীকৰণ, ভিন্ন প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ লগত অংশীদাৰিত্ব আৰু [[বিজ্ঞাপন]] জগতত নিজৰ অৱস্থানক সুদৃঢ়ীকৰণৰ মাধ্যমেৰে নিজকে বহুমুখী হিচাপে পৰিচয় কৰাইছে। ইয়াৰ ফলত তথ্য সন্ধান কৰাৰ সমসাময়িকভাৱে বৰ্তমান সময়ত ইমেইল, সামাজিক সংযোগী নেটৱৰ্কিং, ভিডিঅ শ্বেয়াৰিং, অফিছ প্ৰডাক্টিভিটি আদিৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত গুগলে নিজৰ পৰিসৰ বৃদ্ধি কৰিছে। বৰ্তমান গুগলৰ চি ই ও [[সুন্দৰ পিচাই]], এজন ভাৰতীয়। ==গুগলৰ এপ তালিকা== *'''[[ব্ল'গাৰ]]''' [[File:Blogger icon 2017.svg|20px]] **[https://www.blogger.com/ ব্ল'গাৰ ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল যোগাযোগ‌]]''' [[File:Google Contacts icon (2022).svg|20px]] **[https://contacts.google.com/ যোগাযোগ‌ (ম'বাইল নম্বৰ ডায়েৰী) লিংক] *'''[[ফাইলচ]]''' [[File:Google Files logo.svg|60px]] **[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.nbu.files ফাইলচ এপ্ ডাউনলোড লিংক] *'''[[জিবোৰ্ড]]''' [[File:Gboard logo.svg|20px]] ** [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.inputmethod.latin ডাউনলোড লিংক] *'''[[জিমেইল]]''' [[File:Gmail icon (2020).svg|20px]] **[https://mail.google.com/ জিমেইল ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *<font color="maroon">'''গু'''</font><font color="green">'''গ'''</font><font color="red">'''ল'''</font> [[File:Google 2015 logo.svg|50px]] **[https://www.google.com/ গুগল ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল এআই]]''' **[https://ai.google/ গুগল এআইৰ ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল এডচ্]]''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20260106110820/https://assamesepedia.miraheze.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D] [[File:Google Ads logo.svg|20px]] **[https://ads.google.com/ গুগল এডচ্ ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল কেলেণ্ডাৰ]]''' [[File:Google_Calendar_icon_(2020).svg|20px]] **[https://calendar.google.com/ গুগল কেলেণ্ডাৰ ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল চাট]]''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20260106133726/https://assamesepedia.miraheze.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F] [[File:Google_Chat_icon_(2023).svg|20px]] **[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.dynamite গুগল চাট ডাউনলোড লিংক] *'''[[গুগল ক্ৰ'ম]]''' [[File:Google_Chrome_icon_(February_2022).svg|20px]] **[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.android.chrome গুগল ক্ৰম ব্ৰাউজাৰ ডাউনলোড লিংক] *'''[[গুগল ক্লাছৰুম]]''' [[File:Google_Classroom_Logo.svg|20px]] **[https://classroom.google.com/ গুগল ক্লাছৰুম ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল ছাইটচ]]''' [[File:Google Sites 2020 Logo.svg|15px]] **[https://sites.google.com/ গুগল ছাইটচৰ ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল ডক্স]]''' [[File:Google_Docs_2020_Logo.svg|15px]] **[https://google.com/docs গুগল ডক্স ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল ড্ৰাইভ]]''' [[File:Google Drive icon (2020).svg|15px]] **[https://drive.google.com/ গুগল ড্ৰাইভ ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল ফাইণ্ড মাই ডিভাইছ]]''' **[https://www.google.com/android/find ফাইণ্ড মাই ডিভাইছ ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল মেপচ্]]''' [[File:Google_Maps_Logo.svg|80px]] **[https://google.com/maps গুগল ড্ৰাইভ ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল মীট]]''' 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[https://web.archive.org/web/20260106084713/https://assamesepedia.miraheze.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%9F] [[File:Google_Sheets_2020_Logo.svg|15px]] **[https://google.com/sheets গুগল শ্বীট ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল শ্লাইডচ্]]''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20260106142036/https://assamesepedia.miraheze.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D] [[File:Google_Slides_2020_Logo.svg|15px]] **[https://google.com/slides গুগল ক্ৰম ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল ট্ৰান্সলেট]]''' [[File:Google_Translate_logo.svg|20px]] **[https://translate.google.com/ গুগল ট্ৰান্সলেট ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[গুগল ৱালেট]]''' [https://assamesepedia.miraheze.org/wiki/গুগল_ৱালেট] [[File:Google_Wallet_icon.svg|20px]] **[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.walletnfcrel গুগল ৱালেট ডাউনলোড লিংক] *'''[[ইমেজেন]]''' **[https://deepmind.google/models/imagen/ ইমেজন ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[লাইভ ট্ৰেন্সক্ৰাইব]]''' **[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.audio.hearing.visualization.accessibility.scribe লাইভ ট্ৰেন্সক্ৰাইব ডাউনলোড লিংক] *'''[[ফটোমেথ]]''' [[File:PhotoMath_Logo.png|30px]] **[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.microblink.photomath ফটোমেথ ডাউনলোড লিংক] *'''[[ৰিড এলং বাই গুগল]]''' **[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.seekh ৰিড এলং বাই গুগল ডাউনলোড লিংক] *'''[[ইউটিউব]]''' [[File:YouTube_2024.svg|70px]] **[https://youtube.com/ ইউটিউব ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[ইউটিউব কিডচ্]]''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20260106051507/https://assamesepedia.miraheze.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D] [[File:YouTube_Kids_logo.svg|90px]] **[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.android.apps.youtube.kids ইউটিউব কিডচ্ ডাউনলোড লিংক] *'''[[ইউটিউব মিউজিক]]''' [[File:YouTube_Music_2024.svg|60px]] **[https://music.youtube.com/ ইউটিউব মিউজিক ৱেবছাইট লিংক] *'''[[ইউটিউব ষ্টুডিঅ']]''' [[File:YouTube_Studio_logo.svg|60px]] **[https://studio.youtube.com/ ইউটিউব ষ্টুডিঅ' ৱেবছাইট লিংক] '''''বৰ্তমান বন্ধ হোৱা পৰিসেৱাবিলাক:''''' *'''[[অৰ্কুট]]''' [https://assamesepedia.miraheze.org/wiki/অৰ্কুট] [[File:Logo_ORKUT.svg|30px]] **[[২৪ জানুৱাৰী]] ২০০৪-ৰ পৰা [[৩০ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]] ২০১৪ লৈ '''অৰ্কুট''' আছিল জনপ্ৰিয় সামাজিক মাধ্যম। *'''[[গুগল প্লাচ]]''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20260106073104/https://assamesepedia.miraheze.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A] [[File:Google_Plus_logo_(2015-2019).svg|20px]] **২০১৯ চনৰ [[২ এপ্ৰিল]] তাৰিখে গুগল প্লাচ বন্ধ কৰা হয়। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references/> ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== <!-- DO ''not'' add links --> {{sisterlinks|Google}} * {{official website|www.google.com}} * [http://www.google.com/corporate Corporate homepage] * [http://googleblog.blogspot.com/ Official blog] * {{YouTube channel|Google}} * {{crunchbase}} * [http://research.google.com/ Google Research] * [https://web.archive.org/web/19981111183552/http://google.stanford.edu/ Google website from November 11, 1998] at the [[Internet Archive]] *{{Dmoz|Computers/Companies/Google%2C_Inc./}} *{{OpenCorp}} {{Google Inc.}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইণ্টাৰনেট]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৱৰ্ল্ড ৱাইড ৱেব]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কোম্পানী]] [[শ্ৰেণী: গুগল]] ju49y6if2f49fv19r06oz8wc4cv6vqa 0 21738 646118 639519 2026-10-19T20:22:49Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{অনুবাদ}} '''কপিৰাইট''' ({{lang-en|copyright}}) এটা আইনী সংজ্ঞা। স্ৰষ্টাৰ নিজৰ সৃষ্টিৰ (যেনে, লেখা, সংগীত বা শিল্প-কলা), ছপা, প্ৰচাৰ, বিতৰণ, আৰু প্ৰদৰ্শন, সংৰক্ষণৰ ওপৰত স্ৰষ্টাৰ আৰু অকল স্ৰষ্টাৰ আইনী অধিকাৰ থাকে। এই আইনী অধিকাৰকে কপিৰাইট (স্বত্ব্ব) বোলা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/copyright |title=Definition of copyright (British & World English) |publisher=Oxforddictionaries.com |date=2013-01-30 |accessdate=2013-02-04 |archivedate=2012-05-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502093219/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/copyright |deadurl=yes }}</ref> এই আইনী অধিকাৰ অনুযায়ী স্ৰষ্টাই নিজৰ কৰ্মক কেনেকৈ কি চৰ্তত আনক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ দিব, তাৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ অধিকাৰ নিজেই বহন কৰে। সাধাৰণতে ৰচয়িতাৰ সমগ্ৰ জীৱনকাল আৰু তেখেতৰ মৃত্যুৰপৰা নিৰ্দিষ্ট এক কালৰ ভিতৰত ৰচয়িতাৰ নামত এই আইনী অধিকাৰ থাকে। দেশৰ আইন ব্যৱস্থাই কপিৰাইটৰ কাল আৰু অন্যান্য চৰ্ত নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰে। কপিৰাইট 'বৌদ্ধিক সম্পত্তিৰ অধিকাৰ'ৰ (Intellectual Property Right) অন্তৰ্গত। এই আইনৰ অধীনতে ট্ৰেডমাৰ্ক, পেটেণ্ট আদিও আছে। কিন্তু কপিৰাইটৰ ভিতৰতে মূলতে মূল কৰ্মৰ প্ৰতিলিপি কৰাৰ অধিকাৰক লোৱা হৈছে। সেয়ে ইয়াক 'প্ৰতিলিপি স্বত্ব'ও<ref>আধুনিক অসমীয়া অভিধান, বাণী মন্দিৰ, গুৱাহাটী, পৃ ৬৭৭</ref> বোলা হয়। কি কি কৰ্মক কপিৰাইট আইনৰ ভিতৰত ধৰা হ'ব সেইটো দেশৰ সংশ্লিষ্ট আইনত নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হয়। ==ইতিহাস== [[ছপাশাল]] আৱিষ্কাৰৰ আগলৈ ৰচয়িতাৰ স্বত্ব সম্বন্ধে আইনী ব্যৱস্থাৰ কথা ভবা হোৱা নাছিল। ছপাশালে ৰচনা আৰু শিল্পৰ প্ৰতিলিপি কৰাটো সহজলভ্য কৰি তোলাৰ পাছত সপ্তদশ শতিকাত "Licensing of the Press Act 1662" ইংলেণ্ডৰ সংসদত গৃহীত হয়<ref>Copyright in Historical Perspective, p. 136-137, Patterson, 1968, Vanderbilt Univ. Press</ref>। সেই দিনত প্ৰকাশকে নিজৰ ইচ্ছা অনুসৰি কিতাপৰ প্ৰতিলিপি প্ৰস্তুত কৰি বিক্ৰী কৰিব পাৰিছিল। উক্ত আইনৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰকাশকৰ সকলো কিতাপ এক নিকায়ৰ দ্বাৰা অনুমোদিত কৰিবলগীয়া হৈছিল আৰু আৰু নিকায়ৰ হাতত থকা পুৰণি তথ্যৰ আলমত একেখন কিতাপৰ প্ৰতিলিপি প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈ আছে নেকি জানিব পৰা গৈছিল। [[File:Statute of anne.jpg|thumb|left|250px|১৭১০ চনত ইংলেণ্ডত গৃহীত "The Statute of Anne"]] প্ৰকৃত অৰ্থত কপিৰাইট বা প্ৰতিলিপি স্বত্বৰ আইন প্ৰণয়ন হয়, The Statute of Anne-ৰ যোগেদি।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.copyrighthistory.com/anne.html |title=History of Copyright: Statute of Anne, 1710 |publisher=Copyrighthistory.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-04}}</ref> ১৭১০ চনত ইংলেণ্ডত এই আইন প্ৰনয়ন কৰা হয়। এই আইনৰ যোগেদি লিখকৰপৰা প্ৰতিলিপি গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ পাছত প্ৰকাশকে ১৪ বছৰলৈ সেই লেখা প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ আৰু পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰাৰ আইনী স্বত্ব লাভ কৰিছিল। উক্ত আইনত উল্লেখ কৰা আছিল, সেই সময়ত প্ৰকাশক, কিতাপ বেচোঁতা সকলে অসীমিত ভাৱে প্ৰতিলিপি তৈয়াৰ কৰি ধন ঘটিছিল যদিও তাৰ অংশ লেখকক দিয়া নহৈছিল আৰু নিজৰ সৃষ্টিৰ ওপৰত লেখকৰ অধিকাৰ সাব্যস্ত কৰিবলৈয়ে এই আইন প্ৰণয়ন কৰা হৈছিল। এই আইনৰ যোগেদি ৰচয়িতাৰ অৰ্থৰ অধিকাৰ নিৰ্দিষ্ট কৰি দিয়াৰ উপৰিও আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত এই আইনৰ যোগেদিয়েই ৰচয়িতাই নিজৰ সৃষ্টিৰ প্ৰকাশ আৰু বিতৰণৰ ওপৰত নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিব পাৰে বুলি ৰায় দিয়া হৈছিল। এই আইন প্ৰণয়নৰ আগতে প্ৰকাশিত সমলৰ বাবে ২১ বছৰৰ সময় সীমা বান্ধি দিয়া হৈছিল। ১৭৮৩ চনত আমেৰিকাৰ কনেটিকাট-ত প্ৰথমে কপিৰাইটৰ নিয়মৰ প্ৰণয়ন কৰা হৈছিল<ref name=copyex>{{cite web |url=http://www.copyrightextension.com/page00.html |title=Copyright Extension |publisher=Copyright Extension |date= |accessdate=2013-02-04 |archivedate=2013-01-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115121235/http://www.copyrightextension.com/page00.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref>। পাছলৈ আন ৰাজ্যসমূহতো এনে নিয়ম প্ৰণয়ন কৰা হয়। ১৭৮৭ চনত গৃহীত আমেৰিকাৰ সংবিধানত 'কপিৰাইট অনুচ্ছেদ' সংযোজিত হৈছিল। এই অনুচ্ছেদত কোৱা হৈছিল যে, 'বিজ্ঞান আৰু কলাৰ বিকাশৰ বাবে লেখক আৰু আৱিষ্কাৰকক এটা নিৰ্দিষ্ট সময়সীমালৈহে নিজৰ কৰ্মৰাজিক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰা অধিকাৰ দিয়া হৈছে। ' আমেৰিকাৰ কপিৰাইট অনুচ্ছেদত সামগ্ৰিক বিকাশৰ বাবে সকলো জ্ঞান আৰু আৱিষ্কাৰ ৰাইজৰ মাজত বিতৰণ কৰাত থকা বাধা-নিষেধ কমোৱাৰ চেষ্টা কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে একেসময়তে ৰচয়িতাই নিজৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰপৰা অৰ্থালাভ কৰিলে এনে অৱদান বাঢ়ি যোৱাৰ কথাও স্বীকাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। সেয়ে এই অনুচ্ছেদ অনুসৰি ১৪ বছৰৰ বাবে লেখক আৰু আৱিষ্কাৰকে নিজৰ অধিকাৰ সাব্যস্ত কৰিব পাৰিছিল আৰু অনুমতি লৈ আন চৈধ্য বছৰৰ বাবে অধিকাৰ ল'ব পাৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ পাছত তেওঁলোকৰ কৰ্মৰাজি প্ৰতিলিপি স্বত্বৰ বাহিৰত পৰা বুলি গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল। এই অনুচ্ছেদৰ মতে নিজৰ স্বত্ব দাবী কৰাৰ বাবে ৰচয়িতাই আবেদন কৰিব লাগিছিল। ১৭৯০ চনত প্ৰথমে আমেৰিকাৰ কপিৰাইট এক্ট প্ৰণয়ন কৰা হয়<ref name=copyex />। ১৮৮৬ চনত [[ছুইজাৰলেণ্ড]]ৰ [[বাৰ্ন]] চহৰত অনুষ্ঠিত [[বাৰ্ন সন্মিলন]]ৰ (সাহিত্যিক আৰু শিল্পকৰ্মৰ সুৰক্ষাৰ বাবে সন্মিলন) যোগেদি স্বাধীন ৰাষ্ট্ৰ সমূহৰ মাজত সাহিত্য আৰু শিল্পকলাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত স্ৰষ্টাৰ অধিকাৰক আন্তৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ভাৱে ন্যায্যতা দিয়াৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা লোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ আগলৈ দ্বিপাক্ষিক চুক্তিৰ জৰিয়তে এনে ন্যায্যতা দিয়াৰ নিয়ম আছিল। বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনৰ যোগেদিয়েই সিদ্ধান্ত লোৱা হৈছিল সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ লগে লগেই কপিৰাইটৰ স্বত্ব ৰচয়িতাৰ হাতলৈ নিজে নিজে আহিব। ইয়াৰ বাবে তেখেতে বেলেগে অনুমোদন বা আবেদন কৰাৰ প্ৰয়োজন নাই। আৰ্ এই অধিকাৰ বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনত ভাগ লোৱা সমূহ ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰযোজ্য হ'ব।<ref name="Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works Article 5">{{cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html#P109_16834 |title=Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works Article 5 |accessdate=2011-11-18 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization |archivedate=2012-09-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911051959/http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html#P109_16834 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> কোনো সৃষ্টিৰ ওপৰত স্বত্ব এৰি দিবলৈ ৰচয়িতাই নথীভুক্ত ভাৱে দাবিলুপ্তিৰ জাননী দিব লাগিব, এক নিৰ্দিষ্ট সময়ৰ পাছত ৰচয়িতাৰ স্বত্বৰ ম্যাদ নিজে নিজে উকলি যাব। ৰচয়িতাৰ নিজৰ দেশৰ বাহিৰে বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনত অংশ লোৱা সকলো দেশতে এই দাবি ন্যায্য হ'ব। ১৮৮৭ চনত ইংলেণ্ডে বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনৰ সংলগ্ন দেশৰ অংশ হয়, কিন্তু এশ বছৰ পাছতহে তেওঁলোকে বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনৰ সকলো নিয়ম পালন কৰি ১৯৮৮ চনত 'কপিৰাইট, ডিজাইন আৰু পেটেণ্ট আইন ১৯৮৮' প্ৰনয়ন কৰে। [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ও বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনৰ অংশ নাছিল। ১৯৮৯ চনতহে আমেৰিকাই বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনৰ অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ আৰু বেছিভাগ লেটিন আমেৰিকাৰ দেশে ১৯১০ চনত অনুষ্ঠিত [[বুয়েন্‌ছ আয়াৰ্ছ সন্মিলন]]ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। এই সন্মিলনত স্বত্ব সংৰক্ষিত কৰ্মৰ ওপৰত জাননী (যেনে, "all rights reserved" ) দিয়াটো বাধ্যতামূলক আছিল। অন্যথাই তাক স্বত্বৰ বাহিৰৰ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল। অংশগ্ৰহণ কাৰী ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহে কোনো কৰ্মৰ ওপৰত থকা স্বত্বৰ কাল চুটি কৰিব পাৰিছিল বা পুনৰ অনুমোদনৰ বাবে ধাৰ্য কৰিব পাৰিছিল।<ref>[http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.html International Copyright Relations of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328192739/http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38a.html |date=2007-03-28 }}", U.S.&nbsp;Copyright Office Circular No.&nbsp;38a, August&nbsp;2003.</ref><ref>[http://www.unesco.org/culture/copyright/html_eng/ucc52ms.pdf Parties to the Geneva Act of the Universal Copyright Convention] as of 2000-01-01: the dates given in the document are dates of ratification, not dates of coming into force. The Geneva Act came into force on 1955-09-16 for the first twelve to have ratified (which included four non-members of the Berne Union as required by Art.&nbsp;9.1), or three months after ratification for other countries.</ref><ref>[http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/documents/pdf/berne.pdf Parties to the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works] as of 2006-05-30.</ref> ১৯৫২ চনত [[আন্তৰ্জাতিক কপিৰাইট সন্মিলন]]ত বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনৰ নিয়মাৱলীক কিছু শিথিল কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ছোভিয়েট ৰাছিয়াকে ধৰি কেবাখনো উন্নয়নশীল ৰাষ্ট্ৰই ইয়াক সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল। [[বিশ্ব বাণিজ্য সংস্থা]]ৰ 'বৌদ্ধিক সম্পত্তিৰ স্বত্বাধিকাৰৰ বাণিজ্যিক ৰূপৰ চুক্তি, ১৯৯৫' (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)) গৃহীত হোৱাৰ পাছত বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনৰ সমূহ নিয়মাৱলী প্ৰায় পৃথিৱীব্যাপী হৈ পৰে।<ref name="Contemporary Intellectual Property: Law and Policy">{{cite book |title=[Contemporary Intellectual Property: Law and Policy http://www.google.com/books?id=_Iwcn4pT0OoC&dq=contemporary+intellectual+property&source=gbs_navlinks_s] |url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryinte0000macq |pages=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryinte0000macq/page/39 39] |author=MacQueen, Hector L; Charlotte Waelde and Graeme T Laurie |isbn=9780199263394 |year=2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> ২০০২ চনত গৃহীত "বিশ্ব বৌদ্ধিক সম্পত্তি সংস্থাৰ কপিৰাইট চুক্তি" (World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty (WIPO Copyright Treaty))-ৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ জৰিয়তে মৌলিক কৰ্মৰ নকল প্ৰস্তুত কৰাত থকা বাধা-নিষেধ কঠোৰ কৰা হয়। আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ কংগ্ৰেছত [[ৱাল্ট ডিজনী]] কোম্পানীৰ হেঁচাৰ বাবেই ধীৰে ধীৰে কপিৰাইটৰ কাল বৃদ্ধি হৈ আৰম্ভণিৰ ১৪ বছৰৰপৰা বৰ্তমানৰ ৭০ বছৰ পাইছে। ==পৰিসৰ== সৃজনীমূলক, বৌদ্ধিক, কলাত্মক আদি কেবাপ্ৰকাৰৰ কৰ্মৰ বাবে কপিৰাইটৰ ব্যৱস্থা আছে। কি কি কৰ্মক কপিৰাইটৰ অধীনত ধৰা হ'ব সেইটো দেশখনৰ কপিৰাইট আইনৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখ কৰা হয়। সাধাৰণতে যিকোনো লেখনী, নাটক, চলচ্চিত্ৰ, সংগীত, বাণীবদ্ধ কৰা ধ্বনি, ছবি, ভাস্কৰ্য, আলোক ছবি, কম্পিউটাৰ প্ৰোগ্ৰাম, সম্প্ৰচাৰ, ডিজাইন আদি কপিৰাইট আইনৰ অন্তৰ্গত হয়। উদ্যোগিক ডিজাইন আদি কপিৰাইটৰ বাহিৰে আন আইনৰ জৰিয়তেও সংৰক্ষিত কৰা হ'ব পাৰে।<ref name="Intellectual Property and Information Wealth: Copyright and related rights">{{cite book |title=[http://www.google.com/books?id=tgK9BzcF5WgC&dq=statute+of+anne+copyright&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_navlinks_s Intellectual Property and Information Wealth: Copyright and related rights] |pages=346 |author=Peter K, Yu |isbn=9780275988838 |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/intproperty/909/wipo_pub_909.pdf| format = PDF| last = World Intellectual Property Organisation| title = Understanding Copyright and Related Rights| publisher = WIPO| accessdate = August 2008| pages = 8| archivedate = 2013-01-16| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130116005531/http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/intproperty/909/wipo_pub_909.pdf| deadurl = yes}}</ref> প্ৰাৰম্ভিক ধাৰণা, বাতৰি আদি কপিৰাইটৰ অন্তৰ্গত নহয়। কিন্তু সেই ধাৰণা, বাতৰি আদি যিটো শৈলীত (manner) আৰু মাধ্যমত (form) প্ৰকাশ কৰা হৈছে সেইখিনি কপিৰাইট আইনৰ অধীকৃত হয়।<ref name="Art and copyright">{{cite book |title=[http://www.google.com/books?id=h-XBqKIryaQC&dq=idea-expression+dichotomy&lr=&as_brr=3&source=gbs_navlinks_s Art and copyright] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/artcopyright0000stok/page/48 48]–49 |author=Simon, Stokes |isbn=9781841132259 |year=2001 |publisher=Hart Publishing }}</ref> উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে, ৱাল্ট ডিজনী কোম্পানীৰ দ্বাৰা স্বত্ব সংৰক্ষিত '[[মিকি মাউছ]]'ৰ একেবিধৰ প্ৰতিলিপি নিজাকৈ বা কোনো মাধ্যমত উপযুক্ত অনুমোদন অবিহনে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব নোৱাৰি, কিন্তু নিগনী এটাৰ আন যিকোনো কাৰ্টুনীয় ৰূপ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাত কোনো বাধা নাই। নিগনী এটাক কাৰ্টুনৰ ৰূপ দিয়াটো এটা ধাৰণা যিটোৰ ওপৰত কোনো কপিৰাইট নাখাটে। কিন্তু সেই ৰূপটো মিকি মাউছৰ দৰে হ'ব নালাগিব, কাৰণ মিকি মাউছৰ স্বত্ব সংৰক্ষিত আছে। অৱশ্যে ঠিক কিমানখিনি পাৰ্থক্য থাকিলে সেইটো মিকি মাউছৰ নকল বুলি ধৰা নহ'ব সেইটো বিচাৰযোগ্য।<ref name="Art and copyright"/> বহুতো দেশৰ আইনত কিছূমান ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে স্বত্বধাৰীৰ অনুমোদন নোহোৱাকৈ প্ৰতিলিপি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি। তেনে ব্যৱহাৰ কপিৰাইট আইনৰ অধীনতে সংজ্ঞাবদ্ধ কৰা থাকে। সাধাৰণতে সমালোচনা বা সেই বিষয় সংলগ্ন আলোচনাৰ বাবে মূল কৰ্মৰ কিছূ অংশ অপৰিৱৰ্তিত ৰূপত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি। এই নিয়ম দেশৰ আইন আনুসাৰে বেলেগ বেলেগ হয়। এনে ব্যৱহাৰকে 'সমূচিত প্ৰয়োগ' (Fair Use বা Fair Dealing) বোলা হয়। [[বাৰ্ন সন্মিলন]] আৰু [[বিশ্ব কপিৰাইট সন্মিলন]]ৰ নিয়মাৱলী অনুসৰি দেশীয় কপিৰাইট আইন প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয় বাবে সাধাৰণতে অংশগ্ৰহণ কাৰী দেশসমূহৰ কপিৰাইটৰ পৰিসৰ প্ৰায় একে হোৱা পৰিলক্ষিত হয়। ==কপিৰাইটৰ ন্যায্যতা== <!--কপিৰাইটৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা আৰু এই সম্পৰ্কীয় বিতৰ্ক--> ==কপিৰাইট আহৰণ আৰু বাহালকৰণ== [[File:Fermat Last Theorem "proof" registered by Ukraine officials.jpg|thumb|left|ইউক্ৰেইনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বৌদ্ধিক সম্পত্তি দপ্তৰে প্ৰদান কৰা কপিৰাইট প্ৰমাণপত্ৰ। বিষয়ঃ [[ফাৰ্মাৰ প্ৰমেয়]]ৰ প্ৰমাণ। ]] কপিৰাইট আহৰণৰ বাবে স্ৰষ্টাৰ মৌলিক কৰ্ম হোৱাটো প্ৰয়োজনীয়। আৰু এটা নিৰ্দিষ্ট কালৰ পাছত এই কৰ্ম কপিৰাইটৰ বাহিৰ হৈ যায়। বেলেগ বেলেগ দেশত মৌলিকতাৰ ভিন্ন নিয়ম প্ৰচলিত। ইংলেণ্ডত যি কৰ্মৰ বাবে ৰচয়িতাৰ 'কিছু কুশলতা, পৰিশ্ৰম আৰু বিবেচনা'ৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছে তেনে কৰ্মৰ বাবে ৰচয়িতাৰ কপিৰাইট অধিকাৰ প্ৰযোজ্য হ'ব।<ref>''Express Newspaper Plc v News (UK) Plc'', F.S.R. 36 (1991)</ref> অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া আৰু আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰত এটা শব্দৰো কপিৰাইট ল'ব পাৰি। সাধাৰণতে এটা শব্দ বা বাক্যাংশৰ কপিৰাইট নলৈ [[ট্ৰেডমাৰ্ক]] লোৱা হয়। কপিৰাইটৰ বাবে ৰচয়িতাৰ কৰ্ম মৌলিক হয় নে সেইটো চোৱা হয়, অনন্য/একমাত্ৰ/অদ্বিতীয় হোৱাৰ প্ৰয়োজন নাই। প্ৰায় একেবিধৰ কিন্তু নিজস্ব কৰ্মৰ বাবে দুগৰাকী ব্যক্তিয়ে কপিৰাইট পাব পাৰে। অৱশ্যে ইয়াৰ বাবে কোনোটো কৰ্মই আনটোৰ নকল বা প্ৰভাৱান্বিত হ'ব নোৱাৰিব। যিবোৰ দেশ বাৰ্ণ সন্মিলনৰ অংশীদাৰ সেইবোৰত কপিৰাইট স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় ভাৱেই ৰচয়িতাৰ হাতলৈ আহে। ইয়াৰ বাবে কোনো আধিকাৰীক পঞ্জীয়ন কৰাৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা নাই। নিজৰ সৃষ্টিক যিকোনো প্ৰকাৰে সংৰক্ষণ কৰাৰ পাছতেই ৰচয়িতাই কপিৰাইট দাবী কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works Article 5"/> কপিৰাইট আহৰণৰ বাবে কোনো পঞ্জীয়ন বাধ্যতামূলক নহ'লেও ৰচয়িতাই আধিকাৰীক বিভাগত নিজৰ কৰ্মৰ পঞ্জীয়ন কৰি ৰাখিব পাৰে। এনে পঞ্জীয়নৰ প্ৰমাণপত্ৰ সেই ব্যক্তিৰ কপিৰাইট ধাৰণৰ পৰ্যাপ্ত প্ৰমাণ হিচাপে আইনতঃ বিবেচিত হয়। আইনতঃ কপিৰাইটৰ ধাৰক ৰচয়িতাক নিয়োগ কৰা নিয়োগকৰ্তাও হ'ব পাৰে, যদিহে ৰচয়িতাই সেই কৰ্ম 'নিযুক্তিৰ' (work for hire) ভিতৰত কৰিছিল।<ref>17 U.S.C. § 201(b); Cmty. for Creative Non-Violence v. Reid, 490 U.S. 730 (1989)</ref> কপিৰাইটৰ বাহালকৰণ কৰা হয় [[দেৱানী আদালত]]ৰ জৰিয়তে। কেতিয়াবা কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়া [[ফৌজদাৰী আদালত]]তো চলিব পাৰে। নিজৰ কৰ্মৰ পঞ্জীয়ন প্ৰমাণ-পত্ৰই কপিৰাইট বাহাল থকাৰ প্ৰমাণ দিলেও, এই প্ৰমাণ-পত্ৰই কৰ্মৰ মৌলিকতা সাব্যস্ত নকৰে। একে ধৰণে কৰ্মৰ নকলকো সদায়ে কপিৰাইট ভংগৰ হিচাপত ধৰা নহয়। কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত মূল কৰ্মৰ নকল আইনী ভাৱে বৈধ হ'বও পাৰে। সাধাৰণতে বিশেষ অৰ্থক্ষতি নহ'লে ফৌজদাৰী গোচৰ তৰা নহয়, কিন্তু বৰ্তমান ইণ্টাৰনেটৰ বহল ব্যৱহাৰৰ বাবে ইজনে-সিজনলৈ ফাইল ট্ৰান্সফাৰ কৰা কাৰ্যকো কপিৰাইটৰ গুৰুতৰ উলংঘন বুলি ধৰা হয়। ===কপিৰাইট সংৰক্ষণৰ খৰচ=== প্ৰায়ভাগ ন্যায়িক এক্তিয়াৰতে কপিৰাইট অধিকাৰী জনেই কপিৰাইট বাহাল ৰখাৰ যাৱতীয় খৰচ বহন কৰিব লাগে। ন্যায়িক সংৰক্ষণ, প্ৰশাসন আৰু আদালতৰ খৰচ আদি কপিৰাইট অধিকাৰীজনেই বহন কৰে। কপিৰাইট উলংঘনৰ ফলত হোৱা অৰ্থহানি আৰু বাহাল কৰিবলৈ যাওঁতে হোৱা আদালতৰ খৰচৰ পাৰ্থক্য বেছি নহ'লে বা কেতিয়াবা বাহাল কৰাৰ খৃছ বেছি হ'ব পাৰে, তেনে ক্ষেত্ৰত কপিৰাইটৰ উলংঘনৰ বিবাদ আদালতৰ বাহিৰতে সংশ্লিষ্ট দুই পক্ষৰ মাজত নিস্পত্তি কৰা হয়। ===কপিৰাইট জাননী=== [[File:Copyright.svg|thumb|150px|কপিৰাইট জাননীত ব্যৱহৃত এটা কপিৰাইট চিহ্ন]] আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰত ১৯৮৯ চনৰ কপিৰাইট আইন অনুসৰি কপিৰাইট সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে বিশেষ ভাৱে চিহ্নিত কৰি থোৱাৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল। কপিৰাইট চিহ্ন ({{Unicode|©}}, এটা বৃত্তৰ ভিতৰত '''C''' আখৰটো), বা "Copr.", বা "Copyright", আৰু তাৰ পাছতে সংৰক্ষণ কৰিব খোজা কৰ্মৰ প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশৰ বছৰটো উল্লেখ কৰি থোৱা হৈছিল।<ref>Copyright Act of 1976, {{USPL|94|553}}, 90 Stat. 2541, § 401(a) (October 19, 1976)</ref><ref>The Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988 (BCIA), {{USPL|100|568}}, 102 Stat. 2853, 2857. One of the changes introduced by the BCIA was to section 401, which governs copyright notices on published copies, specifying that notices "'''may''' be placed on" such copies; prior to the BCIA, the statute read that notices "'''shall''' be placed on all" such copies. An analogous change was made in section 402, dealing with copyright notices on phonorecords.</ref> বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনীত অংশ গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ পাছত এই বাধ্যতামূলক নিয়ম উঠাই লোৱা হয়। বাৰ্ন সন্মিলনৰ মতে কৰ্মত ৰচয়িতাৰ কপিৰাইট অধিকাৰ স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় আৰু তাক জনাবলৈ কোনো জাননী জাৰী কৰাৰ প্ৰয়োজন নাই। ধ্বনি ৰেকৰ্ডিঙৰ বাবে {{Unicode|℗}} এই চিনটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। ''[[All rights reserved]]'' বাক্যাংশও কপিৰাইট জাননীৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। বাৰ্ন সন্মলনৰ অংশীদাৰ হিচাপে ভাৰতবৰ্ষত কপিৰাইট অধিকাৰ লাভৰ বাবে জাননী প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰাটো বাধ্যতামূলক নহয়। অৱশ্যে কপিৰাইট জাননী উল্লেখ কৰি থ'লে আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়া সহায়ক হয়। বিবাদী পক্ষই 'অজানিত উলংঘন'ৰ দাবী প্ৰয়োগ কৰিব নোৱাৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Copyright Office - Information Circular |url=http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ03.html |access-date=2012-03-16 |archivedate=2009-03-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326042005/http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ03.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>[[17 U.S.C.]] {{UnitedStatesCodeSec|17|401(d)}}</ref> ==একচেটীয়া অধিকাৰ== কপিৰাইট অধিকাৰীৰ কিছুমান একচেটীয়া অধিকাৰ থাকেঃ * নিজৰ কৰ্মৰ প্ৰতিলপি প্ৰস্তুত কৰা আৰু তাক বিক্ৰী কৰা * সেই কৰ্মক আমদানী বা ৰপ্তানী কৰা * সেই কৰ্মৰ ভিত্তিত অইন কৰ্ম প্ৰস্তুত কৰা * কৰ্মৰক ৰাজহুৱা ভাৱে প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰা * সমূহ অধিকাৰ অইনৰ অধীনলৈ প্ৰেৰণ কৰা * ৰেডিঅ' বা ভিডিঅ' মাধ্যমেৰে সম্পৰ্চাৰ কৰা<ref name="Intellectual Property and Information Wealth: Copyright and related rights"/> কপিৰাইট অধিকাৰীয়ে ওপৰত উল্লিখিত সকলো অধিকাৰ নিজৰ আৰু একান্ত নিজৰ ইচ্ছা আৰু বিবেচনা মতে প্ৰয়োগ কৰিব পাৰে। সেইবাবেই ইয়াক ''একচেটীয়া অধিকাৰ'' বোলা হয়। অইন কোনোবাই অনুমতি অবিহনে এনে কৰ্ম কৰিলে তেখেতে বাধা দিব পাৰে। কপিৰাইটক সেইবাবে 'ঋণাত্মক অধিকাৰো' বোলা হয়, কাৰণ ইয়াৰ যোগেদি আনৰ হাতৰপৰা কিছুমান অধিকাৰ কাঢ়ি লোৱা হয়। কপিৰাইটক সেয়ে সম্পত্তিৰ অধিকাৰৰ সলনি নৈতিক অধিকাৰৰ ভিতৰত সাঙুৰিব লাগে বুলি কিছুমানে মত পোষণ কৰে। {{Citation needed|date=April 2008}} ===ব্যৱহাৰৰ আহিলা=== আমেৰিকান কপিৰাইটৰ নিয়ম অনুসৰি যদি কোনো চিত্ৰ বা ভাস্কৰ্য্য বা যিকোনো কৰ্ম এবিধ ব্যৱহাৰৰ আহিলা (সঁজুলি) হিচাপে ব্যৱহৃত হয়, তেন্তে ইয়াক কপিৰাইটৰ অন্তৰ্গত কৰিবলৈ হলে ইয়াৰ নান্দনিক অংশক ব্যৱহাৰিক অংশৰপৰা পৃথক কৰিবপৰা হ'ব লাগিব।<ref name="U.S Copyright Office - Copyright Law: Chapter 1">{{cite web |url=http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html |title=U.S Copyright Office - Copyright Law: Chapter 1 |accessdate=2011-11-16}}</ref> ==কপিৰাইটৰ সীমাবদ্ধতা আৰু ব্যতিক্ৰম== {{main|Limitations and exceptions to copyright}} ===ধাৰণা-প্ৰকাশ দ্বিবিভাজন (idea-expression dichotomy) আৰু সংযোগী নীতি (merger doctrine)=== {{main|Idea-expression divide}} ধাৰণা-প্ৰকাশ দ্বিবিভাজন অনুসৰি কপিৰাইটৰ জৰিয়তে অকল ধাৰণা এটাৰ প্ৰকাশহৰ ওপৰতহে স্বত্ব অৰ্পিত থাকে। মূল ধাৰণাটো কপিৰাইটৰ অন্তৰ্গত নহয়। ১৮৭৯ চনত বেকাৰ বনাম ছেলডেন-ৰ মামলাত ইয়াক সংজ্ঞাবদ্ধ কৰা হয়, আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ কপিৰাইট আইন ১৯৭৬-ত ইয়াক অন্তৰ্ভুক্তকৰা হয়। ===প্ৰথম বিক্ৰীৰ নিয়ম আৰু স্বত্বৰ সমাপ্তি (first-sale doctrine and exhaustion of rights)=== {{main|First-sale doctrine|Exhaustion of rights}} কপিৰাইট আইনৰ অধীনত বিধিগত ভাৱে কিনি লোৱা কপিৰাইট থকা বস্তু আকৌ বিক্ৰী কৰাত কোনো বাধা নাই, অৱশ্যে আহৰণৰ সময়ত সেই বস্তু কপিৰাইট ধাৰকৰ অনুমতি সৈতে আহৰণ কৰা হ'ব লাগিব। এই নিয়মৰ অধীনত এবাৰ কিনি লোৱা বস্তু আন এজনক বিক্ৰী কৰাত কপিৰাইটৰ উলংঘা কৰা নহয়। আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰত ইয়াক 'প্ৰথম বিক্ৰীৰ নিয়ম' (firsrt sale doctrine) বুলি জনা যায়। কিছুমান দেশত পুনৰ বিক্ৰীৰ অংশও কপিৰাইটে ধাৰক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিব পাৰে। এই নিয়মৰ অধীনতে এখন দেশত বিক্ৰীৰ বাবে অনুমোদিত কিতাপ আন দেশত বিক্ৰী কৰিলে সেইটো কপিৰাইট উলংঘনৰ ভিতৰত পৰে। প্ৰথম বিক্ৰীৰ নিয়মৰ অধীনতে অইন দেশত এই নিয়ম লাঘূ নোহোৱাটোকে স্বত্বৰ সমাপ্তি বোলা হয়। কিতাপৰ বাহিৰেও [[পেটেণ্ট]] আৰু [[ট্ৰেডমাৰ্ক]]ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতো এই নিয়ম অইন ধাৰাৰ অধীনত লাঘূ হয়। 'প্ৰথম বিক্ৰীৰ নিয়ম'ৰ অধীনত একোটা প্ৰতিলিপিহে বিক্ৰী বা হাত-সলিন কৰিব পাৰে, মূল কৰ্মৰ প্ৰতিলিপি তৈয়াৰ কৰি বিতৰণ কৰাটো এই নিয়মৰ ভিতৰত অবৈধ। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও বিধি সন্মত ভাৱে আহৰণ কৰা কপিৰাইট থকা কৰ্মকো গৰাকীয়ে নিজৰ ইচ্ছামতে সলনি কৰিব পাৰে, কিন্তু সেই সলনি কৰা কৰ্ম নিজে প্ৰতিলিপি কৰি বিতৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰে। [[নৈতিক অধিকাৰ (কপিৰাইট আইন)|নৈতিক অধিকাৰ]]-ৰ নিয়ম মানি চলা দেশত কিছু ক্ষেত্ৰত মূল কপিৰাইট ধাৰকে এনে সলনি কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত বাধা দিব পাৰে, যদিহে সেই সলনি ৰাজহুৱা ভাৱে দৃশ্যমান হয়। ===Fair use and fair dealing=== {{main|Fair use|Fair dealing}} Copyright does not prohibit all copying or replication. In the United States, the [[Fair use|fair use doctrine]], codified by the [[United States Copyright Act of 1976|Copyright Act of 1976]] as 17 U.S.C. Section 107, permits some copying and distribution without permission of the copyright holder or payment to same. The statute does not clearly define fair use, but instead gives four non-exclusive factors to consider in a fair use analysis. Those factors are: # the purpose and character of your use # the nature of the copyrighted work # what amount and proportion of the whole work was taken, and # the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.html |title=US CODE: Title 17,107. Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use |publisher=.law.cornell.edu |date=2009-05-20 |accessdate=2009-06-16}}</ref> In the [[United Kingdom]] and many other [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries, a similar notion of fair dealing was established by the [[court]]s or through [[legislation]]. The concept is sometimes not well defined; however in [[Canada]], private copying for personal use has been expressly permitted by statute since 1999. In Australia, the [[fair dealing]] exceptions under the ''Copyright Act 1968'' (Cth) are a limited set of circumstances under which copyrighted material can be legally copied or adapted without the copyright holder's consent. Fair dealing uses are research and study; review and critique; news reportage and the giving of professional advice (i.e. [[legal advice]]). Under current [[Law of Australia|Australian law]] it is still a breach of copyright to copy, reproduce or adapt copyright material for personal or private use without permission from the copyright owner. Other technical exemptions from infringement may also apply, such as the temporary reproduction of a work in machine readable form for a computer. In the United States the AHRA ([[Audio Home Recording Act]] Codified in Section 10, 1992) prohibits action against consumers making noncommercial recordings of music, in return for royalties on both media and devices plus mandatory copy-control mechanisms on recorders. :''Section 1008. Prohibition on certain infringement actions'' :''No action may be brought under this title alleging infringement of copyright based on the manufacture, importation, or distribution of a digital audio recording device, a digital audio recording medium, an analog recording device, or an analog recording medium, or based on the noncommercial use by a consumer of such a device or medium for making digital musical recordings or analog musical recordings.''<ref name="insert">insert</ref> Later acts amended US Copyright law so that for certain purposes making 10 copies or more is construed to be commercial, but there is no general rule permitting such copying. Indeed making one complete copy of a work, or in many cases using a portion of it, for commercial purposes will not be considered fair use. The [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] prohibits the manufacture, importation, or distribution of devices whose intended use, or only significant commercial use, is to bypass an access or copy control put in place by a copyright owner.<ref name="Intellectual Property and Information Wealth: Copyright and related rights"/> An appellate court has held that fair use is not a defense to engaging in such distribution. ===Accessible copies=== It is legal in several countries including the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[United States]] to produce alternative versions (for example, in large print or braille) of a copyrighted work to provide improved access to a work for blind and visually impaired persons without permission from the copyright holder.<ref>Copyright Law of the USA, Chapter 1 Section 121: http://www.copyright.gov/title17/92chap1.html#121</ref><ref>Copyright (Visually Impaired Persons) Act 2002 (England): http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/publicwebsite/public_cvipsact2002.hcsp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907085056/http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/PublicWebsite/public_CVIPsAct2002.hcsp |date=2009-09-07 }} {{Cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907085056/http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/PublicWebsite/public_CVIPsAct2002.hcsp |archivedate=2009-09-07 |title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি |url=http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/PublicWebsite/public_CVIPsAct2002.hcsp |access-date=2023-09-28 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==Transfer and licensing, and assignment== {{see also|Collective rights management|extended collective licensing|Compulsory license|Copyright transfer agreement}} [[File:All rights reserved.jpg|thumb|right|300px|DVD:[[All Rights Reserved]]]] A copyright, or aspects of it, may be assigned or transferred from one party to another.<ref name="WIPO Guide on the Licensing of Copyright and Related Rights">{{cite book |title=[http://www.google.com/books?id=LvRRvXBIi8MC&dq=copyright+transfer+and+licensing&as_brr=3&source=gbs_navlinks_s WIPO Guide on the Licensing of Copyright and Related Rights] |pages=15 |isbn=9789280512717 |year=2004 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization}}</ref> For example, a musician who records an album will often sign an agreement with a record company in which the musician agrees to transfer all copyright in the recordings in exchange for royalties and other considerations. The creator (and original copyright holder) benefits, or expects to, from production and marketing capabilities far beyond those of the author. In the digital age of music, music may be copied and distributed at minimal cost through the [[Internet]], however the [[record industry]] attempts to provide promotion and marketing for the artist and his or her work so it can reach a much larger audience. A copyright holder need not transfer all rights completely, though many publishers will insist. Some of the rights may be transferred, or else the copyright holder may grant another party a non-exclusive license to copy and/or distribute the work in a particular region or for a specified period of time. A transfer or licence may have to meet particular formal requirements in order to be effective,<ref name="WIPO Guide on the Licensing of Copyright and Related Rights(2)">{{cite book |title=[http://www.google.com/books?id=LvRRvXBIi8MC&dq=copyright+transfer+and+licensing&as_brr=3&source=gbs_navlinks_s WIPO Guide on the Licensing of Copyright and Related Rights] |pages=8 |isbn=9789280512717 |year=2004 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization}}</ref> for example under the Australian [[Copyright Act 1968]] the copyright itself must be expressly transferred in writing. Under the U.S. Copyright Act, a transfer of ownership in copyright must be memorialized in a writing signed by the transferor. For that purpose, ownership in copyright includes exclusive licenses of rights. Thus exclusive licenses, to be effective, must be granted in a written instrument signed by the grantor. No special form of transfer or grant is required. A simple document that identifies the work involved and the rights being granted is sufficient. Non-exclusive grants (often called non-exclusive licenses) need not be in writing under [[Law of the United States|U.S. law]]. They can be oral or even implied by the behavior of the parties. Transfers of copyright ownership, including exclusive licenses, may and should be recorded in the U.S. Copyright Office. (Information on recording transfers is available on the Office's web site.) While recording is not required to make the grant effective, it offers important benefits, much like those obtained by recording a deed in a [[real estate]] transaction. Copyright may also be [[license]]d.<ref name="WIPO Guide on the Licensing of Copyright and Related Rights"/> Some jurisdictions may provide that certain classes of copyrighted works be made available under a prescribed [[statutory license]] (e.g. musical works in the United States used for radio broadcast or performance). This is also called a [[compulsory license]], because under this scheme, anyone who wishes to copy a covered work does not need the permission of the copyright holder, but instead merely files the proper notice and pays a set fee established by statute (or by an agency decision under statutory guidance) for every copy made.<ref name="WIPO Guide on the Licensing of Copyright and Related Rights(3)">{{cite book |title=[http://www.google.com/books?id=LvRRvXBIi8MC&dq=copyright+transfer+and+licensing&as_brr=3&source=gbs_navlinks_s WIPO Guide on the Licensing of Copyright and Related Rights] |pages=16 |isbn=9789280512717 |year=2004 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization}}</ref> Failure to follow the proper procedures would place the copier at risk of an infringement suit. Because of the difficulty of following every individual work, [[copyright collective]]s or [[collecting societies]] and [[performance rights organisation|performing rights organizations]] (such as [[ASCAP]], [[Broadcast Music Incorporated|BMI]], and [[SESAC]] have been formed to collect royalties for hundreds (thousands and more) works at once. Though this market solution bypasses the statutory license, the availability of the statutory fee still helps dictate the price per work collective rights organizations charge, driving it down to what avoidance of procedural hassle would justify. ===Creative Commons=== Founded in 2001, [[Creative Commons]] (CC) is a non-profit organization<ref name="CC">Creative Commons Website http://creativecommons.org/ retrieved October 24, 2011.</ref> which aims to facilitate the legal sharing of creative works. To this end the organization provides a number of copyright license options to the public, free of charge. These licenses allow copyright holders to define conditions under which others may use a work and to specify what types of use are acceptable.<ref name="CC" /> Terms of use have traditionally been negotiated on an individual basis between copyright holder and potential licensee. Therefore, a general CC license outlining which rights the copyright holder is willing to waive enable the general public to use such works more freely. Four general types of CC licenses are available. These are based upon copyright holder stipulations such as whether he or she is willing to allow modifications to the work, whether he or she permits the creation of derivative works and whether he or she is willing to permit commercial use of the work.<ref name="Rubin">Rubin, R. E. (2010) 'Foundations of Library and Information Science: Third Edition', Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc., New York, p. 341</ref> Individuals may register for a CC license via the [http://creativecommons.org/ Creative Commons website]. As of 2009 approximately 130 million individuals had received such licenses.<ref name="Rubin" /> ==Duration==<!*********************- This section is linked from [[Little Nemo]] --******************************> ===Copyright term=== {{main|copyright term|List of countries' copyright length}} [[File:Tom Bell's graph showing extension of U.S. copyright term over time.svg|thumb|left|300px|Expansion of U.S. copyright law (Assuming authors create their works at age 35 and live for seventy years)]] Copyright subsists for a variety of lengths in different jurisdictions. The length of the term can depend on several factors, including the type of work (e.g. musical composition, novel), whether the work has been [[Publication|published]], and whether the work was created by an individual or a corporation. In most of the world, the default length of copyright is the life of the author plus either 50 or 70 years. In the United States, the term for most existing works is a fixed number of years after the date of creation or publication. Under most countries' laws (for example, the United States<ref>{{usc|17|305}}</ref> and the United Kingdom<ref>The Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995, [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1995/Uksi_19953297_en_3.htm part II], Amendments of the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988</ref>), copyrights expire at the end of the calendar year in question. The length and requirements for copyright duration are subject to change by legislation, and since the early 20th century there have been a number of adjustments made in various countries, which can make determining the duration of a given copyright somewhat difficult. For example, the United States used to require copyrights to be renewed after 28 years to stay in force, and formerly required a copyright notice upon first publication to gain coverage. In Italy and France, there were post-wartime extensions that could increase the term by approximately 6 years in Italy and up to about 14 in France. Many countries have extended the length of their copyright terms (sometimes retroactively). International treaties establish minimum terms for copyrights, but individual countries may enforce longer terms than those.<ref>{{cite book |title=Copyright: Sacred Text, Technology, and the DMCA|last=Nimmer|first=David |publisher=Kluwer Law International|year=2003|isbn= 978-9041188762|oclc=50606064|page=63|url= http://books.google.com/books?id=RYfRCNxgPO4C}}</ref> In the United States, all books and other works published before 1923 have expired copyrights and are in the public domain.<ref>"[http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/public_domain/ Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States 1 January 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224013655/http://www.copyright.cornell.edu/public_domain/ |date=24 February 2009 }}.", ''[[Cornell University]]''.</ref> In addition, works published before 1964 that did not have their copyrights renewed 28 years after first publication year also are in the public domain, except that books originally published outside the US by non-Americans are exempt from this requirement, if they are still under copyright in their home country (see [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/renewals.html How Can I Tell Whether a Copyright Was Renewed] for more details). But if the intended exploitation of the work includes publication (or distribution of derivative work, such as a film based on a book protected by copyright) outside the U.S., the terms of copyright around the world must be considered. If the author has been dead more than 70 years, the work is in the public domain in most, but not all, countries. Some works are covered by copyright in Spain for 80 years after the author's death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Art. 26 |url=http://www.mcu.es/propiedadInt/docs/RDLegislativo_1_1996.pdf |access-date=2012-03-18 |archivedate=2016-03-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328175038/http://www.mcu.es/propiedadInt/docs/RDLegislativo_1_1996.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> In 1998 the length of a copyright in the United States was increased by 20 years under the [[Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act|The Copyright Term Extension Act]]. This legislation was strongly promoted by corporations which had valuable copyrights which otherwise would have expired, and has been the subject of substantial criticism on this point.<ref>Lawrence Lessig, ''Copyright's First Amendment'', 48 UCLA L. Rev. 1057, 1065 (2001)</ref> As a curiosity, the famous work ''[[Peter and Wendy#Copyright status|Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up]]'' has a complex&nbsp;– and disputed&nbsp;– story of copyright expiry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/about/cases/emily_somma_v_gosh_peter_.shtml |title=Stanford Center for Internet and Society |publisher=Web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2010-05-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027134508/http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/about/cases/emily_somma_v_gosh_peter_.shtml |archivedate=2006-10-27 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ===Public domain=== {{main|Public domain}} Copyright, like other [[intellectual property rights]] is subject to a statutorily-determined term. Once the term of a copyright has expired, the formerly copyrighted work enters the [[public domain]] and may be freely used or exploited by anyone. Courts in the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]] have rejected the doctrine of a [[common law copyright]]. Public domain works should not be confused with works that are publicly available. Works posted in the [[internet]] for example, are publicly available, but are not generally in the public domain. Copying such works may therefore violate the author's copyright. ==Copyright infringement== {{main|Copyright infringement}} [[File:Street hackers and mp3 pirates.jpg|thumb|Street hackers and mp3 pirates in Afghanistan]] Piracy is considered to be the illegitimate use of materials held by copyright.<ref>Owen, Lynette (2001) Piracy ''Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers'' 14(1) p. 67.</ref> For the history of the term "piracy" see [[Copyright infringement]]. For a work to be considered pirated, its illegitimate use must have occurred in a nation that has domestic copyright laws and/or adheres to a bilateral treaty or established international convention such as the [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works|Berne Convention]] or [[World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty|WIPO Copyright Treaty]]. Improper use of materials outside of this legislation is deemed "unauthorized edition", not piracy.<ref>Owen, Lynette (2001) Piracy ''Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers'' 14(1) p. 68.</ref> Piracy primarily targets software, film and music. However, the illegal copying of books and other text works remains common, especially for educational reasons. Statistics regarding the effects of piracy are difficult to determine. Studies have attempted to estimate a monetary loss for industries affected by piracy by predicting what portion of pirated works would have been formally purchased if they had not been freely available.<ref>Butler, S. Piracy Losses "Billboard" 199(36) Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/227212689?accountid=14771</ref> Estimates in 2007 stated 18.2 billion potential losses in consumer dollars lost as a result of piracy activities in the United States.<ref name="Staff 2007">Staff (2007) Piracy Statistics around the World "Video Business" 27(28).</ref> International estimates suggest losses in the billions throughout the last decade.<ref name="Staff 2007"/> However other reports indicate that piracy does not have an adverse effect on the entertainment industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/content/ejpd/de/home/dokumentation/mi/2011/2011-11-30.html |title=Urheberrechtsverletzungen im Internet: Der bestehende rechtliche Rahmen genügt |publisher=Ejpd.admin.ch |date= |accessdate=2013-02-04 |archivedate=2014-08-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819222007/http://www.ejpd.admin.ch/content/ejpd/de/home/dokumentation/mi/2011/2011-11-30.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ===Treaties and international agreements=== *[[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works]] of 1886 *[[Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations]] of 1961 *[[Universal Copyright Convention]] of 1952 *[[WIPO Copyright Treaty]] of 1996 *[[WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty]] of 1996 *The [[World Trade Organization]] [[Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights]] (TRIPS), of 1994 ===Sui generis=== {{colbegin}} *[[Alternative Compensation System]] *[[Anti-copyright]] *[[Copyleft]] *[[Copynorm]] *[[Copyright aspects of downloading and streaming]] *[[Copyright aspects of hyperlinking and framing]] *[[Copyright-free]] *[[Creative Commons]] *[[Creative Commons jurisdiction ports]] *[[Creative Commons Licenses]] *[[Crypto-anarchism]] *[[Database right]] *[[Digital freedom]] *''[[Free Culture (book)]]'' by [[Lawrence Lessig]] *''[[Good Copy Bad Copy]]'' (documentary) *[[Permission culture]]&nbsp;– neologism by Lawrence Lessig. {{colend}} ==ভাৰতীয় কপিৰাইট এক্ট, ১৯৫৭== <!-- ওপৰোক্ত আইনৰ অধীনত তথ্য--> ==আন্তৰ্জাতিক কপিৰাইট== <!-- আন্তৰ্জাতিক কপিৰাইটৰ তথ্য আৰু আলোচনা --> ==কিছুমান কপিৰাইট নিয়ম== <!-- পাব্লিক ডোমেইন, ক্ৰিয়েটিচ কমঞ্ছ ইত্যাদিৰ আলোচনা--> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== * {{Cite book |author=Dowd, Raymond J. |title=Copyright Litigation Handbook |publisher=Thomson West |edition=1st |year=2006 |isbn=0314962794 |ref=Dowd, Litigation handbook }} * {{Cite book |author=Gantz, John & Rochester, Jack B. |title=Pirates of the Digital Millennium |url=https://archive.org/details/piratesofdigital0000gant |publisher=Financial Times Prentice Hall |year=2005 |isbn=O-13-146315-2 |ref=Gantz, Pirates }} *[[Bruce Lehman|Lehman, Bruce]]: ''Intellectual Property and the National Information Infrastructure'' (Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights, 1995) *Lindsey, Marc: ''Copyright Law on Campus.'' [[Washington State University]] Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-87422-264-7. *Mazzone, Jason. ''Copyfraud''. [http://ssrn.com/abstract=787244 SSRN] * {{Cite book | last = Nimmer | first = Melville |authorlink=Melville Nimmer | coauthors = David Nimmer | title = Nimmer on Copyright | publisher = Matthew Bender | year=1997| isbn = 0-8205-1465-9 }} * {{Cite book |title=Copyright in Historical Perspective |url=https://archive.org/details/copyrightinhisto0000patt |author=Patterson, Lyman Ray |year=1968|publisher=Vanderbilt University Press |isbn=0826513735 |unused_data=Online Version }} *Pievatolo, Maria Chiara. ''Publicness and Private Intellectual Property in Kant's Political Thought''. http://bfp.sp.unipi.it/~pievatolo/lm/kantbraz.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329212745/http://bfp.sp.unipi.it/~pievatolo/lm/kantbraz.html |date=2012-03-29 }} *Pelanda, Brian. [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1941506 Declarations of Cultural Independence: The Nationalistic Imperative Behind the Passage of Early American Copyright Laws, 1783-1787] Journal of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A., Vol. 58, p.&nbsp;431, 2011. *{{cite book | last = Rosen | first = Ronald | title = Music and Copyright | url = https://archive.org/details/musiccopyright0000rose | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford Oxfordshire | year = 2008 | isbn = 0195338367 }} *Shipley, David E. [http://ssrn.com/abstract=1076789 Thin But Not Anorexic: Copyright Protection for Compilations and Other Fact Works] UGA Legal Studies Research Paper No. 08-001; Journal of Intellectual Property Law, Vol. 15, No. 1, 2007. *Silverthorne, Sean. ''[http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=4206&t=innovation Music Downloads: Pirates- or Customers?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630024153/http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=4206&t=innovation |date=2006-06-30 }}''. [[Harvard Business School|Harvard Business School Working Knowledge]], 2004. *Sorce Keller, Marcello. "Originality, Authenticity and Copyright", ''Sonus'', VII(2007), no. 2, pp.&nbsp;77–85. * {{Cite book |author=Steinberg, S.H. & Trevitt, John |title=Five Hundred Years of Printing |location=London and New Castle |publisher=The British Library and Oak Knoll Press |edition=4th |year=1996 |isbn=1-884718-19-1 |ref=Steinberg, Five hundred years }} *{{Cite book |title=The Copy/South Dossier: Issues in the Economics, Politics and Ideology of Copyright in the Global South ''[http://copysouth.org/en/documents/csdossier.pdf]'' |editor= Story, Alan; Darch, Colin & Halbert, Deborah |year=2006|publisher=Copy/South Research Group |isbn=978-0-9553140-1-8 }} *WhyNotAskMe.org: ''Organization demanding democratic participation in copyright legislation and a moratorium on secret and fast-tracked copyright negotiations'' http://whynotaskme.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021249/http://whynotaskme.org/ |date=2013-01-20 }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons|Copyright|কপিৰাইট}} *{{dmoz|Society/Law/Legal_Information/Intellectual_Property/Copyrights}} *[http://www.wipo.int/clea/en/ Collection of laws for electronic access] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20091206012131/http%3A//www.wipo.int/clea/en/ |date=2009-12-06 }} from [[WIPO]] – intellectual property laws of many countries *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/us/copyrite.htm Copyright] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *[http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy.htm About Copyright] at the UK Intellectual Property Office *[http://www.lawtech.jus.unitn.it/index.php/copyright-history/bibliography A Bibliography on the Origins of Copyright and Droit d'Auteur] * [http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-912-introduction-to-copyright-law-january-iap-2006/ 6.912 Introduction to Copyright Law] taught by Keith Winstein, MIT OpenCourseWare January IAP 2006 * [http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ShowResults.jsp?country_id=ALL&start_year=ANY&end_year=ANY&search_what=C&treaty_id=15 Copyright Berne Convention: Country List] List of the 164 members of the Berne Convention for the protection of literary and artistic works. * [http://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law UK Copyright Law fact sheet] (April 2000) a concise introduction to UK Copyright legislation * [http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/themes/content/contentalliance/reports/ipr.aspx IPR Toolkit – An Overview, Key Issues and Toolkit Elements] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512010135/http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/themes/content/contentalliance/reports/ipr.aspx |date=2011-05-12 }} (Sept 2009) by Professor Charles Oppenheim and Naomi Korn at the [http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/themes/content/contentalliance.aspx Strategic Content Alliance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512010129/http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/themes/content/contentalliance.aspx |date=2011-05-12 }} *[http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-912-introduction-to-copyright-law-january-iap-2006/ MIT OpenCourseWare 6.912 Introduction to Copyright Law] Free self-study course with video lectures as offered during the January, 2006, Independent Activities Period (IAP) [[শ্ৰেণী:আইন]] [[শ্ৰেণী:প্ৰতিলিপ্যধিকাৰ আইন]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অনুবাদ বিচৰা প্ৰবন্ধসমূহ]] 1xpvl0uilcr7kibyelsqlaygzn9d77u 0 25033 646185 520220 2026-10-20T04:18:17Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox writer | bgcolour = lightgray | name = জীবনানন্দ দাস | image =Jibanananda Das (1899–1954).jpg | caption = জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ সুবিখ্যাত প্ৰতিকৃতি | alternate name= মিলু | pseudonym = 'শ্ৰী', 'কালপুৰুষ' | birthdate = ১৮ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ১৮৯৯ | birthplace = [[বৰিশাল]], [[ব্ৰিটিছ ভাৰত]] | deathdate = ১৪ অক্টোবৰ, ১৯৫৪ (৫৫ বছৰ) | deathplace = [[কলকাতা]], [[ভাৰত]] | parent = সৰ্বানন্দ দাসগুপ্ত <br/> কুসুমকুমাৰী দাস | spouse = লাবণ্য দেৱী | children = মঞ্জুশ্ৰী, সমৰানন্দ | occupation = কবি, ঔপন্যাসিক, গল্পকাৰ, প্ৰবন্ধকাৰ, দাৰ্শনিক, গীতিকাৰ, | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | period = [[বাংলাৰ নৱজাগৰণ|বঙ্গীয় নবজাগৰণ]] | notableworks = ঝৰা পালক, ৰূপসী বাংলা, ধূসৰ পাণ্ডুলিপি, মহাপৃথিৱী, [[বনলতা সেন (কবিতা)|বনলতা সেন]] |influences = [[কাজী নজৰুল ইছলাম]], [[মোহিতলাল মজুমদাৰ]], [[সত্যেন্দ্ৰনাথ দত্ত]], [[কুসুমকুমাৰী দাস]] | influenced = বিংশ শতাব্দীৰ দ্বিতীয়াৰ্দ্ধৰ বঙালী কাব্যধাৰা | signature = | awards = ৰবীন্দ্ৰ-স্মৃতি বঁটা <br/> [[সাহিত্য অকডেমি বঁটা]] }} '''জীবনানন্দ দাস''' ([[বাংলা]]: '''জীবনানন্দ দাশ''', জন্ম: ১৭ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী, ১৮৯৯, বৰিশাল - মৃত্যু: ২২ অক্টোবৰ, ১৯৫৮)<ref name="s">{{Cite book |title=Saṃsada Bāṅālī caritābhidhāna |publisher=Sāhitya Saṃsada |year=2010 |editor-last=Sengupta |editor-first=Subodh Chandra |edition=5th |volume=Volume 1 |location=Kolkata |language=bn |script-title=bn:সংসদ বাঙালি চৰিতাভিধান |trans-title=Parliamentary character of Bengal |oclc=18245961 |orig-year=First published 1976 |editor-last2=Basu |editor-first2=Anjali}}</ref> বিংশ শতাব্দীৰ অন্যতম প্ৰধান আধুনিক বঙালী কবি।<ref>https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6</ref> তেওঁ বঙালী কাব্যজগতত আধুনিকতাৰ পথ প্ৰদৰ্শকসকলৰ মাজত অগ্ৰগণ্য। মৃত্যুৰ পাছৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বিংশ শতাব্দীৰ শেষ ধাপত তেওঁ জনপ্ৰিয়তা অৰ্জন কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে আৰু ১৯৯৯ চনত যেতিয়া তেওঁৰ জন্ম শতবাৰ্ষিকী পালন কৰা হৈছিল তেতিয়ালৈ তেওঁ বঙালী সাহিত্যৰ জনপ্ৰিয়তম কবিত পৰিণত হৈছিল। তেওঁ প্ৰধানত: কবি হ’লেও বহুসংখ্যক প্ৰবন্ধ-নিবন্ধও ৰচনা আৰু প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। ১৯৫৮ চনত অকাল মৃত্যুৰ আগলৈকে গোপনে তেওঁ ১৪খন উপন্যাস আৰু ১০৮টা চুটিগল্প ৰচনা কৰে যিবোৰৰ এটাও জীৱিত অৱস্থাত প্ৰকাশ হোৱা নাছিল। চৰম দৰিদ্ৰতাৰ মাজেৰে তেওঁ জীৱন পাৰ কৰিছিল। বিংশ শতাব্দীৰ শেষৰফালে অতুলনীয়ভাৱে বঙালী কবিতাত তেওঁ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিলক্ষিত হৈছে। ৰবীন্দ্ৰৰ পাছতেই তেওঁ বঙালী ভাষাৰ প্ৰধান কবি হিচাবে সৰ্বসাধাৰণৰ মাজত স্বীকৃত।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/article/703870|title=Barishale Jibanananda Mela|date=6 December 2015|work=Prothom Alo|access-date=7 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607123213/http://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/article/703870|archive-date=7 June 2018|publisher=Transcom Group|location=Dhaka|language=bn|script-title=bn:বৰিশালে জীবনানন্দ মেলা|trans-title=Jibanananda Fair in Barishal|quote=বাংলা সাহিত্যে ৰবীন্দ্ৰনাথ ও নজৰুল ইসলামেৰ পৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ কবি জীবনানন্দ দাশ। নতুন প্ৰজন্ম জীবনানন্দ দাশকে ভুলতে বসেছে। জীবনানন্দেৰ প্ৰকৃতি প্ৰেম ও দৰ্শন নতুন প্ৰজন্মেৰ মধ্যে ছড়িয়ে দিতে হবে। ... বলেন ৰবীন্দ্ৰ ভাৰতী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়েৰ সাবেক উপাচাৰ্য পবিত্ৰ সৰকাৰ। Jibanananda Das is the greatest poet after Rabindranath and Nazrul Islam. The young generation is forgetful of Jibanananda. We should promulgate his love and view of nature among the new generations. ... said Pabitra Sarkar, the ex-VC of Rabindra Bharati University.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.alokitobangladesh.com/online/details/14964|script-title=bn:জীবনানন্দ দাশেৰ কবিতাৰ সংখ্যা কত?|website=Alokita Bangladesh|language=bn|access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=[[Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh]]|publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]|year=2012|editor-last=Islam|editor-first=Sirajul|editor-link=Sirajul Islam|edition=2nd|location=Dhaka|chapter=Das, Jibanananda|chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Das,_Jibanananda|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326052657/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Das,_Jibanananda|archivedate=2021-03-26|access-date=2021-05-14}}</ref> ==জীৱন বৃত্তান্ত== ===শৈশৱ=== জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ জন্ম হয় ১৮৯৯ চনত বাংলাদেশৰ দক্ষিণ প্ৰান্তৰ জিলা চহৰ বৰিশালত। তেওঁৰ পূৰ্বপুৰুষসকল ঢাকা জিলাৰ বিক্ৰমপুৰ পৰগণাৰ নিবাসী আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতামহ সৰ্বানন্দ দাসগুপ্তই (১৯৩৮-৮৫) বিক্ৰমপুৰৰ পৰা আহি বৰিশালত থিতাপি লয়হি।<ref name="Das,_P._2003_1">{{harvnb|Das, P.|2003|p=1}}</ref> সৰ্বানন্দ দাসগুপ্ত জন্মসূত্ৰে হিন্দু আছিল; পাছত ব্ৰাহ্ম ধৰ্মত দীক্ষা লয়। তেওঁ বৰিশালৰ ব্ৰাহ্মসমাজ আন্দোলনৰ প্ৰাথমিক পৰ্য্যায়ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁ মানৱহিতৈষী কামকাজবোৰৰ কাৰণে সমাদৃত হৈছিল।<ref name="Das,_P._2003_6">{{harvnb|Das, P.|2003|p=6}}</ref> জীবনানন্দৰ দেউতাক সত্যানন্দ দাসগুপ্ত সৰ্বানন্দৰ দ্বিতীয় পুত্ৰ আছিল। সত্যানন্দ দাসগুপ্ত (১৮৬৩-১৯৪২) আছিল বৰিশাল ব্ৰজমোহন স্কুলৰ শিক্ষক, প্ৰবন্ধক, বৰিশাল ব্ৰাহ্ম সমাজৰ সম্পাদক আৰু ব্ৰাহ্মসমাজৰ মুখপত্ৰ"ব্ৰাহ্মবাদী"ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাতা সম্পাদক। জীবনানন্দৰ মাতৃ কুসুমকুমাৰী দাস আছিল কবি। তেওঁৰ সুপৰিচিত কবিতা"আদৰ্শ ল’ৰা" ( আমাৰ দেশৰ সেই ল’ৰা কেতিয়া ওলাব/ যাৰ বাবে কথা নহয় কৰ্মহে ডাঙৰ হ’ব) আজিও বংগৰ শিশুশ্ৰেণীৰ পাঠ্য। জীবনানন্দ পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ সন্তান আছিল। তেওঁ ঘৰত মতা নাম আছিল মিলু। তেওঁৰ ভায়েক আশোকানন্দ দাসে ১৯০৮ত আৰু ভনীয়েক সুচৰিতা দাসে ১৯১৫ চনত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰে। দেউতাক কম বয়সতেই স্কুলত ভৰ্তি হোৱাৰ বিৰোধী আছিল কাৰণে মাকৰ ওচৰতেই বাল্যশিক্ষাৰ আৰম্ভণি হয়। ৰাতিপুৱা শুই উঠিয়েই পিতৃৰ কণ্ঠত উপনিষদৰ আবৃত্তি আৰু মাতৃৰ গান শুনিছিল। লাজুকীয়া স্বভাৱৰ আছিল যদিও তেওঁৰ খেলা ধূলা, ভ্ৰমণ আৰু সাঁতোৰৰ অভ্যাস আছিল। তেওঁ সৰু কালতে এবাৰ কঠিন অসুখত ভোগে। স্বাস্থ্য উদ্ধাৰৰ বাবে মাতৃ আৰু মাতামহ ধেমেলীয়া গীতৰ ৰচক চন্দ্ৰনাথৰ লগত লক্ষ্ণৌ, আগ্ৰা, দিল্লী আদি ঠাই ভ্ৰমণ কৰে। ১৯০৮ চনৰ জানুৱাৰীত আঠ বছৰ বয়সত মিলুক ব্ৰজমোহন স্কুলৰ পঞ্চম শ্ৰেণীত ভৰ্তি কৰোৱা হয়। স্কুলত থকা সময়তেই তেওঁ বঙালী আৰু ইংৰাজীত ৰচনা কৰিবলৈ শিকে। তদুপৰি ছবি অঁকাতো তেওঁৰ ৰাপ আছিল। ১৯১৫ চনত তেওঁ ব্ৰজমোহন বিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰাই প্ৰথম বিভাগত মেট্ৰিকুলেচন পৰীক্ষা পাচ কৰে। দুবছৰ পাছত ব্ৰজমোহন কলেজৰ পৰাই ইণ্টাৰমিডিয়েট পৰীক্ষাত পূৰ্বৰ ফলাফলৰ পুনৰাবৃত্তি ঘটায়। ইয়াৰ পাছত তেওঁ কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ভৰ্তি হ’বৰ বাবে বৰিশাল এৰে। ===কলকাতা জীৱন: প্ৰথম পৰ্ব=== জীবনানন্দই কলকাতাৰ নামকৰা প্ৰেচিডেন্সি কলেজত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। ১৯১৯ চনত তেওঁ এই কলেজৰ পৰাই ইংৰাজীত অনাৰ্চ সহ বি.এ পাচ কৰে। সেই বছৰেই ব্ৰাহ্মবাদী আলোচনীৰ বহাগ সংখ্যাত তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম কবিতা ছপা হয়। কবিতাটোৰ নাম আছিল 'বৰ্ষ আবাহন'। কবিতাটোত কবিৰ নাম ওলোৱা নাছিল। কেবল সন্মানসূচক শ্ৰী শব্দটো লিখা আছিল। কিন্তু আলোচনীৰ বৰ্ষপূৰ্তিৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ সূচীত তেওঁৰ পূৰা নাম ছপা হয়: শ্ৰী জীবনানন্দ দাসগুপ্ত, বি.এ। ১৯২১ চনত কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত দ্বিতীয় বিভাগত মাষ্টাৰ ডিগ্ৰী অৰ্জন কৰে। তেওঁ কিছুদিন আইনশাস্ত্ৰও অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল। সেই সময়ত তেওঁ হেৰিচন ৰ’ডৰ প্ৰেচিডেন্সি কলেজৰ হোষ্টেলত বাস কৰিছিল। কিন্তু পৰীক্ষাৰ ঠিক আগে আগে তেওঁ বেচিলাৰী ডায়েৰীয়াত আক্ৰান্ত হয় যাৰ ফলত তেওঁ প্ৰস্তুতি বাধাগ্ৰস্ত হয়। ১৯২২ চনত জীবনানন্দই কলকাতা চিটি কলেজত অধ্যাপনা আৰম্ভ কৰে আৰু আইনশাস্ত্ৰৰ অধ্যয়ন এৰি দিয়ে। ===সাহিত্যচৰ্চা আৰু জীৱনসংগ্ৰাম=== জীবনানন্দৰ সাহিত্যিক জীৱন বিকশিত হ’বলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। ১৯২৫ চনৰ জুনত দেশবন্ধু চিত্তৰঞ্জন দাসৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাত জীবনানন্দই তেখেতৰ স্মৃতিত 'দেশবন্ধুৰ প্ৰয়াণত' নামৰ এটা কবিতা ৰচনা কৰে যিটো বঙ্গবাণী আলোচনীত প্ৰকাশ হয়। কবিতাটোৱে পাচত তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম কাব্য সংকলন 'ঝৰা পালক'ত স্থান পায়। কবিতাটো পঢ়ি কবি কালিদাস ৰায়ে মন্তব্য কৰিছিল যে ' এই কবিতাটো নিশ্চয় কোনো প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত কবিৰ ছদ্মনামৰ ৰচনা'। ১৯২৫ চনত তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম প্ৰবন্ধ 'স্বৰ্গীয় কালিমোহন দাসৰ শ্ৰাদ্ধবাহৰত' নামৰ প্ৰবন্ধটো ব্ৰাহ্মবাদী আলোচনীত একেলেঠাৰিয়ে তিনিটি সংখ্যাত ধাৰাবাহিক হিচাবে প্ৰকাশিত হয়। সেই বছৰেই 'কল্লোল' আলোচনীত 'নীলিমা' নামৰ কবিতাটো প্ৰকাশ হয় আৰু অনেক তৰুণ কাব্যৰসিকৰ দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। লাহে লাহে কলকাতা, ঢাকা আৰু অন্যান্য ঠাইৰ বিভিন্ন সাহিত্য আলোচনীসমূহত তেওঁ লেখা প্ৰকাশ পাবলৈ ধৰিলে। যিবোৰৰ মাজত সেই সময়ৰ সুবিখ্যাত আলোচনী কল্লোল, কালি ও কলম, প্ৰগতি আদিও আছে। ১৯২৭ চনত কবিৰ প্ৰথম কাব্যগ্ৰন্থ 'ঝৰা পালক' প্ৰকাশিত হয়। সেই সময়ৰ পৰাই তেওঁ তেওঁৰ উপাধি দাসগুপ্তৰ সলনি দাস লিখিবলৈ লয়। প্ৰথম কাব্যগ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশৰ কেইমাহমানৰ পাছতেই তেওঁ চিটি কলেজৰ চাকৰিটো হেৰুৱায়। ধৰ্মীয় উত্সৱক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি কলেজখনত ছাত্ৰ অসন্তোষে দেখা দিয়ে। ফলস্বৰূপে কলেজত ছাত্ৰৰ নাম ভৰ্তিৰ হাৰ আশংকাজনকভাৱে কমি যায়। জীবনানন্দ আছিল কলেজৰ শিক্ষকসকলৰ মাজত কনিষ্ঠতম। সেয়ে আৰ্থিক অসুবিধাত পৰি কলেজ কৰ্তৃপক্ষই তেওঁকেই চাকৰিৰ পৰা বিদায় দিয়ে। কলকাতাৰ সাহিত্য চক্ৰতো সেই সময়ত তেওঁ কবিতাই কঠোৰ সমালোচনাৰ মুখামুখি হয়। সেই সময়ৰ প্ৰখ্যাত সাহিত্য সমালোচক কবি সাহিত্যিক সজনীকান্ত দাসে 'শনিবাৰেৰ চিঠি' আলোচনীত তেখেতৰ ৰচনাৰ নিৰ্দয় সমালোচনা কৰে। কলকাতাত কৰিবৰ জোখাৰে কোনো কাম নাপায় কবিয়ে সৰু চহৰ বাগেৰহাটৰ প্ৰফুল্ল চন্দ্ৰ কলেজত শিক্ষক হিচাবে যোগদান কৰে। কিন্তু তিনিমাহ পাছতেই তেওঁ কলকাতালৈ প্ৰত্যাবৰ্তন কৰে। এই সময়ত তেওঁ চৰম অৰ্থনৈতিক দুদৰ্শাত ভুগিছিল। জীৱনধাৰণৰ কাৰণে তেওঁ টিউচন কৰিছিল আৰু লগতে বিভিন্ন শিক্ষা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানত চাকৰিৰ সন্ধান কৰিছিল। ১৯২৯ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ দিল্লীৰ ৰামযশ কলেজত অধ্যাপক হিচাবে যোগদান কৰে। ইফালে বৰিশালত পৰিয়ালৰফালৰ পৰা বিয়াৰ যো-জা কৰিছিল আৰু ১৯৩০ চনৰ ৯ মে তাৰিখে তেওঁ লাবণ্য দেৱীৰ লগত বৈবাহিক বান্ধোনত বান্ধ খায়। বিয়া হৈছিল ঢাকাত, ব্ৰাহ্ম সমাজৰ ৰামমোহন লাইব্ৰেৰীত। বিয়াৰ পাছত তেওঁ আৰু দিল্লীলৈ ঘৄৰি নগ’ল। ফলস্বৰূপে তেওঁ তাৰ চাকৰিটো হেৰুৱায়। ইয়াৰ পাছত প্ৰায় পাঁচ বছৰ কাল কৰ্মহীন অৱস্থাত কটায়। মাজতে কিছুদিন ইঞ্চিউৰেঞ্চ কোম্পানীৰ এজেণ্ট হিচাবে কাম কৰে। সৰু ভায়েকৰ পৰা টকা ধাৰলৈ লৈ ব্যৱসায় কৰাৰো চেষ্টা কৰে কিন্তু কোনোটো স্থায়ী নহ’ল। ১৯৩১ চনত কবিৰ প্ৰথম সন্তান মঞ্জুশ্ৰীৰ জন্ম হয়। প্ৰায় সেই সময়ত তেওঁৰ 'কেম্প' কবিতাটো সুধীন্দ্ৰনাথ দত্তৰ সম্পাদিত 'পৰিচয়' আলোচনীত প্ৰকাশিত হয় আৰু লগে লগেই কলকাতাৰ সাহিত্য সমাজৰ ব্যাপক সমালোচনাৰ চিকাৰ হয়। কবিতাটোৰ বিষয়বস্তু আছিল জোনাক নিশাত হৰিণাৰ চিকাৰ। অনেকেই কবিতাটো পাঠ কৰি অশ্লীল বুলি চিহ্নিত কৰে। তেওঁ তেওঁৰ বেকাৰত্ব, সংগ্ৰাম আৰু হতাশাৰ এই সময়ত যথেষ্ট সংখ্যক ছুটি গল্প আৰু উপন্যাস ৰচনা কৰিছিল। কিন্তু তেওঁৰ জীৱিত কালত সেইবোৰৰ প্ৰকাশ নহ’ল। ১৯৩৪ চনত তেওঁ এলানি গীতিকবিতা ৰচনা কৰে আৰু যিবোৰ পৰৱৰ্তীকালত তেওঁৰ ৰূপসী বাংলা কাব্যৰ প্ৰধান অংশ আছিল। তেওঁ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত সকলোবোৰ সামৰি ১৯৫৭ চনত 'ৰূপসী বাংলা' কাব্যগ্ৰন্থখন প্ৰকাশিত কৰা হয়। ===বৰিশাললৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন=== ১৯৩৫ চনত জীবনানন্দে তেওঁৰ পুৰণা শিক্ষা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান ব্ৰজমোহন কলেজলৈ ঘূৰি যায় যিখন তেতিয়া কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অধীনত আছিল। তেওঁ তাত ইংৰাজী বিভাগৰ প্ৰভাষক হিচাবে যো্গ দিয়ে। সেই সময়ত কলকাতাত বুদ্ধদেৱ বসু, প্ৰেমেন্দ মিত্ৰ আৰু সমৰ সেনে এখন নতুন কবিতালোচনী উলিওৱাৰ যো-জা কৰিছিল যাৰ নাম দিছিল 'কবিতা'। আলোচনীখনৰ প্ৰথম সংখ্যাতেই জীবনানন্দৰ 'মৃত্যুৰ আগে' নামৰ কবিতাটোৱে ঠাই পায়। কবিতাটো পাঠ কৰি ৰবীন্দ্ৰনাথ ঠাকুৰে বুদ্ধদেৱলৈ লিখা এখন চিঠিত মন্তব্য কৰিছিল যে কবিতাটো 'চিত্ৰৰূপময়'। কবিতা আলোচনীৰ দ্বিতীয় সংখ্যাত (পুহ ১৩৪২ সংখ্যা, ডিচে. ১৯৩৪/ জানু. ১৯৩৫) তেওঁৰ কিংবদন্তিতুল্য [[বনলতা সেন (কবিতা)|বনলতা সেন]] নামৰ কবিতাটো প্ৰকাশ পায়। এই ১৮ শাৰীৰ কবিতাটো বৰ্তমান বঙালী ভাষাৰ আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় কবিতাৰ অন্যতম হিচাবে পৰিগণিত। তাৰ পাছৰ বছৰত জীবনানন্দৰ দ্বিতীয় কাব্যগন্থ 'ধূসৰ পাণ্ডুলিপি' প্ৰকাশ পায়। ইয়াৰ মাজতে জীবনানন্দই বৰিশালতেই সকলোবোৰ থানথিত লগাই লৈছিল। ১৯৩৬ চনৰ নবেম্বৰত তেওঁ পুত্ৰ সমৰানন্দৰ জন্ম হয়। ১৯৩৮ চনত ৰবীন্দ্ৰনাথে 'বঙালী কাব্য পৰিচয়' নামৰ এখন কবিতা সংকলন সম্পাদন কৰে আৰু ইয়াত জীবনানন্দৰ 'মৃত্যুৰ আগে' কবিতাটোৱে স্থান পায়। ১৯৩৯ চনত আবু চৈয়দ আয়ুব আৰু হীৰেন্দ্ৰনাথ মুখোপাধ্যায়ৰ সম্পাদনাত আৰু এখন গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ কবিতা সংকলন প্ৰকাশ পায়। ইয়াত জীবনানন্দৰ চাৰিটা কবিতা-'পাখিৰা', 'শকুন', 'বনলতা সেন' আৰু 'নগ্ন নিৰ্জন হাত' অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হয়। ১৯৪২ চনত কবিৰ পিতৃবিয়োগ হয় আৰু সেইবছৰেই তেওঁৰ তৃতীয় কাব্যগ্ৰন্থ 'বনলতা সেন' প্ৰকাশিত হয়। কিতাপখন বুদ্ধদেৱ বসুৰ কবিতা ভৱনত 'এক পইচাৰ এটা চিৰিজ'ৰ অংশ হিচাবে প্ৰকাশিত হয়। ইয়াৰ পৃষ্ঠাসংখ্যা আছিল ষোল্ল। বুদ্ধদেৱ বসু আছিল জীবনানন্দৰ অন্যতম পৃষ্ঠপোষক আৰু তেওঁৰ সম্পাদিত কবিতা আলোচনীতেই জীবনানন্দৰ বহুসংখ্যক কবিতা ছপা হয়। ১৯৪৪ চনত তেওঁৰ চতুৰ্থ কাব্যগ্ৰন্থ 'মহাপৃথিৱী' প্ৰকাশ পায়। ইয়াৰ আগৰ তিনিখন কাব্যগ্ৰন্থ তেওঁ নিজৰ পইচাৰে প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল কিন্তু 'মহাপৃথিৱী'ৰ কাৰণে তেওঁ প্ৰকাশক পায়। দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধকালীন সময়ত প্ৰকাশিত এই কবিতাসমূহত যুদ্ধৰ ছাপ সু-স্পষ্ট। ===কলকাতা জীৱন: চূড়ান্ত পৰ্ব=== দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ভাৰতৰ স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলন প্ৰবল হৈ উঠে। জিন্নাৰ নেতৃত্বত মুছলিম নেতৃবৃন্দই মুছলমানসকলৰ বাবে পৃথক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ গঠনৰ দাবী তোলে। ইয়াৰ ফলত বঙালী দ্বিখণ্ডিত হোৱাটো অৱশ্যম্ভাবী হৈ পৰে। কাৰণ ইয়াৰ পূব অংশত মুছলমানসকলৰ সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠতা আছিল আৰু পশ্চিমাংশত হিন্দুসকল আছিল সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ। ১৯৪৭ ত দেশ বিভাজনত বঙালীৰ পূব অংশত সেইসময়ত বিভত্স সংঘৰ্ষই দেখা দিয়ে। জীবনানন্দই সকলো সময়তে সাম্প্ৰদায়িক সম্প্ৰীতিৰ সপক্ষে মাত মাতিছিল। ১৯৪৬ চনত কলকাতাত আকৌ যেতিয়া হিন্দু-মুছলমানৰ সংঘৰ্ষ হয় তেতিয়া তেওঁ '১৯৪৬-৪৭' কবিতাটো লিখে। দেশবিভাজনৰ কিছু আগেয়ে তেওঁ বি.এম কলেজৰ পৰা ছুটি লৈ কলকাতালৈ যায়। পাছলৈ তেওঁ আৰু পূৰ্ববঙ্গলৈ উভতি নগ’ল। কলকাতাত তেওঁ কেইবামাহো স্বৰাজ কাকতৰ দেওবৰীয়া সাহিত্য বিভাগৰ সম্পাদনা কৰিছিল। ১৯৪৮ চনত তেওঁ দুখন উপন্যাস লিখে-'মাল্যবান' আৰু 'সুতীৰ্থ'। কিন্তু আগৰবোৰৰ দৰেই এই দুখনো প্ৰকাশ নকৰিলে। এই বছৰেই ডিচেম্বৰত তেওঁ পঞ্চম কাব্যগ্ৰন্থ ' সাতটি তাৰাৰ তিমিৰ' প্ৰকাশিত হয়। একেই মাহতে তেওঁৰ মাতৃ কুসুমকুমাৰী দাসৰ মৃত্যু ঘটে। ইতিমধ্যে জীবনানন্দই কলকাতাৰ সাহিত্য সমাজত নিজৰ এখন সুকীয়া আসন দখল কৰি লৈছিল। তেওঁ 'সমকালীন সাহিত্য কেন্দ্ৰ' নামৰ এটা সংস্থাৰ উপ-সভাপতি নিৰ্বাচিত হয় আৰু এই সংস্থাৰ মুখপত্ৰ 'দ্বন্দ্ব' আলোচনীৰ অন্যতম সম্পাদক নিযুক্ত হয়। মাজতে তেওঁ কিছুকাল খড়গপুৰ কলেজতো অধ্যাপনা কৰে। ১৯৫২ চনত তেওঁৰ জনপ্ৰিয় কবিতাৰ পুথি 'বনলতা সেন' চিগনেট প্ৰেছত পৰিবৰ্ধিত আকাৰে প্ৰকাশিত হয়। পুথিখনে পাঠকৰ সহাঁৰি লাভ কৰে আৰু নিখিল বঙ্গ ৰবীন্দ্ৰ সাহিত্য সন্মিলনত ঘোষিত 'ৰবীন্দ্ৰ স্মৃতি বঁটা'ও লাভ কৰে। ১৯৫৪ চনৰ মে মাহত প্ৰকাশিত হয় 'জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ কবিতা'। কিতাপখনে ১৯৫৫ চনত ভৰত চৰকাৰ [[সাহিত্য অকাডেমি বঁটা]] লাভ কৰে। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== অধ্যাপনাৰ কামতেই তেওঁৰ কৰ্মজীৱনৰ সূচনা আৰু সমাপ্তি। এম.এ পাচ কৰাৰ পাছত কলকাতাত কলেজৰ হোষ্টেলৰ থকাৰ প্ৰয়োজনতেই তেওঁ আইন পঢ়িবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। এই সময়ত তেওঁ ১৯২২ চনত কলকাতাৰ ব্ৰাহ্মসমাজৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত চিটি কলেজত টিউটৰ হিচাবে শিক্ষকতা আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ১৯২৮ ত সৰস্বতী পূজাক লৈ গোলমাল হোৱাত অন্যান্য কেইজনমান শিক্ষকৰ লগতে তেওঁকো কলেজ কৰ্তৃপক্ষই চাকৰিৰ পৰা বিদায় দিয়ে। জীৱনৰ শেষ ভাগত কিছুদিনৰ কাৰণে কলকাতাৰ এখন দৈনিক কাকত স্বৰাজৰ সাহিত্য বিভাগৰ সম্পাদনাত নিযুক্ত হৈছিল। তেওঁ বৰ্তমান বাংলাদেশ আৰু ভাৰতৰ বহুকেইখন শিক্ষাপ্ৰতিষ্ঠানত অধ্যাপনা কৰিছিল। তাৰ ভিতৰত আছে- চিটি কলেজ, কলকাতা (১৯২২-১৯২৮), বাগেৰহাট কলেজ, খুলনা (১৯২৯), ৰামযশ কলেজ, দিল্লী (১৯৩০-৩১), ব্ৰজমোহন কলেজ, বৰিশাল (১৯৩৫-১৯৪৮), খড়গপুৰ কলেজ, (১৯৫১-১৯৫২), বড়িশা কলেজ (অধুনা,’বিবেকানন্দ কলেজ’, কলকাতা)(১৯৫৩), আৰু হাওৰা গাৰ্লচ কলেজ, কলকাতা (১৯৫৩-১৯৫৪)। তেওঁৰ কৰ্মজীৱন খু্ব এটা মসৃণ নাছিল। চাকৰি তথা জীৱিকাৰ অভাৱে তেওঁ আমৃত্যু কষ্ট দিলে। এটা চাকৰিৰ বাবে তেওঁ দুৱাৰে দুৱাৰে ঘূৰিছিল। স্ত্ৰী লাবণ্য দাসে স্কুলত শিক্ষকতা কৰি জীৱিকাৰ অভাৱ কিছু লাঘৱ কৰিছিল। ১৯৫৮ চনত অকাল মৃত্যুৰ সময়ত তেওঁ হাওৰা গাৰ্লচ কলেজত শিক্ষকতা কৰি আছিল। দুবাৰ দীঘলীয়া বেকাৰ অৱস্থাত তেওঁ ইঞ্চিউৰেঞ্চ কোম্পানীৰ এজেণ্ট হিচাবে কাম কৰিছিল আৰু মূলতঃ গৃহ শিক্ষকতা কৰি ঘৰ চলায়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি দুবছৰমান ব্যৱসায় কৰাৰ চেষ্টাও কৰিছিল। দৰিদ্ৰতা আৰু অভাৱ তেওঁৰ কৰ্মজীৱনৰ ছাঁৰ দৰে আছিল। ==সাহিত্যিক জীৱন== সম্ভৱত: মাক কুসুমকুমাৰী দেৱীৰ প্ৰভাৱত ল’ৰা কালৰ পৰাই তেওঁ পদ্য লিখিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। ১৯১৯ চনত তেওঁ লিখা কবিতা এটা প্ৰকাশ হয়। এইটোৱে তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশিত কবিতা। কবিতাটোৰ নাম 'বৰ্ষা আবাহন'। এইটো ব্ৰাক্ষ্মবাদী আলোচনীৰ ১৩২৫ চনৰ বহাগ সংখ্যাত প্ৰকাশিত হৈছিল। তেতিয়া তেওঁ জীবনানন্দ দাসগুপ্ত নামেৰে লিখিছিল। ১৯২৭ চনৰ পৰা তেওঁ জীবনানন্দ দাস বুলি লিখাৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। ১৯২৫ চন ১৬ জুনত দেশবন্ধু চিত্তৰঞ্জন দাসৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাত তেওঁ 'দেশবন্ধুৰ প্ৰয়াণত' শিৰোনামৰে এটা কবিতা লিখিছিল যিটো বংগবাণী আলোচনীৰ ১৩৩২ চনৰ শাওন সংখ্যাত প্ৰকাশিত হৈছিল। কিন্তু দীনেশৰঞ্জন দাসৰ সম্পাদিত 'কল্লোল' আলোচনীৰ ১৩৩২ (১৯২৬ চন) ফাগুণ সংখ্যাত তেওঁৰ 'নীলিমা' শীৰ্ষক কবিতাটো প্ৰকাশিত হয় যেন আধুনিক বঙালী কবিতাৰ জগতত তেওঁ অন্নপ্ৰাশনহে হয়! জীৱিতকালত তেওঁৰ ৭খন কাব্যগ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশিত হয়। প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশিত 'ঝৰা পালক' নামৰ কাব্যগ্ৰন্থত তেওঁৰ প্ৰকৃত কবিত্বশক্তি ফুটি উঠা নাছিল; বৰং ইয়াত কবি নজৰুল ইছলাম, মোহিতলাল মজুমদাৰ আৰু সত্যেন্দ্ৰনাথ দত্তৰ প্ৰত্যক্ষ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিলক্ষিত হয়। কিন্তু খুব সোনকালে তেওঁ স্বকীয়তা অৰ্জন কৰিছিল। দীঘলীয়া ব্যৱধানত প্ৰকাশিত দ্বিতীয় কাব্য সংকলন 'ধূসৰ পাণ্ডুলিপি'ত তেওঁৰ স্বকীয় কাব্য কৌশল পৰিস্ফুট হৈ উঠে। বঙালী সাহিত্য জগতত তেওঁৰ বৈশিষ্ট্যবোৰ আলোচনাৰ বিষয় হৈ উঠে। শেষৰ ফালৰ কবিতাত অৰ্থনিৰ্মলতাৰ অভাৱ আছিল। 'সাতটি তাৰাৰ তিমিৰ'ৰ প্ৰকাশ হোৱাৰ পাছতেই তেওঁৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দুৰ্বোধ্যতাৰ অভিযোগ উঠে। নিজৰ কবিতাৰ অপমূল্যায়নক লৈ জীবনানন্দ খুব চিন্তিত হৈছিল। তেওঁ নিজেই স্ব-ৰচনাৰ অৰ্থ-নিৰূপন কৰাৰ অভিপ্ৰায় ব্যক্ত কৰিছিল যদিও শেষাৱধি সেয়া সম্ভৱ হৈ নুঠিল। কিন্তু কবি নিজেই নিজৰ ৰচনাৰ কাঢ়া সমালোচক আছিল। গতিকে চাৰে আঠ শতাধিক কবিতা লিখিলেও তেওঁ জীৱিতকালত মাত্ৰ ২৬২টা কবিতাহে বিভিন্ন কাকত-আলোচনী আৰু কাব্যসংকলনত প্ৰকাশ কৰিবৰ বাবে দিছিল। এনেকি 'ৰূপসী বাংলা'ৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ পাণ্ডুলিপি প্ৰস্তুত থকা সত্ত্বেও জীবনানন্দ দাসে প্ৰকাশ কৰা সিদ্ধান্ত ল’ব পৰা নাছিল। তেওঁ এই কাব্যগন্থৰ নাম দিছিল 'বাংলা ত্ৰস্ত নীলিমা' যিখন তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত আৱিষ্কৃত হয় আৰু 'ৰূপসী বাংলা' নামেৰে প্ৰকাশিত হয়। মৃত্যুৰ পাছত আৰু কেইবাটাও পাণ্ডুলিপি আৱিষ্কৃত হয় যিবোৰ 'বেলা অবেলা কালবেলা' নামেৰে প্ৰকাশিত হয়। জীৱিতকালত তেওঁৰ একমাত্ৰ পৰিচয় আছিল কবি। অৰ্থৰ প্ৰয়োজনত তেওঁ কিছুসংখ্যক প্ৰবন্ধ লিখিছিল আৰু প্ৰকাশো কৰিছিল। কিন্তু গোপনে প্ৰচুৰ গল্প আৰু উপন্যাস লিখিছিল, যিবোৰৰ এটাৰো প্ৰকাশৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰা নাছিল। এইবোৰৰ বাহিৰেও ষাঠি-পয়ষষ্ঠিটাৰ বেচি 'লিটাৰেৰী নোটচ্‌' লিখিছিল যাৰ অধিকাংশ এতিয়াও (২০০৯) প্ৰকাশ হোৱা নাই। ==স্বীকৃতি আৰু সমালোচনা== জীৱিতকালত অসাধাৰণ কবি হিচাবে পৰিচিত হ’লেও তেওঁ খ্যাতি অৰ্জন কৰিব পৰা নাছিল। ইয়াৰ কাৰণে তেওঁৰ প্ৰচাৰবিমুখতাও দায়ী। তেওঁ আপোনভোলা মানুহ আছিল। কিন্তু মৃত্যুৰ পাছতেই তেওঁ বঙালী ভাষাৰ অধুনিক কবিতাৰ পথপ্ৰদৰ্শকসকলৰ এজন হিচাবে স্বীকৃতি পায়। জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ জীৱনক লৈ বঙালী ভাষাত প্ৰচুৰ গ্ৰন্থ ৰচনা কৰা হৈছে, এতিয়াও হৈয়ে আছে। ইয়াৰ বাহিৰেও ইংৰাজীত তেওঁৰ জীৱনৰ ভিত্তিত ক্লিনটন বি চিলিয়ে 'এ পোয়েট এপাৰ্ট' নামৰ গ্ৰন্থ ৰচনা কৰিছে। ইংৰাজীৰ বাহিৰেও ফৰাচীসহ কেইবাটাও ইউৰোপীয় ভাষালৈ তেওঁৰ কবিতা অনূদিত হৈছে। যদিও তেওঁ সৰ্বাধিক কবি হিচাবে পৰিচিত কিন্তু মৃত্যুৰ পাছৰ পৰা ২০০৯ চনলৈকে তেওঁৰ যি বিপুল পাণ্ডুলিপি উদ্ঘাটিত হৈছে তাৰ মাজত উপন্যাস সংখ্যা ১৪ আৰু গল্পৰ সংখ্যা শতাধিক। ==বঁটা== নিখিলবঙ্গ ৰবীন্দ্ৰ সাহিত্য সন্মিলনত ১৯৫২ চনত পৰিবৰ্তিত চিগনেট সংস্কৰণ বনলতা সেন কাব্য গ্ৰন্থই বঙালী ১৩৫৯ৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ কাব্যগ্ৰন্থ হিচাবে পুৰস্কৃত হয়। কবিৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত ১৯৫৫ চনত ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ কবিতা (১৯৫৪)ই [[সাহিত্য অকাডেমি বঁটা]] লাভ কৰে। ==মৃত্যু== ১৪ অক্তোবৰ ১৯৫৪ তাৰিখে কলকাতাৰ বালিগঞ্জত এক ট্ৰাম দুৰ্ঘটনাত তেওঁ আহত হয়। ট্ৰামৰ চেপাত তেওঁৰ শৰীৰ পিষ্ট হৈ গৈছিল। ভাঙি গৈছিল ডিঙি, উৰু আৰু বুকুৰ কামি হাড়। গুৰুতৰভাৱে আহত জীবনানন্দৰ চিঞৰ শুনি ওচৰৰ চাহ দোকানৰ মালিক চুনীলাল আৰু অন্যান্যসকলে তেওঁক উদ্ধাৰ কৰে। শম্ভূনাথ পণ্ডিত হাস্পতালত তেওঁ ভৰ্তি কৰোৱা হয়। এই সময়ত ড: ভূমেন্দ্ৰ গুহ সহ অনেক তৰুণ কবিয়ে জীবনানন্দৰ সুচিকিত্সাৰ কাৰণে প্ৰাণে পণে চেষ্টা কৰিছিল। কবি সাহিত্যিক সজনীকান্ত দাসে এই বিষয়ত বিশেষ উদ্যোগ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ অনুৰোধক্ৰমেই তদানীন্তন মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী ডা: বিধানচন্দ্ৰ ৰায়ে কবিক দেখা কৰিবলৈ আহিছিল আৰু আহত কবিৰ সুচিকিত্সাৰ নিৰ্দেশ দিছিল। তত্সত্ত্বেও চিকিৎসাৰ বিশেষ কোনো উন্নতি হোৱা নাছিল। এই সময়ত পত্নী লাবণ্য দাসক তেওঁৰ কাষত বেচি দেখা পোৱা নগৈছিল। তেওঁ টালিগঞ্জত চিনেমাৰ কামত ব্যস্ত আছিল। জীবনানন্দৰ অৱস্থা ক্ৰমাৎ জটিলতাৰ পিনে ঢাল খায়। শেষত কবি [[নিউম'নিয়া]]ত আক্ৰান্ত হয়। চিকিত্সকসকলৰ সকলো প্ৰচেষ্টা বিফল কৰি ২২ অক্তোবৰ ১৯৫৪ তাৰিখে নিশা ১১বাজি ৩৫ মিনিটত কলকাতাৰ শম্ভূনাথ পণ্ডিত হাস্পতালত তেওঁ মৃত্যু হয়। আব্দুল মান্নান চৈয়দ-সহ কোনো কোনোৱে ধাৰণা কৰে যে আত্মহত্যাৰ প্ৰবণতাই আছিল এই দুৰ্ঘটনাৰ মূল কাৰণ। জীবনানন্দৰ গৱেষক ডা: ভূমেন্দ্ৰ গুহই ভাবিছিল জাগতিক নি:সহায়তাই কবিক মানসিকভাৱে দুৰ্বল কৰি তুলিছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ জীৱনস্পৃহা শূন্য কৰি পেলাইছিল। মৃত্যুচিন্তাই কবিৰ মনত বাস কৰিছিল। তেওঁ প্ৰায়ে ট্ৰাম দুৰ্ঘটনাত মৃত্যুৰ কথা ভাবিছিল। কলকাতাত যোৱা এশবছৰত ট্ৰাম দুৰ্ঘটনাত মৃত্যুৰ সংখ্যা আছিল মাত্ৰ এটা আৰু সেয়া আন কাৰো নহয় কবি জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ। কিন্ত প্ৰত্যক্ষদৰ্শীৰ মতে সেই সময়ত দুই হাতে দুই থোক ডাব লৈ ট্ৰাম লাইন পাৰ কৰিছিল কবিয়ে। আত্মহত্যাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লৈ দুই হাতে দুই থোক ডাব লৈ ঘৰলৈ ঘূৰি অহা ৰাস্তাত ট্ৰাম লাইনত পৰি দিয়াতো খুব এটা গ্ৰহণযোগ্য যুক্তি নহয়। ==গ্ৰন্থ তালিকা== ===কাব্যগ্ৰন্থ=== জীবনানন্দৰ কাব্যগ্ৰন্থসমূহৰ প্ৰকাশকাল সম্পৰ্কে প্ৰণিধানযোগ্য যে কেইবাখনো কাব্যগ্ৰন্থৰ একাধিক পৰিবৰ্ধিত সংস্কৰণ প্ৰকাশিত হৈছিল। তলত কেবল প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশনৰ বছৰ উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। তৰা চিন থকা সমূহ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত প্ৰকাশিত গ্ৰন্থ। * ঝৰা পালক (১৯২৭) * [[ধূসৰ পাণ্ডুলিপি]] (১৯৩৬) * [[বনলতা সেন (কবিতা)|বনলতা সেন]] (১৯৪২, কবিতাভবন সংস্কৰণ) * মহাপৃথিবী (১৯৪৪) * সাতটি তাৰাৰ তিমিৰ (১৯৪৮) * বনলতা সেন (১৯৫২, চিগনেট প্ৰেছ সংস্কৰণ) * জীবনানন্দ দাশেৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ কবিতা (১৯৫৪) * ৰূপসী বাংলা (১৯৫৭)* * বেলা অবেলা কালবেলা (১৯৬১)* * সুদৰ্শনা (১৯৭৪)* * আলো পৃথিবী (১৯৮১) * * মনোবিহঙ্গম* * অপ্ৰকাশিত একান্ন (১৯৯৯) * === প্ৰবন্ধগ্ৰন্থ === * কবিতাৰ কথা (১৯৫৫) * জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ প্ৰবন্ধ সমগ্ৰ (১৯৯০, সম্পাদক: ফয়জুল লতিফ চৌধুৰী])* === উপন্যাস === * মাল্যবান (১৯৭৩) * সুতীৰ্থ (১৯৭৭) * চাৰজন (২০০৪: সম্পাদক: ভূমেন্দ্ৰ গুহ আৰু ফয়সাল শাহৰিয়াৰ)* === গল্পগ্ৰন্থ === * জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ গল্প (১৯৭২, সম্পাদনা: সুকুমাৰ ঘোষ আৰু সুবিনয় মুস্তাফী) * জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ গল্প (১৯৮৯, সম্পাদনা: আব্দুল মান্নান চৈয়দ) === পত্ৰসংকলন === * জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ পত্ৰাবলী (বঙালী ১৩৮৫, সম্পাদক: দীপেনকুমাৰ ৰায়) * জীবনানন্দ দাসৰ পত্ৰাবলী (১৯৮৬, সম্পাদক: আব্দুল মান্নান চৈয়দ) == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== <references/> ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{wikiquote}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090728185157/http://www.geocities.com/poetjibananandadas/ জীবনানন্দ দাস সংক্ৰান্তিয় ৱেবছাইট] * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2j59asLgbG4 শম্ভু মিত্ৰৰ কণ্ঠত ''বোধ'' কবিতাটিৰ আবৃত্তি] * [http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/D_0041.htm Search.com.bd] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324053644/http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/D_0041.htm |date=2012-03-24 }} * [http://www.sciy.org/2010/02/16/jibanananda-das-post-rabindrian-bengali-poet/ জীবনানন্দ দাস: ৰবীন্দ্ৰোত্তৰ বাঙালি কবি; ৰচয়িতা - দেবাশীষ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401111630/http://www.sciy.org/2010/02/16/jibanananda-das-post-rabindrian-bengali-poet/ |date=2012-04-01 }} * [http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-152027/Jibanananda-Das Britannica.com] * [http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070318/spectrum/book3.htm TribuneIndia.com] * [https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no34143.htm Vadamsbooks.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022143111/https://www.vedamsbooks.com/no34143.htm |date=2006-10-22 }} * [http://bangladesh.wetpaint.com/page/Jibanananda+Das?t=anon Wetpaint.com]{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বঙালী সাহিত্যিক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বঙালী ভাষাৰ সাহিত্য অকাডেমি বঁটা বিজয়ী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বঙালী কবি]] 4n4y5guryptj60aw8tn9l5giqp0n9ew 0 25454 646114 643140 2026-10-19T19:40:52Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikify}} {{unreferenced}} {{Infobox person | name = এনী বেছাণ্ট (Annie Besant) | image = Annie Besant in 1897.JPG | caption = এনী বেছাণ্ট (১৮৯৭) | birth_date = ১ অক্টোবৰ, ১৮৪৭ | birth_place = ক্লেফাম(Clapham), [[লণ্ডন]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1933|9|20|1847|10|1}} | death_place = আদয়াৰ (তামিলনাডু), মাদ্ৰাছ প্ৰেসিডেন্সী, [[ভাৰতবৰ্ষ]] | other_names = | spouse = ফ্ৰেংক বেচান্ত | children = আৰ্থুৰ, মেবেলl | known_for = ব্ৰহ্মজ্ঞানী বক্তি, women's rights activist, লেখিকা আৰু বক্তা }} <!-- '''Annie Besant''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɛ|s|ə|n|t}}; ''née'' '''Wood''', 1 October 1847 – 20 September 1933) was a prominent British [[socialism|socialist]], [[Theosophy|Theosophist]], [[women's rights]] [[activist]], [[writer]] and [[orator]] and supporter of [[Ireland|Irish]] and [[India]]n self-rule.--> কেৱল মানৱ সমাজৰ উন্নতিৰ বাবেই নিজৰ জীৱন উৎৰ্সগ কৰা মহান ব্যক্তিসকলৰ ভিতৰত মহিয়সী মহিলা '''এনী বেছাণ্ট''' এগৰাকী উল্লেখনীয় ব্যক্তি। যি সময়ত ইংৰাজ জাতিয়ে আধুনিকতাৰ শীৰ্ষস্থান আৰোহণ কৰিছিল, মানুহে কল্পনা কৰা সকলো সুখ স্বাচ্ছন্দ্যৰে জীৱন পূৰ্ণমাত্ৰাত উপভোগ কৰিছিল সেই সময়ত এইগৰাকী ব্ৰিটিছ মহিলাই সুদূৰ লণ্ডনৰ পৰা আহি দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰ এটা অভাৱগ্ৰস্ত অঞ্চলত বসবাস কৰিবলৈ লৈছিল। কেৱল মানৱ সেৱাকেই জীৱনৰ ব্ৰত কৰি লোৱা এই গৰাকী বিদূষী মহিলাই সমাজৰ সকলো দিশৰ পৰা অন্ধকাৰত বাস কৰা এখন নি:স্ব সমাজৰ কল্যাণৰ হকে নিজকে বিলাই দিছিল। [[File:Olcott Besant Leadbeater.jpg|thumb|Annie Besant with [[Henry Olcott]] (left) and [[Charles Webster Leadbeater|Charles Leadbeater]] (right) in [[Adyar (Chennai)|Adyar]], Madras in December 1905]] ==জন্ম আৰু শিক্ষা== ১৮৪৭ চনৰ ১ অক্টোবৰ তাৰিখে লণ্ডন চহৰত জন্ম হৈছিল, উইলিয়াম পেজ উদ্‌ আৰু এমিলি উদ্‌ৰ কন্যা সন্তান এনীৰ। দেউতাক আছিল এজন নাম কৰা চিকিৎসক। এনীৰ ৫ বছৰ বয়সত দেউতাক উইলিয়াম উদৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাত পৰিয়ালটো গভীৰ অৰ্থ সংকটৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছিল। এনে অৱস্থাত এনীৰ মাকে সন্তান দুটি লগত লৈ লণ্ডনৰ পৰা গৈ হেৰ’ত উপস্থিত হৈছিল গৈ। হেৰ’তে তেওঁ ল’ৰা ছোৱালী দুটাক পাব্লিক স্কুলত ভৰ্তি কৰাই দিয়ে। ইয়াতেই মিছ মেৰীয়েট নামৰ আন এগৰাকী ব্ৰিটিছ মহিলাৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত এনীৰ জীৱনে বিকাশ লাভ কৰাৰ সুবিধা পাইছিল। মিছ মেৰীয়েটে নিজৰ ছোৱালীৰ দৰে প্ৰতিপালন কৰাৰ উপৰিও এনীক ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষাৰ শিক্ষা দিছিল। মিছ মেৰীয়েটৰ তত্ত্বাৱধানত এনীয়ে অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে ইংৰাজীৰ উপৰিও ফৰাচী আৰু জাৰ্মান ভাষা সুন্দৰভাৱে আয়ত্ত কৰি পেলাইছিল। ইয়াৰ লগে লগে এনীয়ে মেৰীয়েটৰ পৰা শিকিছিল সমাজসেৱাৰ কাম। ১৮৬১ চন, ১৪ বছৰ বয়সত মাকৰ অনুমতি সাপেক্ষে মেৰীয়েটে এনীক বিদেশ ভ্ৰমণলৈ নিয়ে ৷ প্ৰথমে, জাৰ্মানী আৰু পিছত ফ্ৰাঞ্চত দুয়োখন দেশতে সম্পূৰ্ণ দুবছৰ কটোৱাৰ পিছত ১৮৬৩ চনত মেৰীয়েটৰ লগত এনী পুনৰ ইংলণ্ডৰ ঘৰলৈ ঘূৰি আহে। ইতিমধ্যে এনী সকলোফালৰ পৰা যোগ্য হৈ উঠিছিল<ref>আধুনিক বিশ্বৰ এশগৰাকী মহান ব্যক্তি,: সম্পাদনা: কনকসেন ডেকা।</ref>। ==বিবাহ== ১৮৬৬ চনত, ১৯ বছৰ বয়সত এনীয়ে লগ পায় কেমব্ৰিজৰ পৰা সদ্য শিক্ষা সাং কৰি ওলোৱা তৰুণ স্নাতক ৰেভাৰেণ্ড ফ্ৰেঙ্ক বেছাণ্টক। দুয়ো দুয়োৰে প্ৰতি আকৃষ্ট হয় আৰু ১৮৬৭ চনত এনীৰ ফ্ৰেঙ্ক বেছান্তৰ সৈতে বিয়া হয় ৷ অৱশ্যে তেওঁলোকৰ বিবাহিত জীৱন দীৰ্ঘস্থায়ী হ’বলৈ নাপালে। ফ্ৰেঙ্ক বেছাণ্টৰ বদ মেজাজৰ বাবে এনীৰ জীৱন অশান্তিকৰ হৈ পৰে। তথাপি এনীয়ে ছবছৰমান সেই অশান্তিৰ মাজৰে পাৰ কৰিলে । ইতিমধ্যে দুটা সন্তানৰ জন্ম হয়। পিছে ফ্ৰেঙ্কৰ অত্যাচাৰৰ এটা চৰম মুহূৰ্তত এদিন এনী আৰু ফ্ৰেঙ্কৰ মাজত বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে আৰু এনী চূড়ান্তভাৱে ফ্ৰেঙ্কৰ জীৱনৰ পৰা আঁতৰি যায়। ইয়াৰ পিছতেই এগৰাকী সমাজ সেৱিকাৰ ভূমিকাত এনী ইউৰোপৰ সৰ্বহাৰা সকলৰ মাজত সোমায় পৰে । ==জীৱিকা== ১৮৭৩ চনত ফ্ৰেঙ্কৰ সৈতে বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদৰ পিছতে এনীৰ আৰ্থিক অৱস্থা ইমানেই শোচনীয় হৈ পৰে যে তেওঁ পেট প্ৰবৰ্তাবৰ বাবে যিকোনো ধৰণৰ কামতে হাত দিবলগীয়া হয়। অনেক কষ্টৰ মূৰত ফকষ্টনত এটা চাকৰি যোগাৰ হয় হেড-কুক গভাৰ্নেচ আৰু নাৰ্চ হিচাপে। এই চাকৰি কৰিয়ে এনীয়ে মাকৰ সৈতে থাকিবলৈ লয়। মাক-জীয়েক দুয়োৰে মিলিত উপাৰ্জনেৰে তেওঁলোকে সৰুকৈ এটা ঘৰ বান্ধে। কিন্ত এনেকৈ এটা মান বছৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ নহওঁতেই টান নৰিয়াত পৰি এদিন এনীৰ মাকৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু ইয়াৰ পিছত এনী সম্পূৰ্ণ অকলশৰীয়া হৈ পৰে। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== [[File:Annie Besant.001.jpg|thumb|১৯২২ চনত [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]]ৰ [[ছিড্নী]]ত এনী বেছাণ্ট]] ১৮৭৪ চনত ’নেশ্যনেল চেকুলাৰ ছ’চাইটি অব ইংল্যণ্ড’ৰ মুখপত্ৰ ’নেশ্যনেল ৰিফৰমাৰ’ত প্ৰকাশিত এটা প্ৰবন্ধই এনী বেছাণ্টৰ মনত ৰেখাপাত কৰে। তেওঁ এই ছ’চাইটিৰ কৰ্মকৰ্তাসকলক লগ ধৰি ১৮৭৪ চনত ইয়াৰ সদস্যভুক্ত হয়। ইয়াৰ কিছুদিনৰ পিছতেই তেওঁ ’নেশ্যনেল ৰিফৰমাৰ’ত যোগ দিয়ে মুখপত্ৰখনৰ সহ-সম্পাদিকাৰূপে। #’নেশ্যনেল ৰিফৰমাৰ’ পত্ৰিকাৰ সহ-সম্পাদিকাৰ দায়িত্ব পালনৰ লগতে এনীয়ে সমাজ সংস্কাৰৰ বিভিন্ন দিশত নানান সংস্কাৰমূলক কামতো নিজকে জড়িত কৰে। এইক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁ প্ৰথম উল্লেখনীয় পদক্ষেপ হ’ল ইংল্যণ্ডত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে গঠন হ’বলৈ ধৰা ’শ্ৰমিক সংঘ’ সমূহৰ সাংগঠনিক দিশত আগবঢ়োৱা নিজৰ অৱদান। বিশেষকৈ সেই সময়ত ইংল্যণ্ডৰ জুইশলা কাৰখানা সমূহত নিয়োজিত কিশোৰী, যুৱতী আৰু মহিলা সকলৰ দুৰৱস্থাৰ প্ৰতি লক্ষ্য ৰাখি চৰকাৰ তথা দেশবাসীৰ দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰাৰ লগতে তেওঁ সেই শ্ৰেণীৰ শ্ৰমিক মহিলাসকলৰ স্বাৰ্থতে কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ বিৰুদ্ধে একপ্ৰকাৰ যুদ্ধ ঘোষণা কৰে। তেওঁ নিজৰ একক প্ৰচেষ্টাত একাধিক মহিলা শ্ৰমিক সংগঠন গঢ়ি তোলে আৰু নিজ নিজ অধিকাৰ বিচাৰি তেওঁলোকৰ দাবী উত্থাপন কৰাৰ বাবে শ্ৰমিক মহিলা সকললৈ আহ্বান জনায়। # ইয়াৰ পিছত এনীয়ে জৰ্জ বাৰ্নাড শ্ব, চিডনী ওৱেব, জৰ্জ লেনচ্‌বাৰী, ৰেমছে মেক্‌ডনাল্ড আদি প্ৰখ্যাত ব্যক্তি সকলৰ দ্বাৰা গঠিত ফেবিয়ান ছ’চাইটিত (Fabian Society) যোগ দিয়ে। # ১৮৮৯ চনত, এনীৰ বয়স ৪২ বছৰ পূৰ হোৱাৰ পূৰ্বেই, তেওঁ সমাজ সংস্কাৰৰ প্ৰায়বোৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতে নিজকে জড়িত কৰাৰ উপৰিও সংস্কাৰমূলক ভাষণ দান, লিখা-মেলাৰ মাজতে প্ৰশাসনৰ হাতত শাস্তি ভোগ কৰিবলগীয়াও হয়। # ১৮৬৬ চনত মেডাম ব্লেভেত্‌স্কিয়ে লিখা ’The Secret Doctrine’ নামৰ এখন কিতাপ এনীক দিয়া হয় পুথি সমালোচনাৰ বাবে। এনীয়ে যদিও, কাকতত ইয়াৰ সমালোচনা আগবঢ়োৱাৰ বাবেই কিতাপখন পঢ়িছিল, তথাপি তেওঁৰ পৰৱৰ্তী কালৰ জীৱন পথো উদ্ভাসিত কৰিছিল এই গ্ৰন্থৰ বিষয়বস্তুৱে। #এনী বেছাণ্ট প্ৰথম ভাৰতলৈ আহে ১৮৯৩ চনত ১৬ নবেম্বৰ তাৰিখে। তেওঁ সেইদিনা টুটিকৰিনত অৱতৰণ কৰাৰ পিছত দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰ ১২খন চহৰত ভাষণ দান কৰে। পুনৰ ১৮৯৪ চনত তেওঁ উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰো ১৮খন চহৰত একেলেথাৰিয়ে ভাষণ দান কৰে। তেওঁৰ এই ভাষণসমূহ আছিল মুখ্যত: হিন্দুধৰ্ম আৰু সংস্কৃতিৰ ওপৰত তেওঁৰ সত্যনিষ্ঠ বিশ্বাস আৰু প্ৰশংসাবাদৰ পৰিচায়ক। #১৮৯৫ চনত এনীয়ে বাৰাণসীত এখন ঘৰ কৰি তাতেই থাকিবলৈ লয় আৰু ’ভগৱত্‌ গীতা’ৰ ভাঙণি কৰাৰ কাম সমাপ্ত কৰে। ইয়াত থকা কালতো এনীয়ে ভাৰতবাসীৰ প্ৰতি আগবঢ়োৱা আন দুটা মহত্‌ কাম হ’ল ১৮৯৮ চনত বাৰাণসীত তেওঁৰ দ্বাৰা কেন্দ্ৰীয় হিন্দু কলেজ স্থাপন আৰু ’বেনাৰস হিন্দু বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়’ স্থাপনৰ প্ৰস্তুতি। # ১৯০৭ চনত এনী বেছাণ্ট ’থিয়ছফিকেল ছ’চাইটি’ৰ অধক্ষা নিৰ্বাচিত হয় আৰু মাদ্ৰাজৰ আদ্‌য়াৰত স্থায়ীভাৱে থাকিবলৈ লয়। # ১৯১৩ চনত মাদ্ৰাজত অনুষ্ঠিত এখন ৰাজহুৱা সভাত ভাষণ দান কৰি এনীয়ে ভাৰতক স্বাধীনতা দানৰ সপক্ষে ব্ৰিটিছ চৰকাৰ আৰু ভাৰতবাসীৰ সমুখত নিজৰ মতামত দাঙি ধৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতেই তেওঁ ভাৰতীয় ৰাজনীতিতো জড়িত হৈ পৰে আৰু নানান সভা-সমিতিত ভাৰতবাসীৰ অধিকাৰ সমূহৰ হকে ব্ৰিটিছ প্ৰশাসনৰ সমুখত নিজ বক্তব্য ৰাখিবলৈ গৈ প্ৰশাসনৰ কু-নজৰতো পৰে। #১৯১৭ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত কলিকতাত অনুষ্ঠিত ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্ৰেছৰ সভাত এনী বেছাণ্ট সভানেত্ৰী নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। ইয়াৰ এবছৰৰ পিছত ১৯১৮ চনত তেওঁ মাদ্ৰাজৰ আদ্‌য়াৰত স্থাপন কৰে ’নেশ্যনেল ইউনিভাৰচিটি’। #১৯১৭ চনত এনীয়ে আৰম্ভ কৰা Women’s Indian Association নামৰ সংস্থাটোৱেই পিছলৈ All India Women’s Conference নামে প্ৰতিষ্ঠা লাভ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও এনীৰ প্ৰচেষ্টাত ভাৰতৰ বিভিন্ন ঠাইত গঢ় লৈ উঠে শতাধিক তেনে ধৰণৰ সংগঠন, ৫০ খনৰো অধিক শিক্ষানুষ্ঠান আৰু ভাৰতত স্কাউট আৰু গাইডৰ কৰ্য্যসূচীৰো সফল সূচনা ঘটে এনী বেছাণ্টৰেই নিৰালস্য প্ৰচেষ্টাত। ==মৃত্যু== সমাজ সংস্কাৰৰ বিভিন্ন কামত লাগি ফুৰাৰ ফলত অত্যধিক পৰিশ্ৰমৰ ফলস্বৰূপে ১৯৩০ চনৰ মাজভাগৰ পৰা তেওঁৰ শৰীৰ ক্ৰমাত্‌ ভাগি পৰিবলৈ ধৰে আৰু অৱশেষত ১৯৩৩ চনৰ ২০ ছেপ্তেম্বৰত মাদ্ৰাজৰ আদ্‌য়াৰত নিজা ঘৰত এনী বেছাণ্টৰ পৰলোকপ্ৰাপ্তি ঘটে। ==উপসংহাৰ== চলিশ বছৰ কাল ধৰি ভাৰতৰ মাটিকেই আপোন বুলি ধৰি লৈ এই দেশৰ স্বাৰ্থত তেওঁৰ দ্বাৰা লিখিত লিখনিসমূহ আৰু ইংল্যণ্ড আৰু ভাৰতৰ বিভিন্ন কাকত আলোচনীত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি আৰু পৰম্পৰা বিষয়ক প্ৰবন্ধৰাজি আজিও এনী বেছাণ্টৰ ভাৰত প্ৰীতিৰ এক জ্বলন্ত সাক্ষী হৈ আছে। ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commonscat|Annie Besant|এনী বেছাণ্ট}} *{{gutenberg author|id=Annie_Wood_Besant|name=Annie Wood Besant}} *[http://www.csuchico.edu/phil/sdobra_mat/besantpaper.html Annie Wood Besant: Orator, Activist, Mystic, Rhetorician] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091106024025/http://www.csuchico.edu/phil/sdobra_mat/besantpaper.html |date=2009-11-06 }} By Susan Dobra *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130517232540/http://www.alpheus.org/html/articles/theosophy/bevir3.html Annie Besant's Quest for Truth: Christianity, Secularism, and New Age Thought] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090103112516/http://dlxs2.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=cdl;idno=cdl364 Thought power, its control and culture] Cornell University Library Historical Monographs Collection. *[http://www.freemasonryformenandwomen.co.uk The British Federation of the International Order of Co-Freemasonry, Le Droit Humain, founded by Annie Besant in 1902] {{Indian independence movement}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:যুক্তৰাজ্যৰ ব্যক্তি]] 7fnobku6jz6jb2kbf5pbmh5nnd05anc 0 31986 646166 632231 2026-10-20T00:53:09Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = ঘৰচিৰিকা | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN2012>{{IUCN|id=106008367 |title=''Passer domesticus'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2012.1 |year=2012 |accessdate=16 July 2012}}</ref> | image = House Sparrow mar08.jpg | image_caption = অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াত এটা মতা ঘৰচিৰিকা চৰাই | image2=House Sparrow, England - May 09.jpg | image2_caption=ইংলেণ্ডত এটা মতা ঘৰচিৰিকা চৰাই | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[চৰাই|Aves]] | ordo = [[Passeriformes]] | familia = [[Passeridae]] | genus = ''[[Passer]]'' | species = ''[[Passer domesticus]]'' |binomial = ''Passer domesticus'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758) | range_map=PasserDomesticusDistribution.png | range_map_caption=<div style="text-align:left; ">{{Legend2|#009000| Native range|border=1px solid #aaa}}<br> {{Legend2|#00FF00| Introduced range|border=1px solid #aaa}}</div> | synonyms_ref =<ref>{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|1988|pp=307–313}}</ref> | synonyms = ''Fringilla domestica'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small><br /> ''Passer domesticus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758) [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson|Brisson]], 1760</small><br /> ''Pyrgita domestica'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758) [[Georges Cuvier|G. Cuvier]], 1817</small><br /> ''Passer indicus'' <small>[[Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet|Jardine]] and [[Prideaux John Selby|Selby]], 1835</small><br /> ''Passer arboreus'' <small>[[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1850 ([[preoccupied name|preoccupied]])</small><br /> ''Passer confucius'' <small>Bonaparte, 1853</small><br /> ''Passer rufidorsalis'' <small>[[C. L. Brehm]], 1855</small><br /> ''Passer engimaticus'' <small>[[Nikolai Zarudny|Zarudny]], 1903</small><br /> ''Passer ahasvar'' <small>[[Otto Kleinschmidt|Kleinschmidt]], 1904</small> }} '''ঘৰচিৰিকা''' বা '''ঘনচিৰিকা''' ({{Lang-en|house sparrow}}, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম: ''{{Lang|en|Passer domesticus}}'') হৈছে Passeridae গোত্ৰৰ বিশ্বৰ প্ৰায় সকলো ঠাইতে দেখিবলৈ পোৱা সৰু আকাৰৰ চৰাই। এই চৰাইবিধ মানুহৰ সৈতে বসবাস কৰাত বিশেষভাৱে অভ্যস্ত। ইহঁতক নগৰ-চহৰ আৰু গাঁৱে-ভূঞে সকলোতে বসবাস কৰা দেখা যায়। ঘৰচিৰিকাই মূলতঃ গুটি, পোক-পতংগ আদি খাই জীয়াই থাকে। ঘৰচীয়া [[মেকুৰী]], [[ফেঁচা]] আদি ইহঁতৰ প্ৰধান ভক্ষক (predator)। ==বিৱৰণ== ঘৰচিৰিকা এবিধ সৰু আকাৰৰ চৰাই,<ref name="all about">{{cite web|url=http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/House_Sparrow/id|title=House Sparrow|publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology|work=All About Birds|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131113844/http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/House_Sparrow/id|archivedate=31 January 2013|access-date=16 December 2012|deadurl=yes}}</ref> সাধাৰণতে ইয়াৰ দেহৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ১৬ ছে: মি: হয়।<ref name="Summers116–117">{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|1988|pp=116–117}}</ref> ইয়াৰ মূৰটো ঘূৰণীয়া, ঠোঁট শকত আৰু নেজডাল চুটি,প্ৰায় ৫.২-৬.৫ ছে:মি: দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ।<ref name="all about"/><ref>{{harvnb|Clement|Harris|Davis|1993|p=443}}</ref> ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ দেহৰ ওজন প্ৰায় ২৪-৩৯.৫ গ্ৰাম। মাইকী ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ দেহৰ ওজন মতাৰ তুলনাত কম হয়।<ref name="Summers118–121">{{Harvnb|Summers-Smith|1988|pp=118–121}}</ref><ref name="Summers118–121"/><ref name=Groschupf/><ref>{{cite journal|last=Felemban|first=Hassan M.|title=Morphological differences among populations of House Sparrows from different altitudes in Saudi Arabia|journal=[[The Wilson Bulletin]]|year=1997|volume=109|issue=3|pages=539–544|url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v109n03/p0539-p0544.pdf|format=PDF|access-date=2012-12-16|archivedate=2012-09-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901234051/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v109n03/p0539-p0544.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ দেহৰ বৰণ ঠাইভেদে মুগাৰ পৰা মটিয়াধৰণৰ হোৱা দেখা যায়। মতা আৰু মাইকী চৰাইৰ বৰণ ভিন্ন। মাইকী ঘৰচিৰিকা সাধাৰণতে পাতলীয়া বৰণৰ-মতাৰ দেহৰ ৰং গাঢ় আৰু পৃষ্ঠ অংশ ৰঙচুৱা।<ref name=Groschupf/> মতা ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ ঠোঁটৰ পৰা পিঠিলৈকে গাঢ় ধোৱা বৰণৰ আৰু মূৰৰ দুইকাষে ৰঙচুৱা মটিয়া বৰণৰ হয়।<ref name=Clement444>{{Harvnb|Clement|Harris|Davis|1993|p=444}}</ref> ==টেক্স’নমি== ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ গোত্ৰ ''Passer'' আৰু এই গোত্ৰ ২৫ বিধ প্ৰজাতিৰ সমষ্টি।<ref name=HBW>{{cite book|first=J. Denis|last=Summers-Smith|editors=del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David|contribution=Family Passeridae (Old World Sparrows)|title=Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 14: Bush-shrikes to Old World Sparrows|year=2009|location=Barcelona|publisher=Lynx Edicions|isbn=978-84-96553-50-7}}</ref> এই প্ৰজাতিসমূহৰ বহুতো উপ-প্ৰজাতি পোৱা যায়। তাৰে উল্লেখযোগ্য বাৰ বিধ উপ-প্ৰজাতিৰ চমূ বৰ্ণনা তলত দিয়া হ’ল- ; বিভাগ-''domesticus'' * ''P. d. domesticus''-ইউৰোপ আৰু উত্তৰ এছিয়া<ref name="Summers121–122">{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|1988|pp=121–122}}</ref> * ''P. d. balearoibericus'' – দক্ষিণ ফ্ৰান্স আৰু বেলেৰিক দ্বীপ-পূঞ্জ (Balearic Islands)<ref name=HBW/> * ''P. d. tingitanus'' ([[Victor Loche|Loche]], 1867)-লিবিয়া, মৰ'ক্কো আৰু আলজেৰিয়া (Algeria)<ref name="Summers126–128">{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|1988|pp=126–128}}</ref> * ''P. d. niloticus'' Nicoll and Bonhote, 1909- ইজিপ্ট আৰু<ref name="Summers126–128"/><ref name=Praed>{{harvnb|Mackworth-Praed|Grant|1955|pp=870–871}}</ref> * ''P. d. persicus'' [[Nikolai Zarudny|Zarudny]] and Kudashev, 1916- ইৰাণ আৰু আফগানিস্তান<ref name="Summers126–128"/><ref>{{harvnb|Cramp|Perrins|1994|p=289}}</ref> * ''P. d. biblicus'' [[Ernst Hartert|Hartert]], 1910-পেলেষ্টাইন, তুৰ্কী, কুৱেইট<ref name=HBW/> ; বিভাগ- ''indicus'' * ''P. d. hyrcanus'' Zarudny and Kudashev, 1916- ইৰাণ> * ''P. d. bactrianus'' Zarudny and Kudashev, 1916-কাজাখস্তান, ইৰান আৰু আফগানিস্তান * ''P. d. parkini'' [[Hugh Whistler|Whistler]], 1920- কাশ্মীৰ, ভাৰত আৰু নেপাল * ''P. d. indicus'' [[Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet|Jardine]] and [[Prideaux John Selby|Selby]], 1831- ভাৰত, শ্ৰীলংকা আৰু উত্তৰ ইৰাণ<ref name=HBW/> * ''P. d. hufufae'' [[Claud Buchanan Ticehurst|Ticehurst]] and [[Thomas Frederic Cheeseman|Cheeseman]], 1924- চৌদি আৰবীয়া<ref>{{cite journal|last=Vaurie|first=Charles|title=Systematic notes on Palearctic birds. No. 24, Ploceidae, the genera ''Passer'', ''Petronia'', and ''Montifringilla''|url=https://archive.org/details/systematicnotes1814vaur|journal=American Museum Novitates|issue=1814|year=1956|id={{hdl|2246/5394}}}}</ref> * ''P. d. rufidorsalis'' [[C. L. Brehm]], 1855- চুডান<ref name=Praed/><ref name=HBW/> ==বিতৰণ== ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল [[মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য]]ত আৰু তাৰ পৰাই সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বত ই বিয়পি পৰে।<ref>{{harvnb|Anderson|2006|pp=5, 9–12}}</ref> নতুন নতুন ঠাইত এই চৰাইবিধ সংযোজন কৰি (introduction) মানুহেও ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ বিস্তাৰত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অংশ লৈছে। এনে নতুনকৈ ঘৰচিৰিকা সংযোজিত কৰা স্থানবোৰ হৈছে আমেৰিকা, পশ্চিম আফ্ৰিকা, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া, নিউজিলেণ্ড আৰু বিশ্বৰ বিভিনন্ন দ্বীপ সমূহ।<ref name=Anderson5/> ==বসতিস্থল== ঘৰচিৰিকা চৰাই মানুহৰ সৈতে বসবাস কৰাত অভ্যস্ত এবিধ প্ৰজাতি।ঘৰচিৠকাই মানুহৰ ঘৰৰ কিনাৰত বাহ সাজে।<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hobbs|first=J. N.|title=House Sparrow breeding away from Man|year=1955|volume=55|issue=4|journal=The Emu|url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=MU955302.pdf|page=202|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Wodzicki|first=Kazimierz|date=May 1956|title=Breeding of the House Sparrow away from Man in New Zealand|url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=MU956143.pdf|journal=Emu|volume=54|pages=146–147|format=PDF}}</ref> ==আচৰণ== {{multiple image | footer = ঘৰচিৰিকাই প্ৰায়ে পানীত (বাওঁফালৰ চিত্ৰ) বা ধূলিত (সোঁফালৰ চিত্ৰ) গা ধুৱে | image1 = Passer domesticus -England -bathing-8.jpg | width1 = 190 | image2 = House Sparrow dust bath.ogv | width2= 160 }} ঘৰচিৰিকাই জাক পাতি থাকি ভাল পায়।<ref>{{harvnb|Anderson|2006|p=247}}</ref> ইহঁতে পানী বা ধূলিত জাক পাতি গা ধোৱে আৰু সমজুৱাকৈ গান গায় (social singing)।<ref name=SummersBehaviour>{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|1988|pp=139–142}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v051n04/p0371-p0372.pdf|last=McGillivray|first=W. Bruce|title=Communal Nesting in the House Sparrow|journal=Journal of Field Ornithology|volume=51|year=1980|pages=371–372|format=PDF|issue=4|access-date=2012-12-16|archivedate=2010-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100808203456/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/JFO/v051n04/p0371-p0372.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> খোৱাৰ সময়ত আৰু বাঁহত সাধাৰণতে মাইকী ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ আধিপত্য বেছি থাকে।<ref>{{cite journal|last=Johnston|first=Richard F.|title=Aggressive Foraging Behavior in House Sparrows|url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v086n03/p0558-p0559.pdf|journal=The Auk|volume=86|issue=3|pages=558–559|year=1969|access-date=2012-12-16|archivedate=2011-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606011459/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Auk/v086n03/p0558-p0559.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/1366086|last=Kalinoski|first=Ronald|year=1975|title=Intra- and Interspecific Aggression in House Finches and House Sparrows|url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v077n04/p0375-p0384.pdf|journal=The Condor|volume=77|issue=4|pages=375–384|format=PDF|jstor=1366086|access-date=2012-12-16|archivedate=2011-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606011611/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v077n04/p0375-p0384.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> {{Listen|filename=Passer domesticus.ogg|title=Nesting birds calling|description=ফিনলেণ্ডত বাহ সাজি থকা ঘৰচিৰিকাই মাতি থকা অৱস্থাত}} ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ মাত সাধাৰণতে চুটি আৰু নোৰোৱাকৈ মতা ''চি-ৰ-ৰ-প'' (chirrup), ''চি-ল-প'' (tschilp), বা ''ফি-লি-ল-প'' (Philip) ধৰণৰ হয়। জাকত থকা বা বাঁহ সাজি থকা চৰায়ে ইটোৱে সিটোৰ সতে যোগাযোগ কৰিবলৈ, মতা ঘৰচিৰিকাই বিশেষ স্থানত নিজৰ আধিপত্য প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ আৰু মাইকী ঘৰচিৰিকাক আকৰ্ষিত কৰিবলৈ মাতে। প্ৰজননৰ সময়ত ইয়াৰ তীব্ৰতা বৃদ্ধি পায়।<ref>{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|1963|pp=26–30}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Cramp|Perrins|1994|p=291}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|1963|p=101}}</ref> পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক ঘৰচিৰিকাই সাধাৰণতে বিভিন্ন গুটি খায়।<ref name="Anderson273–275"/> নগৰ অঞ্চলত খাদ্যৰ বাবে মানুহৰ ওপৰত ইঁহত নিৰ্ভৰশীল হৈ পৰে।<ref name=SummersFood>{{harvnb|Summers-Smith|1988|pp=159–161}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Gavett, Ann P.; Wakeley, James S.|year=1986|title=Diets of House Sparrows in Urban and Rural Habitats|journal=The Wilson Bulletin|volume=98|url=http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v098n01/p0137-p0144.pdf|access-date=2012-12-16|archivedate=2010-08-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100809185941/http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v098n01/p0137-p0144.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তদুপৰি ইহঁতে বিভিন্ন পোক-পতংগ, কেঁচু, ভেকুলী বা জেঠী আদিও খায়<ref name="Anderson273–275"/> পোৱালি চৰাইক জন্মৰ পোন্ধৰ দিনলৈকে খুউৱা হয়<ref>{{Harvnb|Vincent|2005|pp=2–3}}</ref> [[File:Passer domesticus female - foraging plants.ogg|thumb|জাৰ্মানীত মাইকী ঘৰচিৰিকা চৰি থকা অৱস্থাত]] [[File:One sparrow then another.ogv|thumb|চানফ্ৰান্সিছকোত এটা মতা ঘৰচিৰিকা চৰায়ে মাতি থকা অৱস্থাত]] ঘৰচিৰিকা একগামী, অৰ্থাৎ এহাল চৰায়ে আজীৱনযোৰ পাতি বাস কৰে।<ref>{{harvnb|Anderson|2006|pp=141–142}}</ref> ইহঁতে বিভিন্ন ঠাইত বাঁহ সাজে, যেনে-গছৰ খোৰোং, ঘৰৰ বিভিন্ন সুৰুঙা আদিত। সাধাৰণতে এবাৰত চাৰিৰ পৰা পাচোঁটাকৈ কণী পাৰে। বছৰত ইহঁতে চাৰিৰ পৰা সাতবাৰ পৰ্য্যন্ত কণী পাৰিব পাৰে। কণীবোৰ দেখাত বগা বা নীল-বগা বা সেউজ-বগা ধৰণৰ হয়- তাত মুগা বা মটিয়া দাগ থাকে। <ref name=Poole>{{cite web|author=Lowther, Peter E.; Cink, Calvin L.|year=2006|title=House Sparrow (''Passer domesticus'')|work=The Birds of North America Online|editor=Poole, A.|url=http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/012|accessdate=21 April 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517085256/http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/012|archivedate=17 May 2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name=Groschupf/>এটা কণীৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ২০-২২ মি:মি: আৰু প্ৰস্থ ১৪-১৬ মি:মি:আৰু ওজন ২.৯ গ্ৰাম হোৱা দেখা যায়।<ref name=BTO>{{cite web|url=http://blx1.bto.org/birdfacts/results/bob15910.htm|title=BTO Bird facts: House Sparrow|accessdate=24 November 2009|publisher=British Trust for Ornithology}}</ref> ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ পোৱালি সাধাৰণতে ১১-২৩ দিনলৈকে বাহত থাকে।<ref name=Mauser>{{harvnb|Glutz von Blotzheim|Bauer|1997|p=60ff}}</ref> এই সময়ত পিতৃ-মাতৃয়ে দুয়ো মিলি পোৱালিক খাদ্য খুৱায়। জন্মৰ চাৰি দিনৰ পিছত পোৱালিয়ে চকু মেলে আৰু আঠ দিনৰ পিছত প্ৰথম পাখি গজে।<ref name=Poole/><ref name=Mauser/> ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ মুখ্য ভক্ষক হৈছে মেকুৰী, মাংসভোজী চৰাই আৰু কেৰ্কেটুৱা। ==স্থিতি তথা সংৰক্ষণ== ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ বহুল বিস্তৃতি তথা জনসংখ্যাৰ বাবে ইয়াক [[আই ইউ চি এন ৰঙা তালিকা]]ত Least Concern হিচাপে অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<ref name=IUCN2012/> অৱশ্যে শেহতীয়া তথ্য অনুসৰি ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ জনসংখ্যা বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলত দ্ৰুতগতিত হ্ৰাস পাইছে।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-06-13/delhi/27852762_1_house-sparrow-birds-crows|title=Even sparrows don't want to live in cities anymore|newspaper=Times of India|date=13 June 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811025910/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-06-13/delhi/27852762_1_house-sparrow-birds-crows|archivedate=11 August 2011|access-date=16 December 2012|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Daniels, R. J. Ranjit|year=2008|title=Can we save the sparrow?|journal=Current Science|volume=95|issue=11|pages=1527–1528|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec102008/1527.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623000716/http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec102008/1527.pdf|archivedate=23 June 2017|format=PDF|access-date=16 December 2012|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=De Laet, J.; Summers-Smith, J. D.|year=2007|title=The status of the urban house sparrow ''Passer domesticus'' in north-western Europe: a review|journal=Journal of Ornithology|volume=148|issue=Supplement 2|doi=10.1007/s10336-007-0154-0|pages=275–278}}</ref> ==আলোকচিত্ৰ== <gallery> চিত্ৰ:House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)- Male in Kolkata I IMG 5904.jpg|কলকাতাত ''P. d. indicus'' উপ-প্ৰজাতিৰ অন্তৰ্গত এটা মতা ঘৰচিৰিকা চিত্ৰ:Passer domesticus -Istanbul-8b.jpg|ইষ্টানবুলত ''P. d. balearoibericus'' উপ-প্ৰজাতিৰ এটা মতা ঘৰচিৰিকা চৰাই চিত্ৰ:Cat-eating-prey.jpg|পোহনীয়া মেকুৰীয়ে মতা ঘৰচিৰিকা খাই থকা অৱস্থাত চিত্ৰ:Passer domesticus detail(loz).jpg|পোৱালিক খুৱাই থকা অৱস্থাত চিত্ৰ:House sparrow chick.jpg| ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ সদ্যোজাত পোৱালি চিত্ৰ:Passerdomesticuseggs.JPG|কণীৰে সৈতে ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ বাঁহ চিত্ৰ:House Sparrows mating I IMG 0066.jpg|কলকাতাত এহাল ঘৰচিৰিকা সহবাসৰ সময়ত চিত্ৰ:Passer domesticus -Mount Cook, New Zealand.jpg|নিউজিলেণ্ডত এটা ঘৰৰ চালত ঘৰচিৰিকা চিত্ৰ:House Sparrow nesting in saguaro cactus.JPG|এৰিজ'নাত কেকটাছত ঘৰচিৰিকাৰ বাঁহ </gallery> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist|colwidth=35em}} ==অন্যান্য উৎস== {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=Ted R.|year=2006|title=Biology of the Ubiquitous House Sparrow: from Genes to Populations|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-530411-X|ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal|last=Barrows|first=Walter B.|year=1889|title=The English Sparrow (''Passer domesticus'') in North America, Especially in its Relations to Agriculture|journal=United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Economic Ornithology and Mammalology Bulletin|issue=1|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington|url=http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022537298|ref=harv}} *{{cite book|last=Birkhead|first=Tim|year=2012|title=Bird Sense: What It's Like to Be a Bird|location=New York|publisher=Walker & Company|isbn=978-0-8027-7966-3|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|first=M.|last=Blakers |first2=S. 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Volume 2: Passeriformes: Pittas to Buntings|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-577405-1|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last=Sibley|first=Charles Gald|authorlink=Charles Gald Sibley|first2=Burt Leavelle |last2=Monroe|title=Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World|url=https://archive.org/details/distributiontaxo0000sibl|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1990|isbn=0-300-04969-2|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last =Snow|first=David|last2 = Perrins|first2=Christopher M., editors|title =[[The Birds of the Western Palearctic]]|edition=Concise|volume=2|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|location=Oxford|isbn = 0-19-854099-X|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last=Summers-Smith|first=J. Denis|title=The House Sparrow|publisher=Collins|series=New Naturalist|edition=1st.|year=1963|location=London|ref=harv|isbn=<!-- none -->}} * {{Cite book|last=Summers-Smith |first=J. Denis|title=The Sparrows |url=https://archive.org/details/sparrowsstudyofg0000summ |publisher=T. & A. D. Poyser |year=1988 |location=Calton, Staffs, England |isbn=0-85661-048-8|others=illustrated by Robert Gillmor|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last=Summers-Smith |first=J. Denis|title=In Search of Sparrows|url=https://archive.org/details/insearchofsparro0000summ |publisher=T. & A. D. Poyser |year=1992 |location=London |isbn=0-85661-073-9|others=illustrated by Euan Dunn|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Summers-Smith|first=J. Denis|year=2005|title=On Sparrows and Man: A Love-Hate Relationship|url=https://archive.org/details/onsparrowsman0000summ|location=Guisborough|isbn=0-9525383-2-6|ref=harv}} * {{Cite book|last=Swainson|first=William|authorlink=William John Swainson|title=Provincial Names and Folk Lore of British Birds|year=1885|location=London|publisher=Trübner and Co.|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2IwMAAAAYAAJ|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Todd|first=Kim|year=2012|title=Sparrow|url=https://archive.org/details/sparrow0000todd|series=Animal|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-86189-875-3|ref= harv}} * {{Cite book|first=William H.|last=Turcotte|first2=David L.|last2=Watts|title=Birds of Mississippi|year=1999|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|isbn=1-57806-110-5|ref=harv}} * {{Cite journal|last=Vincent|first=Kate E.|title=Investigating the causes of the decline of the urban House Sparrow ''Passer domesticus'' population in Britain|url=http://www.katevincent.org/thesis/HouseSparrows%20(final%20version).pdf|month=October|year=2005|accessdate=2 December 2009|ref=harv}} * {{cite book | last = Wilkinson | first =John Gardner | title = The manners and customs of the ancient Egyptians|volume= 5 | year =1847 | location = Edinburgh | publisher = John Murray |ref=harv}} {{Refend}} ==বহিঃসংযোগ== {{commons}} * [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/house-sparrow-passer-domesticus Media related to the House Sparrow] at the Internet Bird Collection * {{ARKive|house-sparrow|passer-domesticus|House Sparrow}} * [http://www.rspb.org.uk/wildlife/birdguide/name/h/housesparrow/index.aspx House Sparrow] at the [[Royal Society for the Protection of Birds]] website * [http://www.birds.kz/species.php?species=692&l=en Indian Sparrow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518224517/http://www.birds.kz/species.php?species=692&l=en |date=2014-05-18 }} and [http://www.birds.kz/species.php?species=691&l=en House Sparrow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140518224519/http://www.birds.kz/species.php?species=691&l=en |date=2014-05-18 }} at Birds of Kazakhstan * [http://www.worldsparrowday.org World Sparrow Day] * [http://www.ibercajalav.net/img/419_HouseSparrowP._domesticus.pdf Guide to House Sparrow ageing and sexing] [[শ্ৰেণী:শালিকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] g2i93k30lvxmywo8n7qc7cf0qdw4fi8 0 33950 646158 540717 2026-10-19T23:25:45Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = খন্তীয়া হাঁহ (Northern Shoveler) | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN>BirdLife International (2012). [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/160030073/0 ''Anas marecula'']. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.</ref> | image = Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata.jpg | image_width = | image_caption = মতা খন্তীয়া হাঁহ | image2 = Northern Shoveler (Female).jpg | image2_width = | image2_caption = মাইকী খন্তীয়া হাঁহ | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Anseriformes]] | subfamilia = [[Anatinae]] | familia = [[Anatidae]] | genus = ''[[Anas]]'' <small>(disputed)</small> | species = '''''A. clypeata''''' | binomial = ''Anas clypeata'' | binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | range_map = Anas clypeata dis.PNG | range_map_width = | range_map_caption = European distribution. Light green: summer only. Blue: winter only. Dark green: all-year. | synonyms = ''Spatula clypeata'' <small>(but see text)</small> }} [[File:Northern shovelers spinning in Prospect Park.webm|thumb|খন্তীয়া হাঁহ]] খন্তীয়া হাঁহ ({{Lang-en|Northern Shoveler}}, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-'''''Anas clypeata''''') এবিধ বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা হাঁহৰ প্ৰজাতি। ই প্ৰধানকৈ [[ইউৰোপ]], [[এছিয়া]] আৰু উত্তৰ [[আমেৰিকা]]ত প্ৰজনন কৰে। <ref name="Clements"/>। শীতকালত খন্তীয়া হাঁহে দক্ষিণ [[ইউৰোপ]], [[আফ্ৰিকা]], [[ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশ|ভাৰত উপমহাদেশ]] , দক্ষিণ [[এছিয়া]] তথা [[আমেৰিকা]]লৈ পৰিভ্ৰমণ কৰে। <ref name="Floyd"/><ref name="Dunn"/> == টেক্সন'মি== ১৭৫৮ চনত প্ৰকাশিত 'চিষ্টেমা নেচুৰী' নামৰ গ্ৰন্থত কেৰ'লাছ লিনিয়াছে পোনপ্ৰথমে এই প্ৰজাতিটোক বৰ্তমানৰ বৈজ্ঞানিক নামেৰে সৈতে উল্লেখ কৰিছিল।<ref name=Linnaeus/> 'Anas' গোটত ইয়াক অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে যদিও ইয়াৰ অন্যান্য হাঁহ যেনে [[আমৰ'লীয়া হাঁহ]] আদিৰ পৰা কিছূ গঠনগত পাৰ্থক্য আছে। বৰ্তমানলৈকে ইয়াৰ কোনো উপ-প্ৰজাতি চিনাক্ত কৰা হোৱা নাই। <ref name=Louchart/> == বিতৰণ তথা বাসস্থান == খন্তীয়া হাঁহে প্ৰধানকৈ মুকলি জলাশয়ত বসবাস কৰে। শীতকালত ই [[ইউৰোপ]], [[আফ্ৰিকা]], [[ভাৰত]], দক্ষিণ [[আমেৰিকা]] আদিলৈ পৰিভ্ৰমণ কৰে। <ref name="Clements" /> এই হাঁহৰ প্ৰজাতিটো প্ৰধানকৈ পৰিভ্ৰমণকাৰী আৰু ই প্ৰজননৰ সময়ত বসবাস কৰা অঞ্চল সমূহৰ পৰা দক্ষিণলৈহে পৰিভ্ৰমণ কৰে। {{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} প্ৰজনন কালৰ বাহিৰে অন্য সময়ত সৰু জাকত বাস কৰে। ১৯৬০ চনৰ পৰা ইয়াৰ জনসংখ্যা বিপদমুক্ত অৱস্থাত আছে বুলি কোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ কাৰণ সুস্থ আৰু সফল প্ৰজনন, পৰিভ্ৰমণ তথা বাসস্থানৰ সুস্থিৰতা বুলি গৱেষণাত পোৱা গৈছে। <ref name="du" /> == বিৱৰণ == [[File:Northern Shoveler (Female)- Draining out excess water after bath I IMG 1016.jpg|left|thumb|[[কলকাতা]]ত মাইকী খন্তীয়া হাঁহ]] উত্তৰ গোলাৰ্ধত খন্তীয়া হাঁহৰ বৃহৎ ঠোঁটৰ বাবে ইয়াৰ চিনাক্তকৰণ সহজ হৈ পৰে। প্ৰজননৰ সময়ত মতা খন্তীয়া হাঁহৰ মূৰ অংশ গাঢ় সেউজীয়া হয়। <ref name="du">[http://www.ducks.org/hunting/waterfowl-id/northern-shoveler Ducks Unlimited, March/April 2010]</ref>লগতে ইয়াৰ বুকু বগা আৰু পেট বাদামী ৰঙৰ হয়। <ref name="Dunn" /> প্ৰজননৰ বাহিৰে অন্য সময়ত মতা-মাইকী দুয়োবিধ খন্তীয়া হাঁহ দেখাত একে হয়। মাইকী খন্তীয়া হাঁহৰ ঠোঁট বহল আৰু তুলনামূলক ভাৱে অন্য হাঁহৰ প্ৰজাতিতকৈ ডাঙৰ। ইয়াৰ দেহৰ বৰণ মুগা<ref name="du" /><ref name="Dunn" /> খন্তীয়া হাঁহৰ দেহৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য সাধাৰণতে ১৯ ছে:মি:আৰু ডেউকাৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩০ ছে:মি। ইয়াৰ ওজন ৬০০ গ্ৰাম হয়। <ref name="Floyd" /> == আচৰণ == খন্তীয়া হাঁহে প্ৰধানকৈ উদ্ভিদৰ বিভিন্ন অংশ খাদ্য হিচাপে গ্ৰহণ কৰে। তদুপৰি ই দীঘল আৰু বিশেষভাৱে অভিযোজিত ইয়াৰ ঠোঁটটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি পানীৰ পৰা বিভিন্ন জলজ কীট-পতংগ আদিও খায়। <ref name="du" /> খন্তীয়া হাঁহে প্ৰধানকৈ পানীৰ পৰা আঁতৰত জোপোহাৰ মাজত বাহ সাজে। ইয়াৰ বাহটো মাটিতে গাত কৰি উদ্ভিদৰ বিভিন্ন অংশ আৰু পাখি আদিৰে সাজে। সাধাৰণতে ই এবাৰত ৮-৯ টাকৈ কণী পাৰে। প্ৰজননৰ সময়ত মতা খন্তীয়া হাঁহৰ মজত মাইকী হাঁহৰ বাবে প্ৰতিযোগিতাও হোৱা দেখা যায়। <ref name="du" /> খন্তীয়া হাঁহ নীৰৱ হাঁহৰ প্ৰজাতি। মতা হাঁহৰ সৰু মাত শুনা যায়। মাইকী হাঁহে 'কোৱেক' ধৰণৰ মাত উলিয়ায়। ==আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ভঁৰাল== <gallery widths="200px" heights="150px" > Image:Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) RWD1.jpg|স্কটলেণ্ডত খন্তীয়া হাঁহৰ যোৰ Image:Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) RWD2.jpg|স্কটলেণ্ডত মতা খন্তীয়া হাঁহ Image:Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) RWD3.jpg|স্কটলেণ্ডত মতা খন্তীয়া হাঁহ Image:Northern Shoveler female RWD2.jpg|স্কটলেণ্ডত মাইকী খন্তীয়া হাঁহ File:Northern Shoveller Anas clypeata.jpg|এহাল খন্তীয়া হাঁহ Image:Anas clypeata 3.jpg|উৰন্ত অৱস্থাত খন্তীয়া হাঁহ Spatula clypeata MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.18.2.jpg |Museum specimen - </gallery> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ==<!-- Forktail15:87. Micronesica32:257. --> {{reflist|refs= <ref name="Clements">Clements, James, (2007) [http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/cup_detail.taf?ti_id=4566 ''The Clements Checklist of the Birds of the World''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210713/http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/cup_detail.taf?ti_id=4566 |date=2015-09-23 }}, Cornell University Press, Ithaca</ref> <ref name="Dunn">Dunn, J. & Alderfer, J. (2006) ''National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America'' 5th Ed.</ref> <ref name="Floyd">Floyd, T (2008) ''Smithsonian Field Guide to the Birds of North America'' Harper Collins, NY</ref> <ref name=Linnaeus>{{cite book |last=Linnaeus | first=C | authorlink=Carolus Linnaeus | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata| publisher=Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii)| year=1758| quote = A. macula alarum rufa nigra alba.|pages=124}} {{la icon}}</ref> <ref name=Louchart>{{cite journal|author=Louchart, Antoine; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Guleç, Erksin; Howell, Francis Clark & White, Tim D. |year=1998|title= L'avifaune de Dursunlu, Turquie, Pléistocène inférieur: climat, environnement et biogéographie|journal=[[Les Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences]] IIA|volume=327|issue=5|pages=341–346|doi=10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80053-0}} {{fr icon}}</ref> }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{commons|Anas clypeata|Northern Shoveler}} * [http://www.rspb.org.uk/birds/guide/s/shoveler/index.asp RSPB A to Z of UK Birds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829151328/http://www.rspb.org.uk/birds/guide/s/shoveler/index.asp |date=2008-08-29 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090326064007/http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Northern_Shoveler.html Northern Shoveler Information] at Cornell Lab of Ornithology * [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i1420id.html Northern Shoveler] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071101004247/http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i1420id.html |date=2007-11-01 }} at USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter *[http://www.massaudubon.org/birdatlas/index.php?search=yes&id=50 Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927210015/http://www.massaudubon.org/birdatlas/index.php?search=yes&id=50 |date=2007-09-27 }} * [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/northern-shoveler-anas-clypeata Northern Shoveler videos, photos & sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection * [http://www.birding.in/birds/Anseriformes/Anatidae/northern_shoveler.htm Northern Shoveler] on the Birds of India [[শ্ৰেণী:হাঁহ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] 2i7ycio7r1rpb6t7agjtwxfhozarmht 0 34075 646199 540584 2026-10-20T10:17:16Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = পানীডাউক (Common Moorhen) | image = Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) in a Nelumbo nucifera (Indian Lotus) pond W IMG_8779.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = Eurasian Common Moorhen<br/>(''Gallinula chloropus chloropus'') | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN2012>{{IUCN|id=106002937 |title=''Gallinula chloropus'' |assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2012.1 |year=2012 |accessdate=16 July 2012}}</ref> | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Aves]] | subclassis = [[Neornithes]] | infraclassis = [[Neognathae]] | superordo = [[Neoaves]] | ordo = [[Gruiformes]] | familia = [[Rallidae]] | genus = ''[[Gallinula]]'' | species = '''''G. chloropus''''' | binomial = ''Gallinula chloropus'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758) | range_map = Gallinula chloropus distribution map.png | range_map_width = 240px | range_map_caption = Global range.<br/>[[Chestnut (colour)|Chestnut]]: Summer only<br/>[[Coral pink]]: Year-round<br/>[[Light pink]]: Winter only. | subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]] | subdivision = About 12, see [[#Subspecies|text]] | synonyms = ''Fulica chloropus'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> | synonyms = ''Gallinula brodkorbi'' <small>McCoy, 1963</small><br /> ''Gallinula galeata'' }} পানীডাউক ({{Lang-en|Common Moorhen}}, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-''Gallinula chloropus'') 'Rallidae' গোটৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আৰু বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত এবিধ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি। ইয়াক সাধাৰণতে জলজ উদ্ভিদেৰে পৰিপূৰ্ণ পুখুৰী আৰু অন্যান্য জলাশয়ত চৰি থকা দেখা যায়। ==বিৱৰণ== [[File:Moorhen feet.jpg|thumb|left|পানীডাউকৰ ঠেঙ]] পানীডাউকৰ দেহটো গাঢ় ৰঙৰ, ঠেং হালধীয়া আৰু মুখত ৰঙা দাগ থাকে। পোৱালিবোৰ সাধাৰণতে মটিয়া ৰঙৰ হয়।<ref name=Snow/> এটা পূণবয়স্ক পানীডাউকৰ দেহৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৫০-৬২ ছে: মি: আৰু ওজন ১৯২-৫০০ গ্ৰাম পৰ্যন্ত হ'ব পাৰে।<ref>[http://www.arkive.org/common-moorhen/gallinula-chloropus/#text=Facts Common moorhen videos, photos and facts – Gallinula chloropus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013055422/http://www.arkive.org/common-moorhen/gallinula-chloropus/#text=Facts |date=2012-10-13 }}. ARKive. Retrieved on 2013-02-25.</ref><ref>[http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Common_Moorhen/lifehistory Common Gallinule, Life History, All About Birds – Cornell Lab of Ornithology]. Allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved on 2013-02-25.</ref> ==বিতৰণ == পানীডাউক সাধাৰণতে [[কানাডা]], [[আমেৰিকা]], [[ইউৰোপ]]আৰু [[এছিয়া]] ত দেখা পোৱা যায়। ==বাসস্থান== [[File:Gallinula chloropus Fangu, Corse (France) Video.webm|thumb|ফ্ৰান্সৰ কোৰ্ছত এটা পানীডাউক]] পানীডাউকে জলজ উদ্ভিদেৰে পৰিপূৰ্ণ জলাশয় আদিত চৰিবলৈ পছন্দ কৰে। ==টেক্স'নমি== পানীডাউকৰ কেইবাবিধো উপ-প্ৰজাতি দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰধান উপ-প্ৰজাতিসমূহ হ'ল- *''Eurasian Common Moorhen'', ''G. c. chloropus'' (Linnaeus, 1758)-[[ইউৰোপ]], উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]] আৰু [[ছাইবেৰিয়া]] তথা [[ভাৰত]] ত বিস্তৃত হৈ আছে। *''Southern American Common Moorhen''-''G. c. galeata'' (Martin Lichtenstein, 1818)-[[ব্ৰাজিল]], [[আৰ্জেণ্টিনা]] আৰু [[উৰুগুৱে]]ত পোৱা যায়। *''Indo-Pacific Common Moorhen'''''G. c. orientalis'' (Thomas Horsfield, 1821)-[[আন্দামান]] দ্বীপপূঞ্জ, [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া]], [[ফিলিপাইনছ]] আদি। *''African Common Moorhen'''''G. c. meridionalis'' (Christian Ludwig Brehm, 1831)-[[আফ্ৰিক]] *''Madagascan Common Moorhen'''''G. c. pyrrhorrhoa'' (Alfred Newton, 1861)-[[মাদাগাস্কাৰ]] *'''Andean Common Moorhen'''''G. c. garmani'' (Joel Asaph Allen, 1876)-[[আৰ্জেণ্টিনা]] *''Hawaiian Moorhen'''''G. c. sandvicensis'' Thomas Hale Streets1877) *''Antillean Common Moorhen''''G. c. cerceris'' Outram Bangs, 1910) *''North American Common Moorhen'''''G. c. cachinnans''(Bangs, 1915)-[[কানাডা]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা]] *''Subandean Common Moorhen'''''G. c. pauxilla'' (Bangs, 1915)-[[পেৰু]] *''Mariana Common Moorhen'''''G. c. guami'' (Ernst Hartert, 1917) *''Barbados Moorhen'''''G. c. barbadensis'' James Bond (ornithologist), 1954)-[[বাৰ্বাড'জ]] ==আচৰণ== ===খাদ্য=== পানী ডাউকে বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ খাদ্য আহাৰ হিচাপে গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ই প্ৰধানকৈ উদ্ভিদৰ বিভিন্ন অংশ আৰু জলজ প্ৰাণীসমূহ খায়। ==প্ৰজনন== পানী ডাউকৰ বাহটো ঘন অৰণ্যত মাটিত সাজে। মাৰ্চৰ পৰা মেৰ ভিতৰত ই কণী পাৰিবলৈ লয়। এবাৰত ৮টা মানকৈ কণী পাৰে। মতা-মাইকী উভয়ে পোৱালিৰ যত্ন লয়।<ref name=Mann>{{cite journal |last=Mann |first=Clive F. |year=1991 |title=Sunda Frogmouth ''Batrachostomus cornutus'' carrying its young |journal=[[Forktail (journal)|Forktail]] |volume=6 |pages=77–78 |url=http://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Mann-Frogmouth.pdf |access-date=2015-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203825/http://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Mann-Frogmouth.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Snow>{{cite book |last1=Snow |first1=David W. |last2=Perrins |first2=Christopher M. |last3=Doherty |first3=Paul |last4=Cramp |first4=Stanley |year=1998 |title=The Complete Birds of the Western Palaearctic on CD-ROM |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-268579-1}}</ref> ==আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ভঁৰাল== <gallery> Image:Waterhoennest.JPG|[[বেলজিয়াম]]ত পানীডাউকৰ কণী Image:Teichhuhn 0507241b.jpg|১-২ সপ্তাহ বয়সৰ পোৱালি Image:Common Moorhen (Immatures) I IMG 8880.jpg|[[কেৰালা]]ত পানীডাউকৰ এমহীয়া পোৱালি Image:Gallinula chloropus young.jpg|৩-৪ মহীয়া পানীডাউক </gallery> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist|35em}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category|Gallinula chloropus}} * (Common) Moorhen – [http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/226.pdf Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds] * [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/common-moorhen-gallinula-chloropus Common Moorhen videos, photos & sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090307103546/http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Common_Moorhen.html Cornell Lab of Ornithology – Common Moorhen] * [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2190id.html USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter – Common Moorhen Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225085558/http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i2190id.html |date=2015-02-25 }} * [http://www.madeirabirds.com/moorhen Madeira Birds – Moorhen breeding in Madeira Island] * [http://www.ibercajalav.net/img/152_MoorhenGchloropus.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF; 5.7 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze] [[শ্ৰেণী:ডাউক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱবিজ্ঞান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] 473he7cwog52p4e0ersfops68goypvs 0 34191 646193 611738 2026-10-20T07:59:22Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = দৈকলা (Great Cormorant) | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =<ref>{{IUCN|id=106003679 |title=''Phalacrocorax carbo'' | assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2012.1 |year=2012 |accessdate=16 July 2012}}</ref> | image = Phalacrocorax carbo Vic.jpg | image_caption = [[অষ্ট্ৰলিয়া]]ত এটা দৈকলা চৰাই | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Suliformes]] | familia = [[Phalacrocoracidae]] | genus = ''[[Phalacrocorax]]'' | species = '''''P. carbo''''' | binomial = ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) }} [[Image:Great Cormorant I IMG 8519.jpg|right|thumb|[[ৰাজস্থান]]ত প্ৰজনন নোহোৱা কালত এটা দৈকলা]] '''দৈকলা'''<ref> N.N. Dutta et al, Annals of Biological Research, 2011, 2 (5):374-384</ref>({{Lang-en|Great Cormorant}}, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-''Phalacrocorax carbo''), এবিধ সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বতে বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা জলচৰ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি। ই ''cormorant'' পৰিয়ালৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। <ref>{{cite book|author=Ali, S.|year=1993|title=The Book of Indian Birds|publisher=Bombay Natural History Society|location=Bombay|isbn=0-19-563731-3}}</ref> ==বিৱৰণ== [[File:Great cormorant in flight.jpg|thumb|left|উৰন্ত অৱস্থাত দৈকলা]] [[Image:Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) near Hodal W IMG 6448.jpg|thumb|left|[[হাৰিয়ানা]]ত প্ৰজনন কালত দৈকলা]] দৈকলা এবিধ ডাঙৰ আকাৰৰ আৰু ক'লা বৰণৰ জলচৰ চৰাই। অৱশ্যে ই বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা অঞ্চলভেদে ইয়াৰ আকাৰ আৰু দেহৰ ৰঙৰ তাৰতম্য দেখা পোৱা যায়। ইয়াৰ ওজন সাধাৰণতে ১.৫ কি:গ্ৰা: হয়।<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.0908-8857.2005.03499.x|title=Water retention in the plumage of diving great cormorantsPhalacrocorax carbo sinensis|year=2005|last1=Ribak|first1=Gal|last2=Weihs|first2=Daniel|last3=Arad|first3=Zeev|journal=Journal of Avian Biology|volume=36|issue=2|pages=89}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001923 Cormorant] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124150925/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001923 |date=2011-11-24 }}. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.</ref><ref>[http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Great_Cormorant.html Great Cormorant, Identification, All About Birds – Cornell Lab of Ornithology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912090718/http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Great_Cormorant.html |date=2006-09-12 }}. Birds.cornell.edu. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.</ref>দৈকলাৰ দেহৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৭০-১০২ ছে:মি: পৰ্যন্ত হ'ব পাৰে।<ref>''Field Guide to the Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi'' by Stevenson & Fanshawe. Elsevier Science (2001), ISBN 978-0856610790</ref><ref>[http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Great_Cormorant/lifehistory Great Cormorant, Life History, All About Birds – Cornell Lab of Ornithology]. Allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-21.</ref> ইয়াৰ নেজ দীঘল, ডিঙিত হালধীয়া দাগ আছে। পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক দৈকলাৰ প্ৰজনন কালত উৰু অংশত বগা দাগ দেখা যায়। ==টেক্স'নমি== [[File:Phalacrocorax Carbo Albino 2.jpg|thumb|[[গ্ৰীচ]]ত এটা এলবিন' দৈকলা চৰাই<ref name="MCH">{{cite web|url=http://www.mchportal.com/photography-galleries/macro-and-nature-mainmenu-52/birds-mainmenu-54/869-phalacrocorax-carbo-cormorant-albino.html|title=''Phalacrocorax carbo'' Albino (Great Cormorant, Great Black Cormorant)|date=June 14, 2011|publisher=MCH Portal: The Art and Science of Fishkeeping|accessdate=June 27, 2011|archivedate=March 3, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222229/http://www.mchportal.com/photography-galleries/macro-and-nature-mainmenu-52/birds-mainmenu-54/869-phalacrocorax-carbo-cormorant-albino.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref>]] দৈকলাৰ কেইবাবিধো উপ-প্ৰজাতি দেখা পোৱা যায়। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰধান হৈছে- *''P. c. carbo''- [[আটলাণ্টিক]] মহাসাগৰীয়া দ্বীপসমূ্হত *''P. carbo novaehollandiae''<ref name="FGBNZ">Barrie Heather and Hugh Robertson, ''"The Field guide to the Birds of New Zealand"(revised edition)'', Viking, 2005</ref>-[[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]] *''P. c. lucidus''-[[আফ্ৰিকা]] *''P. c. sinensis''-[[এছিয়া]] *'P. c. maroccanus'' -উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম [[আফ্ৰিকা]] *'P. c. hannedae'' -[[জাপান]] ==বিতৰণ== দৈকলা সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বতে বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা এবিধ চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি। ইয়াক দক্ষিণ [[আমেৰিকা]] তথা [[এণ্টাৰ্কটিকা]]ৰ বাহিৰে প্ৰায় সকলো মহাদেশতে দেখা পোৱা যায়। ==বাসস্থান== [https://devlibrary.in/great-cormorant-bird-assamese দৈকলা চৰাই] বোৰ অত্যন্ত অভিযোজনযোগ্য আৰু বিভিন্ন জলজ বাসস্থানত পোৱা যায়। এইবোৰ সাধাৰণতে উপকূলীয় অঞ্চল, হ্ৰদ, নদী আৰু আনকি জলাশয় আৰু পুখুৰী আদিতো পোৱা যায়। এই চৰাইবোৰ দীঘলীয়া দূৰত্ব। উৰিব পৰা ক্ষমতাৰ বাবে জনাজাত, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁলোকে খাদ্য আৰু উপযুক্ত প্ৰজনন স্থানৰ সন্ধানত ঋতুঅনুসৰি প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হয়। ==আচৰণ== ===খাদ্য=== দৈকলাই পানীৰ যথেষ্ট গভীৰলৈকে যাব পাৰে যদিও প্ৰায়ে ই অগভীৰ পানীত চিকাৰ ধৰি খায়। ই বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ সৰু-বৰ মাছ খাই জীয়াই থাকে। ===প্ৰজনন=== দৈকলাই সাধাৰণতে জলাশয়ৰ আশে পাশে শিলাময় পাহাৰত বা গছত বাহ সাজে। বাহ সাজিবলৈ ই গছৰ ডাল-পাত আদি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা দেখা যায়। ই এবাৰত ৩-৪ টাকৈ কণী পাৰে। ==মানুহৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক== দৈকলাক [[চীন]], [[জাপান]]কে ধৰি বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন ঠাইত সমূহীয়াকৈ মাছ ধৰা কামত মাছমৰীয়া সকলে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি আহিছে। এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত মাছমৰীয়া জনে দৈকলাৰ ডিঙিত মাছ গিলিব নোৱাৰাকৈ এডাল ৰছী বান্ধি দিয়ে আৰু মাছ ধৰা সৰু নাওৰ লগত আগবাঢ়ি যাবলৈ দিয়ে। দৈকলাই মাছ ধৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হয় কিন্তু ৰছীডালৰ বাবে সম্পূৰ্ণকৈ গিলি পেলাব নোৱাৰে। গতিকে এই পৰ্বৰ শেষত মাছমৰীয়াই দৈকলা চৰাইৰ মুখৰ পৰা মাছবোৰ সংগ্ৰহ কৰি লয়। ==স্থিতি তথা সংৰক্ষণ== [[File:Cormorant fishing -Suzhou -China-6July2005.jpg|right|thumb|[[চীন]]ত দৈকলাৰ সহায়ত মাছ ধৰা অৱস্থাত]] বহুতো মাছমৰীয়াই দৈকলাক মাছৰ বাবে নিজৰ প্ৰতিযোগী বুলি গণ্য কৰে আৰু এইবাবেই অতীজত দৈকলাৰ বিস্তৰ পৰিমাণে চিকাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে পৰৱৰ্ত্তী কালত ইয়াৰ সংৰক্ষণৰ বাবে বিভিন্ন পদক্ষেপ লোৱাত ইয়াৰ জনসংখ্যা বিলুপ্তিৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা পৰে।<ref>Wetland International Cormorant Researg Group: [http://web.tiscali.it/sv2001/Cormorant_Counts_2003-2006_Summary.pdf Cormorants in the western Palearctic, Distribution and numbers on a wider European scale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607140951/http://web.tiscali.it/sv2001/Cormorant_Counts_2003-2006_Summary.pdf |date=2011-06-07 }}</ref> কিন্তু ইয়াৰ ক্ৰমাৎ বৃদ্ধি পোৱা জনসংখ্যাই পুনৰ মাছমৰীয়াসকলৰ ওপৰত বিৰূপ প্ৰভাৱ পেলাবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছে। <ref>FAO publication: [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/i0210e/i0210e00.pdf Workshop on a European Cormorant management Plan, 20–21 November 2007]; EIFAC, European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission</ref><ref>European Parliament resolution of 4 December 2008: [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P6-TA-2008-0583&language=EN&ring=A6-2008-0434 "on the adoption of a European Cormorant Management Plan to minimise the increasing impact of cormorants on fish stocks, fishing and aquaculture"]</ref> ==আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ভঁৰাল== <gallery> File:Phalacrocorax carbo Austins Ferry 2.jpg|[[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]]ত দৈকলা Image:Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) near Hodal W IMG_6516.jpg|[[ভাৰত]]ত প্ৰজননৰ সময়ত দৈকলা Image:Great Cormorant flight Bowra Mar08.JPG| [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]]ত দৈকলা Image:Lithuania Juodkrante Great Cormorant colony 1.jpg|দৈকলাৰ ক'লনী Image:Great Cormorant (Immature) I3 IMG 7240.jpg|[[ভাৰত]]ত পোৱালি দৈকলা Image:Great Cormorant Mai Po.jpg|[[হংকং]]-ত দৈকলা File:Phalacrocorax_carbo_Austins_Ferry_1.jpg|[[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]]ত দৈকলা File:Cormorant-mawddach-01.jpg|উৰন্ত অৱস্থাত দৈকলা File:Phalacrocorax Carbo - Albert Canal in Geel (B) - August 2009.jpg|[[বেলজিয়াম]]ত দৈকলা Image:Great Cormorant Erhai Lake.JPG|[[চীন]]ত দৈকলা Image:Great_Cormarant_AE.JPG |দৈকলা Image: Phalacrocorax carbo ja01.jpg| ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' File:Great Cormorants Nesting Feb09.jpg|[[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]]ত বাহ সাজি থকা অৱস্থাত দৈকলা Image:Great Cormorants with Darter, other Cormorants & Great Egret I2 IMG 9369.jpg|Great Cormorants resting with [[Darter]] (Ahinga), other cormorants & [[Great Egret]] Phalacrocorax carbo MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.46.1.jpg |Museum specimen </gallery> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ==<!-- AnimalBehavior51:273,1197. BiologyLetters1:469. Forktail16:147. RevistaBrasileiraDeZoologia23:807. Sylvia41:137. --> {{reflist}} ==লগতে চাওক== *Sibley, C. G., & Monroe, B. L. (1990). ''Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world''. New Haven CT: Yale University Press. *Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey and Warwick Tarboton, ''SASOL Birds of Southern Africa'' (Struik 2002) ISBN 1-86872-721-1 ;Separation of ''carbo'' and ''sinensis'' * Newson, Stuart, Graham Ekins, Baz Hughes, Ian Russell and Robin Sellers (2005) Separation of North Atlantic and Continental Cormorants ''[[Birding World]]'' 18(3):107–111 * [[Millington, Richard]] (2005) Identification of North Atlantic and Continental Cormorants ''[[Birding World]]'' 18(3):112–123 ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{commons|Phalacrocorax carbo}} {{wikispecies|Phalacrocorax carbo}} *[http://www.ibercajalav.net/img/29_CormorantPcarbo.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze] * http://www.mchportal.com/photography-galleries/macro-and-nature-mainmenu-52/birds-mainmenu-54/869-phalacrocorax-carbo-cormorant-albino.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222229/http://www.mchportal.com/photography-galleries/macro-and-nature-mainmenu-52/birds-mainmenu-54/869-phalacrocorax-carbo-cormorant-albino.html |date=2016-03-03 }} * [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/great-cormorant-phalacrocorax-carbo Great Cormorant videos, photos & sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection [[শ্ৰেণী:পানী কাউৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] 6c0rwkjceizhcpiuoh31793mhqfzgaz 0 34212 646164 631810 2026-10-20T00:19:55Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name = গো-বগ (Cattle Egret) | status = LC | status_system = iucn3.1 | status_ref =<ref name =IUCN>{{IUCN2008|assessors=[[BirdLife International]]|year=2008|id=144683|title=Bubulcus ibis|downloaded=5 November 2008}} Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern</ref> | image = Cattle Egret.jpg | image_caption = প্ৰজনন কালত পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক গো-বগ | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Ciconiiformes]] | familia = [[heron|Ardeidae]] | genus = '''''Bubulcus''''' | genus_authority = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1855 | species = '''''B. ibis''''' | binomial = ''Bubulcus ibis'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | subdivision_ranks = [[Subspecies]] | subdivision = ''B. i. ibis'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small><br/> ''B. i. coromandus'' <small>(Boddaert, 1783)</small><br/> ''B. i. seychellarum'' <small>(Salomonsen, 1934)</small><br/><!-- under Ardeola ibis by Salomonsen, See Peters list http://www.archive.org/stream/checklistofbirds12pete#page/210/mode/2up --> | synonyms = ''Ardea ibis'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small><br/> ''Ardeola ibis'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small><br/><!-- Did Salomonsen establish his taxon as Ardeola ibis seychellarum, or as Ardeola seychellarum? --> ''Bubulcus bubulcus''<br /> ''Buphus coromandus'' <small>(Boddaert, 1783)</small><br/><!-- What was Boddaert's original genus? Probably Ardea too? --> ''Cancroma coromanda'' <small>(Boddaert, 1783)</small><br/> ''Egretta ibis'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small><br /> ''Lepterodatis ibis'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> | range_map = Ardea ibis map.svg | range_map_width = 250px | range_map_caption = গোলকীয় বিতৰণৰ মানচিত্ৰ<br/>হালধীয়া:প্ৰজননৰ সময়ত বিস্তৃতি<br/>সেউজীয়া: সমগ্ৰ বছৰ জুৰি বিস্তৃত<br/>নীলা:প্ৰজনন নোহোৱা কালত বিস্তৃতি }} '''গো-বগ'''<ref>N.N. Dutta et al, Annals of Biological Research, 2011, 2 (5):374-384</ref> বা '''গৰু বগলী''' ({{Lang-en|Cattle Egret}}, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-''Bubulcus ibis'') এটা বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা বগলীৰ প্ৰজাতি। ই ''Ardeidae'' পৰিয়াল তথা ''Bubulcus'' গোত্ৰৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। পূৰ্বতে ই কেৱল [[এছিয়া]], [[আফ্ৰিকা]] তথা [[ইউৰোপ]]ত বিস্তৃত হৈ আছিল যদিও শেহতীয়াকৈ ইয়াৰ জনসংখ্যাই পৃথিৱীৰ অন্য অঞ্চলসমূহলৈ দ্ৰুত বিস্তৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। ==টেক্স'নমি== [[File:Red-flush Cattle Egret.jpg|thumb|left|প্ৰজনন কালত পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক ''B. i. coromandus'' ৰ ৰঙচুৱা ঠেং আৰু ঠৌঁট]] [[File:Cattle Egret Retracted Neck.jpg|upright|thumb|left|প্ৰজনন কালত পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক ''B. i. ibis'' ]] গো-বগ পোন-প্ৰথমে ১৭৫৮ চন কেৰ'লাছ লিনিয়াছে তেওঁৰ 'চিষ্টেমা নেচুৰী' নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখনত ''Ardea ibis'' নামেৰে উল্লেখ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{la icon}} {{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=C. | authorlink=Carolus Linnaeus | title=Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. | publisher=Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). | year=1758| quote = A. capite laevi, corpore albo, rostro flavescente apice pedibusque nigris|page=144}}</ref>। পৰৱৰ্ত্তী সময়ত অৰ্থাৎ ১৮৫৫ চনত চাৰ্লছ লুচিয়েন বোনাপাৰ্ট (Charles Lucien Bonaparte) এ ইয়াক বৰ্তমানৰ গোত্ৰত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰে।<ref name=Bonaparte >{{fr icon}} {{cite journal|last=Bonaparte |first= Charles Lucien |authorlink=Charles Lucien Bonaparte|year= 1855 |title = [untitled] |journal= Annales Des Sciences Naturelles comprenant la zoologie |volume=4 |issue=1 |page=141 }}</ref> গো-বগক ভৌগোলিক ভাৱে দুটা উপ-প্ৰজাতিত বিভক্ত কৰিছিল মেক এলেন আৰু ব্ৰুচ (McAllan and Bruce)-এ।<ref>{{cite book|last=McAllan|first=I. A. W.|coauthors=Bruce, M. D.|year=1988|title=The birds of New South Wales, a working list|isbn=0-9587516-0-9|publisher=Biocon Research Group in association with the New South Wales Bird Atlassers|location=Turramurra, N.S.W.}}</ref> - * পশ্চিমৰ গো-বগ (''B. ibis'') *পূবৰ গো-বগ (''B. coromandus'')- [[এছিয়া]], [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা]]ত প্ৰজনন কৰে। <ref name=Krebs >{{cite journal|last= Krebs |first= Elizabeth A.|coauthors= Riven-Ramsey, Deborah; Hunte, W.|year=1994 |title= The Colonization of Barbados by Cattle Egrets (''Bubulcus ibis'') 1956–1990 |journal= Colonial Waterbirds |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=86–90| doi=10.2307/1521386|publisher= Waterbird Society|jstor= 1521386 }}</ref> ==বিৱৰণ== [[File:Cattle Egret2.jpg|upright|thumb|left|[[নতুন দিল্লী]]ত গো-বগ]] গো-বগৰ দেহটো শকত, দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ৪৬-৫৬ ছে:মি: আৰু ওজন প্ৰায় ২৭০-৫১২ গ্ৰাম। ইয়াৰ ডিঙি তুলনামূলকভাৱে চুটি আৰু শকত। প্ৰজনন নোহোৱা কালত পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক গো-বগৰ ঠোঁট হালধীয়া আৰু ঠেং সেউজ-হালধীয়া বৰণৰ হয়। প্ৰজনন কালত পশ্চিমৰ গো-বগৰ ঠোঁট, বুকু, আৰু ঠেং কমলা বৰণীয়া হৈ উঠে। যোৰ পতাৰ আগে আগে এই অংশবোৰ উজ্জ্বল ৰঙা হৈ উঠাও দেখা যায়। <ref>{{cite journal|last=Krebs|first=E. A.|coauthors=Hunte, W.; Green, D. J. |year=2004|doi=10.1163/156853904323066757|title=Plume variation, breeding performance and extra-pair copulations in the cattle egret|journal=Behaviour|volume=141|issue=4|pages=479–499}}</ref> গো-বগৰ মতা আৰু মাইকী উভয়ে দেখাত একে ধৰণৰ, কিন্তু মতা গো-বগৰ আকাৰ মাইকীজনীতকৈ ডাঙৰ। পোৱালি গো-বগৰ ঠোঁট সাধাৰণতে ক'লা হোৱা দেখা যায়। গো-বগ সাধাৰণতে নীৰৱে থাকে যদিও প্ৰজনন কালত ই ''ৰিক-ৰেক'' ধৰণে মতা শুনা যায়।<ref name=BNA/> ==বিতৰণ== [[File:Cattle Egret I2m IMG 5478.jpg|thumb|[[কলকাতা]]ত ঘাঁহনি অঞ্চলত গো-বগৰ জাক]] চৰাইৰ সকলো প্ৰজাতিৰ ভিতৰত গো-বগৰ আটাইতকৈ অধিক আৰু দ্ৰুত গতিত নতুন নতুন অঞ্চললৈ প্ৰাকৃতিকভাৱে বিস্তৃতি ঘটিছে। <ref name = "BNA">Telfair II, Raymond C. (2006). "Cattle Egret" (''Bubulcus ibis''), ''The Birds of North America Online'' (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Retrieved from [http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/113 The Birds of North America Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517084700/http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/113 |date=2008-05-17 }} [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[http://dx.doi.org/10.2173/bna.113 10.2173/bna.113]</ref> পূৰ্বতে ই কেৱল দক্ষিণ [[স্পেইন]], [[পৰ্টুগাল]], বিষুৱীয় [[আফ্ৰিকা]] আৰু [[এছিয়া]]ত বিস্তৃত আছিল। কিন্তু উনৈশ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালে ইয়াৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক ভাৱে বিস্তৃতি ঘটিবলৈ লয় আৰু ই আফ্ৰিকা, আমেৰিকা, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া আদি দেশলৈ বিয়পি পৰে। <ref name = "HBW">{{cite book| last1=Martínez-Vilalta| first1=A| last2=Motis| first2=A| chapter=Family Ardeidae (Herons)| editor1-last=del Hoyo| editor1-first=J| editor2-last=Elliot| editor2-first=A| editor3-last=Sargatal| editor3-first=J| year=1992| title=[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]. Volume 1: Ostrich to Ducks| publisher=Lynx Edicions| isbn=84-87334-09-1| pages=401–402}}</ref> ==বাসস্থান== গো-বগ সাধাৰণতে যিকোনো জলাশয়ৰ আশে পাশে চৰে যদিও ই শুকান খেতি-পথাৰ বা ঘাঁহনি অঞ্চলতো খাদ্যৰ সন্ধান কৰা দেখা পোৱা যায়। গতিকে অন্যান্য জলচৰ চৰাইবোৰৰ দৰে ই কেৱল পানীপূৰ্ণ অঞ্চলতে সীমাবদ্ধ হৈ নাথাকে। <ref name="Collins">{{cite book|last=Mullarney|first=Killian|authorlink=Killian Mullarney|coauthors=[[Lars Svensson (ornithologist)|Svensson, Lars]]; [[Zetterström, Dan]]; [[Grant, Peter J.]]|year=2001|title=Birds of Europe|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=0-691-05054-6}}</ref> ==আচৰণ== ===খাদ্য=== গো-বগে সাধাৰণতে বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ খাদ্য খাই জীয়াই থাকে। এইবোৰৰ ভিতৰত পোক-পতংগ যেনে-ফৰিং, মাখি আদি,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Seedikkoya K, PA Azeez, EA Abdul Shukkur|journal=Zoos' Print Journal|volume=22|issue=10|title=Cattle egret as a biocontrol agent|pages=2864–2866|url=http://www.zoosprint.org/ZooPrintJournal/2007/October/2864-2866.pdf|format=PDF|access-date=2013-05-22|archivedate=2011-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929014429/http://www.zoosprint.org/ZooPrintJournal/2007/October/2864-2866.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref>),পখিলা, মকৰা, ভেকুলী, কেঁচু,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Siegfried|first=W. R.|year=1971|title=The Food of the Cattle Egret|journal=Journal of Applied Ecology|volume=8|issue=2|pages=447–468|doi=10.2307/2402882|publisher=British Ecological Society|jstor=2402882}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Michael J.|last= Fogarty|coauthors=Hetrick, Willa Mae |year=1973|title=Summer Foods of Cattle Egrets in North Central Florida|journal=The Auk|url=http://sora.unm.edu/node/22357|volume=90|issue=2|pages=268–280|jstor=4084294}}</ref> আদি ইয়াৰ প্ৰধান খাদ্য। তদুপৰি কিছুমান দ্বীপত বাস কৰা গো-বগে সাগৰীয় চৰাইৰ কণী আৰু পোৱালিও খোৱাৰ তথ্য পোৱা যায়। <ref name = "Lever"/> প্ৰব্ৰজনৰ সময়ত ভাগৰি পৰা পৰিভ্ৰমণকাৰী চৰাই চিকাৰ কৰিও ই খাব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cunningham|first=R. L.|year=1965|url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v082n03/p0502-p0503.pdf|format=PDF|title=Predation on birds by the Cattle Egret|journal=The Auk|volume=82|pages=502–503|doi=10.2307/4083130|issue=3|access-date=2013-05-22|archivedate=2014-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320042401/http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v082n03/p0502-p0503.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ===প্ৰজনন=== <div style="float:left;clear:left;"> [[File:Héron garde-bœufs MHNT.jpg|thumb|upright|left|গো-বগৰ কণী]] [[File:Bubulcus ibis - Lagoa do Mucuripe, Campo Maior, Piauí - 3U3A0763.jpg|upright|left|thumb|পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক গো-বগে পোৱালিক খুৱাই থকা অৱস্থাত]] </div> [[File:Starr 030628-0097 Neonotonia wightii.jpg|thumb|পোৱালি গো-বগৰ ক'লা ঠোঁট]] গো-বগে সাধাৰণতে বৃহৎ গোটত ক'লনী সৃষ্টি কৰি একেলগে বাহ সাজে। এনে ক'লনী সমূহ সাধাৰণতে জলাশয়ৰ পাৰৰ বনাঞ্চলত দেখা পোৱা যায়। দক্ষিণ [[এছিয়া]]ৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলত ইয়াৰ প্ৰজনন কাল বেলেগ বেলেগ সময়ত হোৱা দেখঅ যায়। <ref name=Rasmussen /> উত্তৰ [[ভাৰত]]ত মে মাহত মৌচুমীৰ আগমণৰ লগে লগে বাহ সজা আৰম্ভ হয়। <ref>{{cite journal|last=Hilaluddin|coauthors=Kaul, Rahul; Hussain, Mohd Shah; Imam, Ekwal; Shah, Junid N.; Abbasi, Faiza; Shawland, Tahir A.|year=2005|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/apr252005/1239.pdf|format=PDF|title=Status and distribution of breeding cattle egret and little egret in Amroha using density method|journal=Current Science|volume=88|issue=25|pages=1239–1243}}</ref> [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]]ত নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা জানুৱাৰী পৰ্যন্ত ই প্ৰজনন কৰিব পাৰে। <ref name=Ber93/><ref name="BNA"/> প্ৰজনন কালত মতা গো-বগে গছত মাইকী জনীক আকৰ্ষিত কৰিবলৈ বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ প্ৰদৰ্শন যেনে গছৰ ডালি কঁপাই আৰু আকাশলৈ টোঁৱাই ঠৌঁট নচুৱায়। <ref name=Hanzab>{{cite book|author=Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.J |year=1990|title=[[Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds]], Volume 1 (Ratites to Ducks)|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-553068-3}}</ref> এনে প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ চাৰি বা পাঁচদিনৰ ভিতৰত ইযোৰ পাতে। প্ৰতিটো ঋতুতে ই লগৰীয়া সলায়। <ref name=kushlan>{{cite book|author=Kushlan, James A.; Hancock, James |year=2005|title=Herons|url=https://archive.org/details/heronsardeidaebi00unse |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-854981-4}}</ref> গো-বগৰ বাহটো গছ বা জোপোহাত ডাল-পাতেৰে সাজে। মতা-মাইকী উভয়ে বাহ সজাত অংশ লয়। <ref name=NMcKilligan/> এবাৰত এটাৰ পৰা পাঁচটা পৰ্যন্ত কণী পাৰে। কণীৰ বৰণ শেঁতা নীলা-বগা বৰণৰ হয়। <ref name=Ber93>{{cite book | last = Beruldsen | first = G. | title = Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs | publisher = self | year = 2003 | location = Kenmore Hills, Qld | page = 182 | isbn = 0-646-42798-9}}</ref> ২৩ দিন পৰ্যন্ত মতা-মাইকী দুয়ো মিলি উমনি দিয়ে।<ref name="BNA"/> ==মানুহৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক== [[File:Bubulcus ibis Victoria 2.jpg|thumb|উপ-প্ৰজাতি ''B. i. seychellarum'' ৰ গো-বগে সমূহে মাছৰ বজাৰত এৰেহাৰ বাবে অপেক্ষাৰত অৱস্থাত]] গো-বগ সততে চকুত পৰা বাবে মানুহৰ বাবে ই পৰিচিত চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি। ইয়াক প্ৰধানকৈ গৰুৰ পিঠিত উঠি থাকি ইয়াৰ দেহৰ পৰা পৰজীৱী আঁতৰ কৰাৰ বাবে জনা যায়। এই কাৰণতে ইয়াৰ নামো গো-বগ ৰূপে জনাজাত হৈ পৰিল। মানুহৰ সৈতে বসবাস কৰিবলৈ নিজকে অভিযোজিত কৰাৰ বাবে ইয়াৰ বিস্তৃতি অধিক দ্ৰুত হৈছে। ==স্থিতি== গো-বগ বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত আৰু বিশ্ব জুৰি ইয়াৰ জনসংখ্যা প্ৰায় ৩.৮-৬.৭ মিলিয়ন বুলি ধাৰণা কৰা হৈছে। এনেবোৰ কাৰণতে আই. ইউ চি এনে ইয়াক সংকটৰ পৰা মুক্ত বুলি স্বীকৃতি দিছে। <ref name =IUCN/><ref name = GISS>{{cite web|title= ''Bubulcus ibis'' (bird)|work= Global Invasive Species Database|url= http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=970&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN|accessdate= 2008-02-06|archivedate= 2016-03-04|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070213/http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=970&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN|deadurl= yes}}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ ==<!-- BulletinOfTheBritishOrnithologistsClub101:339. FieldianaZoology51:91. Micronesica39:11. RevistaBrasileiraDeOrnitologia14:453. --> {{reflist|35em}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{Spoken Wikipedia|Cattle_Egret.ogg|2009-04-19}} {{wikispecies|Bubulcus ibis}} {{Commons category|Bubulcus ibis}} * [http://www.ibercajalav.net/img/39_CattleEgretBibis.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze] * Cattle Egret – [http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/071.pdf Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds] [[শ্ৰেণী:বক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱবিজ্ঞান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] d5zkd95hjgbg4v4tnqoitu8c1x4qrxf 0 34295 646167 631138 2026-10-20T01:20:24Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | name =চাতক বা টেলটুপী (Barn Swallow) | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref =<ref name=IUCN2012>{{IUCN|id=106007116 |title=''Hirundo rustica'' | assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2012.1 |year=2012 |accessdate=16 July 2012}}</ref> | image = Деревенская ласточка (Hirundo rustica), Мелихово.jpg | image_width = 300px | image_caption = [[ৰাছিয়া]]ত চাতক বা টেলটুপী | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] | classis = [[Bird|Aves]] | ordo = [[Passerine|Passeriformes]] | familia = [[Swallow|Hirundinidae]] | genus = ''[[Hirundo]]'' | species = '''''H. rustica''''' | binomial = ''Hirundo rustica'' | binomial_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] | range_map = Hirundo rustica.png | range_map_caption = চাতক চৰাইৰ বিতৰণ <div style="margin-left: 1em; text-align: left; "> <big>{{Legend|#E0CF01|Breeding range|border=1px solid #aaa}}{{Legend|#007D1D|Resident year-round|border=1px solid #aaa}}{{Legend|#0080FF|Non-breeding range|border=1px solid #aaa}}</big> </div> | synonyms = * ''Hirundo erythrogaster'' }} '''চাতক''' বা '''টেলটুপী''' ({{Lang-en|Barn Swallow}}, বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম-''Hirundo rustica'') চাতক(Swallow) এইজাতীয় চৰাইসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আটাইতকৈ বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত হৈ থকা চৰাইৰ প্ৰজাতি।<ref name=Turner/> ই এবিধ সহজে চিনিব পৰা চৰাই-ইয়াৰ দেহৰ ওপৰভাগ নীল-বৰণীয়া, নেজ জোঙা আৰু দকৈ দুভাগকৈ কটা। ইয়াক প্ৰধানকৈ [[ইউৰোপ]], [[এছিয়া]], [[আফ্ৰিকা]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা]]ত দেখা পোৱা যায়। <ref name="Turner">{{cite book |title=Swallows & martins: an identification guide and handbook |url=https://archive.org/details/swallowsmartinsi00turn |last=Turner |first=Angela K |coauthors= Rose, Chris |location=Boston |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1989 |isbn= 0-395-51174-7 }} p164–169</ref> == বিৱৰণ== [[File:Barn Swallow 800.jpg|thumb|left|ইংলেণ্ডত চাতক চৰাই]] {{listen | filename = Hirundo rustica - Barn Swallow - XC83449.ogg | title = Recording of Barn Swallows | description = চাতক চৰাইৰ মাত | format = [[oggg]] | align = left }} পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক চাতক চৰাইৰ দেহৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য প্ৰায় ১৭-১৯ ছে:মি: আৰু ওজন প্ৰায় ১৬-২২ গ্ৰাম হয়। ইয়াৰ দেহৰ ওপৰ অংশ নীলা বৰণীয়া আৰু কপাল আৰু ডিঙি মাখনবৰণীয়া। ইয়াৰ বুকুত বহল আৰু গাঢ় নীলা আঁচ এডাল থাকে। চাতক চৰাইৰ নেজ দীঘলীয়া আৰু খাঁজকটা হয়। নেজৰ ওপৰৰ ফালে বগা দাগেৰে এডাল দীঘলীয়া আঁচ থকা দেখা যায়। <ref name="BWP">{{cite book |last = Snow |first = David |coauthors = Perrins, Christopher M (editors) |title = The Birds of the Western Palearctic concise edition (2 volumes) |publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1998 |location = Oxford |isbn = 0-19-854099-X }} p1061–1064</ref> মাইকী চাতক চৰাই দেখাত মতাটোৰ সৈতে একে হয়, কিন্তু ইয়াৰ নেজ কিছু চুটি আৰু বুকুৰ আঁচডাল সিমান উজ্জ্বল নহয়। পোৱালি চাতক চৰাইৰ গাৰ বৰণ মুগা হয় আৰু মুখখন কিছু ৰঙচুৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ দেহৰ তলৰ অংশ বগা চানেকীয়া হোৱা দেখা যায়। ইয়াৰো পূৰ্ণবয়স্ক চৰাইতকৈ নেজৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য কম হোৱা দেখা যায়। <ref name="Turner" /> == টেক্স'নমি == চাতক চৰাইৰ বিষয়ে পোণপ্ৰথমে কেৰ'লাছ লিনিয়াছে ১৭৫৮ চনত তেওঁৰ 'Systema Naturae' নামৰ গ্ৰন্থত 'Hirundo rustica' নামৰে উল্লেখ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{la icon}} {{cite book |last=Linnaeus |first=Carolus |authorlink=Carolus Linnaeus |title=[[Systema Naturae|Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.]] |publisher=Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). |year=1758 |page=191 }}</ref><ref name=name>{{cite book|author=Lewis, Charlton T|title=A Latin dictionary for schools|year=1888|publisher=Harper & Brothers|url=http://www.archive.org/details/latindictionaryf00lewiuoft|isbn=0-19-910204-X}}</ref> [[File:Barn Swallow - Hirundo rustica.ogv|thumb|ইউৰোপীয়ান চাতক চৰাইৰ ভিডিঅ']] বৰ্তমানলৈকে চাতক চৰাইৰ ছটা উপ-প্ৰজাতি চিনাক্ত কৰা হৈছে- * ''Hirundo rustica saturata''- ১৮৮৩, ৰবাৰ্ট ৰিডগৱে (Robert Ridgway)- প্ৰধানকৈ পূব এছিয়াত বিস্তৃত। <ref name=ssp>{{cite journal |last=Dickinson |first=Edward C. |coauthors=Eck, Siegfried; Christopher M. Milensky |year=2002 |title=Systematic notes on Asian birds. 31. Eastern races of the barn swallow ''Hirundo rustica'' Linnaeus, 1758 |journal=Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden |volume=340 |pages=201–203 |issn=0024-1652 |url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/46729 |accessdate=2007-11-17}}</ref> * ''Hirundo rustica rustica''- ইউৰোপ আৰু এছিয়াত বিস্তৃত হৈ আছে। <ref name=Turner/> The Barn Swallows wintering in southern Africa are from across Eurasia to at least 91°E,<ref name =safring>{{cite web| title= European Swallow ''Hirundo rustica''| work= SAFRING results| url= http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/safring/results/0493.htm| publisher= Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town| accessdate= 2007-12-01| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071211102131/http://web.uct.ac.za/depts/stats/adu/safring/results/0493.htm| archivedate= 2007-12-11| deadurl= yes}}</ref> * ''Hirundo rustica transitiva'' - ১৯১০, আৰ্ণেষ্ট হাৰ্টাৰ্ট (Ernst Hartert)- মধ্য-পূব প্ৰান্তৰ তুৰ্কী, ইজৰাইল আদি দেশত বিস্তৃত। <ref name=Turner/> [[File:BarnSwallowJapan.jpg|thumb|leftজাপানত ''H. r. gutturalis'']] * ''Hirundo rustica savignii''- ১৮১৭, জেমছ ফ্ৰান্সিছ ষ্টিফেনছ (James Francis Stephens)-ফ্ৰান্সত দেখা পোৱা যায়<ref name= Decker>{{cite journal |last=Dekker |first=René |year=2003 |title=Type specimens of birds. Part 2. |journal=NNM Technical Bulletin |volume=6 |page=20 |url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/43413 |accessdate=2001-11-24}}</ref> * ''Hirundo rustica gutturalis'', ১৭৮৬, Giovanni Antonio Scopoli<ref name= ssp/><ref name=rasmussen>{{cite book|author=[[Rasmussen, Pamela C.]] & [[John C. Anderton]]|year=2005|title=[[Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide]]|publisher=Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions|isbn=84-87334-67-9}}</ref> * ''Hirundo rustica tytleri'', ১৮৬৪, থমাছ জাৰদন (Thomas C. Jerdon)<ref name=ssp/><ref name=rasmussen/> [[File:BarnSwallow cajay.jpg|thumb|আমেৰিকাত ''H. r. erythrogaster'']] * ''Hirundo rustica erythrogaster'',১৭৮৩,Pieter Boddaert- প্ৰধানকৈ উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাত দেখা যায়। <ref name= ssp/> <!-- == বিতৰণ== It breeds in the Northern Hemisphere from sea level to typically 2,700 metres (8,900&nbsp; ft),<ref name=BirdLife>{{cite web |title = BirdLife International Species factsheet: ''Hirundo rustica'' |publisher =BirdLife International |accessdate = 2007-12-06 |url =http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=7116&m=1}}</ref> but to 3,000 metres (9,800&nbsp; ft) in the [[Caucasus]]<ref name=BWP/> and North America,<ref name= umich/> and it is absent only from deserts and the cold northernmost parts of the continents. Over much of its range, it avoids towns, and in Europe is replaced in urban areas by the [[House Martin]]. However, in [[Honshū]], the Barn Swallow is a more urban bird, with the [[Red-rumped Swallow]] (''Cecropis daurica'') replacing it as the rural species.<ref name= Turner/> [[File:800px-hirundorusticaflightcropped.jpg|thumb|In flight as seen from below]] ==বাসস্থান== The preferred habitat of the Barn Swallow is open country with low vegetation, such as pasture, meadows and farmland, preferably with nearby water. This swallow avoids heavily wooded or precipitous areas and densely built-up locations. T<ref name="BWP" /> In winter, the Barn Swallow is cosmopolitan in its choice of habitat, avoiding only dense forests and deserts.<ref name=SASOL>{{cite book |title=SASOL Birds of Southern Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/sasolbirdsofsout0000sinc_ed03 |last= Sinclair |first=Ian |coauthors= Hockey, Phil; Tarboton, Warwick |location=Cape Town |publisher=Struik |year=2002 |isbn= 1-86872-721-1 }} p294</ref> It is most common in open, low vegetation habitats ==আচৰণ== === খাদ্য=== [[File:Hirundo rustica -Barcelona, Spain -flying-8.jpg|upright|right|thumb|Flying low over water in Spain]] The Barn Swallow typically feeds 7–8&nbsp; metres (23–26&nbsp; ft) above shallow water or the ground, often following animals, humans or farm machinery to catch disturbed insects, but it will occasionally pick prey items from the water surface, walls and plants. In the breeding areas, large [[fly|flies]] make up around 70% of the diet, with [[aphid]]s also a significant component. === প্ৰজনন=== The male Barn Swallow returns to the breeding grounds before the females and selects a nest site, which is then advertised to females with a circling flight and song. Both sexes defend the nest, but the male is particularly aggressive and territorial.<ref name=Turner/> Once established, pairs stay together to breed for life, but extra-pair [[Mating|copulation]] is common, making this species [[gene]]tically polygamous, despite being socially [[monogamy|monogamous]].<ref> {{cite journal |last=Møller |first=Anders Pape |coauthors=Tegelstrom, Håkan |month=November |year=1997 |title=Extra-pair paternity and tail ornamentation in the barn swallow |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_behavioral-ecology-and-sociobiology_1997-11_41_5/page/353 |journal=Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=353–360 |doi=10.1007/s002650050395}}</ref> As its name implies, the Barn Swallow typically nests inside accessible buildings such as barns and stables, or under bridges and wharves. The neat cup-shaped nest is placed on a beam or against a suitable vertical projection. It is constructed by both sexes, although more often by the female, with mud pellets collected in their beaks and lined with grasses, feathers, algae<ref>{{cite journal|last=Duffin|first=K.|year=1973|title=Barn Swallows use freshwater and marine algae in nest construction|journal=Wilson Bull.|volume=85|pages=237–238}}</ref> or other soft materials.<ref name=Turner/> Barn Swallows may nest colonially where sufficient high-quality nest sites are available, and within a colony, each pair defends a territory around the nest which, for the European subspecies, is four to eight square metres (45 to 90 square feet) in size. [[Group size measures|Colony size]] tends to be larger in North America.<ref name= umich/> There are normally two broods, with the original nest being reused for the second brood and being repaired and reused in subsequent years. Hatching success is 90% and the fledging survival rate is 70–90%. Average mortality is 70–80% in the first year and 40–70% for the adult. Although the record age is more than 11 years, most survive less than four years.<ref name=Turner/> == স্থিতি == The Barn Swallow has an enormous range, with an estimated global extent of 51.7&nbsp; million&nbsp; square kilometres (19.96&nbsp; million square miles) and a population of 190 million individuals. Although global population trends have not been quantified, the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the [[IUCN Red List]] (that is, declining more than 30 percent in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as "least concern" on the 2007 IUCN Red List,<ref name=IUCN2012/> and has no special status under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ([[CITES]]), which regulates international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants.<ref name= umich>{{cite web |last=Dewey |first=Tanya |coauthors=Roth, Chava |title=''Hirundo rustica'' |url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hirundo_rustica.html |year=2002 |work=Animal Diversity Web |publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology |accessdate=2007-11-19| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20071210232505/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Hirundo_rustica.html| archivedate= 10 December 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> --> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ ==<!-- BulletinOfTheBritishOrnithologistsClub101:339. Condor58:107. FieldianaZool51:91. Forktail16:147. Micronesica37:69,39:11. WilsonBull18:47 (compare to current Ohio checklist http://www.ohiobirds.org/publications/OBRClist.pdf). --> {{Reflist|2}} ==আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ভঁৰাল== <gallery> File:Hirundo rustica MHNT.jpg |Eggs in the [[Muséum de Toulouse]] File:Nest41.JPG|Chicks and eggs in a nest with horse hair lining File:Hirundo rustica 14105.JPG|Older chicks in nest File:Juvenile barn swallow being fed1.jpg|A juvenile being fed File:CríasHirundorustica.JPG File:Hirundo rustica -West Sussex, England -chick-8.jpg|Juvenile in England </gallery> == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{Commons|Hirundo rustica}} *{{cite web | title = BirdLife International Species factsheet: ''Hirundo rustica'' | publisher =BirdLife International | url =http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=7116&m=0 | accessdate = 2007-11-15}} * [http://www.freesound.org/samplesViewSingle.php?id=74868 Audio Recording of Swallows] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716211350/http://www.freesound.org/samplesViewSingle.php?id=74868 |date=2011-07-16 }} High quality audio recording of a group of Swallows. * [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/barn-swallow-hirundo-rustica Barn Swallow videos, photos & sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection. * (European Swallow=) Barn Swallow - [http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/518.pdf Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds]. * [http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i6130id.html Species account at USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161210113000/http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i6130id.html |date=2016-12-10 }}. Includes song clips and [[spectrogram|sonograms]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090416024127/http://www.birds.cornell.edu/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Barn_Swallow.html Species account at Cornell Lab of Ornithology.] Includes range map for the Americas * [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/BirdsInEuropeII/BiE2004Sp7116.pdf BirdLife species' status map for Europe (pdf)]. * [http://www.ibercajalav.net/img/307_BarnSwallowHrustica.pdf Ageing and sexing (PDF; 2.3 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze] * [http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0261.htm Barn Swallow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623211347/http://museum.gov.ns.ca/mnh/nature/nsbirds/bns0261.htm |date=2011-06-23 }}, Birds of Nova Scotia * [http://talkaboutwildlife.ca/profile/?s=213 Barn Swallow] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706205032/http://talkaboutwildlife.ca/profile/?s=213 |date=2011-07-06 }}, Talk about Wildlife == লগতে চাওক == Smiddy, P. 2010. Post-fledging roosting at the nest in juvenile barn swallows (''Hirundo rustica''). ''Ir Nat. J.'' : '''31''': 44 – 46. [[শ্ৰেণী:শালিকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] m75942ja6xawidh71maudsocybkj8lz 3 40580 646067 644852 2026-10-19T14:38:40Z MediaWiki message delivery 8079 /* Tech News: 2026-43 */ নতুন অনুচ্ছেদ 646067 wikitext text/x-wiki == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/37|Tech News: 2015-37]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W37"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now mention up to 50 users in a post and they will get a notification. Previously you could notify up to 20 users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110306] * A new version of the [[:m:mw:Wikidata Toolkit|Wikidata Toolkit]] has been released. It now has Wikibase API support. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-September/006999.html] * You can now use Wikidata to find all good or featured articles in a Wikipedia version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72209] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with [http://tools.wmflabs.org/ Tool Labs] due to [[:w:en:Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] issues. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110827] * The Content Translation tool published some pages with the same reference repeated several times. This has been fixed. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/03/september-3-update-fixed-duplicated-references-issues-with-norwegian-and-publishing-errors/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110007] '''Changes this week''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/wmf22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 8. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 9. It will be on all Wikipedias from September 10 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The maximum character length when you search for something on the Wikimedia wikis is now 300 characters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107947] * The notifications list has been split into two lists. As a first step, notifications about messages on your user talk page will be placed in the second list. Feedback is requested at [[mw:Topic:Sobaaiky57zs7py7|the Echo talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108190][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108760] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=08&month=09&year=2015 September 8 at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * You can join the Wikitech ambassadors mailing list. The list is for Wikimedians interested in spreading information about Wikimedia technology news. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors See how to join]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia mailing lists will be moved to a new server and the software will be upgraded. This will happen on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=09&month=09&year=2015 September 9 at 14:00 (UTC)]. The mailing lists will not be working during the move. It can take up to four hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110133] * Wikidata will soon be able to store measurements, such as a mountain's height or the distance between two places. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T77977][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-August/006982.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/37|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W37"/> 17:29, 7 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13509330 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/38|Tech News: 2015-38]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *You can now use the [[mw:Wikidata query service|Wikidata query service]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-September/007042.html] *Belarusian-Taraškievica Wikipedia was moved from be-x-old.wikipedia.org to be-tarask.wikipedia.org. This caused some issues, but most of them were resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T11823] *Language preferences might not be changed immediately when you adjust them. Language selection might work slower. Please [[:mw:How to report a bug|report any problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T92357][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T46649] '''Problems''' *There was a problem when editing [[:w:en:International Standard Book Number|International Standard Book Numbers]] in Visual Editor. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63558] *The Wikimedia mailing lists should have been upgraded on September 9. It didn't work as planned and will now happen later. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-September/083162.html] '''Changes this week''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/wmf23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 15. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 16. It will be on all Wikipedias from September 17 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=15&month=09&year=2015 September 15 at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' *ContentTranslation will show more data on the Special:ContentTranslationStats page. For example, it will show translation trends and information about deleted translations. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/11/september-11-cx-update-fixes-in-broken-publishing-in-some-languages/] *The first version of the translation suggestions feature will be deployed soon. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/11/september-11-cx-update-fixes-in-broken-publishing-in-some-languages/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W38"/> 16:17, 14 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13595243 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/39|Tech News: 2015-39]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W39"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is now an experimental Wikimedia [https://maps.wikimedia.org maps service]. You can [[:mw:Talk:Maps|give feedback here]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-September/083277.html][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Maps] * Last week a few issues with UploadWizard were fixed. Before this was done, UploadWizard would stop you from uploading your files if something went wrong. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T42921][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T48741][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T61646][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T106968] * More Wikipedias can now use information from any Wikidata item in any Wikipedia article. Previously they could only use the Wikidata item that matched the subject of the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100788] * The VisualEditor welcome dialogue has been changed. The intention is to make it more helpful for new users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112354] '''Problems''' * Wikimedia Labs' [[:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS certificate]] expired for most of Tuesday 15 September. To reach Wikimedia Labs and Tool Labs securely you had to ignore your browser's security error message. There was no risk to data security during this time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112608] * Last week the notification system was split into two parts. This was temporarily undone because of a bug and performance concerns. It will return to two parts this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112552][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2015-September/001260.html] * UploadWizard couldn't upload files larger than 5 MB when using [[:m:commons:Commons:Chunked uploads|chunked uploads]]. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T111908] '''Changes this week''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/wmf24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 22. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 23. It will be on all Wikipedias from September 24 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The page move tool has been switched over to the new standard look for forms. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86865] * You can now choose whether to extend a link or not when editing one in VisualEditor. This means it is easier to choose how much of what you type before and after the link is part of it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91285] * Wikibooks can now use data from Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107999] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=09&year=2015 22 September at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * You can join a meeting with the Wikidata team. It will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=17&min=00&sec=0&day=23&month=09&year=2015 September 23 at 17:00 (UTC)]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2015-September/007052.html See how to join]. * You can register to the [[mw:Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016|Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016]] in San Francisco 4–6 January 2016. Gadget, template, bot, and tool developers are welcome as well. [[mw:Wikimedia Developer Summit 2016#Call for participation|Call for participation]] and travel sponsorship requests are open until 2 October. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/39|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W39"/> 18:29, 21 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13726015 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/40|Tech News: 2015-40]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *In UploadWizard, the dialog to see an image preview has been removed. You already see the images in the thumbnails when you upload them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112907] *UploadWizard dialogs look a bit different now. They have been updated to the new [[:mw:OOjs UI|OOUI]] look. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112117] *You can now edit music scores in VisualEditor. You can add new sheet music scores and get live updates when you edit one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112925] *When you send an e-mail to another editor using [[:mw:Extension:EmailUsers|Special:EmailUser]], that user will now get a notification on the wiki as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56130] *You can now see 500 images when you upload images from Flickr with UploadWizard. Before this change the limit was 50. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T44979] *The Wikimedia mailing lists have been upgraded. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110140] *MediaWiki developers spent a day looking at proposed code changes in [[:mw:Gerrit|Gerrit]]. The goal was to clean up the backlog and give feedback to volunteer developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T88531] '''Problems''' *Some visitors had problems reaching the Wikimedia sites for an hour on September 24. [http://status.wikimedia.org/8777/156486/Static-assets-(CSS/JS)][http://status.wikimedia.org/8777/163388/Wiki-platform-%5B%5Bw%3Afi%3AMain-Page%5D%5D-(s2)] '''Changes this week''' *The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/wmf1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from September 29. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from September 30. It will be on all Wikipedias from October 1 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.26/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new beta feature that allows editors to use Flow on their user talkpage if they want to. Each wiki [[mw:Flow/Request Flow on a page|can decide]] if they want to enable it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T98270] * The Content Translation tool can give translation suggestions. This feature will now be available in more languages: English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Turkish, Japanese, Italian, and Catalan. [https://cxupdate.wordpress.com/2015/09/25/september-24-cx-update-suggestions-in-new-languages-fixes-in-statistics-and-link-adaptation-and-more/] '''Meetings''' *You can join the [[mw:Reading/Strategy/Strategy Process|strategy process]] of the [[mw:Reading|Reading department]] of Wikimedia Engineering. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-September/083316.html] *You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=29&month=09&year=2015 29 September at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation developers want the community to decide who can use [[:mw:Help:OAuth|OAuth]] in the future. You [[:m:Requests for comment/OAuth handover|can discuss it]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W40"/> 15:15, 28 September 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13829249 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/41|Tech News: 2015-41]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The link editor in the visual editor now shows results below the search box. This improves the usability on desktop and mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101169] *The description at [[Special:ChangeEmail]] now clearly explains that the page can also be used to remove your email. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T98799] '''Changes this week''' *The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from October 6. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from October 7. It will be on all Wikipedias from October 8 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/Roadmap|calendar]]). *UploadWizard will remind users to add a category. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51710] *UploadWizard's category selectors will be easier to use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T112764] *A new [[mw:Help:Extension:Cite|Cite]] error will be shown if a named reference is defined more than once in the same article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85386] '''Meetings''' *You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=6&month=10&year=2015 6 October at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' *Wikidata requests your input on [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|how to improve the editing of Wikidata's data in other locations]], such as Wikipedias. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W41"/> 18:32, 5 October 2015 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=13953365 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/42|Tech News: 2015-42]] == <section begin="technews-2015-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The database size lists have been updated. These control special page update frequency and which wikis use global abuse filters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T114613] '''Changes this week''' *The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from October 13. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis from October 14. It will be on all Wikipedias from October 15 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.27/Roadmap|calendar]]). *You will be able to upload images to Wikimedia Commons using the visual editor. When the image is uploaded it will be added to the article you're editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40030] *Pages that show citation error messages will automatically be placed in a hidden category. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T104792] '''Meetings''' *You can join the next meeting with the VisualEditor team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&min=00&sec=0&day=13&month=10&year=2015 13 October at 19:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2015/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2015-W42"/> 16:28, 12 October 2015 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=14074906 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/23|Tech News: 2018-23]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W23"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook skin]] has been optimised for mobile devices. It now looks different. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195625] * [[m:Planet Wikimedia|Planet Wikimedia]] collects blogs about Wikimedia. It will now use the [https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Rawdog Rawdog] [[w:en:News aggregator|feed aggregator]] to do this instead of [[w:en:Planet (software)|Planet]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T180498][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-May/090036.html] * Redirect links in [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] now link to the original page and not the target page. This was done earlier and changed the used messages on some pages. This was a problem for wikis that customized the message. A new change fixed this by using the old messages with one more parameter for customization. Wikis that already changed their customized messages will have to move the customization back again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T189860] '''Problems''' * You will not be able to edit some wikis between 06:00 and 06:30 UTC on 13 June. You can see if [[phab:T195487|your wiki is one of them]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] did not work 24–28 May. This is also why last week's Tech News was late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195500] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 June. It will be on all wikis from 7 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180605T1830 5 June at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180606T15 6 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta|beta]]. This is planned to happen in June or early July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181193][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/23|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W23"/> 21:54, 4 June 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18103288 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/24|Tech News: 2018-24]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W24"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|the Wikipedia app]] for Android or iOS users can create [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|reading lists]]. The reading lists can be seen on different devices if you are logged in to your account. There is now a browser extension so you can add pages to your reading list from a web browser. At the moment it works with Firefox and Chrome. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Reading_list_browser_extension] *[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]]. Pywikibot is a tool to automate tasks on MediaWiki wikis. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot/2018-June/009842.html] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook skin]] was changed to make it work better for mobile users. This caused some problems. The change was rolled back to fix them. The new version is now back on the wikis. MonoBook users can opt out from the new responsive design. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195625] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta|beta]]. For most wikis this will happen on 18 June. For the rest it will happen on 25 June. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181193][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 June. It will be on all wikis from 14 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * You can join the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Team|Readers Web team]] IRC office hour. There you can discuss tools to contribute on the mobile web for the existing MediaWiki skins. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180618T16 18 June at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC office hours|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180612T1830 12 June at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180613T15 13 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will be able to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical Wishes/Move files to Commons|move local wiki files to Commons]] and keep their original data intact. This is [[phab:T190716|planned to come]] to the first wikis in June. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/24|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W24"/> 21:55, 11 June 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18115892 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/25|Tech News: 2018-25]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W25"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Syntax highlighting|Syntax highlighting]] has been a beta feature on Wikimedia wikis with text written from left to right. It is now a normal feature. It is based on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185030] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180619T1830 19 June at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180620T15 20 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Some old web browsers will not be able to read the Wikimedia wikis. This is because they use an insecure way to connect to them. This means that we get less security for everyone else too. This affects about 0.08% of all traffic to the Wikimedia wikis. This affects for example those who read Wikipedia on a [[w:en:PlayStation 3|PlayStation 3]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147202][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196371] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta|beta]]. Because there is no new MediaWiki version this week it will happen on 25 June for most wikis. For the rest it will happen in early July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181193][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] All wikis that have not already done so will switch to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RemexHtml|Remex parsing library]] on 5 July. This is [[mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|to replace Tidy]]. You [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html can help] fix remaining errors. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Parsing/Replacing_Tidy/FAQ#What_will_editors_need_to_do.3F] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/25|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W25"/> 21:47, 18 June 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18136222 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/27|Tech News: 2018-27]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W27"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The database for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|tags]] will be changed. This will happen on 2 July on French Wikipedia and 9 July on all other wikis. Please [[phab:T185355|report]] if recent changes get slower or you can't save edits. This could especially affect editors who use the database on ToolForge. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata-tech/2018-June/001283.html] '''Problems''' * Last week's MediaWiki update was rolled back. This was because of a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198350] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180703T1830 3 July at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180704T15 4 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/27|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W27"/> 00:46, 3 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18169586 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/28|Tech News: 2018-28]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W28"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:WebM|WebM video files]] have smaller file size but still be of the same quality. Creating WebM files will take longer time. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VP9_transition] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]] tools and interface for watchlists will leave [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta]]. This was supposed to already have happened but was delayed. For most wikis this will happen on 9 July. For the rest it will happen on 16 July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T195993] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] All wikis now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RemexHtml|Remex parsing library]] instead of [[mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|Tidy]]. This could cause errors. You [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-June/001867.html can help] fix the errors. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Parsing/Replacing_Tidy/FAQ#What_will_editors_need_to_do.3F] '''Problems''' * When you rolled back an edit it could get both the <code>Rollback</code> and <code>Undo</code> tags. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190374] * Rollbacks from autopatrolled users were not marked as patrolled. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198449] '''Changes later this week''' * When you edit a link in the visual editor there will be two separate buttons to change which page the link goes to (target) or its text (label). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T55973][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T124305] * On the mobile version you can find a link to an editor's contributions from their user page. Now this will work even if they haven't created a user page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197581] * When you edit a discussion on the mobile version you sometimes get your signature automatically added. This will now not happen if you have already added a signature manually. This is to avoid double signatures. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192725] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions|Structured discussions]] toolbars will have more style options. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T109123#4400917] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] When you look at Wikimedia code in [[w:en:Gerrit (software)|Gerrit]] there will be a new interface. It is on by default for new users. This is also true for developers. This is to make it easier to understand what is happening. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196812] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 10 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 11 July. It will be on all wikis from 12 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180710T1830 10 July at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180711T15 11 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Today all administrators can edit [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] for the entire wiki. There will be a new user group for editing CSS and JavaScript. Administrators will no longer automatically be able to do this. This is because it is a security risk when all administrator accounts can edit JavaScript even if they never plan to or do not know how it works. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190015] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page previews]] will be on by default for new accounts. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-July/090297.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/28|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W28"/> 23:10, 9 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18194890 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/29|Tech News: 2018-29]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W29"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|global preferences]] on Wikimedia wikis. You can set them on the [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T16950] * You can now see a new log of pages being created at [[Special:Log/create|Special:Log/create]]. It includes pages which are later deleted. It is now available on all Wikimedia wikis except Commons and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12331] * You can see how many pageviews a wiki had from specific countries. The [https://stats.wikimedia.org/v2/#/en.wikipedia.org/reading/page-views-by-country/normal{{!}}map{{!}}2-Year~2016060100~2018071100{{!}}~total Wikistats2 maps] have now been updated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-July/090327.html] '''Changes later this week''' * Your watchlist will show changes from the last seven days instead of three. If you have already set a length preference it will not change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T194414] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from July 17. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from July 18. It will be on all wikis from July 19 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180717T1830 July 17 at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180718T15 July 18 at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Some articles have messages to readers about problems with the article. For example that it does not cite sources or might not be neutral. Readers do not see these messages on the mobile version. The developers now want to show them. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile Page Issues|read more and leave feedback]]. * You can use <code><nowiki><inputbox></nowiki></code> to create search boxes for specific pages. For example to search the archives of a community discussion page. Instead of <code><nowiki>prefix:Page name</nowiki></code> you will see a text that explains which pages are being searched. You can [[phab:T198318|read more and leave feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/29|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W29"/> 16:01, 16 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18215334 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/30|Tech News: 2018-30]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W30"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you log in to your account you can choose to keep being logged in. This checkbox now works better than before on the mobile version for users without JavaScript. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196947] * Wikis that use [[mw:Citoid|Citoid]] can automatically generate citations for Swedish news sites. This only works in the visual editor. This now works for [[w:en:Sveriges radio|Swedish public service radio]]. More will come. Others could use this to add news sites in other languages in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187023] * Editors can do max 90 edits per minute. This is new since last month. This does not affect bots or administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56515] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-24|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-25|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-26|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180725T15 {{#time:j xg|2018-07-25|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/30|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W30"/> 09:44, 24 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18233172 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/31|Tech News: 2018-31]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W31"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The design on [[Special:Log]] has changed. It will change again soon. Developers are working on fixing problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117737] '''Problems''' * Deployment of 1.32.0-wmf.13 has been partially delayed. All deployments have been resumed and successfully done after bug fixes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000577.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000585.html] * Deployment of 1.32.0-wmf.14 has been partially delayed. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000587.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000589.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2018-07-31|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2018-08-01|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2018-08-02|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180731T1830 {{#time:j xg|2018-07-31|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180801T15 {{#time:j xg|2018-08-01|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)] as well as at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180801T23 23:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * After [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|a community discussion]], a new group for users will be created. "[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|Interface administrators]]" will be the only users allowed to edit interface pages like [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or [[MediaWiki:Common.js]]. This is done to avoid technical issues and improve security. That change will be effective by the end of August 2018. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/31|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W31"/> 14:05, 30 July 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18237696 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/32|Tech News: 2018-32]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W32"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[Special:NewPages|Special:NewPages]] now has the [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117739] '''Problems''' * The MediaWiki version that was released two weeks ago was late to some Wikimedia wikis. This was because of bugs. It was on all wikis 30 July. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20180724-Train][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/engineering/2018-July/000591.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 August. It will be on all wikis from 9 August. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180807T1830 7 August at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180808T15 8 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/32|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W32"/> 19:39, 6 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18277179 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/33|Tech News: 2018-33]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W33"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *<span title="Advanced item">[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]]</span> [[w:en:Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] in templates can now be stored in a separate page on all wikis. This is called [[mw:Extension:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. This is to make it easier to edit how templates look. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-August/090481.html] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180814T1830 14 August at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180815T15 15 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The developers are planning more ways to block users. This could be blocking someone from just a page or a namespace. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Per-user page, namespace, and upload blocking|read more]]. You can leave feedback on the [[m:Talk:Community health initiative/Per-user page, namespace, and upload blocking|talk page]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2018-August/090842.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/33|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W33"/> 17:53, 13 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18292380 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/34|Tech News: 2018-34]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W34"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/34|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 21 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 22 August. It will be on all wikis from 23 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180822T15 22 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' *The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/2018 Community Wishlist Survey|2018 Community Wishlist Survey]] begins on 29 October. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals from 29 October to 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 16 November to 30 November. *[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Manual:$wgLegacyJavaScriptGlobals|Legacy JavaScript global variables]] have been deprecated for seven years. They will soon be removed from all wikis. Gadgets and scripts that use them will stop working. You can test your community's gadgets on "group0" wikis. For example [[testwiki:Main Page|Test Wikipedia]] or [[mw:MediaWiki|mediawiki.org]]. The legacy JavaScript global variables are already disabled there. You can [[mw:ResourceLoader/Migration guide (users)#Global wg variables|read the migration guide]] to fix old scripts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72470] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/34|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W34"/> 16:46, 20 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18310555 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/35|Tech News: 2018-35]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W35"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see moved paragraphs in diffs in the mobile view. It also works on all languages in the desktop view. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T199800] * Bureaucrats on all Wikimedia wikis can now remove the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admin]] user right. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202298] '''Problems''' * Some diffs show lines in the wrong order. The developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197157] '''Changes later this week''' * The message you see when you thank a user will change. This is to make it easier to understand. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T159302] * [[w:en:Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AWB]] will stop adding <code>using AWB</code> in the edit summary. Instead it will add a [[Special:Tags|tag]] that says <code>AWB</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T111663] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter]] variables have changed. They are now easier to understand for non-experts. The old variables will still work but filter editors are encouraged to replace them with the new ones. You can find the list of changed variables [[mw:Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules format#Variables|on mediawiki.org]]. They have a note which says <code>Deprecated. Use ... instead</code>. An example is <code>article_text</code> which is now <code>page_title</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T173889] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Abuse filters can now use how old a page is. The variable is <code>page_age</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 28 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 29 August. It will be on all wikis from 30 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180828T1830 28 August at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180829T15 29 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=12&month=09&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|You can read more about this]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/35|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W35"/> 16:16, 27 August 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18330273 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/36|Tech News: 2018-36]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W36"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new user right for users who can edit [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] for the entire wiki. Before this all admins could edit CSS and JavaScript. This was a security risk. This group is called [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrators]]. Administrators can delete user CSS and JavaScript pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190015][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200176] * There will be an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on the Wikipedia mobile website. It starts this week. It tests how we show templates that show information about an article. The test will last two weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200792][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues] * You can now use different CSS rules for different skins when you edit templates. This is because of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197617] * <code>wp10</code> in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]] is now called <code>articlequality</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196240] * When you get a new message on your talk page you get a yellow message in the toolbar. The preference to show or not show this has been removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58845] '''Problems''' * [[c:Commons:Upload Wizard|UploadWizard]] had problems with [[mw:Extension:UploadWizard/Campaigns|campaigns]]. Users could not upload files. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202760] * You can get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|notification]] when a link is made to a page you created. This has not worked since June. It was fixed last week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200119] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 4 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 5 September. It will be on all wikis from 6 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180905T15 5 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers|Readers department]] will work on advanced mobile editing. You can [[c:File:Wikimedia Foundation Readers Roadmap Review - 2018-08-27.pdf|read more]] about this and other things they plan to work on over the next year. You can also [[c:File:Wikimedia Foundation Readers Roadmap Review - 27 August 2018.webm|see the presentation]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Keegan (WMF)/RelatedSites2|The RelatedSites extension]] will be removed from Wikivoyage. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Unused projects on the [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Wikimedia Cloud virtual private server]] will [[wikitech:Cloud VPS 2018 Purge|be removed]]. This will happen in October. Projects can be marked if they are being used. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-August/090735.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/36|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W36"/> 16:48, 3 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18344596 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/37|Tech News: 2018-37]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W37"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you added or edited a template with the visual editor the input boxes were very big. This has been fixed. The input boxes will now be smaller until you click on them. Then they will change size to fit the text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200834] '''Problems''' * Some diffs showed lines in the wrong order. This was fixed last week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197157] * Marking a cross-wiki notification as read didn't work every time. The other wiki was not updated. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121930] * <code><nowiki><maplink></nowiki></code> did not work for a few days. This was because of a bug. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203427] * <code><nowiki>{{subst:REVISIONUSER}}</nowiki></code> is used by some templates. For a period edits saved with <code><nowiki>{{subst:REVISIONUSER}}</nowiki></code> would save the previous user's name and not your username. This is now fixed. Edits made before the bug was fixed will still be wrong and need to be corrected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203583] * When you move a page the title still shows the old page name. The developers are working on fixing this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203661] '''Changes later this week''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=12&month=09&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|You can read more about this]]. * Because of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|the data centre test]] there will be no new version of MediaWiki this week. Changes for this week will come next week instead. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] You can join the next meeting with the Editing team. During the meeting, you can tell developers which bugs you think are the most important. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180911T1830 11 Septmber at 18:30 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Editing team/Weekly triage meetings|how to join]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180912T15 12 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Team|The developers]] work on making the wikis work better on mobile phones. There is a list [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for mobile friendly articles|of common problems when making content easier to read in the mobile view]]. You can add things to the page and ask others to help. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/37|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W37"/> 22:36, 10 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18369657 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/38|Tech News: 2018-38]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Mobile app|Wikimedia Commons mobile app]] has a new version. Images uploaded using Nearby are now automatically added to the associated Wikidata item. You can browse other images on Commons. You can see your achievements and your upload statistics. It has also fixed some bugs. [https://cookiesandcodeblog.wordpress.com/2018/08/10/commons-app-version-2-8-beta/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki web requests now have a time limit of 60 seconds for GET requests and 200 seconds for POST requests. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97192] '''Problems''' * You could not see the menu on the notifications page on the mobile version. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192475] '''Changes later this week''' *[[Special:AncientPages|Special:AncientPages]] can hide disambiguation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T76287] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 September. It will be on all wikis from 20 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180919T15 19 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Team|The developers]] are testing new mobile web navigation. You can [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile contributions/Navigation prototype feedback|use it and give feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W38"/> 21:58, 17 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18389264 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/39|Tech News: 2018-39]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W39"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/39|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * The [[Special:Preferences|preferences form]] will change to use the standard look. If you see any problems please [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/3/?projects=ui-standardization,mediawiki-special-pages report them on Phabricator]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117781] *[[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 September. It will be on all wikis from 27 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20180926T15 26 September at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/39|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W39"/> 15:23, 24 September 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18408633 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/40|Tech News: 2018-40]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Ordinary pages can no longer be loaded as [[w:en:JavaScript|javascript]]. You could do this using <code dir=ltr>?action=raw&ctype=text/javascript</code> in the [[w:en:URL|URL]]. Only fully protected pages in the MediaWiki: namespace or user javascript subpages can be loaded as javascript now. This is for better security. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-September/001955.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-September/090882.html] '''Problems''' * New and updated translations from [[en:w:translatewiki.net|translatewiki.net]] will not reach the wikis for a while. You can still translate messages on translatewiki.net. The Wikimedia wikis will be updated with the new translations later. This is because of work on the translation system. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-September/001951.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-September/090882.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 2 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 3 October. It will be on all wikis from 4 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181003T15 3 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. * You can join the meeting with the Wikimedia Foundation Search Platform team. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181003T15 3 October at 15:00 UTC]. See [[m:IRC office hours#Upcoming office hours|how to join]] if you want to know how the search function works or have questions. '''Future changes''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=10&month=10&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018 2|You can read more about this]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W40"/> 17:35, 1 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18433392 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/41|Tech News: 2018-41]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Education Program|Education Program extension]] was removed from all Wikimedia projects. You can use the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ Programs and Events Dashboard] or the [https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/ Fountain] instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T125618] '''Problems''' * There was a problem when you copied and pasted from a table with the visual editor. It could add <code>href</code> where it shouldn't be. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108506] '''Changes later this week''' * Because of a data centre test you will be able to read but not edit the wikis for up to an hour on 10 October. This will start at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=14&min=00&sec=0&day=10&month=10&year=2018 14:00 (UTC)]. You might lose edits if you try to save during this time. The time when you can't edit might be shorter than an hour. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|You can read more about this]]. * Because of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|the data centre test]] there will be no new version of MediaWiki this week. Changes for this week will come next week instead. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181010T15 10 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W41"/> 23:38, 8 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18453674 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/42|Tech News: 2018-42]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/42|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Some pages, edits and users disappeared for a short while after the [[m:Tech/Server switch 2018|server switch]]. Missing content and users was fixed within a day. Some preferences and other things might take a few more days to fix. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T206743] * Wikis are updated with new and updated translations from [[m:translatewiki.net|translatewiki.net]] again. This will happen once a week. The developers are working on fixing the problem so we can have translation updates more often again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/121/translationwiki.net_security_incident/] '''Changes later this week''' * When you create an abuse filter that prevents edits you can now write a specific error message for it. Before this all abuse filters that prevented edits had the same error message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T27086] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 October. It will be on all wikis from 18 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.32/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * There will be no more meetings with the Editing team. This is because not enough Wikimedians were interested. To tell developers which bugs you think are the most important you can use [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/ Phabricator] as normal. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Editing_team/Weekly_triage_meetings] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181017T15 17 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W42"/> 22:41, 15 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18470532 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/43|Tech News: 2018-43]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W43"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/43|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 23 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 24 October. It will be on all wikis from 25 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181024T15 24 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins on 29 October. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals from 29 October to 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 16 November to 30 November. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/43|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W43"/> 23:12, 22 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18491932 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/44|Tech News: 2018-44]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can post proposals for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals until 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 16 November to 30 November. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The wikis now have a [[:w:en:Content Security Policy|content security policy report]]. This means that you might get a warning in your javascript console when you load external resources in your user scripts. For security reasons it is recommended that you don't do this. It might not be possible to load external resources in your scripts in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2018-October/001994.html] '''Problems''' * Your watchlist can show which changes you have already seen. This did not work for a few days. It has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T207472] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 31 October. It will be on all wikis from 1 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The 2006 wikitext editor is no longer available. It will be removed from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|Special:Preferences]]. It has not been the standard editor for a long time. It was replaced by the [[mw:Extension:WikiEditor|2010 wikitext editor]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Contributors/Projects/Removal_of_the_2006_wikitext_editor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181031T15 31 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W44"/> 20:09, 29 October 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18519160 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/45|Tech News: 2018-45]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W45"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]] to edit templates. This works only with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010 wikitext editor]] and not in the visual editor or the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]. If you click on [[File:OOjs UI icon puzzle-ltr.svg|17px|link=|Puzzle icon]] you can enter the information in a pop-up. You can turn on TemplateWizard in your beta feature preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202545] '''Changes later this week''' * You can choose to see edit conflicts in a two-column view. This is a beta feature. You can find it in your preferences. The interface for the two-column edit conflict will change. You can [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Solution: Solving edit conflicts line by line (new beta feature)|read more]]. * When you edit with the visual editor you can use the "Automatic" citation tab. This helps you generate citations. You will now be able to write plain text citations or the title of a journal article or a book in this tab. This will search the [[:w:en:Crossref|Crossref]] and [[:w:en:WorldCat|WorldCat]] databases and add the top result. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198567] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 November. It will be on all wikis from 8 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181107T15 7 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/45|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W45"/> 17:29, 5 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18540415 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/46|Tech News: 2018-46]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W46"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some old mobile browsers can use the watchlist again. This has not worked for a while. These browsers are called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Basic (Grade_C)|grade C browsers]]. This helps for example Windows Phone 8.1 with Internet Explorer and Lumia 535 with Windows 10. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T196893] '''Problems''' * You can choose to see edit conflicts in a two-column view. This is a beta feature. You can find it in your preferences. Users who use this view saw the edit conflict resolution page when they wanted to see a preview. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T208840][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209012][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209036] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 13 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 14 November. It will be on all wikis from 15 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181114T15 14 November at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation]] tool to translate articles. The developers are working on [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version]]. One of the changes will be a maintenance category. Articles where users add a lot of text from machine translation without changing it will be in that category. This is so the community can review it. The users will also have been warned before they publish the article that it has a lot of unchanged text from machine translations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/46|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W46"/> 19:22, 12 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18568837 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/47|Tech News: 2018-47]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W47"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can vote until 30 November. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] for <code>sameAs</code> data. This is to make it easier to find the right information with a search engine. This changes the [[:w:en:Metadata|metadata]] for a wiki page. It doesn't change how the page looks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209306] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181121T15 21 November at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia wikis use templates to show readers there are problems with the content on some pages. For example if there are no sources or the page needs to be rewritten. The mobile website will soon show more information when you use these templates. Some templates may need to be updated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-November/091113.html] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Education Program|Education Program extension]] was removed from all Wikimedia projects. The [[:w:en:Table (database)|database tables]] used by the extension will be archived. This will happen in a month. If you want the information on your wiki you should move it to a normal wiki page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174802] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/47|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W47"/> 23:29, 19 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18611020 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/48|Tech News: 2018-48]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W48"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Translate|translatable pages]] you could create a mess when you moved a page that had translatable subpages. A subpage is when you use <code>/</code> to create a new page: <code>/wiki/Page/Subpage</code>. The subpages would be moved but not the translations. The subpages are no longer automatically be moved. This is to make it safer to move pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T114592] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|advanced search interface]] will be available by default on all Wikimedia wikis. It makes it easier to use some of the special search functions that most editors don't know exist. It's already active on German, Farsi, Arabic and Hungarian Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T193182] * [[Special:UnusedCategories|Special:UnusedCategories]] show empty categories with no files or other categories. You can soon choose to not show soft redirect categories or some maintenance categories there. You can do this with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words|magic word]] <code><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T96041] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 27 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 28 November. It will be on all wikis from 29 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181128T16 28 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code>mw.util.jsMessage()</code> function was deprecated in 2012. It will be removed next week. [[:w:en:Wikipedia:Reporting JavaScript errors|Look for the warning]] <code>Use of "mw.util.jsMessage" is deprecated</code> in the JavaScript console to know if you use an affected script or gadget. If you are a gadget maintainer you should check if your JavaScript code contains <code>mw.util.jsMessage</code>. There is a [[mw:ResourceLoader/Migration guide (users)#mw.util.jsMessage|migration guide]]. It explains how to use <code>mw.notify</code> instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T193901] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/48|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W48"/> 22:22, 26 November 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18638702 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/49|Tech News: 2018-49]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W49"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Admins will not be able to unblock themselves if they are blocked by someone other than themselves. This is because it can cause damage if someone else takes over an admin account and other admins can't block them. If this is a problem for your community you can [[phab:T150826|report it on Phabricator]]. You can also ask questions [[m:Tech|on Meta]]. There is a discussion [[phab:T150826|on Phabricator]] about how to solve this if two admins fight with each other on a small wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150826] * Small [[:w:en:Scalable Vector Graphics|SVG images]] are now bigger when you see them in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:MediaViewer|MediaViewer]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71237] * You can go to a section from the edit summary by clicking on the section name. Before this you had to click on the arrow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T165189] * When you jumped to a footnote that was referenced several times in an article it could be difficult to see where you were in the text. Now there are jump marks and highlights to help you find your way back. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Footnote_highlighting][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T194511] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181205T23 5 December at 16:00 (UTC)] and [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181205T23 at 23:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/49|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W49"/> 16:13, 3 December 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18671340 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/50|Tech News: 2018-50]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/50|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 11 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 12 December. It will be on all wikis from 13 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181212T16 12 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * New accounts will need passwords that are at least 8 characters long. Admins, interface admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, CentralNotice admins, global renamers, check users, stewards and some other user groups will need passwords that are at least 10 characters long. This is because an attacker could cause damage to the wikis if they took over these accounts. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Password_policy] * When you hover over a footnote it will show you the reference as a pop-up. This is so you don't have to jump down to the bottom of the page to see a reference. This will happen in 2019. Some wikis already have gadgets that do this. You will be able to turn it off. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W50"/> 17:34, 10 December 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18699559 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/51|Tech News: 2018-51]] == <section begin="technews-2018-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 7 January 2019. '''Recent changes''' * Some templates that show notices about the content of the page will now be shown on the mobile website. In many cases they were hidden before. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T210553] * Admins can no longer unblock themselves, except for self-blocks. A blocked admin can block the user who blocked them but no one else. This is so no one can block all admins on a wiki without being stopped. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150826] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration extension]] has been removed. It compared the result of two versions of the MediaWiki wikitext parsing pipeline. It was used when we moved to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RemexHtml|Remex parsing library]] instead of [[mw:Parsing/Replacing Tidy|Tidy]]. '''Problems''' * <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tags can use parameters such as "name" or "group". For example <code><nowiki><ref name="adams" group="books"></nowiki></code>. If a <code><nowiki><ref></nowiki></code> tag has more than two parameters all parameters are ignored. You don't get a warning that they don't work. This will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211576] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 December. It will be on all wikis from 20 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20181219T16 19 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Android app team]] are working on making it easier to edit on mobile phones. You can [[mw:Android editing features|read more]] about these plans. If you have an Android phone and speak at least two languages you can help testing in English. Tell [[:m:User:Dchen (WMF)|Dchen (WMF)]] you want to be part of the testing by writing on her talk page or email her. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>tiles.wmflabs.org</code> and <code>wma.wmflabs.org</code> will stop working. They have no maintainers and run an old operating system. Tools which use it could stop working. This includes [[:w:en:Mapnik|the mapnik gadget]], hill shading, and hike and bike layers. New maintainers could help out and keep it going. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2018-December/091216.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2018/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2018-W51"/> 20:35, 17 December 2018 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18718987 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/02|Tech News: 2019-02]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/02|Translations]] are available. ''Tech News writers, editors and translators wish you a pleasant 2019 year.'' '''Recent changes''' * RelatedSites extension has been undeployed. It was used to create interwiki links on Wikivoyage, now handled by Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T128326] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki logstash logging is moving to a new infrastructure. This is an ongoing deployment. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logging_infrastructure_design_document.pdf] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [https://codesearch.wmflabs.org codesearch.wmflabs.org] has been updated, with new and updated repositories and a new search options for code. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2019-January/002045.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] On several wikis, an account named "{{int:abusefilter-blocker}}" has been created on December 17 to perform some technical maintenance on AbuseFilter. This account has sysop rights but it's a system user and no human can use it. The account already existed on wikis where AbuseFilter can perform blocks, which are issued using this account. See [[:phabricator:T212268|T212268]] for more information and future plans. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]], the "{{int:abusefilter-action-throttle}}" action takes three parameters: count, period and groups. They must now strictly respect the requirements listed [[:mw:Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Throttling|on mediawiki.org]]. A list of broken filters is [[:phabricator:P7956|on Phabricator]]. If you're familiar with AbuseFilter, please take a look and fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209565] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from January 8. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from January 9. It will be on all wikis from January 10 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * Search Platform Office Hours is rescheduled to January 9. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-January/091280.html Check the details] for time and date. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W02"/> 18:30, 7 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18759682 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/03|Tech News: 2019-03]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[:w:en:Google Translate|Google Translate]] in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90208][https://wikimediafoundation.org/2019/01/09/you-can-now-use-google-translate-to-translate-articles-on-wikipedia/] * You can now add [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:File captions|captions]] to files on Commons. Captions are short descriptions of the file. They can be translated to all languages we use. They can't use wikitext markup. * Earlier a [[:w:en:Attribute (computing)|quoted HTML attribute]] had to be followed by a space. Now it doesn't. This means that some pages could look different when you save them even if you didn't edit that part of the text. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Uqhg1it7nojfnjfg][https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki/commit/59bb8864a23f3df120789c7619ef07acefa27b9c] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Templates with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|<nowiki><templatestyles></nowiki>]] could not show the difference between the live template and the [[w:en:Sandbox (software development)|sandbox]] version when they were tested. This has now been fixed. <nowiki><templatestyles></nowiki> has a new <code>wrapper</code> parameter now. You can use it for selectors like <code dir="ltr">.mw-parser-output <nowiki><wrapper parameter value> <selector from CSS page></nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200441] '''Problems''' * When you see an edit in the recent changes feed or in the history of a page some of them have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tags|tags]]. Some tags are added automatically. You can also add tags manually. Tags for edits that have been added manually can be edited. This didn't work for a little while. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T212703] '''Changes later this week''' *You can move files from your wiki to Wikimedia Commons and keep the file history with the new [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Move files to Commons|FileExporter]]. It will be a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis from 16 January. If you want to test it you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|activate it]] and check [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Move files to Commons/Configuration file documentation|your wiki's configuration file]]. * Users who could cause more damage to the wikis if someone took over their account have to have more secure passwords. This includes administrators and other user groups. They can't use passwords that are in a list of common passwords. Accounts with common passwords are easy to take over. The list of common passwords was made longer a few weeks ago and has a different error message. Some user groups have been added to those who can't use common passwords. This is to protect all accounts with user rights that could cause damage. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/#/c/operations/mediawiki-config/+/481115/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] variable <code>minor_edit</code> has been removed. It was deprecated in 2016. Now you can't use it. You can fix the filters using it. You can find them if you use the search bar on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from January 15 <section end="technews-2019-W03"/> 17:55, 14 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18781471 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/04|Tech News: 2019-04]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/04|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Some people did not get last week's issue of Tech News. This was because of a problem with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]]. If you did not get last week's issue, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/03|read it on Meta]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213942] '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/V2|version 2]] as the default version for users who turned on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]]. For example it adds the tracking category <code>{{int:cx-unreviewed-translation-category}}</code> to translations that might have used machine translations without fixing the problems. This is so others can find them. You can find this category in <code>Special:TrackingCategories</code> on Wikipedias. * [https://mediawiki2latex-large.wmflabs.org https://mediawiki2latex-large.wmflabs.org] can now convert collects of up to 800 pages to [[:w:en:PDF|PDF]], [[:w:en:EPUB|EPUB]] or [[:w:en:OpenDocument|ODT]]. Previously this was 200 pages. '''Problems''' * When a template was edited with the visual editor, it would sometimes put all information on one line. This makes it difficult to read for editors who use the wikitext editor. It also makes it more difficult to see what happened in a diff. This problem affected edits made between 8 and 17 January and is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213922] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] is used to post a message to many pages. It has not been working reliably. Some messages have not been posted to everyone. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213942][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139380] * Because of a database problem that had to be fixed immediately you could not edit most wikis for a couple of minutes on 17 January (UTC). This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213858] '''Changes later this week''' * You will be able to use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|template styles]] in the <code>Module</code> namespace. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200914] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 22 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 23 January. It will be on all wikis from 24 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190123T16 23 January at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W04"/> 20:37, 21 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_targets/8&oldid=18802332 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/05|Tech News: 2019-05]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Wikimedia servers use [[:w:en:HHVM|HHVM]] to run the [[:w:en:PHP|PHP]] code. They are [[mw:Wikimedia Technology/Annual Plans/FY2019/TEC4: PHP7 Migration/Goals|going to use PHP7]] and stop using HHVM. You can test PHP7 with a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features/PHP7|new beta feature]]. That way you can [[mw:Talk:Beta Features/PHP7|help find and report]] problems. '''Problems''' * When someone moves a page to a name that already exists that page that had the name the article is moved to is deleted. For a couple of months this didn't always work. Some users saw an error message instead. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T210739] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190130T16 30 January at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W05"/> 18:16, 28 January 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18821217 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/06|Tech News: 2019-06]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/06|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * It was easy to untick a box by accident in [[Special:Preferences|Special:Preferences]]. This will now be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213517] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 February. It will be on all wikis from 7 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190206T16 6 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W06"/> 17:12, 4 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18846213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/07|Tech News: 2019-07]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for mobile friendly articles on Wikimedia wikis#Making page issues (ambox templates) mobile friendly|ambox]]</code> [[:w:en:Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] class to show page issues to mobile readers. When you use <code>ambox</code> there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for mobile friendly articles on Wikimedia wikis#Making page issues (ambox templates) mobile friendly|classes]] you can use. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 February. It will be on all wikis from 14 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190213T16 13 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W07"/> 18:46, 11 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18862544 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/08|Tech News: 2019-08]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W08"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] someone on the mobile web you will now have two seconds to cancel the thank. This is in case you clicked on the thank button by accident. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63737] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 19 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 20 February. It will be on all wikis from 21 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190220T16 20 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * There is a proposal to add a red link to mobile search results if there is no page with that name. This is how it works on desktop. You can [[mw:Talk:Readers/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|leave feedback]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211006] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/08|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W08"/> 23:14, 18 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18883065 --> == Talk to us about talking == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt="icon depicting two speech Bubbles"|frameless|right|120px]] The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication. We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices. We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives. We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help. '''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.''' You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do: # First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]] # Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group. This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback. # Then ask people what they think about communication processes. We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki. Please consider asking these five questions: ## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you? ## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them? ## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages? ## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations? ## What are the important aspects of a "wiki discussion"? # Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group. Please include links if the discussion is available to the public. '''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.''' Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]]. You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer. Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you. </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:09, 21 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/Sandbox&oldid=18890731 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/09|Tech News: 2019-09]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W09"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=324715238&mt=8 new version] of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS FAQ|iOS Wikipedia app]]. It has for example [[:w:en:Syntax highlighting|syntax highlighting]] and new toolbars to make it easier to write wikitext. It also has night mode, a find-on-page function and other things. You can [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps|give feedback and suggestions]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Editing_program] '''Changes later this week''' * When you look at your watchlist or the recent changes page you can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|new filters for edit review]]. There you can choose tags to filter different edits. Empty tags will no longer be shown. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T182219] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 26 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 27 February. It will be on all wikis from 28 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190227T16 27 February at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android will invite users to add Wikidata descriptions to Wikidata objects that have Wikipedia articles but no Wikidata descriptions. It will only invite users who have added a number of Wikidata descriptions in the app without being reverted. This is to avoid spam and bad edits. You can [[mw: Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|read more]] and [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|leave feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/09|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W09"/> 21:17, 25 February 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18898106 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/10|Tech News: 2019-10]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/10|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 March. It will be on all wikis from 7 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190306T16 6 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You can [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|give feedback]] on the future of talk pages. * The mobile website will use the standard [[:w:en:Font|fonts]] on your computer or phone instead of a generic font. This will make it easier to read text in many scripts. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Design/Projects/Improve_mobile_reading_experience][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T175877] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W10"/> 16:38, 4 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18912959 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/11|Tech News: 2019-11]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Pages can use [[:wikidata:Property:P625|geocoordinates]] from Wikidata with the <code>mw.wikibase.entity:formatStatements</code> [[w:Lua (programming language)|Lua]] function or the <code>#statements</code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions|parser function]]. If they do, they will now be shown using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#<maplink>|a Kartographer <code><maplink></code>]] if the wiki can use Kartographer. You can report bugs or ask questions [[phab:T210926|on Phabricator]]. * There is now an [[:wikitech:EventStreams|EventStream]] to see when [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#!/Streams/get_v2_stream_page_links_change links are added or removed] on Wikimedia wikis. You can read the [[phab:T115119|discussions and plans]]. '''Problems''' * Some wikis will not be able to edit for a short period of time on 19 March ([[:w:en:Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]). This will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190319T15 15:00 UTC]. It will last up to 15 minutes but probably shorter. You can [[phab:T217441|see the list of affected wikis]]. This is because of network maintenance. You can still read the wikis. * Editors who use Firefox to edit with the visual editor had a problem with copying text. When they tried to select text that included footnotes, templates or block images in the middle they would often only get part of the text. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214976] * Some maps didn't work for a while on 8 March. This has been fixed. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20190308-wdqs][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217898] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 March. It will be on all wikis from 14 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190313T16 13 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W11"/> 19:30, 11 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18925338 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/12|Tech News: 2019-12]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/12|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * When you use [[:m:Help:Reverting#Advanced features|rollback]] you will be able to get a confirmation prompt on most wikis. It asks you if you wanted to do the rollback. This is to avoid misclicks. You will have to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|opt in]] to get it. On German Wikipedia it will be an opt-out feature from 28 March. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T199534][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Rollback] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 19 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 20 March. It will be on all wikis from 21 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190320T16 20 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Admins will be able to block someone from editing a page or a namespace. This already works on a few Wikimedia wikis. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks|read more]]. If your wiki wants to be an early tester of this, you can [[m:Talk:Community health initiative/Partial blocks|tell the developers]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2018-August/090842.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:Help:Toolforge|Toolforge]] will [[:wikitech:News/Toolforge Trusty deprecation|shut down the Ubuntu Trusty job grid]]. This will happen the week of 25 March. Tools that use this grid needs to be moved to the new Debian Stretch job grid. If they haven't, they will be taken offline. Maintainers can restart the tools later. Users may not be able to use them in the meanwhile. You can see a [[:toolforge:trusty-tools/|list of affected tools]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W12"/> 19:44, 18 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18939566 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/13|Tech News: 2019-13]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W13"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/V2|new version of the content translation tool]] will be used for all new translations. The older version will still be used for translations that were started with it. Most users won’t see any change. More than 80% of the published translations are already using the new version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T212646] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with editing with [[:w:en:Safari (web browser)|Safari]] on [[:w:en:IOS|iOS]]. When you wrote an edit summary you couldn't save the edit. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218352] * The editing toolbar sometimes disappears when you scroll on [[:w:en:IOS|iOS]] devices. This will be fixed soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218414] * Wikis can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System message|over-ride interface messages]] on-wiki. A problem meant that sometimes an old versions of any changed messages were shown instead. This included the sitenotice and other important parts of the interface. This was fixed at around 2019-03-22 16:00 (UTC). Logged-out users may still get the wrong message. Purging the page should fix it for them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218918] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 26 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 27 March. It will be on all wikis from 28 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190327T16 27 March at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/13|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W13"/> 18:05, 25 March 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18947493 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/14|Tech News: 2019-14]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W14"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/14|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|Notifications]] tell you about things that happen on the wiki. You can turn on notifications about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications/Notifications_types#echo-category-title-article-linked|new links to pages you created]]. For performance reasons you can no longer get e-mails about this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219444] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 2 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 3 April. It will be on all wikis from 4 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190403T16 3 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/14|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W14"/> 16:29, 1 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18980992 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/15|Tech News: 2019-15]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W15"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * More wikis are now testing visual editor section editing for mobile users. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|read more]]. * Admins on French and Polish Wikipedia can [[m:Community health initiative/Partial blocks|block someone from editing a page or a namespace]]. If your wiki wants to get these blocks before they are available to all wikis, you can [[m:Talk:Community health initiative/Partial blocks|tell the developers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219327][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219218] '''Problems''' * You will be able read but not edit most wikis for 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April at 05:00 (UTC)]. This is because of a hardware problem. You can [[phab:T220080|see a list of the affected wikis]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-April/091900.html] * A map update caused some problems on 29 March and 30 March. It was rolled back. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217087] * Pages on some Wikivoyages had problems with the top headline. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97891#5079408] '''Changes later this week''' * When you add an edit summary the VisualEditor will search your recent edit summaries in case you want to re-use one. This works in both the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|visual]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|wikitext]] modes on desktop. It also works [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|on the mobile site]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50274] * The Wikimedia wikis will get a [[:w:en:URL shortening|URL shortener]]. This will work from 11 April. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|read more]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-April/012893.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code><nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki></code> magic word will no longer work. This is for performance reasons. When you preview a page it will return <code>""</code> (empty string). When you read a page it will return <code>"-"</code> (dash). For now this will only affect content namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T137900] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 9 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 10 April. It will be on all wikis from 11 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190410T15 10 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will be able to preview references. This means that when you hover over the link you will get a popup that shows you a preview of the reference. It will work much like [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|page previews]]. This is so you don't have to go to the bottom of the page to see a reference. This will now be available as a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67114] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikidata [[:w:en:JSON|JSON]] output will change. Empty containers will be serialised as empty objects. This is a breaking change that will affect tools that use JSON outputs and APIs. It will happen on 30 April. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-April/012891.html read more and see how to test your code]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/15|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W15"/> 18:25, 8 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=18988936 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/16|Tech News: 2019-16]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W16"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *All wikis now have the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]] for the wikitext editor. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 April. It will be on all wikis from 18 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190417T15 17 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikidata will get a new [[:wikidata:Help:Property constraints portal#Constraint statements on properties|constraint status]] called <code> suggestion</code>. This [[mailarchive:wikidata/2019-April/012911.html|will change]] how the <code>WikibaseQualityConstraints</code> constraint checking API works. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-April/012910.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204439] * You can test the [[c:Commons:Structured data/Get involved/Feedback requests/Depicts testing|<code>depicts</code> property]] for structured data on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/16|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W16"/> 23:00, 15 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19011282 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/17|Tech News: 2019-17]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W17"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|advanced search]] function [[:w:en:URL|URL]] now shows which namespaces you search in. The namespace field is collapsed by default on the search page. You can also [[gerrit:plugins/gitiles/mediawiki/extensions/AdvancedSearch/+/refs/heads/master/docs/adding_fields.md|add new fields]] to the search interface through a [[:w:en:Hooking|hook]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217445][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217443][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217446] * The wikis now look slightly different in the mobile web version. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-April/091978.html] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190423T15 23 April at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikipedia articles will have the <code>[https://schema.org/sameAs sameAs]</code> [https://schema.org/Property meta property]. It adds structured data. This makes it easier for search engines to find Wikipedia articles. It also makes it easier to reuse content. There will an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Reading/Seach_Engine_Optimization/sameAs_test][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209306] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/17|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W17"/> 19:08, 23 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19030007 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/18|Tech News: 2019-18]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W18"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android now invites users to add Wikidata descriptions to Wikidata objects that have Wikipedia articles but no Wikidata descriptions. It will only invite users who have added a number of Wikidata descriptions in the app without being reverted. This is to avoid spam and bad edits. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T205125] '''Problems''' * Tech News was late last week because of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:MassMessage|MassMessage]] bug. Other newsletters had the same problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T221570] '''Changes later this week''' * You will see when you last refreshed the recent changes page. This is so you can see how recent the changes are. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T200353] * When you write a comment in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions|Structured Discussions]] but have not posted it yet your [[:w:en:Web browser|web browser]] will save it in <code>[[:w:en:Web storage#Local and session storage|local storage]]</code> instead of <code>[[:w:en:Web storage#Local and session storage|session storage]]</code>. This means you do not lose them even if you close your web browser. Structured Discussions used to be called Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T93612] * You will be able to turn off [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications/Notifications types#Milestone|milestone notifications]]. Milestone notifications congratulate you when you have made certain numbers of edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T169924] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 1 May. It will be on all wikis from 2 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190501T15 1 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikidata <code>wb_terms</code> table will be dropped. This will affect some Wikidata tools. They need to be updated. The table has become too big which is causing problems. This will happen on 29 May. You can [[mailarchive:wikidata/2019-April/012987.html|read more]]. You can ask for help if you need it. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis will soon use a token when you log out. This changes how the API works. Some tools might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T25227] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/18|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W18"/> 22:28, 29 april 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19046269 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/19|Tech News: 2019-19]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W19"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/19|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]] can show the wrong information. It does not always show which edits are read and which are unread. The developers are working on solving the problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218511] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 May. It will be on all wikis from 9 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.33/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190507T15 8 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/19|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W19"/> 16:28, 6 মে' 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19073915 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/20|Tech News: 2019-20]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W20"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/20|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 14 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 15 May. It will be on all wikis from 16 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190514T15 15 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/20|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W20"/> 00:49, 14 মে' 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19091659 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/21|Tech News: 2019-21]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W21"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The report for phase 1 of the talk pages consultation 2019 [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Talk pages consultation_2019/Phase 1 report|has been published]]. Communities are invited to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up#Phase2|start phase 2 of the consultation]] on their wikis. '''Problems''' * File descriptions for files from Commons were not shown properly on other Wikimedia wikis for a few days. For example the image descriptions and license information were missing. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222935][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222954] * Some diffs show an error message when you try to see them. The developers are working on fixing it. It could be because of some edit comments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222857][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222628] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-05-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-05-22|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-05-23|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190521T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-05-22|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Content translation/V2|content translation tool]] on Wikipedia can use machine translations. There is a system to stop translations where the editors do not fix machine translation mistakes. This warns or stops them if they seem to just copy what the machine translation gives them. If this system is too strict or not strict enough you can [[mw:Talk:Content translation|tell the language team]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Translation_quality] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikidata <code>wbeditentity</code> [[:w:en:Application programming interface|API]] endpoint will remove all aliases if the request includes an empty alias. This is how it supposed to work. It has not been working this way because of a bug. This will start on 12 June. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-May/013051.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W21"/> 13:04, 20 মে' 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19108030 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/22|Tech News: 2019-22]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W22"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/22|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Big changes to the [[w:en:Replication (computing)|replica database]] will happen on 3 June. Some tools on [[:wikitech:Help:Cloud Services Introduction|Cloud Services]] will stop working if the maintainers do not update them to use the new schema. This probably affects tools that query for revisions or log entries made by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223406][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/cloud-announce/2019-May/000172.html] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 28 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 29 May. It will be on all wikis from 30 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190529T15 29 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/22|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W22"/> 15:34, 27 May 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19120221 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/23|Tech News: 2019-23]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W23"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now write all special letters in all African Wikipedia languages. This works in the desktop version. [https://aharoni.wordpress.com/2019/05/25/happy-africa-day-keyboards-for-all-african-wikipedia-languages/] * There is now a field called <code>[[:c:Commons:Depicts|depicts]]</code> on Commons. This is a way to show what is in a picture with the help of Wikidata. It is still in development. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Village_pump#Adding_qualifiers_to_Depicts] * Some tools on Toolforge may break on or after 3 June because of database changes. Maintainers should update their tools to use the new schema. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223406][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/cloud-announce/2019-May/000172.html] '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190619T05 19 June at 05:00 (UTC)]. This is to fix a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224516] '''Changes later this week''' * Some wikis have one tab for the visual editor and one tab for a wikitext editor. Others wikis just have one tab. If your wiki has two tabs, clicking a link to create a new page has always opened a wikitext editor. It will now open the editor you used the last time you edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223793] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 4 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 5 May. It will be on all wikis from 6 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190605T15 5 May at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/23|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W23"/> 15:25, 3 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19133752 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/24|Tech News: 2019-24]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W24"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When you create a PDF from a page on the wiki this is now done by [[mw:Proton|Proton]]. Before this we used [[mw:Electron|Electron]]. It should look the same but work better. Both use Chromium. This is a different system from when you collect several articles into a book and make a PDF from them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T210651][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186748] * The Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standard OOUI icons. There will be additional minor fixes for positioning in the next deployment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155878] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bots and other scripts that do not set an identifiable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User-Agent policy|User-Agent]] may find their requests strictly rate-limited until they identify themselves properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224891] '''Problems''' * Please check if the Flagged Revisions configuration on your wiki is as you expect (or as it was a few weeks ago). If not, please [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Wikimedia-Site-Requests%2CMediaWiki-extensions-FlaggedRevs report it]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225144] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190612T15 12 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/24|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W24"/> 17:07, 10 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19143311 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/25|Tech News: 2019-25]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W25"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/25|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190619T05 19 June at 05:00 (UTC)]. This is to fix a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224516] '''Changes later this week''' * [[:w:en:MIDI|MIDI]] files can soon be played without the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]]. You can then add them with <code><nowiki>[[File:Filename.midi]]</nowiki></code>. Later <code>override_midi</code> and <code>override_audio</code> will stop working. Instead you will need to add the MIDI file below the music score. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T135597] * A new video player will soon replace the old one. You will be able to enable it as a beta feature in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|your preferences]]. It will later be enabled for everyone if there are no big problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148103] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 June. It will be on all wikis from 20 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190619T15 19 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and user scripts still use the old <code>wgEnableAPI</code> and <code>wgEnableWriteAPI</code> values. These values are always true. They will soon be removed. This might break the gadgets and scripts. You should fix your gadgets to not use these values. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/core/+/504076] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/25|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W25"/> 20:38, 17 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19152213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/26|Tech News: 2019-26]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W26"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/26|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki for last week was not fully released due to issues. It was removed from most wikis on Tuesday and from test wikis on Thursday. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-June/092212.html] * Most wikis were slow and then briefly read-only last week due to one of the database servers having a problem. It is now replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225981] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 June. It will be on all wikis from 27 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * You can watch or join the next [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-June/092210.html Wikimedia Language showcase]. It will be about the usage of Machine Translation in Wikimedia projects. The showcase will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190626T13 26 June at 13:00 (UTC)]. A recording will be kept for later viewing * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190626T15 26 June at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/26|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W26"/> 17:30, 24 June 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19168431 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/27|Tech News: 2019-27]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W27"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The development of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Bridge|Wikidata Bridge]] has started. The goal is to allow Wikidata edits from Wikipedia. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-June/013216.html] '''Problems''' * Sometimes pages load slowly for users routed to the Amsterdam data center. Investigation is in progress. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226048] * Wikidata query service was overloaded between 11:50 UTC until 13:15 UTC on June 24. It has been fixed. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20190624-wdqs] '''Changes later this week''' * You will be able to read but not to edit all wikis for a short amount of time, on 3 July at 06:00 (UTC). This is to move a database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226358] * There is no deployment of a new version of MediaWiki on the wikis this week ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190703T15 3 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/27|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W27"/> 21:23, 1 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19175317 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/28|Tech News: 2019-28]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W28"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * For event organizers, if you [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mass_account_creation#Requesting_temporary_lift_of_IP_cap|request a temporary lift of the IP cap]] for mass account creation, this will now also raise the edit rate limit for those new accounts at the event, which will prevent another bottleneck. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204583] * Administrators at all Wiktionary, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource wikis are now able to use the new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_health_initiative/Partial_blocks|partial blocks]] feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218626] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 9 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 10 July. It will be on all wikis from 11 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The design of MediaWiki's software windows will change for desktop users. Layout will be simpler, buttons will be bolder and clearer, and close buttons will be just icons. This is like the mobile design. This will affect ContentTranslation, VisualEditor, TemplateWizard, and other tools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226045] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190710T15 10 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikidata will be in read-only mode on 30 July from 05:00 to 05:30 UTC because of a server switch. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227063] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There will be a change in the name format of new Wikidata RDF dumps starting on 15 July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226153] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/28|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W28"/> 20:13, 8 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19192465 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/29|Tech News: 2019-29]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W29"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The mobile web will get more advanced editing tools. Seven more Wikipedias can use them now. This works for Arabic, Indonesian, Italian, Persian, Japanese, Spanish and Thai Wikipedia. You can try the tools on the mobile web and give feedback. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Advanced_mobile_contribution_options_second_update] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The abuse filter system user will soon do maintenance edits on broken abuse filters. This user is called <code>{{int:abusefilter-blocker}}</code> and has administrator rights. This is meant to fix technical problems. It will not do any other changes. You [[phab:T209565|can read more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 July. It will be on all wikis from 18 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190717T15 17 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android will invite users to add image captions to images on Commons. It will only invite users who have added a number of edits in the app without being reverted. This is to avoid spam and bad edits. You can [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|read more]] and [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks|leave feedback]]. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Village_pump/Archive/2019/03#Edit_action_feed_(Android_Wikipedia_app)] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/29|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W29"/> 15:30, 15 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19199404 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/30|Tech News: 2019-30]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W30"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Communities interested by easing newcomers' first steps can now benefit from the Growth team experiments on their wikis. Check [[mw:Growth/Communities/How to get the Growth experiments on your wiki|the conditions and the request process]]. * The [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2019]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools by July 29. The awarded tools will be presented at Wikimania. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-July/092301.html] '''Problems''' * The release of the last version of MediaWiki (1.34.0-wmf.14) has been blocked for groups 1 and 2. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2019-July/002184.html] '''Changes later this week''' * Phabricator database will be moved to a different server. Writes will be blocked on Thursday 25 July, between 05:30 and 06:00 AM UTC. Reads will remain unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T228243] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 23 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 24 July. It will be on all wikis from 25 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190723T15 24 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Some items in the visual editor]] will change later this week. This will make it easier to edit links, citations, and templates on both desktop and mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225834][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T221247] * With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|advanced search]] turned on you will be able to choose the sorting order of the search results when you do a search. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225479][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T197525] * Users who edit from IP addresses whitelisted on a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Mass_account_creation#Requesting temporary lift of_IP cap|request for temporary lift of the IP cap for mass account creation]] will bypass CAPTCHAs. This will happen in August. If you think this should not happen for some reason, please [[:phab:T227487|let us know]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The variable <code>user_wpzero</code> will be removed from AbuseFilter. [[phab:T227843#5344413|A list of filters needing a fix is provided]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/30|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W30"/> 13:08, 22 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19224936 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/31|Tech News: 2019-31]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W31"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/31|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Wikidata will be in read-only mode on 30 July from 05:00 to 05:30 UTC because of a server switch. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227063] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 31 July. It will be on all wikis from 1 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190731T15 31 July at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/31|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W31"/> 21:42, 29 July 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19235136 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/32|Tech News: 2019-32]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W32"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/32|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 August. It will be on all wikis from 8 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Problems''' *A change in [[mw:Extension:RelatedArticles|RelatedArticles extension]] accidentally enabled it for everyone, not just for mobile users. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T181242][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229644] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190807T15 7 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Today everyone can see [[:w:en:IP addresses|IP addresses]] if someone edits without an account. In the future this could be more hidden. This is to protect unregistered editors so fewer can see their IP address. This would only happen after we make sure the tools for vandal fighting can still be effective. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/32|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W32"/> 13:25, 5 August 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19263690 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/33|Tech News: 2019-33]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W33"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors using the mobile website on Wikipedia can opt-in to new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions|advanced features]] via your settings page. This will give access to more interface links, special pages, and tools. Feedback on the discussion page is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T228916] * Due to the absence of volunteer maintenance of Cologne Blue skin, the link to activate it will be hidden. The skin will still work, but editors using it are encouraged to switch to another skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223824] '''Changes later this week''' * Due to Wikimania, there is no deployment this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments#Week_of_August_12th] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190813T15 13 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The "Wikidata item" link will be moved from "Tools" to "In other projects" section on all Wikimedia projects, starting on August 21. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-August/013316.html Full announcement], [[phab:T66315|Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/33|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W33"/> 18:20, 12 August 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19280448 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/34|Tech News: 2019-34]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W34"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/34|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * There will be no Tech News issue next week. The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 2 September 2019. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some abuse filters stopped working because of a code change. Only variables for the current action will work. Variables defined inside a branch may not work outside of that branch. You can [[phab:T230256|read more]] to see how to fix the filters. * Only six accounts can be created from one [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]] per day. Between 12 August and August 15 this was two accounts per day. This was because of a security issue. It is now six accounts per day again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230521] '''Changes later this week''' * Only a limited number of accounts can be created from one [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]]. An IP address can be [[:w:en:Whitelisting |whitelisted]] so that it can create as many accounts as needed. This is useful at events where many new persons learn to edit. IP addresses that are whitelisted for this reason will also not show [[w:en:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHAs]] when you create accounts. This will happen on Wednesday. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227487] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 20 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 21 August. It will be on all wikis from 22 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190821T15 21 August at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * There is an [[:w:en: Request for Comments|RFC]] about creating a new global user group with the right to edit [[:mw:Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. This will be used to fix broken filters and make sure all filters will still work when software changes happen. You can [[:m:Requests for comment/Creating abusefilter-manager global group|read more and comment]]. * <code>Special:Contributions/newbies</code> will no longer be working. This is because of performance reasons. It showed edits by new accounts. You can see this in the recent changes feed instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T220447] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/34|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W34"/> 15:21, 19 August 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19310286 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/36|Tech News: 2019-36]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W36"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use the new [[wikidata:Wikidata:Development/Termbox|termbox]] interface if you edit Wikidata on a mobile device. This is to edit labels, descriptions and aliases easier on the mobile pages. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2019-August/013355.html] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki has been deployed during the last week. * The previously announced change of positions of the "Wikidata item" link on all wikis has been rollbacked due to unexpected cache issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66315#5431632] * The limit for rollbacks has been increased from 10 to 100 rollbacks per minute. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T228708] * The advanced version of the edit review pages (Recent Changes, Watchlist, and Related Changes) now include two new filters. These filters are for "All contents" and "All discussions". They will filter the view to just those namespaces. However the "All discussions" filter does not include pseudo talk pages, like discussions that are in the ''Project:'' or ''Wikipedia:'' namespaces. But it will include changes happening on ''Project talk:'' or the ''Wikipedia talk:''. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T201520] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-09-03|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-09-04|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-09-05|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). * When you log in, the software checks your password to see if it follows the [[Special:MyLanguage/Password policy|Password policy]]. From this week, it will also complain if your password is one of the most common passwords in the world. If your password is not strong enough, please consider to [[Special:PasswordReset|change your password]] for a [[w:en:Password strength|stronger password]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T151425] '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190904T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-09-04|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikidata for up to 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190910T05 September 10 at 05:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] * You will be able to read but not to edit some mid-sized wikis for up to 30 minutes [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190917T05 September 17 at 05:00 (UTC)]. You can [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wikimedia/operations-mediawiki-config/master/dblists/s2.dblist see which wikis]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] * You will be able to read but not to edit some mid-sized wikis for up to 30 minutes [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190924T05 September 24 at 05:00 (UTC)]. You can [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wikimedia/operations-mediawiki-config/master/dblists/s3.dblist see which wikis]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for up to 30 minutes on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190926T05 September 26 at 05:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230788] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/36|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W36"/> 09:08, 4 September 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=19350205 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/40|Tech News: 2019-40]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/40|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week's Tech News had delivery problems. Some did not get the newsletter. Some got it more than one time. The problem where some pages got it three times should now be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T232379] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-01|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-02|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-03|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191002T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-10-02|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] is working on a [[:m:Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry|watchlist expiry feature]]. This means you can put things on your watchlist for a period of time instead of forever. They are looking for [[:m:Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry#Open Questions|feedback on the questions they have]]. * [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] will get the standard [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. This makes it easier to use on mobile and makes it look like other <code>Special:</code> pages. There is a [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/User:Jdlrobson/compactspecialcontributions.css script] you can use to make the form smaller if you want to. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T117736] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W40"/> 16:51, 30 September 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19425409 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/41|Tech News: 2019-41]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter function]] now has a faster [[w:en:Parsing|parser]]. This is to shorten the waiting time when you save an edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T156095] '''Problems''' * There is a problem in the visual editor when you copy or delete text with footnotes. It will be fixed soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T234489] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 8 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 9 October. It will be on all wikis from 10 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191009T15 9 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Community Wishlist Survey]] has a new format. It will focus on wikis that typically get less support. It will probably go back to the normal format next year. It is not decided exactly how it will work this year. You can [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2020|leave feedback]]. * The [[:w:en:URL|URL]] of the Wikimedia wiki main pages could be changed. This is because the current URLs cause several problems. For example <code>https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page</code> would be <code>https://www.wikidata.org/</code> instead. You can [[phab:T120085|tell the developers]] if this would cause problems for your wiki. * There is a new [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2019/October|technical community newsletter]]. You can read more about the work of Wikimedia's technical community. [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/Subscribe|Subscribe]] to get the information in the future. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[w:en:Outreachy|Outreachy]] is an internship program for groups who are underrepresented in free and open-source software. There are seven Wikimedia projects about coding, documentation and quality assurance in the next round. Persons who fit the criteria [https://www.outreachy.org/apply/project-selection/#wikimedia can apply]. The last day to apply is 5 November. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W41"/> 15:36, 7 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19425409 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/42|Tech News: 2019-42]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use [[:mw: Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions |more advanced editing tools]] on the mobile web. You can turn them on and off in your preferences in the mobile version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233612] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 15 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 16 October. It will be on all wikis from 17 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191016T15 16 October at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[w:en:Internet Explorer|Internet Explorer]] 6 and 7 are no longer [[:mw:Compatibility|supported]]. This means the browsers might start looking a bit weird. They will not get security support. You [[:wikitech:HTTPS/Browser Recommendations|can't read]] Wikimedia wikis in Internet Explorer on Windows XP or Windows versions that are older than Windows XP. This is because almost no one uses the browsers anymore. Supporting them made the wikis less secure for everyone else. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T232563] * In the future section headings might have a share link. This is to make it easier to link to the section. You can [[phab:T18691|read more and discuss]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W42"/> 23:55, 14 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19459969 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/43|Tech News: 2019-43]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W43"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|'''''[[$technews|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[$ambassadors|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[$bot|bot]] • [[$contribute|Contribute]] • [[$translate|Translate]] • [[$tech|Get help]] • [[$talk|Give feedback]] • [[$list|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'']] The [[w:en:Application programming interface|API]] sandbox and help pages now show more clearly when API modules are marked as <code>internal</code>. API modules marked as internal were probably internal before. It was easier to miss. You should look for non-internal alternatives. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185508] '''Problems''' * There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Translate|translation tool]] we use on wikis with more than one language. For a few days it did not create pages for new languages when someone translated a page. The languages did not show in the language bar. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235027] * The history and diffs can show wrong content. This is because of a cache problem. It will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235188] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 22 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 23 October. It will be on all wikis from 24 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.34/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]] will be a beta feature on [[phab:T235083|all Wikipedias and some Wikivoyages]]. It shows you a preview of the footnote when you hover over or click on the number. It has been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191023T15 23 October]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/43|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W43"/> 14:44, 21 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=19479668 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/44|Tech News: 2019-44]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can post proposals for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals until 11 November. You can vote on proposals from 20 November to 2 December. This year the wishlist will focus on Wikibooks, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikispecies, Wikivoyage and Wikinews. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020#newformat|read more]] about the format for this year. * Mobile users now have a specific design for their Watchlist. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T225127][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235414] * You can share feedback and ideas on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project. The goal is to make the interface easier to use for readers and editors without removing any functionality. The Foundation's Readers Web team will work on this over the next two years. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OOUI|OOUI]] now allows using <code>px</code> (pixels) instead of <code>em</code> ([[:w:en:Em (typography)|em]]) for some specific cases. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/design/2019-October/002646.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T220671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-29|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2019-10-31|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191030T15 {{#time:j xg|2019-10-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * There will be no software changes from 19 December to 2 January. The first MediaWiki version next year will come the week of 6 January. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2019-October/092682.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts can access variables about the current page in JavaScript. In 2015, this information was moved from global variables named <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> to <code style="white-space:nowrap;">mw.config</code>. The old global variables will be removed later this year. You can [[Phab:T72470|know more about it and tell the developers]] if you want to try this out on your wiki first. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W44"/> 16:26, 28 October 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19459969 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/45|Tech News: 2019-45]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W45"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] you could see up to 5000 edits at the same time if you edited the [[:w:en:URL|URL]]. This has been lowered to 500. This is to stop requests which break the sites. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T234450] '''Changes later this week''' * <code>MediaWiki:ipb-default-expiry</code> can set the default length to block a user for your wiki. You will be able to use <code>MediaWiki:ipb-default-expiry-ip</code> to set a different default block length for IP editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219126] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 November. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 November. It will be on all wikis from 7 November ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191106T15 6 November at 15:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/45|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W45"/> 16:48, 4 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/46|Tech News: 2019-46]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W46"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex-large.wmflabs.org MediaWiki2LaTeX] can put different pages from a Wikimedia wiki into a [[:w:en:PDF|PDF]]. It can now make a PDF with around 5000 pages. Previously this was 800 pages. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191113T16 13 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia will take part in [[:w:en:Google Code-in|Google Code-in]]. This is for young students who want to help with open source software. You can [[:mw:Google Code-in/2019|read more]]. Experienced technical Wikimedians can mentor students. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/46|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W46"/> 22:04, 11 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/47|Tech News: 2019-47]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W47"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/47|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit some wikis for up to 30 minutes [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191126T06 on 26 November at 06:00 (UTC)]. You can [[phab:T238046|see which wikis]]. It will probably last much shorter than 30 minutes. This will also affect the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CentralAuth|centralauth]]</code> database. This could for example affect changing passwords, logging in to new wikis, changing emails or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CentralAuth/Global rename|global renames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238046] '''Changes later this week''' * You can soon vote on proposals for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can vote on proposals from 20 November to 2 December. This year the wishlist will focus on Wikibooks, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikispecies, Wikivoyage and Wikinews. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020#newformat|read more]] about the format for this year. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191120T16 20 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/47|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W47"/> 20:17, 18 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/48|Tech News: 2019-48]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W48"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * The mobile beta mode will be disabled to have less maintenance. The developers will focus on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|desktop improvements]] project. You can turn on [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mobile contributions mode]] if you want to see the categories. You could also jump back to the top. This can instead be done with a [[w:en:User:Jdlrobson/scripts/backtotop.js|gadget or user script]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237290] * [[:mw:Parsoid|Parsoid]] is software we use for the visual editor, content translation, Flow and the Android app. This has been rewritten. It will come to the wikis gradually over the next two weeks. It has been tested, but there could be some diffs or previews that don't look right. If you see any you can [[phab:T229015|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229015] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 26 November. It will be on the other wikis next week ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). This is because of holidays. '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191127T16 27 November at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You will switch between the article and the talk page in a new way in the mobile view in the future. It will use tabs. This is more like in the desktop view. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230695] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/48|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W48"/> 16:52, 25 November 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19523133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/49|Tech News: 2019-49]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W49"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Mix'n'match|Mix'n'match]] is a tool to connect Wikidata items to information in other databases. It can be used to find subjects that are missing in a Wikipedia. It now has more than 3000 datasets. Before it was closer to 2000. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 3 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 4 December. It will be on all wikis from 5 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191204T16 4 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There will be a new schema for [https://dumps.wikimedia.org/ XML dumps]. Scripts and apps that use them will need to be updated. If they are not updated they will no longer work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code><nowiki>{{REVISIONID}}</nowiki></code> magic word will no longer work in the content namespaces. This is for performance reasons. When you preview a page it returns <code>""</code> (empty string). When you read a page it returns <code>"-"</code> (dash). In the future this will also affect other namespaces. The next ones are file and category namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235957] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/49|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W49"/> 16:59, 2 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19605481 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/50|Tech News: 2019-50]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikimedia projects use [https://translatewiki.net/ Translatewiki] to translate the wiki interface. You can now use [https://tools.wmflabs.org/watch-translations/ WatchTranslations] to watch projects there. You would get an email if there are missing translations to your language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238216] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new dataset you can use. It shows the number of editors per country per month for a number of countries. You can [[:wikitech:Analytics/Data Lake/Edits/Geoeditors/Public|read the documentation]] and [https://dumps.wikimedia.org/other/geoeditors/readme.html download the dataset]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 10 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 11 December. It will be on all wikis from 12 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191211T16 11 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * You can test a new [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Book referencing|reference tool]]. It makes it possible to reference different parts of a source without repeating all information. You can test it on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|beta cluster]]. You can see [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Draft:Cut_the_Crap#cite_ref-3 an example article]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Vc9k7gf9kvqxkkva] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W50"/> 16:39, 9 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19605481 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/51|Tech News: 2019-51]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/51|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Linter|Linter extension]] helps you find technical errors in articles. It did not show new changes last week. This was because of an [[:w:en:Application programming interface|API]] problem. It is now working again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240057] * [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]] can show the wrong information again. It does not always show which edits are read and which are unread. This is because of a database problem. The developers are working on solving the problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218511] '''Changes later this week''' * You can get email notifications. You can get them immediately, a summary every day or a summary once every week. If you choose a summary you can soon choose not to get notifications you have already marked as read on the wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T169386] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 17 December. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 18 December. It will be on all wikis from 19 December ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Meetings''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can join the technical advice meeting on IRC. During the meeting, volunteer developers can ask for advice. The meeting will be on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20191218T16 18 December at 16:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Technical Advice IRC Meeting|how to join]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks|partial blocks]] feature is now stable. It will come to most wikis on 6 January. Your wiki can ask to wait. Contact [[User talk:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] if you don't want it now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218626] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W51"/> 00:18, 17 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19643564 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/52|Tech News: 2019-52]] == <section begin="technews-2019-W52"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/52|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 6 January 2020. '''Recent changes''' * All mobile site users now have new features. Features include: tabs for page/discussion; an expanded user-menu; direct access to history pages. These features were initially part of the "[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mode]]". '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * You can use <code>setlang</code> in the [[:w:en:URL|URL]] to change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:UniversalLanguageSelector|user interface language]]. This will no longer happen automatically. When you open the link you will be asked to confirm the language change. This will not happen if [[:w:en:Javascript|Javascript]] is not working in your browser. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63115] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2019/52|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2019-W52"/> 20:08, 23 December 2019 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19658611 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/02|Tech News: 2020-02]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/02|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * When trying to move a page, if the target title already exists then a warning message is shown. The warning message will now include a link to the target title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184357] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 January. It will be on all wikis from 9 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W02"/> 21:23, 6 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19686133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/03|Tech News: 2020-03]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can no longer read Wikimedia wikis if your browser use very old [[:w:en:Transport Layer Security|TLS]]. This is because it is a security problem for everyone. It can lead to [[:w:en:Downgrade attack|downgrade attacks]]. Since 9 December you just see a warning. Soon the browser will not connect to the wikis at all. Most are users on Android systems older than 4.4. You can read the [[:wikitech:HTTPS/Browser Recommendations|browser recommendations]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T238038] * [[Special:LinkSearch|Special:LinkSearch]] has been moved from the "{{int:specialpages-group-redirects}}" section on [[Special:SpecialPages|Special:SpecialPages]] to the "{{int:specialpages-group-pages}}" section. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242146] '''Changes later this week''' *[[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikis can protect pages so that only some users can edit them. The standard protection levels are {{int:protect-level-autoconfirmed}} and {{int:Protect-level-sysop}}. If your wiki use more protection levels the technical name might be renamed for standardisation. This doesn't affect what users see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230103] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 14 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 15 January. It will be on all wikis from 16 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[:wikitech:Nova Resource:Catgraph/Deepcat|Deepcat]] and [[:wikitech:Nova Resource:Catgraph|Catgraph]] will stop working. This will happen at the end of January. This is because you can now use the normal search function instead. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-January/092936.html] * You can use <code><nowiki><ref follow="…"></nowiki></code> to merge footnotes that follow each other. It is meant to be used for digitised books on Wikisource. If the order of the footnotes is wrong no error was shown but the bad <nowiki><ref></nowiki> was shown outside the <nowiki><references /></nowiki> list. This will change and you will see an error message instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240858] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/03|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W03"/> [[সদস্য:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[সদস্য বাৰ্তা:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:41, 13 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19686133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/04|Tech News: 2020-04]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/04|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 21 January. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 22 January. It will be on all wikis from 23 January ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|new suggestion]] for what to show when someone edits without registering an account. This is to give unregistered editors better privacy and make some anti-vandalism work go faster. You can [[:m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is a Python [[:w:en:Library (computing)|library]] to automate work on wikis. It will no longer support [[:w:en:Python (programming language)|Python 2]]. Use the <code>python2</code> tag if you need to continue running Python 2 scripts. The Pywikibot team strongly recommends to migrate to Python 3. You can [[:phab:T242120|get help]] to do so. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot/2020-January/009976.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The weekly MediaWiki branch cut will soon become automated. The timing for this cut may change. You can discuss [[phab:T242446|in Phabricator]] if this affects you. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-January/092939.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical Community Newsletter/2020/January|read about]] coming technical events and mentoring interns. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W04"/> 19:42, 20 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19732098 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/05|Tech News: 2020-05]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Some mobile diffs have problems. A couple of buttons are not shown. Structured data diffs on Commons are confusing. The developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242310][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243235] * Administrators on wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions|Structured Discussions]] can't move discussion pages. This is a bug. The developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T231783] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * There is JavaScript code on Special:Undelete for administrators that makes it possible to automatically select multiple checkboxes by holding the "Shift" key and clicking. This code is also loaded by accident on other special pages and on articles. This makes pages slower to load. This will be fixed. If you know of other special pages where this is useful please tell the developers at [[phab:T232688]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W05"/> 18:53, 27 January 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19751689 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/06|Tech News: 2020-06]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/06|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 4 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 5 February. It will be on all wikis from 6 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W06"/> 20:05, 3 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19771613 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/07|Tech News: 2020-07]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new version of the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Mobile app|Wikimedia Commons app]] for Android. It should fix the failed uploads problem. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-February/093042.html] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the new MediaWiki version last week. It deleted some messages by accident. The new version was late because it was stopped to fix things. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233866] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|MediaWiki action API]] is used by various tools like bots and gadgets. Some error codes will change. Some parameter values that do not follow the standard will no longer work. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-February/093048.html] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 11 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 12 February. It will be on all wikis from 13 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W07"/> 19:12, 10 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19795497 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/08|Tech News: 2020-08]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W08"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Pages on Wikidata and Commons now load faster. You can read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Performance Team/Page load performance|page load performance]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-February/013827.html][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ResourceLoader/Developing_with_ResourceLoader] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 February. It will be on all wikis from 20 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/08|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W08"/> 16:18, 17 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19816101 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/09|Tech News: 2020-09]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W09"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/09|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 February. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 February. It will be on all wikis from 27 February ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There will be a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|reply button]] after each post on a talk page if you want one. This will soon be a beta feature on the Arabic, French, Dutch and Hungarian Wikipedias. You will have to turn it on if you want to use it. It will come to more wikis later. You can [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Talk:Cats test the reply button]. It was briefly shown earlier than planned by mistake on the four first wikis last week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/09|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W09"/> 21:00, 24 February 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19816101 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/10|Tech News: 2020-10]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/10|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Readers who were not logged in briefly saw the interface in a language decided by their browser. It should normally be in the language of the wiki. This happened for a short period of time last week. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T246071] '''Changes later this week''' * If you forget your password you can ask for a new one to be sent to your email address. You need to know your email address or your username. You will now be able to choose that you need to enter both your email address and your username. This will be a preference. This is to get fewer password reset emails someone else asked for. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Password_Reset_Update] * When you asked for a new password you could see if the username didn't exist on [[Special:PasswordReset|Special:PasswordReset]]. Now the page will show the username you entered and tell you an email has been sent if the username exists. This is for better security. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Password_Reset_Update] * On [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] you can see what other pages link to a page. You can see if the link is from a redirect. You can now see which section the redirect links to. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103281] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-03-03|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-03-04|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-03-05|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers are working on a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|new interface]] to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. You can [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|give feedback]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230231] * There is a [[:m:Abuse filter manager/vote|vote]] on the creation of a new user group called [[:m:Abuse filter manager|abuse filter manager]]. The vote runs from March 1 to March 31 on Meta. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>wgMFSpecialCaseMainPage</code> was used for the mobile site. It was deprecated in 2017. It will stop working in April. Wikis should see if they use it. If they do they should fix it. You can [[phab:T246401|read more and ask for help]]. This affects 183 wikis. There is a [[phab:T246401|list]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Mobile_Gateway/Mobile_homepage_formatting#MFSpecialCaseMainPage] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W10"/> 00:36, 3 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19816101 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/11|Tech News: 2020-11]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new search word called <code>articletopic</code>. You can use it to search for articles on a specific topic. It is available on the Arabic, Czech, English and Vietnamese Wikipedias. It will come to more Wikipedias soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240559][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/ORES/Articletopic][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Search/articletopic] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 10 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 11 March. It will be on all wikis from 12 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is a plan for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|new requirements for user signatures]]. You can [[mw:Talk:New requirements for user signatures|give feedback]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia Android app]] will do [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Push Notifications for editors|push notifications]] if users want them. This could help you see for example when someone wrote on your talk page or your edit was reverted. This will come later this year. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146032] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W11"/> 17:15, 9 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19881740 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/12|Tech News: 2020-12]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|API]] module for changing the content model of existing pages. Use <code>action=changecontentmodel</code> to specify the new model. You can read the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:ChangeContentModel|documentation on mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107174] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 17 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 18 March. It will be on all wikis from 19 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * If you edit a page at the same time as someone else you can get an edit conflict. There is [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Solution: Two Column Edit Conflict View|a new two-column interface]] to make it easier to solve this. It will soon be active by default on the German, Arabic, and Farsi Wikipedias. It will be on by default on more wikis within the next months. You will be able to opt out of the new interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139601][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244863] * You can see [[:mw:Talk pages project/Updates#12 March 2020|a proposed design]] for replying to comments in an easier way. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W12"/> 21:13, 16 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19899639 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/13|Tech News: 2020-13]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W13"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/13|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Some development will be slower than planned. This is because of the [[:w:2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|current pandemic]]. You can see [[:wikitech:Deployments/Covid-19|the new deployment guidelines]]. This is to avoid risks when some persons could be unavailable. * There was a problem when adding interwiki links. The tool you use to add interwiki links could suggest the wrong project to link to. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T247712][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T247562] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 24 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 25 March. It will be on all wikis from 26 March ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Growth|a project]] to make editing easier for newcomers. The developers are trying to understand what initiatives different Wikipedias have to welcome newcomers. They also want to know which templates are often used for maintenance activities. You can help this project by [[mw:Growth/March 2020 inventory|checking if your wiki's pages are listed on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/13|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W13"/> 17:08, 23 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19899639 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/14|Tech News: 2020-14]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W14"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The beta version of the [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android can now help users [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Suggested Edits 4.0 - Tag Commons images to improve search|add tags]] on Commons. These tags are called [[c:Commons:Depicts|depicts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239690] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 31 March. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 1 April. It will be on all wikis from 2 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The video player will change to be simpler and more modern. The current beta feature will become the video player for everyone. The old player will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * There is a project to make templates easier to use. The next few weeks the developers will present ideas on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|project page]]. You can watch that page if you are interested in giving feedback. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-March/093240.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/14|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W14"/> 17:26, 30 March 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19939500 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/15|Tech News: 2020-15]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W15"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/15|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with user pages not being shown properly on desktop. This was because of a bug. It will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248141] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 April. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 April. It will be on all wikis from 9 April ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * MediaWiki will use a newer version of [[:w:en:Unicode|Unicode]]. Some characters that did not have an upper case equivalent before do now. Titles beginning with one of these characters will be moved. A list of these titles can be seen [[phab:P10817|on Phabricator]]. The titles will be renamed by the user <code>Maintenance script</code>. This will start on 13 April 2020. You can rename them before this if you wish and the new title can be different from the one the script would rename it to. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219279] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/15|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W15"/> 19:03, 6 April 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19961136 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/16|Tech News: 2020-16]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W16"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now use the <code>[[:mw:Help:CirrusSearch#Articletopic|articletopic]]</code> search word on all Wikipedias. It searches articles by topic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T240559] * You can see wiki tools in the new [https://tools.wmflabs.org/tools-gallery/ Tools Gallery]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Technical_Community_Newsletter/2020/April] * You can see edits from the [[:wikitech:Help:Cloud Services Introduction|Wikimedia Cloud Services]] in a new [https://wmcs-edits.wmflabs.org/#wmcs-edits dashboard]. * When you use filters on a history page you sometimes don't see any edits. There is a text explaining this now. Before it was just empty. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T227578] * There is a new [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Wikimedia Technical Blog]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_technical_blog_editorial_guidelines] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the Wikidata database last week. Some wikis went down for twenty minutes. Wikidata and other projects showed error messages. Interwiki links were not shown, some tools did not work and other problems. Some of this was fixed quickly. The developers are working on fixing the rest. [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Wikidata:Project_chat&oldid=1153486952#Update_about_the_database_breakage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200407-Wikidata%27s_wb_items_per_site_table_dropped][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249565] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from April 14. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from April 15. It will be on all wikis from April 16 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Some graphs have not worked on mobile. This will soon be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T133085] * The article tab on talk pages of redirects links to the target of the redirect. It could link to the redirect page itself instead. You can [[phab:T5324|leave feedback on this]]. * For pages using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighting]], the use of the deprecated <code><nowiki><source></nowiki></code> tag, as well as the use of the deprecated <code>enclose</code> parameter, will add tracking categories. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/16|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W16"/> 15:31, 13 April 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=19979862 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Tech News: 2020-17]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W17"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 4 May 2020. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[m:Small wiki toolkits|small wiki toolkits]] is to help smaller wikis that need technical skills. They can learn and share technical skills. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-April/093296.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Over-qualified CSS selectors in Wikimedia skins have been removed. <code>div#content</code> is now <code>.mw-body</code>. <code>div.portal</code> is now <code>.portal</code>. <code>div#footer</code> is now <code>#footer</code>. This is so the skins can use [[:w:en:HTML5|HTML5]] elements. If your gadgets or user styles used them you will have to update them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248137] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 8|Internet Explorer 8]] in the future. Internet Explorer 8 was replaced in 2011. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248061] * The font in the diffs will change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T250393] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 28 April next week. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 29 April next week. It will be on all wikis from 30 April next week ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W17"/> 18:46, 20 April 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20001327 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/19|Tech News: 2020-19]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W19"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/19|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[phab:T251153|Some wikis]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 5 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200505T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251153] * [[phab:T251157|Some wikis]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 7 May. This will also affect [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CentralAuth|CentralAuth]]. This can for example affect global renames, password changes, changing or confirming your email address and logging in to new wikis. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200507T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251157] '''Changes later this week''' * You can get a notification when someone links to a page you created. You can soon turn these notifications off for individual pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T46787] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.31|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 5 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 6 May. It will be on all wikis from 7 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/19|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W19"/> 17:00, 4 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20041699 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/20|Tech News: 2020-20]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W20"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Everyone can now import photos from [[w:en:Flickr|Flickr]] to Commons with the [[c:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]]. Before this only autopatrollers on Commons could import photos from Flickr. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90004] '''Problems''' * [[phab:T251502|Commons]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 12 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200512T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251502] * [[phab:T251984|Several wikis including Wikidata]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 19 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200519T05 05:00 UTC]. English Wikipedia will be on read-only for a few minutes on 21 May [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200521T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251984][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251985] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.32|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 12 May. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 13 May. It will be on all wikis from 14 May ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] JavaScript scripts and gadgets can no longer check multiple keys at once via <code>mw.config.exists()</code> or <code>mw.user.tokens.exists()</code>. You can use <code>exists()</code> or <code>get()</code> to check one at a time instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251855] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/20|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W20"/> 20:42, 11 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20078394 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/21|Tech News: 2020-21]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W21"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you forget your password you can ask for a new one to be sent to your email address. You need to know your email address or your username. You can choose that you need to enter both your email address and your username. This is a preference. This is to get fewer password reset emails someone else asked for. This is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Password_Reset_Update#May_11,_2020][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2020-May/094804.html] '''Problems''' * There is a bug that creates problems for iPhone users with [[:w:en:IOS 13|iOS 13]] and [[w:en:Safari (web browser)|Safari]]. If you use an iPhone to read or edit Wikipedia and see bugs on the mobile site you can [[mw:Skin talk:Minerva Neue|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252223] * [[phab:T251984|Several wikis including Wikidata]] will be on read-only for a few minutes on 19 May. This will happen around [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200519T05 05:00 UTC]. English Wikipedia will be on read-only for a few minutes on 21 May [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200521T05 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251984][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T251985] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android can let users [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Suggested Edits 4.0 - Tag Commons images to improve search (to be released May 2020)|add]] [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Depicts|depicts]] on Commons. The beta version used [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data/Computer-aided tagging|computer-aided tagging]]. This was removed to get more specific depicts. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Suggested_Edits_4.0_-_Tag_Commons_images_to_improve_search_(to_be_released_May_2020)] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graphs]] will be [[:w:en:Rendering (computer graphics)|rendered]] in the reader's browser. This will use [[w:en:JavaScript|Javascript]]. Graphs will hopefully work better for everyone who uses Javascript. It will not work for users who don't use Javascript. This will not affect diagrams in image files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236892] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some CSS for the skins has been simplified. This affects <code>div#p-personal</code>, <code>div#p-navigation</code>, <code>div#p-interaction</code>, <code>div#p-tb</code>, <code>div#p-lang</code>, <code>div#p-namespaces</code>, <code>div#p-variants</code> and <code>div#footer</code>. They will have to remove <code>div</code>. You will have to update your gadgets, scripts or user styles. This is so we can use [[:w:en:HTML5|HTML5]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252467] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some CSS for [[mw:Skin:Vector|the Vector skin]] has been changed. This affects <code>#p-variants</code>, <code>#p-namespaces</code>, <code>#p-personal</code>, <code>#p-views</code> and <code>#p-cactions</code>. They can no longer use <code>> ul</code>. You might need to update your gadgets, scripts or user styles. [[phab:T252447|See how]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W21"/> 17:20, 18 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20078394 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/22|Tech News: 2020-22]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W22"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/22|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * The visual editor will now work in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Modern|Modern skin]]. The changes that needed to happen for this to work could cause problems for some scripts or gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177243] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from May 26. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from May 27. It will be on all wikis from May 28 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/22|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W22"/> 14:18, 25 May 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20114992 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/23|Tech News: 2020-23]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W23"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new beta version of the [[:c:Commons:Mobile app|Wikimedia Commons app]] for Android. It has a new zoom function when you look at images. It can also suggest places when you upload geotagged photos. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-May/093431.html] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the Commons database on 27 May. Commons could not be edited for eight minutes. Because of this problem the database was moved. This caused another short read-only time on 29 May. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200528-s4_(commonswiki)_on_read-only_for_8_minutes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253808][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253825] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector skin]] had a problem where you couldn't add links to the article in other languages. You couldn't see the section if there were no links to other languages already. It also removed [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation]] links and links to language settings. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252800] '''Changes later this week''' * You can get a notification when someone links to a page you created. You can turn these notifications off for individual pages. You can soon turn them off also in the notifications you get. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T46787] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.35|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 2 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 3 June. It will be on all wikis from 4 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/23|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W23"/> 22:32, 1 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20114992 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|Tech News: 2020-24]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W24"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some articles have tables that can be sorted in different ways. For example a list of countries can be sorted alphabetically but you can click on the size column to sort them by size. If you clicked on the column a second time it would sort the countries from the bottom to the top instead. A third click will now take you back to the original sorting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226697] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint_errors/self-closed-tag|Self-closed tags]] now work as in the [[:w:en:HTML5|HTML5]] specifications. This means you should stop using some of them. <code><nowiki><b/></nowiki></code> is an example of a self-closed tag that won't work. <code>area, base, br, col, embed, hr, img, input, keygen, link, meta, param, source, track, wbr</code> can be self-closed. Pages with tags that should not be self-closed have been listed in [[:wikidata:Q25885956|a tracking category]] since 2016. They will be listed in [[Special:LintErrors/self-closed-tag]]. This doesn't affect <code><nowiki><references /></nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki><ref /></nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T134423] * There is a banner called <code>WikidataPageBanner</code>. It is for example used by the Wikivoyages, Wikimedia Russia and the Catalan, Basque, Galician and Turkish Wikipedias. It will now been seen by mobile visitors too. Before this it was only seen on desktop. The wikis should update instructions on <code>MediaWiki:Sitenotice</code> so that editors know to test and style for mobile too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254534][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254295] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can now edit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] descriptions through the [[:w:en:Application programming interface|API]]. This is useful for tools and gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226929] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.36|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 9 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 10 June. It will be on all wikis from 11 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A temporary fix helped wikis make their main pages more mobile friendly. This was in 2012. It has not been recommended since 2017. It will not work after 13 July. Wikis should use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] instead. 118 wikis need to fix this. You can [[phab:T254287|read more and see if your wiki is affected]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254287] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W24"/> 21:12, 8 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20156271 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/25|Tech News: 2020-25]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W25"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[m:Toolforge|Toolforge]] hosts several tools created by the Wikimedia community like edit counters or enhanced editors. It is changing the domain from '''tools.wmflabs.org''' to '''toolforge.org'''. The routing scheme is moving from '''tools.wmflabs.org/toolname''' to '''toolname.toolforge.org'''. You can [[:wikitech:News/Toolforge.org|read the details]]. Tools that use OAuth will have to be updated to keep working. You can [[:wikitech:Help:Cloud_ Services Introduction|ask for help]]. '''Problems''' * There is a Wikidata item link in the sidebar on many pages. This disappeared for a couple of days for users who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|Monobook]] skin. This was because of a bug. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254485] * Editing, logging in and logging out didn't work properly for a short period of time last week. It was soon fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T255179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 16 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 17 June. It will be on all wikis from 18 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is a Python [[:w:en:Library (computing)|library]] to automate work on wikis. It will not support [[:w:en:Python (programming language)|Python 2]] after the new version in July. Support for Python 3.4 and MediaWiki below 1.19 will also be dropped. You should migrate to Python 3. You can [[:phab:T242120|ask for help]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot-announce/2020-June/000015.html] * The selectors <code>.menu</code> and <code>.vectorMenu</code> will no longer work in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector]] skin. This can affect gadgets and user scripts. <code>.menu</code> should be replaced by <code>ul</code>. <code>.vectorMenu</code> should be replaced by <code>.vector-menu</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254797] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/25|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W25"/> 21:38, 15 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20156271 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|Tech News: 2020-26]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W26"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|new tools]] to make it easier for newcomers to start editing. They are available on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/growthexperiments.dblist some wikis]. These wikis had a problem with the visual editor for a short period of time last week. This was because of a bug in the new tools. It was soon fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T255607] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some user scripts and gadgets stopped working because of a change to [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] selectors. <code>.vectorTabs</code> should be replaced with <code>.vector-menu-tabs</code> to fix this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T255718] '''Changes later this week''' * The developers are working on a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|new interface]] to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This will be released on 24 June. You can [[mw:mw:Help talk:Paragraph-based Edit Conflict Interface|give feedback]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230231] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.38|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 23 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 24 June. It will be on all wikis from 25 June ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A temporary fix helped wikis make their main pages more mobile friendly. This was in 2012. It has not been recommended since 2017. It will not work after 13 July. Wikis should use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] instead. 91 wikis still need to fix this. You can [[phab:T254287|read more and see if your wiki is affected]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254287] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W26"/> 18:49, 22 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20156271 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|Tech News: 2020-27]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W27"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Everyone was logged out. This was because a few users saw the wikis as if they were logged in to someone else's account. The problem should be fixed now. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-June/093543.html] * Some readers didn't see new edits to pages. If the page had been recently changed they saw an older version of the page instead. This only affected readers who were logged out. It lasted for ten days. It has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.39|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 30 June. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 1 July. It will be on all wikis from 1 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Modern|Modern]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Monobook|Monobook]] skins use the ID <code>searchGoButton</code> for the go button. This is <code>searchButton</code> for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector]]. To have the same ID for all skins it will change to <code>searchButton</code> in Monobook and Modern too. This will affect gadgets and user scripts. It will happen on 23 July. They should be updated to use <code>searchButton</code>. You can [[phab:T255953|read more and see a list of affected scripts]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W27"/> 16:31, 29 June 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/28|Tech News: 2020-28]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W28"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/28|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguageExtension:Score|Score]] extension has been disabled for now. This is because of a security issue. It will work again as soon as the security issue has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257066] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.40|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 7 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 8 July. It will be on all wikis from 9 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Abstract Wikipedia is a new Wikimedia project. It will collect language-independent information that can be easily read in different languages. It builds on Wikidata. The name is preliminary. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|read more]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093571.html] * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]] developers are thinking about new experimental tools. If you use an iPhone you can help them by [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/2020 survey|answering the survey]]. * Some [[mw:New requirements for user signatures#Outcome|rules for user signatures]] will soon be enforced. [[Special:LintErrors|Lint errors]] and invalid HTML will no longer be allowed in user signatures. Nested substitution will not be allowed. A link to your user page, user talk page or user contributions will be required. You can [https://signatures.toolforge.org/check check if your signature works with the new rules]. This is because the signatures can cause problems for tools or other text on the page. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/28|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W28"/> 20:19, 6 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/29|Tech News: 2020-29]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W29"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users can [[mw:Extension:Thanks|thank]] others for their edits. [[mw:Extension:CheckUser|Checkusers]] can now see user data related to that action. This can help identify [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] who harass others using thanks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252226] '''Problems''' * Everyone was logged out a couple of weeks ago to fix a security problem. The problem was not entirely fixed. Because of this everyone was logged out once again last week. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-June/093543.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2020-July/002327.html] '''Changes later this week''' * Wikis that are not for one specific language can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|translate]] pages. Sometimes parts of translations are outdated or missing. Outdated translations are marked with a <span style="background-color:#fdd">pink background</span>. Missing translations will also be marked in the future. This markup can sometimes break things. It can soon be disabled by using <code><translate nowrap></translate></code> on the source page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256625] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/wmf.41|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 14 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 15 July. It will be on all wikis from 16 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikimedia code review plans to use [[:w:en:GitLab|GitLab]]. It would be hosted on Wikimedia servers. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093577.html][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Technical_Community_Newsletter/2020/July][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Vpbt50rwxgb2r6qn][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093607.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/29|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W29"/> 16:30, 13 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Tech News: 2020-30]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W30"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A temporary fix helped wikis make their main pages more mobile friendly. This was in 2012. It has not been recommended since 2017. The mobile main page special casing stopped working 14 July. 60 wikis now have main pages that don't work well on mobile. You can see which ones, how to fix it and how to get help [[phab:T254287|in Phabricator]]. This is the same problem that was reported in Tech News [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/24|2020/24]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/26|2020/26]]. '''Problems''' * There is a problem with the interlanguage links. The interlanguage links are the links that help you find a specific page in a different language. The sorting is broken. The developers are working on a solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257625] * Some users keep getting the notifications for the same event. Some of these are old events. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257714] * Some users have trouble logging in. This is probably a [[:w:en:HTTP cookie|browser cookie]] problem. The developers are working on understanding the problem. If you have trouble logging in you can see the details [[phab:T258121|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258121] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 21 July. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 22 July. It will be on all wikis from 23 July ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * There is a <code>{{int:printableversion}}</code> link. This will disappear. That is because web browsers today can create a printable version or show how it will look in print anyway. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167956] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W30"/> 19:06, 20 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/31|Tech News: 2020-31]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W31"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Small wiki toolkits/Starter kit|Starter kit]] is now available for wiki communities. This page lists technical resources, tools, and recommendations. These are essential to operate a wiki project. This is mostly useful for smaller wikis where the community has limited experience with this. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093633.html] * The first features of the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project are available for logged-in users on all wikis. In order to use them, uncheck ''{{int:prefs-vector-enable-vector-1-label}}'' in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|local]] or [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|global]] preferences in section ''{{int:prefs-skin-prefs}}''. More improvements are planned. [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Feedback is welcome]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] On multiple wikis, a UTCLiveClock gadget is available. For wikis that import the gadget [[:mw:MediaWiki:Gadget-UTCLiveClock.js|directly from mediawiki.org]], end users can now [[mw:MediaWiki_talk:Gadget-UTCLiveClock.js#Time_zones|choose a different timezone to show instead of UTC]]. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The deployment train for MediaWiki has been blocked this week. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-July/093640.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257969] * Translation Notification Bot was sending the same message multiple times to every translator. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144780] * Some users were receiving the same notification multiple times. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257766] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from July 28. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from July 29. It will be on all wikis from JUly 30 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.35/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/31|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W31"/> 13:53, 27 July 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20228133 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/32|Tech News: 2020-32]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W32"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/32|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * All queries to the [[mw:Wikidata Query Service|Wikidata Query Service]] failed between 17:50 and 17:59 UTC on Thursday 23 July. Some queries failed during a longer period. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200723-wdqs-outage] * Interlanguage links were ordered incorrectly for the past few weeks. This problem was also mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/30|Tech News two weeks ago]]. The problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257625] * There is a problem with the [[Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|global preferences]] for the "{{int:prefs-vector-enable-vector-1-label}}" option. Developers are working on fixing it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258493] * A bug in the Wikibase extension had disabled the "move" and "create" types of protection in the main (Gallery) namespace on Wikimedia Commons. New protections could not be added, and existing protections were not enforced, allowing some page moves and page creations that should not have been possible. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258323] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS Player|video player]] will change to be simpler and more modern. This week, the current beta feature will become the video player for everyone on most non-Wikipedia wikis. The old player will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * Users' <code>global.js</code> and <code>global.css</code> pages will now also be loaded on the mobile site. You can read [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalCssJs#Per-skin_customization|documentation]] for how to avoid applying styles to the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138727] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|MonoBook]] skin, the <code>searchGoButton</code> identifier is now <code>searchButton</code>. This may affect CSS and JS gadgets. Migration instructions can be found in [[phab:T255953|T255953]]. This was previously mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/27|issue 27]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bot operators can use Pywikibot to regularly archive discussions. The behavior when the bot uses <code>counter</code> to prevent large archives was changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T215247] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from August 4. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from August 5. It will be on all wikis from August 6 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/32|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W32"/> 15:43, 3 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20336426 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/33|Tech News: 2020-33]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W33"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter and FileExporter]] became standard features on all Wikis during the first week of August. They help you transfer files from local wikis to Wikimedia Commons with the original file information and history intact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140462] '''Problems''' * The mobile skin displays a message at the bottom of the page about who edited last. This message showed raw wikitext. This has now been fixed. Some messages in [[mw:Structured Discussions|Structured Discussions]] and [[mw:Content translation|content translation]] may still appear as raw wikitext. Developers are working on it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259565] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from August 11. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from August 12. It will be on all wikis from August 13 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 1. This is planned between 13:30 and 15:30 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243314][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244808] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/33|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W33"/> 16:06, 10 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tech_News_target_list_8&oldid=20353642 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/34|Tech News: 2020-34]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W34"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you revert an edit using the undo link your edit is marked with an <code>undo</code> tag. This will now only happen if you don't change anything in the edit window before publishing the undo. This is to keep users from marking edits as undos when they actually do something else. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259014] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OOUI|OOUI version]] will not work with [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 8|Internet Explorer 8]]. This means the wikis will look strange and not work well in Internet Explorer 8. This was reported in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/17|Tech/News/2020/17]]. This is because keeping the wikis working with very old browsers creates other problems. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-August/093718.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 18 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 19 August. It will be on all wikis from 20 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 1. This is planned between 13:30 and 15:30 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis next week. This is a reminder. You can help by [[m:Tech/Server switch 2020|translating the announcement message]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243314][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244808] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/34|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W34"/> 20:41, 17 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20366028 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Tech News: 2020-35]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W35"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 August. It will be on all wikis from 27 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W35"/> 17:59, 24 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20389773 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Tech News: 2020-35]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W35"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 25 August. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 26 August. It will be on all wikis from 27 August ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/35|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W35"/> 11:12, 26 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20389773 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/36|Tech News: 2020-36]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W36"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/36|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * This is a reminder. All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 1. This is planned between 14:00 and 15:00 UTC. Please check on the details on [[m:Tech/Server switch 2020|the announcement message]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243314][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T244808] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/36|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W36"/> 20:12, 31 August 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20411995 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/37|Tech News: 2020-37]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W37"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/37|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * Normally pages can be moved to a title that has no existing page yet or to a page that has only one revision, which is a redirect to the page to be moved. A new user right allows editors to move pages over one-revision pages that redirect to anywhere. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239277] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 8 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 9 September. It will be on all wikis from 10 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] All MediaWiki [[:w:en:API|API]] modules will now use <code>watchlist</code> instead of <code>watch</code>. This was inconsistent before. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T247915] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]] team might work on patrolling tools in the future. You can let them know what tools would be useful for you or for less experienced patrollers. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Patrolling conversation|page on mediawiki.org]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/OTRS|OTRS]] will be updated to a new version. This will probably take around two days. OTRS agents will not have access to the system during these days. Emails that come in during the update will be delivered when the update is done. The plan is to start around 08:00 UTC on 14 September. This could change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187984] * The Wikipedia Android app will send [[:mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/AppEditorTasks#Push Notifications for editors|push notifications]] if users want them. This could help you see for example when someone wrote on your talk page or your edit was reverted. This will need [[:w:en:Google Play Services|Google Play Services]] to work. It will also be possible to get the app without Google Play Services but push notifications will not work. Google Play Services is also used to make the app work for [[:w:en:Android KitKat|Android 4.4]] users. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android#Updates][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146032] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Wikimedia code review could move to [[:w:en:GitLab|GitLab]]. It would be hosted on Wikimedia servers. You can take part in the [[mw:GitLab consultation|consultation]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Dropdown menus in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|the Vector skin]] use a <code>.menu</code> class. This will not work in the future. Scripts can use <code>nav ul</code> instead. <code>.vectorTabs</code> and <code>.vectorMenu</code> will also not work. Some scripts need to be updated. You can [[phab:T262092|read more in Phabricator]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/37|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W37"/> 16:00, 7 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20427670 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Tech News: 2020-38]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia apps]] briefly showed pages without [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] last week. This meant they looked wrong. It was quickly fixed but cached pages without CSS were shown for a few hours. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200909-mobileapps_config_change][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262437] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 15 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 16 September. It will be on all wikis from 17 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W38"/> 16:19, 14 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20446737 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Tech News: 2020-38]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W38"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia apps]] briefly showed pages without [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] last week. This meant they looked wrong. It was quickly fixed but cached pages without CSS were shown for a few hours. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/20200909-mobileapps_config_change][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262437] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 15 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 16 September. It will be on all wikis from 17 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/38|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W38"/> 00:19, 15 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20446737 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/39|Tech News: 2020-39]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W39"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new tag for reverted edits. For example you can see it in the recent changes feed or in the article history. It is added to edits when they have been undone, rollbacked or manually reverted to an older version of the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254074][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164307] '''Changes later this week''' * The number of times you can do something in a period of time on wiki is limited. This could be the number of edits per minute or the number of users you email in a day. Some users are not affected by all limits because of their user rights. They could soon see the limit even if it does not affect them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258888] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 22 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 23 September. It will be on all wikis from 24 September ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/39|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W39"/> 21:28, 21 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20461072 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/40|Tech News: 2020-40]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W40"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Admins can now see links to diffs of deleted revisions on [[Special:AbuseLog|Special:AbuseLog]]. This uses the interface of [[Special:Undelete|Special:Undelete]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261630] * Editors are automatically added to some user groups. For example editors are added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed users]] when they have edited enough times and long enough. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|Abuse filters]] can hinder users from automatically getting user rights for a period of time. They can also remove rights user have. Wikis can now ask to change how long this period of time is for their wiki [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projectPHIDs=Wikimedia-Site-requests in Phabricator]. It is currently five days. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T231756] '''Problems''' * [[m:Tech/News/2019/34|Last year]] some abuse filters stopped working because of a new change. If they tried to use variables that were unavailable for that action they would fail. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T230256] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 29 September. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 30 September. It will be on all wikis from 1 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can't see the language links to other language versions from the talk page or history page. They are also not shown when you edit an article. This could change. It is not decided if for example the history page should link to another history page or to the article. You can take part in the [[phab:T262472|discussion in Phabricator]]. * The link colours could change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. You can [[phab:T213778|read more in Phabricator]]. * In your preferences you can choose to get different notifications on the web or by email. You will see <code>Apps</code> as one of the alternatives later this week. This is because the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps|Android and iOS Wikipedia apps]] will use push notifications for those who want them. You can see the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo preferences] on the test wiki. The goal is to have push notifications on Android in October and on iOS in early 2021. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262936] * You can soon put pages on your watchlist for a limited time. This could be useful if you want to watch something for a shorter time but don't want it on your watchlist forever. It now works on [[mw:MediaWiki|mediawiki.org]] and will come to more wikis later. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry|read more]] and [[m:Community Tech/Watchlist Expiry/Release Schedule|see when it will come to other wikis]]. * You can see what Wikimedians think are the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|best new technical tools this year]]. You can also nominate them. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/40|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W40"/> 21:24, 28 September 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20483264 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Tech News: 2020-41]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [https://consultation-stats.toolforge.org/ new tool] where you can see which home wiki users have in discussions on Meta. This can help show which communities are not part of the discussion on wikis where we make decisions that affect many other wikis. * You can now thank users for file uploads or for changing the language of a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254992] '''Problems''' * There were many errors with the new MediaWiki version last week. The new version was rolled back. Updates that should have happened last week are late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263177] * Everyone was logged out. This was because a user reported being logged in to someone else's account. The problem should be fixed now. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093922.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Many pages have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2020/09/28/diving-into-wikipedias-ocean-of-errors/ read more] and now [[:w:en:User:Jdlrobson/User scripts with client errors|see a list of user scripts with errors]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 October. It will be on all wikis from 8 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Letters immediately after a link are shown as part of the link. For example the entire word in <code><nowiki>[[Child]]ren</nowiki></code> is linked. On Arabic wikis this works at both the start and end of a word. Previously on Arabic wikis numbers and other non-letter Unicode characters were shown as part of the link at the start of a word but not at the end. Now only Latin and Arabic letters will extend links on Arabic wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263266] '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 27 October around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W41"/> 16:25, 5 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20515061 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Tech News: 2020-41]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W41"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [https://consultation-stats.toolforge.org/ new tool] where you can see which home wiki users have in discussions on Meta. This can help show which communities are not part of the discussion on wikis where we make decisions that affect many other wikis. * You can now thank users for file uploads or for changing the language of a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254992] '''Problems''' * There were many errors with the new MediaWiki version last week. The new version was rolled back. Updates that should have happened last week are late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263177] * Everyone was logged out. This was because a user reported being logged in to someone else's account. The problem should be fixed now. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093922.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Many pages have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2020/09/28/diving-into-wikipedias-ocean-of-errors/ read more] and now [[:w:en:User:Jdlrobson/User scripts with client errors|see a list of user scripts with errors]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 6 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 7 October. It will be on all wikis from 8 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Letters immediately after a link are shown as part of the link. For example the entire word in <code><nowiki>[[Child]]ren</nowiki></code> is linked. On Arabic wikis this works at both the start and end of a word. Previously on Arabic wikis numbers and other non-letter Unicode characters were shown as part of the link at the start of a word but not at the end. Now only Latin and Arabic letters will extend links on Arabic wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263266] '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 27 October around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/41|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W41"/> 17:25, 5 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20515061 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/42|Tech News: 2020-42]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W42"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/42|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Because of the problems with the MediaWiki version two weeks ago last week's updates are also late. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263177][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263178][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-October/093944.html] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Live preview|Live previews]] didn't show the templates used in the preview if you just edited a section. This has now been fixed. You can also test [[w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] pages even if you have the live preview enabled. Previously this didn't work well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T102286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from 13 October. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from 14 October. It will be on all wikis from 15 October ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] A new stable version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] is coming soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/pywikibot/2020-October/010056.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/42|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W42"/> 15:25, 12 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20528295 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/43|Tech News: 2020-43]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W43"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/43|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-10-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-10-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-10-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 {{#time:j xg|2020-10-27|en}} around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, the <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> function will be updated soon so that it does not remove the "space" character. Wikis are advised to wrap all the uses of <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> with <code dir=ltr>rmwhitespace()</code> wherever necessary to keep filters' behavior unchanged. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263024] * Some gadgets and user-scripts use the HTML div with the ID <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap;">#jump-to-nav</code>. This div will be removed soon. Maintainers should replace these uses with either <code dir=ltr>#siteSub</code> or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap;">#mw-content-text</code>. A list of affected scripts is at the top of [[phab:T265373]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/43|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W43"/> 16:32, 19 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20550811 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Tech News: 2020-44]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 October 27 around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] * Last week, links to "diffs" from mobile watchlists and recentchanges were linking to page-revisions instead of diffs. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265654] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Since the introduction of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrators]] user group in 2018, administrators couldn’t view the deleted history of CSS/JS pages. Now they can. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202989] * There was a problem with the [[Special:Tags|Change Tags]]. The software would apply the "{{int:Tag-mw-reverted}}" tag to any page actions such as page-protection changes if they came directly after a reverted edit. This has now been fixed for new edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265312] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|Reply tool]] will be offered as an opt-in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] on most Wikipedias in November. Another announcement will be made once the date is finalized. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W44"/> 17:39, 26 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20574890 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Tech News: 2020-44]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W44"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit the wikis for up to an hour on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 October 27 around 14:00 (UTC)]. It will probably be shorter than an hour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264364] * Last week, links to "diffs" from mobile watchlists and recentchanges were linking to page-revisions instead of diffs. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265654] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Since the introduction of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrators]] user group in 2018, administrators couldn’t view the deleted history of CSS/JS pages. Now they can. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202989] * There was a problem with the [[Special:Tags|Change Tags]]. The software would apply the "{{int:Tag-mw-reverted}}" tag to any page actions such as page-protection changes if they came directly after a reverted edit. This has now been fixed for new edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265312] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|Reply tool]] will be offered as an opt-in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] on most Wikipedias in November. Another announcement will be made once the date is finalized. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/44|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W44"/> 19:23, 26 October 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20574890 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/45|Tech News: 2020-45]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W45"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can no longer read Wikimedia wikis if your browser uses very old [[:w:en:Transport Layer Security|TLS]]. This is because it is a security problem for everyone. It could lead to [[:w:en:Downgrade attack|downgrade attacks]]. Since October 29, 2020, users who use old TLS versions will not be able to connect to Wikimedia projects. A list of [[:wikitech:HTTPS/Browser Recommendations|browser recommendations]] is available. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258405] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new automatic [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking categories|tracking category]] available: [[:{{ns:14}}:{{MediaWiki:nonnumeric-formatnum}}|Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments]]. It collects pages which use the <code><nowiki>{{formatnum}}</nowiki></code> parser function with invalid (non-numeric) input, ''e.g.'' <code><nowiki>{{formatnum:TECHNEWS}}</nowiki></code>. Note that <code><nowiki>{{formatnum:123,456}}</nowiki></code> is also invalid input: as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#formatnum|documentation]], the argument should be <u>unformatted</u> so that it can be reliably and correctly localised. The tracking category will help identify problematic usage and double-formatting. The new tracking category's name can be [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&showMessage=nonnumeric-formatnum&group=core&optional=1&action=translate translated at translatewiki]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237467] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from November 3. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from November 4. It will be on all wikis from November 5 ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Administrators and stewards will be able to use a special page (Special:CreateLocalAccount) to force local account creation for a global account. This is useful when account creation is blocked for that user (by a block or a filter). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259721] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|Reply tool]] will be offered as an opt-in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] on most Wikipedias on November 4. This change excludes the English, Russian, and German-language Wikipedias, plus a few smaller Wikipedias with special circumstances. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|the help page]] and [[mw:Help:DiscussionTools/Why can't I reply to this comment?|the troubleshooting guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266303] '''Future changes''' * A discussion has been restarted about using a Unicode minus sign (− U+2212) in the output of <code><nowiki>{{formatnum}}</nowiki></code> when it is given a negative argument. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T10327] * In the future [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|IP addresses of unregistered users will not be shown for everyone]]. They will get an alias instead. There will be a new user right or an opt-in function for more vandal fighters to see the IPs of unregistered users. There would be some criteria for who gets the user right or opt-in. There will also be other new tools to help handle vandalism. This is early in the process and the developers are still collecting information from the communities before they suggest solutions. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/45|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W45"/> 16:10, 2 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20604769 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/46|Tech News: 2020-46]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W46"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/46|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * You can see [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|reference previews]]. This shows a preview of the footnote when you hover over it. This has been a [[mw:Beta Features|beta feature]]. It will move out of beta and be enabled by default. There will be an option not to use it. The developers are looking for small or medium-sized wikis to be the first ones. You can [[m:User talk:Michael Schönitzer (WMDE)|let them know]] if your wiki is interested. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2020-November/002373.html] * From November 16 the categories will not be sorted in order for a short time. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|internationalisation library]]. They will use a script to fix the existing categories. This can take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264991][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/46|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W46"/> 15:50, 9 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20634159 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/47|Tech News: 2020-47]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W47"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 16 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for most languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T264991][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] '''Changes later this week''' * If you merged two pages in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespace]] where pages can't redirect this used to break the merge history. This will now be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T93469] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-11-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-11-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-11-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey]] is now open for proposals. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. You can post proposals from 16 to 30 November. You can vote on proposals from 8 December to 21 December. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/47|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W47"/> 15:37, 16 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20669023 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/48|Tech News: 2020-48]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W48"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Timestamps in [[Special:Log|Special:Log]] are now links. They go to Special:Log for only that entry. This is how timestamps work on for example the history page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T207562] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikimedia [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] hosts technical projects for the Wikimedia movement. Developers need to [[wikitech:News/Cloud VPS 2020 Purge|claim projects]] they use. This is because old and unused projects are removed once a year. Unclaimed projects can be shut down from 1 December. Unclaimed projects can be deleted from 1 January. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-November/094054.html] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/48|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W48"/> 17:19, 23 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20698111 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/49|Tech News: 2020-49]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W49"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/49|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]] will show readers more of the article history. They can see new updates and easier see how the article has changed over time. This is an experiment. It will first be shown only to some iOS app users as a [[:w:en:A/B testing|test]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T241253][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Breaking_Down_the_Wall] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[wikitech:Wiki replicas|Wiki Replicas]] can be used for [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries. You can use [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ Quarry], [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS PAWS] or other ways to do this. To make the Wiki Replicas stable there will be two changes. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work. You can also only query a database if you connect to it directly. This will happen in February 2021. If you think this affects you and you need help you can [[phab:T268498|post on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Wiki_Replicas_2020_Redesign] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/49|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W49"/> 17:45, 30 November 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20728523 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Tech News: 2020-50]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W50"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now put pages on your watchlist for a limited period of time. Some wikis already had this function. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Tech/Watchlist_Expiry][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Watchlist_expiry] '''Changes later this week''' * Information from Wikidata that is used on a wiki page can be shown in recent changes and watchlists on a Wikimedia wiki. To see this you need to turn on showing Wikidata edits in your watchlist in the preferences. Changes to the Wikidata description in the language of a Wikimedia wiki will then be shown in recent changes and watchlists. This will not show edits to languages that are not relevant to your wiki. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikidata/2020-November/014402.html][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191831] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 8 December and 21 December. The survey decides what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/50|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W50"/> 16:15, 7 December 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20754641 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Tech News: 2020-51]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W51"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. It was released in India in September. It can now be downloaded in other countries too. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/12/10/growing-wikipedias-reach-with-an-app-for-kaios-feature-phones/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2020-12-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/51|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W51"/> 21:34, 14 December 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20803489 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Tech News: 2020-52]] == <section begin="technews-2020-W52"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 11 January 2021. '''Recent changes''' * The <code><nowiki>{{citation needed}}</nowiki></code> template shows when a statement in a Wikipedia article needs a source. If you click on it when you edit with the visual editor there is a popup that explains this. Now it can also show the reason and when it was added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270107] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * You can [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Ideas|propose and discuss]] what technical improvements should be done for geographic information. This could be coordinates, maps or other related things. * Some wikis use [[mw:Writing systems/LanguageConverter|LanguageConverter]] to switch between writing systems or variants of a language. This can only be done for the entire page. There will be a <code><nowiki><langconvert></nowiki></code> tag that can convert a piece of text on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263082] * Oversighters and stewards can hide entries in [[Special:AbuseLog|Special:AbuseLog]]. They can soon hide multiple entries at once using checkboxes. This works like hiding normal edits. It will happen in early January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2020/52|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2020-W52"/> 20:54, 21 December 2020 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20833836 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Tech News: 2021-02]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W02"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can choose to be reminded when you have not added an edit summary. This can be done in your preferences. This could conflict with the [[:w:en:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]]. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12729] * You can link to specific log entries. You can get these links for example by clicking the timestamps in the log. Until now, such links to private log entries showed no entry even if you had permission to view private log entries. The links now show the entry. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269761] * Admins can use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filter tool]] to automatically prevent bad edits. Three changes happened last week: ** The filter editing interface now shows syntax errors while you type. This is similar to JavaScript pages. It also shows a warning for regular expressions that match the empty string. New warnings will be added later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T187686] ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:Oversighters|Oversighters]] can now hide multiple filter log entries at once using checkboxes on [[Special:AbuseLog]]. This is how the usual revision deletion works. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260904] ** When a filter matches too many actions after it has been changed it is "throttled". The most powerful actions are disabled. This is to avoid many editors getting blocked when an administrator made a mistake. The administrator will now get a notification about this "throttle". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a new tool to [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/add build new skins]. You can also [https://skins.wmflabs.org/?#/ see] existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Skins|skins]]. You can [[mw:User talk:Jdlrobson|give feedback]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2020-December/094130.html] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Bots using the API no longer watch pages automatically based on account preferences. Setting the <code>watchlist</code> to <code>watch</code> will still work. This is to reduce the size of the watchlist data in the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T258108] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto's]] [[:mw:Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#File metadata|file metadata]] now includes length. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209679] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] and [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code pages now have link anchors to [https://patchdemo.wmflabs.org/wikis/40e4795d4448b55a6d8c46ff414bcf78/w/index.php/MediaWiki:En.js#L-125 line numbers]. You can use wikilinks like [[:w:en:MediaWiki:Common.js#L-50]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29531] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] There was a [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki last week. You can read [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.25/Changelog|a detailed log]] of all 763 changes. Most of them are very small and will not affect you. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/02|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W02"/> 15:42, 11 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20950047 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Tech News: 2021-03]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W03"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth team]] plans to add features to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer tasks/Experiment analysis, November 2020|get more visitors to edit]] to more Wikipedias. You can help [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&group=ext-growthexperiments&language=&filter=&action=translate translating the interface]. * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|MassMessage]] posts could be automatically timestamped in the future. This is because MassMessage senders can now send pages using MassMessage. Pages are more difficult to sign. If there are times when a MassMessage post should not be timestamped you can [[phab:T270435|let the developers know]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/03|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W03"/> 16:10, 18 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=20974628 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Tech News: 2021-04]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. You will not be able to read or edit [[:wikitech:Main Page|Wikitech]] for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210128T09 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} at 09:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272388] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|Bracket matching]] will be added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] syntax highlighter on the first wikis. The first wikis are German and Catalan Wikipedia and maybe other Wikimedia wikis. This will happen on 27 January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270238] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W04"/> 18:31, 25 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21007423 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Tech News: 2021-04]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W04"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not to edit Wikimedia Commons for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210126T07 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}} at 07:00 (UTC)]. You will not be able to read or edit [[:wikitech:Main Page|Wikitech]] for a short time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210128T09 {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} at 09:00 (UTC)]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271791][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272388] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|Bracket matching]] will be added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] syntax highlighter on the first wikis. The first wikis are German and Catalan Wikipedia and maybe other Wikimedia wikis. This will happen on 27 January. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270238] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-01-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/04|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W04"/> 20:48, 25 January 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21007423 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Tech News: 2021-05]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W05"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[:w:en:IPv6|IPv6 addresses]] were written in lowercase letters in diffs. This caused dead links since [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] only accepted uppercase letters for the IPs. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272225] '''Changes later this week''' * You can soon use Wikidata to link to pages on the multilingual Wikisource. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138332] * Often editors use a "non-breaking space" to make a gap between two items when reading but still show them together. This can be used to avoid a line break. You will now be able to add new ones via the special character tool in the 2010, 2017, and visual editors. The character will be shown in the visual editor as a space with a grey background. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T70429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T96666] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=| Advanced item]] Wikis use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to stop bad edits being made. Filter maintainers can now use syntax like <code>1.2.3.4 - 1.2.3.55</code> as well as the <code>1.2.3.4/27</code> syntax for IP ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T218074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] is the skin Wikimedia wikis use for mobile traffic. When a page is protected and you can't edit it you can normally read the source wikicode. This doesn't work on Minerva on mobile devices. This is being fixed. Some text might overlap. This is because your community needs to update [[MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext|MediaWiki:Protectedpagetext]] to work on mobile. You can [[phab:T208827|read more]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Inline_styles_should_not_use_properties_that_impact_sizing_and_positioning][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Avoid_tables_for_anything_except_data] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] will change the IP address they use to contact the wikis. The new IP address will be <code>185.15.56.1</code>. This will happen on February 8. You can [[:wikitech:News/CloudVPS NAT wikis|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/05|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W05"/> 22:39, 1 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21033195 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Tech News: 2021-06]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W06"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps|Wikipedia app]] for Android now has watchlists and talk pages in the app. [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.wikipedia] '''Changes later this week''' * You can see edits to chosen pages on [[Special:Watchlist|Special:Watchlist]]. You can add pages to your watchlist on every wiki you like. The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|GlobalWatchlist]] extension will come to Meta on 11 February. There you can see entries on watched pages on different wikis on the same page. The new watchlist will be found on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] on Meta. You can choose which wikis to watch and other preferences on [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings|Special:GlobalWatchlistSettings]] on Meta. You can watch up to five wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T260862] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * When admins [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protecting and unprotecting pages|protect]] pages the form will use the [[mw:UX standardization|OOUI look]]. [[Special:Import|Special:Import]] will also get the new look. This will make them easier to use on mobile phones. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235424][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108792] * Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[m:Tech/News/2021/05|Last week]] Tech News reported that the IP address [[:wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] and [[:wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] use to contact the wikis will change on 8 February. This is delayed. It will happen later instead. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/CloudVPS_NAT_wikis] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/06|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W06"/> 17:42, 8 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21082948 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Tech News: 2021-07]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W07"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There were problems with recent versions of MediaWiki. Because the updates caused problems the developers rolled back to an earlier version. Some updates and new functions will come later than planned. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094255.html][https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2021-February/094271.html] * Some services will not work for a short period of time from 07:00 UTC on 17 February. There might be problems with new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|short links]], new translations, new notifications, adding new items to your [[mw:Reading/Reading Lists|reading lists]] or recording [[:w:en:Email#Tracking of sent mail|email bounces]]. This is because of database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273758] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.31|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/07|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W07"/> 17:56, 15 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21105437 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Tech News: 2021-08]] == <div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The visual editor will now use [[:c:Commons:Structured data/Media search|MediaSearch]] to find images. You can search for images on Commons in the visual editor when you are looking for illustrations. This is to help editors find better images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259896] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighter]] now works with more languages: [[:w:en:Futhark (programming language)|Futhark]], [[:w:en:Graphviz|Graphviz]]/[[:w:en:DOT (graph description language)|DOT]], CDDL and AMDGPU. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274741] '''Problems''' * Editing a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EasyTimeline|timeline]] might have removed all text from it. This was because of a bug and has been fixed. You might need to edit the timeline again for it to show properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274822] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.32|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-02-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] There is a [[:m:Wikimedia Rust developers user group|user group]] for developers and users interested in working on Wikimedia wikis with the [[:w:en:Rust (programming language)|Rust programming language]]. You can join or tell others who want to make your wiki better in the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div> ---- 00:18, 23 February 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21134058 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Tech News: 2021-09]] == <div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth team tools]] can now show the name of a newcomer's mentor anywhere [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship/Integrating_mentorship|through a magic word]]. This can be used for welcome messages or userboxes. * A new version of the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:VideoCutTool|VideoCutTool]] is now available. It enables cropping, trimming, audio disabling, and rotating video content. It is being created as part of the developer outreach programs. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Job queue|job queue]]. This meant some functions did not save changes and mass messages were delayed. This did not affect wiki edits. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275437] * Some editors may not be logged in to their accounts automatically in the latest versions of Firefox and Safari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T226797] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.33|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div> ---- 19:08, 1 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21161722 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Tech News: 2021-10]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W10"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section translation]] now works on Bengali Wikipedia. It helps mobile editors translate sections of articles. It will come to more wikis later. The first focus is active wikis with a smaller number of articles. You can [https://sx.wmflabs.org/index.php/Main_Page test it] and [[mw:Talk:Content translation/Section translation|leave feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] now give admins the review right. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275293] * When someone links to a Wikipedia article on Twitter this will now show a preview of the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276185] '''Problems''' * Many graphs have [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] errors. Graph editors can check their graphs in their browser's developer console after editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275833] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Talk pages project/New discussion|New Discussion]] tool will soon be a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|discussion tools]] beta feature for on most Wikipedias. The goal is to make it easier to start new discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275257] '''Future changes''' * There will be a number of changes to make it easier to work with templates. Some will come to the first wikis in March. Other changes will come to the first wikis in June. This is both for those who use templates and those who create or maintain them. You can [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|read more]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on some wikis on 17 March. They will share a setting with [[mw:Page Previews|Page Previews]]. If you prefer the Reference Tooltips or Navigation-Popups gadget you can keep using them. If so Reference Previews won't be shown. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * New JavaScript-based functions will not work in [[:w:en:Internet Explorer 11|Internet Explorer 11]]. This is because Internet Explorer is an old browser that doesn't work with how JavaScript is written today. Everything that works in Internet Explorer 11 today will continue working in Internet Explorer for now. You can [[mw:Compatibility/IE11|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/10|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W10"/> 17:51, 8 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21175593 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Tech News: 2021-11]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W11"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis that are part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|desktop improvements]] project can now use a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Search|search function]]. The desktop improvements and the new search will come to more wikis later. You can also [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#Deployment plan and timeline|test it early]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Editors who put up banners or change site-wide [[:w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] code should use the [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/000000566/overview?viewPanel=16&orgId=1 client error graph] to see that their changes has not caused problems. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2021/03/08/sailing-steady%e2%80%8a-%e2%80%8ahow-you-can-help-keep-wikimedia-sites-error-free read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276296] '''Problems''' * Due to [[phab:T276968|database issues]] the [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org Wikimedia Beta Cluster] was read-only for over a day. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.34|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can add a [[:w:en:Newline|newline]] or [[:w:en:Carriage return|carriage return]] character to a custom signature if you use a template. There is a proposal to not allow them in the future. This is because they can cause formatting problems. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/New_requirements_for_user_signatures#Additional_proposal_(2021)][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272322] * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|12 wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] You can use [https://quarry.wmflabs.org/ Quarry] for [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the [[wikitech:Wiki replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work from 23 March. There will be a new field to specify the database to connect to. If you think this affects you and you need help you can [[phab:T268498|post on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/PAWS PAWS] and other ways to do [[:w:en:SQL|SQL]] queries to the Wiki Replicas will be affected later. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Wiki_Replicas_2020_Redesign] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/11|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W11"/> 23:23, 15 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21226057 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Tech News: 2021-12]] == <section begin="technews-2021-W12"/><div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a [[mw:Wikipedia for KaiOS|Wikipedia app]] for [[:w:en:KaiOS|KaiOS]] phones. They don't have a touch screen so readers navigate with the phone keys. There is now a [https://wikimedia.github.io/wikipedia-kaios/sim.html simulator] so you can see what it looks like. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|new discussion tool]] are now available as the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] in almost all wikis except German Wikipedia. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T276899|twelve wikis]] for a short period of time on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210323T06 {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} at 06:00 (UTC)]. This can also affect password changes, logging in to new wikis, global renames and changing or confirming emails. This could take 30 minutes but will probably be much faster. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.36|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[:w:en:Syntax highlighting|Syntax highlighting]] colours will change to be easier to read. This will soon come to the [[phab:T276346|first wikis]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting] '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged revisions]] will no longer have multiple tags like "tone" or "depth". It will also only have one tier. This was changed because very few wikis used these features and they make the tool difficult to maintain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T185664][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts can access variables about the current page in JavaScript. In 2015 this was moved from <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> to <code dir=ltr>mw.config</code>. <code dir=ltr>wg*</code> will soon no longer work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T72470] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/12|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div></div> <section end="technews-2021-W12"/> 16:53, 22 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21244806 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Tech News: 2021-13]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some very old [[:w:en:Web browser|web browsers]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility|don’t work]] well with the Wikimedia wikis. Some old code for browsers that used to be supported is being removed. This could cause issues in those browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277803] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:m:IRC/Channels#Raw_feeds|IRC recent changes feeds]] have been moved to a new server. Make sure all tools automatically reconnect to <code>irc.wikimedia.org</code> and not to the name of any specific server. Users should also consider switching to the more modern [[:wikitech:Event Platform/EventStreams|EventStreams]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224579] '''Problems''' * When you move a page that many editors have on their watchlist the history can be split. It might also not be possible to move it again for a while. This is because of a [[:w:en:Job queue|job queue]] problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278350] * Some translatable pages on Meta could not be edited. This was because of a bug in the translation tool. The new MediaWiki version was delayed because of problems like this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:31, 29 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21267131 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Tech News: 2021-13]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some very old [[:w:en:Web browser|web browsers]] [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility|don’t work]] well with the Wikimedia wikis. Some old code for browsers that used to be supported is being removed. This could cause issues in those browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277803] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:m:IRC/Channels#Raw_feeds|IRC recent changes feeds]] have been moved to a new server. Make sure all tools automatically reconnect to <code>irc.wikimedia.org</code> and not to the name of any specific server. Users should also consider switching to the more modern [[:wikitech:Event Platform/EventStreams|EventStreams]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T224579] '''Problems''' * When you move a page that many editors have on their watchlist the history can be split. It might also not be possible to move it again for a while. This is because of a [[:w:en:Job queue|job queue]] problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278350] * Some translatable pages on Meta could not be edited. This was because of a bug in the translation tool. The new MediaWiki version was delayed because of problems like this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278429][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T274940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.37|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-03-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:39, 29 March 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21267131 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Tech News: 2021-14]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors can collapse part of an article so you have to click on it to see it. When you click a link to a section inside collapsed content it will now expand to show the section. The browser will scroll down to the section. Previously such links didn't work unless you manually expanded the content first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276741] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] will use for example <code>2010-12-XX</code> instead of <code>2010-12</code> for dates with a month but no days. This is because <code>2010-12</code> could be confused with <code>2010-2012</code> instead of <code>December 2010</code>. This is called level 1 instead of level 0 in the [https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/ Extended Date/Time Format]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/wmf.38|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.36/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[:wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] can now connect to the new [[:wikitech:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]]. Cross-database <code>JOINS</code> will no longer work from 28 April. There is [[:wikitech:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign#How should I connect to databases in PAWS?|a new way to connect]] to the databases. Until 28 April both ways to connect to the databases will work. If you think this affects you and you need help you can post [[phab:T268498|on Phabricator]] or on [[wikitech:Talk:News/Wiki Replicas 2020 Redesign|Wikitech]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 19:41, 5 April 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21287348 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Tech News: 2021-16]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Email to the Wikimedia wikis are handled by groups of Wikimedia editors. These volunteer response teams now use [https://github.com/znuny/Znuny Znuny] instead of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/OTRS|OTRS]]. The functions and interface remain the same. The volunteer administrators will give more details about the next steps soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279303][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275294] * If you use [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighting]], you can see line numbers in the 2010 and 2017 wikitext editors when editing templates. This is to make it easier to see line breaks or talk about specific lines. Line numbers will soon come to all namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267911][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Line_Numbering] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Because of a technical change there could be problems with gadgets and scripts that have an edit summary area that looks [https://phab.wmfusercontent.org/file/data/llvdqqnb5zpsfzylbqcg/PHID-FILE-25vs4qowibmtysl7cbml/Screen_Shot_2021-04-06_at_2.34.04_PM.png similar to this one]. If they look strange they should use <code>mw.loader.using('mediawiki.action.edit.styles')</code> to go back to how they looked before. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278898] * The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.1|latest version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis last week. There was no Tech News issue last week. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * The user group <code>oversight</code> will be renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in two weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:49, 19 April 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21356080 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Tech News: 2021-17]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Templates have parameters that can have specific values. It is possible to suggest values for editors with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]]. You can soon see them as a drop-down list in the visual editor. This is to help template users find the right values faster. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273857][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-04-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 21:25, 26 April 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21391118 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Tech News: 2021-18]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] is a gadget on English Wikipedia. It can help with maintenance and patrolling. It can [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/SD0001/Twinkle localisation/Report|now be used on other wikis]]. You can get Twinkle on your wiki using the [https://github.com/wikimedia-gadgets/twinkle-starter twinkle-starter] GitHub repository. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] did not work for many articles for a little while. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281346] * Some things will not work for about a minute on 5 May. This will happen [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210505T0600 around 06:00 UTC]. This will affect the content translation tool and notifications among other things. This is because of an upgrade to avoid crashes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281212] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on a number of wikis on 5 May. This is later than planned because of some changes. You can use it without using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page Previews]] if you want to. The earlier plan was to have the preference to use both or none. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] classes <code dir=ltr>.error</code>, <code dir=ltr>.warning</code> and <code dir=ltr>.success</code> do not work for mobile readers if they have not been specifically defined on your wiki. From June they will not work for desktop readers. This can affect gadgets and templates. The classes can be defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or template styles instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280766] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:44, 3 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21418010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Tech News: 2021-18]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]] is a gadget on English Wikipedia. It can help with maintenance and patrolling. It can [[m:Grants:Project/Rapid/SD0001/Twinkle localisation/Report|now be used on other wikis]]. You can get Twinkle on your wiki using the [https://github.com/wikimedia-gadgets/twinkle-starter twinkle-starter] GitHub repository. '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|content translation tool]] did not work for many articles for a little while. This was because of a bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281346] * Some things will not work for about a minute on 5 May. This will happen [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210505T0600 around 06:00 UTC]. This will affect the content translation tool and notifications among other things. This is because of an upgrade to avoid crashes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281212] '''Changes later this week''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] will become a default feature on a number of wikis on 5 May. This is later than planned because of some changes. You can use it without using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|Page Previews]] if you want to. The earlier plan was to have the preference to use both or none. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271206][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:CSS|CSS]] classes <code dir=ltr>.error</code>, <code dir=ltr>.warning</code> and <code dir=ltr>.success</code> do not work for mobile readers if they have not been specifically defined on your wiki. From June they will not work for desktop readers. This can affect gadgets and templates. The classes can be defined in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] or template styles instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280766] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 12:57, 4 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21418010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Tech News: 2021-19]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can see what participants plan to work on at the online [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia hackathon]] 22–23 May. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:10, 10 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21428676 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Tech News: 2021-19]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can see what participants plan to work on at the online [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2021|Wikimedia hackathon]] 22–23 May. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:26, 10 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21428676 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Tech News: 2021-20]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new toolbar in [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply tool]]. It works in the wikitext source mode. You can enable it in [[Special:Preferences#mw-htmlform-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276608] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#13_May_2021] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion#13_May_2021] * Wikimedia [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo mailing lists] are being moved to [[:w:en:GNU Mailman|Mailman 3]]. This is a newer version. For the [[:w:en:Character encoding|character encoding]] to work it will change from <code>[[:w:en:UTF-8|UTF-8]]</code> to <code>utf8mb3</code>. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IEYQ2HS3LZF2P3DAYMNZYQDGHWPVMTPY/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282621] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/14|earlier issue]] of Tech News said that the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|citoid]] [[:w:en:API|API]] would handle dates with a month but no days in a new way. This has been reverted for now. There needs to be more discussion of how it affects different wikis first. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T132308] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] <code>MediaWiki:Pageimages-blacklist</code> will be renamed <code>MediaWiki:Pageimages-denylist</code>. The list can be copied to the new name. It will happen on 19 May for some wikis and 20 May for some wikis. Most wikis don't use it. It lists images that should never be used as thumbnails for articles. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T282626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 13:50, 17 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21464279 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Tech News: 2021-21]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Wikimedia movement has been using [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC|IRC]] on a network called [[:w:en:Freenode|Freenode]]. There have been changes around who is in control of the network. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Group_Contacts|Wikimedia IRC Group Contacts]] have [[m:Special:Diff/21476411|decided]] to move to the new [[:w:en:Libera Chat|Libera Chat]] network instead. This is not a formal decision for the movement to move all channels but most Wikimedia IRC channels will probably leave Freenode. There is a [[:m:IRC/Migrating_to_Libera_Chat|migration guide]] and ongoing Wikimedia [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Freenode (IRC)|discussions about this]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-05-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:08, 24 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21477606 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Tech News: 2021-22]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was an issue on the Vector skin with the text size of categories and notices under the page title. It was fixed last Monday. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283206] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:06, 31 মে' 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21516076 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Tech News: 2021-23]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia movement uses [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] for technical tasks. This is where we collect technical suggestions, bugs and what developers are working on. The company behind Phabricator will stop working on it. This will not change anything for the Wikimedia movement now. It could lead to changes in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/YAXOD46INJLAODYYIJUVQWOZFIV54VUI/][https://admin.phacility.com/phame/post/view/11/phacility_is_winding_down_operations/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283980] * Searching on Wikipedia will find more results in some languages. This is mainly true for when those who search do not use the correct [[:w:en:Diacritic|diacritics]] because they are not seen as necessary in that language. For example searching for <code>Bedusz</code> doesn't find <code>Będusz</code> on German Wikipedia. The character <code>ę</code> isn't used in German so many would write <code>e</code> instead. This will work better in the future in some languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219550] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:Cross-site request forgery|CSRF token parameters]] in the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|action API]] were changed in 2014. The old parameters from before 2014 will stop working soon. This can affect bots, gadgets and user scripts that still use the old parameters. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IMP43BNCI32C524O5YCUWMQYP4WVBQ2B/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280806] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:03, 7 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21551759 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Tech News: 2021-23]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia movement uses [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] for technical tasks. This is where we collect technical suggestions, bugs and what developers are working on. The company behind Phabricator will stop working on it. This will not change anything for the Wikimedia movement now. It could lead to changes in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/YAXOD46INJLAODYYIJUVQWOZFIV54VUI/][https://admin.phacility.com/phame/post/view/11/phacility_is_winding_down_operations/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283980] * Searching on Wikipedia will find more results in some languages. This is mainly true for when those who search do not use the correct [[:w:en:Diacritic|diacritics]] because they are not seen as necessary in that language. For example searching for <code>Bedusz</code> doesn't find <code>Będusz</code> on German Wikipedia. The character <code>ę</code> isn't used in German so many would write <code>e</code> instead. This will work better in the future in some languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219550] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:w:en:Cross-site request forgery|CSRF token parameters]] in the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Main page|action API]] were changed in 2014. The old parameters from before 2014 will stop working soon. This can affect bots, gadgets and user scripts that still use the old parameters. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IMP43BNCI32C524O5YCUWMQYP4WVBQ2B/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280806] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 22:35, 7 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21551759 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Tech News: 2021-24]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Logged-in users on the mobile web can choose to use the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|advanced mobile mode]]. They now see categories in a similar way as users on desktop do. This means that some gadgets that have just been for desktop users could work for users of the mobile site too. If your wiki has such gadgets you could decide to turn them on for the mobile site too. Some gadgets probably need to be fixed to look good on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284763] * Language links on Wikidata now works for [[:oldwikisource:Main Page|multilingual Wikisource]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275958] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * In the future we [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|can't show the IP]] of unregistered editors to everyone. This is because privacy regulations and norms have changed. There is now a rough draft of how [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#Updates|showing the IP to those who need to see it]] could work. * German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between 5:00 and 5:30 UTC. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 28 June. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:26, 14 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21587625 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Tech News: 2021-25]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The <code>otrs-member</code> group name is now <code>vrt-permissions</code>. This could affect abuse filters. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280615] '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit German Wikipedia, English Wikivoyage and 29 smaller wikis for a few minutes on 22 June. This is planned between [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210623T0500 5:00 and 5:30 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284530] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:50, 21 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21593987 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Tech News: 2021-26]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth|Growth features]] now can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure Growth features directly on their wiki]]. This uses the new special page <code>Special:EditGrowthConfig</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285423] * Wikisources have a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech/OCR Improvements|OCR tool]]. If you don't want to see the "extract text" button on Wikisource you can add <code>.ext-wikisource-ExtractTextWidget { display: none; }</code> to your [[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285311] '''Problems''' *You will be able to read but not edit the Wikimedia wikis for a few minutes on 29 June. This is planned at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210629T1400 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281515][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T281209] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-06-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * <code>Threshold for stub link formatting</code>, <code>thumbnail size</code> and <code>auto-number headings</code> can be set in preferences. They are expensive to maintain and few editors use them. The developers are planning to remove them. Removing them will make pages load faster. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User:SKim (WMF)/Performance Dependent User Preferences|read more and give feedback]]. * A toolbar will be added to the [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]]'s wikitext source mode. This will make it easier to link to pages and to ping other users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T276609][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Replying#Status_updates] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:32, 28 June 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21653312 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Tech News: 2021-27]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 19 July. '''Recent changes''' * [[:wikidata:Q4063270|AutoWikiBrowser]] is a tool to make repetitive tasks easier. It now uses [[:w:en:JSON|JSON]]. <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage</code> has moved to <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPageJSON</code> and <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/Config</code>. <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/Version</code> has moved to <code>Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/CheckPage/VersionJSON</code>. The tool will eventually be configured on the wiki so that you don't have to wait until the new version to add templates or regular expression fixes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T241196] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] helps saving online sources on some wikis. It adds them to [[:w:en:Wayback Machine|Wayback Machine]] and links to them there. This is so they don't disappear if the page that was linked to is removed. It currently has a problem with linking to the wrong date when it moves pages from <code>archive.is</code> to <code>web.archive.org</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T283432] '''Changes later this week''' * The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] will be updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It will come to the first wikis on 7 July. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * Some Wikimedia wikis use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]] or pending changes. It hides edits from new and unregistered accounts for readers until they have been patrolled. The auto review action in Flagged Revisions will no longer be logged. All old logs of auto-review will be removed. This is because it creates a lot of logs that are not very useful. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285608] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 17:34, 5 July 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21694636 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Tech News: 2021-29]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The tool to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|find, add and remove templates]] was updated. This is to make it easier to find and use the right templates. It was supposed to come to the first wikis on 7 July. It was delayed to 12 July instead. It will come to more wikis later this year. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Removing_a_template_from_a_page_using_the_VisualEditor][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284553] * [[Special:UnconnectedPages|Special:UnconnectedPages]] lists pages that are not connected to Wikidata. This helps you find pages that can be connected to Wikidata items. Some pages should not be connected to Wikidata. You can use the magic word <code><nowiki>__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__</nowiki></code> on pages that should not be listed on the special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T97577] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the [[:w:en:Parsing|parser's]] HTML output will soon change. This can affect bots, gadgets, user scripts and extensions. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/L2UQJRHTFK5YG3IOZEC7JSLH2ZQNZRVU/ read more]. You can test it on [[:testwiki:Main Page|Testwiki]] or [[:test2wiki:Main Page|Testwiki 2]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:32, 19 July 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21755027 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Tech News: 2021-30]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki came to the Wikimedia wikis the week before last week. This was not in Tech News because there was no newsletter that week. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-07-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * If you use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MonoBook|Monobook skin]] you can choose to switch off [[:w:en:Responsive web design|responsive design]] on mobile. This will now work for more skins. If <code>{{int:monobook-responsive-label}}</code> is unticked you need to also untick the new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preference]] <code>{{int:prefs-skin-responsive}}</code>. Otherwise it will stop working. Interface admins can automate this process on your wiki. You can [[phab:T285991|read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 21:11, 26 July 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21771634 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Tech News: 2021-31]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] If your wiki uses markup like <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-ltr"></nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-rtl"></nowiki></code></bdi> without the required <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>dir</code></bdi> attribute, then these will no longer work in 2 weeks. There is a short-term fix that can be added to your local wiki's Common.css page, which is explained at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. From now on, all usages should include the full attributes, for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en"></nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="mw-content-rtl" dir="rtl" lang="he"></nowiki></code></bdi>. This also applies to some other HTML tags, such as <code>span</code> or <code>code</code>. You can find existing examples on your wiki that need to be updated, using the instructions at [[phab:T287701|T287701]]. * Reminder: Wikimedia has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IRC/Migrating to Libera Chat|migrated to the Libera Chat IRC network]], from the old Freenode network. Local documentation should be updated. '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 30 minutes. There was a problem with generating dynamic lists of articles on the Russian Wikinews, due to the bulk import of 200,000+ new articles over 3 days, which led to database problems. The problematic feature has been disabled on that wiki and developers are discussing if it can be fixed properly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-07-26_ruwikinews_DynamicPageList] '''Changes later this week''' * When adding links to a page using [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] or the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]] will now only appear at the bottom of search results. This is because users do not often want to link to disambiguation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285510] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|team of the Wikipedia app for Android]] is working on communication in the app. The developers are working on how to talk to other editors and get notifications. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|read more]]. They are looking for users who want to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingJuly2021|test the plans]]. Any editor who has an Android phone and is willing to download the app can do this. * The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} will be updated in the coming weeks. You will be able to [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications|subscribe to individual sections]] on a talk page at more wikis. You can test this now by adding <code>?dtenable=1</code> to the end of the talk page's URL ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Meta_talk:Sandbox?dtenable=1 example]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 20:48, 2 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21818289 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Tech News: 2021-32]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * You can read but not edit 17 wikis for a few minutes on 10 August. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1628571650 05:00 UTC]. This is because of work on the database. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287449] '''Changes later this week''' * The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2021:Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place remotely on 13 August, starting at 5:00 UTC, for 24 hours. You can participate in many ways. You can still propose projects and sessions. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The old CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div class="visualClear"></div></nowiki></code></bdi> will not be supported after 12 August. Instead, templates and pages should use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><div style="clear:both;"></div></nowiki></code></bdi>. Please help to replace any existing uses on your wiki. There are global-search links available at [[phab:T287962|T287962]]. '''Future changes''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is a place for Wikipedia editors to get access to sources. There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TheWikipediaLibrary|extension]] which has a new function to tell users when they can take part in it. It will use notifications. It will start pinging the first users in September. It will ping more users later. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288070] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] [[w:en:Vue.js|Vue.js]] will be the [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] framework for MediaWiki in the future. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SOZREBYR36PUNFZXMIUBVAIOQI4N7PDU/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:21, 9 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21856726 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Tech News: 2021-33]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can add language links in the sidebar in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206] '''Problems''' * There was a problem on wikis which use the Translate extension. Translations were not updated or were replaced with the English text. The problems have been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288700][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288683][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288719] '''Changes later this week''' * A [[mw:Help:Tags|revision tag]] will soon be added to edits that add links to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Disambiguator|disambiguation pages]]. This is because these links are usually added by accident. The tag will allow editors to easily find the broken links and fix them. If your wiki does not like this feature, it can be [[mw:Help:Tags#Deleting a tag added by the software|hidden]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287549] *Would you like to help improve the information about tools? Would you like to attend or help organize a small virtual meetup for your community to discuss the list of tools? Please get in touch on the [[m:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions|Toolhub Quality Signal Sessions]] talk page. We are also looking for feedback [[m:Talk:Toolhub/The Quality Signal Sessions#Discussion topic for "Quality Signal Sessions: The Tool Maintainers edition"|from tool maintainers]] on some specific questions. * In the past, edits to any page in your user talk space ignored your [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications#mute|mute list]], e.g. sub-pages. Starting this week, this is only true for edits to your talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288112] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 19:28, 16 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21889213 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Tech News: 2021-34]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score]] extension (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><score></nowiki></code></bdi> notation) has been re-enabled on public wikis and upgraded to a newer version. Some musical score functionality may no longer work because the extension is only enabled in "safe mode". The security issue has been fixed and an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score/2021 security advisory|advisory published]]. '''Problems''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289130|some wikis]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871217 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. During this time, operations on the CentralAuth will also not be possible. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 21:59, 23 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21923254 --> == Read-only reminder == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="MassMessage"/> A maintenance operation will be performed on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1629871231 {{#time: l F d H:i e|2021-08-25T06:00|en}}]. It should only last for a few minutes. This will affect your wiki as well as 11 other wikis. During this time, publishing edits will not be possible. Also during this time, operations on the CentralAuth will not be possible (GlobalRenames, changing/confirming e-mail addresses, logging into new wikis, password changes). For more details about the operation and on all impacted services, please check [[phab:T289130|on Phabricator]]. A banner will be displayed 30 minutes before the operation. Please help your community to be aware of this maintenance operation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}<section end="MassMessage"/> </div> 20:35, 24 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21927201 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Tech News: 2021-35]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Some musical score syntax no longer works and may needed to be updated, you can check [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:score-error-category}}]] on your wiki for a list of pages with errors. '''Problems''' * Musical scores were unable to render lyrics in some languages because of missing fonts. This has been fixed now. If your language would prefer a different font, please file a request in Phabricator. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289554] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The parameters for how you obtain [[mw:API:Tokens|tokens]] in the MediaWiki API were changed in 2014. The old way will no longer work from 1 September. Scripts, bots and tools that use the parameters from before the 2014 change need to be updated. You can [[phab:T280806#7215377|read more]] about this. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-08-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to read but not edit [[phab:T289660|Commons]] for a few minutes on {{#time:j xg|2021-09-06|en}}. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1630818058 05:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes in the week of 13 September. More information will be published in Tech News later. It will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:02, 30 August 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21954810 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Tech News: 2021-36]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The wikis that have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] deployed have been part of A/B testing since deployment, in which some newcomers did not receive the new features. Now, all of the newcomers on 21 of the smallest of those wikis will be receiving the features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289786] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In 2017, the provided jQuery library was upgraded from version 1 to 3, with a compatibility layer. The migration will soon finish, to make the site load faster for everyone. If you maintain a gadget or user script, check if you have any JQMIGRATE errors and fix them, or they will break. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280944][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/6Z2BVLOBBEC2QP4VV4KOOVQVE52P3HOP/] * Last year, the Portuguese Wikipedia community embarked on an experiment to make log-in compulsory for editing.&nbsp; The [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Impact report for Login Required Experiment on Portuguese Wikipedia|impact report of this trial]] is ready. Moving forward, the Anti-Harassment Tools team is looking for projects that are willing to experiment with restricting IP editing on their wiki for a short-term experiment. [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Login Required Experiment|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:20, 6 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=21981010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Tech News: 2021-37]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * 45 new Wikipedias now have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289680] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|A majority of Wikipedias]] now have access to the Growth features. The Growth team [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ|has published an FAQ page]] about the features. This translatable FAQ covers the description of the features, how to use them, how to change the configuration, and more. '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 14 September. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628002 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287539] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.37/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting this week, Wikipedia in Italian will receive weekly software updates on Wednesdays. It used to receive the updates on Thursdays. Due to this change, bugs will be noticed and fixed sooner. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286664] * You can add language links in the sidebar in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|the new Vector skin]] again. You do this by connecting the page to a Wikidata item. The new Vector skin has moved the language links but the new language selector cannot add language links yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287206] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlight]] tool marks up code with different colours. It now can highlight 23 new code languages. Additionally, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>golang</code></bdi> can now be used as an alias for the [[d:Q37227|Go programming language]], and a special <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>output</code></bdi> mode has been added to show a program's output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280117][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/+/715277/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 15:36, 13 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22009517 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Tech News: 2021-38]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Growth features are now deployed to almost all Wikipedias. [[phab:T290582|For the majority of small Wikipedias]], the features are only available for experienced users, to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#enable|test the features]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/FAQ#config|configure them]]. Features will be available for newcomers starting on 20 September 2021. * MediaWiki had a feature that would highlight local links to short articles in a different style. Each user could pick the size at which "stubs" would be highlighted. This feature was very bad for performance, and following a consultation, has been removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284917] * A technical change was made to the MonoBook skin to allow for easier maintenance and upkeep. This has resulted in some minor changes to HTML that make MonoBook's HTML consistent with other skins. Efforts have been made to minimize the impact on editors, but please ping [[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]] on wiki or in [[phab:T290888|phabricator]] if any problems are reported. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of an accidental restart of the search servers. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-09-13_cirrussearch_restart] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[s:Special:ApiHelp/query+proofreadinfo|meta=proofreadpage API]] has changed. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>piprop</nowiki></code></bdi> parameter has been renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prpiprop</nowiki></code></bdi>. API users should update their code to avoid unrecognized parameter warnings. Pywikibot users should upgrade to 6.6.0. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290585] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki_1.37/Deprecation_of_legacy_API_token_parameters|previously announced]] change to how you obtain tokens from the API has been delayed to September 21 because of an incompatibility with Pywikibot. Bot operators using Pywikibot can follow [[phab:T291202|T291202]] for progress on a fix, and should plan to upgrade to 6.6.1 when it is released. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 18:33, 20 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22043415 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Tech News: 2021-39]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[w:en:IOS|iOS 15]] has a new function called [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212614 Private Relay] (Apple website). This can hide the user's IP when they use [[w:en:Safari (software)|Safari]] browser. This is like using a [[w:en:Virtual private network|VPN]] in that we see another IP address instead. It is opt-in and only for those who pay extra for [[w:en:ICloud|iCloud]]. It will come to Safari users on [[:w:en:OSX|OSX]] later. There is a [[phab:T289795|technical discussion]] about what this means for the Wikimedia wikis. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and user-scripts add items to the [[m:Customization:Explaining_skins#Portlets|portlets]] (article tools) part of the skin. A recent change to the HTML may have made those links a different font-size. This can be fixed by adding the CSS class <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.vector-menu-dropdown-noicon</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291438] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-09-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Onboarding_new_Wikipedians#New_experience|GettingStarted extension]] was built in 2013, and provides an onboarding process for new account holders in a few versions of Wikipedia. However, the recently developed [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] provide a better onboarding experience. Since the vast majority of Wikipedias now have access to the Growth features, GettingStarted will be deactivated starting on 4 October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T235752] * A small number of users will not be able to connect to the Wikimedia wikis after 30 September. This is because an old [[:w:en:root certificate|root certificate]] will no longer work. They will also have problems with many other websites. Users who have updated their software in the last five years are unlikely to have problems. Users in Europe, Africa and Asia are less likely to have immediate problems even if their software is too old. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS/2021 Let's Encrypt root expiry|read more]]. * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Notifications|receive notifications]] when someone leaves a comment on user talk page or mentions you in a talk page comment. Clicking the notification link will now bring you to the comment and highlight it. Previously, doing so brought you to the top of the section that contained the comment. You can find [[phab:T282029|more information in T282029.]] '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Replying|Reply tool]] will be deployed to the remaining wikis in the coming weeks. It is currently part of "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta features]] at most wikis. You will be able to turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Editing Preferences]]. [[phab:T288485|See the list of wikis.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262331] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W39"/> </div> 22:24, 27 September 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22077885 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Tech News: 2021-40]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="tech-newsletter-content"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them has been enabled for the following 10 wikis: mediawiki.org, the Italian, Catalan, Hebrew and Vietnamese Wikipedias, French Wikisource, and English Wikivoygage, Wikibooks, Wiktionary and Wikinews. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist on those wikis you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Some gadgets and bots that use the API to read the AbuseFilter log might break. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hidden</code></bdi> property will no longer say an entry is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>implicit</code></bdi> for unsuppressed log entries about suppressed edits. If your bot needs to know this, do a separate revision query. Additionally, the property will have the value <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>false</code></bdi> for visible entries; previously, it wasn't included in the response. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291718] * A more efficient way of sending changes from Wikidata to Wikimedia wikis that show them will be enabled for ''all production wikis''. If you notice anything strange about how changes from Wikidata appear in recent changes or your watchlist you can [[phab:T48643|let the developers know]]. '''Future changes''' * You can soon get cross-wiki notifications in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|iOS Wikipedia app]]. You can also get notifications as push notifications. More notification updates will follow in later versions. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Notifications#September_2021_update] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgExtraSignatureNamespaces</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgLegalTitleChars</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgIllegalFileChars</code></bdi> will soon be removed from <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]</code></bdi>. These are not part of the "stable" variables available for use in wiki JavaScript. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292011] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The JavaScript variables <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookiePrefix</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookieDomain</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookiePath</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>wgCookieExpiration</code></bdi> will soon be removed from mw.config. Scripts should instead use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.cookie</code></bdi> from the "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#mediawiki.cookie|mediawiki.cookie]]</bdi>" module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291760] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="tech-newsletter-content"/> </div> 16:33, 4 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22101208 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Tech News: 2021-41]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Manual:Table_of_contents#Auto-numbering|"auto-number headings" preference]] is being removed. You can read [[phab:T284921]] for the reasons and discussion. This change was [[m:Tech/News/2021/26|previously]] announced. [[mw:Snippets/Auto-number_headings|A JavaScript snippet]] is available which can be used to create a Gadget on wikis that still want to support auto-numbering. '''Meetings''' * You can join a meeting about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. A demonstration version of the [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|newest feature]] will be shown. The event will take place on Tuesday, 12 October at 16:00 UTC. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web/12-10-2021|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W41"/> </div> 15:31, 11 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22152137 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Tech News: 2021-42]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *[[m:Toolhub|Toolhub]] is a catalogue to make it easier to find software tools that can be used for working on the Wikimedia projects. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LF4SSR4QRCKV6NPRFGUAQWUFQISVIPTS/ read more]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers of the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia Android app]] are working on [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|communication in the app]]. You can now answer questions in [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication/UsertestingOctober2021|survey]] to help the development. * 3–5% of editors may be blocked in the next few months. This is because of a new service in Safari, which is similar to a [[w:en:Proxy server|proxy]] or a [[w:en:VPN|VPN]]. It is called iCloud Private Relay. There is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|discussion about this]] on Meta. The goal is to learn what iCloud Private Relay could mean for the communities. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] is a new [[w:en:API|API]] for those who use a lot of information from the Wikimedia projects on other sites. It is a way to get big commercial users to pay for the data. There will soon be a copy of the Wikimedia Enterprise dataset. You can [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/message/B2AX6PWH5MBKB4L63NFZY3ADBQG7MSBA/ read more]. You can also ask the team questions [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/88994018553 on Zoom] on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=15&min=00&sec=0&day=22&month=10&year=2021 22 October 15:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W42"/> </div> 20:54, 18 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22176877 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Tech News: 2021-43]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 27 October. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-10-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff|Diff pages]] will have an improved copy and pasting experience. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Copy paste diffs|The changes]] will allow the text in the diff for before and after to be treated as separate columns and will remove any unwanted syntax. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T192526] * The version of the [[w:en:Liberation fonts|Liberation fonts]] used in SVG files will be upgraded. Only new thumbnails will be affected. Liberation Sans Narrow will not change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253600] '''Meetings''' * You can join a meeting about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. News about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes will be shown. The event will take place on Wednesday, 27 October at 14:30 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/Talk to Us|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W43"/> </div> 20:08, 25 October 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22232718 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Tech News: 2021-44]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a limit on the amount of emails a user can send each day. This limit is now global instead of per-wiki. This change is to prevent abuse. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293866] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W44"/> </div> 20:28, 1 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22269406 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Tech News: 2021-45]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile IP editors are now able to receive warning notices indicating they have a talk page message on the mobile website (similar to the orange banners available on desktop). These notices will be displayed on every page outside of the main namespace and every time the user attempts to edit. The notice on desktop now has a slightly different colour. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284642][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278105] '''Changes later this week''' * [[phab:T294321|Wikidata will be read-only]] for a few minutes on 11 November. This will happen around [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1636610400 06:00 UTC]. This is for database maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294321] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Future changes''' * In the future, unregistered editors will be given an identity that is not their [[:w:en:IP address|IP address]]. This is for legal reasons. A new user right will let editors who need to know the IPs of unregistered accounts to fight vandalism, spam, and harassment, see the IP. You can read the [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|suggestions for how that identity could work]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|discuss on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W45"/> </div> 20:37, 8 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22311003 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Tech News: 2021-46]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Most [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Maximum_file_size#MAXTHUMB|large file uploads]] errors that had messages like "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>stashfailed</code></bdi>" or "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>DBQueryError</code></bdi>" have now been fixed. An [[wikitech:Incident documentation/2021-11-04 large file upload timeouts|incident report]] is available. '''Problems''' * Sometimes, edits made on iOS using the visual editor save groups of numbers as telephone number links, because of a feature in the operating system. This problem is under investigation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116525] * There was a problem with search last week. Many search requests did not work for 2 hours because of a configuration error. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2021-11-10_cirrussearch_commonsfile_outage] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W46"/> </div> 22:07, 15 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22338097 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Tech News: 2021-47]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. *The template dialog in VisualEditor and in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|new wikitext mode]] Beta feature will be [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|heavily improved]] on [[phab:T286992|a few wikis]]. Your [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|feedback is welcome]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W47"/> </div> 20:03, 22 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22366010 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Tech News: 2021-48]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-11-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W48"/> </div> 21:15, 29 November 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22375666 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Tech News: 2021-49]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * MediaWiki 1.38-wmf.11 was scheduled to be deployed on some wikis last week. The deployment was delayed because of unexpected problems. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * At all Wikipedias, a Mentor Dashboard is now available at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MentorDashboard</nowiki></code></bdi>. It allows registered mentors, who take care of newcomers' first steps, to monitor their assigned newcomers' activity. It is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]]. You can learn more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How_to_configure_the_mentors%27_list|activating the mentor list]] on your wiki and about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor dashboard|the mentor dashboard project]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The predecessor to the current [[mw:API|MediaWiki Action API]] (which was created in 2008), <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=ajax</nowiki></code></bdi>, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to the corresponding API module. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T42786] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] An old ResourceLoader module, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>jquery.jStorage</nowiki></code></bdi>, which was deprecated in 2016, will be removed this week. Any scripts or bots using it will need to switch to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.storage</nowiki></code></bdi> instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143034] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W49"/> </div> 21:59, 6 December 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22413926 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Tech News: 2021-50]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There are now default [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespace#Other_namespace_aliases|short aliases]] for the "Project:" namespace on most wikis. E.g. On Wikibooks wikis, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[WB:]]</nowiki></code></bdi> will go to the local language default for the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[Project:]]</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. This change is intended to help the smaller communities have easy access to this feature. Additional local aliases can still be requested via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|the usual process]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293839] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2021-12-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W50"/> </div> 22:28, 13 December 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22441074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Tech News: 2021-51]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2021-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 10 January 2022. '''Recent changes''' * Queries made by the DynamicPageList extension (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><DynamicPageList></nowiki></code></bdi>) are now only allowed to run for 10 seconds and error if they take longer. This is in response to multiple outages where long-running queries caused an outage on all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287380#7575719] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Future changes''' * The developers of the Wikipedia iOS app are looking for testers who edit in multiple languages. You can [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/202112 testing|read more and let them know if you are interested]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The Wikimedia [[wikitech:Portal:Cloud VPS|Cloud VPS]] hosts technical projects for the Wikimedia movement. Developers need to [[wikitech:News/Cloud VPS 2021 Purge|claim projects]] they use. This is because old and unused projects are removed once a year. Unclaimed projects can be shut down from February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2B7KYL5VLQNHGQQHMYLW7KTUKXKAYY3T/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2021-W51"/> </div> 22:06, 20 December 2021 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22465395 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Tech News: 2022-02]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] A <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>oauth_consumer</code></bdi> variable has been added to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] to enable identifying changes made by specific tools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298281] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#Package_Gadgets|now able to directly include JSON pages]]. This means some gadgets can now be configured by administrators without needing the interface administrator permission, such as with the Geonotice gadget. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T198758] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets [[mw:Extension:Gadgets#Options|can now specify page actions]] on which they are available. For example, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|actions=edit,history</code></bdi> will load a gadget only while editing and on history pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T63007] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] Gadgets can now be loaded on demand with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withgadget</code></bdi> URL parameter. This can be used to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Snippets/Load JS and CSS by URL|an earlier snippet]] that typically looks like <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withJS</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>withCSS</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] At wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|the Mentorship system is configured]], you can now use the Action API to get a list of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|mentor's]] mentees. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291966] * The heading on the main page can now be configured using <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title-loggedin]]</span> for logged-in users and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Mainpage-title]]</span> for logged-out users. Any CSS that was previously used to hide the heading should be removed. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Small_wiki_toolkits/Starter_kit/Main_page_customization#hide-heading] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298715] * Four special pages (and their API counterparts) now have a maximum database query execution time of 30 seconds. These special pages are: RecentChanges, Watchlist, Contributions, and Log. This change will help with site performance and stability. You can read [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IPJNO75HYAQWIGTHI5LJHTDVLVOC4LJP/ more details about this change] including some possible solutions if this affects your workflows. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297708] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Sticky Header|sticky header]] has been deployed for 50% of logged-in users on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions#pilot-wikis|more than 10 wikis]]. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Participate|how to take part in the project]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] begins. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W02"/> </div> 01:24, 11 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22562156 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Tech News: 2022-03]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|WikiEditor]] (also known as the 2010 wikitext editor), people will now see a warning if they link to disambiguation pages. If you click "{{int:Disambiguator-review-link}}" in the warning, it will ask you to correct the link to a more specific term. You can [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages#Jan 12, 2021: Turning on the changes for all Wikis|read more information]] about this completed 2021 Community Wishlist item. * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#subscribe|automatically subscribe to all of the talk page discussions]] that you start or comment in using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|DiscussionTools]]. You will receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when another editor replies. This is available at most wikis. Go to your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]] and turn on "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263819] * When asked to create a new page or talk page section, input fields can be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating_pages_with_preloaded_text|"preloaded" with some text]]. This feature is now limited to wikitext pages. This is so users can't be tricked into making malicious edits. There is a discussion about [[phab:T297725|if this feature should be re-enabled]] for some content types. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]] continues. All contributors to the Wikimedia projects can propose for tools and platform improvements. The proposal phase takes place from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-10|en}} 18:00 UTC to {{#time:j xg|2022-01-23|en}} 18:00 UTC. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/FAQ|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W03"/> </div> 19:55, 17 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22620285 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Tech News: 2022-04]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-01-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The following languages can now be used with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|syntax highlighting]]: BDD, Elpi, LilyPond, Maxima, Rita, Savi, Sed, Sophia, Spice, .SRCINFO. * You can now access your watchlist from outside of the user menu in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|new Vector skin]]. The watchlist link appears next to the notification icons if you are at the top of the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T289619] '''Events''' * You can see the results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award 2021]] and learn more about 14 tools which were selected this year. * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translate, promote]], or comment on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Proposals|the proposals]] in the Community Wishlist Survey. Voting will begin on {{#time:j xg|2022-01-28|en}}. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W04"/> </div> 21:38, 24 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22644148 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Tech News: 2022-05]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] If a gadget should support the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?withgadget</code></bdi> URL parameter that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/02|announced]] 3 weeks ago, then it must now also specify <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>supportsUrlLoad</code></bdi> in the gadget definition ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#supportsUrlLoad|documentation]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29766] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * A change that was [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2021/16|announced]] last year was delayed. It is now ready to move ahead: ** The user group <code>oversight</code> will be renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. This is the technical name. It doesn't affect what you call the editors with this user right on your wiki. This is planned to happen in three weeks. You can comment [[phab:T112147|in Phabricator]] if you have objections. As usual, these labels can be translated on translatewiki ([[phab:T112147|direct links are available]]) or by administrators on your wiki. '''Events''' * You can vote on proposals in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022|Community Wishlist Survey]] between 28 January and 11 February. The survey decides what the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech team]] will work on. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W05"/> </div> 17:42, 31 January 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22721804 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Tech News: 2022-06]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * English Wikipedia recently set up a gadget for dark mode. You can enable it there, or request help from an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface administrator]] to set it up on your wiki ([[w:en:Wikipedia:Dark mode (gadget)|instructions and screenshot]]). * Category counts are sometimes wrong. They will now be completely recounted at the beginning of every month. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299823] '''Problems''' * A code-change last week to fix a bug with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Live preview|Live Preview]] may have caused problems with some local gadgets and user-scripts. Any code with skin-specific behaviour for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>vector</code></bdi> should be updated to also check for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>vector-2022</code></bdi>. [[phab:T300987|A code-snippet, global search, and example are available]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W06"/> </div> 21:16, 7 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22765948 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Tech News: 2022-07]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Purge|Purging]] a category page with fewer than 5,000 members will now recount it completely. This will allow editors to fix incorrect counts when it is wrong. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85696] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, the <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> function has been updated so that it does not remove the "space" character. Wikis are advised to wrap all the uses of <code dir=ltr>rmspecials()</code> with <code dir=ltr>rmwhitespace()</code> wherever necessary to keep filters' behavior unchanged. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263024] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W07"/> </div> 19:19, 14 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22821788 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Tech News: 2022-08]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[Special:Nuke|Special:Nuke]] will now provide the standard deletion reasons (editable at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Deletereason-dropdown]]</bdi>) to use when mass-deleting pages. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Admins and patrollers/Mass-delete to offer drop-down of standard reasons, or templated reasons.|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T25020] * At Wikipedias, all new accounts now get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] by default when creating an account. Communities are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Account_creation|update their help resources]]. Previously, only 80% of new accounts would get the Growth features. A few Wikipedias remain unaffected by this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301820] * You can now prevent specific images that are used in a page from appearing in other locations, such as within PagePreviews or Search results. This is done with the markup <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>class=notpageimage</nowiki></code></bdi>. For example, <code><nowiki>[[File:Example.png|class=notpageimage]]</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There has been a change to the HTML of Special:Contributions, Special:MergeHistory, and History pages, to support the grouping of changes by date in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva_Neue|the mobile skin]]. While unlikely, this may affect gadgets and user scripts. A [[phab:T298638|list of all the HTML changes]] is on Phabricator. '''Events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey results]] have been published. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2022 results#leaderboard|ranking of prioritized proposals]] is also available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-02-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The software to play videos and audio files on pages will change soon on all wikis. The old player will be removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Toolforge's underlying operating system is being updated. If you maintain any tools there, there are two options for migrating your tools into the new system. There are [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Stretch deprecation|details, deadlines, and instructions]] on Wikitech. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EPJFISC52T7OOEFH5YYMZNL57O4VGSPR/] * Administrators will soon have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete]] the associated "talk" page when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option will also be available. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|a request from the 2021 Wishlist Survey]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W08"/> </div> 19:12, 21 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22847768 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Tech News: 2022-09]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When searching for edits by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tags|change tags]], e.g. in page history or user contributions, there is now a dropdown list of possible tags. This was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Miscellaneous/Improve plain-text change tag selector|a request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T27909] * Mentors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Mentor_dashboard|Growth Mentor dashboard]] will now see newcomers assigned to them who have made at least one edit, up to 200 edits. Previously, all newcomers assigned to the mentor were visible on the dashboard, even ones without any edit or ones who made hundred of edits. Mentors can still change these values using the filters on their dashboard. Also, the last choice of filters will now be saved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301268][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T294460] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The user group <code>oversight</code> was renamed <code>suppress</code>. This is for [[phab:T109327|technical reasons]]. You may need to update any local references to the old name, e.g. gadgets, links to Special:Listusers, or uses of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words|NUMBERINGROUP]]. '''Problems''' * The recent change to the HTML of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tracking changes|tracking changes]] pages caused some problems for screenreaders. This is being fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298638] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Working with templates will become easier. [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Templates|Several improvements]] are planned for March 9 on most wikis and on March 16 on English Wikipedia. The improvements include: Bracket matching, syntax highlighting colors, finding and inserting templates, and related visual editor features. * If you are a template developer or an interface administrator, and you are intentionally overriding or using the default CSS styles of user feedback boxes (the classes: <code dir=ltr>successbox, messagebox, errorbox, warningbox</code>), please note that these classes and associated CSS will soon be removed from MediaWiki core. This is to prevent problems when the same class-names are also used on a wiki. Please let us know by commenting at [[phab:T300314]] if you think you might be affected. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W09"/> </div> 23:00, 28 February 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22902593 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Tech News: 2022-10]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * There was a problem with some interface labels last week. It will be fixed this week. This change was part of ongoing work to simplify the support for skins which do not have active maintainers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301203] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-08|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-09|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-10|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W10"/> </div> 21:16, 7 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22958074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Tech News: 2022-11]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Wikipedia Android app [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Communication#Updates|it is now possible]] to change the toolbar at the bottom so the tools you use more often are easier to click on. The app now also has a focused reading mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296753][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254771] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with the collection of some page-view data from June 2021 to January 2022 on all wikis. This means the statistics are incomplete. To help calculate which projects and regions were most affected, relevant datasets are being retained for 30 extra days. You can [[m:Talk:Data_retention_guidelines#Added_exception_for_page_views_investigation|read more on Meta-wiki]]. * There was a problem with the databases on March 10. All wikis were unreachable for logged-in users for 12 minutes. Logged-out users could read pages but could not edit or access uncached content then. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incident_documentation/2022-03-10_MediaWiki_availability] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.38/Roadmap|calendar]]). * When [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message#Finding_messages_and_documentation|using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>uselang=qqx</code></bdi> to find localisation messages]], it will now show all possible message keys for navigation tabs such as "{{int:vector-view-history}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300069] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Access to [[{{#special:RevisionDelete}}]] has been expanded to include users who have <code dir=ltr>deletelogentry</code> and <code dir=ltr>deletedhistory</code> rights through their group memberships. Before, only those with the <code dir=ltr>deleterevision</code> right could access this special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301928] * On the [[{{#special:Undelete}}]] pages for diffs and revisions, there will be a link back to the main Undelete page with the list of revisions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284114] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has announced the IP Masking implementation strategy and next steps. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#feb25|announcement can be read here]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Android FAQ|Wikipedia Android app]] developers are working on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Communication|new functions]] for user talk pages and article talk pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T297617] '''Events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place as a hybrid event on 20-22 May 2022. The Hackathon will be held online and there are grants available to support local in-person meetups around the world. Grants can be requested until 20 March. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W11"/> </div> 22:08, 14 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=22993074 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Tech News: 2022-12]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translations]] are available. '''New code release schedule for this week''' * There will be four MediaWiki releases this week, instead of just one. This is an experiment which should lead to fewer problems and to faster feature updates. The releases will be on all wikis, at different times, on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Release Engineering Team/Trainsperiment week|read more about this project]]. '''Recent changes''' * You can now set how many search results to show by default in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|your Preferences]]. This was the 12th most popular wish in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Results|Community Wishlist Survey 2022]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T215716] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Jupyter notebooks tool [[wikitech:PAWS|PAWS]] has been updated to a new interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295043] '''Future changes''' * Interactive maps via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will soon work on wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions]] extension. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Kartographer-Workflows-EN/ Please tell us] which improvements you want to see in Kartographer. You can take this survey in simple English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W12"/> </div> 16:01, 21 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23034693 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Tech News: 2022-13]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a simple new Wikimedia Commons upload tool available for macOS users, [[c:Commons:Sunflower|Sunflower]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of regular database maintenance. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-29|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-03-31|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301850][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W13"/> </div> 19:55, 28 March 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23073711 --> == [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Tech News: 2022-14]] == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, edits that were suggested to newcomers were not tagged in the [[{{#special:recentchanges}}]] feed. This bug has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304747] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * Starting next week, Tech News' title will be translatable. When the newsletter is distributed, its title may not be <code dir=ltr>Tech News: 2022-14</code> anymore. It may affect some filters that have been set up by some communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302920] * Over the next few months, the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" Growth feature [[phab:T304110|will become available to more Wikipedias]]. Each week, a few wikis will get the feature. You can test this tool at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth#deploymentstable|a few wikis where "Link recommendation" is already available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W14"/> </div> 21:01, 4 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23097604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new public status page at <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimediastatus.net/ www.wikimediastatus.net]</span>. This site shows five automated high-level metrics where you can see the overall health and performance of our wikis' technical environment. It also contains manually-written updates for widespread incidents, which are written as quickly as the engineers are able to do so while also fixing the actual problem. The site is separated from our production infrastructure and hosted by an external service, so that it can be accessed even if the wikis are briefly unavailable. You can [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/03/31/announcing-www-wikimediastatus-net/ read more about this project]. * On Wiktionary wikis, the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W15"/> </div> 19:45, 11 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23124108 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-19|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-21|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]). * Administrators will now have [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/(Un)delete associated talk page|the option to delete/undelete the associated "Talk" page]] when they are deleting a given page. An API endpoint with this option is also available. This concludes the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Admins and patrollers/(Un)delete associated talk page|11th wish of the 2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * On [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#test-wikis|selected wikis]], 50% of logged-in users will see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Table of contents|table of contents]]. When scrolling up and down the page, the table of contents will stay in the same place on the screen. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Desktop Improvements]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304169] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Message boxes produced by MediaWiki code will no longer have these CSS classes: <code dir=ltr>successbox</code>, <code dir=ltr>errorbox</code>, <code dir=ltr>warningbox</code>. The styles for those classes and <code dir=ltr>messagebox</code> will be removed from MediaWiki core. This only affects wikis that use these classes in wikitext, or change their appearance within site-wide CSS. Please review any local usage and definitions for these classes you may have. This was previously announced in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/09|28 February issue of Tech News]]. '''Future changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] will become compatible with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevisions page stabilization]]. Kartographer maps will also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions] The Kartographer documentation has been thoroughly updated. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Getting_started] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/Maps] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W16"/> </div> 23:12, 18 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23167004 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group1.dblist many wikis] (group 1), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-04-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-04-26|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]). * Some very old browsers and operating systems are no longer supported. Some things on the wikis might look weird or not work in very old browsers like Internet Explorer 9 or 10, Android 4, or Firefox 38 or older. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306486] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W17"/> </div> 22:56, 25 April 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23187115 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/dblists/group2.dblist all remaining wikis] (group 2), the software to play videos and audio files on pages has now changed. The old player has been removed. Some audio players will become wider after this change. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:TimedMediaHandler/VideoJS_Player|The new player]] has been a beta feature for over four years. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100106][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248418] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The developers are working on talk pages in the [[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS|Wikipedia app for iOS]]. You can [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9GBcHczQGLbQWTY give feedback]. You can take the survey in English, German, Hebrew or Chinese. * [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements#Status_and_next_steps|Most wikis]] will receive an [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/VisualEditor_template_dialog_improvements|improved template dialog]] in VisualEditor and New Wikitext mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T296759] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306967] * If you use syntax highlighting while editing wikitext, you can soon activate a [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Improved_Color_Scheme_of_Syntax_Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|colorblind-friendly color scheme]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306867] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Several CSS IDs related to MediaWiki interface messages will be removed. Technical editors should please [[phab:T304363|review the list of IDs and links to their existing uses]]. These include <code dir=ltr>#mw-anon-edit-warning</code>, <code dir=ltr>#mw-undelete-revision</code> and 3 others. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W18"/> </div> 19:34, 2 মে' 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23232924 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see categories in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia app for Android]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73966] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem with Wikidata's search autocomplete. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307586] * Last week, all wikis had slow access or no access for 20 minutes, for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a problem with a database change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307647] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305217#7894966] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation#Current issues|Incompatibility issues]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] and the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]] will be fixed: Deployment is planned for May 10 on all wikis. Kartographer will then be enabled on the [[phab:T307348|five wikis which have not yet enabled the extension]] on May 24. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] skin will be set as the default on several more wikis, including Arabic and Catalan Wikipedias. Logged-in users will be able to switch back to the old Vector (2010). See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|latest update]] about Vector (2022). '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place on 17 May. The following meetings are currently planned for: 7 June, 21 June, 5 July, 19 July. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W19"/> </div> 15:23, 9 মে' 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23256717 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * Some wikis can soon use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|add a link]] feature. This will start on Wednesday. The wikis are {{int:project-localized-name-cawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-svwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022|Wikimedia Hackathon 2022]] will take place online on May 20–22. It will be in English. There are also local [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2022/Meetups|hackathon meetups]] in Germany, Ghana, Greece, India, Nigeria and the United States. Technically interested Wikimedians can work on software projects and learn new skills. You can also host a session or post a project you want to work on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You can soon edit translatable pages in the visual editor. Translatable pages exist on for examples Meta and Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/05/12/mediawiki-1-38-brings-support-for-editing-translatable-pages-with-the-visual-editor/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W20"/> </div> 18:58, 16 মে' 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23291515 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Administrators using the mobile web interface can now access Special:Block directly from user pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307341] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wiktionary.org/ www.wiktionary.org]</span> portal page now uses an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304629] '''Problems''' * The Growth team maintains a mentorship program for newcomers. Previously, newcomers weren't able to opt out from the program. Starting May 19, 2022, newcomers are able to fully opt out from Growth mentorship, in case they do not wish to have any mentor at all. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287915] * Some editors cannot access the content translation tool if they load it by clicking from the contributions menu. This problem is being worked on. It should still work properly if accessed directly via Special:ContentTranslation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308802] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and user scripts developers are invited to give feedback on a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Extension:Gadget/Policy|proposed technical policy]] aiming to improve support from MediaWiki developers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308686] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W21"/> </div> 00:21, 24 May 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23317250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] extension, an <code dir=ltr>ip_in_ranges()</code> function has been introduced to check if an IP is in any of the ranges. Wikis are advised to combine multiple <code dir=ltr>ip_in_range()</code> expressions joined by <code>|</code> into a single expression for better performance. You can use the search function on [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]] to locate its usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T305017] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature|IP Info feature]] which helps abuse fighters access information about IPs, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May 24, 2022|has been deployed]] to all wikis as a beta feature. This comes after weeks of beta testing on test.wikipedia.org. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-05-31|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at most wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|Advanced item]] The [[:mw:Special:ApiHelp/query+usercontribs|list=usercontribs API]] will support fetching contributions from an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks#Non-technical explanation|IP range]] soon. API users can set the <code>uciprange</code> parameter to get contributions from any IP range within [[:mw:Manual:$wgRangeContributionsCIDRLimit|the limit]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T177150] * A new parser function will be introduced: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{=}}</nowiki></code></bdi>. It will replace existing templates named "=". It will insert an [[w:en:Equals sign|equal sign]]. This can be used to escape the equal sign in the parameter values of templates. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91154] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W22"/> </div> 20:29, 30 May 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23340178 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>str_replace_regexp()</code></bdi> function can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to replace parts of text using a [[w:en:Regular expression|regular expression]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285468] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W23"/> </div> 02:46, 7 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23366979 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * All wikis can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps. Kartographer maps now also work on pages with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Project_descriptions][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307348] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-14|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300471] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-abwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-acewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-adywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-akwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-alswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-amwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-anwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-angwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-arzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-astwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-atjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-avwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-aywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-azbwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304548] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New topic tool|New Topic Tool]] will be deployed for all editors at Commons, Wikidata, and some other wikis soon. You will be able to opt out from within the tool and in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|Preferences]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/New_discussion][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287804] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place today (13 June). The following meetings will take place on: 28 June, 12 July, 26 July. '''Future changes''' * By the end of July, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]] skin should be ready to become the default across all wikis. Discussions on how to adjust it to the communities' needs will begin in the next weeks. It will always be possible to revert to the previous version on an individual basis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2022-04 for the largest wikis|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W24"/> </div> 16:59, 13 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23389956 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android|Wikipedia App for Android]] now has an option for editing the whole page at once, located in the overflow menu (three-dots menu [[File:Ic more vert 36px.svg|15px|link=|alt=]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T103622] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some recent database changes may affect queries using the [[m:Research:Quarry|Quarry tool]]. Queries for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>site_stats</code></bdi> at English Wikipedia, Commons, and Wikidata will need to be updated. [[phab:T306589|Read more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>user_global_editcount</code></bdi> variable can be used in [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]] to avoid affecting globally active users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T130439] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Users of non-responsive skins (e.g. MonoBook or Vector) on mobile devices may notice a slight change in the default zoom level. This is intended to optimize zooming and ensure all interface elements are present on the page (for example the table of contents on Vector 2022). In the unlikely event this causes any problems with how you use the site, we'd love to understand better, please ping <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Jon (WMF)|Jon (WMF)]]</span> to any on-wiki conversations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306910] '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid's HTML output will soon stop annotating file links with different <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>typeof</code></bdi> attribute values, and instead use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:File</code></bdi> for all types. Tool authors should adjust any code that expects: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Image</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Audio</code></bdi>, or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw:Video</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273505] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W25"/> </div> 20:18, 20 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23425855 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] API service now has self-service accounts with free on-demand requests and monthly snapshots ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/ API documentation]). Community access [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#community-access|via database dumps & Wikimedia Cloud Services]] continues. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wiktionary#lua|All Wikimedia wikis can now use Wikidata Lexemes in Lua]] after creating local modules and templates. Discussions are welcome [[d:Wikidata_talk:Lexicographical_data#You_can_now_reuse_Wikidata_Lexemes_on_all_wikis|on the project talk page]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-28|en}} at 06:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311033] * Some global and cross-wiki services will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-06-30|en}} at 06:00 UTC. This will impact ContentTranslation, Echo, StructuredDiscussions, Growth experiments and a few more services. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T300472] * Users will be able to sort columns within sortable tables in the mobile skin. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233340] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (28 June). The following meetings will take place on 12 July and 26 July. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W26"/> </div> 20:03, 27 June 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23453785 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-05|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-07|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] This change only affects pages in the main namespace in Wikisource. The Javascript config variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>proofreadpage_source_href</code></bdi> will be removed from <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/JavaScript#mw.config|mw.config]]</code></bdi> and be replaced with the variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpSourceIndexPage</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309490] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W27"/> </div> 19:32, 4 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23466250 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], the page title is now displayed above the tabs such as Discussion, Read, Edit, View history, or More. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates#Page title/tabs switch|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] It is now possible to easily view most of the configuration settings that apply to just one wiki, and to compare settings between two wikis if those settings are different. For example: [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=jawiktionary Japanese Wiktionary settings], or [https://noc.wikimedia.org/wiki.php?wiki=eswiki&compare=eowiki settings that are different between the Spanish and Esperanto Wikipedias]. Local communities may want to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting_wiki_configuration_changes|discuss and propose changes]] to their local settings. Details about each of the named settings can be found by [[mw:Special:Search|searching MediaWiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308932] *The Anti-Harassment Tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#May|recently deployed]] the IP Info Feature as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature at all wikis]]. This feature allows abuse fighters to access information about IP addresses. Please check our update on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Info feature#April|how to find and use the tool]]. Please share your feedback using a link you will be given within the tool itself. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-07-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout July. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W28"/> </div> 19:25, 11 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23502519 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * The feature on mobile web for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:NearbyPages|Nearby Pages]] was missing last week. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312864] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Forum|Technical Decision Forum]] is seeking [[mw:Technical_decision_making/Community_representation|community representatives]]. You can apply on wiki or by emailing <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">TDFSupport@wikimedia.org</span> before 12 August. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W29"/> </div> 23:00, 18 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23517957 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikibooks.org/ www.wikibooks.org]</span> and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiquote.org/ www.wikiquote.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. Other [[m:Project_portals|project portals]] will be updated over the next few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Problems''' * Last week, some wikis were in read-only mode for a few minutes because of an emergency switch of their main database ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313383] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-07-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The external link icon will change slightly in the skins Vector legacy and Vector 2022. The new icon uses simpler shapes to be more recognizable on low-fidelity screens. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T261391] * Administrators will now see buttons on user pages for "{{int:changeblockip}}" and "{{int:unblockip}}" instead of just "{{int:blockip}}" if the user is already blocked. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308570] '''Future meetings''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|open meeting with the Web team]] about Vector (2022) will take place tomorrow (26 July). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W30"/> </div> 19:27, 25 July 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23545370 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Improved [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Phantom|LaTeX capabilities for math rendering]] are now available in the wikis thanks to supporting <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Phantom</code></bdi> tags. This completes part of [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Editing/Missing_LaTeX_capabilities_for_math_rendering|the #59 wish]] of the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup0.dblist Group 0]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. '''Future meetings''' * This week, three meetings about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector (2022)]] with live interpretation will take place. On Tuesday, interpretation in Russian will be provided. On Thursday, meetings for Arabic and Spanish speakers will take place. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/Talk to Web|See how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W31"/> </div> 21:22, 1 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23615613 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script|GUS2Wiki]] copies the information from [[{{#special:GadgetUsage}}]] to an on-wiki page so you can review its history. If your project isn't already listed on the [[d:Q113143828|Wikidata entry for Project:GUS2Wiki]] you can either run GUS2Wiki yourself or [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:GUS2Wiki/Script#Opting|make a request to receive updates]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121049] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-09|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-11|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future meetings''' * The [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon|Wikimania Hackathon]] will take place online from August 12–14. Don't miss [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|the pre-hacking showcase]] to learn about projects and find collaborators. Anyone can [[phab:/project/board/6030/|propose a project]] or [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Schedule|host a session]]. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/Hackathon/Newcomers|Newcomers are welcome]]! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W32"/> </div> 19:50, 8 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23627807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Persian (Farsi) Wikipedia community decided to block IP editing from October 2021 to April 2022. The Wikimedia Foundation's Product Analytics team tracked the impact of this change. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/IP Editing Restriction Study/Farsi Wikipedia|An impact report]] is now available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-16|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-18|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s8.dblist targeted wikis]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] will be available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup1.dblist Group 1]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. '''Future changes''' * The Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated throughout August. Discussions will look different. You can see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Prototype|some of the proposed changes]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#4_August_2022][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312672] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W33"/> </div> 21:09, 15 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23658001 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Two problems with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps have been fixed. Maps are no longer shown as empty when a geoline was created via VisualEditor. Geolines consisting of points with QIDs (e.g., subway lines) are no longer shown with pushpins. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292613][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308560] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-25|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * The colours of links and visited links will change. This is to make the difference between links and other text more clear. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T213778] '''Future changes''' * The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications#12 August 2022|helps newcomers get answers]]. The Editing team is enabling this tool everywhere. You can turn it off in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T284489] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W34"/> </div> 00:13, 23 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23675501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor/Realtime_Preview|Realtime Preview]] is available as a Beta Feature on wikis in [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists%2Fgroup2.dblist Group 2]. This feature was built in order to fulfill [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2021/Real_Time_Preview_for_Wikitext|one of the Community Wishlist Survey proposals]]. Please note that when this Beta feature is enabled, it may cause conflicts with some wiki-specific Gadgets. '''Problems''' * In recent months, there have been inaccurate numbers shown for various [[{{#special:statistics}}]] at Commons, Wikidata, and English Wikipedia. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315693] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-08-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-08-30|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-01|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation wants to improve how Wikimedia communities report harmful incidents by building the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System|Private Incident Reporting System (PIRS)]] to make it easy and safe for users to make reports. You can leave comments on the talk page, by answering the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System#Phase 1|questions provided]]. If you have ever faced a harmful situation that you wanted to report/reported, join a PIRS interview to share your experience. To sign up [[m:Special:EmailUser/MAna_(WMF)|please email]] <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:MAna (WMF)|Madalina Ana]]</span>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W35"/> </div> 23:06, 29 August 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23725814 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-06|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-09-08|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On Special pages that only have one tab, the tab-bar's row will be hidden in the Vector-2022 skin to save space. The row will still show if Gadgets use it. Gadgets that currently append directly to the CSS id of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#p-namespaces</code></bdi> should be updated to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortletLink|mw.util.addPortletLink]]</code></bdi> function instead. Gadgets that style this id should consider also targeting <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#p-associated-pages</code></bdi>, the new id for this row. [[phab:T316908|Examples are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316908][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313409] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W36"/> </div> 23:22, 5 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23757743 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The search servers have been upgraded to a new major version. If you notice any issues with searching, please report them on [[phab:project/view/1849/|Phabricator]]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/XPCTYYTN67FVFKN6XOHULJVGUO44J662] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|Syntax highlighting]] is now tracked as an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgExpensiveParserFunctionLimit|expensive parser function]]. Only 500 expensive function calls can be used on a single page. Pages that exceed the limit are added to a [[:Category:{{MediaWiki:expensive-parserfunction-category}}|tracking category]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316858] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W37"/> </div> 01:50, 13 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23787318 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two database fields in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>templatelinks</nowiki></code></bdi> table are now being dropped: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_namespace</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_title</nowiki></code></bdi>. Any queries that rely on these fields need to be changed to use the new normalization field called <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tl_target_id</nowiki></code></bdi>. See <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T299417|T299417]]</span> for more information. This is part of [[w:Database normalization|normalization]] of links tables. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/U2U6TXIBABU3KDCVUOITIGI5OJ4COBSW/][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:ASarabadani_(WMF)/Database_for_devs_toolkit/Concepts/Normalization] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * In [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps, you can use icons on markers for common points of interest. On Tuesday, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer/Icons|previous icon set]] will be updated to [https://de.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Hilfe:Extension:Kartographer/Icons version maki 7.2]. That means, around 100 new icons will be available. Additionally, all existing icons were updated for clarity and to make them work better in international contexts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302861][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation#Update_maki_icons] '''Future changes''' * In a [[m:Content_Partnerships_Hub/Software/Volunteer_developers_discussion_at_Wikimania_2022|group discussion at Wikimania]], more than 30 people talked about how to make content partnership software in the Wikimedia movement more sustainable. What kind of support is acceptable for volunteer developers? Read the summary and [[m:Talk:Content Partnerships Hub/Software/Volunteer developers discussion at Wikimania 2022|leave your feedback]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W38"/> </div> <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</span> 22:16, 19 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23826293 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Parsoid clients should be updated to allow for space-separated multi-values in the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>rel</code></bdi> attribute of links. Further details are in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T315209|T315209]]</bdi>. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-09-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|Visual diffs]] will become available to all users, except at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. They should be easier to use and provide more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile] * In the [[mw:Lua/Scripting|{{ns:828}}]] namespace, pages ending with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>.json</code></bdi> will be treated as JSON, just like they already are in the {{ns:2}} and {{ns:8}} namespaces. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T144475] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:30, 27 September 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23860085 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now show geopoints from Wikidata, via QID or SPARQL query. Previously, this was only possible for geoshapes and geolines. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T307695] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints_via_QID] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award 2022]] is looking for nominations. You can recommend tools until 12 October. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|Talk pages on the mobile site]] will change at the Arabic, Bangla, Chinese, French, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Korean, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. They should be easier to use and provide more information. (Last week's release was delayed) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318302] [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Mobile] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>scribunto-console</code></bdi> API module will require a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Tokens|CSRF token]]. This module is documented as internal and use of it is not supported. [[phab:T212071|[5]]] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikimedia projects. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#Deployment_plan_and_timeline|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:24, 4 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23885489 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * On some wikis, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps in full size view will be able to display nearby articles. After a feedback period, more wikis will follow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316782][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W41"/> </div> 14:09, 10 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23912412 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The recently implemented feature of [[phab:T306883|article thumbnails in Special:Search]] will be limited to Wikipedia projects only. Further details are in [[phab:T320510|T320510]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Data_Across_Wikimedia/Search_Improvements] * A bug that caused problems in loading article thumbnails in Special:Search has been fixed. Further details are in [[phab:T320406|T320406]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.39/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#mw.loadJsonData|mw.loadJsonData()]]</code></bdi> to load data from JSON pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217500] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Lua module authors can enable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Strict_library|require( "strict" )]]</code></bdi> to add errors for some possible code problems. This replaces "[[wikidata:Q16748603|Module:No globals]]" on most wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T209310] '''Future changes''' * The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] will be updated at most wikis. The "{{int:discussiontools-replylink}}" button will look different after this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320683] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:46, 17 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23943992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There have been some minor visual fixes in Special:Search, regarding audio player alignment and image placeholder height. Further details are in [[phab:T319230|T319230]]. * On Wikipedias, a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-searchoptions|preference]] has been added to hide article thumbnails in Special:Search. Full details are in [[phab:T320337|T320337]]. '''Problems''' * Last week, three wikis ({{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruwiki/en}}) had read-only access for 25 minutes. This was caused by a hardware problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320990] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-25|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-10-27|en}} at 7:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s4.dblist targeted wikis]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-aswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-banwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-barwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bat smgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bclwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-be x oldwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-biwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bjnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bpywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-brwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bxrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304549] * Starting on Wednesday October 26, 2022, the list of mentors will be upgraded [[d:Q14339834 | at wikis where Growth mentorship is available]]. The mentorship system will continue to work as it does now. The signup process [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#add|will be replaced]], and a new management option will be provided. Also, this change simplifies [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list#create|the creation of mentorship systems at Wikipedias]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314858][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T310905][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured_mentor_list] * Pages with titles that start with a lower-case letter according to Unicode 11 will be renamed or deleted. There is a list of affected pages at <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:Unicode 11 case map migration]]</bdi>. More information can be found at [[phab:T292552|T292552]]. * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default across the smallest Wikipedias. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements#smallest-1|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Topic tool]] will soon get a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|special characters menu]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249072] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:23, 24 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23975411 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * When using keyboard navigation on a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map, the focus will become more visible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T315997] * In {{#special:RecentChanges}}, you can now hide the log entries for new user creations with the filter for "{{int:rcfilters-filter-newuserlogactions-label}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321155] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|maps dialog]] in VisualEditor now has some help texts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318818] * It is now possible to select the language of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor via a dropdown menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318817] * It is now possible to add a caption to a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318815] * It is now possible to hide the frame of a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] map in VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318813] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:16, 31 October 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=23977539 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An updated version of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/EventCenter/Registration|Event Registration]] tool is now available for testing at [[testwiki:|testwiki]] and [[test2wiki:| test2wiki]]. The tool provides features for event organizers and participants. Your feedback is welcome at our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|project talkpage]]. More information about [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|the project]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318592] '''Problems''' * Twice last week, for about 45 minutes, some files and thumbnails failed to load and uploads failed, mostly for logged-in users. The cause is being investigated and an incident report will be available soon. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:32, 8 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24001035 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At Wikidata, an interwiki link can now point to a redirect page if certain conditions are met. This new feature is called [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Sitelinks_to_redirects|sitelinks to redirects]]. It is needed when one wiki uses one page to cover multiple concepts but another wiki uses more pages to cover the same concepts. Your [[wikidata:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata talk:Sitelinks to redirects|feedback on the talkpage]] of the new proposed guideline is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T278962] * The <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikinews.org/ www.wikinews.org]</span>, <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikiversity.org/ www.wikiversity.org]</span>, and <span class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikivoyage.org/ www.wikivoyage.org]</span> portal pages now use an automated update system. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273179] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * There will be a new link to directly "Edit template data" on Template pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316759] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis where mobile [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] are enabled ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Deployment Status|these ones]]) will soon use full CSS styling to display any templates that are placed at the top of talk pages. To adapt these “talk page boxes” for narrow mobile devices you can use media queries, such as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Message_box/tmbox.css&oldid=1097618699#L-69 this example]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312309] * Starting in January 2023, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2023 Changes Update|running the Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) every two years]]. This means that in 2024, there will be no new proposals or voting. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:55, 14 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The display of non-free media in the search bar and for article thumbnails in Special:Search has been deactivated. Further details are in [[phab:T320661|T320661]]. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-22|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s2.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-24|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s7.dblist targeted wikis]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 21 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24071290 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * A new preference, “Enable limited width mode”, has been added to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|Vector 2022 skin]]. The preference is also available as a toggle on every page if your monitor is 1600 pixels or wider. It allows for increasing the width of the page for logged-out and logged-in users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319449] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-11-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2022-11-29|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s3.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2022-12-01|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s1.dblist targeted wikis]). * Mathematical formulas shown in SVG image format will no longer have PNG fall-backs for browsers that don't support them. This is part of work to modernise the generation system. Showing only PNG versions was the default option until in February 2018. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3BGOKWJIZGL4TC4HJ22ICRU2SEPWGCR4/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311620][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T186327] * On [[phab:P40224|some wikis]] that use flagged revisions, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:FlaggedRevs#Special:Contributions|a new checkbox will be added]] to Special:Contributions that enables you to see only the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Pending changes|pending changes]] by a user. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321445] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change early next week at [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train#Wednesday group1 wikis] (but not Wikimedia Commons or Meta-Wiki). This change improves the accessibility of content, and makes it easier to write related CSS. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:03, 28 November 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24114342 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Wikisources use a tool called ProofreadPage. ProofreadPage uses OpenSeadragon which is an open source tool. The OpenSeadragon JavaScript API has been significantly re-written to support dynamically loading images. The functionality provided by the older version of the API should still work but it is no longer supported. User scripts and gadgets should migrate over to the newer version of the API. The functionality provided by the newer version of the API is [[mw:Extension:Proofread_Page/Page_viewer#JS_API|documented on MediaWiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Proofread_Page/Edit-in-Sequence] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 6 December 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24151590 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * An [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|A/B test has begun]] at 15 Wikipedias for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools on mobile]]. Half of the editors on the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile|mobile web site]] will have access to the {{int:discussiontools-replybutton}} tool and other features. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321961] * The character <code>=</code> cannot be used in new usernames, to make usernames work better with templates. Existing usernames are not affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T254045] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2022-12-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Phase_1:_Topic_containers|show discussion metadata below section headings]] will be inserted after these headings, not inside of them. This change improves the accessibility of discussion pages for screen reader software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314714] '''Events''' * The fourth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest_Tool_Award|Coolest Tool Award]] will happen online on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1671210002 Friday 16 December 2022 at 17:00 UTC]! The event will be live-streamed on YouTube in the [https://www.youtube.com/user/watchmediawiki MediaWiki channel] and added to Commons afterwards. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:35, 12 December 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24216570 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2022-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2022-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * Because of the [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|holidays]] the next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 9 January 2023. '''Recent changes''' * On a user's contributions page, you can filter it for edits with a tag like 'reverted'. Now, you can also filter for all edits that are not tagged like that. This was part of a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T119072] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] A new function has been used for gadget developers to add content underneath the title on article pages. This is considered a stable API that should work across all skins. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addSubtitle|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316830] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[test2wiki:|One of our test wikis]] is now being served from a new infrastructure powered by [[w:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] ([[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more]]). More Wikis will switch to this new infrastructure in early 2023. Please test and let us know of any issues. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290536] '''Problems''' * Last week, all wikis had no edit access for 9 minutes. This was caused by a database problem. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2022-12-13_sessionstore] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. * The word "{{int:discussiontools-replybutton}}" is very short in some languages, such as Arabic ("<bdi lang="ar">ردّ</bdi>"). This makes the {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} button on talk pages difficult to use. An arrow icon will be added to those languages. This will only be visible to editors who have the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] turned on. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323537] '''Future changes''' * Edits can be automatically "tagged" by the system software or the {{int:Abusefilter}} system. Those tags link to a help page about the tags. Soon they will also link to Recent Changes to let you see other edits tagged this way. This was a Community Wishlist 2022 request. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T301063] * The Trust & Safety tools team [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Private Incident Reporting System/Timeline and Updates|have shared new plans]] for building the Private Incident Reporting System. The system will make it easier for editors to ask for help if they are harassed or abused. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime Preview for Wikitext]] is coming out of beta as an enabled feature for every user of the 2010 Wikitext [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editor|editor]] in the week of January 9, 2023. It will be available to use via the toolbar in the 2010 Wikitext editor. The feature was the 4th most popular wish of the Community Wishlist Survey 2021. '''Events''' * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2023/Participate|register for the Wikimedia Hackathon 2023]], taking place on May 19–21 in Athens, Greece. You can also apply for a scholarship until January 14th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2022/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2022-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:00, 20 December 2022 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24258101 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can use tags to filter edits in the recent changes feed or on your watchlist. You can now use tags to filter out edits you don't want to see. Previously you could only use tags to focus on the edits with those tags. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T174349] * [[Special:WhatLinksHere|Special:WhatLinksHere]] shows all pages that link to a specific page. There is now a [https://wlh.toolforge.org prototype] for how to sort those pages alphabetically. You can see the discussion in the [[phab:T4306|Phabricator ticket]]. * You can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thanks]] function on your watchlist and the user contribution page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51541] * A wiki page can be moved to give it a new name. You can now get a dropdown menu with common reasons when you move a page. This is so you don't have to write the explanation every time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325257] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Matrix.org|Matrix]] is a chat tool. You can now use <code>matrix:</code> to create Matrix links on wiki pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326021] * You can filter out translations when you look at the recent changes on multilingual wikis. This didn't hide translation pages. You can now also hide subpages which are translation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T233493] '''Changes later this week''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|Realtime preview for wikitext]] is a tool which lets editors preview the page when they edit wikitext. It will be enabled for all users of the 2010 wikitext editor. You will find it in the editor toolbar. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] Some wikis will be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. It will be performed on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist targeted wikis]) and on {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} at 07:00 UTC ([https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s6.dblist targeted wikis]). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 10 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24342971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The URLs in "{{int:last}}" links on page history now contain <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=prev&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi> in place of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>diff=[revision ID]&oldid=[revision ID]</nowiki></code></bdi>. This is to fix a problem with links pointing to incorrect diffs when history was filtered by a tag. Some user scripts may break as a result of this change. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243569] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|changes to the appearance of talk pages]] have only been available on <code>{{ns:1}}:</code> and <code>{{ns:3}}:</code> namespaces. These will be extended to other talk namespaces, such as <code>{{ns:5}}:</code>. They will continue to be unavailable in non-talk namespaces, including <code>{{ns:4}}:</code> pages (e.g., at the Village Pump). You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|change your preferences]] ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T325417] *On Wikisources, when an image is zoomed or panned in the Page: namespace, the same zoom and pan settings will be remembered for all Page: namespace pages that are linked to a particular Index: namespace page. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/ProofreadPage/+/868841] * The Vector 2022 skin will become the default for the English Wikipedia desktop users. The change will take place on January 18 at 15:00 UTC. [[:en:w:Wikipedia:Vector 2022|Learn more]]. '''Future changes''' * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]], which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts next week on 23 January 2023 at 18:00 UTC. You can start drafting your proposals in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:11, 17 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24381020 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, all wikis were unreachable for logged-in users and non-cached pages. This was caused by a timing issue. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-17_MediaWiki] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * If you have the Beta Feature for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|DiscussionTools]] enabled, the appearance of talk pages will add more information about discussion activity. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Usability#Status][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317907] * The 2023 edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey]] (CWS), which invites contributors to make technical proposals and vote for tools and improvements, starts on Monday 23 January 2023 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496814 18:00 UTC]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:46, 23 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24418874 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, for ~15 minutes, some users were unable to log in or edit pages. This was caused by a problem with session storage. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-01-24_sessionstore_quorum_issues] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-01-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Wikis that use localized numbering schemes for references need to add new CSS. This will help to show citation numbers the same way in all reading and editing modes. If your wiki would prefer to do it yourselves, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|details and example CSS to copy from]], and also add your wiki to the list. Otherwise, the developers will directly help out starting the week of February 5. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 31 January 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24455949 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022 skin]], logged-out users using the full-width toggle will be able to see the setting of their choice even after refreshing pages or opening new ones. This only applies to wikis where Vector 2022 is the default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321498] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Previously, we announced when some wikis would be in read-only for a few minutes because of a switch of their main database. These switches will not be announced any more, as the read-only time has become non-significant. Switches will continue to happen at 7AM UTC on Tuesdays and Thursdays. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T292543#8568433] * Across all the wikis, in the Vector 2022 skin, logged-in users will see the page-related links such as "What links here" in a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Features/Page_tools|new side menu]]. It will be displayed on the other side of the screen. This change had previously been made on Czech, English, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328692] *[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] will stop receiving new proposals on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1675706431 Monday, 6 February 2023, at 18:00 UTC]. Proposers should complete any edits by then, to give time for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey/Help_us|translations]] and review. Voting will begin on Friday, 10 February. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets and user scripts will be changing to load on desktop and mobile sites. Previously they would only load on the desktop site. It is recommended that wiki administrators audit the [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition|gadget definitions]] prior to this change, and add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins=…</code></bdi> for any gadgets which should not load on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610 More details are available]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:21, 6 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24491749 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * On wikis where patrolled edits are enabled, changes made to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Communities/How to configure the mentors' list|mentor list]] by autopatrolled mentors are not correctly marked as patrolled. It will be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328444] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Reply tool and other parts of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Mobile|DiscussionTools]] will be deployed for all editors using the mobile site. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|read more about this decision]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298060] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:49, 14 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24540832 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, during planned maintenance of Cloud Services, unforeseen complications forced the team to turn off all tools for 2–3 hours to prevent data corruption. Work is ongoing to prevent similar problems in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329535] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). *The voting phase for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023|Community Wishlist Survey 2023]] ends on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677261621 24 February at 18:00 UTC]. The results of the survey will be announced on 28 February. '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328287][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327920][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:58, 21 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24570514 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, in some areas of the world, there were problems with loading pages for 20 minutes and saving edits for 55 minutes. These issues were caused by a problem with our caching servers due to unforseen events during a routine maintenance task. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_wiki_outage][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-02-22_read_only] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-02-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 1. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1677679222 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 27 February 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24634242 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Community Wishlist Survey 2023 edition has been concluded. Community Tech has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|published the results]] of the survey and will provide an update on what is next in April 2023. * On wikis which use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Writing_systems|LanguageConverter]] to handle multiple writing systems, articles which used custom conversion rules in the wikitext (primarily on Chinese Wikipedia) would have these rules applied inconsistently in the table of contents, especially in the Vector 2022 skin. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306862] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * A search system has been added to the [[Special:Preferences|Preferences screen]]. This will let you find different options more easily. Making it work on mobile devices will happen soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313804] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 6 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24676916 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-cbk_zamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cdowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cebwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-chywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ckbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-csbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304542][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304550] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:20, 13 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24700189 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Last week, some users experienced issues loading image thumbnails. This was due to incorrectly cached images. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331820] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A link to the user's [[{{#special:CentralAuth}}]] page will appear on [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] — some user scripts which previously added this link may cause conflicts. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Admins and patrollers/Add link to CentralAuth on Special:Contributions|voted #17 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[{{#special:AbuseFilter}}]] edit window will be resizable and larger by default. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Make the AbuseFilter edit window resizable and larger by default|voted #80 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. * There will be a new option for Administrators when they are unblocking a user, to add the unblocked user’s user page to their watchlist. This will work both via [[{{#special:Unblock}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T257662] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1679677204 24 March at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Office Hours|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:26, 21 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24732558 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609] * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521] * Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:14, 28 March 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24780854 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.hoverIntent</code></bdi> module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>hover()</code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>on()</code></bdi> instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194] * Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242] * You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__ARCHIVEDTALK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. There will also be a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mw-archivedtalk</code></bdi> CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221] '''Future changes''' * The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:40, 3 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24820268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the "{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}" option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876] '''Problems''' * There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 10 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24851886 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature "{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}". Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for "{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}" for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246] '''Problems''' * At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:55, 18 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24881071 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316] '''Problems''' * Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940] * For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794] '''Changes later this week''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 24 April 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24933592 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits] * The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:45, 2 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24966974 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>wikitext</code></bdi> as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html5</code></bdi>, <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>moin</code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr"><code>html+handlebars</code></bdi>, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&section=new&preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>preload=MediaWiki:July</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337] '''Problems''' * Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like <bdi lang="de" dir="ltr">[[:de:Modul:Graph]]</bdi>. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750] '''Future changes''' * During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805] * There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] <code>jquery.tipsy</code> will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with <code>.tipsy(</code> can be commented out. <code>OO.ui.PopupWidget</code> can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:36, 9 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=24998636 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] '''Future changes''' * There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi>. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 15 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25011501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The "recent edits" time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250] '''Changes later this week''' * An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W21"/> </div> 16:55, 22 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25028325 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has "{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}" options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - "check all" checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252] '''Problems''' * For a few days earlier this month, the "Add interlanguage link" item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:04, 29 May 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25079963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750] * Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for "{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}". This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081] '''Problems''' * For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:52, 5 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25114640 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend "Who Wrote That?" tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341] * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937] * The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064] '''Problems''' * For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended <code><nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki></code> (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101] * Currently, the "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing <code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code> keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>#wpReason</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>#wpReason > input</code></bdi>. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&diff=22859956&oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529] '''Future changes''' * From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:52, 12 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25133779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. * There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing <code>\</code> or pressing <code>ctrl + shift + p</code>. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:09, 19 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25159510 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>/</code></bdi> to all <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prop=extlinks</code></bdi> responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the <code>externallinks</code> database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994] '''Problems''' * Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.mbox-text</code></bdi> CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|targets=</code></bdi> parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>|skins=</code></bdi> parameter in <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition</bdi>) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268] * All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126] * The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 26 June 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25202311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:51, 3 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25231546 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159] * [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431] * The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&messages=&x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the "Completion" for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810] * [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218] '''Future changes''' * There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] * There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:54, 10 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25278797 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-ca</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>en-gb</code></bdi> subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthsetmentorstatus</code></bdi> API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>action=growthmanagementorlist</code></bdi> API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:08, 17 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25289122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:20, 25 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25332248 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates. * The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338] * The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open "office hours"|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI] '''Problems''' * It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:54, 31 July 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25362228 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on "{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}" in your settings and use the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" button in the "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:21, 7 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25420038 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] <!-- TODO replace wiki codes --> '''Future changes''' * A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 06:00, 15 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25428668 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868] * From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages. ** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created: *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|<code>wikt:blk:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540] *** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|<code>s:su:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539] ** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are: *** Wikifunctions ([[f:|<code>f:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|<code>wikt:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|<code>w:gpe:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969] *** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|<code>n:guw:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394] *** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|<code>wikt:kbd:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266] *** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|<code>w:fat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W34"/> </div> 15:25, 21 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25497111 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166] * Wikisource users can now use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>prpbengalicurrency</code></bdi> label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><pagelist></nowiki></code></bdi> tag. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932] * Two preferences have been relocated. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}" is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|"{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab at some wikis. The preference "{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}" is now also shown on the "{{int:prefs-editing}}" tab at all wikis, instead of the "{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}" tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]</bdi>, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]]. * All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><=></code></bdi> symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]]. * A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:00, 28 August 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25510866 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763] * There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294] * One new wiki has been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|<code>w:tly:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166] '''Problems''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:34, 4 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25566983 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, "{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}" and "{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}"), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115] * When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called "[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]". Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely "newsworthy" topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 11 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25589064 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263] * All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 18 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25623533 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui</nowiki></code></bdi> modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there. * Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "namespaces" option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces. '''Future changes''' * New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_groups</bdi></code> and <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">global_account_editcount</bdi></code>. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format] '''Meetings''' * You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 26 September 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25655264 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for "{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}". This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new "<var>contentModels</var>" option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">wikitext</bdi></code> or <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">css</bdi></code>. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:27, 3 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25686930 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|<code>w:fon:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139] * At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under "Images recommendations" [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#page-actions</nowiki></code></bdi> will be replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-views</nowiki></code></bdi>. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:39, 9 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25712895 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click "Log in" or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>#p-namespaces</nowiki></code></bdi> that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the "Discussion" tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:47, 16 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25745824 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:17, 23 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25782286 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]). * The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] * Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]]. * The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 30 October 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25801989 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062] '''Problems''' * Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). * The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:06, 6 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25838105 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Four new wikis have been created: ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|<code>w:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|<code>w:dga:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218] ** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|<code>w:bbc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320] ** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|<code>q:bjn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217] '''Problems''' * Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695] * Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). '''Future changes''' * Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>meta.domain == "canary"</nowiki></code></bdi>. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:52, 13 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25859263 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]" ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] * The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711] '''Future changes''' * There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 21 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25884616 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499] * The deployment of "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]" announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:09, 27 November 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25906379 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754] * The "{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}" feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}</nowiki></code></bdi> keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398] '''Changes later this week''' * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for "{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}" will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__NEWSECTIONLINK__</nowiki></code></bdi> magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]]. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/] * Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]]. '''Events''' * Registration & Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:50, 4 December 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25914435 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the "choosing own vs not own work" step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709] '''Problems''' * There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the "impact module" and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:13, 12 December 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25945501 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2023-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2023-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News''' * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]]. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The "Move Page" feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794] '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]]. * The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2023-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 18 December 2023 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=25959059 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-02</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W02"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W02"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:20, 9 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26026251 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as "ES2015") and ES7 ("ES2016"). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>requiresES6</nowiki></code></bdi> option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957] * You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388] * An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>jquery.cookie</code></bdi> module was deprecated and replaced with the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki.cookie</code></bdi> module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966] '''Future changes''' * Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 16 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26074460 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:04, 23 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26096197 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].<!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011] * There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the "Tools" menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>targets</code></bdi> option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>skins</code></bdi> option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:31, 29 January 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26137870 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' *The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]]. *On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about "action blocks"]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199] '''Future changes''' * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:22, 5 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26180971 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation] '''Problems''' *There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:49, 13 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26223994 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * If you have the "{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}" option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984] * There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively. *Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]]. *The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid. * The CSS <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]</code></bdi> property can now be used in HTML <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>style</code></bdi> attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:37, 19 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26254282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value <code>wgGlobalGroups</code> now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get("wgGlobalGroups")))</code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>changetags</code></bdi>) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:23, 26 February 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26294125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Special:Book</code></bdi> page (as well as the associated "Create a book" functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437] * [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace. Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details. * Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Gadget_definition</code></bdi> namespaces and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>gadgets-definition-edit</code></bdi> user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272] * A usability improvement to the "Add a citation" in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233] * The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>?useparsoid=1</code></bdi> to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]). * '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 4 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26329807 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498] *The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315] '''Future changes''' * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 11 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26374013 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The notice "Language links are at the top of the page" that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/] * Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746] '''Problems''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:40, 18 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26410165 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 25 March 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26446209 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:36, 2 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26462933 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey. * Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727] * Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:38, 8 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available. '''Problems''' * Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the "{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}" tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435] * A new variable <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>page_last_edit_age</code></bdi> will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769] '''Future changes''' * Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>abuse_filter_history</code></bdi> tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 15 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26564838 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086] * You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:28, 22 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26647188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491] * Seven new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|<code>w:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|<code>w:kus:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|<code>w:igl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|<code>wikt:kaa:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|<code>s:my:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|<code>s:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|<code>s:ka:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085] * You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501] * Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]]. '''Problems''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mapstyle="osm"</nowiki></code></bdi>. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:34, 30 April 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26689057 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' [[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the <code>SiteAdminHelper</code>. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled "All public logs", but it only shows some logs. This label will now say "Main public logs". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729] '''Future changes''' * A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension. * Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]". This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:45, 6 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26729363 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__</code></bdi> to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214] * If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] "{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}", then the template-page feature "{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}" will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907] * [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. This is identical in usage to the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>alt=</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137] * The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]" feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295] '''Future changes''' * In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]</code></bdi> database table (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_title</code></bdi>) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]</code></bdi> table instead (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_namespace</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_title</code></bdi>). In your existing SQL queries: *# Replace <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN linktarget</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>pl_</code></bdi> with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>lt_</code></bdi> in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>ON</code></bdi> statement *# Below that add <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id</code></bdi> ** See <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[phab:T222224]]</bdi> for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 13 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26762074 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351] * New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:04, 20 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26786311 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.collapsible</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.multicol</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.reflist</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.coordinates</code></bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>.topicon</code></bdi>. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed. '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 28 May 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26832205 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086] * The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>" to "<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category</code></bdi>". [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|<code>w:dtp:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Future changes''' * Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:35, 3 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26844397 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-reference-text</code></bdi> class, Parsoid now also adds the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>reference-text</code></bdi> class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705] '''Problems''' * There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><span class="mw-cite-backlink"></nowiki></code></bdi> wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] * On multilingual wikis that use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><translate></nowiki></code></bdi> system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:20, 10 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26893898 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751] * The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954] * The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370] '''Problems''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph] * Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]<!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26911987 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717] * The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515] '''Problems''' * You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196] '''Changes later this week''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] * Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:33, 24 June 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=26989424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364] * Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] * If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode] * Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458] * Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|<code>w:btm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] '''Problems''' * Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119] '''Future changes''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:59, 1 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27038456 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available. '''Recent changes''' * At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. * Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia. * Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects. '''Problems''' * A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. '''Future changes''' * The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]]. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:32, 8 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27080357 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available. '''Tech News survey''' * Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available. '''Recent changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page. * The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]]. * Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]]. * Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. '''Changes later this week''' * This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help. '''Future changes''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895] * Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:31, 16 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27124561 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available. '''Feature News''' * Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public. * Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] * Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329] * Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. * Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/] '''Project Updates''' * Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language. '''Learn more''' * Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. * How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]]. </div><section end="technews-2024-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:05, 23 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27142915 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]]. '''Bugs status''' * Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing. * Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week. '''Project updates''' * There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]]. * There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|<code>voy:cs:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] '''Learn more''' * There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times. * There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images. * Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:11, 29 July 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27164109 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>. These will reduce the need for <code>Template:Dir</code> and <code>Template:BCP47</code> on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the "what links here" database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623] * Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces. * The tracking category "Pages using Timeline" has been renamed to "Pages using the EasyTimeline extension" [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. '''Project updates''' * Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]]. '''Learn more''' * There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]]. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available. * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:44, 5 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27233905 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Tech News: 2024-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses. '''Project updates''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|<code>w:bdr:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:22, 12 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27253654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]]. * Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">categories</bdi></code> property of <code><bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]</bdi></code>. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372] '''Bugs status''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with <code>Talk:WP:</code> so that their titles start with <code>Wikipedia talk:</code>), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]</bdi> instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]]. * Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee. '''Learn more''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers. * The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:55, 20 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27307284 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. * Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as "Pending Changes") may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156] '''Bugs status''' * Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Project updates''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization. * Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013. '''Learn more''' * If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]]. * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:34, 26 August 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27341211 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts. '''Feature news''' * Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|<code dir="ltr"><nowiki>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</nowiki></code>]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633] * Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243] * Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]]. '''Project updates''' * A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded. '''Learn more''' * To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project. ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:08, 3 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27390268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available. '''Feature news''' * Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>entity:getSitelink()</code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)</code></bdi> will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356] '''Project updates''' * Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] * Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS</code></bdi> namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mos</code></bdi>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27424457 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available. '''Improvements and Maintenance''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]]. * The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag "Edit Check (references) activated" was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692] * It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. * Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mw-message-box</code></bdi> need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&regex=1&namespaces=&title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>cdx-message</code></bdi> group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&diff=prev&oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499] '''Technical project updates''' * Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962] '''Tech in depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: ** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task. ** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:03, 17 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27460876 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]] * Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]". Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]]. * The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax <code><nowiki>{{…}}</nowiki></code> are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166] * Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223] * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: ** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too. ** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content. '''In depth''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the "[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]" and "[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]" subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:37, 23 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27493779 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month. * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding <code dir=ltr>?veaction=editsource</code> to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796] * For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the "donate" link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to "Create an account". This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585] * The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]]. * View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis. '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/] '''Meetings and events''' * October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa * November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:21, 30 September 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27530062 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new "Revert Risk" machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934] '''Updates for editors''' * Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422] * View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * It is now possible for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code></bdi> code blocks to offer readers a "Copy" button if the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>copy=1</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932] * Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]]. * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|<code>w:kge:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|<code>m:mos:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|<code>wikt:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|<code>q:gor:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|<code>n:shn:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 7 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27557422 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722] * WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''hastemplate''</bdi> and <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">''incategory''</bdi> keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29] * View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the "search engine" option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a <code><nowiki><bdi></nowiki></code> element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975] '''In depth''' * The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27597254 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the "Donate" button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years. [[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]] '''Updates for editors''' * Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]]. * Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]]. * View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556] * It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new <code dir="ltr">{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}</code> parser function. For example, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#timef:now|date|en}}</nowiki></code> will show as "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">{{#timef:now|date|en}}</bdi>". Previously, <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{#time:…}}</nowiki></code> could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. <code dir="ltr">#timef</code> (or <code dir="ltr">#timefl</code> for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{USERLANGUAGE}}</nowiki></code> instead of using <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{int:lang}}</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects. * The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content. '''Meetings and events''' * 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel. * 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 21 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27634672 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia]. * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set <code>emitTransitionOnStep</code> to <code>true</code> to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag <code>allowAutomaticBack</code> to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528] * Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the "Nuke" tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:57, 28 October 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27668811 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949] * Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help. * The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446] * View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/] '''In depth''' * Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance. * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 4 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27693917 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:08, 12 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27732268 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:01, 19 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27806858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. * The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>B</code></bdi> for bold and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>I</code></bdi> for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928] * Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>bswiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>elwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>euwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>fiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiquote</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikiversity</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwikivoyage</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>idwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>lvwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>plwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>ptwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>urwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>viwikisource</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwikisource</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to "protected" [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>Ctrl</code>+<code>,</code></bdi> and un-selecting "<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Live Autocompletion</bdi>". * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:42, 25 November 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27847039 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Two new parser functions were added this week. The <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the <code dir="ltr"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>MOS:</code></bdi> on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the <code>mos</code> language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]]. * Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/] * Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: <bdi>arwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>cawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>frwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>mediawikiwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>orwiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wawiktionary</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>wikidatawiki</bdi>{{int:comma-separator/en}}<bdi>zhwiki</bdi>. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910] * This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the "Download as PDF" system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:23, 2 December 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27873992 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">#wikimedia-techdocs</bdi> IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted. * The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details. * Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the "[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=specialcx&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=collections&active-list=suggestions&from=es&to=en All collection]" category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><page-collection> </page-collection></nowiki></code> tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion. * The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365] * The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, <code dir=ltr>archiveUrl</code> and <code dir=ltr>archiveDate</code>, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&diff=1261320172&oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&regex=1&title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|<code>voy:id:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726] * Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[gitiles:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system. * The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:16, 9 December 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27919424 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history. * Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information. * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:25, 16 December 2024 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=27942374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the <code dir=ltr>inproject:</code> keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|<code>w:tig:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise. * Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its <code>sub</code> field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139] * Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi> until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027] '''Meetings and events''' * The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:42, 14 January 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28048614 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846] * On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as "manually patrolled" instead of "autopatrolled", which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's "Insert link" feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912] * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:37, 21 January 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28129769 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year. '''Updates for editors''' * iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145] * Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>mediawiki_user_history</code></bdi> dump, the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>anonymous</code></bdi> field will be renamed to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>is_anonymous</code></bdi>. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:15, 27 January 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28149374 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use the "Special characters" editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722] * Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert <code><nowiki><code></nowiki></code> tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements. * Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki. ** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json</code> to include entries for <code dir=ltr>preprint</code>, <code dir=ltr>standard</code>, and <code dir=ltr>dataset</code>; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1189164774&oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&diff=1270832208&oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. ** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270829051&oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&diff=1270831369&oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are <code dir=ltr>archiveID</code>, <code dir=ltr>identifier</code>, <code dir=ltr>repository</code>, <code dir=ltr>organization</code>, <code dir=ltr>repositoryLocation</code>, <code dir=ltr>committee</code>, and <code dir=ltr>versionNumber</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|<code>w:knc:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:09, 4 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28203495 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February. '''Updates for editors''' * The "Special pages" portlet link will be moved from the "Toolbox" into the "Navigation" section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211] * As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (<code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]</code>, <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]</code>, and <code dir=ltr>[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]</code>). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a "default for all languages"]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511] * The function <code dir="ltr">getDescription</code> was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660] * As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the <code dir="ltr">/page/related</code> endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the "<code dir="ltr">morelike</code>" action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the "Contribute" menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. * The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:12, 11 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28231022 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the <code>{{#special:Homepage}}</code> for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at <code>{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}</code>. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]]. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]] * Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102] * You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324] * When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like "1.23" or localized alphabetic markers like "a b c" in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed. As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like "1.23" once the alphabetic markers are all used. * The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements. * A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488] * Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640] * Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> is deprecated. Tools requiring <code dir=ltr>mw.Uri</code> must explicitly declare <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.Uri</code> as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native <code dir=ltr>URL</code> API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 17 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28275610 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348] * The <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]</bdi> portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]</bdi>, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|<code>wikt:sat:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289] '''Meetings and events''' * The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:42, 25 February 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28296129 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The "{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}" link is accessible from the "{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}" menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180] * Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching "<code dir="ltr">mw-ref</code>" from their local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]</bdi>. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&regex=1&namespaces=8&title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers ("<code dir="ltr">[1]</code>") are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks ("<code dir="ltr">mw:referencedBy</code>") should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you. * When editors embed a file (e.g. <code><nowiki>[[File:MediaWiki.png]]</nowiki></code>) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. <code><nowiki>{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}</nowiki></code>) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109] * When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010] * When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline. * Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|<code>w:syl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 02:31, 4 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28334563 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844] * The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline & Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">aramadan@wikimedia.org</bdi>! * All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors. * An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:10, 10 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28372257 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC]. '''Updates for editors''' * The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=ig&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based & Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as "Collections", from wiki-projects and campaigns. * On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard. * The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]]. * Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation. * The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:49, 17 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28412594 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). * Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" style="white-space: nowrap;">#campaigns-product-team</bdi> tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time. * Administrators at wikis that have a customized <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]</bdi> should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">* specialpages-url|specialpages</code>. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927] * The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]]. * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>mw.Api</code> JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the <code dir=ltr>userAgent</code> parameter: <code dir=ltr>var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );</code>. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:43, 24 March 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28443127 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]</bdi> - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable. '''Meetings and events''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 1 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28473566 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">font-size</code>, <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">line-height</code>, and <code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">size-icon</code>. * The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]&nbsp; are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 7 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28507470 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] * File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914] '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. * To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662] * "Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?" This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies. * On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi>. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr" style="white-space:nowrap;">[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]</bdi>, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]</bdi> endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]]. * The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:25, 15 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28540654 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16] * A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Following its publication on HuggingFace, the "Structured Contents" dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''Meetings and events''' * The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect "peacock" or "overly-promotional" or "non-neutral" language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:01, 21 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28578245 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]]. * Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of <code dir="ltr">ipblocks</code>, <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_ipindex</code>, and <code dir="ltr">ipblocks_compat</code> are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]</code> and <code dir="ltr">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]</code> new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on "Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects". You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 28 April 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28585685 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product & Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May. '''Updates for editors''' * For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released: ** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities. ** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who use the <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the <code dir=ltr>Intl</code> library or the new <code dir=ltr>mediawiki.DateFormatter</code> library. The <code dir=ltr>moment</code> library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]]. * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (<code dir=ltr style="white-space: nowrap;">wbt_*</code>) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:15, 6 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28665011 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|"Get shortened URL"]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]]. * Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]]. * The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|<code>w:nup:</code>]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references. * The <code dir="ltr">/page/data-parsoid</code> REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6. '''Meetings and events''' * The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:38, 12 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28714188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test. '''Updates for editors''' * From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]]. * [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. * Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121] * The <code dir=ltr>mw.title</code> object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named <code dir=ltr>isDisambiguationPage</code>. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with <code dir=ltr>mw.loader.load</code>. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr">gitlab.wikimedia.org</bdi> without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:13, 19 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28724712 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. '''Updates for editors''' * Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new <code>+</code> toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June. * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]</code> parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019] * This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future. * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The previously deprecated <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]</code> views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]</code> and <code dir=ltr>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]</code> views instead. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:05, 26 May 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28788673 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]]. '''Updates for editors''' * It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the <code dir=ltr>_default</code> key in the local <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]</bdi> page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> or <code dir=ltr>action=clientlogin</code> will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using <code dir=ltr>action=login</code> without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205] * From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code>async</code>/<code>await</code></bdi> syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 2 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28819186 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 June 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 July 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 August 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 September 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[gitiles:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 October 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]]&nbsp;initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in.&nbsp;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:27, 17 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 November 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:46, 22 December 2025 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 January 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 February 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 March 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[w:en:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 04:41, 7 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 April 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:44, 4 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:21, 11 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 May 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 June 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 June 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:49, 15 June 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:05, 23 June 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:48, 29 June 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:57, 6 July 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:12, 13 July 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:47, 21 July 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 27 July 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 3 August 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 10 August 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 17 August 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 August 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:47, 24 August 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:53, 24 August 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 31 August 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:45, 7 September 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]]. * The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a "read more" button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks. * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:31, 14 September 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 23 September 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 14:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team tested a new post-edit notice designed to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|encourage Temporary Account holders to register for a permanent account]]. The new notice replaced multiple dialogs and a simultaneous welcome notification with a single message highlighting the benefits of creating an account. The experiment increased permanent account creation from 1.94% to 3.66%, an 87% relative increase. The change will now be released to all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551] * For Wikipedia editors using the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"Suggestion mode" Beta Feature]], there is a [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|new opt-in user preference]] for showing "experimental" edit checks and suggestions. These types are listed at [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]], and are intended for early developer-testing and for gathering feedback from experienced users. Administrators can change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|configuration details]] for each suggestion as usual. Administrators can also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|use this feature]] to help test their community's ideas for locally created checks and suggestions. Experimental types will have a more distinct visual style later this week. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * The [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|CEE Technical Village Pump]] has been launched as a space for technical discussions and collaboration among Wikimedia communities in Central and Eastern Europe. * A new tool, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]], is now available for new and small language Wikipedia communities. It brings together guided tasks, tools, and resources to help communities get started, monitor their progress, and collaborate with the broader Wikimedia community. Starter Kit is hosted on Wikimedia Toolforge and is designed for Wikipedias with fewer than 50,000 articles. Learn more about how Starter Kit works and how communities have been using it in [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|this Diff blog post]]. * The Reader Growth team is launching a retest of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|image carousel experiment]]. The retest will use three new versions of the design, updated based on community feedback. The team will assess results and determine with communities whether or not to proceed with the feature. The experiment will begin the week of September 28 and will run on Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, Farsi, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * After successful rollouts to Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]] from the Reader Experience team will be available to all logged-in users on all Wikipedia wikis starting September 28. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the mentor status script repeatedly updated mentors’ status even when nothing had changed, creating unnecessary Recent Changes entries, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, used to retrieve specific details about active or historical abuse filters configured on a wiki, has been updated to support the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>formatversion=2</nowiki></code></bdi> configuration parameter, thereby leading to breaking changes to the API response. All users who maintain user-scripts or other code need to check if they use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, and respond to any breaking changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:56, 27 September 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31085309 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of default skins on desktop and mobile web (Vector 2022 and Minerva respectively) will now be informed if the search suggestions displayed as they type into Search come from page redirects. Previously, users could get confused when the top search suggestions did not match exactly what they had typed. The new redirect notice clarifies that these suggestions are not random, but related to the search. The suggested pages may be redirects to the most relevant destination articles being searched for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303013] * Logged-out Wikipedia users on mobile web will begin to see a bookmark button for saving articles to their [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] instead of the current Watchstar button. When clicked, the bookmark button prompts users to log in or create an account to save an article for later. An earlier experiment found that the bookmark icon was four times more likely than the Watchstar button to encourage logged-out users to create an account. This change is part of efforts to encourage more readers to become account holders and use features that help them save and return to content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T438769] * An experiment will begin on September 29 on Spanish, Arabic, English, and French Wikipedias to simplify the experience users encounter immediately after account creation. The test will explore whether removing friction from the current Welcome Survey helps new users understand what to do next more easily. The experiment will run through the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430058] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has put out a call for the community to suggest topics that it should consider and discuss with the Wikimedia Foundation. Editors and technical contributors are invited to add topics to [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council|the council's talk page]]. * Later this week, it will be possible for communities to configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit Checks and Suggestions]] so that they are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#extraNamespaces|shown within additional namespaces]], such as a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Draft:</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * A bug in the [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] is causing the page to fail to load for users that have unseen changes on Wikimedia Commons. Developers are working on a fix. Until then, affected users can follow the workarounds described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist#GlobalWatchlist temporarily broken for users with Wikimedia Commons|relevant]] help section. * New magic words <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:TIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:RTIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> are now available for use. They are able to change the default sorting of categories to be based on timestamp of categorization. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was not reachable has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The datacenter switchover, scheduled on September 23, has been postponed. [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|The equinox exercise]] revealed capacity issues, preventing the switch of all services to the other datacenter. The process has been paused, prioritizing investigating that issue, to ensure that we continue to be able to serve our users reliably. A new exercise will be scheduled. Meanwhile, all traffic and edits continue to work as usual. * On September 23, a power loss briefly affected all wikis, creating intermittent issues on both reading and editing modes. This also affected Gerrit. This is unrelated to the datacenter switchover postponement. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/9fm19t8qykk8] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Produnto|Produnto]] has been deployed to mediawiki.org and [[phab:T421436|some Indic language wikis]]. We want to hear your feedback on this experimental product. Produnto allows users to use Lua modules hosted in [[gitlab:repos/lua|Wikimedia's GitLab]]. It simplifies the sharing of Lua code between wikis. Instead of copying each individual Lua module from one wiki to another, users will be able to easily share packages across all wikis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[m:Event:Cross-wiki Code Collaboration Workshop|Cross-wiki code collaboration workshop]] will be held online on October 2 at 12:30 UTC, bringing together South Asian technical contributors to learn about Produnto and begin piloting it on Hindi, Punjabi, Odia, Telugu, and Malayalam Wikipedias. Produnto is a package manager for deploying Lua modules hosted on GitLab to Wikimedia wikis, and was recently deployed on some pilot wikis. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:49, 28 September 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31092225 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The process for this year’s Community Wishlist [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027#Updated Community Wishlist Process 2027/2028|has been published]], incorporating community feedback. The wish submission process will [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is the deadline for submitting wishes?|end on November 8]]. This year, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027/Working group|a working group (open for volunteering)]] that includes community members familiar with the technical aspect of our wikis alongside Wikimedia Foundation staff, will take care of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is triage?|triage process]]. The triage is expected to be completed by late November. Votes for wishes will start in January. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] will now see a warning when they paste text that is likely to have initially been copied from one of five external generative AI chatbots into Wikipedia. This feature is known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check|LLM Paste Check]]. It is a type of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] that is community configurable. The check looks for markers in the copied HTML and is not using content watermark detection. Edits will also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Edit tags|be tagged]] so that patrollers can review them more closely. The feature helps newcomers add content that respects Wikipedia’s policies and makes it easier for experienced editors to identify problematic edits. Communities with local policies about LLM usage can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Configuration|adjust the wording and policy that is linked]]. The team [[listarchive:list/translators-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EVHKWJ4IERZELMPIWNH3XUVUSQV5KOO4/|apologizes]] that this was rolled out without a delay for translations. * Editors can now easily [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|access the web visual editor directly from the iOS and Android apps]]. When opening the editor, users will be given a choice between visual editing and source editing. If they choose visual editing, they will be sent to a mobile web window in their phone's browser. After completing their edit, a banner will give them the option to return to the app. This enables readers to make quick contributions while casually reading. * Users of the Wikipedia Android and iOS apps will now see a one-time account creation prompt after they have used the app for two consecutive weeks. This prompt explains the benefits of having an account. It is intended to help more casual readers become logged-in users who return to the apps regularly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434847] * Editors on [[wmnoc:conf/dblists/group1.dblist|group1 wikis]], including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Recent changes|Recent Changes]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help: Watching pages|Watchlist]] when a link to another language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on October 5 at 07:00 UTC as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make important changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439415] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where mentors who removed themselves from the mentorship program could still have mentees assigned to them and receive questions, has now been fixed. Mentees will now be reassigned when a mentor leaves the program. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418194] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikimedia Brasil has published its [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Brasil/Arcabouço de Boas Práticas de Desenvolvimento|Development Best Practices Framework]] (ABPD). It is a guide for staff, contractors and volunteers building technical tools and projects. It covers the project lifecycle, security, accessibility, personal data protection and responsible AI use, and explains how movement-wide guidelines were adapted to a local context. They encourage other affiliates to reuse it and adapt it. Read more in the [[wmfblog:2026/09/26/wikimedia-brasils-development-best-practices-framework-technical-sustainability-as-an-organizational-responsibility|Diff post]]. * A new, canonical base URL for Wikimedia APIs will soon be introduced. The new canonical route follows a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/api/</nowiki></code></bdi> pattern and will act as an alternative path for current REST APIs (for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/w/rest.php/</nowiki></code></bdi>). Both versions will be callable for all existing APIs, but the new structure will be the preferred path for newly created API modules. This change will be non-breaking for most users. The existing pathways will remain available for all existing endpoint requests. However, some endpoints may return URLs following the new pattern in response bodies. Changes will be available on test wiki first, with the rollout expected to cover all wikis by the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433535] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W41"/> </div> 18:52, 5 October 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31098825 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Starting October 13, wikis can change the default pattern for [[:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]] (currently <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name=":1" /></syntaxhighlight>). They will be able to use human-readable, content-based reference names that are more helpful to contributors using the source editor (e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name="Miller2026-1" /></syntaxhighlight>). VisualEditor reference name patterns can be defined using MediaWiki system messages, JSON, templates and modules ([[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite/VisualEditor reference names|more information]]). Admins can enable these changes via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/Cite-VisualEditor-Autonames|community configuration]]. This is a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/W17|community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436255] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to English Wikipedia on October 14 and to remaining Wikimedia Foundation wikis by end of October (likely October 21). The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. This is a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/History|long-standing community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440243][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440304] '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] will be removing the list view of the Watchlist and defaulting everyone to the changelog view. Previously, there were two versions of how the Watchlist is shown to mobile web users: the list view, where editors could see watched articles in a list format, and the changelog view, where editors could see changes to watched articles in a log format, controlled by a user's Advanced Mobile Control settings. This has created issues for code-base maintenance: two different displays means two sets of code to manage. By defaulting to the changelog view, we are simplifying the codebase and avoiding the likelihood of missing bugs. * The Wikipedia Android app is testing a way to listen to article introductions in the “For you” feed. A text-to-speech model reads the existing article text aloud without rewriting it or adding any content. The 30-day experiment will begin in the Wikipedia Beta app during the third week of September, then move to the regular Wikipedia Android app in October for a limited group of eligible users. A small portion of app users (those with English feeds and at least one topic interest) will have access to the feature. This experiment is part of broader efforts to give app readers options in how they consume content in order to deepen engagement and user retention. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Listening to Wikipedia/Phase 1|Learn more]] and [[mw:Talk:Readers/Listening to Wikipedia|share feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighting]] was [[phab:T288161|enabled]] by default for all logged out and newly registered users on the English Wikipedia on September 14. With no signs of adverse effects, the same change is being proposed to be made globally across all wikis in a few weeks. If you have concerns or feedback, or if your wiki would like to opt out, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror#Enabling CodeMirror by default on all WMF wikis for newbies|please see the help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440077] * [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|Wikidata mobile statement editing]] of all datatypes will be officially launched on October 13, when it will be removed from Wikidata [[d:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] and become available to all editors. Users can [[d:Wikidata_talk:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|report bugs and share feedback]]. * Last week, language link changes were removed from [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] feeds on Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikiquote and Wiktionary. As no adverse effects have been observed, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] plans to roll out this change globally to all Wikipedias. This is scheduled for October 13 at 07:00 UTC, after which editors will no longer see when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or ask to opt out their wiki on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440698] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where accidentally touching the graph while scrolling on the Pageviews tool on mobile could unintentionally zoom in has now been fixed. Click-and-drag zoom is now disabled on touch devices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440075] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There are three major changes coming to dumps: the legacy content dumps [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/E6D5EU4PMSTSOI2J7A46HJ3YW2W554CS/ deprecated in January 2026] will now be sunset, the replacement [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_Content_File_Exports MediaWiki Content File Exports] will be delayed to implement a “safety buffer”, and they are now also available as 7zip-compressed files. Users will need to switch the URL they download their dump from. For more information, timeline and migration instructions, see [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legacy_content_dumps_sunset Legacy content dumps sunset]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation discovered unauthorized activity by OpenAI agents on Wikimedia projects, including edits to wikis, attempts to exploit a public note-taking tool, and heavy automated traffic. [[diffblog:2026/10/05/openai-rogue-agent-activities-found-on-wikimedia-projects/|Read the blog post on Diff]] for more details about the activity and the Foundation’s response. '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon! We’ll be meeting in lovely Tirana, Albania for the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia%20Hackathon%202027 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon] from April 9–11, 2027. Scholarship and staff sponsorship applications are currently being [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2027/ accepted through Pretix] and will close on October 30, 2026. General registration will open in January 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 07:40, 13 October 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31142468 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To measure the impact of incorporating some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#November 2025: Ideas and feedback|community-requested features]] on logged-out reader retention, a test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing|Image Carousel]] will be pushed to logged-out readers. With the Image Carousel feature, readers browse community-uploaded images, selected by editors as relevant to specific articles. The test starts on November 20. * An experimental notice will be pushed to 0.5% of logged-out mobile readers who come to English Wikipedia from Google, asking them to add Wikipedia as a [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/preferred-sources/ Google Preferred Source]. The test is to see if this notice increases reader retention and encourages people who use Google Search to visit Wikipedia more often. It will run from October 15–29 and will be assessed for its impact on retention and referrals. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[quarry:|Quarry]] returned an “Access denied” error when users tried to run SQL queries, preventing queries from running normally, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440966] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Cog-icon-grey.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Due to a long-standing bug, applications that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For_Developers|OAuth 2]] client credentials flow to act on their owners’ behalf are treated as if they are logged out. This will be fixed for new applications registered on or after Monday, October 19. Some affected applications need to re-register. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420297] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A proposal to hold the Wikimedia Hackathon every three years, with regional hackathons in between, [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|has been shared]]. It explores making the event more accessible to technical communities in different regions. Share your feedback on the proposal’s [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|talk page]] before November 6. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:38, 19 October 2026 (ইউ.টি.চি.) (This message was sent to [[:সদস্য বাৰ্তা:মো: সাজিদ মাহামুদ]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31178499 --> 8ds8jctcww8irnfniq6dk96wfz5hy82 0 41229 646073 597031 2026-10-19T17:29:47Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* সেন্দূৰ খেলা */ 646073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{about|হিন্দু, জৈন আৰু বৌদ্ধসকলে পবিত্ৰ বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা ৰঞ্জক পদাৰ্থবিধ|একে নামৰ পুলক গগৈ পৰিচালিত অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰখন|সেন্দূৰ (চলচ্চিত্ৰ)}} [[চিত্ৰ:Red tikka powder.jpg|right|thumb|সেন্দূৰ]] [[চিত্ৰ:Wooden Sindoor (Vermilion) box.jpg|thumb|কাঠৰ সেন্দুৰ বাকচ]] '''সেন্দূৰ''' একপ্ৰকাৰ ৰঞ্জক পদাৰ্থ। হিন্দু, জৈন আৰু বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ মতে সেন্দূৰক পৱিত্ৰ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। [[হিন্দুধৰ্ম|হিন্দুধৰ্মত]] সেন্দূৰ বিবাহিতা নাৰীৰ প্ৰতীক। অবিবাহিত নাৰীয়ে শিৰত সেন্দূৰ দিব নোৱাৰে, কপালত সেন্দূৰৰ ফোঁট লব পাৰে। বিধৱাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ ব্যৱহাৰ শাস্ত্ৰমতে নিষিদ্ধ। হিন্দু আৰু জৈন পূজানুষ্ঠানৰ সময়তো সেন্দূৰ ব্যৱহৃত হয়। সেন্দূৰৰ ইতিহাস অতি প্ৰাচীন বুলি ধাৰণা কৰা হয়। হিন্দু ধৰ্মমতে স্বামীৰ দীৰ্ঘজীৱনৰ বাবে বিবাহিত হিন্দু নাৰীয়ে সেন্দূৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে। ইয়াৰ ৰং ৰঙা, কাৰণ ই শক্তি আৰু প্ৰেমৰ প্ৰতীক। সাধাৰণতে উজ্জ্বল ৰঙা সেন্দূৰ বেছি জনপ্ৰিয় যদিও ঠাই বিশেষে পাতল ৰঙাৰ পৰা কমলা ৰঙৰ সেন্দূৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা দেখা যায়। হিন্দু বিবাহৰ সময়ত এজনী নাৰীৰ প্ৰথম শিৰৰ সেউতাত সেন্দূৰ দি চিহ্ন অঁকা হয়।<ref>{{cite book | author=Ahearn, Laura M | title=Invitation to love: Literacy, Love Letters, & Social Change in Nepal | publisher=University of Michigan : Michigan | year=2001 | pages=95}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author=Selwyn, Tom | title=Images of Reproduction: An Analysis of a Hindu Marriage Ceremony | journal=JSTOR | volume=14 | issue=4 | month=December | year=1979 | pages=684–698}}</ref> == বৈবাহিক আচাৰ == হিন্দুৰ মতে বিবাহৰ সৰ্বশেষ শাস্ত্ৰীয় ৰীতি হল দৰায়ে (স্বামী) কন্যাৰ (নৱবধূ) কপালত সেন্দূৰ লেপন। হিন্দু নাৰীয়ে স্বামীৰ মঙ্গল কামনাত গোটেই বৈবাহিক জীৱনতে সেন্দূৰ লৈ থাকে। [[File:Sindoor in the Indian Hindu Wedding.JPG|thumb| কইনাৰ সেউতাত সেন্দূৰ]] == সেন্দূৰ খেলা == [[চিত্ৰ:Sindur Play - Howrah 2013-10-14 3496.JPG|right|thumb| দুৰ্গা পূজাত পশ্চিমবংগৰ হাওড়াত সেন্দূৰ খেলা ]] '''[[সেন্দূৰ খেলা]]''' পূজা সংশ্লিষ্ট এটি হিন্দু সংস্কাৰ। পূজাৰ প্ৰতিমাক সেন্দূৰ দিয়া বৰণ কৰাৰ পিছত এই খেলা আৰম্ভ হয়। ভুৰিভোজনৰ মাজৰ ফালে এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ সমাপ্তি ঘটে। == গণগৌৰ ব্ৰত == [[চিত্ৰ:Shop selling Sindoor (Vermilion) in Pushkar, Rajasthan.jpg|right|thumb|ভাৰতৰ ৰাজস্থানত সেন্দূৰৰ দোকান]] গণগৌৰ ব্ৰত সাধাৰণতে ৰাজস্থানৰ মহিলা সকলে পালন কৰে। এই ব্ৰতত সেন্দূৰ পিন্ধোৱা নিয়ম চলি আহিছে। পূৰাৰণৰ মতে সাধাৰণ মহিলাসকলৰ ওপৰত [[পাৰ্বতী]] দেৱীয়ে সেন্দূৰ এৰি দিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত কুলীন স্ত্ৰীসকলে পূজাৰ বাবে আহোঁতে পাৰ্বতীয়ে নিজৰ আঙুলি কাটি তেজেৰে সিহঁতৰ সেঁউতাত সেন্দূৰ পিন্ধাইছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengali Webdunia |url=http://bengali.webdunia.com/religion/hinduism/abouthinduism/0804/06/1080406023_1.htm |access-date=2015-12-15 |archivedate=2008-12-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225210028/http://bengali.webdunia.com/religion/hinduism/abouthinduism/0804/06/1080406023_1.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == ৰাসায়নিক গঠন == ৰাসায়নিক দৃষ্টিকোণৰ পৰা চালে সেন্দূৰ সাধাৰণতে [[পাৰা]] বা [[সীহ|সীহৰ]] যৌগৰে গঠিত। সেয়ে ইয়াক বিষাক্ত বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয় আৰু সাৱধানে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ কোৱা হয়।<ref>Indian Academy of Pediatrics (1973). [http://books.google.com/books?id=Zkc7AAAAIAAJ Indian pediatrics, Volume 10]. Indian Academy of Pediatrics, 1973. ''... Sindoor (vermilion), a red powder applied to the scalp, is often used by married Indian women, especially of an orthodox Hindu background. It may consist of red sulphide of mercury, or of red lead mixed with red synthetic dye ...''</ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == {{reflist}} == বহিঃসংযোগ == * [http://handicraft.indiamart.com/products/religiousproducts/sindoor.html Vermillion/Sindoor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201035343/http://handicraft.indiamart.com/products/religiousproducts/sindoor.html |date=2012-12-01 }} * [http://www.surfindia.com/matrimonials/history-significance-sindoor.html সেন্দূৰৰ অৰ্থ আৰু ঘটনা] * [http://www.sankaracharya.org/soundarya_lahari.php Soundarya Lahari]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[শ্ৰেণী:প্ৰসাধন]] [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] gfy1f70dajafu6ruuwoxcl42emzs14v 0 41521 646102 628658 2026-10-19T18:11:55Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Holiday | |image=Frauentag 1914 Heraus mit dem Frauenwahlrecht.jpg |imagesize=250px |caption=৮ মাৰ্চ , ১৯১৪ চনত নাৰী দিৱসৰ বিজ্ঞাপনচিত্ৰ |holiday_name= আন্তজাৰ্তিক নাৰী দিৱস |observedby = সকলো দেশত |date=৮ মাৰ্চ |type = আন্তৰ্জাতিক |significance = জনসচেতনতা দিৱস<br />নাৰী আৰু কন্যা দিৱস |relatedto=[[মা দিৱস]], [[বিশ্ব শিশু দিৱস]], [[আন্তৰ্জাতিক পুৰুষ দিৱস]] }} '''আন্তৰ্জাতিক নাৰী দিৱস''' (পূৰ্বৰ নাম '''আন্তৰ্জাতিক কৰ্মজীৱী নাৰী দিৱস''') প্ৰতি বছৰ '''[[৮ মাৰ্চ]]''' তাৰিখে পালন কৰা হয়।<ref>[http://www.international-mens-day.com/IWD_IMD.php Origins and Evolution: Perspectives of Two International Days]</ref> সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বব্যাপী নাৰীসকলে এটি প্ৰধান উপলক্ষ্য হিচাপে এই দিৱস উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। বিশ্বৰ বেলেগ বেলেগ প্ৰান্তত নাৰীদিৱস উদযাপনৰ প্ৰধান লক্ষ্য বেলেগ বেলেগ। ক'ৰবাত যদি নাৰীৰ প্ৰতি সাধাৰণ সন্মান আৰু শ্ৰদ্ধা প্ৰদৰ্শন উদ্‌যাপনৰ মুখ্য বিষয় হয়, অন্য ক'ৰবাত মহিলাসকলৰ আৰ্থিক, ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু সামাজিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠাই অধিক গুৰুত্ব পায়। == ইতিহাস == এই দিৱস উদ্‌যাপনৰ লগত নাৰী শ্ৰমিকৰ অধিকাৰ আদায়ৰ সংগ্ৰামৰ ইতিহাস জড়িত হৈ আছে। ১৮৫৭ চনত মজুৰিৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত দেখা পোৱা বৈষম্য, কামৰ সময় নিৰ্দিষ্ট কৰা, কৰ্মক্ষেত্ৰৰ অমানৱিক পৰিৱেশৰ বিৰুদ্ধে প্ৰতিবাদ জনাবলৈ মাৰ্কিন যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ নিউয়ৰ্কৰ সূতা কাৰখানাৰ নাৰী শ্ৰমিকসকলে আন্দোলন কৰিছিল। সেই আন্দোলন চৰকাৰে কঠোৰ হাতেৰে দমন কৰিছিল। ১৯০৮ চনত নিউয়ৰ্কৰ সামাজিক গণতান্ত্ৰিক নাৰী সংগঠনে আয়োজিত কৰা নাৰী সমাবেশত জাৰ্মান সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক নেত্ৰী ক্লাৰা জেটকিনৰ নেতৃত্বত সৰ্বপ্ৰথম আন্তৰ্জাতিক নাৰী সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। ক্লাৰা এগৰাকী জাৰ্মান ৰাজনীতিবিদ; জাৰ্মান কমিউনিষ্ট পাৰ্টিৰ সদস্য। তাৰপিছত ১৯১০ চনত [[ডেনমাৰ্ক|ডেনমাৰ্কৰ]] কপেনহেগেনত অনুষ্ঠিত হয় দ্বিতীয় আন্তজাৰ্তিক নাৰী সন্মিলন। ১৭ খন দেশৰ পৰা ১০০ গৰাকী নাৰী প্ৰতিনিধিয়ে ইয়াত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। এই সন্মিলনতে ক্লাৰায়ে প্ৰতি বছৰে ৮ মাৰ্চক আন্তৰ্জাতিক নাৰী দিৱস হিচাপে পালন কৰাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিয়ে। তাৰ ফলশ্ৰুতিত ১৯১১ চনৰপৰা নাৰীসকলৰ সম-অধিকাৰ দিৱস হিচাপে এই দিনটো পালন কৰা হয়। এই দিৱস পালন কৰিবলৈ বিভিন্ন দেশৰ সমাজ তাত্ত্বিকসকল আগবাঢ়ি আহে। ১৯১৪ চনৰপৰা কেইবাখনো দেশত ৮ মাৰ্চ দিনটো পালন কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰা হ’ল। ১৯৭৫ চনত ৮ মাৰ্চক আন্তৰ্জাতিক স্বীকৃতি প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। এই দিৱস পালন কৰিবলৈ বিভিন্ন ৰাষ্ট্ৰক [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ই আহ্বান জনায়। তাৰ পিছৰ পৰা গোটেই পৃথিৱীজুৰি এই দিন নাৰীৰ সম অধিকাৰ আদায়ৰ প্ৰত্যয় পুনৰ্ব্যক্ত কৰাৰ অভিপ্সা লৈ পালন কৰা হৈছে। == আধুনিক সংস্কৃতি == বিশ্বৰ অনেক দেশত আন্তৰ্জাতিক নাৰী দিৱস উপলক্ষ্যে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে চৰকাৰী [[ছুটীৰ দিন]] ঘোষণা কৰা হয়। তাৰে ভিতৰত - [[আফগানিস্তান]],<ref name="IWD">[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=28296][[Angola]].</ref> আৰ্মেনিয়া,<ref>[http://www.armeniainfo.am/about/?section=holidays Armeniainfo.am] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402095439/http://www.armeniainfo.am/about/?section=holidays |date=2015-04-02 }}.</ref> আজাৰবাইজান,<ref>[http://www.azerbaijan.msntour.az/index.php?categoryID=7 MSNtour.az] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912033137/http://www.azerbaijan.msntour.az/index.php?categoryID=7 |date=2008-09-12 }}.</ref> বেলাৰুছ,<ref>{{ru icon}} [http://www.pravo.by/webnpa/text_txt.asp?RN=P39800157 President's decree on public holidays in Belarus] {{Webarchive|url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170705021349/http://www.pravo.by/webnpa/text_txt.asp?RN=P39800157 |date=2017-07-05 }},</ref> বুৰকিনা ফাচো,<ref>[http://www.visarequest.co.za/visa/publicholidayssa.php?Embassy=Burkina%20Faso Visarequest.co.za]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> [[কম্বোডিয়া]],<ref>[http://www.cambodiaevisa.com/2007/01/05/2007-cambodia-public-holiday/ Cambodiaevisa.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425060926/http://www.cambodiaevisa.com/2007/01/05/2007-cambodia-public-holiday/ |date=2012-04-25 }}.</ref> [[কিউবা]],<ref>[http://www.cubaminrex.cu/english/Multilaterales/Articulos/SocioHumanitarios/Others/2011/Press%20release.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316235638/http://www.cubaminrex.cu/English/Multilaterales/Articulos/SocioHumanitarios/Others/2011/Press%20release.html |date=2012-03-16 }}.</ref> জৰ্জিয়া,<ref>[http://embassy.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=eng&sec_id=11].</ref> গিনি-বিচাউ,<ref name="IWD" /> ইৰিত্ৰিয়া,<ref name="IWD" /> কাজাখাস্তান,<ref>[http://e.gov.kz/wps/portal/Content?contentPath=/library2/1_kazakhstan/kr/article/prazdniki&lang=en E.gov.kz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528182123/http://e.gov.kz/wps/portal/Content?contentPath=/library2/1_kazakhstan/kr/article/prazdniki&lang=en |date=2016-05-28 }}.</ref> কিৰগিজিস্তান,<ref>{{cite web|title=Kyrgyz and American Holidays (In Russian)|url=http://russian.bishkek.usembassy.gov/kyrgyz_american_holidays_ru.html|work=U.S. Embassy Bishkek|accessdate=7 March 2012|archivedate=9 May 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509124057/http://russian.bishkek.usembassy.gov/kyrgyz_american_holidays_ru.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> লাওচ,<ref>[http://laoyp.com/laopdr/events/ Laoyp.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829170031/http://www.laoyp.com/laopdr/events/ |date=2008-08-29 }}.</ref> মলদভা,<ref>{{ro icon}} [http://old.parlament.md/download/laws/ro/154-XV-28.03.2003.doc Article 111 (1c) of the work codex of Moldova] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303202501/http://old.parlament.md/download/laws/ro/154-XV-28.03.2003.doc |date=2016-03-03 }}, [http://myfiles.md/d/20495/aa/154-XV-28.03.2003.pdf PDF, page 53] {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110612081036/http://myfiles.md/d/20495/aa/154-XV-28.03.2003.pdf |date=2011-06-12 }} "Article 111. Non-working holidays. (1) in Moldova, non-working holidays, maintaining the average salary, are: (...) c) March 8 - International Women's Day; (...)".</ref> মংগোলিয়া,<ref>[http://www.mongolia-web.com/content/view/33/39/ Mongolia-web.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402161325/http://www.mongolia-web.com/content/view/33/39/ |date=2015-04-02 }}.</ref> মন্টেনিগ্ৰো, ৰুছিয়া,<ref name="IWD" /> তাজাকিস্তান,<ref name="IWD" /> তুৰ্কমেনিস্তান,<ref name="IWD" /> উগাণ্ডা,<ref name="IWD" /> ইউক্ৰেইন,<ref name="IWD" /> উজবেকিস্তান,<ref name="National Holidays In Russian">{{cite web|title=National Holidays (In Russian)|url=http://mfa.uz/rus/ob_uzbekistane/naselenie_i_naionalnie_prazdniki/|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan|accessdate=7 March 2012|archivedate=8 March 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308090043/http://mfa.uz/rus/ob_uzbekistane/naselenie_i_naionalnie_prazdniki/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ভিয়েটনাম<ref name="National Holidays In Russian"/> আৰু জাম্বিয়া।<ref>[http://www.qppstudio.net/publicholidays2009/zambia.htm QPPstudion.net]।</ref> তাৰোপৰি [[চীন]],<ref>[http://sg2.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/aboutchina/publicholiday/200801/20080105327831.html Mofcom.gov.cn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903110410/http://sg2.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/aboutchina/publicholiday/200801/20080105327831.html |date=2014-09-03 }}.</ref> মেচিডনিয়া, মাদাগাস্কাৰ,<ref>[http://www.qppstudio.net/publicholidays2009/madagascar.htm QPPstudion.net].</ref> [[নেপাল|নেপালত]]<ref name="IWD" /> কেৱল নাৰীসকলে চৰকাৰী ছুটীৰ দিন উপভোগ কৰে। ==নাৰী দিৱসত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ প্ৰতিপাদ্য== {|class="wikitable" |- !বছৰ ! ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ প্ৰতিপাদ্য <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/iwd/index.html |title=WomenWatch: International Women's Day |publisher=Un.org |date= |accessdate=2013-02-21}}</ref> |- |১৯৯৬ |অতীত উদযাপন আৰু ভৱিষ্যৎ পৰিকল্পনা (Celebrating the Past, Planning for the Future) |- |১৯৯৭ |নাৰী আৰু শান্তি (Women and the Peace Table) |- |১৯৯৮ |নাৰী আৰু মানৱাধিকাৰ (Women and Human Rights) |- |১৯৯৯ | নাৰীৰ প্ৰতি হিংসামুক্ত পৃথিৱী (World Free of Violence Against Women) |- | | শান্তি স্থাপনত ঐক্যবদ্ধ নাৰী (Women Uniting for Peace) |- |২০০১ |নাৰী আৰু শান্তি : সংঘাতৰ সময়ত নাৰীৰ অৱস্থান (Women and Peace: Women Managing Conflicts) |- |২০০২ | আফগানিস্তানৰ নাৰীসকলৰ বাস্তৱ অৱস্থা আৰু ভৱিষ্যৎ (Afghan Women Today: Realities and Opportunities) |- |২০০৩ |লিংগ সমতা আৰু সহস্ৰাব্দ উন্নয়ন লক্ষ্যমাত্ৰা (Gender Equality and the Millennium Development Goals) |- |২০০৪ | নাৰী আৰু এইচ আই ভি/ এইডচ্ (Women and HIV/AIDS) |- |২০০৫ |লিংগ সমতাৰ মাধ্যমত নিৰাপদ ভৱিষ্যৎ (Gender Equality Beyond 2005; Building a More Secure Future) |- |২০০৬ | সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰহণত নাৰী (Women in Decision-making) |- |২০০৭ |নাৰী আৰু কন্যাৰ ওপৰত হিংসা দায়মুক্তিৰ সমাপ্তি (Ending Impunity for Violence Against Women and Girls) |- |২০০৮ |নাৰী আৰু ও কিশোৰীসকলৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত বিনিয়োগ(Investing in Women and Girls) |- |২০০৯ | নাৰী আৰু কিশোৰীৰ প্ৰতি হিংসাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ঐক্যবদ্ধ নাৰী পুৰুষ (Women and Men United to End Violence Against Women and Girls) |- |২০১০ | সম-অধিকাৰ, সম-সুযোগ: সকলোৰ প্ৰগতি (Equal Rights, Equal Opportunities: Progress for All) |- |২০১১ |শিক্ষা, প্ৰশিক্ষণ, বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীৰ সমান অংশগ্ৰহণ (Equal Access to Education, Training, and Science and Technology: Pathway to Decent Work for Women) |- |২০১২ |গ্ৰামীণ নাৰীসকলৰ ক্ষমতায়ন- ক্ষুধা আৰু দৰিদ্ৰতা সমাপ্তি (Empower Rural Women, End Poverty and Hunger) |- |২০১৩ |এক প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি : নাৰীৰ সৈতে সংঘটিত হোৱা হিংসামূলক কাৰ্য বন্ধৰ বাবে পদক্ষেপ লোৱাৰ সময় (A Promise is a Promise: Time for Action to End Violence Against Women) |- |২০১৪ |নাৰীৰ সমান অধিকাৰ সকলোৰ অগ্ৰগতিৰ নিশ্চয়তা (Equality for Women is Progress for All) |- |২০১৫ |নাৰীৰ ক্ষমতায়ন আৰু মানৱতাৰ উন্নয়ন (Empowering Women, Empowering Humanity: Picture it!) |- |২০১৬ | ২০৩০ চনত পৃথিৱী ৫০-৫০ : লিংগ সমতাৰ দিশত এক খোজ ( Planet 50-50 by 2030: Step It Up for Gender Equality) |} == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == {{reflist}} == বহিঃসংযোগ == {{Sister project links|v=no|b=no|wikt=no|commons=category:International Women's Day}} * [http://www.icrc.org/eng/women Women and war - International Committee of the Red Cross] * [http://imaginingourselves.imow.org/ International Museum of Women] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014191812/http://imaginingourselves.imow.org/ |date=2016-10-14 }} * [http://www.freepeoplesmovement.org/fpm/page.php?277 Article from international communist organization on International Women's Day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929211728/http://www.freepeoplesmovement.org/fpm/page.php?277 |date=2011-09-29 }} * [http://www.international-mens-day.com/IWD_IMD.php Differences between International Women's Day and International Men's Day] * [http://www.un.org/events/women/iwd/2007/ International Women's Day 2007 - United Nations web site] * [http://www.internationalwomensday.com/ Internationalwomensday.com] * [http://www.holidayyear.com/holidays/womens-day.html International Women's Day Celebration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123235655/http://holidayyear.com/holidays/womens-day.html |date=2010-11-23 }} * [http://www.un.org/en/events/women/iwd/ More detailed overview] * [http://www.redcross.org.uk/news.asp?id=91320 Sewing a better future on International Women’s Day] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306130544/http://www.redcross.org.uk/news.asp?id=91320 |date=2016-03-06 }} * [http://100yrswomensday.blogspot.com/ Towards International Women's Day 2011] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120403205246/http://www.collectindianstamps.com/2011/03/stamps-on-international-women-day.html Worldwide Stamps Released On International Women's Day] * [http://www.sophiasirius.net Wings & Dreams: 4 Elements of a New Feminism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917180739/http://www.sophiasirius.net/ |date=2012-09-17 }} * [http://www.democracynow.org/2010/3/8/international_womens_day_marked_around_the International Women’s Day Marked Around the World] - video by ''[[Democracy Now!]]' * [http://uk.reuters.com/subjects/international-womens-day-2011 International Women's Day - live blogging from Reuters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212220821/http://uk.reuters.com/subjects/international-womens-day-2011 |date=2013-12-12 }} * [http://www.historyworkshop.org.uk/international-womens-day-a-centenary-to-celebrate/ On IWD's centenary, historian Jinty Nelson looks at its genesis and achievements - and the ground still to cover] [[শ্ৰেণী:দিৱসসমূহ]] 0e41gxv0oaqmlaswwnb14ecd7p179ec 0 42410 646146 600748 2026-10-19T21:43:39Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:দেশ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|40|00|N|127|00|E|display=title}} {{Infobox country |conventional_long_name = গণতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰী কোৰিয়া |common_name = উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া |image_flag = Flag of North Korea.svg |image_coat = Coat of Arms of North Korea.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |national_motto = {{unbulleted list|강성대국|''কাংছং ডায়েগুক''|{{small|''শক্তিশালী আৰু সমৃদ্ধিশালী ৰাষ্ট্ৰ''}}}} |national_anthem = {{unbulleted list|애국가|''[[আয়েগুক্কা]]''|{{small|''দেশপ্ৰেমৰ গীত''}} }} |image_map = North Korea (orthographic projection).svg |map_caption = গণতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰী কোৰিয়াৰ শাসনক থকা অংশ সেউজীয়া ৰঙেৰে দেখুওৱা হৈছে |capital = [[পিয়ং ইয়াং]] |latd=39 |latm=2 |latNS=N |longd=125 |longm=45 |longEW=E |largest_city = [[পিয়ং ইয়াং]] |official_languages = [[কোৰীয় ভাষা|কোৰীয়]] |languages_type = চৰকাৰী লিপি |languages = [[হাংগুল|Chosŏn'gŭl]] |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = |demonym = {{hlist |উত্তৰ কোৰিয়ান|কোৰিয়ান}} | government_type = |area_rank = 98th |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_km2 = 120,540 |area_sq_mi = 46,528 |percent_water = 4.87 |population_estimate = 24,895,000 |population_estimate_rank = 48th |population_estimate_year = 2013 |population_census = 24,052,231<ref name="2008-Census">{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf |title=DPR Korea 2008 Population Census National Report |year=2009 |publisher=DPRK Central Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=19 February 2011 |location=Pyongyang |archivedate=31 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331091148/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |population_census_year = 2011 |population_density_km2 = 198.3 |population_density_sq_mi = 513.8 |population_density_rank = 63rd |GDP_PPP = $40 billion<ref name="factbook">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html North Korea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812052526/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html |date=2015-08-12 }}, [[CIA World Factbook]], accessed on 31 March 2013.</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2011 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $1,800<ref name="factbook"/> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal = $15,4 billion<ref name="unsd">[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/selbasicFast.asp National Accounts Main Aggregate Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205025204/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/selbasicFast.asp |date=2016-02-05 }}, [[United Nations Statistics Division]], December 2012.</ref> |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2013 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $621<ref name="unsd"/> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |HDI_year = 1995<!--latest as of 2016--> |HDI_change = steady<!--increase/decrease/steady--><!--same rank, +0.01 pts--> |HDI = 0.766 <!--number only--><!--0.766 corresponds to "Medium human development" in the cited report; this template erroneously calls it "high".--> |HDI_ref =<ref>{{Cite web | title=Table 1.3 : HDI ranking for developing countries, 1995| work = Human Development Report 1998 | publisher = United Nations Development Program | date = 1998 | accessdate = 2016-04-23 | url = http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/259/hdr_1998_en_complete_nostats.pdf#33 |page=33}}</ref> |HDI_rank = 75th |currency = [[উত্তৰ কোৰিয়ান ৱন]] (₩) |currency_code = KPW |time_zone = [[পিয়ং ইয়াং সময়]]<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/07/northkorea-time-idINKCN0QC04C20150807| title= Turning back the clock - North Korea creates Pyongyang Standard Time | agency= Reuters|date=6 August 2015 }}</ref> |utc_offset = +৮:৩০ |time_zone_DST = |DST_note = |utc_offset_DST = |antipodes = |date_format = {{unbulleted list |yy, yyyy년 mm월 dd일 |{{nowrap|yy, yyyy/mm/dd {{resize|75%|([[Juche calendar|CE–1911]]{{\}}[[Common Era|CE]])}}}}}} |drives_on = সোঁফালে |iso3166code = |calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in North Korea|+৮৫০]] |cctld = [[.kp]] |footnote_a = {{note|aaa}} Kim Jong-un holds four concurrent positions: First Secretary of the Workers' Party, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, First Chairman of the National Defence Commission and Supreme Commander of the People's Army, serving as the "supreme leader" of the DPRK. |footnote_b = {{note|bbb}} Kim Yong-nam is the "[[Head of State|head of state]] for foreign affairs". The position of president (formerly head of state) was written out of the constitution in 1998. [[Kim Il-sung]], who died in 1994, was given the appellation "[[Eternal President of the Republic|Eternal President]]" in its preamble. }} '''উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া''' ({{Lang-en|North Korea}}) উত্তৰ-পূৰ্ব এছিয়াৰ এখন ৰাষ্ট্ৰ যি কোৰিয়া উপদ্বীপৰ উত্তৰ অৰ্ধাংশকলৈ গঠিত। ইয়াৰ চৰকাৰী নাম হৈছে গণতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰী কোৰিয়া ({{Lang-ko|조선민주주의인민공화국}}, চোছন্‌ মিন্‌জুজুই্যই ইন্‌মিন্‌ কোংহুয়াগুক্‌)। উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াৰ উত্তৰে [[চীন|গণচীন]], উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বে [[ৰাছিয়া]], পূৰ্বে জাপান সাগৰ, দক্ষিণে [[দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়া]] আৰু পশ্চিমে পীতসাগৰ অবস্থিত। দেশখনৰ আয়তন ১,২০,৫৩৮ বৰ্গকিলোমিটাৰ। উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া ৰাষ্ট্ৰখন ১৯৪৮ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা লাভ কৰে। তেতিয়া [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]] শেষত ছ'ভিয়েট সামৰিক বাহিনী কোৰীয় উপদ্বীপৰ অৰ্ধাংশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিছিল। ১৯৫০ৰ দশকৰ কোৰীয় যুদ্ধৰ পিছৰ পৰা ই সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক শাসনৰ অধীনত আছে। উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াৰ ৰাজধানী তথা বৃহত্তম চহৰৰ নাম [[পিয়ং ইয়াং]]। উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া আৰু দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়া মাজত অবস্থিত কোৰীয় সেনামুক্ত অঞ্চল। আম্নোক নদী আৰু তুমাননদী উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া আৰু গণচীনৰ মধ্যবৰ্তী সীমান্তত অবস্থিত। তুমান নদীৰ এটি অংশ একেবাৰে উত্তৰ-পূৰ্ব অংশত ৰাছিয়া সীমান্ত আছে।<ref name=NYT22112>{{cite news |title=Manchurian Trivia |url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/21/manchurian-trivia/ |accessdate=27 August 2012 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=21 February 2012 |author=Frank Jacobs |format=blog by expert}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== অবিভক্ত কোৰিয়া মূলত [[জাপান]]ৰ দখলত আছিল। ১৯৪৫ চনত [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ত পৰাস্ত হোৱাৰ সময়ত জাপানীসকলৈ সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক দেশ [[ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘ]]ৰ ওচৰত আত্মসমৰ্পণ কৰে। তাৰ ফলত অবিভক্ত কোৰিয়া দুভাগ ভাগ হৈ যায়। তেতিয়া উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া ১৯৫০ চনত সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক দেশ ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘৰ মতাদৰ্শত সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক শাসন প্ৰচলন হয়, আনফালে দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়া [[পুঁজিবাদ|পুঁজিবাদী]] [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ মতাদৰ্শত সেই পুঁজিবাদী গোটত যোগ দান কৰে। তেতিয়াৰে পৰা কোৰিয়া দুটা ভিন্ন নাম যথা উত্তৰ আৰু দক্ষিণ তথা দুটা ভিন্ন অথনৈতিক ব্যবস্থা আৰম্ভ হয়। দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াত আমেৰিকাৰ পুঁজিবাদ আৰু উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াত ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘৰ মত [[সমাজবাদ|সমাজতন্ত্ৰবাদ]] প্ৰচলন হয়। উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াৰ চৰকাৰী নাম ৰখা হয় গণতান্ত্ৰিক গণপ্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰী কোৰিয়া আৰ দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ চৰকাৰি নাম ৰখা হয় প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰী কোৰিয়া। উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াৰ ৰাজধানীৰ হয় পিয়ং ইয়াং আৰ দক্ষিণ কোৰিয়াৰ ৰাজধানীৰ হয় [[ছিউল]]। সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক তথা মাৰ্ক্সবাদী নেতা কিম ইল ছংয়ৰ নেতৃত্বাধীন কোৰিয়াৰ ৱাৰ্কাৰ্ছ পাৰ্টিৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণত উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াত একদলীয় শাসন আৰম্ভ হয়, মূলত যুদ্ধবিদ্ধস্ত দেশখনক পূণৰ্গঠনৰ বাবে পঞ্চবাৰ্ষিকী পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হয়। তাৰপিছৰ পৰা উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াই সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক পথত উন্নতি কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। কিন্তু এই উন্নতি কোনো সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক দেশ হৈ বজাৰ অৰ্থনীতিৰ প্ৰবক্তা আমেৰিকাৰ মতবিৰোধ আৰম্ভ হয়। আমেৰিকাই এই দেশেৰ ৰাজনীতি সম্পৰ্কে নানা ধৰণৰ প্ৰশ্ন তুলে তথা নানা ভাবে সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক দেশ উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াৰ পতনৰ বাবে কাম আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁলোকে এই দেশৰ মহান নেতা কিম ইল ছংয়ৰ নেতৃত্বক কেতিয়াবা অগণতান্ত্ৰিক, কেতিয়াবা ষ্টেলিনীয় বা একনায়কতান্ত্ৰিক শাসন হিচাপে উল্লেখ কৰে। তথাপি সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক দেশ উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াৰ নেতা কিম ইল ছংয়ৰ সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক তথা গণতান্ত্ৰিক আদৰ্শতেই দেশৰ প্ৰচুৰ উন্নতি সাধন কৰিছিল আৰু উন্নয়নত আগবাঢ়ি গৈছিল। সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক ভাবধাৰাৰ ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ সম্পৰ্ক মধুৰ আছিল। ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘৰ সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক উন্নয়নমুখীতাৰ প্ৰভাৱ উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াৰ উপৰও দেখা যায়। তথাপি পুঁজিবাদী আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰই এই উন্নতি সহ্য কৰিব নোৱাৰিছিল, কাৰণ সকলো সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ তেওঁলোকৰ দৃষ্টিত শত্ৰু আছিল। তেওঁলোকে সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ বিশ্বৰ পক্ষে কিমান ক্ষতিকৰ তাক তুলি ধৰি থাকে আৰু সকলো সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰই যে মানবজাতি আৰু মানবাধিকাৰৰ প্ৰতি ভাবুকি স্বৰূপ তাক বাৰে বাৰে নানা কুটনীতিৰ মাধ্যমেৰে প্ৰকাশ কৰি থাকে। সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ পতন যে নিশ্চিত সেয়া তেওঁলোকে নানা ধৰণৰ পুঁজিবাদী আৰ্হিৰ মাধ্যমেৰে জানিবলৈ দিয়ে। সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ ব্যবস্থাই যে এইবাৰ আৰু এক মহাযুদ্ধৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিব সেই কথা পুঁজিবাদী আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰই পূৰ্বসংকেত কৰিছিল, যদিও ১৯৯০ চনত ছ'ভিয়েট সংঘৰ পতন পৰ্যন্ত কোনো সমাজতান্ত্ৰিক ৰাষ্ট্ৰই মহাযুদ্ধ আৰম্ভ কৰা নাই। উত্তৰ কোৰিয়াৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰব্যবস্থা সাংবিধানিক ভাবে এক বহুদলীয় গণতান্ত্ৰিক ব্যবস্থা হলেও দেশখনত কাৰ্যত এটা একদলীয় শাসনব্যবস্থাত পৰিচালিত হয়। কিম জং দ্বিতীয়ৰ নেতৃত্বত কোৰিয়াৰ ৱাৰ্কাৰ্ছ পাৰ্টিই হল দেশৰ একমাত্ৰ শাসক ৰাজনৈতিক দল। দেশৰ চৰকাৰ ব্যবস্থা গণতান্ত্ৰিক কেন্দ্ৰিকতা নীতিৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি গঠিত। সংবিধানত গণতান্ত্ৰিক চৰকাৰৰ কথা কোৱা হলেও কিম জং দ্বিতীয় আৰু মুষ্টিমেয় কেইজনমান নেতাই দেশখন পৰিচালনা কৰে। পশ্চিম বিশ্বত দেশখনক এক কমিউনিষ্ট ৰাষ্ট্ৰ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হলেও [[মাৰ্ক্সবাদ]] বা লেনিনবাদ নহয়, বৰং চুছে (Juche) তথা "স্বনিৰ্ভৰতা" হৈছে দেশখনৰ বৰ্তমান চৰকাৰী ৰাজনৈতিক দৰ্শন।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://naenara.com.kp/en/great/constitution.php?22|title=Constitution of the DPRK|accessdate=18 May 2014}}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} {{Countries of Asia}} [[শ্ৰেণী:এছিয়াৰ দেশ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সদস্য ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া]] qvv1rd8fmz2lkrb466381i1km930kyw 0 42449 646155 620267 2026-10-19T21:51:53Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = কুৱালালামপুৰ | settlement_type = [[Federal Territory (Malaysia)|ফেডাৰেল টেৰিটৰী]] আৰু [[List of cities in Malaysia|নগৰ]] | official_name = ফেডাৰেল টেৰিটৰী অৱ কুৱালালামপুৰ<br>ৱিলায়াহ পাৰ্ছেকুটুন কুৱালা লামপুৰ<br>[[জাৱী লিপি|জাৱী]]: ولايه ڤرسكوتوان کوالا لومڤور | translit_lang1 = অন্যান্য | translit_lang1_type1 = [[মালয় ভাষা|মালয়]] | translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ms|কুৱালা লামপুৰ}} | translit_lang1_type2 = [[জাৱী লিপি|জাৱী]] | translit_lang1_info2 = کوالا لومڤور | translit_lang1_type3 = [[চীনা ভাষা|চীনা]] | translit_lang1_info3 = {{lang|zh-my|吉隆坡}} | translit_lang1_type4 = [[তামিল ভাষা|তামিল]] | translit_lang1_info4 = {{lang|ta|கோலாலம்பூர்}} | image_skyline = KL Composite2.jpg | image_caption = শীৰ্ষৰ বাঁওফালৰ পৰা ঘড়ীৰ কাঁটাৰ দিশত ক্ৰমে: [[পেট্ৰ’নছ টুইন টাৱাৰছ]], [[পেটালিং ষ্ট্ৰীট]], জামেক মঠ আৰু [[গোম্বাক নদী|গোম্বাক]]/[[ক্লাং নদী]]ৰ সংগম, [[নেচনেল মনুমেণ্ট (মালয়েছিয়া)|নেচনেল মনুমেণ্ট]], [[নেচনেল মস্ক অৱ মালয়েছিয়া]], স্কাইলাইন অৱ কেএল. চেণ্টাৰ: [[কেএল টাৱাৰ]] | image_flag = Flag of Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.svg | image_seal = Coat of Arms of Kuala Lumpur.svg | nickname = কেএল, গাৰ্ডেন চিটি অৱ লাইটছ | motto = মাজু ডান মাকমুৰ<br />({{lang-as|উন্নতি আৰু সমৃদ্ধি}}) | image_map = Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia (zoom).svg | map_caption = [[মালয়েছিয়া]]ৰ মেপত '''কুৱালালামপুৰ''' | latd = 3 | latm = 8 | latNS = N | longd = 101 | longm = 41 | longEW = E | coordinates_display = inline,title | subdivision_type = ৰাষ্ট্ৰ | subdivision_name = {{flag|Malaysia}} | subdivision_type1 = প্ৰশাসনিক অঞ্চলসমূহ | subdivision_name1 = {{Collapsible list | title = তালিকা | frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; | title_style = | list_style = text-align:left;display:none; | 1 = ডামানছাৰা | 2 = ছেপুতেহ | 3 = ছেগাম্বুট | 4 = কেপং | 5 = কুৱালা লামপুৰ চিটি চেণ্টাৰ | 6 = ছেটিয়াৱাংছা | 7 = বান্দাৰ টুন ৰাজাক | 8 = ছুংগাই বেছি }} | established_title = প্ৰতিস্থা | established_date = ১৮৫৯<ref>{{cite web|title=মালয় চেলিব্ৰেটছ, ১৯৫৯|url=http://www.britishpathe.com/video/malaya-celebrates|publisher=ব্ৰিটিছ পাথে|accessdate=১৬ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৬}}</ref> | established_title2 = নগৰ হিচাপে | established_date2 = ১ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯৭২ | established_title3 = ফেডাৰেল টেৰিটৰী হিচাপে | established_date3 = ১ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯৭৪ | leader_title = [[মেয়ৰ]] (''ডাটুক বান্দাৰ'') | leader_name = [[মঃ আমিন নুৰদিন আব্দুল আজিজ]] | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_total_km2 = 243 | area_total_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = 2,243.27 | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.floodmap.net/elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=1735161|title=মালয়েছিয়া ইলেভেশ্বন মেপ (ইলেভেশ্বন অৱ কুআলা লামপুৰ)|publisher=ফ্লাড মেপ : ৱাটাৰ লেভেল ইলেভেশ্বন মেপ|accessdate=১৬ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৬|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822163039/http://www.floodmap.net/elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=1735161|archivedate=২২ আগষ্ট ২০১৫|deadurl=no}}</ref> | elevation_m = 66 | population_total = ১৭,৬৮,০০০ ([[List of urban areas in Malaysia by population|প্ৰথম]]) | population_as_of = ২০১৫ | population_footnotes = <ref name="2015 population">{{cite web|url=http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/info-terkini/19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html|title=পপুলেশ্বন বাউ ষ্টেট এণ্ড এথনিক গ্ৰুপ|publisher=ডিপাৰ্টমেণ্ট অৱ ইনফৰমেশ্বন, মিনিষ্ট্ৰী অৱ কমিউনিকেশ্বন এণ্ড মাল্টিমিডিয়া, মালয়েছিয়া|year=২০১৫|accessdate=১৬ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৬|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212125740/http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/info-terkini/19463-unjuran-populasi-penduduk-2015.html|archivedate=১২ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২০১৬ |deadurl=yes}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 6,891 |population_density_sq_mi = 17,310 | population_urban = | population_metro = ৭২,০০,০০০<ref>{{cite web|url=http://focusmalaysia.my/Assets/KL%20on%20track%20to%20megacity%20status|title=কেএল অন দি ৱে টু মেগাচিটি ষ্টেটাছ|publisher=ফ'কাছ মালয়েছিয়া|accessdate=১৬ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৬|archivedate=2014-12-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219134216/http://focusmalaysia.my/Assets/KL%20on%20track%20to%20megacity%20status|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | population_density_metro_km2 = 6,581 | population_blank1_title = [[List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities|জাতীয়তা]] | population_blank1 = [[KLites|কেএল-আইট]] /কুআলা লামপুৰিয়ান | demographics_type1 = [[মানৱ উন্নয়ন সুচাংক]] | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref>tags --> | demographics1_title1 = HDI (২০১০) | postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Malaysia|ডাক নম্বৰ]] | postal_code = ৫০০০০ৰ পৰা ৬০০০০ | website = {{URL|http://www.dbkl.gov.my/}} | image size = 275px |300px | pushpin_label = কুআলা লামপুৰ | pushpin_label1 = কুআলা লামপুৰ | coordinates_region = এমৱাই | demographics1_info1 = ০.৭৯৫&nbsp;(<span style="colour:#090;">উচ্চ</span>) ([[States and federal territories of Malaysia|২য়]]) | timezone = [[Malaysian Standard Time|এমএছটি]] | utc_offset = +৮ | blank_name = [[মান সৌৰ সময়]] | blank_info = ইউটিচি + ০৬:৪৬:৪৮ | blank1_name = দূৰভাষৰ ক'ড | blank1_info = ০৩ | blank2_name = যান-বাহনৰ পঞ্জীয়ন | blank2_info = V আৰু W <small> (ভাড়া গাড়ীৰ বাহিৰে অন্য সকলো বাহন) </small><br />HW <small> (কেৱল ভাড়া গাড়ীৰ বাবে) </small> | blank3_name = [[ISO 3166-2]] | blank3_info = MY-14 }} '''কুৱালালামপুৰ''' {{En|Kuala Lumpur|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|w|ɑː|l|ə| |ˈ|l|ʊ|m|p|ʊə}} বা {{IPAc-en|-|p|ər}}}},<ref>[http://www.timeoutkl.com/ কেএল এট্ৰেকশ্বন, এক্টিভিটিছ এণ্ড হোৱাটছ অন ইন কেএল – টাউম আউত কুৱালা লামপুৰ]। [http://www.timeoutkl.com টাইমআউটকেএল.কম]ৰ পৰা ১৬ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৬ত আহৰণ কৰা হৈছে।</ref> চৰকাৰী নাম '''ফেডাৰেল টেৰিটৰী অৱ কুৱালা লামপুৰ''', হৈছে [[মালয়েছিয়া]]ৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় [[ৰাজধানী]] তথা ইয়াৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ নগৰ। নগৰখনৰ মাটিকালি প্ৰায় {{convert|243|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} আৰু ২০১৫ চনৰ আনুমানিক জনসংখ্যা হৈছে ১.৭ নিযুত।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistics.gov.my/index.php?r=column/cone&menu_id=bjRlZXVGdnBueDJKY1BPWEFPRlhIdz09 |title=ফেডাৰেল টেৰিটৰী অৱ কুৱালা লামপুৰ |work=ডিপাৰ্টমেণ্ট অৱ ষ্টেটিছটিক্স, মালয়েছিয়া |access-date=2016-11-16 |archivedate=2016-06-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160623213303/https://www.statistics.gov.my/index.php?r=column%2Fcone&menu_id=bjRlZXVGdnBueDJKY1BPWEFPRlhIdz09 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[ক্লাং উপত্যাকা]] নামেৰেও জনাজাত [[গ্ৰেটাৰ কুয়ালা লামপুৰ]] হৈছে এক সামূহিক নগৰ। ২০১৩ চনত ইয়াৰ জনসংখ্যা আছিল ৭.২ নিযুত। জনসংখ্যা আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক দিশৰ পৰা ই হৈছে দক্ষিণ-পূৱ এছিয়াৰ এখন দ্ৰুত বিকাশশীল মহানগৰীয় অঞ্চল। কুৱালালামপুৰ হৈছে [[মালয়েছিয়া সংসদ]]ৰ এক আসন। এসময়ত নগৰখন ফেডাৰেল চৰকাৰৰ কাৰ্যকৰী আৰু ন্যায়িক শাখা আছিল, কিন্তু ১৯৯৯ চনৰ আদিতে শাখাসমূহ [[পুত্ৰজয়]]লৈ স্থানান্তৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|publisher=গভৰ্ণমেণ্ট অৱ মালয়েছিয়া|title=পুত্ৰজায়া&nbsp;– এডমিনিষ্ট্ৰেটিভ কেপিটেল অৱ মালয়েছিয়া|accessdate=১৬ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৬|url=http://www.gov.my/MyGov/BI/Directory/Government/AboutMsianGov/PutrajayaFederalAdminCapital/ |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071021194523/http://www.gov.my/MyGov/BI/Directory/Government/AboutMsianGov/PutrajayaFederalAdminCapital/ |archivedate = ২১ অক্টোবৰ ২০০৭}}</ref> ৰাজধানী চহৰ কুৱালা লামপুৰত এতিয়াও কিছু উপবিভাগ আছে। [[য়াং ডি-পাৰ্টুয়ান আগং|মালয়েছিয়াৰ ৰজা]]ৰ চৰকাৰী আৱাস, [[ইষ্টানা নেগাৰা, জালান ডুটা|ইষ্টানা নেগাৰা]]ও কুআলা লামপুৰতেই আছে। [[global city|আলফা ৱৰ্ল্ড চিটি]] হিচাপে বিবেচিত কুৱালা লামপুৰ হৈছে মালয়েছিয়াৰ সাংস্কৃতিক, অৰ্থনৈতিক আৰু বিত্তীয় কেন্দ্ৰস্বৰূপ। কুৱালা লামপুৰ হৈছে মালয়েছিয়াৰ তিনিখন [[Federal Territory (Malaysia)|ফেডাৰেল টেৰিটৰী]]ৰ ভিতৰত এখন,<ref name="Ibrahim, 2007">জিয়ং চুন হাই @ইব্ৰাহিম, এণ্ড নোৰ ফাৎজলিনা নাৱি। (২০০৭)। ''প্ৰিঞ্চিপলছ অৱ পাবলিক এডমিনিষ্ট্ৰেশ্বৱ: এন ইণ্ট্ৰ’ডাক্সন'' কুৱালা লামপুৰ পাব্লিকেশ্বন। ISBN 978-983-195-253-5</ref> ইয়াৰ পৰিক্ষেত্ৰ মালয়েছিয়া উপদ্বীপৰ মধ্য পশ্চিম সমুদ্ৰতীৰত থকা [[ছেলাংগৰ]] ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ভিতৰত।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/umy.html|title=টেৰিটৰিয়েন এক্সটেণ্ট|work=ষ্টেট অৱ মালয়েছিয়া|accessdate=১৬ নৱেম্বৰ ২০১৬|publisher=statoids.com}}</ref> ১৯৯০ চনৰে পৰা নগৰখনত বহুতো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰীড়া, ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কাৰ্যক্ৰম অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে। ১৯৯৮ চনত কমনৱেলথ গেইমছ আৰু ফৰ্মূলা ৱান গ্ৰাণ্ড প্ৰিক্স ইয়াতেই অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। ইয়াৰোপৰি মালয়েছিয়াৰ গৌৰৱ তথা উন্নয়নৰ প্ৰতীক, বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ ওখ যমজ অট্টালিকা, ''দ্য পেট্ৰ'নাছ টুইন টাৱাৰছ'' ইয়াতেই আছে। ==ইতিহাস== [[File:cmglee KL Masjid Jamek confluence.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.1|[[গোম্বাক নদী|গোম্বাক]] (বাঁও) আৰু [[ক্লাং নদী|ক্লাং]] (সোঁ) নদীৰ সংগমস্থলত অৱস্থিত [[জামেক মঠ]]। নদী তীৰৰ পূৱ দিশে কুয়ালা লামপুৰত আদিতে নিৰ্মিত এক স্থাপত্য (ছবিত সোঁ ফালে দেখা গৈছে)।]] ===নাম=== কুআলা লামপুৰ মানে "পংকিল সংগম"; ''কুআলা'' মানে সেই বিন্দু য'ত দুখন নদী লগ লাগে বা তিনিসোঁতী, আৰু ''লামপুৰ'' মানে "বোকা"।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://glosbe.com/ms/en/kuala |title=কুয়ালা ইন ইংলিছ |work=গ্ল'ছবি |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306052231/https://glosbe.com/ms/en/kuala |archivedate=2021-03-06 |access-date=2016-11-16 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> ===কলা-সংস্কৃতি=== [[File:KLNationalMuseumFrieze.JPG|right|thumb|নেচনেল মিউজিয়ামত প্ৰদৰ্শিত মালয়েছিয়াৰ ইতিহাস]] কোআলা লামপুৰ মালয়েছিয়াৰ বিভিন্ন সাংস্কৃতিক কাৰ্যকলাপ আৰু অনুষ্ঠানৰ কেন্দ্ৰ স্বৰূপ। এনে কেন্দ্ৰসমূহৰ ভিতৰত মাহামেৰু ঘাইপথৰ কাষত অৱস্থিত ''নেচনেল মিউজিয়াম'' প্ৰধান। ইয়াত সংগ্ৰহিত বিভিন্ন কলাকৃতি আৰু পেইণ্টিংসমূহ জগত বিখ্যাত।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.gov.my/?lang=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101125611/http://www.museum.gov.my/?lang=en|archivedate=1 January 2008|title=Main Page|publisher=Muzium Negara Malaysia|accessdate=11 December 2007}}</ref> কোআলা লামপুৰৰ অন্য এটা প্ৰধান আকৰ্ষণ হৈছে ''ইছলামিক আৰ্ট মিউজিয়াম'', ইয়াত প্ৰায় সাত সহস্ৰাধিক ইছলামিক কলাকৃতি তথা ইছলামিক সাংস্কৃতিক সমলৰ এটা পুথিভঁৰাল আছে।<ref>{{cite web|title=Main |url=http://www.iamm.org.my/main.php |publisher=Islamic Arts Museum Malaysia |accessdate=11 December 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218060811/http://www.iamm.org.my/main.php |archivedate=18 December 2007 }}</ref> এই সংগ্ৰহালয়ত কেৱল মধ্য পূৱৰ সমলেই সংগ্ৰহিত হৈ থকা নাই, ইয়াত চীন আৰু দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ দৰে এছিয়াৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলৰ সমল সংগ্ৰহ কৰি ৰখা হৈছে। কোআলা লামপুৰত সংগ্ৰহালয়ৰ সৈতে সংলগ্ন এটা ক্ৰাফ্ট কমপ্লেক্স আছে, ইয়াত বিভিন্ন বয়ন শিল্প, ধাতৱ শিল্প আৰু থলুৱা উৎপাদ প্ৰদৰ্শিত কৰা হয়। সামগ্ৰীসমূহ উৎপাদনৰ সকলো তথ্য, পক্ৰিয়া ডায়োৰামা আৰ্হিত ঐতিহাসিক বিৱৰণ তথা কৌশল আৰু পৰম্পৰাগত নিৰ্মান সৰঞ্জামৰ সৈতে পুতলাৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰা হয়। এনে পক্ৰিয়াসমূহৰ ভিতৰত কাঠৰ আচবাব নিৰ্মান, ৰূপৰ শাল, কাপোৰৰ কলা আৰু নাও নিৰ্মান আদি উল্লেখযোগ্য।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kualalumpurcityguide.com/366/craft-cultural-complex-kuala-lumpur-kompleks-budaya-kraf|title=Craft Cultural Complex Kuala Lumpur&nbsp;– Kompleks Budaya Kraf|accessdate=19 November 2010|archivedate=24 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224212511/http://kualalumpurcityguide.com/366/craft-cultural-complex-kuala-lumpur-kompleks-budaya-kraf/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ''পেট্ৰ'নাছ ফিলহাৰমনিক হল'' হৈছে কোআলা লামপুৰত অৱস্থিত প্ৰদৰ্শন কলাৰ এক মঞ্চ। ইয়াৰ স্থায়ী অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা হৈছে ''মালয়েছিয়ান ফিলহাৰমনিক অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰা''। এই অৰ্কেষ্ট্ৰাত সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰ সংগীত শিল্পীয়ে নিয়মীয়া কনচাৰ্ট, চেম্বাৰ কনচাৰ্ট আৰু পকম্পৰাগত সংগীত পৰিৱেশন কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet the MPO|publisher=Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra|url=http://www.malaysianphilharmonic.com/orc_members.php|accessdate=11 December 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070828210827/http://www.malaysianphilharmonic.com/orc_members.php |archivedate = 28 August 2007}}</ref> কোআলা লামপুৰত ''নেচনেল আৰ্ট গেলাৰী অৱ মালয়েছিয়া'', ''দ্য নেচনেল থিয়েটাৰ'' (ইষ্টানা বুদায়া) আৰু ''নেচনেল লাইব্ৰেৰী'' আছে। কোআলা লামপুৰত প্ৰত্যেক বছৰে ''ইণ্টাৰনেচনেল গৌৰমেণ্ট ফেষ্টিৱেল'' অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=Main|url=http://www.migf.com/home.html|publisher=Malaysia International Gourmet Festival|accessdate=13 December 2007 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071012015752/http://www.migf.com/home.html |archivedate = 12 October 2007}}</ref> কোআলা লামপুৰত অনুষ্ঠিত অন্য এটা বাৰ্ষিক অনুষ্ঠান হৈছে ''কোআলা লামপুৰ ফেশ্বন ৱিক'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Kuala Lumpur Fashion Week 2005|publisher=People's Daily Online|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200505/04/eng20050504_183700.html|accessdate=13 December 2007}}</ref> ইয়াত বহু স্থানীয় আৰু অন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ডিজাইনাৰ ব্ৰেণ্ডে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। কোআলা লামপুৰ বৰ্তমান এই অঞ্চলৰ এক আধুনিক কলা-সংস্কৃতি, উন্মোচন আৰু সৃষ্টিশীল উদ্যোগ বিকাশৰ কেন্দ্ৰলৈ পৰিণত হৈছে। ইয়াত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সৃষ্টিশীল উদ্যোগ অনুষ্ঠান, ''ক্ৰিয়েটিভ.এছিয়া'' (Kreative.Asia) অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা হয়। এই অনুষ্ঠানত পৰিৱেশন কলা, সংস্কৃতি, সমল আদিৰ সৃষ্টি, বিকাশ আৰু যোগানধৰোতা স্থানীয়, আঞ্চলিক আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পাৰদৰ্শী লোক সমবেত হয়। সংগীত, কলা, সংস্কৃতি আৰু যোগাযোগৰ বিনিময়ত কোআলা লামপুৰ বিশেষভাবে আগবঢ়া। ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:নগৰ-মহানগৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজধানী]] p66h1snhd009kpe77rey5bbphym43xe 0 53937 646099 390658 2026-10-19T18:10:20Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 646099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = দূবৰি বন |image = Cynodon dactylon 2.jpg |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]] |ordo = [[Poales]] |familia = [[Poaceae]] |genus = ''[[Cynodon]]'' |species = '''''C. dactylon''''' |binomial = ''Cynodon dactylon'' |binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Christian Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]] |synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; | *''Agrostis bermudiana'' {{Au|Tussac. ex Kunth}} nom. inval. *''Agrostis filiformis'' {{Au|J.Koenig ex Kunth}} nom. inval. *''Agrostis linearis'' {{Au|Retz.}} *''Agrostis stellata'' {{Au|Willd.}} *''Capriola dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Kuntze}} *''Capriola dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Hitchc.}} *''Chloris cynodon'' {{Au|Trin.}} nom. illeg. *''Chloris maritima'' {{Au|Trin.}} *''Chloris paytensis'' {{Au|Steud.}} *''Cynodon affinis'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon aristiglumis'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon aristulatus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon barberi'' f. ''longifolia'' {{Au|Join}} *''Cynodon decipiens'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon distichloides'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon erectus'' {{Au|J.Presl}} *''Cynodon glabratus'' {{Au|Steud.}} *''Cynodon grandispiculus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} nom. inval. *''Cynodon hirsutissimus'' {{Au|(Litard. & Maire) Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon iraquensis'' {{Au|Caro}} *''Cynodon laeviglumis'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon linearis'' {{Au|Willd.}} *''Cynodon maritimus'' {{Au|Kunth}} *''Cynodon mucronatus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon nitidus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon occidentalis'' {{Au|Willd. ex Steud.}} nom. inval. *''Cynodon pascuus'' {{Au|Nees}} *''Cynodon pedicellatus'' {{Au|Caro}} *''Cynodon polevansii'' {{Au|Stent}} *''Cynodon portoricensis'' {{Au|Willd. ex Steud.}} nom. inval. *''Cynodon repens'' {{Au|Dulac}} nom. illeg. *''Cynodon sarmentosus'' {{Au|Gray}} nom. illeg. *''Cynodon scabrifolius'' {{Au|Caro}} *''Cynodon stellatus'' {{Au|Willd.}} *''Cynodon tenuis'' {{Au|Trin.}} *''Cynodon umbellatus'' {{Au|(Lam.) Caro}} *''Cynosurus dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Pers.}} *''Cynosurus uniflorus'' {{Au|Walter}} *''Dactilon officinale'' {{Au|Vill.}} nom. illeg. *''Dactylus officinalis'' {{Au|Asch.}} nom. inval. *''Digitaria ambigua'' {{Au|(Lapeyr. ex DC.) Mérat}} *''Digitaria dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Scop.}} *''Digitaria glumaepatula'' {{Au|(Steud.) Miq.}} *''Digitaria glumipatula'' {{Au|(Steud.) Miq.}} *''Digitaria linearis'' {{Au|(L.) Pers.}} *''Digitaria linearis'' {{Au|(Retz.) Spreng.}} *''Digitaria littoralis'' {{Au|Salisb.}} nom. illeg. *''Digitaria maritima'' {{Au|(Kunth) Spreng.}} *''Digitaria stolonifera'' {{Au|Schrad.}} nom. illeg. *''Fibichia dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Beck}} *''Fibichia umbellata'' {{Au|Koeler}} nom. illeg. *''Milium dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Moench}} *''Panicum ambiguum'' {{Au|(DC.) Le Turq.}} *''Panicum dactylon'' {{Au|L.}} *''Panicum glumipatulum'' {{Au|Steud.}} *''Panicum lineare'' {{Au|L.}} *''Paspalum ambiguum'' {{Au|DC.}} *''Paspalum dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Lam.}} *''Paspalum umbellatum'' {{Au|Lam.}} *''Phleum dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Georgi}} *''Syntherisma linearis'' {{Au|(L.) Nash}} *''Vilfa linearis'' {{Au|(Retz.) P.Beauv.}} *''Vilfa stellata'' {{Au|(Willd.) P.Beauv.}} }} }} |synonyms_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-406339|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|access-date=2019-10-03|archivedate=2023-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307082857/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-406339|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |}} '''দূবৰি বন''' (বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম: ''{{Lang|en|Cynodon dactylon}}'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100389014?tab=acceptednames|website=Tropicos.org|publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden|accessdate=5 December 2015|title=Vilfa stellata (Willd.) P. Beauv}}</ref> এবিধ ঘাঁহ জাতীয় ঔষধি উদ্ভিদ। ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিত দূবৰি বনৰ বিশেষ মহত্ত্ব আছে। বিভিন্ন ধৰ্মীয় অনুষ্ঠানত দূবৰি বন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। [[আফ্ৰিকা]] মহাদেশৰ স্থানীয় ঘাঁহবিধ বৰ্তমান গোটেই বিশ্বতে পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17463 |title= CABI Invasive Species Compendium}}</ref> [[আয়ুৰ্বেদ]]ত দূবৰিক বাত, পিত্ত আৰু কফৰ মহৌষধ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়। সাধাৰণ কটা-ছিঙাৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বিভিন্ন গুৰুতৰ ৰোগত দূবৰি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। সৌন্দৰ্যবৰ্ধনৰ বাবেও দূবৰিক উদ্যান ঘাঁহ হিচাপে ব্যবহাৰ কৰা হয়। কিছুমান ঠাইত ইয়াক বিদেশী প্ৰজাতি হিচাপে অপতৃণ বুলিও গণ্য কৰা হয়। ==বৰ্ণনা== দূবৰিৰ পাত সেউজীয়া ৰঙৰ আৰু গুৰিৰ প্ৰায় ২-১৫ ছেঃমিঃ দীঘল হয়। ইয়াৰ বুঢ়া পাতবোৰ অলপ খহটা।<ref name="bidgeebush">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J1VAQAACAAJ|title=Bidgee bush: an identification guide to common native plant species of the south western slopes of New South Wales |last=Walker |first=Karen |last2=Burrows|first2= Geoff|last3= McMahon|first3= Lynne |year=2001 |publisher=Greening Australia |location=Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory |isbn=978-1-875345-61-8 |page=82 |accessdate=21 March 2010}}</ref> ইয়াৰ থিয় ঠাৰিডাল অলপ চেপেটা আৰু ১-৩০ ছেঃমিঃ ওখ হয়। গুটিবোৰ সৰু যদিও গা-গছৰ ধাৱকেৰে বংশবৃদ্ধি বেছিকৈ হয়। ইয়াৰ মূল শিপা প্ৰণালী মাটিক খামোচ মাৰি ধৰে আৰু খৰাং পৰিস্থিতিত ২ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত দীঘল হ'ব পাৰে। ধাৱক গা গছৰ গাঁঠিৰ পৰাও সৰু সৰু শিপা ওলায়। এই শিপা খুব বেছি ৬০ ছেঃমিঃ দীঘল হয় আৰু মাটিৰ ওপৰত ডাঠকৈ বিয়পি পৰে। উচ্চ উষ্ণতাত ইয়াৰ বৃদ্ধি ভাল হয়। শীতকালত ইয়াৰ বৃদ্ধি আটাইতকৈ কম হয়। ==ব্যৱহাৰ== ===সংস্কৃতিক ব্যৱহাৰ=== ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিত কল্যাণৰ প্ৰতীক হিচাপে দূবৰি বনক গণ্য কৰা হয়। পূজা-পাৰ্বনত শান্তিজল ছটিয়াবলৈ দূবৰি বন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। পূজাত দেৱ-দেৱীলৈ দূবৰি আগবঢ়োৱা হয়। বিবাহ অনুষ্ঠানত দূবৰিৰে নতুন বোৱাৰী ঘৰলৈ বৰণ কৰি অনা হয়। বিভিন্ন গীত, কবিতা আৰু সাহিত্যত দূবৰিৰ উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। ===ঔষধি গুণ=== আয়ুৰ্বেদত দূবৰিক বাত, পিত্ত আৰু কফৰ মহৌষধ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়। দূবৰি বন সন্তান গৰ্ভধাৰণত অসমৰ্থ হলে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। আমাশয় আৰু উদৰাময়েত দূবৰি বনৰ ৰস ঔষধ। আয়ুৰ্বেদিক শাস্ত্ৰমতে ৰক্তপিত্ত ৰোগত দূবৰি বন মহৌষধ। এই ৰোগত মুখ, নাকৰ বাহিৰেও শৰীৰৰ বিভিন্ন অংশৰে ৰক্ত নিঃসৰণ হলে দূবৰি ৰস খালে আৰু নাকৰ ফুটাত দিলে উপশম হয়। চুলি সৰা ৰোগটো দূবৰি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। পায়েৰিয়া ৰোগত দূবৰি বনৰ পাতেৰে দাঁত মাজিলে ভাল। কটা-ছিঙাত ইয়াৰ পাত থেতালি আক্ৰান্ত স্থানত প্ৰলেপ দিলে ৰক্তক্ষৰণ বন্ধ হৈ যায়। ===সৌন্দৰ্য বৰ্ধন=== উদ্যানৰ ঘাঁহ হিচাপে দূবৰি বন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। নিয়ৰত তিতা কোমল দূবৰি বনৰ ওপৰত খোজ কাঢ়িবলৈ ভাল। ==অন্যান্য নাম== * [[হিন্দী ভাষা]]: দূব, দূবড়া * [[সংস্কৃত ভাষা]]: দুৰ্বা, সহস্ৰবীৰ্য, অনন্ত, ভাৰ্গৱী, শতপৰ্বা, শতবল্লী * [[মাৰাঠী ভাষা]]: দূৰ্বা * [[গুজৰাটী ভাষা]]: ধলাধ্ৰু * [[বঙালী ভাষা]]: দূৰ্বা ==তথ্য উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category|Cynodon dactylon|দূবৰি বন}} * [http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/DATA/PF000208.HTM FAO.org তথ্যপৃষ্ঠা: ''Cynodon dactylon''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830111118/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/DATA/PF000208.HTM |date=2010-08-30 }} [[শ্ৰেণী:তৃণ]] p7y35sqizupugs8mte4crdct7pi7ta7 646100 646099 2026-10-19T18:10:42Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 পৃষ্ঠা [[দুবৰি বন]]ৰ পৰা [[দূবৰি বন]]লৈ Pranamikaadhikaryয়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে: Misspelled title 646099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |name = দূবৰি বন |image = Cynodon dactylon 2.jpg |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]] |ordo = [[Poales]] |familia = [[Poaceae]] |genus = ''[[Cynodon]]'' |species = '''''C. dactylon''''' |binomial = ''Cynodon dactylon'' |binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Christian Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]] |synonyms = {{Collapsible list | {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; | *''Agrostis bermudiana'' {{Au|Tussac. ex Kunth}} nom. inval. *''Agrostis filiformis'' {{Au|J.Koenig ex Kunth}} nom. inval. *''Agrostis linearis'' {{Au|Retz.}} *''Agrostis stellata'' {{Au|Willd.}} *''Capriola dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Kuntze}} *''Capriola dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Hitchc.}} *''Chloris cynodon'' {{Au|Trin.}} nom. illeg. *''Chloris maritima'' {{Au|Trin.}} *''Chloris paytensis'' {{Au|Steud.}} *''Cynodon affinis'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon aristiglumis'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon aristulatus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon barberi'' f. ''longifolia'' {{Au|Join}} *''Cynodon decipiens'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon distichloides'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon erectus'' {{Au|J.Presl}} *''Cynodon glabratus'' {{Au|Steud.}} *''Cynodon grandispiculus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} nom. inval. *''Cynodon hirsutissimus'' {{Au|(Litard. & Maire) Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon iraquensis'' {{Au|Caro}} *''Cynodon laeviglumis'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon linearis'' {{Au|Willd.}} *''Cynodon maritimus'' {{Au|Kunth}} *''Cynodon mucronatus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon nitidus'' {{Au|Caro & E.A.Sánchez}} *''Cynodon occidentalis'' {{Au|Willd. ex Steud.}} nom. inval. *''Cynodon pascuus'' {{Au|Nees}} *''Cynodon pedicellatus'' {{Au|Caro}} *''Cynodon polevansii'' {{Au|Stent}} *''Cynodon portoricensis'' {{Au|Willd. ex Steud.}} nom. inval. *''Cynodon repens'' {{Au|Dulac}} nom. illeg. *''Cynodon sarmentosus'' {{Au|Gray}} nom. illeg. *''Cynodon scabrifolius'' {{Au|Caro}} *''Cynodon stellatus'' {{Au|Willd.}} *''Cynodon tenuis'' {{Au|Trin.}} *''Cynodon umbellatus'' {{Au|(Lam.) Caro}} *''Cynosurus dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Pers.}} *''Cynosurus uniflorus'' {{Au|Walter}} *''Dactilon officinale'' {{Au|Vill.}} nom. illeg. *''Dactylus officinalis'' {{Au|Asch.}} nom. inval. *''Digitaria ambigua'' {{Au|(Lapeyr. ex DC.) Mérat}} *''Digitaria dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Scop.}} *''Digitaria glumaepatula'' {{Au|(Steud.) Miq.}} *''Digitaria glumipatula'' {{Au|(Steud.) Miq.}} *''Digitaria linearis'' {{Au|(L.) Pers.}} *''Digitaria linearis'' {{Au|(Retz.) Spreng.}} *''Digitaria littoralis'' {{Au|Salisb.}} nom. illeg. *''Digitaria maritima'' {{Au|(Kunth) Spreng.}} *''Digitaria stolonifera'' {{Au|Schrad.}} nom. illeg. *''Fibichia dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Beck}} *''Fibichia umbellata'' {{Au|Koeler}} nom. illeg. *''Milium dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Moench}} *''Panicum ambiguum'' {{Au|(DC.) Le Turq.}} *''Panicum dactylon'' {{Au|L.}} *''Panicum glumipatulum'' {{Au|Steud.}} *''Panicum lineare'' {{Au|L.}} *''Paspalum ambiguum'' {{Au|DC.}} *''Paspalum dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Lam.}} *''Paspalum umbellatum'' {{Au|Lam.}} *''Phleum dactylon'' {{Au|(L.) Georgi}} *''Syntherisma linearis'' {{Au|(L.) Nash}} *''Vilfa linearis'' {{Au|(Retz.) P.Beauv.}} *''Vilfa stellata'' {{Au|(Willd.) P.Beauv.}} }} }} |synonyms_ref =<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-406339|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|access-date=2019-10-03|archivedate=2023-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307082857/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-406339|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |}} '''দূবৰি বন''' (বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম: ''{{Lang|en|Cynodon dactylon}}'')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/100389014?tab=acceptednames|website=Tropicos.org|publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden|accessdate=5 December 2015|title=Vilfa stellata (Willd.) P. Beauv}}</ref> এবিধ ঘাঁহ জাতীয় ঔষধি উদ্ভিদ। ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিত দূবৰি বনৰ বিশেষ মহত্ত্ব আছে। বিভিন্ন ধৰ্মীয় অনুষ্ঠানত দূবৰি বন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। [[আফ্ৰিকা]] মহাদেশৰ স্থানীয় ঘাঁহবিধ বৰ্তমান গোটেই বিশ্বতে পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17463 |title= CABI Invasive Species Compendium}}</ref> [[আয়ুৰ্বেদ]]ত দূবৰিক বাত, পিত্ত আৰু কফৰ মহৌষধ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়। সাধাৰণ কটা-ছিঙাৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি বিভিন্ন গুৰুতৰ ৰোগত দূবৰি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। সৌন্দৰ্যবৰ্ধনৰ বাবেও দূবৰিক উদ্যান ঘাঁহ হিচাপে ব্যবহাৰ কৰা হয়। কিছুমান ঠাইত ইয়াক বিদেশী প্ৰজাতি হিচাপে অপতৃণ বুলিও গণ্য কৰা হয়। ==বৰ্ণনা== দূবৰিৰ পাত সেউজীয়া ৰঙৰ আৰু গুৰিৰ প্ৰায় ২-১৫ ছেঃমিঃ দীঘল হয়। ইয়াৰ বুঢ়া পাতবোৰ অলপ খহটা।<ref name="bidgeebush">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6J1VAQAACAAJ|title=Bidgee bush: an identification guide to common native plant species of the south western slopes of New South Wales |last=Walker |first=Karen |last2=Burrows|first2= Geoff|last3= McMahon|first3= Lynne |year=2001 |publisher=Greening Australia |location=Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory |isbn=978-1-875345-61-8 |page=82 |accessdate=21 March 2010}}</ref> ইয়াৰ থিয় ঠাৰিডাল অলপ চেপেটা আৰু ১-৩০ ছেঃমিঃ ওখ হয়। গুটিবোৰ সৰু যদিও গা-গছৰ ধাৱকেৰে বংশবৃদ্ধি বেছিকৈ হয়। ইয়াৰ মূল শিপা প্ৰণালী মাটিক খামোচ মাৰি ধৰে আৰু খৰাং পৰিস্থিতিত ২ মিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত দীঘল হ'ব পাৰে। ধাৱক গা গছৰ গাঁঠিৰ পৰাও সৰু সৰু শিপা ওলায়। এই শিপা খুব বেছি ৬০ ছেঃমিঃ দীঘল হয় আৰু মাটিৰ ওপৰত ডাঠকৈ বিয়পি পৰে। উচ্চ উষ্ণতাত ইয়াৰ বৃদ্ধি ভাল হয়। শীতকালত ইয়াৰ বৃদ্ধি আটাইতকৈ কম হয়। ==ব্যৱহাৰ== ===সংস্কৃতিক ব্যৱহাৰ=== ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতিত কল্যাণৰ প্ৰতীক হিচাপে দূবৰি বনক গণ্য কৰা হয়। পূজা-পাৰ্বনত শান্তিজল ছটিয়াবলৈ দূবৰি বন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। পূজাত দেৱ-দেৱীলৈ দূবৰি আগবঢ়োৱা হয়। বিবাহ অনুষ্ঠানত দূবৰিৰে নতুন বোৱাৰী ঘৰলৈ বৰণ কৰি অনা হয়। বিভিন্ন গীত, কবিতা আৰু সাহিত্যত দূবৰিৰ উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়। ===ঔষধি গুণ=== আয়ুৰ্বেদত দূবৰিক বাত, পিত্ত আৰু কফৰ মহৌষধ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়। দূবৰি বন সন্তান গৰ্ভধাৰণত অসমৰ্থ হলে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। আমাশয় আৰু উদৰাময়েত দূবৰি বনৰ ৰস ঔষধ। আয়ুৰ্বেদিক শাস্ত্ৰমতে ৰক্তপিত্ত ৰোগত দূবৰি বন মহৌষধ। এই ৰোগত মুখ, নাকৰ বাহিৰেও শৰীৰৰ বিভিন্ন অংশৰে ৰক্ত নিঃসৰণ হলে দূবৰি ৰস খালে আৰু নাকৰ ফুটাত দিলে উপশম হয়। চুলি সৰা ৰোগটো দূবৰি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। পায়েৰিয়া ৰোগত দূবৰি বনৰ পাতেৰে দাঁত মাজিলে ভাল। কটা-ছিঙাত ইয়াৰ পাত থেতালি আক্ৰান্ত স্থানত প্ৰলেপ দিলে ৰক্তক্ষৰণ বন্ধ হৈ যায়। ===সৌন্দৰ্য বৰ্ধন=== উদ্যানৰ ঘাঁহ হিচাপে দূবৰি বন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। নিয়ৰত তিতা কোমল দূবৰি বনৰ ওপৰত খোজ কাঢ়িবলৈ ভাল। ==অন্যান্য নাম== * [[হিন্দী ভাষা]]: দূব, দূবড়া * [[সংস্কৃত ভাষা]]: দুৰ্বা, সহস্ৰবীৰ্য, অনন্ত, ভাৰ্গৱী, শতপৰ্বা, শতবল্লী * [[মাৰাঠী ভাষা]]: দূৰ্বা * [[গুজৰাটী ভাষা]]: ধলাধ্ৰু * [[বঙালী ভাষা]]: দূৰ্বা ==তথ্য উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category|Cynodon dactylon|দূবৰি বন}} * [http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/DATA/PF000208.HTM FAO.org তথ্যপৃষ্ঠা: ''Cynodon dactylon''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830111118/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/DATA/PF000208.HTM |date=2010-08-30 }} [[শ্ৰেণী:তৃণ]] p7y35sqizupugs8mte4crdct7pi7ta7 0 56159 646161 423392 2026-10-19T23:46:45Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name=গান্ধীনগৰ |area_code=০৭৯<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Change-in-Ahmedabad-Gandhinagar-phone-numbers/articleshow/35900696.cms|title=Change in Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar phone numbers - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> |area_code_type=টেলিফোন ক'ড |area_footnotes= |area_rank= |area_total_km2=177 |demographics1_info1=[[গুজৰাটী ভাষা|গুজৰাটী]], [[হিন্দী ভাষা|হিন্দী]] আৰু [[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]] |demographics1_title1=আধিকাৰিক |demographics_type1=ভাষা |elevation_footnotes= |elevation_m=81 |established_date=16th March, 1960 |established_title=<!-- প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত --> |footnotes= |founder= |governing_body=[[গান্ধীনগৰ পৌৰ নিগম]] |government_type=মেয়ৰ–কাউঞ্চিল |image_alt= |image_caption=গান্ধীনগৰস্থিত [[অক্ষৰধাম মন্দিৰ, গান্ধীনগৰ|অক্ষৰধাম মন্দিৰ]] |image_skyline=Akshardham Gandhinagar Gujarat.jpg |latd=23.223 |longd=72.650 |map_alt= |map_caption= |named_for=[[মহাত্মা গান্ধী]] |population_as_of=2011 |population_demonym= |population_density_km2=auto |population_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-gujarat.php|title=Gujarat (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|publisher=}}</ref> |population_rank= |population_total=292167 |postal_code=৩৮২০১০<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.findpincode.net/gujarat/gandhi-nagar/gandhinagar-gujarat-pincode-382010|title=PIN Code: Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India|work=findpincode.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411131417/https://www.findpincode.net/gujarat/gandhi-nagar/gandhinagar-gujarat-pincode-382010|archivedate=2016-04-11|access-date=2019-12-30|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |postal_code_type=[[পিনক'ড|পিন ক'ড]] |pushpin_label_position=right |pushpin_map=India Gujarat#India |pushpin_map_alt= |pushpin_map_caption=গুজৰাটত অৱস্থান |registration_plate=GJ-18 |settlement_type=ৰাজধানী নগৰ |subdivision_name1=[[গুজৰাট]] |subdivision_name2=গান্ধীনগৰ জিলা |subdivision_name={{IND}} |subdivision_type1=[[ভাৰতৰ ৰাজ্য আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয়শাসিত অঞ্চলসমূহ|ৰাজ্য]] |subdivision_type2=জিলা |subdivision_type=[[সাৰ্বভৌম ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহৰ তালিকা|দেশ]] |timezone1=[[ভাৰতীয় মান সময়|ভামাস]] |unit_pref=Metric |utc_offset1=+৫:৩০ |website={{URL|gujaratindia.com}} |latNS=N|longEW=E}} '''গান্ধীনগৰ''' ({{Lang-en|Gandhinagar}}) [[ভাৰত]]ৰ [[গুজৰাট]] ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী নগৰ। গান্ধীনগৰ ভাৰতৰ ৰাজনৈতিক ৰাজধানী [[দিল্লী]] আৰু ভাৰতৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক ৰাজধানী [[মুম্বাই]]ৰ মধ্যৱৰ্তী ঔদ্যোগিক কৰিড'ৰৰ পশ্চিম কেন্দ্ৰীয় পইণ্ট, [[আহমেদাবাদ]]ৰ প্ৰায় ২৩ কিলোমিটাৰ উত্তৰে অৱস্থিত। গুজৰাটৰ নতুন ৰাজধানী গান্ধীনগৰ সাবৰমতী নদীৰ পশ্চিম পাৰে, ভাৰতৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক ৰাজধানী মুম্বাইৰ প্ৰায় ৪৫৫ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩৩৮ মাইল) উত্তৰে আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক ৰাজধানী দিল্লীৰ ৯০১ কিলোমিটাৰ (৫৬০ মাইল) দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমে অৱস্থিত।<ref name="gujaratguideonline.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gujaratguideonline.com/Gandhinagar-History.html|title=Information about History and Political science of Gandhinagar City – Gujarat|publisher=Gujaratguideonline.com|accessdate=26 July 2010|archivedate=17 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817104018/http://www.gujaratguideonline.com/Gandhinagar-History.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> হিন্দুসকলৰ পবিত্ৰ ধৰ্মস্থল [[অক্ষৰধাম মন্দিৰ, গান্ধীনগৰ|অক্ষৰধাম মন্দিৰ]] গান্ধীনগৰত অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sbiifsccode.co.in/state-bank-of-india-sbi-ifsc-code/gujarat/gandhinagar|title=SBI IFSC Code: Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India|work=Sbiifsccode.co.in|access-date=2019-12-30|archivedate=2016-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818183433/http://www.sbiifsccode.co.in/state-bank-of-india-sbi-ifsc-code/gujarat/gandhinagar|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == গান্ধীনগৰৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰ্ণেল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত শিক্ষিত মুখ্য স্থপতিবিদ এইচ কে মেৱাডা আৰু তেওঁৰ সহকাৰী প্ৰকাশ এম আপ্টেৰ দ্বাৰা কৰা হৈছে। == জনগাঁথনি == {{Bar box|title=গান্ধীনগৰৰ ধৰ্মসমূহ|titlebar=#Fcd116|left1=ধৰ্ম|right1=শতাংশ|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|হিন্দু]]|orange|94.46}} {{bar percent|[[ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মুছলমান]]|green|03.29}}}} ২০০১ চনৰ লোকপিয়ল<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archivedate=16 June 2004|title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|accessdate=1 November 2008|publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> অনুসৰি গান্ধীনগৰৰ জনসংখ্যা ১,৯৫,৮৯১ জন। পুৰুষ আৰু মহিলাৰ জনসংখ্যা ক্ৰমে ৫৩% আৰু ৪৭%। গান্ধীনগৰৰ গড় সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৭৭.১১%। পুৰুষৰ সাক্ষৰতা ৮২% আৰু মহিলাৰ সাক্ষৰতা ৭৩%। গান্ধীনগৰৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ ১১% ০-৬ বছৰীয়া শিশু। গান্ধীনগৰৰ ৯৫%-ৰো অধিক জনসংখ্যা [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|হিন্দু]] ধৰ্মাৱলম্বী লোক। == ভূগোল == গান্ধীনগৰৰ গড় উচ্চতা হ'ল ৮১ মিটাৰ (২৬৬ ফুট)। নগৰখন উত্তৰ-মধ্য-পূব গুজৰাটৰ সাবৰমতী নদীৰ পাৰত অৱস্থিত। গান্ধীনগৰৰ চাৰিওফালৰ ২০,৫৪৩ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ অঞ্চলটো গুজৰাটৰ ৰাজধানী ক্ষেত্ৰৰ সীমা নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা হৈছে। এই নগৰখন ২০৫ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ (৭৯ বৰ্গ মাইল)-লৈ বিস্তৃত হৈ আছে। নদীখন গ্ৰীষ্মকালত প্ৰায়েই শুকাই যায়, যাৰ ফলত নদীখনে জুৰিৰ ৰূপ লৈ লয়। ৫৪% সেউজীয়া অঞ্চলৰ সৈতে গান্ধীনগৰ ভাৰতৰ বৃক্ষ ৰাজধানী। == জলবায়ু == {{জলবায়ু তালিকা|গান্ধীনগৰ|28=171.9|22=265.3|23=24.8|24=31.9|25=219.8|26=24.1|27=33.4|29=20.9|20=25.7|30=35.8|31=10.8|32=16.5|33=33.2|34=8.9|35=13.0|36=29.8|21=33.3|19=108.7|11.7|9=36.0|28.4|2.6|13.8|31.3|1.1|18.8|10=1.0|18=38.4|11=23.4|12=39.9|13=0.9|14=26.2|15=41.8|16=6.0|17=27.0|37=2.6}} গান্ধীনগৰ এক ক্ৰান্তীয় অঞ্চল। সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ জলবায়ু আদ্ৰ আৰু শুষ্ক। == চৰকাৰ আৰু ৰাজনীতি == ১৯৬০ চনৰ ১ মে' তাৰিখে পূৰ্বৰ [[বোম্বাই ৰাজ্য]]ৰ পূব অংশৰ ১৭খন জিলাৰে [[গুজৰাট]] ৰাজ্যৰ গঠন কৰা হয়। পিছত এই জিলাকেইখন পুনৰ্বিভাজিত কৰা হ'ল। ৰাজ্যখনত ৩৩খন প্ৰশাসনিক জিলা আছে। গান্ধীনগৰ গুজৰাট ৰাজ্যৰ এক ৰাজনৈতিক কেন্দ্ৰ। ২০১১ চনত [[ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্ৰেছ|কংগ্ৰেছে]] প্ৰথম পৌৰসভা নিৰ্বাচনত জয়লাভ কৰিছিল। [[মহেন্দ্ৰসিংহ ৰানা]] নগৰখনৰ প্ৰথম মেয়ৰ হ'ল। গান্ধীনগৰৰ বাবে [[লোকসভা]]ৰ বৰ্তমান সদস্য হ'ল [[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি]] (বিজেপি)-ৰ [[অমিত শ্বাহ]]।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Seventeenth Lok Sabha Members Bioprofile|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=5021|work=Lok Sabha House of the People|publisher=Parliament of India|accessdate=1 December 2019}}</ref> গান্ধীনগৰ ভাৰতীয় সেনা আৰু ভাৰতীয় বায়ু সেনাৰ পশ্চিম কমাণ্ড প'ষ্টৰো ওচৰতে অৱস্থিত আৰু নগৰখনত কমাণ্ড চেণ্টাৰ এখনো আছে। গান্ধীনগৰত শেহতীয়াকৈ গুজৰাট ৰাজ্যিক জৰুৰীকালীন দুৰ্যোগ পৰিচালনা কেন্দ্ৰ বিকাশ কৰা হৈছে। == পৰিবহণ আৰু যাতায়াত == [[চিত্ৰ:GandhinagarRoad.jpg|thumb|200x200px|গান্ধীনগৰৰ পথ]] === বিমান পৰিবহণ === [[আহমেদাবাদ]]স্থিত [[চৰ্দাৰ বল্লভভাই পেটেল আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ]] গান্ধীনগৰৰ পৰা ১৮ কিলোমিটাৰ দূৰৈত অৱস্থিত, যিয়ে ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমান সেৱা প্ৰদান কৰে। === ৰেল পৰিবহণ === [[গান্ধীনগৰ ৰাজধানী ৰেলৱে' ষ্টেশ্যন|গান্ধীনগৰ ৰাজধানী ৰেল ষ্টেশ্যন]] (GNC; জি এন চি) ছেক্টৰ ১৪-ত অৱস্থিত। পশ্চিমাঞ্চলত চলাচল কৰা বহুতো ট্ৰেইন গান্ধীনগৰেৰে হৈ যায়। বৰ্তমান এইখন ষ্টেশ্যনৰ পৰা পাঁচখন ট্ৰেইন চলাচল কৰে, য'ৰ তিনিখন এক্সপ্ৰেছ ট্ৰেইন আৰু দুখন MEMU ট্ৰেইন। [[জয়পুৰ-বান্দ্ৰা গৰীব ৰথ]], [[দিল্লী]] আৰু [[হৰিদুৱাৰ]]ৰ বাবে [[হৰিদুৱাৰ মেইল]] আৰু [[ইন্দোৰ জংশ্যন BG]]ৰ বাবে [[শান্তি এক্সপ্ৰেছ]] ট্ৰেইনকেইখন এই ষ্টেশ্যনেৰে হৈ চলাচল কৰা মুখ্য এক্সপ্ৰেছ ট্ৰেইন। [[আহমেদাবাদ]]ৰ [[কালুপুৰ]]ত থকা [[আহমেদাবাদ]] ৰেল ষ্টেশ্যন (ADI) হ'ল আটাইতকৈ নিকটৱৰ্তী ৰেল জংশ্যন (২৫ কিলোমিটাৰ দূৰৈত) যিয়ে ভাৰতৰ সকলো প্ৰধান নগৰ আৰু নগৰৰ সৈতে যাতায়ত ব্যৱস্থা প্ৰদান কৰে। [[কাল'ল জংশ্যন ৰেলৱে' ষ্টেশ্যন|কাল'ল জংশ্যন ৰেল ষ্টেশ্যন]] (KLL)-ৰ পৰা উত্তৰ ভাৰত আৰু পূব ভাৰতত চলাচল কৰাৰ বাবে ভাৰতীয় ৰে'লপথ পৰিবহণ ব্যৱস্থা উপলব্ধ। ==== আহমেদাবাদ আৰু গান্ধীনগৰৰ বাবে মেট্ৰ'-লিংক এক্সপ্ৰেছ ==== গুজৰাটৰ পৰিচালনা সমিতিয়ে [[গান্ধীনগৰ আৰু আহমেদাবাদৰ বাবে মেট্ৰ'-লিংক এক্সপ্ৰেছ]] (মেট্ৰ'-লিংক এক্সপ্ৰেছ ফৰ গান্ধীনগৰ এণ্ড আহমেদাবাদ; MEGA) প্ৰস্তাৱিত কৰি নগৰখনত দ্ৰুত পৰিবহণৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছে যাক আহমেদাবাদ মেট্ৰ' বুলিও জনা যায়। চাৰিটা কৰিড'ৰ থকা ছিষ্টেমটোৰ চুক্তি [[দিল্লী মেট্ৰ' ৰে'ল কৰ্পোৰেশ্যন]] (DMRC; ডি এম আৰ চি)ক প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে দিল্লী মেট্ৰ'ৰো পৰিচালনা কৰে। দিল্লী মেট্ৰ'য়ে ২০০৪-০৫ চনত প্ৰাক-সম্ভাৱনীয়তা সৰ্বেক্ষণ কৰিছিল। ২০০৩ চনত যেতিয়া প্ৰকল্পটোৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছিল তেতিয়া ইয়াৰ বাবে ৪৫০০ কোটি টকা ধৈৰ্য্য কৰা হৈছিল যদিও পৰৱৰ্তী পোন্ধৰ বছৰলৈকে মেট্ৰ'ৰ কাৰ্য্য আৰম্ভ হোৱা নাছিল। কিন্তু আহমেদাবাদত মেট্ৰ' প্ৰকল্পৰ আংশিক সমাপ্তিৰ ফলত ২০১৯ চনত প্ৰকল্পটোৱে গতি লাভ কৰিছে। ডি এম আৰ চি (দিল্লী মেট্ৰ' ৰে'ল কৰ্পোৰেশ্যন লিমিটেড)-এ ইতিমধ্যে ইয়াৰ প্ৰযুক্তিগত-সম্ভাৱনীয়তা অধ্যয়ন কৰি প্ৰতিবেদন জমা দিছে। == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == {{Reflist}} == বাহ্যিক লিংক == * {{Wikivoyage|Gandhinagar|গান্ধীনগৰ}} * [http://www.guda.gujarat.gov.in/ Gandhinagar Urban Development Authority] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607115001/http://www.guda.gujarat.gov.in/ |date=2020-06-07 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141217074551/http://gandhinagarmunicipalcorporation.com/ Gandhinagar Municipal Corporation] {{ভাৰতবৰ্ষৰ ৰাজ্য আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয় শাসিত অঞ্চলসমূহৰ ৰাজধানী|state=expanded}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ নগৰ মহানগৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ ৰাজধানী নগৰ]] o5mch2x99hs41dkgx2vfg3y0wj6c734 0 60297 646174 454047 2026-10-20T02:21:17Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|চুঙা চাউল}} {{Infobox food | name = চুঙা পিঠা | image = Sungapitha.jpg | caption = চুঙা পিঠাৰ প্ৰস্তুতকৰণ | alternate_name = চুঙাপোৰা পিঠা, চুঙা ফিতা | region = দক্ষিণ এছিয়া | country = {{flag|India}}, {{flag|Bangladesh}} | course = [[অসমীয়া জলপান]] | type = মিঠা | served = চেঁচা | main_ingredient = [[বৰা চাউল]], গুৰ আৰু [[বাঁহ]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/food/magh-bihu-2020-special-sweets-laru-pitha-doi-sira-enjoy-these-assamese-traditional-dessert-recipes-on-bhogali-bihu-1467535.html |title=Magh Bihu 2020 Special Sweets: Laru, Pitha, Doi-Sira, Enjoy These Assamese Traditional Dessert Recipes on Bhogali Bihu |website=latestly.com |date=14 January 2020 |access-date=22 March 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322135443/https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/food/magh-bihu-2020-special-sweets-laru-pitha-doi-sira-enjoy-these-assamese-traditional-dessert-recipes-on-bhogali-bihu-1467535.html |archivedate=22 March 2020 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> | variations = | other = }} '''চুঙা পিঠা''' কেঁচা পিঠাগুড়ি আৰু গুড় মিহলাই কোমল বাঁহৰ চুঙাত পুৰি ভজা এবিধ [[পিঠা]]। দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ [[অসম]] আৰু [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰ ছিলেট অঞ্চল এই পিঠাৰ উৎপত্তিস্থল। চুঙা পিঠা কৰিবলৈ জাতি বা মকাল বাঁহ এফালে গাঁঠি ৰাখি কটা হয়। পিঠাগুড়ি গুড় মিহলোৱা পানীৰে সানি বাঁহৰ চুঙাটোত ভৰাই মুখখনত কলপাত বা পৰিষ্কাৰ ধান খেৰেৰে মুখখন টানকৈ বন্ধ কৰি জুইত পোৰা হয়। সোপাটো ওলাই আহিলেই পিঠা সিজিছে বুলি জনা যায়। চুঙাত পিঠা তৈয়াৰ কৰা বাবে ই দেখাত চুঙাৰ দৰেই হয়, সেয়ে ইয়াক চুঙা পিঠা বোলা হয়।<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=7MK3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA132&lpg=PA132&dq=sunga+pitha&source=bl&ots=-hzXqoKxYd&sig=ACfU3U0i7Om8khzx8VqNbmnSGIgqt6qorQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_9KzX863oAhUZeisKHZJZCSY4ChDoATACegQIBhAB#v=onepage&q=sunga%20pitha&f=false|title=Traditional Foods: History, Preparation, Processing and Safety|editor=Mohammed Al-Khusaibi |editor2=Nasser Al-Habsi |editor3=Mohammad Shafiur Rahman |page=132 |access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bitmesra.ac.in/naps/barak/|title=The Beckoning Beauty of Barak|website=[[Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra|BIT MESRAr]]|date=21 December 2017|access-date=28 April 2020|archivedate=5 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705202457/https://bitmesra.ac.in/naps/barak/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/living-and-lifestyle/food-thought-understanding-bangladeshi-cuisine-1366084|title=Food for thought: Understanding Bangladeshi cuisine|website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] |date=February 24, 2017|access-date=29 April 2020}}</ref> চুঙা পিঠা অসমীয়া সমাজৰ [[মাঘ বিহু]]ৰ জলপানৰ অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xobdo.org/dic/Sunga%20Pitha |title=Sunga Pitha |website=[[xobdo.org]] |access-date=22 March 2020 |archivedate=22 March 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322133556/http://www.xobdo.org/dic/Sunga%2520Pitha |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/sunga-pitha.html |title=Sunga Pitha |website=[[Alamy]] |access-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> ==প্ৰয়োজনীয় সামগ্ৰী== * বাঁহৰ চুঙা * [[বৰা চাউল]] * [[গাখীৰ]] * গুড় বা চেনি * পিঠাগুড়ি * নাৰিকল ==প্ৰস্তুতকৰণ== প্ৰথমে বৰা চাউলৰ গুড়িখিনি কিছুসময় পানীত তিয়াই ৰখা হয়। ইয়াৰ লগে লগে গাঁঠি থকা কেইটামান বাঁহ কাটি ভালকৈ ধুই চুঙা বনাই লোৱা হয়। তাৰপিছত চাউলৰ গুড়িখিনি গুৰ মিশ্ৰিত পানী বা গাখীৰৰ সৈতে মিহলি কৰি লোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ লগতে প্ৰয়োজন অনুসৰি নাৰিকলৰ গুৰি মিহলি কৰা হয়। এতিয়া চাউলৰ গুড়িখিনি চুঙাকেইটাৰ আধালৈকে পূৰ কৰি চুঙাকেইটাৰ মুখখন কলপাতেৰে ভালকৈ বান্ধি দিয়া হয় যাতে চাউল আৰু গুৰৰ মিশ্ৰণখিনি নাযায়। চুঙা পিঠা বনাবলৈ প্ৰায় এঘণ্টা সময় লাগে আৰু কম জুইৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয়। প্ৰথমে চাউলভৰ্তি চুঙাকেইটাৰ তলৰ ভাগটো পুৰিব লাগে। তাৰপিছত তলৰ ভাগটো পুৰা হ’লে চুঙাকেইটা ওলোটা কৰি ওপৰৰ ভাগটো তলত কৰি দিব লাগে। বাহিৰৰ ফালে বাঁহৰ ৰং ক’লা হ'লে চুঙাকেইটা জুইৰ পৰা আতঁৰাই আনিব লাগে। এতিয়া কিছুসময় চুঙাকেইটা তেনেকৈয়ে থৈ দিয়াৰ পাছত দাৰ সহায়েৰে অতি সাৱধানতাৰে চুঙাকেইটা ফালি পিঠাখিনি উলিয়াব লাগে। এই পিঠাখিনি গুৰ আৰু দৈৰ সৈতে পৰিবেশন কৰা হয়। ঠাই ভেদে চুঙা পিঠা প্ৰস্তুতকৰণৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়া বেলেগ আৰু সামগ্ৰীৰো তাৰতম্য দেখা যায়। ==তথ্য উৎস== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বিহু]] kw4amrt0l7kknmhvu2k7x4821rddwh2 0 60663 646173 389300 2026-10-20T02:21:16Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{distinguish|চুঙা পিঠা}} {{Infobox food | name = চুঙা চাউল | image = চুঙা চাউল.jpg | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = চুঙাৰ পৰা উলিয়াই পৰিবেশন কৰা চুঙা চাউল | alternate_name = | type = | course = [[অসমীয়া জলপান|জলপান]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/food/magh-bihu-2020-special-sweets-laru-pitha-doi-sira-enjoy-these-assamese-traditional-dessert-recipes-on-bhogali-bihu-1467535.html |title=Magh Bihu 2020 Special Sweets: Laru, Pitha, Doi-Sira, Enjoy These Assamese Traditional Dessert Recipes on Bhogali Bihu |website=latestly.com |date=14 January 2020 |access-date=22 March 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322135443/https://www.latestly.com/lifestyle/food/magh-bihu-2020-special-sweets-laru-pitha-doi-sira-enjoy-these-assamese-traditional-dessert-recipes-on-bhogali-bihu-1467535.html |archivedate=22 March 2020 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> আৰু দিবা-নৈশ অহাৰ | country = [[কম্বোডিয়া]], [[লাওচ]], [[ম্যানমাৰ]], [[থাইলেণ্ড]], [[ভাৰত]] | region = দক্ষিণ-পূব [[এছিয়া]] | national_cuisine = বাৰ্মীয়, কম্বোডিয়ান, লাও, থাই | creator = <!-- or | creators = --> | year = | mintime = | maxtime = | served = চেঁচা বা গৰম | main_ingredient = [[বৰা চাউল]] আৰু [[বাঁহ]]ৰ চুঙা | minor_ingredient = | variations = | serving_size = 100 g | calories = | calories_ref = | protein = | fat = | carbohydrate = | glycemic_index = | similar_dish = | cookbook = | other = }} '''চুঙা চাউল''' তিয়াই লোৱা [[বৰা চাউল]] কুমলীয়া [[বাঁহ]]ৰ চুঙাত ভৰাই চুঙাটো জুইত পুৰি তৈয়াৰ কৰা এবিধ আহাৰ। জুইত সেকি লেৰেলাইলোৱা কলপাতেৰে চুঙাটোত সোপা দি লোৱা হয়। চুঙাটোৰ ভিতৰৰ চাউলখিনি ভাপত সিজি খোৱাৰ উপযোগী হয়। <ref>{{cite web |url=http://xobdo.org/dic/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE%20%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2|title=চুঙা চাউল|website=xobdo.org |date= |access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> চুঙা চাউল ঘাইকৈ দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ [[কম্বোডিয়া]], [[লাওচ]], [[ম্যানমাৰ]], [[থাইলেণ্ড]]ৰ লগতে [[ভাৰত]]ৰ উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলত সাধাৰণতে উৎসৱ পাৰ্বন আদি অনুষ্ঠানত খোৱা হয়। ই [[অসমীয়া জলপান]]ৰ অন্যতম খাদ্য। অসমত চুঙা চাউল ঘাইকৈ [[বিহু]]ৰ সময়ত গাখীৰ, দৈ বা ক্ৰিমৰ লগত গুড়ৰ সৈতে জলপান হিচাবে পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰে অথবা দুপৰীয়া মাছ-মাংসৰ সৈতে [[ভাত]] সলনি এই চাউল খোৱা হয়। চুঙাত চাউলৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা বাবে প্ৰস্তুত হোৱাৰ পিছত ই দেখাত চুঙাৰ দৰেই হয়, সেয়ে ইয়াক চুঙা চাউল বোলা হয়। ==প্ৰয়োজনীয় সামগ্ৰী== * বাঁহৰ চুঙা * [[বৰা চাউল]] * কলপাত ==প্ৰস্তুতকৰণ== [[File:চুঙা চাউলৰ সৈতে কুকুৰাৰ মাংস.jpg|thumb|চুঙা চাউলৰ সৈতে কুকুৰাৰ মাংস]] বৰা চাউলখিনি ভালদৰে ধুই লৈ ৪/৫ ঘণ্টা পানীত তিয়াই থব লাগে। পিছত চাউলখিনি পানীৰ পৰা ভালদৰে টুকি লৈ সমান জোখত কাটি থোৱা বাঁহৰ চুঙাৰ ভিতৰত ভৰাব লাগে। তাত নিৰ্দিষ্ট পৰিমাণৰ পানী দি চুঙাটোৰ মুখখন কলপাত বা তৰা পাতেৰে ভালদৰে সোপা দি বান্ধিব লাগে যাতে চাউল আৰু পানী ওলাই আহিব নোৱাৰে। তাৰপাছত ধান খেৰৰ বা নাৰিকল পাতৰ জুইত দি ইলুটি সিলুটিকৈ লৰাই ভালদৰে পুৰিব লাগে। প্ৰথমে চাউলভৰ্তি চুঙাকেইটাৰ তলৰ ভাগটো পুৰিব লাগে। তাৰপিছত তলৰ ভাগটো পুৰা হ’লে চুঙাকেইটা ওলোটা কৰি ওপৰৰ ভাগটো তলত কৰি দিব লাগে। বাহিৰৰ ফালে বাঁহৰ ৰং ক’লা হ'লে চুঙাকেইটা জুইৰ পৰা আতঁৰাই আনিব লাগে। এতিয়া কিছুসময় চুঙাকেইটা তেনেকৈয়ে থৈ দিয়াৰ পাছত দাৰ সহায়েৰে অতি সাৱধানতাৰে চুঙাকেইটা ফালি চাউলখিনি উলিয়াব লাগে। এই চাউল [[গাখীৰ]], দৈ বা ক্ৰিমৰ লগত গুড়ৰ সৈতে জলপান হিচাবে পৰিবেশন কৰিব পাৰে অথবা হাঁহৰ মাংসৰ সৈতেও খোৱা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|first=বন্দনা ডি.|last=মজুমদাৰ|title=বাঁহৰ চুঙাত পোৰা বড়া চাউলৰ জলপান|url=http://www.xahitya.org/2015/01/14/বাঁহৰ-চুঙাত-পোৰা-বড়া-চাউল/|date=25 January 2015|access-date=27 May 2020}}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ঠাই ভেদে চুঙা চাউলৰ প্ৰস্তুতকৰণৰ বিধি আৰু সামগ্ৰীৰ তাৰতম্য দেখা যায়। কিছুমানে চাউলৰ লগত বিভিন্ন মচলা আদি দিয়ে। লগতে খৰিচা বা আন শুকান মাংস আদিও দিয়ে। কিছুমানে আকৌ পানীৰ সলনি গাখীৰ আৰু গুৰ দি মিঠাকৈ প্ৰস্তুত কৰে। ইয়াৰ লগতে নাৰিকলো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |first=|last=|title=অসমীয়া জলপান|url=https://as.vikaspedia.in/education/9859b89ae9f0-9b89829b89cd9959c39a49bf/9859b89ae9c09af9bc9be-9969be9a69cd9af-9b89ae9cd9ad9be9f0/9859b89ae9c09be-99c9b29aa9be9a8|date=|access-date=27 May 2020}}</ref> ==প্ৰকাৰ== ===[[কম্বোডিয়া]]=== কম্বোডিয়াত চুঙা চাউলক ক্ৰালান বোলে। ক্ৰালান ঘাইকৈ চীনা নৱবৰ্ষ আৰু খামেৰ নৱবৰ্ষৰ সময়ত খোৱা হয়। ক্ৰাটি প্ৰদেশৰ ক্ৰায়ে গাঁও ক্ৰালানৰ বাবে বিখ্যাত।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.camnet.com.kh/cambodia.daily/selected_features/cake.htm|title=Let Them Eat Cake|last=Nhem|first=Chea Bunly|date=May 22–23, 2004|publisher=The Cambodia Daily|accessdate=2009-01-11|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070829090238/http://www.camnet.com.kh/cambodia.daily/selected_features/cake.htm|archivedate=2007-08-29}}</ref> ===[[ম্যানমাৰ]]=== [[File:Paung din meal.jpg|thumb| ম্যানমাৰত সচৰাচৰ পুৱাৰ জলপানত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা "পায়ুং দিন" আৰু বাৰ্মীয় বৰা]] ম্যানমাৰৰ চুঙা চাউলৰ প্ৰকাৰক "পায়ুং দিন" ({{my|ပေါင်းတင်း}}) বা "কাউখন্যিন খ্যিডাউক" ({{my|ကောင်းညှင်းကျည်တောက်}}) বোলে। এই প্ৰকাৰত চুঙাৰ পৰা চাউলখিনি উলিওৱাৰ পিছত চাউলৰ চাৰিওফালে বাঁহৰ চুঙাৰ বাকলি লাগি থাকে। এই বাকলিয়ে ইয়াক বিশেষ গোন্ধ প্ৰদান কৰে। ===[[থাইলেণ্ড]]=== [[File:Khao lam87.jpg|thumb|নাৰিকল জামৰ সৈতে "খাও লাম"]] থাইলেণ্ডৰ চুঙা চাউলক "খাও লাম" বোলে। খাও লামত বৰা চাউলৰ লগতে ৰঙা আজুকী বীন, চেনি, নাৰিকল আৰু নাৰিকলৰ গাখীৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। কেতিয়াবা ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত ডাঠ নাৰিকলৰ জাম সুমুৱাই দিয়া হয়। নাৰিকলৰ ক্ৰীম, কণী আৰু চেনিৰে এই জাম প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। ই থাইলেণ্ডৰ সংস্কৃতিক খাদ্য।<ref>{{cite web |title= "ข้าวหลามปลาร้า" แซบสไตล์อีสาน สูตรเด็ดแม่แอ๊ด โอทอปนครปฐม |url= http://www.manager.co.th/iBizchannel/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9550000093558 |publisher= ASTV ผู้จัดการออนไลน์ |accessdate= 2015-05-17 |archivedate= 2015-05-18 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150518101301/http://www.manager.co.th/iBizchannel/ViewNews.aspx?NewsID=9550000093558 |deadurl= yes }}</ref> থাই সকলে এই খাদ্য সাধাৰণতে মঠত বাস কৰা বৌদ্ধ ভিক্ষু সকলক প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title= ข้าวหลาม อาหารจากภูมิปัญญาไทย |url= http://www.stou.ac.th/study/sumrit/12-57(500)/page6-12-57(500).html |publisher= Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University |accessdate= 2015-05-17 |archivedate= 2015-09-24 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110736/http://www.stou.ac.th/study/sumrit/12-57(500)/page6-12-57(500).html |deadurl= yes }}</ref> ==তথ্য উৎস== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ খাদ্য]] 31rveab6p7u8s2bgjy62zasspgksck6 0 67007 646179 621604 2026-10-20T03:06:28Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ছাই পল্লৱী | image = Sai Pallavi at Mca-pre-release-event.jpg | caption = ২০১৭ চনত পল্লৱী | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = ছাই পল্লৱী ছেন্থামাৰাই | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|5|9|df=yes}}<ref name="birthday">{{cite web | url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7367695/ | title=Sai Pallavi | accessdate=13 February 2021}}</ref> | birth_place = ক'থাগিৰী, [[তামিলনাডু]], [[ভাৰত]] | alma_mater = বিলিছি ৰাজ্যিক চিকিৎসা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, জৰ্জিয়া | occupation = {{hlist|অভিনেত্ৰী|নৃত্যশিল্পী}} }} '''ছাই পল্লৱী ছেন্থামাৰাই''' ({{lang-en|Sai Pallavi Senthamarai}}; জন্ম: ৯ মে' ১৯৯২) হৈছে এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু নৃত্যশিল্পী। তেখেতে [[তেলুগু ভাষা|তেলুগু]], [[তামিল ভাষা|তামিল]], আৰু [[মালয়ালম ভাষা|মালয়ালম]] ভাষাৰ ছবিত অভিনয় কৰিছে। "প্ৰেমম" আৰু "ফিডা" নামৰ ছবিত আগবঢ়োৱা প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ বাবে তেখেতে বহুকেইটা বঁটা লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছে। তাৰে ভিতৰত দুটা [[ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা]]-দাক্ষিণাত্যও আছে। ২০১৫ চনত মুক্তিলাভ কৰা মালায়ালাম ভাষাৰ ছবি "[[প্ৰেমম]]"ৰ মালাৰ চৰিত্ৰটোৰ জৰিয়তে ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে দৰ্শকৰ দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰে।<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/365-days-premam-why-nivin-pauly-starrer-so-special-even-after-one-year-release-680649|title=365 days of 'Premam': Why is Nivin Pauly-starrer so special even after one year of release?|last=James|first=Anu|date=30 May 2016|work=International Business Times, India Edition|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০১৬ চনত মুক্তিলাভ কৰা "কালী" ছবিত তেখেতে ডুলকুয়েৰ ছলমানৰ বিপৰীতে অভিনয় কৰে।<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/fidaa-movie-review-sekhar-kammula-sai-pallavi-star-rating-4760855/|title=Fidaa movie review: Sai Pallavi is the heart and soul of this film|date=21 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত মুক্তি লভা তেলুগু ভাষাৰ ছবি "ফিডা"ৰ জৰিয়তে তেখেতে তেলুগু ছবিত পদাৰ্পণ কৰে। ছাই পল্লৱীৰ প্ৰথমখন তামিল ভাষাৰ ছবি আছিল ২০১৮ চনত মুক্তি লাভ কৰা "দিয়া"। ছবিখনৰ পৰিচালকা আছিল বিজয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sai-pallavis-long-delayed-diya-which-marks-her-tamil-debut-finally-gets-release-date-80109|title=Sai Pallavi's long delayed 'Diya', which marks her Tamil debut, finally gets release date|last=Staff Reporter|date=24 April 2018|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref> ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে ২০১৬ চনত জৰ্জিয়াৰ ''বিলিছি ষ্টেট মেডিকেল ইউনিভাৰ্ছিটি''ৰ পৰা এম.বি.বি.এছ. ডিগ্ৰী অৰ্জন কৰে।<ref name="Doctor">{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/heart-of-the-matter/article19502829.ece | title=Like to become a cardiologist someday: Sai Pallavi | publisher=The Hindu | accessdate=13 February 2021}}</ref><ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/its-dr-sai-pallavi-now/articleshow/52362168.cms</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== ছাই পল্লৱীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল নিলগিৰিছ জিলাৰ কোটাগিৰীত।<ref name="home">{{cite news|last1=Deepika|first1=Jayaram|title=Sai Pallavi enjoys her breaktime at her hometown|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Sai-Pallavi-enjoys-her-breaktime-at-her-hometown/articleshow/52747221.cms|access-date=25 August 2016|work=[[IB Times]]|date=14 June 2016}}</ref> তেখেতৰ পিতৃ আছিল ছেন্থামাৰাই কানান আৰু মাতৃ আছিল ৰাধা। তেখেতৰ কনিষ্ঠ ভগ্নী হৈছে পূজা। তেখেতেও অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে কাম কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Sai-Pallavis-sister-Pooja-to-make-her-acting-debut/articleshow/55116853.cms|title=Sai Pallavi's sister, Pooja to make her acting debut sampath is – Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=29 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=BehindwoodsTV|title=Sai Pallavi in Kiss Me, Hug Me & Slap Me Game {{!}} KHS|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=stI65gCgOs0|access-date=25 December 2018}}</ref> ছাই পল্লৱী কোয়ম্বাটুৰত লালিত-পালিত আৰু শিক্ষিত হৈছে। কোয়ম্বাটুৰৰ এভিলা কনভেণ্ট স্কুলৰ পৰা পল্লৱীয়ে প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ২০১৬ চনত তেখেতে জৰ্জিয়াৰ বিলিছি ষ্টেট মেডিকেল ইউনিভাৰ্ছিটিৰ পৰা চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ ডিগ্ৰী অৰ্জন কৰে। অৱশ্যে ভাৰতীয় চিকিৎসা সংস্থাৰ দ্বাৰা উক্ত প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটো স্বীকৃতিপ্ৰাপ্ত হোৱাৰ সত্ত্বেও ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে নিজাববীয়াকৈ এতিয়ালৈকে কোনোধৰণৰ চিকিৎসা-বৃত্তি আৰম্ভ কৰা নাই।<ref name="Medical degree">{{cite news|last1=Jayaram|first1=Deepika|title=It's Dr Sai Pallavi now! But haven't passed the qualification test in India.|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Its-Dr-Sai-Pallavi-now/articleshow/52362168.cms|access-date=16 August 2017|publisher=Times of India|date=24 January 2017}}</ref>২০২০ চনত ৩১ আগষ্টত, ত্ৰিছিত তেখেত ''Foreign Medical Graduate Examination,FMGE)ত অৱতীৰ্ণ হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|last=World|first=Republic|date=2 September 2020|title=Sai Pallavi arrives in Trichy for an examination|url=https://m.republicworld.com/entertainment-news/regional-indian-cinema/sai-pallavi-arrives-in-trichy-for-an-examination-fans-asks-for-selfies.html|access-date=2020-09-03|website=Republic World|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> শৰীৰৰ ছাল উজ্জীৱিতকৰণৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োগ কৰিব পৰা এটা ক্ৰিমৰ দুই কোটিটকীয়া বিজ্ঞাপনৰ চুক্তি পল্লৱীয়ে নাকচ কৰে। তেখেতে এনেজাতীয় বস্তুত বিশ্বাসী নহয় বুলি মতপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/sai-pallavi-opens-up-on-rejecting-rs-275-crore-fairness-cream-deal/427336 | title=Sai Pallavi reveals why he rejected Rs 2 crore fairness cream endorsement deal &#124; Entertainment News}}</ref> ==নৃত্য জীৱন== বিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়তে ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে কেবাটাও নৃত্যানুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰি জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰিছিল। নৃত্যৰ প্ৰতি থকা এই অনুৰাগক বিশেষভাৱে সমৰ্থন আগবঢ়াইছিল মাতৃয়ে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে নৃত্যৰ এটা ৰিয়েলিটি অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। ইটিভি যোগে সম্প্ৰচাৰিত হোৱা আন এটা ৰিয়েলিটি শ্ব'ত (২০০৯ চনত) তেখেত ফাইনেলিষ্ট হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/telugu-actor-samantha-ruth-prabhu-is-fidaa-over-premam-girl-sai-pallavi/story-u9kCnwBHsnSl4YLJC0vCvO.html|title=Telugu actor Samantha Ruth Prabhu is 'Fidaa' over Premam girl Sai Pallavi|date=31 July 2017|website=www.hindustantimes.com|language=en|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref> ==ছবিৰ জগতত== ২০০৩ আৰু ২০০৮ চনত মুক্তি লাভ কৰা "কস্তুৰীমান" আৰু "ধমা ধুম"ত এগৰাকী শিশু অভিনেত্ৰীৰ ৰূপত ছাই পল্লৱী অৱতীৰ্ণ হয়।<ref name="role">{{cite news|last1=Anu|first1=James|title='Premam' is not Sai Pallavi's debut film [VIDEO]|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/premam-not-sai-pallavis-debut-film-video-656197|access-date=25 August 2016|work=[[IB Times]]|date=23 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="watch">{{cite news|title=If you are a 'Malar' fan, this short film starring Sai Pallavi is a must-watch...|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/sai-pallavi-short-film-kaatchi-pizhai.html|access-date=25 August 2016|work=Manoramaonline.com|publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=7 April 2016}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান পঢ়ি থকাৰ সময়ত, ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে এলফন্সে পুথাৰেনৰ পৰা "প্ৰেমম" ছবিৰ বাবে এটি প্ৰস্তাৱ লাভ কৰে। চৰিত্ৰটো আছিল মালাৰ। পল্লৱীয়ে শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ বন্ধৰ সময়ত ছবিখনৰ শ্বুটিং শেষ কৰে আৰু পুনৰ জৰ্জিয়ালৈ ৰাওনা হয়।<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://regional.pinkvilla.com/telugu/news/malar-premam-bhanumati-fidaa-sai-pallavi-winning-hearts/|title=From Malar in Premam to Bhanumati in Fidaa, Sai Pallavi is winning hearts all over – Pinkvilla South|work=Pinkvilla South|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en-US|archivedate=4 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604152514/https://regional.pinkvilla.com/telugu/news/malar-premam-bhanumati-fidaa-sai-pallavi-winning-hearts/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ছবিখনত আগবঢ়োৱা উৎকৃষ্ট প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ বাবে ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নৱাগত অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বঁটা লা কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://desiscreenplay.com/en/actress-sai-pallavi-2/|title=Facts about actress Sai Pallavi|last=Sharma|first=Sanjay|date=14 December 2018|website=Desiscreenplay|language=en-US|access-date=16 December 2018|archivedate=16 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216163437/https://desiscreenplay.com/en/actress-sai-pallavi-2/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ শেষৰফালে "কালি" নামৰ ছবিখনত কাম কৰিবলৈ ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে পুনৰ অধ্যয়নৰ পৰা এমহীয়া বিৰতি লৈ আহে। ছবিখনে ২০১৬ চনৰ মাৰ্চত মুক্তি হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/interview/sai-pallavi-as-malar-nivin-pauly-starrer-alphonse-puthren-movie-premam.html |title=I am like Malar: Sai Pallavi|first=CJ |last=Sudhi |work=Manoramaonline.com|publisher=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=6 June 2015|access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/actress-sai-pallavi-on-premam/article7805886.ece|title=Actress Sai Pallavi on Premam|last=Rao|first=Subha J.|date=26 October 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=16 March 2016}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sify.com/movies/sai-pallavi-opposite-maddy-in-charlie-remake-news-tamil-rbtkDoibdbihj.html Sai Pallavi opposite Maddy in 'Charlie' remake! ]. Siffy (19 January 2017)</ref> খঙাল গিৰিয়েকৰ উচ্চবাচ্য সহন কৰিবলগীয়া হোৱা অঞ্জলি নামৰ এগৰাকী গাভৰু পত্নীৰ ৰূপত তেখেতে এই ছবিখনত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেখেতে "মালায়ালাম ভাষাৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী"ৰ মনোনয়ন লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.desimartini.com/reviews/megna-santhosh-kali/rd35154md4635.htm|title=A raging Battle with Anger - Desimartini.com|last=Santhosh|first=Megna|work=Desimartini|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en|archivedate=30 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730013206/http://www.desimartini.com/reviews/megna-santhosh-kali/rd35154md4635.htm|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2016/kali-movie-review-dulquer-salmaan-sai-pallavi-nails-it-220510.html|title=Kali Movie Review: Dulquer Salmaan & Sai Pallavi Nail It!|date=26 March 2016|work=filmibeat.com|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত মুক্তি লাভ কৰে "ফিডা। " শেখৰ কামাল্লুৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত এইখন আছিল পল্লৱীয়ে অভিনয় কৰা প্ৰথমখন তেলুগু ভাষাৰ ছবি।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/make-way-for-sai-pallavi-telugu-news-190899.html|title=IndiaGlitz – Make way for Sai Pallavi – Telugu Movie News|access-date=24 July 2017|archivedate=16 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616072131/https://www.indiaglitz.com/make-way-for-sai-pallavi-telugu-news-190899.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/fidaa-actor-sai-pallavi-the-girl-who-stole-hearts-with-premam-is-now-back-on-the-silver-screen-4760472/|title=Fidaa actor Sai Pallavi: The girl, who stole hearts with Premam, is now back on the silver screen|date=21 July 2017|work=The Indian Express|access-date=24 July 2017|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1"/> ২০১৮ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰি মাহৰ পৰা ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে "পাড়ি পাড়ি লেচে মানাসু"ৰ দৃশ্যগ্ৰহণৰ লগত জড়িত হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2018/dec/10/sai-pallavi-battles-memory-loss-in--padi-padi-leche-manasu-9154.html|title=Sai Pallavi battles memory loss in Padi Padi Leche Manasu|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/padi-padi-leche-manasu-trailer-sharwanand-and-sai-pallavis-chemistry-hits-the-bulls-eye/articleshow/67089741.cms|title='Padi Padi Leche Manasu' Trailer: Sharwanand and Sai Pallavi's chemistry hits the bull's eye – Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref> ছবিখনে বক্স অফিচত বিশেষ সলফতা লাভ কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে। ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত একাংশ বাতৰি-পত্ৰিকাই কয় যে, ছবিখনৰ ব্যৰ্থতাপূৰ্ণ পৰিণতিৰ বাবে ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে পৰিচালকৰ প্ৰতি সহানুভূতি দেখুৱায় আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ পৰা প্ৰাপ্য পাৰিশ্ৰমিক ল'বলৈ অমান্তি হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/sai-pallavi-refuses-to-accept-remuneration-for-padi-padi-leche-manasu-and-this-is-the-reason/|title=Sai Pallavi refuses to accept remuneration for Padi Padi Leche Manasu and THIS is the reason - Bollywoodlife.com|date=9 January 2019|website=www.bollywoodlife.com|language=en-EN|access-date=11 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112044230/https://www.bollywoodlife.com/south-gossip/sai-pallavi-refuses-to-accept-remuneration-for-padi-padi-leche-manasu-and-this-is-the-reason/|archivedate=12 January 2019|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/sai-pallavi-refuses-to-take-balance-salary-for-padi-padi-leche-manasu--tamil-news-227170|title=Sai Pallavi lauded for her lovely gesture! – Tamil Movie News|date=8 January 2019|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=11 January 2019|archivedate=20 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920053140/https://www.indiaglitz.com/sai-pallavi-refuses-to-take-balance-salary-for-padi-padi-leche-manasu--tamil-news-227170|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনত ছাই পল্লৱীয়ে মনোবৈজ্ঞানিক থ্ৰিলাৰ ছবি "অথিৰেন"ত এগৰাকী প্ৰতিবন্ধী যুৱতীৰ ভূমিকা ৰূপায়ণ কৰে। ২০২০ চনত "ফৰ্বছ" আলোচনীয়ে ছাই পল্লৱীক "ত্ৰিশ বছৰ অনুৰ্ধ ত্ৰিশগৰাকী ভাৰতীয়"ৰ তালিকাভুক্ত কৰে। ছবিজগতৰ পৰা স্থান লাভ কৰা তেখেতেই হৈছে একমাত্ৰ অভিনেত্ৰী।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Forbes India 30 Under 30 2020|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/30-under-30-2020/1829/all|website=Forbes India|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> [[File:Sai Pallavi at Maari2 Press meet.png|thumb|<center>মাৰী ২ ছবিৰ সংবাদমেলৰ মুহূৰ্তত ছাই পল্লৱী</center>]] ==বঁটা-বাহন== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! বৰ্ষ ! বঁটা ! শ্ৰেণী ! ছবি ! class="unsortable"| ফলাফল ! class="unsortable"| তথ্যসূত্ৰ |- | rowspan="1"| ০১৫ | এছিয়াভিছন বঁটা | নতুন আলোড়নকাৰী অভিনেত্ৰী | rowspan="6"| প্ৰেমম | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/asiavision-movie-awards-2015-ennu-ninte-moideen-pathemari-premam-win-maximum-awards-655399|title=Asiavision movie awards 2015|website=International Business Times|date=18 November 2015|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5"| ২০১৬ | এছিয়ানেট ছবি বঁটা | বিচাৰকৰ বিশেষ বঁটা | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/18th-asianet-film-awards-vikram-trisha-prithviraj-mohanlal-nivin-pauly-bag-awards-full-666090|title=18th Asianet Film Awards|website=International Business Times|date=18 February 2016|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | ৬২সংখ্যক ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা-দাক্ষিণাত্য | মালায়ালাম ভাষাৰ ছবিৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নৱাগতা | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-63rd-britannia-filmfare-awards-south-13996.html|title=Winners of the 63rd Britannia Filmfare Awards (South)|website=Filmfare|date=18 June 2016|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | পঞ্চম দক্ষিণ ভাৰতীয় আন্তৰ্জাইক ছবি বঁটা | মালায়ালাম ভাষাৰ ছবিৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নৱাগতা | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2016-live-updates-winners-list-photos-684968|title=SIIMA Awards 2016 Winners' list|website=International Business Times|date=2 July 2016|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | ৱনিতা ছবি বঁটা | শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নৱাগতা | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/vanitha-film-awards-2016-prithviraj-best-actor-parvathy-bags-best-actress-award-full-winners-667201|title=Vanitha Film Awards 2016|website=International Business Times|date=16 February 2016|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | চিএনএন-আইবিএন ছবি বঁটা | শ্ৰেষ্ঠ দাক্ষিণাত্যৰ অভিষেক | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/sai-pallavi-premam-fame-wins-ibnlive-best-southern-debut-2015-award-669858|title=Sai Pallavi of 'Premam' fame wins IBNLive Best Southern Debut 2015 award|website=International Business Times|date=8 March 2016|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5"| ২০১৭ | এছিয়ানেট ছবি বঁটা | সবাতোকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় অভিনেত্ৰী | rowspan="5"|কালি | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/19th-asianet-film-awards-was-it-pulimurugans-success-meet-nivin-pauly-gets-trolled-netizens-715835|title=19th Asianet Film Awards|website=International Business Times|date=13 February 2017|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | ৬৪সংখ্যক ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা-দাক্ষিণাত্য | শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী-মলায়ালাম | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21257.html|title=Nominations for the 64th Jio Filmfare Awards (South)|website=Filmfare|date=8 June 2017|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | ষষ্ঠ SIIMA বঁটা | শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী-মালয়ালম | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2017-nominations-malayalam-maheshinte-prathikaram-leads-check-date-venue-ticket-728836|title=SIIMA Awards 2017 Malayalam Nominations|website=International Business Times|date=31 May 2017|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | বিহাইণ্ড উডছ সোণৰ পদক | শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী - মালয়ালম | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/complete-list-of-award-winners-in-behindwoods-gold-medals-2017.html|title=BEHINDWOODS GOLD MEDALS 2017: FULL WINNERS LIST|website=Behindwoods|date=13 June 2017|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | চিপিচি চিনে বঁটা | শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী | {{won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/cinema-paradiso-club-vinayakan-maheshinte-prathikaaram.html|title=CPC cine awards 2016|website=Malayala Manorama|date=10 February 2017|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2"| ২০১৮ | ৬৫সংখ্যক ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা-দাক্ষিণাত্য | তেলুগু ভাষাৰ ছবিৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী | rowspan="2"| ফিডা | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018/articleshow/64617904.cms|title=Winners: 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018|website=The Times of India|date=17 June 2018|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | সপ্তম SIIMA বঁটা | তেলুগু ভাষাৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2018-telugu-kannada-nomination-list-out-date-place-7th-edition-revealed-777016|title=SIIMA Awards 2018 - Telugu, Kannada nomination list out|website=International Business Times|date=5 August 2018|access-date=26 April 2020}}</ref> |- | rowspan=2 |২০১৯ | বিহাইণ্ড উডছ সোণৰ পদক | সমালোচকৰ নিৰ্বাচিত শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ বঁটা-মালয়ালম | অথিৰন | {{Won}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/slideshow/winners-of-7th-behindwoods-gold-medals/shane-nigam-behindwoods-gold-medal-winner-2019.html|title=7th BEHINDWOODS GOLD MEDALS 2019 - WINNERS!|website=Behindwoods|date=8 December 2019|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref> |- | ৬৬ সংখ্যক ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা-দাক্ষিণাত্য | শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী-তামিল | মাৰী ২ | {{Nom}} | style="text-align:center; "|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html|title=Nominations for the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019|website=[[Filmfare]]|date=10 Dec 2019|access-date=9 May 2020}}</ref> |- |} == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{ৰেফলিষ্ট|30em}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{Twitter|id=@Sai_Pallavi92|name=ছাই পল্লৱী}} * {{IMDb name|id=7367695|title=Sai Pallavi}} [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা দক্ষিণ বিজয়ী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দক্ষিণ ভাৰতীয় আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ বঁটা বিজয়ী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:তামিলনাডুৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মালয়ালম চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:তামিল চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:তেলেগু চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] nwz4b6agimv57at5mzgr8kkyw3xgppk 0 74078 646112 380252 2026-10-19T19:28:00Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646112 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Maryam, an acid-attacked victim under treatment, Tehran - 28 April 2018 20.jpg|টেহৰানত চিকিৎসাধীন অৱস্থাত থকা এচিদ আক্ৰমণৰ বলি এগৰাকী ইৰানীয় মহিলা, ফটোগ্ৰহণ ২০১৮ |thumb|200px]] '''এচিড আক্ৰমণ''' ({{lang-en| Acid attack }}) হ’ল কোনো ব্যক্তিৰ শৰীৰলৈ লক্ষ্য কৰি এচিদ বা তেনে জাতীয় ক্ষতিকৰ দাহ্য তৰল নিক্ষেপ কৰা আৰু ই হৈছে এক প্ৰকাৰৰ হিংসাত্মক আক্ৰমণ; যাৰ উদ্যেশ্য শৰীৰৰ অংশবিশেষ, বিশেষকৈ মুখমণ্ডল বিকৃত কৰা বা হত্যা কৰা। <ref name=Karmakar>{{Cite book | last=Karmakar | first =R.N. | title=Forensic medicine and toxicology | publisher=Academic Publishers | location = Kolkata, India | edition = 3rd | year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XG84ff-WD2YC | isbn=9788190908146 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2011/11/afghan-sisters-hurt-acid-attack-rejected-proposal.html|title=World Now (blog) |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date = November 2011 |access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1992-03-19/news/gl-5793_1_father-and-son|title=Man who threw acid at woman blames 2 others|work=[[Los Angeles Times]] | date = 19 March 1992|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> <ref name=11a>{{cite book |last=CASC |title=Breaking the silence: addressing acid attacks in Cambodia |url=http://www.cambodianacidsurvivorscharity.org/docs/breaking_the_silence.pdf |publisher=Cambodian Acid Survivors Charity (CASC) |access-date=3 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219010314/http://www.cambodianacidsurvivorscharity.org/docs/breaking_the_silence.pdf |archive-date=19 December 2013 |df=dmy-all |date=May 2010 |archivedate=19 December 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219010314/http://www.cambodianacidsurvivorscharity.org/docs/breaking_the_silence.pdf }}</ref> এই আক্ৰমণৰ অপৰাধীসকলে ভুক্তভোগীসকলৰ ওপৰত ক্ষয়কাৰী তৰল নিক্ষেপ কৰি শৰীৰ জ্বলাই দিয়ে, ছালৰ কোষকলা ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত কৰে, প্ৰায়ে হাড়বোৰ উন্মুক্ত হয় আৰু কেতিয়াবা দ্ৰৱীভূতও হয়। এচিড আক্ৰমণৰ ফলত স্থায়ী অন্ধত্ব হ'ব পাৰে। <ref name=Swanson>{{cite journal | last = Swanson | first = Jordan | title = Acid attacks: Bangladesh's efforts to stop the violence | journal = Harvard Health Policy Review | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | page = 3 | publisher = Harvard Internfaculty Initiative in Health Policy | date = Spring 2002 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060117184047/http://hcs.harvard.edu/~epihc/currentissue/spring2002/swanson-3.php | archive-date = 2006-01-17 | url = http://hcs.harvard.edu/~epihc/currentissue/spring2002/swanson-3.php | access-date = 2018-10-01 | url-status = live | archivedate = 2006-01-17 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060117184047/http://hcs.harvard.edu/~epihc/currentissue/spring2002/swanson-3.php | deadurl = yes }}</ref> এই আক্ৰমণবোৰত সচৰাচৰ আটাইতকৈ ব্যৱহৃত এচিড হৈছে [[ছালফিউৰিক এচিদ|ছালফিউৰিক]] আৰু [[নাইট্ৰিক এচিড]]। [[হাইড্ৰক্ল'ৰিক এচিড]] কেতিয়াবা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, কিন্তু ই যথেষ্ট কম ক্ষতিকাৰক।<ref name="13a">{{cite journal |last=Welsh |first=Jane |title="It was like burning in hell": A comprehensive exploration of acid attack violence |journal=Carolina Papers on International Health |volume=32 |publisher=Center for Global Initiatives, [[University of North Carolina]] |access-date=3 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123191359/http://cgi.unc.edu/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf |url=http://cgi.unc.edu/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2013 |df=dmy-all |date=Fall 2006 |archivedate=23 January 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123191359/http://cgi.unc.edu/uploads/media_items/it-was-like-burning-in-hell-a-comparative-exploration-of-acid-attack-violence.original.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> বিশেষকৈ সেইবোৰ ঠাইত য'ত শক্তিশালী এচিড নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত বজাৰতহে পোৱা যায়, তাত শক্তিশালী ক্ষাৰীয় সামগ্ৰী, যেনে কষ্টিক চ’ডা (ছডিয়াম হাইড্ৰক্সাইড) আদিৰ জলীয় দ্ৰৱণ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-hampshire-29352141 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Woman jailed for caustic soda attack |date=24 September 2014 |access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/acid-attack-accused-is-refused-bail-20090716-dn0f.html |title=Acid attack accused is refused bail |last=Brown |first=Malcolm |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=17 July 2009 |access-date=11 October 2017}}</ref> এই আক্ৰমণবোৰৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী পৰিণামবোৰৰ ভিতৰত থাকিব পাৰে অন্ধত্ব, লগতে চকু জ্বলা-পোৰা কৰা, মুখ আৰু শৰীৰৰ গুৰুতৰ স্থায়ী দাগ,<ref name=Bandyopadhyay_Khan>{{cite book | last1 = Bandyopadhyay | first1 = Mridula | last2 = Rahman Khan | first2 = Mahmuda | chapter = Loss of face: violence against women in South Asia | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QfLbAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA61 | editor-last1 = Manderson | editor-first1 = Lenore | editor-last2 = Bennett | editor-first2 = Linda Rae | title = Violence against women in Asian societies | pages = 61–75 | publisher = Routledge | location = London New York | year = 2003 | isbn = 9781136875625 }}</ref><ref name=CNN>{{cite news |last=AP |author-link=Associated Press |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/south/11/11/bangladesh.acid.ap/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922210725/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/south/11/11/bangladesh.acid.ap/index.html |archive-date=22 September 2007 |title=Bangladesh combats an acid onslaught against women |work=[[CNN]] |date=12 November 2000 |access-date=13 March 2008 |archivedate=22 September 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922210725/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/ASIANOW/south/11/11/bangladesh.acid.ap/index.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name=Bahl_Syed>{{Cite book | last1 = Bahl | first1 = Taur | last2 = Syed | first2 = M. H. | title = Encyclopaedia of Muslim world | publisher = Anmol Publications | location = New Delhi | year = 2003 | isbn = 9788126114191}}</ref> লগতে সুদূৰপ্ৰসাৰী সামাজিক, মানসিক আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক অসুবিধা।<ref name=11a /> বৰ্তমান সময়ত পৃথিৱীৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তত এচিড আক্ৰমণৰ খবৰ পোৱা যায়, যদিও সাধাৰণতে এনেকুৱা ঘটনা বেছিকৈ সংঘটিত হয় উন্নয়নশীল দেশবোৰত। ১৯৯৯ চনৰ পৰা ২০১৩ চনলৈ মুঠ ৩,৫১২ জন [[বাংলাদেশ|বাংলাদেশী]] লোকক এচিডৰে আক্ৰমণ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book | last = UN Women | author-link = UN Women | title = Acid Attack Trend (1999–2013) | url = http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/Headquarters/Attachments/Sections/CSW/59/National_reviews/Bangladesh_annexes_Beijing20.pdf | publisher = [[UN Women]], United Nations | year = 2014 | access-date = 2021-09-04 | archivedate = 2020-01-26 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20200126114550/https://www.unwomen.org/en/page-not-found }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Taylor | first = L. M. | title = Saving face: acid attack laws after the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women |url=http://digitalcommons.law.uga.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1474&context=gjicl | journal = Ga. Journal Int'l & Comp. Law | volume = 29 | pages = 395–419 | date = 2000}}</ref> অপৰাধীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে কঠোৰ আইনী ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ আৰু এচিড বিক্ৰীৰ ওপৰত কৰা নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ বাবে ২০০২ চনৰ পৰা প্ৰতি বছৰে এনে ঘটনাৰ হাৰ ১৫-২০% হ্ৰাস পাইছে। [[ভাৰত]]ত এচিড আক্ৰমণ প্ৰতি বছৰে বৃদ্ধি হৈ আহিছে আৰু বছৰি ২৫০-৩০০টা ঘটনা সংঘটিত হয়। "এচিড চাৰ্ভাইভাৰ্ছ ট্ৰাষ্ট ইণ্টাৰনেচনেল"ৰ মতে প্ৰকৃত সংখ্যা ১০০০ অতিক্ৰম কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/07/27/acid-attacks-women-india-survivors-fight-back/486007001/|title=Acid attacks against women in India on the rise; survivors fight back|last=Dhar|first=Sujoy|website=USA TODAY|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-15}}</ref> ==আক্ৰমণৰ কাৰণ== আক্ৰমণকাৰীৰ উদ্দেশ্য প্ৰায়ে ভুক্তভোগীজনক হত্যা কৰাৰ সলনি অপমানিত কৰা। [[যুক্তৰাজ্য|ব্ৰিটেইন]]ত এনে আক্ৰমণ, বিশেষকৈ পুৰুষৰ বিৰুদ্ধে হোৱা আক্ৰমণৰ বিষয়ে কম কৈ অভিযোগ দাখিল কৰা হয় আৰু ইয়াৰ ফলস্বৰূপে এনে বহু ঘটনা চৰকাৰী পৰিসংখ্যাত প্ৰকাশ নাপায়।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Various |url=http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/womenandjustice/upload/Combating-Acid-Violence-Report.pdf |title=Combating acid violence in Bangladesh, India, and Cambodia |publisher=[[Cornell Law School#Institutes and Programs|Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School]], [[New York City Bar Association |location=New York |access-date=16 July 2017 |Committee on International Human Rights of the, New York City Bar Association]], [[Cornell Law School#Campus |Cornell Law School International Human Rights Clinic]] and the Virtue Foundation |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418002706/http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/womenandjustice/upload/Combating-Acid-Violence-Report.pdf |archivedate=18 April 2018 |access-date=4 September 2021}}</ref> অপৰাধীসকলে কৰা আক্ৰমণৰ সচৰাচৰ কিছুমান কাৰণৰ ভিতৰত আছে: *প্ৰেম আৰু যৌন প্ৰত্যাখ্যানৰ বাবে হোৱা ব্যক্তিগত বিবাদ<ref name="auto">{{cite journal|title=DEFINE_ME_WA|journal=The Lancet|volume=376|issue=9748|pages=1209–10| doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61863-6|pmid=20941859|year=2010|last1=Solberg|first1=Kristin|s2cid=34192666}}</ref> *যৌন সম্পৰ্কীয় ঈৰ্ষা আৰু কামনা<ref>{{cite web|url=http://themediaproject.org/article/acid-attack-injures-roman-catholic-priest-tanzania?page=full|title=Acid attack injures Catholic priest|work=The Media Project|access-date=20 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515014014/http://themediaproject.org/article/acid-attack-injures-roman-catholic-priest-tanzania?page=full|archive-date=15 May 2016|url-status=dead|archivedate=15 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515014014/http://themediaproject.org/article/acid-attack-injures-roman-catholic-priest-tanzania?page=full|deadurl=yes}}</ref> *যৌন সম্পৰ্ক কৰাত অমান্তি হোৱা, বিবাহৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ আৰু যৌতুকৰ দাবী অস্বীকাৰ কৰাৰ বাবে লোৱা প্ৰতিশোধ<ref name="Bandyopadhyay_Khan" /> *সামাজিক, ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু ধৰ্মীয় অনুপ্ৰেৰণা *দলবদ্ধ হিংসা আৰু প্ৰতিশোধ<ref>{{cite book | last = Various | title = Combating acid violence in Bangladesh, India, and Cambodia | url = http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/womenandjustice/upload/Combating-Acid-Violence-Report.pdf | publisher = [[Cornell Law School#Institutes and Programs|Avon Global Center for Women and Justice at Cornell Law School]], [[New York City Bar Association|Committee on International Human Rights of the, New York City Bar Association]], [[Cornell Law School#Campus|Cornell Law School International Human Rights Clinic]] and the Virtue Foundation | location = New York | access-date = 16 July 2017 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180418002706/http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/womenandjustice/upload/Combating-Acid-Violence-Report.pdf | archivedate = 18 April 2018}}</ref> *সংখ্যালঘু বিৰোধী বৈষম্য *ভূমিৰ মালিকীস্বত্ব, পোহনীয়া জন্তু, বাসস্থান আৰু সম্পত্তিৰ ওপৰত হোৱা বিবাদ<ref name=Bahl_Syed/> ==লৈংগিক অনুপাত== ভুক্তভোগী আৰু অপৰাধীসকলৰ লৈংগিক অনুপাতৰ সঠিক অনুমান কৰা কঠিন; কিয়নো বহুতো এচিড আক্ৰমণ ঘটনা নথিভুক্ত কৰা নহয়। উদাহৰণ স্বৰূপে ২০১০ চনত "দ্য লেঞ্চেট"-এ (The Lancet ) কৰা এক অধ্যয়নত বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল যে [[পাকিস্তান]]ত এচিড আক্ৰমণৰ ঘটনাৰ কোনো নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য পৰিসংখ্যা নাই। <ref name="kk">{{Cite web |date=4 January 2009 |title=Kuneva case – the most severe assault on trade unionist in Greece for 50 years |url=http://www.focus-fen.net/opinion/0000/00/00/1819/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519040830/http://www.focus-fen.net/opinion/0000/00/00/1819/ |archive-date=19 May 2014 |access-date=20 April 2016 |website=FOCUS Information Agency}}</ref> ২০০৭ চনৰ এক সমীক্ষাত যোৱা ৪০ বছৰত ১৩খন দেশত ২৪টা অধ্যয়ন বিশ্লেষণ কৰা হৈছিল, য'ত ৭৭১ টা ঘটনা সামৰি লোৱা হৈছিল। [15] [[লণ্ডন]] স্থিত দাতব্য সংস্থা "এচিড চাৰ্ভাইভাৰ্ছ ট্ৰাষ্ট ইণ্টাৰনেচনেল"ৰ মতে, ৮০% এচিড আক্ৰমণ মহিলাৰ ওপৰত হয়, আৰু এচিড আক্ৰমণৰ সংখ্যা যথেষ্ট কমকৈ দেখুওৱা হয়। কিছুমান অঞ্চলত, পুৰুষৰ দ্বাৰা মহিলা ভুক্তভোগীসকলৰ ওপৰত কৰা আক্ৰমণ প্ৰায়ে ''যদি মই তোমাক নাপাওঁ, আন কোনেও তোমাক পাব নোৱাৰে'' জাতীয় মানসিকতাৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত হয়। <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/848989/Acid-attack-woman-burns-face-blind-speak-Atsede-Nigussiem-Ethiopia|title=GRAPHIC WARNING: Horror as mother unable to speak as mouth MELTED SHUT in acid attack|first=Jon|last=Rogers|date=1 September 2017|website=Express.co.uk}}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:নাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে হিংসা]] 1ryveps3kz7sjrjtmol7q313aazyiqj 0 77854 646194 309070 2026-10-20T08:04:31Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum |name=এছিয়াটিক চছাইটি|location=১ পাৰ্ক ষ্ট্ৰীট [[কলকাতা]] – ৭০০০১৬ [[পশ্চিম বংগ]], [[ভাৰত]]|network=|publictransit=পাৰ্ক ষ্ট্ৰীট|curator=|president=স্বপ্ন কুমাৰ প্ৰমানিক <ref>{{cite web |title=Council {{!}} Asiatic Society |url=https://www.asiaticsocietykolkata.org/organization-structure/executive-council |website=www.asiaticsocietykolkata.org |publisher=The Asiatic Society |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref>|director=|founder=ছাৰ উইলিয়াম জোনছ|visitors=|collection=|type=পুথিভঁৰাল|dissolved=|native_name=|established={{start date and age|1784}}|coordinates=|map_alt=|map_caption=|map_type=|caption=এছিয়াটিক চছাইটি, কলকাতাৰ প্ৰতীক|imagesize=150|image=Logo of the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1905 depicting Sir William Jones.png|native_name_lang=|website=[http://www.asiaticsocietykolkata.org/ asiaticsocietykolkata.org] }} '''এচিয়াটিক চছাইটি''' হৈছে ভাৰতত কোম্পানীৰ শাসনকালত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা ভাৰত চৰকাৰৰ এক সংগঠন, যাৰ দ্বাৰা "প্ৰাচ্য গৱেষণা"ৰ কাৰণ বৃদ্ধি কৰা আৰু ভাৰত আৰু ইয়াৰ চাৰিওফালৰ অঞ্চলবোৰৰ ওপৰত গৱেষণা আগবঢ়োৱা। ১৭৮৪ চনৰ ১৫ জানুৱাৰীত ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাজৰ তদানীন্তন ৰাজধানী কলিকতাত ন্যায়াধীশ ৰবাৰ্ট চেম্বাৰ্ছৰ সভাপতিত্বত অনুষ্ঠিত এখন সভাত ভাষাতত্ত্ববিদ উইলিয়াম জনচে্‌ ইয়াক প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাৰ সময়ত (১৮২৫ চনত) এই সমাজ খনৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছিল ''"এছিয়াটিক চছাইটি"''। ১৮৩২ চনত নামটো সলনি কৰি ''"এছিয়াটিক চছাইটি অফ বেংগল"'' কৰা হয় আৰু পুনৰ ১৯৩৬ চনত ইয়াক ''"ৰয়েল এছিয়াটিক চছাইটি অফ বেংগল"'' বুলি নামাকৰণ কৰা হয়। অৱশেষত, ১৯৫১ চনৰ ১ জুলাইত সমাজখনৰ নাম সলনি কৰি বৰ্তমানৰ নাম দিয়া হয়। চছাইটিটো কলকাতাৰ পাৰ্ক ষ্ট্ৰীটৰ অৱস্থিত ।১৮২৩ চনত কলিকতাৰ চিকিৎসা আৰু ভৌতিক সমাজ গঠন কৰা হয় আৰু এই সমাজৰ সকলো সভা এছিয়াটিক চছাইটিত অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। == ইতিহাস == [[চিত্ৰ:The_Asiatic_Society_Building,_1828.tif|thumb|এছিয়াটিক চছাইটিৰ পুৰণি ভৱনৰ লিথোগ্ৰাফ]] ১৭৮৪ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত ছাৰ উইলিয়াম জোন্সে এছিয়াটিক অধ্যয়নৰ বাবে এখন সমাজ স্থাপনৰ লক্ষ্যৰে কলিকতাৰ নিৰ্বাচিত সংখ্যক ব্ৰিটিছ বাসিন্দালৈ এখন বৃত্তাকাৰ পত্ৰ প্ৰেৰণ কৰে। তেওঁৰ নিমন্ত্ৰণত, ত্ৰিশজন ব্ৰিটিছ আৱাসী উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ৰ গ্ৰেণ্ড জুৰী কোঠাত (কলিকতাৰ ফৰ্ট উইলিয়ামত) ১৫ জানুৱাৰী ১৭৮৪ তাৰিখে মিলিত হৈছিল। সভাখনত ছাৰ ৰবাৰ্ট চেম্বাৰ্ছে সভাপতিত্ব কৰিছিল। এই সভাত, জোন্সে তেওঁ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিব লগা সমাজৰ লক্ষ্যবোৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰিছিল। জোন্সে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা এছিয়াটিক চছাইটিৰ ''অনুচ্ছেদৰ চুক্তিপত্ৰত'' এইদৰে কোৱা হৈছিল।<blockquote><nowiki>''The bounds of investigations will be the geographical limits of Asia, and within these limits its enquiries will be extended to whatever is performed by man or produced by nature.''</nowiki></blockquote>উল্লেখযোগ্য প্ৰাৰম্ভিক সদস্য আছিল চাৰ্লছ ৱিলকিন্স আৰু আলেকজেণ্ডাৰ হেমিল্টন। আৰম্ভণিতে, উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ৰ গ্ৰেণ্ড জুৰী কোঠাটো সদস্যসকলৰ সভাৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, যিসকলে দুটা মহুৰৰ তিনিমহীয়া মাচুল পৰিশোধ কৰিব লগা হৈছিল। সদস্যসকলক ভোটদানৰ জৰিয়তে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হৈছিল। ১৭৯৬ চনৰ ২৯ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত সমাজে নিজৰ ভৱন ৰখাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। জে.এইচ. হেৰিংটন, তেতিয়াৰ উপ-ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিয়ে চ'চাইটিৰ ঘৰৰ বাবে পাৰ্ক ষ্ট্ৰীট আৰু চৌৰিঙ্গী ৰোডৰ (বৰ্তমানৰ অৱস্থান) কোণটো বাছনি কৰিছিল। ১৮০৫ চনৰ ১৫ মে'ত এই স্থানটো সমাজক প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছিল। নতুন ভৱনটোৰ মূল পৰিকল্পনাটো কেপ্টেইন থমাছ প্ৰেষ্টনৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছিল। ফৰাচী স্থপতিবিদ জিন-জাক পিচৌ ইয়াত কিছুমান পৰিৱৰ্তন কৰিছিল আৰু সেই স্থানত এটা দুমহলীয়া অট্টালিকা নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ১৮০৮ চনৰ ৩ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত চছাইটিৰ প্ৰথম ত্ৰৈমাসিক বৈঠক ইয়াৰ নতুন ভৱনত অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। ১৭৮৪ চনৰ পৰা ১৮২৮ চনলৈ কেৱল ইউৰোপীয়সকলহে সমাজৰ সদস্য হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হৈছিল। ১৮২৯ চনত, এইচ.এইচ. উইলছনৰ উদ্যোগত, কেইবাজনো ভাৰতীয় সদস্য নিৰ্বাচিত হয়, যাৰ ভিতৰত আছে দ্বাৰকানাথ ঠাকুৰ, শিৱ্‌চন্দ্ৰ দাস, মহাৰাজা বৈদ্যনাথ ৰয়, মহাৰাজা বুনৱাৰী গোবিন্দ ৰয়, ৰাজা কালিকৃষ্ণ বাহাদুৰ, ৰাজচন্দৰ দাস, ৰাম কমুল সেন আৰু প্ৰসন্ন কুমাৰ টেগোৰ। ১৮৩২ চনৰ ১২ ডিচেম্বৰত ৰাম কমুল সেন 'স্থানীয় সচিব' হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। পিছত, ৰাজেন্দ্ৰলাল মিত্ৰ ১৮৮৫ চনত এছিয়াটিক চছাইটিৰ প্ৰথম ভাৰতীয় অধ্যক্ষ হয়। প্ৰাচ্যবিদ ব্ৰজেন্দ্ৰনাথ দে আৰু তেওঁৰ এজন নাতি বুৰঞ্জীবিদ বৰুণ দে দুয়ো এছিয়াটিক চছাইটিৰ কিছু সময়ৰ বাবে উপ-সভাপতি আছিল। == পুথিভঁৰাল == [[চিত্ৰ:Asiatic_Society_-_Park_Street_-_Kolkata_2013-04-10_7830.JPG|left|thumb|এছিয়াটিক চছাইটি ভৱন, পাৰ্ক ষ্ট্ৰীট, কলকাতা, <small>এপ্ৰিল 2013।</small>]] এছিয়াটিক চছাইটিৰ এটা মুখ্য কাৰ্যকলাপ আছিল ভাৰতৰ পুৰণি পাণ্ডুলিপিসংগ্ৰহ কৰা।<ref name="X">Saraswati, H.D Swami Prakashanand. ''The True History and the Religion of India''. International Society of Divine Love. pp. 297. {{ISBN|0-9673823-1-9}}.</ref> চছাইটিৰ লগত সংস্কৃত পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ এক বিশাল সংগ্ৰহ আছিল।<ref name="X" /> বৰ্তমান এছিয়াটিক চছাইটিৰ পুথিভঁৰালত প্ৰায় ১,১৭,০০০কিতাপ আৰু ৭৯,০০০ আলোচনী ৰ সংগ্ৰহ আছে যিবোৰ পৃথিৱীৰ প্ৰায় সকলো মুখ্য ভাষাত মুদ্ৰণ কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াত ২৯৩ খন মানচিত্ৰ, ৪৮,০০০ টা কামৰ মাইক্ৰ'ফিচে, ৩৮৭,০০৩ পৃষ্ঠাৰ মাইক্ৰ'ফিল্ম, ১৮২ খন চিত্ৰ, ২৫০০ পত্ৰিকা আৰু ২১৫০ খন আলোকচিত্ৰৰ সংগ্ৰহ আছে। এই পুথিভঁৰালত সংৰক্ষিত আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি মুদ্ৰিত কিতাপখন হৈছে ১৪৯৯ চনত প্ৰকাশিত জুলি ফিৰ্মিচিৰ ''Astronomicorum Libri'' ইয়াৰ ওপৰিও ১৮ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালে আৰু ঊনবিংশ শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিতে ভাৰতত মুদ্ৰিত বহুসংখ্যক কিতাপ ইয়াত আছে। পুথিভঁৰালটোত বহুতো বিৰল আৰু খুব কম উপলব্ধ কিতাপ আছে। পুথিভঁৰালটোত ২৬ খন লিপিত প্ৰায় ৪৭,০০০ পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ সমৃদ্ধ সংগ্ৰহ আছে। তেওঁলোকৰ ভিতৰত আটাইতকৈ উল্লেখযোগ্য হৈছে ''[[কোৰআন]] ৰ'' এখন চিত্ৰিত পাণ্ডুলিপি, ''গুলিস্তান'' পাঠৰ পাণ্ডুলিপি, আৰু সম্ৰাট শ্বাহজাহানৰ স্বাক্ষৰ থকা ''পদশ্বাহ নামা'' নামৰ এখন পাণ্ডুলিপি। পুথিভঁৰালটোৰ দখলত থকা আলোচনীসমূহৰ সংখ্যা বৰ্তমান প্ৰায় ৮০,০০০। এই পুথিভঁৰালৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক সংগ্ৰহ ইয়াৰ সদস্যসকলৰ পৰা লাভ কৰা অৱদানৰ দ্বাৰা সমৃদ্ধ হৈছিল। ১৭৮৪ চনৰ ২৫ মাৰ্চত পুথিভঁৰালটোৱে হেনৰি ৰিচাৰ্ডছনৰ পৰা সাতখন পাৰ্চী পাণ্ডুলিপি লাভ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী অৱদান উইলিয়াম মাৰ্চডেনৰ পৰা আহিছিল, যিয়ে ১৭৮৪ চনৰ ১০ নৱেম্বৰত তেওঁৰ দ্য ''হিষ্ট্ৰী অৱ সুমাত্ৰা'' (১৭৮৩) নামৰ কিতাপখন দান কৰিছিল। প্ৰথম লাইব্ৰেৰী-ইন-চাৰ্জ (১৮০৪) ৰবাৰ্ট হোমে তেওঁৰ মূল্যৱান শিল্পকৰ্মৰ সংগ্ৰহ দান কৰিছিল। ১৮৪৯ চনৰ পৰা, চছাইটিয়ে ''[[:en:Bibliotheca_Indica|Bibliotheca Indica]]'' মুদ্ৰণ কৰিছে, যি হৈছে প্ৰাচ্য সাহিত্যৰ সৈতে জড়িত আৰু অপ্ৰকাশিত কামৰ এক সংগ্ৰহ আৰু মূল পাঠ-সংস্কৰণৰ লগতে ইংৰাজীলৈ অনুবাদ, আৰু লগতে ব্যাকৰণ, অভিধান, গ্ৰন্থাৱলী আৰু অধ্যয়ন। == সংগ্ৰহালয় == [[চিত্ৰ:Bhabru_inscription.jpg|thumb|সম্ৰাট অশোকৰ শিলালিপি (প্ৰায় 250 খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব) এছিয়াটিক চছাইটিত দৃশ্যমান। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://i0.wp.com/www.kolkataonwheels.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/DSC_0042.jpg|title=Image of the full display}}</ref>]] চছাইটিৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়টো ১৮১৪ চনত নাথানিয়েল ৱালিচৰ অধীনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ সংগ্ৰহৰ দ্ৰুত বিকাশ ইয়াৰ প্ৰথম তালিকাৰ পৰা স্পষ্ট হয়, যি ১৮৪৯ চনত প্ৰকাশিত হৈছিল। ১৮৪৯ চনলৈ সমাজৰ নিজা সংগ্ৰহালয় আছিল য'ত শিল আৰু ধাতু, প্ৰতিমা, পুৰণি মুদ্ৰা আৰু সংস্কৃত পাণ্ডুলিপি আদিৰ শিলালিপি আছিল।<ref name="X">Saraswati, H.D Swami Prakashanand. ''The True History and the Religion of India''. International Society of Divine Love. pp. 297. {{ISBN|0-9673823-1-9}}.</ref> যেতিয়া ১৮১৪ চনত কলিকতাৰ ভাৰতীয় সংগ্ৰহালয় স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল, সমাজে ইয়াৰ বেছিভাগ মূল্যৱান সংগ্ৰহ ইয়াক হস্তান্তৰ কৰিছিল। অৱশ্যে সমাজৰ এতিয়াও নিজা এটা সংগ্ৰহালয় আছে য'ত সম্ৰাট অশোকৰ ( খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ২৫০) এটা শিল আৰু তামৰ শিলালিপি, মুদ্ৰা, ভাস্কৰ্য, পাণ্ডুলিপি আৰু আৰ্কাইভেল ৰেকৰ্ডৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সংগ্ৰহ আছে। == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ ==  {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগসমূহ == * {{commonscatinline}} * {{Official website|http://www.asiaticsocietykolkata.org/}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200109100340/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Asiatic_Society "Asiatic Society", ''Banglapedia.'' On Line.] * [http://www.scholarly-societies.org/history/1784as.html "Asiatic Society of Bengal", Scholarly Societies Project.] * [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51678 Scanned volumes of the Journal of the Asiatic Society] [[শ্ৰেণী:অনুষ্ঠান প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] li2wma89moytvkef5c3uxp2zl6ay2mg 0 82110 646163 570381 2026-10-20T00:09:04Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = গুগল বুকছ | logo = [[File:Google Books logo 2015.svg|200px]] | collapsible = yes | collapsetext = Screenshot | screenshot = | owner = [[গুগল]] | launch_date = {{Start date and age|2004|10}} (as Google Print) | type = [[ডিজিটেল লাইব্ৰেৰী]] | license = | url = {{URL|1=https://books.google.com}} | current_status = সক্ৰিয় }} '''গুগল বুকছ''' ({{lang-en|Google books}}; পূৰ্বতে গুগল বুক চাৰ্চ, গুগল প্ৰিণ্ট, আৰু ইয়াৰ ক'ড-নাম প্ৰজেক্ট অ'চেন)<ref>{{cite web|last=Love|first=Dylan|title=An Inside Look At One Of Google's Most Controversial Projects|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/google-books-2013-12|website=Business Insider|access-date=21 October 2017}}</ref> হৈছে [[গুগল]] ইনকৰ্পৰেশ্যনৰ এটা সেৱা যিয়ে গুগলে স্কেন কৰা কিতাপ আৰু আলোচনীৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ পাঠ্য সন্ধান কৰাৰ উপৰি এই পাঠ্য ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি লিখনীলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰে, আলোকীয় আখৰ চিনাক্তকৰণ (OCR), আৰু ইয়াৰ ডিজিটেল ডাটাবেছত সংৰক্ষণ কৰাত সহায় কৰে।<ref name=GoogleLinks> The basic Google book link is found at https://books.google.com/. The "advanced" interface allowing more specific searches is found at https://books.google.com/advanced_book_search</ref> কিতাপসমূহ হয় প্ৰকাশক আৰু লেখকসকলে গুগল বুকছ পাৰ্টনাৰ প্ৰগ্ৰেমৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰদান কৰে, বা গুগলৰ লাইব্ৰেৰী অংশীদাৰসকলে লাইব্ৰেৰী প্ৰজেক্টৰ জৰিয়তে প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref name="book sources">{{Cite web|url=https://support.google.com/books/answer/43726?hl=en-IN&ref_topic=4359341|title=Where do these books come from?|website=Google Books Help|access-date=10 November 2014}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও গুগলে কেইবাখনো [[আলোচনী]] প্ৰকাশকৰ সৈতে অংশীদাৰিত্ব কৰি তেওঁলোকৰ আৰ্কাইভসমূহ ডিজিটেলাইজ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|author=Mark O'Neill|title=Read Complete Magazines Online in Google Books|url=http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/read-complete-magazine-archives-in-google-books/|website=Make Use Of|date=28 January 2009}}</ref><ref name=magazines>{{cite web|url=https://support.google.com/books/answer/116502?hl=en-IN&ref_topic=4359341|title=About Magazines search|website=Google Books Help|access-date=13 January 2015}}</ref> ২০০৪ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ফ্ৰেংকফৰ্ট গ্ৰন্থমেলাত প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰাৰ সময়ত প্ৰকাশক কাৰ্যসূচীক প্ৰথমে গুগল প্ৰিণ্ট নামেৰে জনাজাত হৈছিল। পুথিভঁৰালৰ অংশীদাৰসকলৰ সংগ্ৰহত থকা ৰচনাসমূহ স্কেন কৰি ডিজিটেল তথ্যত যোগ কৰা ''গুগল বুকছ লাইব্ৰেৰী প্ৰজেক্ট'' ২০০৪ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত ঘোষণা কৰা হৈছিল। গুগল বুকছৰ পদক্ষেপে মানৱ জ্ঞানৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ অনলাইন সংস্থা হ'ব পৰা বিষয়টোৰ অভূতপূৰ্ব প্ৰৱেশ প্ৰদান কৰাৰ সম্ভাৱনাৰ বাবে আৰু জ্ঞানৰ গণতান্ত্ৰিককৰণক প্ৰসাৰিত কৰাৰ বাবে প্ৰশংসিত হৈছে।<ref>{{cite news|first=Kevin|last=Bergquist|title=Google project promotes public good|url=http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0506/Feb13_06/02.shtml|work=The University Record|publisher=[[University of Michigan]]|date=2006-02-13|access-date=2007-04-11|archivedate=2007-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012194543/http://umich.edu/~urecord/0506/Feb13_06/02.shtml|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Is This the Renaissance or the Dark Ages?|last=Pace|first=Andrew K.|url=http://www.ala.org/ala/alonline/techspeaking/2006columnsa/techJan2006.cfm|date=January 2006|website=American Libraries|publisher=[[American Library Association]]|access-date=2007-04-11|quote=Google made instant e-book believers out of skeptics even though 10 years of e-book evangelism among librarians had barely made progress. |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070403083647/http://www.ala.org/ala/alonline/techspeaking/2006columnsa/techJan2006.cfm |archive-date=2007-04-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="spiegel">[http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,473529-2,00.html Malte Herwig, "Google's Total Library", ''Spiegel Online International'', Mar. 28, 2007.]</ref> কিন্তু ইয়াক সম্ভাৱ্য কপিৰাইট উলংঘাৰ বাবে আৰু OCR প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ দ্বাৰা স্কেন কৰা লিখনীসমূহত প্ৰৱৰ্তিত বহুতো ভুল সংশোধন কৰিবলৈ সম্পাদনাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবেও সমালোচনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="spiegel" /><ref name=LAWSUITS/> ২০১৯ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহলৈকে গুগলে গুগল বুকছৰ ১৫ বছৰ উদযাপন কৰিছিল আৰু স্কেন কৰা কিতাপৰ সংখ্যাক ৪ কোটিতকৈ অধিক শিৰোনাম হিচাপে প্ৰদান কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blog.google/products/search/15-years-google-books/|title=15 years of Google Books|date=17 October 2019}}</ref> গুগলে ২০১০ চনত অনুমান কৰিছিল যে বিশ্বত প্ৰায় ১৩ কোটি সুকীয়া গ্ৰন্থ আছে,<ref name="PCWORLD">[http://www.pcworld.com/article/202803/google_129_million_different_books_have_been_published.html Google: 129 Million Different Books Have Been Published] PC World</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://booksearch.blogspot.com/2010/08/books-of-world-stand-up-and-be-counted.html |date=August 5, 2010 |title=Books of the world |access-date=2010-08-15 |quote=After we exclude serials, we can finally count all the books in the world. There are 129,864,880 of them. At least until Sunday }}</ref> আৰু গুগল বুকচৰ উদ্দেশ্য হৈছে এই সকলোবোৰ স্কেন কৰা।<ref name="PCWORLD"/> কিন্তু শেহতীয়া বছৰবোৰত আমেৰিকাৰ একাডেমিক লাইব্ৰেৰীসমূহত স্কেনিং প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ গতি মন্থৰ হৈছে।<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/arts/international/google-books-a-complex-and-controversial-experiment.html|title=Google Books: A Complex and Controversial Experiment|first=Stephen|last=Heyman|newspaper=The New York Times|date=28 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/what-ever-happened-to-google-books|title=What Ever Happened to Google Books?|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|date=11 September 2015}}</ref> গুগল বুকৰ স্কেনিং প্ৰচেষ্টাৰ ওপৰত আমেৰিকাত অথৰ্ছ গিল্ড বনাম গুগল নামৰ এটা ক্লাছ-একচন গোচৰ ৰুজু হৈছে। এই গোচৰটো এটা বিশেষ গোচৰ হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হৈছে কিয়নো ইয়াৰ বাবেই আমেৰিকাত নামবিহীন ৰচনাৰ বাবে কপিৰাইটৰ পদ্ধতি সলনি কৰাৰ আলোচনা হয়।<ref name=atlantic>{{cite web|author=James Somers|title=Torching the Modern-Day Library of Alexandria|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/04/the-tragedy-of-google-books/523320/|publisher=The Atlantic|date=20 April 2017}}</ref> == ইতিহাস == ২০০২ চনত গুগলৰ সদস্যসকলৰ এটা দলে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে "চিক্ৰেট 'বুক' প্ৰজেক্ট" আৰম্ভ কৰে।<ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/googlebooks/about/history.html |title=Google Books History – Google Books |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206043510/http://books.google.com/googlebooks/about/history.html |archive-date=2016-02-06 |access-date=2016-02-22}}</ref> গুগলৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক ছাৰ্গেই ব্ৰিন আৰু লেৰী পেজে ১৯৯৬ চনত ষ্টেনফৰ্ডত স্নাতক ছাত্ৰ হৈ থকাৰ সময়তে পিছলৈ গুগল বুকলৈ পৰিণত হোৱা গুগল বুকছৰ ৱেবছাইটৰ ইতিহাস পৃষ্ঠাত এই প্ৰকল্পৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক দৃষ্টিভংগীৰ বিষয়ে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে: "যিখন ভৱিষ্যতৰ পৃথিৱীত কিতাপৰ বিশাল সংগ্ৰহসমূহ ডিজিটেলাইজ কৰা হয়, মানুহে কিতাপসমূহৰ বিষয়বস্তু সূচীভুক্ত কৰিবলৈ আৰু ইয়াৰ মাজৰ সংযোগসমূহ বিশ্লেষণ কৰিবলৈ এটা 'ৱেব ক্ৰ'লাৰ' ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব, এই দলটোৱে সেই সময়ৰ কিছুমান বৃহৎ ডিজিটেলাইজেচন প্ৰচেষ্টাৰ স্থানসমূহ পৰিদৰ্শন কৰিছিল, য'ত আছিল লাইব্ৰেৰী অৱ কংগ্ৰেছৰ আমেৰিকান মেম'ৰী প্ৰজেক্ট, প্ৰজেক্ট গুটেনবাৰ্গ, আৰু ইউনিভাৰ্চেল লাইব্ৰেৰীত ইহঁতে কেনেকৈ কাম কৰে সেইটো জানিবলৈ, লগতে ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ মিচিগান, পেজৰ আলমা মেটাৰ, আৰু জে এছ টি অ' আৰ আৰু মেকিং অৱ আমেৰিকাৰ দৰে ডিজিটেলাইজেচন প্ৰকল্পৰ ভিত্তি। সেই সময়ৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ সভানেত্ৰী মেৰী ছু ক’লমেনৰ সৈতে হোৱা এক বাৰ্তালাপত যেতিয়া পেজে গম পালে যে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ বৰ্তমানৰ লাইব্ৰেৰীটোৰ সকলো ভলিউম স্কেন কৰাৰ বাবে ১০০০ বছৰ লাগিব বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছিল, তেতিয়া পেজে কলমেনক কৈছিল যে তেওঁ “বিশ্বাস কৰে যে গুগলে ছয় বছৰত ইয়াক সম্ভৱ কৰাত সহায় কৰিব পাৰে।” <ref name="books.google.com" /> ২০০৩ চনত দলটোৱে এটা উচ্চ গতিৰ স্কেনিং প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ লগতে অদ্ভুত ধৰণৰ আকাৰ, অস্বাভাৱিক ফণ্ট আৰু "অন্য অপ্ৰত্যাশিত বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ"ত সমস্যা সমাধানৰ বাবে চফ্টৱেৰ বিকশিত কৰাৰ কাম কৰে।<ref name="books.google.com"/> <ref name="books.google.com"/> ২০০৪ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত গুগলে ''গুগল প্ৰিণ্ট লাইব্ৰেৰী প্ৰজেক্ট'' নামেৰে জনাজাত গুগল প্ৰিণ্ট পদক্ষেপৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ সংকেত দিয়ে।<ref name="gblp1">O'Sullivan, Joseph and Adam Smith. [http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2004/12/all-booked-up.html "All booked up,"] ''Googleblog.'' December 14, 2004.</ref> কোম্পানীটোৱে কপিৰাইট অইন ভংগ কৰাৰ লগতে লেখক আৰু প্ৰকাশকসকলক সঠিকভাৱে ক্ষতিপূৰণ দিয়াত ব্যৰ্থ হৈছে বুলি ২০০৫ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহৰ পৰা অক্টোবৰৰ ভিতৰত গুগলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দুটাকৈ গোচৰ ৰুজু হয়। এটা লেখকৰ হৈ ক্লাছ একচন অভিযোগ (অথৰ্ছ গিল্ড বনাম গুগল, ২০ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০০৫) আৰু আনটো হৈছে পাঁচটা বৃহৎ প্ৰকাশক আৰু এছ’চিয়েশ্যন অৱ আমেৰিকান পাব্লিচাৰ্ছে উত্থাপন কৰা দেৱানী গোচৰ। (মেকগ্ৰা হিল বনাম গুগল, ১৯ অক্টোবৰ ২০০৫)<ref name=LAWSUITS> Copyright infringement suits against Google and their settlement: {{cite web | publisher=Google Press Center | title= Copyright Accord Would Make Millions More Books Available Online | url=https://www.google.com/intl/en/press/pressrel/20081027_booksearchagreement.html | access-date=November 22, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher = Authors Guild |title = Authors Guild v. Google Settlement Resources Page |url = http://www.authorsguild.org/advocacy/articles/settlement-resources.html |access-date = November 22, 2008 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081113145948/http://www.authorsguild.org/advocacy/articles/settlement-resources.html |archive-date = November 13, 2008 |archivedate = November 13, 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081113145948/http://www.authorsguild.org/advocacy/articles/settlement-resources.html |deadurl = yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| newspaper=The Economist | url=http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12523914 | access-date=November 22, 2008 | title=A new chapter| date=October 30, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Authors Guild Sues Google, Citing "Massive Copyright Infringement" | last=Aiken | first=Paul | url=http://www.authorsguild.org/news/sues_google_citing.htm | access-date=2007-04-11 | date=2005-09-20 | publisher=[[Authors Guild]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209223903/http://www.authorsguild.org/news/sues_google_citing.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> | archive-date=2007-02-09 | archivedate=2007-02-09 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209223903/http://www.authorsguild.org/news/sues_google_citing.htm | deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | first=Alorie | last=Gilbert | title=Publishers sue Google over book search project | url=http://news.cnet.com/Publishers+sue+Google+over+book+search+project/2100-1030_3-5902115.html | access-date=2007-04-11 | publisher=[[CNET]] News | date=2005-10-19 }}</ref> নৱেম্বৰ ২০০৫ত গুগলে এই সেৱাৰ নাম গুগল প্ৰিণ্টৰ পৰা গুগল বুক চাৰ্চলৈ সলনি কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | author= Jen Grant | title= Judging Book Search by its cover | website= Googleblog | format=blog | date= November 17, 2005 | url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2005/11/judging-book-search-by-its-cover.html}}</ref> প্ৰকাশক আৰু লেখকসকলক তেওঁলোকৰ কিতাপসমূহ সেৱাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম কৰা ইয়াৰ কাৰ্যসূচীৰ নাম সলনি কৰি গুগল বুকছ পাৰ্টনাৰ প্ৰগ্ৰেম ৰখা হয়,<ref>{{cite web |title=Library partners |website=Google books |url=https://books.google.com/googlebooks/partners.html |access-date=2013-02-27}}</ref> আৰু লাইব্ৰেৰীৰ সৈতে অংশীদাৰিত্বৰে গুগল বুকছ লাইব্ৰেৰী প্ৰজেক্ট হৈ পৰে। ২০০৬ চনত গুগলে ইয়াৰ সকলো কপিৰাইটৰ বাহিৰৰ, ৰাজহুৱা ডমেইনৰ কিতাপত "download a pdf" বুটাম যোগ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ই নতুন "এবাউট দিছ বুক" পৃষ্ঠাসমূহৰ সৈতে এটা নতুন ব্ৰাউজিং আন্তঃপৃষ্ঠও যোগ কৰে।<ref name="books.google.com" /> ২০০৬ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া চিষ্টেমে বুকছ ডিজিটাইজেচন প্ৰকল্পত যোগদান কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে। ইয়াত ব্যৱস্থাপ্ৰণালীৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত প্ৰায় ১০০টা লাইব্ৰেৰীৰ ভিতৰত ৩৪ মিলিয়ন ভলিউমৰ এটা অংশ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web|last=Colvin|first=Jennifer|title=UC libraries partner with Google to digitize books|url=http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/2006/aug09.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060815010156/http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/2006/aug09.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 August 2006|website=University of California|access-date=27 August 2013|archivedate=15 August 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060815010156/http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/2006/aug09.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত মাদ্ৰিদৰ কম্প্লুটেন্স বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে গুগল বুকছ লাইব্ৰেৰী প্ৰজেক্টত যোগদান কৰা প্ৰথমটো স্পেনিছ ভাষাৰ পুথিভঁৰাল হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=University Complutense of Madrid and Google to Make Hundreds of Thousands of Books Available Online|url=http://googlepress.blogspot.co.uk/2006/09/university-complutense-of-madrid-and_26.html|website=Google|access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> অক্টোবৰ ২০০৬ত উইচকনচিন–মেডিচন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ঘোষণা কৰে যে তেওঁলোকে উইচকনচিন হিষ্ট’ৰিক্যাল ছ’চাইটি লাইব্ৰেৰীৰ সৈতে বুক চাৰ্চ ডিজিটাইজেচন প্ৰকল্পত যোগদান কৰিব।<ref>{{cite web|title=New release: UW-Madison Joins Google's Worldwide Book Digitization Project|url=http://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/13010.html|website=University of Wisconsin-Madison|access-date=28 August 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909125649/http://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/13010.html|archive-date=9 September 2013|archivedate=9 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909125649/http://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/13010.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰে নৱেম্বৰ মাহত ভাৰ্জিনিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়েও এই প্ৰকল্পত যোগদান কৰে। ইয়াৰ পুথিভঁৰালসমূহত পাঁচ মিলিয়নতকৈ অধিক খণ্ড আৰু ১ কোটি ৭০ লাখতকৈ অধিক পাণ্ডুলিপি, বিৰল কিতাপ আৰু আৰ্কাইভ আছে।<ref>{{cite web|title=The University of Virginia Library Joins the Google Books Library Project|url=http://googlepress.blogspot.co.uk/2006/11/university-of-virginia-library-joins_14.html|website=Google|access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> ২০০৭ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত অষ্টিনৰ টেক্সাছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে ঘোষণা কৰে যে তেওঁলোকে কিতাপ সন্ধান ডিজিটেলাইজেচন প্ৰকল্পত যোগদান কৰিব। বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ ১৩টা পুথিভঁৰালৰ স্থানৰ পৰা কমেও ১০ লাখ খণ্ড ডিজিটেলাইজ কৰা হ’ব। আকৌ ২০০৭ চনৰে মাৰ্চ মাহত বাভাৰিয়ান ষ্টেট লাইব্ৰেৰীয়ে গুগলৰ সৈতে অংশীদাৰিত্ব ঘোষণা কৰি জাৰ্মান ভাষাৰ লগতে ইংৰাজী, ফৰাচী, ইটালীয়, লেটিন আৰু স্পেনিছ ভাষাৰ এক মিলিয়নতকৈ অধিক ৰাজহুৱা ডমেইন আৰু প্ৰিণ্টৰ বাহিৰত থকা গ্ৰন্থসমূহ স্কেন কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|last=Mills|first=Elinor|title=Bavarian library joins Google book search project|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-6164875-7.html|website=Cnet|access-date=28 August 2013|archive-date=2 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302033350/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-6164875-7.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> মে' মাহত গুগল আৰু ল'জানৰ কেণ্টনেল আৰু ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি লাইব্ৰেৰীৰ যৌথভাৱে এখন কিতাপ ডিজিটেলাইজিং প্ৰকল্পৰ অংশীদাৰিত্ব ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>[http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/article/?id=2077 Reed, Brock. "La Bibliothèque, C'est Google" (''Wired Campus Newsletter'')], ''[[Chronicle of Higher Education]]''. May 17, 2007.</ref> লগতে গেণ্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ব'কেণ্ট'ৰেন লাইব্ৰেৰীয়েও ঘোষণা কৰে যে তেওঁলোকে গুগলৰ সৈতে ১৯ শতিকাৰ ফৰাচী আৰু ডাচ ভাষাৰ কিতাপসমূহৰ ডিজিটেলাইজ আৰু ডিজিটেলাইজ সংস্কৰণ অনলাইনত উপলব্ধ কৰাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিব।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugent.be/en/ghentuniv/facilities/library/google-project.htm|title=Google Books @ UGent|website=Universiteitsbibliotheek Gent|access-date=2019-07-09|archivedate=2019-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709145514/https://www.ugent.be/en/ghentuniv/facilities/library/google-project.htm|deadurl=yes}}</ref> একেটা মাহতে মহীশূৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়েও ৮ লাখতকৈ অধিক কিতাপ আৰু পাণ্ডুলিপি ডিজিটেলাইজ কৰিবৰ বাবে গুগলৰে সংযুক্ত হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ কাগজ আৰু সাঁচিপাত উভয়তে সংস্কৃত বা কানাড়া ভাষাত লিখা প্ৰায় এক লাখ পাণ্ডুলিপি আছে।<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=20 May 2007 |title=Google to digitise books at Mysore varsity |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/columnsbusiness/google-to-digitise-books-at-mysore-varsity/article1-223964.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125120800/http://www.hindustantimes.com/columnsbusiness/google-to-digitise-books-at-mysore-varsity/article1-223964.aspx |archive-date=2015-01-25 |access-date=2015-01-22 |publisher=Hindustan Times |archivedate=2015-01-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125120800/http://www.hindustantimes.com/columnsbusiness/google-to-digitise-books-at-mysore-varsity/article1-223964.aspx |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০০৭ চনৰ জুন মাহত প্ৰতিষ্ঠানিক সহযোগিতা সমিতিয়ে(২০১৬ চনত বিগ টেন একাডেমিক এলায়েন্স হিচাপে পুনৰ ব্ৰেণ্ড কৰা) ঘোষণা কৰে যে ইয়াৰ বাৰটা সদস্য পুথিভঁৰালে অহা ছবছৰৰ ভিতৰত এক কোটি কিতাপ স্কেন কৰাত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিব।<ref name="btaa">{{cite web|url=http://www.btaa.org/projects/library/book-search/introduction|title=Google Book Search Project - Menu|publisher=Big Ten Academic Alliance |access-date=30 June 2016}}</ref> জুলাই মাহত কেইঅ' বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে জাপানত গুগলৰ প্ৰথম লাইব্ৰেৰী পাৰ্টনাৰ হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয় আৰু ঘোষণা কৰে যে তেওঁলোকে কমেও ১ লাখ ২০ হাজাৰ পাব্লিক ডমেইনৰ কিতাপ ডিজিটেলাইজ কৰিব।<ref>{{cite web|last=DeBonis|first=Laura|title=Keio University Joins Google's Library Project|url=http://booksearch.blogspot.com/2007/07/keio-university-joins-googles-library.html|website=Google Books Search|access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> আগষ্ট মাহত গুগলে ঘোষণা কৰে যে কৰ্নেল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পুথিভঁৰালৰ পৰা কপিৰাইটযুক্ত আৰু ৰাজহুৱা ডমেইন দুয়োটা বস্তুৱে ৫ লাখলৈকে ডিজিটেলাইজ কৰিব। গুগলে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ নিজা পুথিভঁৰাল ব্যৱস্থাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰিবলৈ স্কেন কৰা সকলো ৰচনাৰ ডিজিটেল কপিও প্ৰদান কৰিব।<ref>{{cite web|title=Cornell University Library becomes newest partner in Google Book Search Library Project|url=https://www.library.cornell.edu/about/news/press-releases/cornell-university-library-becomes-newest-partner-google-book-search|website=Cornell University Library|access-date=27 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327182443/https://www.library.cornell.edu/about/news/press-releases/cornell-university-library-becomes-newest-partner-google-book-search|archivedate=27 March 2019|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০০৭ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত গুগলে এটা বৈশিষ্ট্য যোগ কৰিলে যাৰ সহায়ত ব্যৱহাৰকাৰীয়ে ৰাজহুৱা ডমেইনত থকা কিতাপৰ স্নিপেটসমূহ শ্বেয়াৰ কৰিব পাৰে। স্নিপেটবোৰ কিতাপখনৰ স্কেনত যিদৰে দেখা যায়, বা সাধাৰণ লিখনী হিচাপে দেখা দিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web |last=Tungare|first=Manas|title=Share and enjoy|url=http://booksearch.blogspot.com/2007/08/share-and-enjoy.html|website=Google Books Search|access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> একেটা মাহতে গুগলে "মাই লাইব্ৰেৰী" নামৰ এটা নতুন বৈশিষ্ট্য আৰম্ভ কৰে যিয়ে ব্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলক ব্যক্তিগত স্বনিৰ্বাচিত লাইব্ৰেৰী, তেওঁলোকে লেবেল, পৰ্যালোচনা, ৰেটিং বা সম্পূৰ্ণ পাঠ্য সন্ধান কৰিব পৰা কিতাপৰ নিৰ্বাচন সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ অনুমতি দিয়ে। <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/googlebooks/mylibrary/|title=Google Books }}</ref> সেইবছৰৰে ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত কলম্বিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ক ৰাজহুৱা ডমেইনৰ কামসমূহ ডিজিটেলাইজ কৰাৰ অংশীদাৰ হিচাপে যোগ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|last=Stricker|first=Gabriel|title=Columbia University joins the Google Book Search Library Project|url=http://booksearch.blogspot.com/2007/12/columbia-university-joins-google-book.html|website=Google Books Search|access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> ২০০৮ চনৰ মে' মাহত মাইক্ৰ'ছফ্টে টেপাৰ অফ কৰি ইয়াৰ স্কেনিং প্ৰকল্পৰ অন্ত পেলোৱাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰে, যিয়ে ৭ লাখ ৫০ হাজাৰ কিতাপ আৰু ৮ কোটি আলোচনীৰ প্ৰবন্ধত উপনীত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title=Microsoft Will Shut Down Book Search Program |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/24/technology/24soft.html |quote=Microsoft said it had digitized 750,000 books and indexed 80&nbsp; million journal articles. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=May 24, 2008 |access-date=2008-05-24 | first=Miguel | last=Helft}}</ref> আনহাতে অক্টোবৰত দুবছৰৰ আলোচনাৰ অন্তত প্ৰকাশন উদ্যোগ আৰু গুগলৰ মাজত এক নিষ্পত্তি হয়। গুগলে লাখ লাখ কিতাপ জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে উপলব্ধ কৰাৰ অধিকাৰৰ বিনিময়ত লেখক আৰু প্ৰকাশকসকলক ক্ষতিপূৰণ দিবলৈ সন্মত হয়।<ref name=LAWSUITS/><ref>{{cite news |title=Some Fear Google's Power in Digital Books |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/02/technology/internet/02link.html |quote = Today, that project is known as Google Book Search and, aided by a recent class-action settlement, it promises to transform the way information is collected: who controls the most books; who gets access to those books; how access will be sold and attained. |newspaper = New York Times |date=February 1, 2009 |access-date=2009-02-02 | first=Noam | last=Cohen }}</ref> ২০০৮ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত হাথিট্ৰাষ্ট "শ্বেয়াৰড ডিজিটেল ৰিপ'জিটৰী" (পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত হাথিট্ৰাষ্ট ডিজিটেল লাইব্ৰেৰী নামেৰে জনাজাত) ''কমিটি অন ইনষ্টিটিউচনেল ক'অপাৰেচন আৰু ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া'' ব্যৱস্থাৰ ১১খন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ লাইব্ৰেৰী(যিবোৰ সকলো গুগলৰ অংশীদাৰ লাইব্ৰেৰী আছিল) ক্ৰম অনুসৰি আৰম্ভ কৰা হয় গুগল আৰু অন্যান্যই স্কেন কৰা তেওঁলোকৰ সংগ্ৰহৰ পৰা কিতাপসমূহক আৰ্কাইভ আৰু শৈক্ষিক প্ৰৱেশ প্ৰদান কৰা।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Launch of HathiTrust - October 13, 2008 {{!}} www.hathitrust.org {{!}} HathiTrust Digital Library|url=https://www.hathitrust.org/press_10-13-2008|access-date=2021-08-07|website=www.hathitrust.org|archivedate=2020-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811005738/https://www.hathitrust.org/press_10-13-2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০০৮ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত গুগলে আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰকাশন অংশীদাৰসকলে স্কেন কৰা বস্তুৰ বাবে গুগলে ৭০ লাখ বুক মাৰ্কৰ সীমা অতিক্ৰম কৰে। ১০ লাখ সম্পূৰ্ণ পূৰ্বদৰ্শন ধৰণত আছিল আৰু ১০ লাখ সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে চাব পৰা আৰু ডাউনলোড কৰিব পৰা ৰাজহুৱা ডমেইনৰ কাম আছিল। প্ৰায় পাঁচ মিলিয়ন ছপা নোহোৱা হিচাপে আছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title = Massive EU online library looks to compete with Google |url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQBJ3FLg32GX_cAVFLQo1feO6Ckg |quote = Google, one of the pioneers in this domain on the other hand, claims to have seven million books available for its "Google Book Search" project, which saw the light of day at the end of 2004. |agency = [[Agence France-Presse]] |date = November 2008 |access-date = 2008-11-24 |archive-date = 2009-02-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090213213714/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQBJ3FLg32GX_cAVFLQo1feO6Ckg |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Google Hopes to Open a Trove of Little-Seen Books |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/05/technology/internet/05google.html |quote=The settlement may give new life to copyrighted out-of-print books in a digital form and allow writers to make money from titles that had been out of commercial circulation for years. Of the seven million books Google has scanned so far, about five million are in this category. |newspaper = New York Times |date=January 4, 2009 |access-date=2009-01-05 | first=Motoko | last=Rich}}</ref> ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত গুগলে গুগল বুকছত আলোচনীসমূহ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে। এই আলোচনীৰ শিৰোনামসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে নিউয়ৰ্ক মেগাজিন, ইব'নি, আৰু পপুলাৰ মেকানিক্স।<ref>{{cite news |title=Google updates search index with old magazines |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/28156997 |quote=As part of its quest to corral more content published on paper, Google Inc. has made digital copies of more than 1&nbsp; million articles from magazines that hit the newsstands decades ago. |work=NBC News |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=December 10, 2008 |access-date=June 29, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/12/search-and-find-magazines-on-google.html |title=Official Google Blog: Search and find magazines on Google Book Search |website=Official Google Blog }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত গুগলে গুগল বুক চাৰ্চৰ এটা মোবাইল সংস্কৰণ মুকলি কৰে, যাৰ ফলত আইফোন আৰু এণ্ড্ৰইড ফোন ব্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলে মোবাইল ব্ৰাউজাৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি আমেৰিকাত (আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ বাহিৰত ৫ লাখতকৈ অধিক) ১৫ লাখতকৈ অধিক পাব্লিক ডমেইনৰ কাম পঢ়িব পাৰে। য'ত পৃষ্ঠাৰ ছবিৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে কিতাপখনৰ সাধাৰণ লিখনী প্ৰদৰ্শিত হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://booksearch.blogspot.in/2009/02/15-million-books-in-your-pocket.html|title=1.5 million books in your pocket|website=Inside Google Books|date=5 February 2009}}</ref> মে' মাহত নিউয়ৰ্কত অনুষ্ঠিত বাৰ্ষিক বুকএক্সপ' সন্মিলনত গুগলে এনে এটা কাৰ্যসূচী প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যৰ সংকেত দিয়ে যিয়ে প্ৰকাশকসকলক তেওঁলোকৰ নতুন কিতাপৰ ডিজিটেল সংস্কৰণসমূহ গুগলৰ জৰিয়তে গ্ৰাহকক পোনপটীয়াকৈ বিক্ৰী কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম কৰিব।<ref>{{cite news | title=Preparing to Sell E-Books, Google Takes on Amazon |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/01/technology/internet/01google.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=2009-05-31 | first=Motoko | last=Rich | date=2009-06-01}}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত ফ্ৰান্সত প্ৰকাশিত কপিৰাইটযুক্ত কিতাপৰ স্কেনিং বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে ফ্ৰান্সৰ এখন আদালতে, ইয়াৰ দ্বাৰা কপিৰাইট আইন উলংঘা কৰা হৈছে বুলি কয়। স্কেনিং প্ৰকল্পৰ বাবে ই আছিল প্ৰথম বৃহৎ আইনী ক্ষতি।<ref>{{cite news |title=French court shuts down Google Books project |url=https://www.latimes.com/news/nation-and-world/la-fg-france-google19-2009dec19,0,548537.story |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 19, 2009 |access-date=2009-12-19 | first=Gaelle | last=Faure}}</ref> এপ্ৰিল ২০১০ত ভিজুৱেল আৰ্টিষ্টসকলক পূৰ্বৰ গোচৰ আৰু নিষ্পত্তিত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হোৱা নাছিল, আন এটা গোচৰত বাদপৰা গোটসমূহ। তেওঁলোকে কয় যে তেওঁলোকে কেৱল গুগল বুকছতকৈও অধিক তদাৰকীৰ আওতালৈ অনাৰ মনস্থ কৰিছে। বিবৃতিটোত আছিল: "নতুন শ্ৰেণী কাৰ্য্যই গুগলৰ লাইব্ৰেৰী প্ৰজেক্টৰ বাহিৰলৈ গতি কৰিছে, আৰু ইয়াত গুগলৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ, চিত্ৰকৰ আৰু অন্যান্য দৃশ্য শিল্পীৰ অধিকাৰৰ অন্যান্য পদ্ধতিগত আৰু ব্যাপক উলংঘাসমূহ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে।" <ref>{{cite web|last=O'Dell|first=Jolie|title=Google Gets Sued by Photographers Over Google Books|url=http://mashable.com/2010/04/07/google-books-photographers|website=Mashable|date=8 April 2010|access-date=28 August 2013}}</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ মে' মাহত গুগলে গুগল এডিচনছ নামৰ এক ডিজিটেল কিতাপৰ দোকান মুকলি কৰিব বুলি খবৰ ওলাইছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Google Readies Its E-Book Plan, Bringing in a New Sales Approach |url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703866704575224232417931818 |website=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=28 August 2013 |last = Vascellaro |first = Jessica E. |date=4 May 2010 }}</ref> ইয়াৰ নিজা ই-বুক ষ্ট’ৰৰ সৈতে এমাজন, বাৰ্নছ এণ্ড নোবেল, এপল আৰু অন্যান্য ইলেক্ট্ৰনিক কিতাপৰ খুচুৰা বিক্ৰেতাৰ সৈতে প্ৰতিযোগিতাত অৱতীৰ্ণ হ’ব। আনৰ দৰে নহয়, গুগল সংস্কৰণসমূহ সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে অনলাইন হ’ব আৰু ইয়াৰ বাবে কোনো নিৰ্দিষ্ট ডিভাইচৰ প্ৰয়োজন নহ’ব (যেনে কিণ্ডল, নুক, বা আইপেড)। ২০১০ চনৰ জুন মাহত গুগলে ১ কোটি ২০ লাখ কিতাপৰ স্কেন সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে।<ref name="PCWORLD" /> আগষ্ট ২০১০ত ঘোষণা কৰা হয় যে গুগলে এটা দশকৰ ভিতৰত ১২৯,৮৬৪,৮৮০খন কিতাপ স্কেন কৰাৰ মনস্থ কৰিছে, যাৰ পৰিমাণ ৪ বিলিয়নতকৈ অধিক ডিজিটেল পৃষ্ঠা আৰু মুঠ ২ ট্ৰিলিয়ন শব্দ।<ref name="PCWORLD" /> ডিচেম্বৰত আমেৰিকাত গুগল ই-বুকছ (গুগল সংস্কৰণ) মুকলি কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.macworld.com/article/156194/2010/12/google_ebookstore_launch.html |title=Google launches eBookstore with more than 3 million titles |publisher = MacWorld }}</ref> সেইমাহতে গুগলে এনগ্ৰাম ভিউয়াৰ মুকলি কৰে, যিয়ে ইয়াৰ গ্ৰন্থ সংগ্ৰহত শব্দৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ আৰু গ্ৰাফৰ কাম কৰে। ২০১১ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত এজন ফেডাৰেল ন্যায়াধীশে প্ৰকাশন উদ্যোগ আৰু গুগলৰ মাজত হোৱা নিষ্পত্তি নাকচ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.publishers.org/press/85/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103165236/http://publishers.org/press/85/ |archive-date=2013-11-03 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2013-11-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103165236/http://publishers.org/press/85/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০১২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত গুগলে প্ৰকাশকৰ সৈতে এক চুক্তিত উপনীত হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbrainthefilm.com/|title=Google and the world brain - Polar Star Films}}</ref> ২০১৩ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰত অথৰ্ছ গিল্ড বনাম গুগলৰ গোচৰত ৰায়দান কৰি আমেৰিকাৰ জিলা ন্যায়াধীশ ডেনি চিনে ন্যায্য ব্যৱহাৰৰ উল্লেখ কৰি গুগলৰ পক্ষ লয়।<ref name="Ars Technica">{{cite news |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/11/google-books-ruled-legal-in-massive-win-for-fair-use |title=Google Books ruled legal in massive win for fair use}}</ref> লেখকসকলে কয় যে তেওঁলোকে এই সম্পৰ্কে পুনৰ আপীল কৰিব।<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/15/business/media/judge-sides-with-google-on-book-scanning-suit.html "Siding With Google, Judge Says Book Search Does Not Infringe Copyright"], Claire Cain Miller and Julie Bosman, ''New York Times'', November 14, 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2013.</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত আপীল আদালতে গুগলৰ পক্ষ লয় আৰু ঘোষণা কৰে যে গুগলে কপিৰাইট আইন উলংঘা কৰা নাই।<ref name="reuters_2015_10_16">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-google-books-idUSKCN0SA1S020151016|title=Google book-scanning project legal, says U.S. appeals court|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ মতে, গুগলে ২.৫ কোটিতকৈ অধিক কিতাপ স্কেন কৰিছে।<ref name="nytimes.com"/> ২০১৬ চনৰ এপ্ৰিলত আমেৰিকাৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ে অথৰ্ছ গিল্ডৰ আপীলৰ শুনানি ল'বলৈ অস্বীকাৰ কৰে, অৰ্থাৎ নিম্ন আদালতৰ সিদ্ধান্তত থিয় দিছিল, আৰু গুগলক আইন উলংঘা নকৰাকৈ লাইব্ৰেৰীৰ কিতাপসমূহ স্কেন কৰি সন্ধানৰ ফলাফলত স্নিপেটসমূহ প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিবলৈ অনুমতি দিয়া হ'ব বুলি ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>[http://the-digital-reader.com/2016/04/18/supreme-court-rejects-challenge-to-google-book-scanning-project/ US Supreme Court Rejects Challenge to Google Book-Scanning Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418172749/http://the-digital-reader.com/2016/04/18/supreme-court-rejects-challenge-to-google-book-scanning-project/ |date=2016-04-18 }} April 18, 2016</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist|30em}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ডিজিটেল সাহিত্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গুগল]] kuk80pgbphzq2lugwqoxizgdgl1ni92 0 82977 646160 331340 2026-10-19T23:40:53Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646160 wikitext text/x-wiki [[চিত্ৰ:Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg/220px-Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg|thumb|[[টলেমি]]ৰ মানচিত্ৰত গংগাঋদ্ধি]] '''গংগাঋদ্ধি''' বা '''গাংগাৰিডাই''' ({{lang-gr|Γανγαρίδαι}}; Latin: '''''Gangaridae''''') প্ৰাচীন [[গ্ৰীচ|গ্ৰীক]] আৰু [[ৰোমান সাম্ৰাজ্য|ৰোমান]] লেখকসকলৰ দ্বাৰা ব্যৱহৃত এটি শব্দ যি [[ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশ|ভাৰত উপমহাদেশ]]ৰ এটি অঞ্চলক আৰু সেই অঞ্চলৰ লোকসকলক সূচায়।<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Gangaridai - Banglapedia|url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gangaridai|access-date=28 February 2022|website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite book|last=Haldar|first=Narotam|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.265493|title=Gangaridi - Alochana O Parjalochana|date=1988}}</ref> == সাম্ভাৱ্য স্থল == আধুনিক পণ্ডিতে মত দিছে যে এই শব্দই [[গঙ্গা নদী|গংগা]] নদীৰ [[ব-দ্বীপ]] সূচায়, যি [[বংগ]] অঞ্চলত স্থিত, যদিও আন মতো কোনো কোনোৱে পোষণ কৰে। গংগাঋদ্ধিৰ ৰাজধানী আছিল, [[টলেমি]]ৰ মতে, গংগে বা গংগেছ। এই গংগে সম্ভৱতঃ [[চন্দ্ৰকেতুগঢ়]] বা [[ৱাৰি-বটেশ্বৰ]]।<ref>{{cite web|title=History|quote=Shah-i-Bangalah, Shah-i-Bangaliyan and Sultan-i-Bangalah|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History|website=Banglapedia|access-date=23 September 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929104319/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History|archive-date=29 September 2017|df=dmy-all|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929104319/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=History|archivedate=29 September 2017|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == cafv2caz8lm7e3chxgvho0kepk796t2 0 85710 646165 643312 2026-10-20T00:40:43Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646165 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Assam Book Fair, Assam.jpg|thumb|অসম গ্ৰন্থমেলা]] '''গ্ৰন্থমেলা''' গ্ৰন্থমেলা হ'ল এটা বাণিজ্যিক অনুষ্ঠান য'ত প্ৰকাশকে [[কিতাপ]] প্ৰদৰ্শন আৰু বিক্ৰী কৰে। গ্ৰন্থমেলা হৈছে গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশক, বিক্ৰেতা, [[লেখক]], [[পাঠক]] আৰু সাহিত্য-অনুৰাগীসকলৰ সমাগমত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা এক প্ৰকাৰৰ সাংস্কৃতিক আৰু বাণিজ্যিক অনুষ্ঠান। গ্ৰন্থমেলাত বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাশন প্ৰতিষ্ঠানে নিজৰ প্ৰকাশিত গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰদৰ্শন আৰু বিক্ৰী কৰাৰ লগতে লেখক-পাঠক সাক্ষাৎ, গ্ৰন্থ উন্মোচন, আলোচনা-চক্ৰ, সাহিত্যিক অনুষ্ঠান, বক্তৃতা, কৰ্মশালা আদি বিভিন্ন কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nbtindia.gov.in/bookfairs/ | title=Mumbai Book Fair 2026 | accessdate=7 October 2026}}</ref> ছপাখানাৰ আৱিষ্কাৰৰ লগে লগে সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বত গ্ৰন্থৰ প্ৰচাৰ বাঢ়িবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে আৰু ইয়াৰ ফলত জ্ঞান-বিজ্ঞানৰ সীমা বিস্তৃত হ’বলৈ ধৰে। আগতে গ্ৰন্থ ৰচিত হৈছিল যদিও সেইবোৰ মুষ্টিমেয় মানুহৰ হাতত থুপ খাই আছিল। তাৰপৰা বাহিৰা মানুহ বৰ বিশেষ লাভৱান হ’ব পৰা নাছিল। এতিয়া বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন ঠাইত গ্ৰন্থ পাব পৰা হৈছে মুদ্ৰাযন্ত্ৰ আৰু যোগাযাগ ব্যৱস্থাৰ উন্নতিৰ কাৰণে গ্ৰন্থ সমূহে আমাক পঠনৰ এক সুন্দৰ অভিজ্ঞতা প্ৰদান কৰিব পাৰিছে৷।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/the-book-fair-crowd/article70755660.ece | title=The Book Fair Crowd | accessdate=7 October 2026}}</ref> ==গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ উদ্দেশ্য== গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ মূল উদ্দেশ্য হৈছে গ্ৰন্থ আৰু পাঠকৰ মাজত সংযোগ স্থাপন কৰা, পঠন-সংস্কৃতিৰ বিকাশ ঘটোৱা আৰু গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশন তথা সাহিত্য-সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰসাৰ সাধন কৰা। ইয়াত বিভিন্ন বিষয়ৰ সাহিত্য, ইতিহাস, বিজ্ঞান, দৰ্শন, শিশু সাহিত্য, শিক্ষামূলক গ্ৰন্থ, অভিধান আৰু গৱেষণামূলক গ্ৰন্থ আদি একে স্থানতে উপলব্ধ হয়। বিশেষকৈ নতুন লেখক আৰু প্ৰকাশকসকলৰ বাবে গ্ৰন্থমেলা নিজৰ সৃষ্টি আৰু প্ৰকাশন জনসাধাৰণৰ মাজলৈ লৈ যোৱাৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাধ্যম। বিশ্বৰ বিভিন্ন দেশত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ গ্ৰন্থমেলা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। [[ভাৰত]]তো বিভিন্ন ৰাজ্য আৰু মহানগৰত বৃহৎ পৰিসৰত গ্ৰন্থমেলা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। [[অসম]]ত [[অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদ]]ৰ গ্ৰন্থমেলা, [[গুৱাহাটী]] গ্ৰন্থমেলা আদি অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে অসমীয়া ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ লগতে অন্যান্য ভাষাৰ গ্ৰন্থৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু বিক্ৰী কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://publicationboardassam.com/book-fair/ | title=অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদৰ ৱেবচাইট | accessdate=7 October 2026}}</ref> গ্ৰন্থমেলাসমূহে কেৱল গ্ৰন্থ বিক্ৰীৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতেই নহয়, সমাজত পঠন অভ্যাস, জ্ঞানচৰ্চা আৰু সাহিত্য-সংস্কৃতিৰ পৰিৱেশ গঢ়ি তোলাতো গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰদ্বাৰা সমাজৰ সকলো শ্ৰেণীৰ লোক উপকৃত হ’ব পাৰে বিশেষকৈ ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰী তথা বিভিন্ন প্ৰতিযোগিতামূলক পৰীক্ষাৰ বাবে প্ৰস্তুতি চলাই থকা যুৱক-যুৱতীয়ে ইয়াত উপলব্ধ কিতাপ সংগ্ৰহ কৰি জ্ঞান আহৰণ কৰিব পাৰে৷ == গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ উৎপত্তি আৰু ইতিহাস == গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ ইতিহাসৰ সৈতে ছপাশালৰ বিকাশ আৰু [[ইউৰোপ]]ত মুদ্ৰিত গ্ৰন্থৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ ধাৰাটো ঘনিষ্ঠভাৱে জড়িত। [[জোহানছ গুটেনবাৰ্গ]]ৰ মুদ্ৰণ প্ৰযুক্তিৰ বিকাশৰ পিছত ইউৰোপৰ বিভিন্ন বাণিজ্যিক কেন্দ্ৰত গ্ৰন্থৰ প্ৰদৰ্শন আৰু বিক্ৰীৰ বাবে মেলা অনুষ্ঠিত হ'বলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। [[ফ্ৰেংকফুৰ্ট গ্ৰন্থমেলা]]ৰ পৰম্পৰা মধ্যযুগলৈকে বিস্তৃত। ফ্ৰেংকফুৰ্টত হাতেৰে লিখা গ্ৰন্থৰ বাণিজ্য ১২শ শতিকাৰ পৰাই চলি অহাৰ প্ৰমাণ পোৱা যায় আৰু ১৫শ শতিকাত ছপাশালৰ বিকাশৰ পিছত মুদ্ৰক আৰু প্ৰকাশকৰ গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ ৰূপ লয়। ১৪৬২ চনলৈকে ফ্ৰেংকফুৰ্টত মুদ্ৰক আৰু প্ৰকাশন-সম্পৰ্কীয় গ্ৰন্থবাণিজ্যৰ মেলা প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.buchmesse.de/en/history |website=Frankfurter Buchmesse |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> ভাৰতত আধুনিক গ্ৰন্থমেলা আন্দোলনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত [[নেচনেল বুক ট্ৰাষ্ট, ইণ্ডিয়া]] (NBT)ৰ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা আছে। ১৯৫৭ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত নেচনেল বুক ট্ৰাষ্টে দেশত গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশৰ লগতে গ্ৰন্থমেলা আৰু গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰদৰ্শনীৰ জৰিয়তে পঠন-সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰসাৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে। NBT-এ ১৯৬৪ চনত ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথমখন গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰদৰ্শনী অনুষ্ঠিত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction |url=https://www.nbtindia.gov.in/mePSP/nbtindia.gov.in/nbtindia.gov.in/aboutus__5__history.nbt |website=National Book Trust, India |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> ১৯৬৯ চনত NBT-ৰ উদ্যোগত বোম্বাইত (বৰ্তমান [[মুম্বাই]]) তৃতীয় ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ্ৰন্থমেলা অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। এই গ্ৰন্থমেলা ১৬ নৱেম্বৰৰ পৰা ৪ [[ডিচেম্বৰ]]লৈ অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite report |title=Annual Report 1969–70 |publisher=Government of India |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/52739/GIPE-132471.pdf |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> [[ভাৰত]]ৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গ্ৰন্থমেলা আন্দোলনৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাইলৰ খুঁটি হৈছে [[নতুন দিল্লী বিশ্ব গ্ৰন্থমেলা]]। ১৯৭২ চনৰ ১৮ মাৰ্চৰ পৰা ৪ [[এপ্ৰিল]]লৈ নতুন [[দিল্লী]]ৰ প্ৰগতি মৈদানত প্ৰথমখন নতুন [[দিল্লী]] বিশ্ব গ্ৰন্থমেলা অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Book Fair |url=https://www.utsav.gov.in/view-event/delhi-book-fair-1 |website=Utsav, Ministry of Tourism, Government of India |access-date=2026-10-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20261008060250/https://www.utsav.gov.in/view-event/delhi-book-fair-1 |archivedate=2026-10-08 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> নেচনেল বুক ট্ৰাষ্টৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি ১৯৭২ চনত আৰম্ভ হোৱা এই গ্ৰন্থমেলাই পিছলৈ এছিয়া-আফ্ৰিকা অঞ্চলৰ অন্যতম বৃহৎ গ্ৰন্থ-আয়োজন হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Introduction |url=https://www.nbtindia.gov.in/mePSP/nbtindia.gov.in/nbtindia.gov.in/aboutus__5__history.nbt |website=National Book Trust, India |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> [[আন্তৰ্জাতিক কলকাতা গ্ৰন্থমেলা]] ভাৰতৰ অন্যতম উল্লেখযোগ্য জনসাধাৰণমুখী গ্ৰন্থমেলা। ১৯৭৬ চনত [[Publishers and Booksellers Guild]]-ৰ উদ্যোগত এই গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ আৰম্ভণি হয়। ই মূলতঃ সাধাৰণ পাঠকৰ বাবে অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা এক ''non-trade book fair'' হিচাপে বিশেষ পৰিচিত। গ্ৰন্থমেলাখনে আন্তৰ্জাতিক পৰিসৰ লাভ কৰাৰ লগতে বৃহৎ সংখ্যক পাঠকক আকৰ্ষণ কৰি আহিছে। ২০২৬ চনৰ ৪৯সংখ্যক গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতো আয়োজকসকলে ইয়াক বিশ্বৰ সৰ্বাধিক উপস্থিতি থকা non-trade book festival হিচাপে উল্লেখ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Kolkata Book Fair |url=https://www.kolkatabookfair.net/ |website=Publishers and Booksellers Guild |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> গ্ৰন্থমেলাই গ্ৰন্থৰ ক্ৰয়-বিক্ৰয়ৰ লগতে লেখক-পাঠকৰ সংযোগ, নতুন গ্ৰন্থৰ উন্মোচন, সাহিত্যিক আলোচনা, প্ৰকাশক আৰু লেখকৰ মত-বিনিময়, পঠন-সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰসাৰ আৰু ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ প্ৰচাৰৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সাংস্কৃতিক মঞ্চ হিচাপেও ভূমিকা পালন কৰি আহিছে। == অসমত গ্ৰন্থমেলা == অসমত গ্ৰন্থমেলা আয়োজনৰ ইতিহাস [[অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদ]]ৰ গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশ আৰু সাহিত্য-সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ কাৰ্যসূচীৰ সৈতে জড়িত। অসম চৰকাৰে ১৯৫৮ চনৰ ২ মে' তাৰিখে [[অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদ]] প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। পৰিষদৰ অন্যতম উদ্দেশ্য আছিল [[অসম]]ত গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশ, সাহিত্যৰ প্ৰচাৰ আৰু অসমীয়া ভাষা-সংস্কৃতিৰ বিকাশ সাধন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=প্ৰকাশন |url=https://directorateofhighereducation.assam.gov.in/as/portlets/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8 |website=অসম চৰকাৰ, উচ্চ শিক্ষা সঞ্চালকালয় |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> [[অসম]]ত সংগঠিত গ্ৰন্থমেলা আন্দোলনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত [[গুৱাহাটী]] চহৰে বিশেষ ভূমিকা পালন কৰি আহিছে। অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদে [[নেচনেল বুক ট্ৰাষ্ট, ইণ্ডিয়া]]ৰ সহযোগত ১৯৮৪ চনত গুৱাহাটীত এখন জাতীয় পৰ্যায়ৰ গ্ৰন্থমেলা আয়োজন কৰে। অসম চৰকাৰৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি এই গ্ৰন্থমেলাখন সফল হৈছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ পিছত পৰিষদে ১৯৮৭ চনত কোনো বাহ্যিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ সহযোগিতা নোহোৱাকৈ প্ৰথম ''গুৱাহাটী গ্ৰন্থমেলা'' আয়োজন কৰে। ১৯৮৭ চনৰ পৰা [[গুৱাহাটী গ্ৰন্থমেলা]] নিয়মীয়াকৈ বাৰ্ষিক অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guwahati Book Fair |url=https://highereducation.assam.gov.in/portlets/publications |website=Government of Assam, Higher Education Department |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> [[গুৱাহাটী]] গ্ৰন্থমেলাত অসমৰ লগতে ভাৰতৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰ প্ৰকাশক আৰু গ্ৰন্থ বিক্ৰেতাই অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰি আহিছে। গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ সৈতে গ্ৰন্থ উন্মোচন, সাহিত্যিক আলোচনা, লেখক-পাঠকৰ মত-বিনিময়, সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠান আৰু সাহিত্যিকসকলক সন্মান জনোৱাৰ বিভিন্ন কাৰ্যসূচীও অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। ২০১৪ চনৰ পৰা অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদে গুৱাহাটী গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ সৈতে [[গুৱাহাটী সাহিত্য উৎসৱ]] আয়োজন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Publication |url=https://directorateofhighereducation.assam.gov.in/portlets/publication |website=Government of Assam, Directorate of Higher Education |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> গুৱাহাটী গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ উপৰি পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত অসমৰ বিভিন্ন জিলাতো গ্ৰন্থমেলা অনুষ্ঠিত হ'বলৈ ধৰে। [[অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদ]] আৰু [[সদৌ অসম পুথি প্ৰকাশক আৰু বিক্ৰেতা সন্থা]]ৰ উদ্যোগত বিভিন্ন স্থানত ''অসম গ্ৰন্থমেলা'' অনুষ্ঠিত হৈ আহিছে। এই গ্ৰন্থমেলাসমূহৰ জৰিয়তে ৰাজ্যখনৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলৰ পাঠক, লেখক, প্ৰকাশক আৰু গ্ৰন্থ বিক্ৰেতাৰ মাজত সংযোগ স্থাপন হৈছে আৰু পঠন-সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰসাৰত সহায় কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite news |title=অসম গ্ৰন্থমেলা এইবছৰ ৰাজ্যখনৰ মুঠ ৮ টা স্থানত আয়োজন কৰাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰহণ |url=https://newsonair.gov.in/as/assam-prakashan-prishad/ |work=আকাশবাণী নিউজ অন এয়াৰ |date=2025-08-13 |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> [[অসম]]ৰ গ্ৰন্থমেলাৰ পৰিসৰ ক্ৰমে [[ৰাজ্য]]ৰ [[নগৰ]] আৰু [[জিলা]] পৰ্যায়লৈ বিস্তৃত হৈছে। ইয়াৰ লগতে মহাবিদ্যালয়সমূহতো গ্ৰন্থমেলা আয়োজনৰ প্ৰচলন বৃদ্ধি পাইছে। ২০২৫ চনত অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদৰ উদ্যোগত ৰাজ্যৰ কেইবাখনো মহাবিদ্যালয়ত মহাবিদ্যালয় গ্ৰন্থমেলা অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |title=অসম প্ৰকাশন পৰিষদৰ উদ্যোগত ৰাজ্যৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তত মহাবিদ্যালয় গ্ৰন্থমেলা |url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/as/book-fair-3/ |work=ডিডি নিউজ অন এয়াৰ |date=2025-09-06 |access-date=2026-10-07}}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}}  [[শ্ৰেণী:গ্ৰন্থমেলা]] 36msk98ymwpovk2oe1jquw43onzgyd0 0 85813 646216 345280 2026-10-20T11:51:45Z ~2026-55886-21 52385 /* চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় */ 646216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = বীণা বাৰুৱতী | image =Ganga Chilonir Pakhi 1.JPG | image_size = 180px | alt = | caption = <small>গঙা চিলনীৰ পাখিৰ এটা দৃশ্যত বীণা বাৰুৱতী</small> | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = [[টীয়ক]], [[যোৰহাট জিলা|যোৰহাট]] | death_date = | death_place = | residence = | nationality = ভাৰতীয় | other_names = | ethnicity = <!-- Ethnicity should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | citizenship = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = অভিনয় শিল্পী | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = [[গঙা চিলনীৰ পাখি (চলচ্চিত্ৰ)|গঙা চিলনীৰ পাখি]] | style = | influences = | influenced = | home_town = | television = | title = | term = | religion = [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]] | spouse = মণি মেধি | partner = | children = প্ৰজ্ঞা পাৰমিতা | parents = বিৰিঞ্চি কুমাৰ বাৰুৱতী<br />নীৰবালা বাৰুৱতী | relatives = | awards = | signature = | website = <!-- {{URL|www.example.com}} --> | footnotes = }} '''বীণা বাৰুৱতী''' ({{lang-en|Bina Baruwati}}) এগৰাকী [[অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰ]]ৰ অভিনেত্ৰী। দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিক আৰু মঞ্চত অভিনয় কৰাৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ [[আকাশবাণী]]ৰ নাট্ বিভাগৰ এগৰাকী শিল্পী। [[পদুম বৰুৱা]] পৰিচালিত [[গঙা চিলনীৰ পাখি (চলচ্চিত্ৰ)|গঙা চিলনীৰ পাখি]] ছবিখনৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় চৰিত্ৰ বাসন্তীৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁক বিশেষভাবে জনা যায়।<ref name="ref-1" /> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== বীণা বাৰুৱতীৰ জন্ম হয় [[যোৰহাট জিলা]]ৰ [[টীয়ক]]ত। টীয়ক হাইস্কুল আৰু [[চন্দ্ৰ কমল বেজবৰুৱা মহাবিদ্যালয়|টীয়ক কলেজ]]ৰ পৰা তেওঁ স্কুলীয়া আৰু কলেজীয়া শিক্ষা আহৰণ কৰে। মুঠ পাঁচজন ল’ৰা-ছোৱালীৰ ভিতৰত বাৰুৱতী মাক-দেউতাকৰ দ্বিতীয় সন্তান আছিল। দেউতাক বিৰিঞ্চি কুমাৰ বাৰুৱতী এজন বৈষ্ণৱ পণ্ডিত আছিল আৰু তেওঁ [[শ্ৰীমন্ত শংকৰ সংঘ]]ৰ পদাধিকাৰৰ আসনত অধিস্থিত হৈছিল। মাক নীৰবালা বাৰুৱতী এগৰাকী সহজ-সৰল গৃহিণী। ঘৰখনত এটা সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিবেশ বিৰাজ কৰিছিল আৰু তাৰ প্ৰভাৱ বাৰুৱতীৰ জীৱনতো পৰিছিল। দেউতাকে বিচাৰিছিল জীয়েকে গীত গাওক। কিন্তু বাৰুৱতীৰ সংগীতত সিমান পাৰদৰ্শিতা নাছিল আৰু তেওঁ আগ্ৰহ অভিনয়ৰ প্ৰতিহে আছিল। টীয়ক কলেজত পঢ়ি থাকোঁতে কলেজ সপ্তাহত একাংকিকা নাটকত অভিনয় কৰি একেৰাহে চাৰিবছৰ তেওঁ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰীৰ খিতাপ পায়।<ref name="ref-1">{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYSQl4ZieVA | title=সাধক সুন্দৰৰ, খণ্ড-১, বীণা বাৰুৱতীৰ সৈতে সাক্ষাৎকাৰ | publisher=আকাশবাণী গুৱাহাটী | accessdate=11 February 2023 | author=সাক্ষাৎকাৰ লওতা-ইন্দ্ৰজিৎ দাস}}</ref> ==চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয়== বাৰুৱতীয়ে টিয়ক কলেজত পঢ়ি থকা অৱস্থাতে [[পদুম বৰুৱা]] আৰু [[লক্ষ্মীনন্দন বৰা]]ই [[গঙা চিলনীৰ পাখি (চলচ্চিত্ৰ)|গঙা চিলনীৰ পাখি]] ছবিখনৰ বাবে কেন্দ্ৰীয় চৰিত্ৰ ''বাসন্তী''ৰ বাবে এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ অনুসন্ধান কৰি আছিল। তেনেতে বাৰুৱতীহঁতৰ ঘৰৰ লগত ভাল সম্পৰ্ক থকা, [[যোৰহাট জিলা]]ৰ চেলেংহাট নামৰ এখন ঠাইৰ ব্যক্তি এজনে বীণা বাৰুৱতীৰ বিষয়ে পদুম বৰুৱাহঁতক জনায়। এদিন পৰিচালকগৰাকী তেওঁলোকৰ ঘৰ ওলাল আৰু দেউতাকৰ সন্মতি আদায় কৰিলে। তথাপি চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰাৰ বাবে মানুহে বা কি কয়, এনে কথাত বাৰুৱতী দোধোৰ-মোধোৰত পৰাত দেউতাকে কয় যে ‘যদি মানুহৰ কথা তুমি ভাবা, কোনোবাই মোৰ বদনাম গাব, তেতিয়া তুমি কেতিয়াও জীৱনত আগবাঢ়িব নোৱাৰা।’ ১৯৭০ চনত গঙা চিলনীৰ পাখিৰ শ্বুটিং আৰম্ভ হয়; কিন্তু আৰ্থিক দুৰৱস্থাৰ বাবে ছবিখন ১৯৭৬ চনতহে মুক্তি ভাল ব্যৱসায় কৰিব নোৱাৰা এই ছবিখনক পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ক্লাচিক চলচ্চিত্ৰ ৰূপে গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল।পায়।<ref name="ref-1" /> গঙা চিলনীৰ পাখি যদিও তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম চলচ্চিত্ৰ, মুক্তিৰ দিশৰ পৰা বিবেচনা কৰিলে তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম চলচ্চিত্ৰ ১৯৭১ চনত মুক্তি পোৱা [[সমৰেন্দ্ৰ নাৰায়ণ দেৱ]] পৰিচালিত [[অৰণ্য (চলচ্চিত্ৰ)|অৰণ্য]], য’ত তেওঁ এগৰাকী সহযোগী অভিনেত্ৰী ৰূপে এজনী নেপালী ছোৱালীৰ ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। তেওঁ প্ৰায় একুৰি চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছে। তেওঁৰ কেইখনমান ছবি হ’ল- [[বৰুৱাৰ সংসাৰ]], [[ৰিক্সাৱালা]], [[নিষিদ্ধ নদী]] (পৰিচালক- [[বিদ্যুৎ চক্ৰৱৰ্তী]]), [[মৎস্যগন্ধা(চলচ্চিত্ৰ)]](পৰিচালক- [[সঞ্জীৱ হাজৰিকা]]), [[সপোন (চলচ্চিত্ৰ)]] (পৰিচালক- ৰাজেন ৰাজখোৱ) '[[ককাদেউতাৰ ঘৰ জোঁৱাই]]', '[[সৰু বোৱাৰী]]','[[মৃগনাভি]]'আদি।<ref name="ref-1" /><ref name="arun">{{cite book | title=১০০ অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ কাহিনী আৰু গীত | publisher=শশী শিশু প্ৰকাশন, গুৱাহাটী | author=অৰুণলোচন দাস | year=২০১৩}}</ref> ==অন্যান্য মাধ্যমত== বাৰুৱতীয়ে [[অসম চৰকাৰ]]ৰ সাংস্কৃতিক সঞ্চালকায়ৰ নাট্ বিভাগত এগৰাকী অভিনয়-শিল্পী ৰূপে চাকৰিত যোগদান কৰে। প্ৰথমে তেওঁৰ চাকৰিটো অস্থায়ী আছিল যদিও পিছলৈ চাকৰিটো নিয়মীয়া কৰা হয়। ইয়াতে তেওঁ [[দুলাল ৰয়]]ৰ পৰিচালনাত বহু কেইখন উচ্চ মানৰ নাটকত অভিনয় কৰে। তেওঁ [[আকাশবাণী গুৱাহাটী]]ৰ নাট বিভাগৰ এগৰাকী অনুমোদিত শিল্পী আছিল। তাৰোপৰি তেওঁ বহু কেইখন দূৰদৰ্শন ধাৰাবাহিকতো অভিনয় কৰিছে।<ref name="ref-2">{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKb_JO3fSEk | title=সাধক সুন্দৰৰ, খণ্ড-২, বীণা বাৰুৱতীৰ সৈতে সাক্ষাৎকাৰ | publisher=আকাশবাণী গুৱাহাটী | accessdate=11 February 2023 | author=সাক্ষাৎকাৰ লওতা-ইন্দ্ৰজিৎ দাস}}</ref> ==পাৰিবাৰিক জীৱন== বীণা বাৰুৱতীৰ বিবাহ হয় মণি মেধিৰ সৈতে। মেধিক বাৰুৱতীয়ে গুৱাহাটীৰ ৰবীন্দ্ৰ ভৱনতে লগ পাইছিল। ৰবীন্দ্ৰ ভৱনত মঞ্চস্থ হোৱা ভোটাই ডেকা নামৰ নাটক এখনত পৰিচালক দুলাল ৰয়ে মেধিক কাষ্টিং কৰে, য’ত বাৰুৱতীয়েও অভিনয় কৰিছিল। দম্পতীহালৰ এজনী কন্যা সন্তান আছে, নাম প্ৰজ্ঞা পাৰমিতা।<ref name="ref-2" /> ==তথ্য উৎস== {{Reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{IMDb name|nm7363553}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমীয়া অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় মঞ্চ অভিনেত্ৰী]] 6a5861rngcrx20sk4rktsz5kol8kia3 0 98634 646110 601960 2026-10-19T18:49:48Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Species of flowering plant in the plantain family Plantaginaceae}} {{speciesbox |image = Plantago ovata form.jpg |genus = ইচবগুল |species = শিঙাবন |authority = [[Forssk.]] |synonyms = {{Specieslist |Plantago brunnea|Morris |Plantago fastigiata|Morris |Plantago gooddingii|A.Nels. & Kennedy |Plantago insularis|Eastw. |Plantago minima|A.Cunningham }} }} [[File:بارهنگ در آبپخش.jpg|thumb|Plantago ovata in [[Ab Pakhsh]]]] '''ইচবগুল''' বা '''শিঙাবন''' ('''[[বৈজ্ঞানিক নামকৰণ পদ্ধতি|বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম]]: Plantago Ovata''') ভূমধ্যসাগৰীয় অঞ্চলৰ স্থানীয়, মধ্য, পূব আৰু দক্ষিণ এছিয়া আৰু উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ এবিধ গুল্ম জাতীয় উদ্ভিদ।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plantago ovata in Flora of China @ efloras.org|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250095355|access-date=2020-12-07|website=www.efloras.org}}</ref> ইয়াৰ বিভিন্ন ইংৰাজী নাম আছে {{Hsp|যেনে|after=-}} ''ব্লণ্ড কেলেণ্টেইন'',<ref name=BSBI07>{{BSBI 2007 |access-date=2014-10-17 }}</ref> ''ডেজাৰ্ট ইণ্ডিয়ানৱেইট'',<ref>{{citation |url=http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PLOV |title=USDA PLANTS |access-date=10 June 2016 |archivedate=13 July 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713234833/http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PLOV }}</ref> ''ব্লণ্ড চাইলিয়াম'',<ref name=GRIN>{{citation |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=28790 |title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> ''ইছপাগোল''<ref name=GRIN/>কে ধৰি বহুতো সাধাৰণ নামেৰে জনাজাত। ই এক প্ৰকাৰৰ খাদ্য আঁহৰ চাইলিয়ামৰ সাধাৰণ উৎস।<ref>[https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/866.html Medlineplus. Blond psyllium (''Plantago ovata'')]</ref> চাইলিয়াম বীজৰ খোলা হজম নহয় আৰু ই দ্ৰৱণীয় আঁহৰ উৎস যিটো বিউটাইৰেট উৎপাদনকাৰী বেক্টেৰিয়াই বুটাইৰিক এচিড – এটা চুটি শৃংখলাযুক্ত ফেটি এচিড –লৈ কিম্বন কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="Jov">{{cite journal |display-authors=3| last1=Jovanovski | first1=Elena | last2=Yashpal | first2=Shahen | last3=Komishon | first3=Allison | last4=Zurbau | first4=Andreea | last5=Blanco Mejia | first5=Sonia | last6=Ho | first6=Hoang Vi Thanh | last7=Li | first7=Dandan | last8=Sievenpiper | first8=John | last9=Duvnjak | first9=Lea | last10=Vuksan | first10=Vladimir | title=Effect of psyllium (''Plantago ovata'') fiber on LDL cholesterol and alternative lipid targets, non-HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition | volume=108 | issue=5 | date=15 September 2018 | issn=0002-9165 | doi=10.1093/ajcn/nqy115 | pages=922–932|pmid=30239559| doi-access=free }}</ref> ইচবগুল হৈছে চাইলিয়ামযুক্ত বাণিজ্যিক সামগ্ৰীৰ বাবে আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় উৎস।<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Melton |editor-first=Laurence |title=Encyclopedia of Food Chemistry |publisher=Elsevier |year=2019 |isbn=978-0-12-814045-1 |location=Netherlands |page=62 |language=en}}</ref> == বিৱৰণ == ইচবগুল হৈছে গুল্ম জাতীয় উদ্ভিদ। ইয়াৰ ফুলৰ আকাৰ বৰ সৰু। গছৰ উচ্চতা গড় ২ ফুট মান হয়। ইয়াৰ ফলটো ৭-৮ মিলিমিটাৰ দীঘল হয় আৰু ফলটোৰ ভিতৰত ৩ মিলিমিটাৰ দীঘল বীজ থাকে। বীজটো দেখেবলৈ নাওৰ নিচিনা আৰু ইয়াৰ তুঁহ পিচল জাতীয় হয়। ই একপ্ৰকাৰৰ ৰবি শস্য বুলিব পাৰি কাৰণ ইয়াক হেমন্ত কালত সিচাঁ হয়। ইচবগুল বা শিঙাবনক ভাৰত আৰু ইয়াৰ চুবুৰীয়া দেশৰ প্ৰায় সকলো মানুহেই চিনি পায়। ইয়াৰ বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ ঔষধি গুণ আছে। ইয়াৰ আদি বাসস্থল ভূমধ্যসাগৰীয় অঞ্চলৰ দেশসমূহত। ইয়াৰোপৰি [[স্পেইন]], উত্তৰ [[আফ্ৰিকা]], [[পাকিস্তান]]ৰ সিন্ধ অঞ্চল, পশ্চিম [[এছিয়া|এছিয়া]], [[চীন]], [[ৰাছিয়া|ৰাছিয়া]] আদি দেশসমূহত পোৱা যায়। ইচবগুল বা শিঙাবন (Plantago)ৰ প্ৰায় ২০০ প্ৰজাতি আছে, যত প্ৰায় ১০ প্ৰজাতি ভাৰতত পোৱা যায়। পৃথিৱীত বাণিজ্যিকভাৱে যিসমূহ প্ৰজাতিৰ খেতি কৰা হয় তাৰ ভিতৰত ফ্ৰান্সৰ ক’লা বীজৰ প্লাণ্টাগো ইণ্ডিকা (Plantogo indica) স্পেনীয় প্লাণ্টাগো চিলিয়াম (Plantago psyllium) আৰু ভাৰতীয় বগা ৰঙৰ বীজ থকা ইচবগুল (Plantago Ovata)। == ঔষধি গুণাগুণ == ইচবগুল মানুহৰ শৰীৰৰ বাবে বৰ উপকাৰি। ইয়াৰ তুঁহ বিভিন্ন ৰোগ প্ৰতিৰোধ কৰোঁতে সহায় কৰে। * ইয়াত যি অদ্ৰৱণীয় বা দ্ৰৱণীয় খাদ্যৰ আঁহ থাকে সেয়া [[কোষ্ঠকাঠিন্য]] (Constipation)ৰ বাবে বৰ উপকাৰি। * [[ডায়েৰীয়া]] বা পাকস্থলীৰ বেমাৰ নিৰাময় কৰে। * [[এচিডিটি]]ৰ সমস্যা দূৰ কৰে। * শৰীৰ ওজন কমাত সহায় কৰে। * [[পাকস্থলী]]ৰ বৰ্জ্য পদাৰ্থ নিষ্কাশন কৰে আৰু খাদ্যবস্তু হজম হোৱাত সহায় কৰে। * [[হৃদৰোগ]]ৰ পৰা সুৰক্ষিত ৰাখে। * [[ডায়েবেটিচ|ডায়বেটিচ]] বা [[বহুমূত্ৰ ৰোগ]] নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ৰখাত সহায় কৰে। == ৰাসায়নিক উপাদান == * [[চাইলিয়াম]] ==তথ্যসমূহ== {{Reflist}} ==ব্যাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *[http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Plantago+ovata Plants For A Future: ''Plantago ovata''] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20220627081858/https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5625,5626,5636 Jepson Manual Treatment] *[http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Plantago+ovata Photo gallery] {{Commons}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q311228}} {{Plantaginaceae-stub}} [[শ্ৰেণী:উদ্ভিদজগত]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ উদ্ভিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ঔষধি উদ্ভিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় উদ্ভিদ]] o11u1s5b5n8vy1h5lxzwbnr052tzoos 0 99774 646171 391481 2026-10-20T02:01:20Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646171 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox brand | name = চিলন চাহ | logo = [[File:Ceylon Tea logo.png|250px]] | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | producttype = পানীয় | currentowner = শ্ৰীলংকা চাহ বোৰ্ড | producedby = | country = [[শ্ৰীলংকা]] | introduced = ১৮৬৭ | discontinued = | related = | markets = মধ্য প্ৰাচ্য, [[ৰাছিয়া]], [[চীন]], [[ইউৰোপিয়ান ইউনিয়ন]], [[ইউনাইটেড ষ্টেটছ]], [[জাপান]] | previousowners = টী প্ৰ'পাগেণ্ডা বোৰ্ড | trademarkregistrations = | ambassadors = | tagline = | website = [https://www.pureceylontea.com/ pureceylontea.com] | module = <!-- or: misc --> | module1 = <!-- or: misc1 --> | footnotes = }} '''চিলন চাহ''' ({{lang-en|Ceylon tea}}) [[শ্ৰীলংকা|শ্ৰীলংকাত]] উৎপাদিত [[চাহ|চাহৰ]] এবিধ ব্ৰেণ্ড। এই শব্দটোৱে ঐতিহাসিকভাৱে সেই দেশৰ চাহকো সূচায়। চিলন চাহক কেৱল ভৌগোলিক বৰ্ণনাকাৰী হিচাপেই নহয়, শ্ৰীলংকাৰ সংস্কৃতি, ঐতিহ্য আৰু পৰিচয়ৰ ঘাইখুঁ‌টা হিচাপেও বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Wijesinghe">{{cite journal |last1=Wijesinghe |first1=W. A. S. S. |title=The protection on geographical indications in developing countries: The case of Ceylon tea |journal=Balance - Multidisciplinary Law Journal |date=2015 |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=11 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308791023_THE_PROTECTION_ON_GEOGRAPHICAL_INDICATIONS_IN_DEVELOPING_COUNTRIES_THE_CASE_OF_CEYLON_TEA |access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> শ্ৰীলংকা চাহ ব’ৰ্ড চিলন চাহৰ লায়ন ল'গ' বা সিংহৰ চিহ্নৰ আইনী স্বত্বাধিকাৰী। ২০১৯ চনত শ্ৰীলংকা বিশ্বৰ চতুৰ্থ বৃহত্তম চাহ উৎপাদনকাৰী আৰু তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম চাহ ৰপ্তানিকাৰক দেশ আছিল।<ref name="ceylonteabrokers">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2019/20 |url=https://cdn.cse.lk/cmt/upload_report_file/923_1598870723048.pdf |publisher=Ceylon Tea Brokers |access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> ২০১৬ চনলৈকে লায়ন ল'গ' ৯৮খন দেশত পঞ্জীয়ন কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Annual Report">{{cite web |title=Annual Report 2016 |url=https://parliament.lk/uploads/documents/paperspresented/annual-report-srilanka-tea-board-2016.pdf |website=parliament.lk |publisher=Sri Lanka Tea Board |access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> চিলন চাহৰ উৎপাদন ব্যয় মূলতঃ মজুৰি, ইন্ধনৰ মূল্য আৰু উপযোগীতা ব্যয় বাঢ়ি যোৱাৰ বাবে বৃদ্ধিৰ সন্মুখীন হ'বলগীয়া হয়।<ref name="Hilal 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Hilal |first1=M. H. M. |title=Sri Lanka’s Tea Economy: Issues and Strategies |journal=Journal of Politics and Law |date=2020 |volume=13 |issue=1 |page=1 |doi=10.5539/jpl.v13n1p1 |url=http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jpl/article/view/0/41505 |access-date=5 February 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref> ===পেকেজিং=== চাহৰ পেকেটত লায়ন ল’গ’টো অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হ'বলৈ হ’লে ই চাৰিটা মাপকাঠী পূৰণ কৰিব লাগিব। ল'গ'টো কেৱল গ্ৰাহকৰ পেকতহে থাকিব লাগিব, পেকটোত ১০০ শতাংশ বিশুদ্ধ চিলন চাহ থাকিব লাগিব, ইয়াক শ্ৰীলংকাত পেক কৰিব লাগিব আৰু ইয়াৰ গুণগত মান শ্ৰীলংকা চাহ ব'ৰ্ডে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা মান অনুসৰি হ'ব লাগিব।<ref name="SLEDB">{{cite web |title=Tea from Sri Lanka |url=https://www.srilankabusiness.com/pdf/tea-ebrochures-1.pdf |website=srilankabusiness.com |publisher=Sri Lanka Export Development Board |access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> চিলন চাহ নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত উৎপাদনৰ বাবে স্বীকৃতিপ্ৰাপ্ত চাহ আৰু অধিক লাভ কৰিবলৈ ইয়াৰ মূল্য-পৰিশোধিত ৰূপত বিক্ৰী কৰিব লাগে। লায়ন ল'গ'ৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কেৱল অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰপ্ৰাপ্ত কোম্পানীসমূহৰ মাজত সীমিত কৰিলে চাহৰ মানদণ্ড নিশ্চিত হ'ব আৰু প্ৰমাণিত মানৰ সামগ্ৰীৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰা অধিক গ্ৰাহকক ই আকৰ্ষণ কৰিব বুলি ধাৰণা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Johnsson">{{cite book |last1=Johnsson |first1=S. |title=The green gold from Sri Lanka - An explorative research of the value chain of raw material in developing countries |date=2016 |publisher=School of Business and Economics at [[Linnaeus University]] |location=[[Småland]] |page=72 |url=https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:971300/FULLTEXT01.pdf |access-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> ===বজাৰ আৰু প্ৰতিযোগিতা=== [[File:Japanese Box of 100% Pure Ceylon Tea.jpg|thumb|চিলন চাহৰ জাপানী পেকেট]] "বিশুদ্ধ চিলন চাহ"ৰ দৰে বিশুদ্ধ চাহৰ বজাৰক এক নিৰ্দিষ্ট বজাৰ ({{lang-en|niche market}}) বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয় আৰু ই বিশ্বৰ বজাৰৰ মাত্ৰ ১০ শতাংশহে দখল কৰে।<ref name="Kelegama">{{cite book |last1=Kelegama |first1=S. |author1-link=Saman Kelegama |title=The case for liberalization of tea imports for increasing value addition and enhancing tea exports of Sri Lanka |date=March 2010 |publisher=Institute of Policy Studies |location=Colombo |page=8 |url=https://www.ips.lk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/tealib.pdf |access-date=5 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509111645/https://www.ips.lk/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/tealib.pdf |archivedate=9 May 2021}}</ref> তথ্য বিশ্লেষণ কৰিলে এই কথা প্ৰকাশ পায় যে শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বজাৰ অংশীদাৰিত্ব ক্ৰমাগতভাৱে হ্ৰাস পাই আহিছে। আনহাতে [[কেনিয়া|কেনিয়াৰ]] চাহৰ অংশীদাৰিত্ব অধিক হাৰত বৃদ্ধি পাই শ্ৰীলংকাৰ বজাৰ অংশীদাৰিত্বত প্ৰভাৱ পেলাই আহিছে।<ref name="Kithsiri">{{cite journal |last1=Kithsiri |first1=K.H.S. K. |last2=Jayamanna |first2=V.S. |last3=Abewickrama |first3=L. M. |title=Evaluation of Competitiveness of Ceylon Tea in the World Market |journal=Sri Lankan Journal of Agriculture and Ecosystems |date=June 2020 |volume=2 |issue=1 |page=89-98 |doi=10.4038/sljae.v2i1.31 |url=https://sljae.sljol.info/articles/abstract/10.4038/sljae.v2i1.31/ |access-date=5 February 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref> শ্ৰীলংকাৰ চাহ ৰপ্তানিৰ ৫০ শতাংশতকৈ অধিক এতিয়াও পৰম্পৰাগত সামূহিক চাহত থকাৰ বিপৰীতে মূল্য সংযোজিত চাহ ([[গ্ৰীণ টী|সেউজীয়া চাহ]], সোৱাদযুক্ত চাহ, জৈৱিক চাহ, তাৎক্ষণিক চাহ, আইচড টী, আৰু ৰেডি টু ড্ৰিংক টী) ৰপ্তানিয়ে মুঠ চাহ ৰপ্তানিৰ ৪০ৰ পৰা ৪৫ শতাংশ দখল কৰি আছে। কিন্তু সকলো ধৰণৰ মূল্য সংযোজিত চাহৰ সামগ্ৰীয়ে সমূহীয়া বুজন পৰিমাণৰ চাহ ৰপ্তানিতকৈ অধিক মূল্য দিয়ে।<ref name="Herath">{{cite journal |last1=Herath |first1=H.M.U.N. |last2=De Silva |first2=S. |title=Strategies for Competitive Advantage in Value Added Tea Marketing |journal=Tropical Agricultural Research |date=2011 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=251-262 |doi=10.4038/tar.v22i3.3698 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274687560_Strategies_for_Competitive_Advantage_in_Value_Added_Tea_Marketing |access-date=5 February 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref> চাহৰ প্ৰতি বিশ্বব্যাপী গ্ৰাহকৰ পছন্দ সলনি হৈছে আৰু সেয়েহে অধিক সুবিধাজনক চাহৰ সামগ্ৰীয়ে বিশ্বৰ বজাৰত ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান চাহিদা পূৰণ কৰে। শ্ৰীলংকাৰ চাহ উদ্যোগৰ প্ৰতিযোগিতামূলক সুবিধা থাকিলেও আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিপণন কাৰ্য্যকলাপত জড়িত হ'ব নোৱাৰাৰ বাবে ই সুবিধাৰ সদ্ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাত অসুবিধা পায়।<ref name="Hilal">{{cite journal |last1=Hilal |first1=M. I. M. |last2=Kaldeen |first2=M. |title=International Tea Marketing and Need for Reviving Sri Lankan Tea Industry |journal=Journal of Management |date=2016 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=36 |doi=10.4038/jm.v9i1.7563 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289335610_International_Tea_Marketing_and_Need_for_Reviving_Sri_Lankan_Tea_Industry |access-date=5 February 2021|doi-access=free }}</ref> ===পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা=== শ্ৰীলংকা চাহ ব'ৰ্ডে শ্ৰীলংকা ক্ৰিকেটৰ সৈতে ২০১৩ চনৰ জুন মাহৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি শ্ৰীলংকা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট দল আৰু শ্ৰীলংকা মহিলা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট দলৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা কৰিবলৈ চুক্তিবদ্ধ হয়<ref name="cricket">{{cite web |title=‘‘Ceylon Tea’’ - The Official Overseas Sponsor of Sri Lanka Cricket |url=http://www.srilankateaboard.lk/index.php/the-official-overseas-sponser-of-sri-lanka-cricket |website=srilankateaboard.lk |publisher=Sri Lanka Tea Board |access-date=5 February 2021 |archivedate=5 November 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105095156/http://www.srilankateaboard.lk/index.php/the-official-overseas-sponser-of-sri-lanka-cricket |deadurl=yes }}</ref> আৰু চিলন চাহে এতিয়াও ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দলসমূহৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা কৰি আছে। ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:পানীয়]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চাহ]] gn4oosoouhms0vjfggnzzoq78xobi0p 0 100083 646136 509679 2026-10-19T21:31:25Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{পোখালি}} [[চিত্ৰ:Pesticides_application_01.jpg|thumb|মাটিত কীটনাশক প্ৰয়োগ কৰা হৈছে ]] '''কীটনাশক''' হৈছে বিষাক্ত পদাৰ্থ যিয়ে পোক-পৰুৱা বিনাশ কৰাত সহায় কৰে। ৰাসায়নিক কীটনাশক মূলতঃ পোক-পৰুৱা নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ প্ৰয়োগে পোক-পৰুৱাৰ কণী আৰু পলু ধ্বংস কৰে। [[কৃষি|কৃষিকে ধৰি]] চিকিৎসা, উদ্যোগিক আৰু ঘৰুৱা কামত প্ৰয়োগ কৰা হয়। বিংশ শতিকাত কৃষি উৎপাদনশীলতা বৃদ্ধিৰ প্ৰধান নিয়ন্ত্ৰক হিচাপে কীটনাশকৰ ব্যৱহাৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰিত হোৱা বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা হয়। <ref>van Emden HF, Pealall DB (1996) Beyond Silent Spring, Chapman & Hall, London, 322pp.</ref> [[শাক-পাচলি|কীটনাশকৰ]] লগত মিহলি কৰা খাদ্যই প্ৰায়ে মানুহৰ ক্ষতি কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ব্যৱহৃত প্ৰায় সকলো ধৰণৰ কীটনাশকে পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত [[জৈৱ বৈচিত্ৰ্য|জৈৱ বৈচিত্ৰ্যৰ ওপৰত]] যথেষ্ট প্ৰভাৱ পেলোৱা বুলি ভবা হয়। বহু ধৰণৰ কীটনাশক দ্ৰব্য মানুহৰ বাবেও ক্ষতিকাৰক। কিছুমান কীটনাশকে খাদ্য শৃংখলতো প্ৰভাৱ পেলায়। [[নিক'টিন|নিকোটিন]], নিমৰ পৰা আহৰণ কৰা প্ৰাকৃতিকভাৱে পোৱা কীটনাশক, পোক-পৰুৱাৰ বিৰুদ্ধে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ|আমেৰিকা]] আৰু [[কানাডা|কানাডাকে]] ধৰি বিশ্বজুৰি নিকোটিন ভিত্তিক কীটনাশক এতিয়াও ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। কিন্তু [[ইউৰোপিয়ান ইউনিয়ন|ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ]] দেশসমূহত এনে কীটনাশকৰ ব্যৱহাৰ নিষিদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে। <ref>{{Cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616134211/http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/insect-mite/mevinphos-propargite/nicotine/nicotine_tol_1201.html |archivedate=2014-06-16 |title="nicotine Proposed Revocation of Tolerances 12/01". Pmep.cce.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2011-01-05. |url=http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/insect-mite/mevinphos-propargite/nicotine/nicotine_tol_1201.html |access-date=2023-11-21 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> ধাতুৰ যৌগ আৰু আৰ্চেনেট, তাম আৰু ফ্ল'ৰিন যৌগৰে অ-হাৰ্বিচাইড প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয় য'ত প্ৰায়ে চালফাৰ থাকে। == বিক্ৰী == ২০১৬ চনত বিশ্বজুৰি কীটনাশক বিক্ৰীৰ ১৮% কীটনাশক ঔষধৰ পৰিমাণ বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="UN_FAO_2016">FAO (2016). ''FAOSTAT: Pesticides Use''. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 13 May 2020.</ref> ২০১৮ চনত বিশ্বজুৰি কীটনাশকৰ বিক্ৰী ১৮.৪ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰ বুলি অনুমান কৰা হৈছিল, ইয়াৰে ২৫% নিওনিকোটিন'ইড, ১৭% পাইৰেথ্ৰ'ইড, ১৩% ডাইএমাইড, আৰু বাকীবোৰ আন বহুতো শ্ৰেণীৰ যিবোৰ বজাৰৰ ১০%তকৈ কম মূল্যত বিক্ৰী হৈছিল।<ref name="Statista_2018">Statista (2019). ''Insecticide Market Worldwide by Product Type''. Retrieved 13 May 2020.</ref> == কৃত্ৰিম কীটনাশক == কৃত্ৰিম বা ৰাসায়নিক কীটনাশক প্ৰাকৃতিকভাৱে পোৱা নগৈ, মানৱসৃষ্ট যৌগ যিবোৰ পোক-পৰুৱা হত্যা বা নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। এইবোৰত সাধাৰণতে অৰ্গেনোফছফেট, কাৰ্বামেট, পাইৰেথ্ৰ'ইড, আৰু নিওনিকোটিন'ইড সমূহ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। এই কীটনাশকে অধিক ক্ষিপ্ৰ আৰু ব্যাপক কাৰ্যক্ষমতা দেখুৱায়, কিন্তু ইয়াৰ অধিক পৰিমাণত ব্যৱহাৰে পৰিবেশৰ ওপৰত নেতিবাচক প্ৰভাৱ পেলাব পাৰে।<ref name="SyntheticUse">Ware, G.W. & Whitacre, D.M. (2004). ''The Pesticide Book'' (6th ed.). MeisterPro Information Resources. pp. 12–34.</ref> == জীৱবৈজ্ঞানিক কীটনাশক == জীৱবৈজ্ঞানিক কীটনাশক বা বায়'পেষ্টিচাইড হৈছে পোক-পৰুৱাৰ ওপৰত প্ৰাকৃতিকভাৱে প্ৰাপ্ত জীৱাণু, উদ্ভিদ-উৎপন্ন পদাৰ্থ, বা অন্যান্য প্ৰাকৃতিক উপাদানৰ পৰা তৈয়াৰ কৰা কীটনাশক। ই সাধাৰণতে বাছনি কাৰ্যক্ষমতা আৰু কম পৰিবেশ দূষণ সৃষ্টি কৰাৰ বাবে জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ উঠিছে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে ব্যাক্টেৰিয়া (যেনে Bacillus thuringiensis), ছাৰি, ভাইৰাছ, আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক ফাংগাছ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Biopesticides_FAO">FAO (2017). ''Biopesticides: Facts and Trends''. Retrieved 17 May 2025, from Food and Agriculture Organization website.</ref> == পৰিবেশগত বিষাক্ততা == কীটনাশকৰ ব্যৱহাৰে পানী, মাটি, আৰু বায়ুৰ বিষাক্ততা বৃদ্ধি কৰিব পাৰে। বিশেষকৈ কৃত্ৰিম কীটনাশকে অ-লক্ষ্য জীৱক ক্ষতি কৰে, জলজ জীৱৰ মৃত্যুৰ বাবে দায়ী হয়, আৰু খাদ্য শৃংখলাত বিষৰ সঞ্চালন ঘটায়। এই সংকটৰ বাবে বহুতো দেশত নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু বিকল্প ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Toxicity_UNEP">UNEP (2013). ''Global Chemicals Outlook''. United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved 17 May 2025.</ref> == বিকল্প == পোক-পৰুৱাৰ ফলত শস্যৰ ক্ষতিৰ পৰা হাত সাৰিবলৈ ৰাসায়নিক কীটনাশক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে এতিয়া বহুতো বিকল্প বিকল্প উপলব্ধ যিয়ে কৃষকক বৃহৎ অৰ্থনৈতিক ক্ষতিৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="Ehlers_2011">Ehlers, R. U. (2011). "Alternatives to Chemical Control of Insect Pests". In: Glare & Moran (Eds.) ''Biopesticides: A Practical Handbook''. Springer. pp. 95–110.</ref> ইয়াৰে কিছুমান হ'ল— * কীট-পতংগৰ আক্ৰমণ প্ৰতিৰোধী বা অন্ততঃ কম সংবেদনশীল প্ৰজনন শস্য।<ref name="ResistantCrops">Kennedy, G.G. & Barbour, J.D. (1992). "Resistance in crop plants". In: Levin, M. D. (Ed.) ''Pest Management''. Prentice Hall.</ref> * জৈৱিক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ প্ৰকাৰ হিচাপে কীট-পতংগৰ জনসংখ্যা নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিবলৈ শিকাৰু, পৰজীৱী বা ৰোগ সৃষ্টিকাৰী জীৱাণু মুকলি কৰা।<ref name="BiologicalControl">van Lenteren, J.C. (2000). "Success in biological control of arthropods by augmentation of natural enemies". In: Gurr & Wratten (Eds.) ''Biological Control: Measures of Success''. Springer.</ref> * ৰাসায়নিক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ যেনে ফেৰ’মন পথাৰত মুকলি কৰি পোক-পৰুৱাক বিভ্ৰান্ত কৰি সংগী বিচাৰি উলিয়াব নোৱাৰি বংশবৃদ্ধি কৰিব নোৱাৰিব।<ref name="PheromoneConfusion">Witzgall, P., Kirsch, P. & Cork, A. (2010). "Sex pheromones and their impact on pest management". ''Journal of Chemical Ecology'', 36(1): 80–100.</ref> * সংহত কীট ব্যৱস্থাপনা : অনুকূল ফলাফল লাভ কৰিবলৈ একাধিক কৌশল একেলগে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা।<ref name="IPM_FAO">FAO (2012). ''Integrated Pest Management''. Retrieved 13 May 2020.</ref> * পুছ-পুল কৌশল : কীট-পতংগটোক বিকৃত কৰা "ঠেলি" শস্যৰ সৈতে আন্তঃশস্য, আৰু সীমাত "টানি" শস্য ৰোপণ কৰা যিয়ে ইয়াক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে আৰু ফান্দত পেলায়।<ref name="PushPull">Cook, S.M., Khan, Z.R. & Pickett, J.A. (2007). "The use of push–pull strategies in integrated pest management". ''Annual Review of Entomology'', 52: 375–400.</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী: কৃষি]] ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== i1r0kwwd0ulu8ucf4tz9ibipv1sqsnn 0 100118 646120 624435 2026-10-19T20:44:44Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = কাউৰী (House crow) | image = House crow.jpg | image_caption = [[পাতিকাউৰী]] (''Corvus splendens'') | image2 = Corvus splendens.ogg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Corvus splendens'' |volume=2018 |page=e.T22705938A131944731 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22705938A131944731.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | genus = Corvus | species = splendens | authority = [[Louis Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]], 1817 | range_map = Corvus_splendens_map.jpg }} '''কাউৰী (''' {{Lang-en|Crow}} ''')''' কৰ্ভিডে [[পৰিয়াল (জীৱবিদ্যা)|পৰিয়ালৰ]] অন্তৰ্গত এটা প্ৰজাতি চৰাই। কাউৰী সকলো গ্ৰীষ্মমণ্ডলীয় মহাদেশত ( [[দক্ষিণ আমেৰিকা|দক্ষিণ আমেৰিকাৰ]] বাহিৰে) আৰু কেইবাটাও দ্বীপ অঞ্চলত বিস্তৃত। ''কৰ্ভাছ'' [[গণ (জীৱবিদ্যা)|প্ৰজাতিৰ]] প্ৰায় ৪০টা ভিন্ন [[প্ৰজাতি (জীৱবিদ্যা)|প্ৰজাতিৰ]] কাউৰী আছে। কৰ্ভিডে প্ৰজাতিৰ প্ৰায় এক তৃতীয়াংশ বিভিন্ন প্ৰজাতিৰ কাউৰীৰে গঠিত। বেছিভাগ কাউৰীৰ ৰং ক’লা। কাউৰীৰ উৎপত্তি মধ্য [[এছিয়া|এছিয়াত]] হৈছিল। তাৰ পৰাই [[উত্তৰ আমেৰিকা]], [[আফ্ৰিকা]], [[ইউৰোপ]] আৰু [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া|অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়ালৈ]] বিয়পি পৰে। কাউৰীক পৃথিৱীৰ আটাইতকৈ চতুৰ চৰাই বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। কেৱল সেয়াই নহয়, ইহঁতক [[প্ৰাণী|প্ৰাণী জগতৰ]] অন্যতম চতুৰ প্ৰাণী বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। <ref name="pbs">{{Cite web|url=http://video.pbs.org/video/1621910826/|title=A Murder of Crows|date=2010-10-24|work=Nature|publisher=PBS video|accessdate=6 February 2011|quote=''New research indicates that crows are among the brightest animals in the world.''|archivedate=2012-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029100556/http://video.pbs.org/video/1621910826|deadurl=yes}}</ref> আধুনিক গৱেষণাই দেখুৱাইছে যে কাউৰীয়ে কেৱল যন্ত্ৰপাতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাই নহয়, যন্ত্ৰ নিৰ্মাণতো পাকৈত। ==আচৰণ== '''সমূহীয়া বৈঠক''' প্ৰজনন নকৰা মাহত, বিশেষকৈ শীতকালতে ২০০ৰ পৰা হাজাৰ হাজাৰ কাউৰী সমূহীয়া বৈঠক মিলিত হয়৷ এই সমাৱেশবোৰ জাবৰ পেলোৱা ঠাই আৰু শ্বপিং চেণ্টাৰৰ দৰে বৃহৎ খাদ্যৰ উৎসৰ ওচৰত হোৱাৰ প্ৰৱণতা থাকে।<ref>Caccamise, D., Reed, L. and Stouffer, P. (1997). Roosting Behavior and Group Territoriality in American Crows. The Auk, 114(4), 628-637.</ref> '''খেল''' খেলি থকা কাউৰীৰ অগণন কাণ্ড লিপিৱদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে‍। বহুতো আচৰণবিদে বুদ্ধিমান প্ৰাণীৰ জীৱনত খেলা-ধূলাক এক অপৰিহাৰ্য গুণ হিচাপে লয়।<ref>Bekoff, Mark & Byers, John (1998). ''Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative and Ecological Perspectives''.</ref> '''মাত''' কাউৰী আৰু এই প্ৰজাতিৰ আন সদস্যসকলে বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ মাত বা কণ্ঠস্বৰ উলিয়ায়৷<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Selected Vocalizations of the Common Crow|url = https://archive.org/details/sim_auk_1971-07_88_3/page/613|journal = The Auk|volume = 88|issue = 3|pages = 613–634|jstor = 4083753|last1 = Chamberlain|first1 = Dwight R|last2 = Cornwell|first2 = George W|year = 1971}}</ref> কাউৰীয়েও আন প্ৰজাতিৰ মাতৰ প্ৰতি সঁহাৰি জনোৱা দেখা গৈছে; অনুমানিকভাৱে, এই আচৰণ শিকিব পাৰে‍ কাৰণ ই আঞ্চলিকভাৱে ভিন্ন হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Can Crows Talk Like Parrots, can Crows Mimic Human Voice – Science Facts |url=https://www.science-facts.com/can-crows-talk/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203192911/https://www.science-facts.com/can-crows-talk/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2023-02-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203192911/https://www.science-facts.com/can-crows-talk/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> কাউৰীৰ কণ্ঠস্বৰ জটিল আৰু ভালদৰে বুজিব পৰা হোৱা নাই। কাউৰীয়ে মতা বহু মাতৰ ভিতৰত কিছুমান হৈছে "কাউৱ", সাধাৰণতে চৰাইৰ মাজত আগলৈ পিছলৈ প্ৰতিধ্বনিত হয়, দীঘলীয়া কা আৰু তাৰ পিছত চুটি কা (সাধাৰণতে চৰাই এটাই এঠাইৰ পৰা উৰা মাৰিলে মতা মাত), এটা প্ৰতিধ্বনিৰ দৰে "এহ-আউ" শব্দ, আৰু অধিক। এই কণ্ঠস্বৰ প্ৰজাতি অনুসৰি ভিন্ন হয় আৰু প্ৰতিটো প্ৰজাতিৰ ভিতৰত আঞ্চলিকভাৱে ভিন্ন হয়। বহু প্ৰজাতিৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত চৌপাশৰ পৰিঘটনা (যেনে কাউৰীৰ আগমন বা প্ৰস্থান)ৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়াত অসংখ্য কণ্ঠস্বৰৰ আৰ্হি আৰু সংখ্যা সলনি হোৱা দেখা গৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=birdy |date=2022-05-06 |title=Can crows talk like parrots? (Facts + Video) |url=https://birdsology.com/can-crows-talk/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=birdsology |language=en-US |archivedate=2023-05-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513145539/https://birdsology.com/can-crows-talk/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==খাদ্য== কাউৰী সৰ্বভোজী, আৰু ইহঁতৰ খাদ্য অতি বৈচিত্ৰ্যময়। ইহঁতে আন চৰাই, ফল-মূল, বাদাম, মলস্ক, কেঁচু, গুটি, বেং, কণী, বাহৰ পোৱালি, নিগনি, গেলা-পচা মাংস আদি প্ৰায় যিকোনো খাদ্য খায়। শস্যৰ পথাৰত পোক খাবৰ বাবে কাউৰীক ৰখীয়া হিচাপে থোৱা ব্যৱস্থাৰ উৎপত্তি কাউৰীয়ে কৰা অবিৰত ক্ষতিৰ ফলত সূচনা হৈছিল, যদিও কাউৰীয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ শস্যৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত পোক-পৰুৱা খাই কৃষকক সহায় কৰে।<ref>[http://www.crowbusters.com/facts.htm Crow Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009013506/http://www.crowbusters.com/facts.htm |date=9 October 2014 }}. crowbusters.com</ref> ==প্ৰজনন== মাইকী কাউৰীয়ে‍ তিনি বছৰ আৰু মতা কাউৰীয়ে‍ পাঁচ বছৰ বয়সত যৌন পৰিপক্কতা লাভ কৰে। এবাৰত প্ৰায় তিনিৰ পৰা নটা কণী উমনি দিয়ে‍, আৰু উমনি কাল ২০ৰ পৰা ৪০ দিনৰ ভিতৰত হয়। কাউৰীয়ে সাধাৰণতে আজীৱন সংগম কৰিলেও অতিৰিক্ত যোৰৰ সংগম অস্বাভাৱিক নহয় <ref>https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/wildlife/files/2019/03/SWAP-2015-Alala-Final.pdf Forest Birds - Corvus hawaiiensis</ref><ref>https://unipub.uni-graz.at/obvugrhs/content/titleinfo/2679337/full.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517133225/https://unipub.uni-graz.at/obvugrhs/content/titleinfo/2679337/full.pdf |date=2024-05-17 }} The quality of breeding-pair relationships in ravens and crows</ref> আৰু আগৰ বছৰৰ পোৱালিবোৰে প্ৰায়ে বাহ সজা যোৰক এটা বাহ ৰক্ষা কৰাত সহায় কৰে আৰু বাহৰ পোৱালিক খাদ্য খুৱাই।<ref>Allaboutbirds.org, (2014). American Crow. [online] Available at: http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/american_crow/lifehistory</ref> চহৰ অঞ্চলতে মানুহৰ দ্বাৰা ব্যৱহৃত সামগ্ৰীৰে কাউৰীয়ে বাহ সজাৰ ফলত বাহৰ জটিলতা বাঢি়ছে‍ আৰু দুৰ্বল পুষ্টিৰ বাবে বৃদ্ধি স্তব্ধ হোৱাৰ দৰে ভাবুকিৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছে৷<ref>Andrea K Townsend and Christopher M Barker (2014). Plastic and the Nest Entanglement of Urban and Agricultural Crows. Heiss, R., Clark, A. and McGowan, K. (2009).</ref><ref>Growth and nutritional state of American crow nestlings vary between urban and rural habitats. ''Ecological Applications'', 19(4), 829-839.</ref> ==আয়ুস আৰু ৰোগ== কিছুমান কাউৰী ২০ বছৰ বয়সলৈকে জীয়াই থাকে আৰু বনাঞ্চলত আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি আমেৰিকান কাউৰীটোৰ বয়স আছিল প্ৰায় ৩০ বছৰ৷<ref>McGowan, K.J. [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/crowfaq.htm#longevity "Frequently Asked Questions About Crows"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126130244/http://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/crowfaq.htm#longevity |date=2021-01-26 }}, Cornell Lab of Ornithology</ref> আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি নথিভুক্ত বন্দী কাউৰীটোৰ মৃত্যু হয় ৫৯ বছৰ বয়সত।<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/07/AR2006070700860.html Crow Believed to Be Oldest in World Dies]. Associated Press via ''Washington Post'' (7 July 2006)</ref> শেহতীয়াকৈ উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাত যোগ দিয়া পশ্চিম নীল ভাইৰাছৰ প্ৰতি আমেৰিকাৰ কাউৰী অতিশয় সংৱেদনশীল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cidd.psu.edu/research/synopses/why-west-nile-virus-kills-so-many-crows |title=Why West Nile virus kills so many crows |department=Penn State Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611234544/http://www.cidd.psu.edu/research/synopses/why-west-nile-virus-kills-so-many-crows |archive-date=2010-06-11 |access-date=2024-12-27 |archivedate=2010-06-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611234544/http://www.cidd.psu.edu/research/synopses/why-west-nile-virus-kills-so-many-crows |deadurl=yes }}</ref> সাধাৰণতে আমেৰিকান কাউৰীয়ে এই ৰোগত আক্ৰান্ত হোৱাৰ এসপ্তাহৰ ভিতৰতে মৃত্যুমুখত পৰে আৰু অতি কম সংখ্যকেহে এই ৰোগৰ সংস্পৰ্শলৈ আহি জীয়াই থাকে। ==চিত্ৰশালা== <gallery> Corbeau branche Kyo.jpg Flying Crow.jpg CrowWastebag.jpg Raven scavenging on a dead shark.jpg The-Twa-Corbies.jpg Corvus corax (FWS).jpg কাউৰী.jpg </gallery> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কাউৰী]] 5cpdjvak8zcn22b5p2el3y31zs895ee 0 101210 646177 420394 2026-10-20T02:57:22Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=নৱাব বাহাদুৰ|honorific_suffix=CIE|name=চৈয়দ নবাব আলি চৌধুৰী|native_name=সৈয়দ নওয়াব আলী চৌধুরী|native_name_lang=bn|image=Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury.JPG|image_size=|caption=|office=ধানবাৰীৰ নবাব|term_start=১৯১১|term_end=১৭ এপ্ৰিল ১৯২৯|predecessor=চৈয়দ জনাব আলি চৌধুৰী|birth_date={{birth date|1863|12|29|df=y}}|birth_place=ধানবাৰী, টাংগাইল, [[ব্ৰিটিছ ভাৰত]]|death_date={{death date and age|1929|4|17|1863|12|29|df=y}}|death_place=[[দাৰ্জিলিং]], [[ব্ৰিটিছ ভাৰত]]|occupation=শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰী|children=আলতাফ আলী চৌধুৰী<br>চৈয়দ হাচান আলী চৌধুৰী|relatives=মহম্মদ আলী বগৰা (নাতি)<br>চৈয়দা আশ্বিকা আকবৰ (নাতিনী)}} '''চৈয়দ নবাব আলী চৌধুৰী''' ({{Lang-bn|সৈয়দ নওয়াব আলী চৌধুরী}}, ২৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৮৬৩ – ১৭ এপ্ৰিল ১৯২৯) আছিল পূব বংগৰ (বৰ্তমান [[বাংলাদেশ]]) টাংগাইলস্থিত ধনবাৰীৰ নবাব।<ref name=blp>{{cite web|last1=Salam|first1=Muhammad Abdus|title=Chowdhury, Nawab Ali|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chowdhury,_Nawab_Ali|website=Banglapedia|access-date=8 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709113210/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chowdhury,_Nawab_Ali|archivedate=9 July 2015|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তেওঁ ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অন্যতম প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক <ref name="born">{{cite web | url=https://www.bornglorious.com/person/?pi=13060128 | title=Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury | publisher=bornglorious | accessdate=7 January 2024}}</ref>আছিল। তেওঁ সংযুক্ত বংগৰ প্ৰথম মুছলমান মন্ত্ৰী। তেওঁ শিক্ষা বিভাগৰ দায়িত্ব চম্ভালিছিল। তেওঁৰ নাতি মহম্মদ আলী বগ্ৰা আছিল [[পাকিস্তান]]ৰ তৃতীয় প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী। আনহাতে তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ চৈয়দ হাছান আলী চৌধুৰী পূব পাকিস্তান চৰকাৰৰ মন্ত্ৰী আৰু দ্বিতীয় বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় সংসদৰ সাংসদ আছিল। <ref name="Today">{{cite news|last1=Salam|first1=Muhammad Abdus|title=In Memory of Nawab Bahadur Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury|url=http://www.newstoday.com.bd/?option=details&news_id=2411411&date=2015-05-17|access-date=8 July 2015|work=The News Today|date=17 April 2015|archivedate=9 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709144504/http://www.newstoday.com.bd/?option=details&news_id=2411411&date=2015-05-17|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name="DS">{{cite web | url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-85030 | title=A gentleman of the old school | publisher=thedailystar | accessdate=7 January 2024}}</ref> == জন্ম আৰু শৈশৱ == টাংগাইলৰ ধনবাৰীত জমিদাৰ পৰিয়ালত নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীয়ে জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। জন্মৰ ২৫০ বছৰ আগতে তেওঁৰ প্ৰাক্তন দাদা শ্বাহ চৈয়দ খুদা বখছে ধনবাৰীত বসতি স্থাপন কৰিছিল। নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীক শৈশৱতে তেওঁৰ ঘৰুৱা শিক্ষকৰ দ্বাৰা আৰবী, পাৰ্চী, বাংলা ভাষা শিকোৱা হৈছিল। ৰাজশাহি কলেজিয়েট স্কুললৈ গৈ পিছলৈ তেওঁ ছেইণ্ট জেভিয়াৰ্ছ কলেজৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="blp" /> == সাহিত্য == চৈয়দ নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীয়ে ১৮৯৫ চনৰ পৰা ১৯০৪ চনলৈ সাহিত্য আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক কামত নিয়োজিত হৈ পৰে। ১৮৯৫ চনত ''মিহিৰ'' আৰু ''শুধাকৰ'' নামৰ কাকত দুখন একত্ৰিত কৰি ‘’মিহিৰ-শুধাকৰ’’ কৰা হয়। কাকতখনৰ মালিক আছিল নবাব আলী চৌধুৰী। তাৰ বাবে তেওঁ প্ৰেছ কিনি কলিকতাৰ নিজৰ ঘৰত সেয়া সাজু কৰি ল'লে। তেওঁ মহম্মদ শ্বাহিদুল্লাহ, ৰিয়াজুদ্দিন আহমেদ আল-মাছহাদী, কবি মোজাম্মেল হকৰ কামত তেওঁ অৰিহণা যোগাইছিল। এই লেখকসকলে তেওঁলোকৰ কিছু সৃষ্টি নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীৰ নামত উৎসৰ্গা কৰিছিল। তেওঁ কিছুসংখ্যক কিতাপো লিখিছে। সেয়া হৈছে: * ঈদ উল আজহা (১৮৯০) * মৌলুদ শ্বৰীফ (১৯০৩) * বংগত আঞ্চলিক ভাষা শিক্ষা (১৯০০) * গ্ৰাম্য অঞ্চলৰ প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা (১৯০৬) * ইমাম আল-গাজ্জালিৰ কিছু নৈতিক আৰু ধৰ্মীয় শিক্ষা (১৯২০) == ৰাজনীতিত প্ৰৱেশ == [[বংগ বিভাজন (১৯০৫)|বংগ বিভাজন]]ৰ পিছত চৈয়দ নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীয়ে ৰাজনীতিত সক্ৰিয়ভাৱে অংশ লৈছিল। নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীয়ে এটা সৰ্বভাৰতীয় মুছলমান ৰাজনৈতিক সংগঠনৰ গুৰুত্ব উপলব্ধি কৰিলে। তেওঁ নিৰক্ষৰতাক মুছলমানসকল পিছপৰাৰ কাৰণ বুলি গৰিহণা দিছিল।<ref name="Today" /> === ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্ৰতিষ্ঠা === [[চিত্ৰ:Gate_of_dhanbari_Nawab_institution_founded_on_1910.jpg|thumb|১৯১০ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱা ধনবাৰী নবাব প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ প্ৰৱেশ-দ্বাৰ]] ১৯১১ চনৰ ২৯ আগষ্টত লেনচেট উত্তৰাধিকাৰীৰ বিদায় আৰু চাৰ্লছ বেইলীৰ অভ্যৰ্থনা অনুষ্ঠানত নবাব চেলিমুল্লাহ আৰু নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীয়ে ঢাকাত এখন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় স্থাপনৰ দাবী জনায়। ১৯১২ চনৰ ৩১ জানুৱাৰীত লৰ্ড হাৰ্ডিংগে ঢাকাত থকাৰ সময়ত নবাব চেলিমুল্লাহ আৰু নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীকে ধৰি ১৯ জনীয়া এখন সমিতিয়ে তেওঁক লগ কৰি বুজাই দিয়ে যে বংগৰ পুনৰ একত্ৰীকৰণৰ বাবে মুছলমানসকলে কেনেধৰণৰ ক্ষতি কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ বাবে ১৩ জনীয়া নাথান কমিটি গঠন কৰা হয় আৰু নবাব আলী চৌধুৰী ইয়াৰ সদস্য হয়।<ref name="blp" /> এই সমিতিৰ অধীনত ৬খন উপ-সমিতি গঠন কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ এইসমূহ সমিতিৰো সদস্য আছিল। ১৯১৪ চনত [[প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]] আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু ইয়াৰ ফলত [[ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়। সেই সময়ত নবাব আলী চৌধুৰী ইমপিৰিয়েল কাউন্সিলৰ সদস্য আছিল। ১৯১৭ চনত তেওঁ পুনৰ ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ বিষয়টো পৰিষদৰ সভাত উত্থাপন কৰে। অৱশেষত ১৯২০ চনত বিধানসভাই ''ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আইন'' গৃহীত কৰে। ১৯২১ চনৰ পৰা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ক্লাছ আৰম্ভ হয়। নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীয়ে ছাত্ৰ বৃত্তিৰ বাবে ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ক ১৬ হাজাৰ টাকা দিছিল। প্ৰতিষ্ঠাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ নিজৰ জমিদাৰীৰ এটা অংশ বন্ধকত ৰাখি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ বাবে ৩৫,০০০ টাকা দিছিল।<ref name="blp" /><ref name="DS" /> ২০০৩ চনৰ ৯ জুনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় সংঘই চিনেট ভৱনৰ নাম সলনি কৰি "চৈয়দ নবাব আলী চৌধুৰী ভৱন" ৰখাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। == শিক্ষাৰ দিশত কাম == [[চিত্ৰ:Nabab_ali_chowdhury_Senate_bhobon_DU.jpg|right|thumb|নবাব আলী চৌধুৰী চিনেট বিল্ডিং, ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] নবাব আলী চৌধুৰী আছিল সংযুক্ত বংগৰ প্ৰথমজন মুছলমান মন্ত্ৰী। শিক্ষাৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁৰ ভূমিকাৰ বাবেই তেওঁক শিক্ষামন্ত্ৰীৰ পদ দিয়া হৈছিল। মৃত্যুৰ আগলৈকে তেওঁ এই পদত অধিষ্ঠিত হৈ আছিল। তেওঁ মুঠ ৩৮খন শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানত মাটি আৰু ধনদান কৰি সহায় কৰিছিল। ১৯১০ চনত তেওঁ নিজৰ অঞ্চল ধনবাৰীত "নবাব ইনষ্টিটিউট" হাইস্কুল প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ আন বহুতো শিক্ষানুষ্ঠান স্থাপন কৰাত অৰিহণা যোগাইছিল।<ref name="Today" /> == মৃত্যু == [[চিত্ৰ:Tomb_of_Nawab_ali_Chowdhury.jpg|thumb|নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীৰ সমাধি]] ১৯২৯ চনৰ ১৭ এপ্ৰিলত [[দাৰ্জিলিং|দাৰ্জিলিঙ]]ৰ (বৰ্তমান ভাৰত) ইডেন দুৰ্গত নবাব আলী চৌধুৰীৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="Today" /> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:বাংলাদেশৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] noqiig6z2xq6iy8v2e0cr64h196r4aj 0 103684 646116 617867 2026-10-19T19:56:35Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox deity | type = Greek | name = এৰিছ | image = Eris Antikensammlung Berlin F1775.jpg | alt = | caption = ৫৭৫-৫২৫ খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব | god_of = বিৱাদ আৰু কন্দলৰ দেৱী | abode = [[ইৰেবাছ]] | symbol = [[কন্দলৰ আপেল]] | consort = | parents = [[নাইক্স]]<ref>Hesiod, ''Theogony'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:207-239 225] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106102018/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:207-239 |date=2021-01-06 }}.</ref> বা <br>[[জ্যুচ]] আৰু হীৰা<ref>Homer, ''[[Iliad]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D4%3Acard%3D401 4.400&ndash; 446].</ref> | children = ডাইচ'মিয়া, প'ন'ছ, এটে, লেথে, লিমোছ, এলগোছ আদি | mount = | Roman_equivalent = ডিচকৰ্দিয়া }} '''এৰিছ''' (Greek Éris) হৈছে গ্ৰীক বিবাদ আৰু কন্দলৰ দেৱী। তেওঁৰ ৰোমান সমতুল্য হৈছে ডিচকৰ্ডিয়া, যাৰ অৰ্থ একে। এৰিছৰ গ্ৰীক বিপৰীত দেৱী হাৰমনিয়া, যাৰ ৰোমান সমকক্ষ কনকৰ্ডিয়া,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruoff |first=Henry Woldmar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KaARAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA329 |title=The Standard Dictionary of Facts: History, Language, Literature, Biography, Geography, Travel, Art, Government, Politics, Industry, Invention, Commerce, Science, Education, Natural History, Statistics and Miscellany |date=1919 |publisher=Frontier Press Bookstore |language=en}}</ref> যদিও তেওঁক ৰোমান ভিক্টোৰিয়াৰ সমকক্ষ নাইকৰ বিৰোধী বুলিও বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে। হোমাৰে তেওঁক যুদ্ধদেৱী এনয়োৰ সৈতে সমান কৰিছিল, যাৰ ৰোমান সমকক্ষ বেলোনা। বাওনা গ্ৰহ এৰিছ এই দেৱীৰ নামেৰে নামকৰণ কৰা হৈছে। তেওঁৰ প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীচত কোনো মন্দিৰ নাছিল আৰু ই মূলতঃ ব্যক্তিত্ব হিচাপে বৰ্তি আছিল, যিটো হোমাৰ আৰু পিছৰ বহু গ্ৰন্থত তেওঁ দেখা যায়। ==ব্যুৎপত্তি== এৰিছৰ ব্যুৎপত্তি অনিশ্চিত; ὀρίνειν ক্ৰিয়াৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰি orínein, অৰ্থাৎ 'উত্থাপন, লৰচৰ কৰা, উত্তেজিত কৰা', আদি ধাৰণা দিয়া হৈছে। আৰ এছ পি বিকেছে এই ব্যুৎপত্তিসমূহ নাকচ কৰে আৰু প্ৰাক-গ্ৰীক উৎপত্তিৰ সপক্ষে মত প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{cite book |authorlink=Robert S. P. Beekes |author=R. S. P. Beekes |title=Etymological Dictionary of Greek |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |date=2009 |page=459 }}</ref> ==বৈশিষ্ট্য== হেচিঅ'ডৰ ৰচনা আৰু ১১–২৪ দিনত এৰিছ নামৰ দুগৰাকী ভিন্ন দেৱীৰ উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। হেচিঅ’ডৰ থিয়গণিত (২২৬–২৩২) ৰাতিৰ কন্যা এৰিছৰ বিষয়ে বৰ ভাল বুলি কোৱা হোৱা নাই কাৰণ তেওঁ নিজৰ সন্তান হিচাপে অন্যান্য ব্যক্তিত্বৰ কথা উত্থাপন কৰিছে। আনগৰাকী এৰিছ অনুমাণিকভাৱে তেওঁ যিগৰাকীক হোমাৰৰ ইলিয়াডৰ চতুৰ্থ কাণ্ডত দেখা যায়; এনয়োক এৰিছৰ ভগ্নী হিচাপে আৰু সেয়েহে অনুমাণিকভাৱে জিউছ আৰু হীৰাৰ কন্যা হিচাপে জ্ঞান কৰা হয়।<ref>Parada, s.v. Eris.</ref> তেওঁৰ এজন পুত্ৰও আছে যাৰ নাম ষ্ট্ৰাইফ। ৫ নং কাণ্ডত এনয়োৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে আৰু জিউছে ১১ নং কাণ্ডত থকা আখিয়ানসকলক জগাই তুলিবলৈ ষ্ট্ৰাইফক পঠিয়াইছে। ==আখ্যান== এৰিছৰ আটাইতকৈ বিখ্যাত কাহিনীটোত তেওঁ পেৰিছৰ বিচাৰৰ সূত্ৰপাত কৰি ট্ৰ'জান যুদ্ধ বা ট্ৰয়ৰ যুদ্ধ আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ কথা কোৱা হৈছে। দেৱী [[হীৰা (গ্ৰীক দেৱী)|হীৰা]], [[এথেনা]] আৰু [[এফ্ৰোডাইটি|এফ্ৰোডাইটিক]] অলিম্পছৰ বাকীসকলৰ সৈতে পেলিয়াছ আৰু থেটিছৰ বিয়ালৈ নিমন্ত্ৰণ কৰা হৈছিল, কিন্তু এৰিছৰ অসুবিধা সৃষ্টিৰ প্ৰৱণতাৰ বাবে তেওঁক তুচ্ছজ্ঞান কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁ ([[জ্যুচ|জিউছ]] আৰু থেমিছে ৰচনা কৰা পৰিকল্পনাৰ অংশ হিচাপে প্ৰক্লাছৰ মতে কাইপ্ৰিয়াত উল্লেখ কৰা অনুসৰি) দলটোৰ ফালে এপল অৱ ডিচকৰ্ড (কন্দলৰ আপেল), এটা সোণালী আপেল ঠেলি দিলে, য'ত লিখা আছিল প্ৰাচীন "আটাইতকৈ ধুনীয়াগৰাকীৰ বাবে", বা "আটাইতকৈ সুন্দৰজনৰ বাবে।"   ট্ৰয়ৰ ৰাজকুমাৰ দুৰ্ভগীয়া পেৰিছক জিউছে আটাইতকৈ সুন্দৰী বাছনি কৰিবলৈ নিযুক্তি দিয়ে। পেৰিছৰ সিদ্ধান্তত জয়ী হ’বলৈ চেষ্টা কৰি দেৱীসকলে উলংগ হৈ পৰিল, আৰু তেওঁক উৎকোচ দিয়াৰ চেষ্টাও কৰিলে। হেৰাই ৰাজনৈতিক ক্ষমতা আগবঢ়াই, আনহাতে এথেনাই অসীম প্ৰজ্ঞাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়ে। কিন্তু এফ্ৰোডাইটিয়ে তেওঁক পৃথিৱীৰ আটাইতকৈ ধুনীয়া মহিলাগৰাকীৰ বিষয়ে প্ৰলোভিত কৰে যি আছিল স্পাৰ্টাৰ মেনেলাছৰ পত্নী হেলেন আৰু পেৰিছে আপেলটো এফ্ৰোডাইটিক প্ৰদান কৰিবলৈ বাছনি কৰে, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁৰ নগৰখন যুদ্ধত ধ্বংস হয়। এৰিছৰ আন এটা কাহিনী হ'ল [[হীৰা (গ্ৰীক দেৱী)|হীৰা]], আৰু পলিটেকনাছ আৰু ইডনৰ প্ৰেম। প্ৰেমিকযুগলে হীৰা আৰু জিউছৰ প্ৰেমতকৈও নিজৰ ভালপোৱা বেছি বুলি দাবী কৰিছিল। এই কথাই হীৰাক ক্ষুব্ধ কৰি তুলিছিল, সেয়েহে তেওঁ এৰিছক তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিবাদৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিবলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল। পলিটেখনোছে ৰথৰ ফলক এখন হাত ফুৰাই আছিল আৰু ইডনে তাই বোৱা একব জাল শেষ কৰি আছিল। এৰিছে তেওঁলোকক ক’লে, “যিজনে শেষত নিজৰ কাম শেষ কৰিব, তেওঁ আনজনক এগৰাকী মহিলা দাসীক উপহাৰ দিব লাগিব! ” ইডনে ইয়াত জয়লাভ কৰে। কিন্তু পলিটেখনোছে তেওঁৰ পৰাজয়ত সুখী হোৱা নাছিল, সেয়েহে তেওঁ ইডনৰ ভনীয়েক খেলিডনৰ ওচৰলৈ আহি তেওঁক ধৰ্ষণ কৰে। তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ তাইক দাসীৰ বেশত ইডনক উপহাৰ দিয়ে। যেতিয়া ইডনে আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিলে যে এইগৰাকী সঁচাকৈয়ে তাইৰ ভনীয়েক, তেতিয়া তাই পলিটেখনোছৰ পুত্ৰক কাটি পলিটেখনছক খুৱাই দিয়ে। দেৱতাসকল অসন্তুষ্ট হয়, সেয়েহে তেওঁলোকক চৰাইলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Liberalis |first=Antoninus |url=https://topostext.org/work/216 |title=The Metamorphoses |publisher=Routledge |year=1992 |isbn=9781315812755 |edition=1 |location=London |pages=62 |translator-last=Celoria |translator-first=Francis |chapter=Aedon or Nightingale |doi=10.4324/9781315812755 |s2cid=202527062 |access-date=9 June 2023 }}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} ==সহায়ক গ্ৰন্থপঞ্জী== * Caldwell, Richard (June 1, 1987). ''Hesiod's Theogony''. Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Company. {{ISBN|978-0-941051-00-2}}. * [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'', in ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White'', Cambridge, Massachusetts, [[Harvard University Press]]; London, William Heinemann Ltd., 1914. [http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * [[Homer]], ''The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes''. Cambridge, Massachusetts, [[Harvard University Press]]; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.1-1.32 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library]. * [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]], Volume I: Books 1&ndash;15'', translated by [[W. H. D. Rouse]], [[Loeb Classical Library]] No. 344, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1940 (revised 1984). {{ISBN|978-0-674-99379-2}}. [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL344/1940/volume.xml Online version at Harvard University Press] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240326175819/https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL344/1940/volume.xml |date=2024-03-26 }}. [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/n7/mode/2up Internet Archive (1940)]. * Parada, Carlos, ''Genealogical Guide to Greek Mythology'', Jonsered, Paul Åströms Förlag, 1993. {{ISBN|978-91-7081-062-6}}. [[শ্ৰেণী:গ্ৰীক দেৱতা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গ্ৰীক কিংবদন্তি]] ap4k31qef94g7rgm1inf3dqx6ncal7v 0 108275 646144 439972 2026-10-19T21:42:45Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:দেশ]]; added [[Category:ইউৰোপৰ দেশ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ৰিপাব্লিক অৱ আলবেনিয়া | native_name = {{small|{{native name|sq|Republika e Shqipërisë}}}} | common_name = আলবেনিয়া | image_flag = Flag of Albania.svg | alt_flag = Red flag with a black double-headed eagle in the centre. | image_coat = Coat of arms of Albania.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|sq|[[Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar|Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder,<br>më jep emrin Shqipëtar]]|paren=no|italic=yes}}<br>"তুমি আলবেনিয়া, মোক সন্মান দিলা,<br>তুমি মোক আলবেনিয়া নাম দিলা" | national_anthem = {{lang|sq|"[[Himni i Flamurit]]"|italic=no}}<br>"Hymn to the Flag"<br/><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Hymni i Flamurit instrumental.ogg]]</div> | image_map = Location_Albania_Europe.png | map_caption = আলবেনিয়াৰ অৱস্থান (সেউজীয়া) | capital = টিৰানা | largest_city = টিৰানা | coordinates = {{coord|41|19|N|19|49|E|type:city(557,000)_region:AL-11}} | official_languages = আলবেনিয়ান | languages2_type = স্বীকৃত সংখ্যালঘূ ভাষা | languages2 = {{hlist|[[Greek language|গ্ৰীক]]|[[Aromanian language|আৰমেনিয়ান]]|[[Macedonian language|মেচিডনিয়ান]]}} | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |৫০.৬৭% [[Islam in Albania|ইছলাম]] |১৬.০২% [[Christianity in Albania|খ্ৰীষ্টান]] |১৩.৮৩% [[Non-denominational]] |৩.৫৫% [[Irreligion in Albania|Atheism]] |০.১৫% অন্যান্য |১৫.৭৭% অঘোষিত}} | religion_year = ২০২৩ | religion_ref = {{sfn|2023 Albanian census|2024|p=76}} | demonym = আলবেনিয়ান<!-- | government_type = [[Unitary parliamentary republic]] | leader_title1 = [[President of Albania|President]] | leader_name1 = [[Bajram Begaj]] | leader_title2 = [[Prime Minister of Albania|Prime Minister]] | leader_name2 = [[Edi Rama]] | legislature = [[Parliament of Albania|Kuvendi]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the Parliament of Albania|Parliament Speaker]] | leader_name3 = [[Elisa Spiropali]] | sovereignty_type = [[History of Albania|Establishment history]] | established_event1 = [[Principality of Arbanon]] | established_date1 = 1190 | established_event2 = [[Kingdom of Albania (medieval)|Kingdom of Albania]] | established_date2 = February 1272 | established_event3 = [[Principality of Albania (medieval)|Princedom of Albania]] | established_date3 = 1368 | established_event4 = [[League of Lezhë]] | established_date4 = 2 March 1444 | established_event5 = [[Pashalik of Scutari]]/[[Pashalik of Janina|Janina]] | established_date5 = 1757/1787 | established_event6 = [[League of Prizren]] | established_date6 = 10 June 1878 | established_event7 = Proclamation of independence from {{nowrap|the [[Ottoman Empire]]}} | established_date7 = 28 November 1912 | established_event8 = [[Principality of Albania]] | established_date8 = 29 July 1913 | established_event9 = [[Albanian Republic (1925–1928)|1st Republic of Albania]] | established_date9 = 31 January 1925 | established_event10 = [[Albanian Kingdom (1928–39)|Kingdom of Albania]] | established_date10 = 1 September 1928 | established_event11 = [[People's Republic of Albania|2nd Republic of Albania]] | established_date11 = 10 January 1946 | established_event12 = [[Constitution of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania|3rd Republic of Albania]] | established_date12 = 28 December 1976 | established_event13 = 4th Republic of Albania | established_date13 = 29 April 1991 | established_event14 = {{nowrap|[[Constitution of Albania|Current constitution]]}} | established_date14 = 28 November 1998--> | area_km2 = 28,748 | area_sq_mi = 11,100 | area_rank = ১৪০তম <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | percent_water = 4.7 | population_census = 2,402,113{{sfn|2023 Albanian census|2024|p=105}} | population_census_year = 2023 | population_density_km2 = 83.6{{sfn|2023 Albanian census|2024|p=105}} | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $৫৯.০৯৯ বিলিয়ন<ref name="IMFWEO.AL">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=914,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Albania) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_rank = ১১৮ তম | GDP_PPP_year = ২০২৪ | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $২০,৭৩৯<ref name="IMFWEO.AL" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ৮৩তম | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $২৫.২৯৭ বিলিয়ন<ref name="IMFWEO.AL" /> | GDP_nominal_rank = ১২৫তম | GDP_nominal_year = ২০২৪ | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $৮,৮৭৭<ref name="IMFWEO.AL" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ৮৪তম | Gini_year = ২০১৯ | Gini = ৩৪.৩<!-- number only --> | Gini_change = decrease | Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> | HDI_year = ২০২২<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year --> | HDI_change = increase<!-- increase/decrease/steady --> | HDI = ০.৭৮৯ | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web |title=Human Development Report 2023/24 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024}}</ref> | HDI_rank = ৭৪তম | currency = [[Albanian lek|লেক]] | currency_code = ALL | patron_saint = আৱাৰ লেডী অৱ গুড কাউন্সিল | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | drives_on = সোঁহাতে | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Albania|৩৫৫]] | cctld = [[.al]] }} '''আলবেনিয়া''' ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]: Albania) দক্ষিণ-পূব ইউৰোপৰ [[বলকান অঞ্চল|বলকান উপদ্বীপৰ]] উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম দিশত অৱস্থিত এখন ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। দেশখনৰ পশ্চিমে [[ভূমধ্য সাগৰ]]ৰ অন্তৰ্গত এড্ৰিয়াটিক সাগৰ আৰু দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমে আয়নিয়ান সাগৰ, উত্তৰ-পশ্চিমে মণ্টিনিগ্ৰো, উত্তৰ-পূবত ক'ছ'ভ', পূবে উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া আৰু দক্ষিণে গ্ৰীচ অৱস্থিত৷ আলবেনিয়াৰ উপকূলৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ৩৬২ কিলোমিটাৰ। দেশখনৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ চৰকাৰী নাম '''ৰিপাব্লিক অৱ আলবেনিয়া''' (আলবেনিয়ান: Republika e Shqipërisë)৷ ২৮৭৪৮ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ মাটিকালিৰ বৃহৎ দেশখনত ভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰ জলবায়ু, ভূতাত্ত্বিক, জলবিজ্ঞান আৰু ৰূপগত অৱস্থা ভিন্ন হোৱা দেখা যায়৷ আলবেনিয়া দেশখন আলবেনিয়ান এল্পছ আৰু কোৰাব, স্কেণ্ডাৰবেগ, পিণ্ডাছ আৰু চেৰাউনিয়ান পৰ্বতমালাৰ বৰফেৰে আবৃত ঠেক পৰ্বতৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি এড্ৰিয়াটিক আৰু আয়নিয়ান সাগৰীয় উপকূলৰ পৰা বিস্তৃত উৰ্বৰ নিম্ন সমভূমিলৈকে বিস্তৃত। টিৰানা দেশৰ ৰাজধানী আৰু সৰ্ববৃহৎ চহৰ, তাৰ পিছতে আছে ডুৰেছ, ভ্ল'ৰে আৰু শ্বকোডেৰ। প্ৰাচীন কালত ইলিৰিয়ানসকলে আলবেনিয়াৰ উত্তৰ আৰু মধ্য অঞ্চলত বাস কৰিছিল, আনহাতে এপিৰ'টিছসগলে দক্ষিণ অঞ্চলত বাস কৰিছিল। উপকূলত কেইখনো গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক উপনিবেশ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হৈছিল। বৰ্তমানৰ আলবেনিয়াত কেন্দ্ৰীভূত ইলিৰিয়ান ৰাজ্য মেচিডোনৰ উত্থানৰ পূৰ্বে প্ৰধান শক্তি আছিল।<ref>{{cite book|last=Howe|first=T.|chapter=Plain tales from the hills: Illyrian influences on Argead military development|editor-last1=Müller|editor-first1=S.|editor-last2=Howe|editor-first2=Tim|editor-last3=Bowden|editor-first3=H.|editor-last4=Rollinger|editor-first4=R.|title=The History of the Argeads: New Perspectives|publisher=Wiesbaden|year=2017|isbn=978-3447108515|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_S_swEACAAJ}} p. 108.</ref> খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ২য় শতিকাত ৰোমান গণৰাজ্যই এই অঞ্চলটো নিজৰ অধীনলৈ আনে আৰু ৰোমান সাম্ৰাজ্য বিভাজন হোৱাৰ পিছত ই বাইজেণ্টিয়ামৰ অংশত পৰিণত হয়। প্ৰথম জ্ঞাত আলবেনিয়ান স্বায়ত্তশাসিত ৰাজধানী আৰ্বানন দ্বাদশ শতিকাত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হৈছিল। ত্ৰয়োদশ আৰু ১৫ শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত দেশৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তত আলবেনিয়াৰ অন্যান্য ৰাজ্য আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক শক্তিৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে আলবেনিয়া ৰাজ্য, প্ৰিন্সিপালিটি অৱ আলবেনিয়া আৰু আলবেনিয়া ভিনেটা গঠন হৈছিল। ১৫ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালে আলবেনিয়া [[অটোমান সাম্ৰাজ্য]]ৰ অধীনলৈ আহে। ১৯১২ চনত আধুনিক আলবেনিয়ান ৰাষ্ট্ৰই স্বাধীনতা লাভ কৰে। ১৯৩৯ চনত ইটালীয়ে আলবেনিয়া অধিকাৰ কৰি বৃহত্তৰ আলবেনিয়া গঠন কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছত দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ সময়ত নাজী জাৰ্মানীৰ ৰক্ষিত ৰাজ্য হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়।<ref name=zolo2002>{{cite book |last=Zolo |first=D. |title=Invoking Humanity: War, Law and Global Order |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t7KNgpZRnM8C&q=Albania+nazi+protectorate&pg=PA181 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |date=27 August 2002 |page=180 |isbn=9780826456564}}</ref> যুদ্ধৰ পিছত আলবেনিয়া পিপলছ ছ’চিয়েলিষ্ট ৰিপাব্লিক গঠন হয়, ১৯৯১ চনৰ বিপ্লৱৰ অন্ত পৰাৰ পিছত আলবেনিয়াত [[সাম্যবাদ|সাম্যবাদৰ]] পতন ঘটে আৰু শেষত বৰ্তমানৰ আলবেনিয়া ৰিপাব্লিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়। ১৯১২ চনত স্বাধীনতাৰ লাভ কৰাৰ পিছৰে পৰা আলবেনিয়াত কেইবাটাও ৰাজনৈতিক বিপ্লৱ সংঘটিত হৈছে, আলবেনিয়াৰ ৰাজতন্ত্ৰ সাম্যবাদৰ মাজেৰে পৰিৱৰ্তিত হৈ সাৰ্বভৌম সংসদীয় সাংবিধানিক গণৰাজ্যলৈ পৰিণত হৈছে। ক্ষমতা পৃথকীকৰণক অগ্ৰাধিকাৰ দিয়া সংবিধানৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত দেশখনৰ ৰাজনৈতিক গাঁথনিত সংসদ, আনুষ্ঠানিক সভাপতি, কাৰ্যক্ষম প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী আৰু আদালতৰ স্তৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। আলবেনিয়া হৈছে সেৱা খণ্ডৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত উচ্চ মধ্যম আয়ৰ অৰ্থনীতিৰ উন্নয়নশীল দেশ, য'ত উৎপাদন আৰু পৰ্যটনেও উল্লেখযোগ্য ভূমিকা পালন কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Albania |url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/albania/ |url-status=dead |publisher=The World Bank |access-date=13 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921063450/http://data.worldbank.org/country/albania |archive-date=21 September 2014 |archivedate=21 September 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921063450/http://data.worldbank.org/country/albania |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইয়াৰ সাম্যবাদী ব্যৱস্থা ভংগ হোৱাৰ পিছত দেশখন কেন্দ্ৰীভূত পৰিকল্পনাৰ পৰা মুক্ত বজাৰ অৰ্থনীতিলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়।<ref>Reports: Poverty Decreases in Albania After Years of Growth. Dow Jones Newswires, 201-938-5500 201-938-5500 201-938-5500.[http://www.nasdaq.com/aspx/stock-market-news-story.aspx?storyid=200904231403dowjonesdjonline000935&title=reports-poverty-decreases-in-albania-after-years-of-growth Nasdaq.com]</ref> আলবেনিয়াৰ নাগৰিকসকলক সাৰ্বজনীন স্বাস্থ্যসেৱাৰ সুবিধা আৰু বিনামূলীয়া প্ৰাথমিক আৰু মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইউৰোপৰ দেশ]] syp0g2n9w0qoythqus83f0larhsns7a 0 108384 646215 634363 2026-10-20T11:36:02Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university | name = প্ৰেচিডেন্সি কলেজ | native_name = | image_name = New main entrance to the Presidency University in Kolkata.jpg | image_size = 200px | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | motto = | mottoeng = | established = {{start date|১৮১৭}} | closed = | type = ৰাজহুৱা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | affiliation = | endowment = | budget = | officer_in_charge = | chairman = | chancellor = ৱেষ্ট বেংগলৰ ৰাজ্যপাল | president = | vice-president = | superintendent = | provost = | vice_chancellor = | rector = | principal = | dean = | director = | head_label = | head = | other = | city = [[কলিকতা]] | state = | province = | country = [[ভাৰত]] | coor = | campus = | former_names = | free_label = | free = | colors = | colours = | athletics = | sports = | nickname = | mascot = | affiliations = | website = {{url|http://presiuniv.ac.in}} | logo = | footnotes = }} '''প্ৰেচিডেন্সি কলেজ''' পশ্চিম বংগৰ কলা আৰু মানৱীকিবিদ্যা বিষয়ত স্নাতক অধ্যয়নৰ বাবে [[ভাৰত|ভাৰতীয়]] শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰেছিডেন্সি কলেজ অন্যতম।<ref name="banglapedia">{{cite book |last=Chakraborty |first=Rachana |year=2012 |chapter=Presidency College |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Presidency_College |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=24 January 2016 |archive-date=1 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401132647/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Presidency_College |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401132647/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Presidency_College |archivedate=1 April 2016 }}</ref> এই কলেজখন কলিকতা চহৰৰ কলেজ ষ্ট্ৰীতত অৱস্থিত। ১৮১৭ চনৰ ২০ জানুৱাৰীত কলিকতা চহৰত এই মহাবিদ্যালয়খন স্থাপন হয়।<ref name="university">{{cite web |author=Our Bureau |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1100320/jsp/frontpage/story_12240219.jsp |title=The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) &#124; Frontpage &#124; CM beats Mamata to Presidency |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=2010-03-20 |access-date=2012-08-01 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163639/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1100320/jsp/frontpage/story_12240219.jsp }}</ref> মহাবিদ্যালয়খন প্ৰতিষ্ঠাৰ প্ৰধান উদ্দেশ্য আছিল সম্ভ্ৰান্ত হিন্দু পৰিয়ালৰ সন্তানক ইংৰাজী আৰু ভাৰতীয় ভাষাৰ লগতে ইউৰোপীয় আৰু এছিয়ান সাহিত্য আৰু বিজ্ঞান শিকোৱা। মহাবিদ্যালয়খনে বংগৰ সামাজিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক জীৱনত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰি আহিছে। [[ইংৰাজী ভাষা]] ভাৰতলৈ অহাৰ আগতে বাংলা ভাষাৰ প্ৰাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ত বাংলা, সৰল অংক আৰু সংস্কৃতৰ বাহিৰে আন কোনো উল্লেখযোগ্য শিক্ষা দিয়া নাছিল। টোলত উচ্চ সংস্কৃত, ব্যাকৰণ আৰু সাহিত্য, ধৰ্মতত্ত্ব, ন্যায় শাস্ত্ৰ আৰু দৰ্শন বিজ্ঞানৰ শিক্ষা দিয়া হৈছিল। এই শিক্ষাই ৰাজা ৰামমোহন ৰায়ৰ দৰে জ্ঞানী ভাৰতীয়ৰ আকাংক্ষা পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ মতে এই শিক্ষাই ‘ব্যাকৰণ আৰু আধ্যাত্মিক বিশ্লেষণৰ সূক্ষ্মতাৰে যুৱ মনটোক অযথা বোজা দিব’, কাৰণ ইয়াৰ বাস্তৱত কোনো প্ৰতিফলন নাই। [[ব্ৰিটিছ]] ব্যৱসায়ীৰ লগত লেনদেন কৰাসকলে ইংৰাজী শিক্ষাৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা অতিশয় অনুভৱ কৰিছিল। এই প্ৰয়োজন পূৰণৰ বাবে কিছুমান বিদ্যালয় স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল। বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হিচাপে প্ৰেচিডেন্সি কলেজে এন.এ.এ.চি.ৰ দ্বাৰা ৩.০৪/৪.০০ নম্বৰৰ সৈতে এ গ্ৰেড লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/presidency-university-gets-top-naac-rating/articleshow/56035180.cms|title=Presidency university gets top NAAC rating|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-06-26|language=en|archive-date=9 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509061630/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/presidency-university-gets-top-naac-rating/articleshow/56035180.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> এই কলেজখনক ইউজিচিয়ে "ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিশিষ্ট প্ৰতিষ্ঠান" হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি দিছে। ২০১৬ চনত এন আই আৰ এফৰ ৰেংকিঙৰ শীৰ্ষ ৫০খন প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ তালিকাত কলেজখন অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presiuniv.ac.in/web/presi200/legacy.php|title=Legacy of Presidency University|website=www.presiuniv.ac.in|language=en|access-date=2018-06-26|archive-date=18 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218065751/http://www.presiuniv.ac.in/web/presi200/legacy.php}}</ref> ==ইতিহাস== ১৭৭৩ চনত কলিকতাৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ৰ সৃষ্টিৰ লগে লগে বংগৰ বহু হিন্দুৱে ইংৰাজী ভাষা শিকিবলৈ আগ্ৰহী আগ্ৰহ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। ডেভিদ হৰে, ৰাজা ৰাধাকান্ত দেৱৰ সহযোগত ইতিমধ্যে বংগত ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ শিক্ষা প্ৰৱৰ্তনৰ পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। বাবু বুদ্দিনাথ মুখাৰ্জীয়ে মে’ মাহত নিজৰ ঘৰত ‘ইউৰোপীয় আৰু হিন্দু ভদ্ৰলোক’ৰ সভা আহ্বান কৰা ফ’ৰ্ট উইলিয়ামৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়ৰ মুখ্য ন্যায়াধীশ ছাৰ এডৱাৰ্ড হাইড ইষ্টৰ সমৰ্থন লাভ কৰি শিক্ষাৰ মাধ্যম হিচাপে ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তনক আৰু আগুৱাই লৈ যায় ১৮১৬ চন।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presiuniv.ac.in/web/introduction.php|title=Presidency University|website=www.presiuniv.ac.in|language=en|access-date=2018-06-26|archive-date=15 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515204350/https://presiuniv.ac.in/web/introduction.php|url-status=live}}</ref> বৈঠকৰ উদ্দেশ্য আছিল "হিন্দু সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ সদস্যসকলৰ সন্তানক উদাৰ শিক্ষা প্ৰদানৰ বাবে এটা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান স্থাপনৰ প্ৰস্তাৱৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা"। সৰ্বসন্মতিক্ৰমে অনুমোদন আৰু ৫০ লাখ টকাৰো অধিক অনুদানৰে এই প্ৰস্তাৱ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হয়। নতুন মহাবিদ্যালয়খন স্থাপনৰ বাবে ১০০,০০০ টকাৰ প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিয়া হৈছিল। মহাবিদ্যালয়খন স্থাপনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সৰ্বাধিক অৰিহণা যোগোৱা ৫ জন সদস্য আছিল- শোভাবজাৰ ৰাজৰ ৰাজা গোপী মোহন দেৱ, বৰধমান ৰাজৰ মহাৰাজা তেজ চন্দ্ৰ, পাথুৰীয়াঘাটৰ ৰাজা গোপী মোহন ঠাকুৰ, যোৰাছংকোৰ বাবু জয় কৃষ্ণ সিংহা, আৰু বাবু গংগা নাৰায়ণ দাস। ৰাজা ৰাম মোহন ৰায়ে এই আঁচনিখনৰ প্ৰতি সম্পূৰ্ণ সমৰ্থন দেখুৱাইছিল যদিও ৰাজহুৱাভাৱে এই প্ৰস্তাৱৰ সমৰ্থনত ওলাই নাহিবলৈ বাছি লৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presiuniv.ac.in/web/presidency_history.php|title=Presidency University|website=www.presiuniv.ac.in|language=en|access-date=2018-06-26|archive-date=16 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516180229/https://presiuniv.ac.in/web/presidency_history.php|url-status=live}}</ref> প্ৰথমতে কলেজখনে ভাড়াত লোৱা গৰণহাট্টা (পিছলৈ ৩০৪, চিটপুৰ ৰোড নামেৰে নামাকৰণ কৰা) গোৰাচান্দ বাইছাকৰ ঘৰ এটাত পাঠদান কৰা হৈছিল। ১৮১৮ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত কলেজখন চিটপুৰৰ ওচৰতে থকা 'ফেৰিংগী কমল বসুৰ ঘৰ'লৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। চিটপুৰৰ পৰা মহাবিদ্যালয়খন বৌবজাৰলৈ আৰু পিছলৈ কলেজ ষ্ট্ৰীটলৈ স্থানান্তৰিকত কৰা হয়৷<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.adageindia.in/marketing/cmo-strategy/presidency-university-takes-one-back-in-the-history-with-their-latest-campaign/amp_articleshow/56206188.cms|title=Ad Age Homepage - Ad Age|website=www.adageindia.in|language=en|access-date=2018-06-26|archive-date=26 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626111435/http://adage.com/|url-status=live|archivedate=2018-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626111435/http://adage.com/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়লৈ উন্নীতকৰণ== ২০১০ চনৰ ১৯ মাৰ্চত পশ্চিম বংগ চৰকাৰে ৰাজ্যিক বিধানসভাত 'ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় বিল, ২০০৯' গৃহীত কৰে।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811082710/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-08/kolkata/28305503_1_pg-courses-ug-courses-assent Presidency varsity bill gets governor's assent]</ref> আৰু পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ২০১০ চনৰ ৭ জুলাইত পশ্চিম বংগৰ গৱৰ্ণৰ এম কে নাৰায়ণনে প্ৰেচিডেন্সি ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি বিলত সন্মতি দিয়ে। ২০১০ চনৰ ২৩ জুলাইত পশ্চিম বংগ চৰকাৰে ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি পদৰ বাবে সম্পূৰ্ণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হোৱাৰ সকলো আইনী আনুষ্ঠানিকতা সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰি গেজেট অধিসূচনা প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |author=Express News Service |url=http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/presidency-university-legal-steps-complete/651060/ |title=Presidency University legal steps complete |publisher=Express India |date=2010-07-24 |access-date=2012-08-01 |archive-date=9 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309054906/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/presidency-university-legal-steps-complete/651060/ |archivedate=2016-03-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309054906/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/presidency-university-legal-steps-complete/651060/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ প্ৰথম উপাচাৰ্য নিৰ্বাচন আৰু নিযুক্তিৰ বাবে গঠন কৰা এখন সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষতাৰ দায়িত্ব অমিয়া বাগচীক দিয়া হৈছিল। জাদৱপুৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ দৰ্শনৰ অৱসৰপ্ৰাপ্ত অধ্যাপিকা অমিতা চেটাৰ্জীক ২০১০ চনৰ ৫ অক্টোবৰত প্ৰেচিডেন্সি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ প্ৰথম উপাচাৰ্য হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়।<ref name="vc">{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101006/jsp/frontpage/story_13024538.jsp |title=The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) &#124; Frontpage &#124; Comfort factor confines Presidency to home pool |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=2010-10-06 |access-date=2012-08-01 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103457/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101006/jsp/frontpage/story_13024538.jsp }}</ref> ২০১১ চনত উচ্চ শিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰী ব্ৰত্য বসুৱে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ কাম-কাজ চোৱাচিতা কৰিবলৈ নালন্দা মেণ্টৰ গ্ৰুপৰ দৰে এটা মেণ্টৰ গ্ৰুপ গঠন কৰাৰ পৰামৰ্শ দিছিল। ২০১১ চনৰ জুন মাহৰ আৰম্ভণিতে পশ্চিম বংগৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী মমতা বেনাৰ্জীয়ে ঘোষণা কৰিছিল যে অমৰ্ত্য সেনক মুখ্য গুৰু আৰু হাৰ্ভাৰ্ডৰ সুগতা বসুক অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে লৈ এখন সমিতি গঠন কৰি মহাবিদ্যালয়খনৰ পৰিচালনাৰ তদাৰক আৰু পৰিৱেশন, ইয়াৰ সকলো বিষয়া আৰু অধ্যাপক সদস্য নিযুক্তি দিয়াৰ কাম আৰম্ভ কৰা হ’ব। ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিৰ গুৰু গোটৰ<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pmg.org.in/members.html | title=Presidency Mentor Group | access-date=2013-11-26 | archive-date=11 September 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911140450/http://www.pmg.org.in/members.html | url-status=live | archivedate=2019-09-11 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190911140450/http://www.pmg.org.in/members.html | deadurl=yes }}</ref> সদস্য হিচাপে ২০১৯ চনৰ অৰ্থনীতিৰ নোবেল বঁটা বিজয়ী অভিজিত বেনাৰ্জী, অশোকে সেন, সব্যাসচী ভট্টাচাৰ্য, নয়নজোত লাহিৰী, হিমাদ্ৰী পকৰাশী, ৰাহুল মুকেৰ্জী আৰু ইশ্বেৰ ন্যায়াধীশ আহলুৱালিয়া, স্বপন কুমাৰ চক্ৰৱৰ্তীকো অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। ২০১২ চনত সুকান্ত চৌধুৰীয়ে সমিতিৰ পৰা পদত্যাগ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-25/kolkata/33384950_1_sukanta-chaudhuri-mentor-group-presidency-university | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224207/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-25/kolkata/33384950_1_sukanta-chaudhuri-mentor-group-presidency-university | archive-date=2013-12-02 | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=Sukanta Chaudhuri quits | access-date=2013-11-26 | archivedate=2013-12-02 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224207/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-25/kolkata/33384950_1_sukanta-chaudhuri-mentor-group-presidency-university | deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ দ্বিশতবাৰ্ষিকী উদযাপন কৰা হৈছিল৷ <ref>{{cite news|title=Presi guardian angel|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130414/jsp/bengal/story_16782140.jsp#.U2kXpXYWf-I|access-date=6 May 2014|newspaper=The Telegraph, Calcutta|date=2013-04-14|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100356/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130414/jsp/bengal/story_16782140.jsp#.U2kXpXYWf-I}}</ref> The university had its bicentenary celebrations in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/trends/200-years-of-a-legacy/367941.html|title=200 Years of a Legacy|work=Tribune India|access-date=28 June 2018|archive-date=18 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018074303/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/trends/200-years-of-a-legacy/367941.html|url-status=live|archivedate=18 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018074303/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/trends/200-years-of-a-legacy/367941.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Archives with over 200-yr-old records on Presidency College inaugurated|date=13 December 2022 |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/archives-with-over-200-yr-old-records-on-presidency-college-inaugurated-502047|access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Presidency University, Kolkata's eminent educational institution|url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/presidency-university-kolkatas-eminent-educational-institution|access-date=12 November 2023}}</ref> ==বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ শাসন ব্যৱস্থা== পশ্চিম বংগৰ প্ৰতিখন ৰাজ্যিক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ দৰেই প্ৰেচিডেন্সি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ নেতৃত্বত উপাচাৰ্য থাকে, যি পশ্চিম বংগৰ গৱৰ্ণৰ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://rajbhavankolkata.gov.in/html/ourgovernor.html#:~:text=Our%20Governor%3A%20Raj%20Bhavan%2C%20West%20Bengal%2C%20India&text=of%20West%20Bengal-,Shri%20La.,Bengal%20on%2018th%20July%2C%202022.|title=Our Governor: Raj Bhavan, Kolkata |work=The Raj Bhavan, Kolkata |access-date=2022-08-22}}</ref> উপাচাৰ্যগৰাকী হৈছে শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানখনৰ শৈক্ষিক আৰু প্ৰশাসনিক মুৰব্বী। প্ৰেচিডেন্সি কলেজে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰাৰ পিছতে অধ্যক্ষৰ পদৰ ঠাইত উপাচাৰ্যৰ পদটোৱে স্থান লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/decks-cleared-for-re-appointing-anuradha-lohia-as-the-vc-of-presidency-university/articleshow/64453900.cms|title=Decks cleared for re-appointing Anuradha Lohia as the VC of Presidency University|work=The Times of India|access-date=2018-06-28|archive-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721090100/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/decks-cleared-for-re-appointing-anuradha-lohia-as-the-vc-of-presidency-university/articleshow/64453900.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> অধ্যাপিকা অনুৰাধা লোহিয়া আছিল প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৰ প্ৰথম স্থায়ী উপাচাৰ্য। বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ বৰ্তমানৰ পঞ্জীয়ক ড° দেৱজ্যোতি কোনাৰ।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/calcutta/presi-panel-invites-nominees-for-vc-222596|title=Presi Registrar invites nominees for VC|work=The Telegraph|access-date=28 June 2018|archive-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628124836/https://www.telegraphindia.com/calcutta/presi-panel-invites-nominees-for-vc-222596}}</ref> পৰীক্ষা নিয়ন্ত্ৰক, মুখ্য লাইব্ৰেৰিয়ান, বিত্ত বিষয়া আৰু ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীৰ ডীনৰ লগতে কলাৰ ডীন আৰু বিজ্ঞানৰ ডীন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ আন গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পদবীধাৰী। বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনক এটা গুৰু গোটৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত কৰা হয়। মেণ্টৰ গ্ৰুপৰ অধ্যক্ষতা কৰে হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অ’চেনিক হিষ্ট্ৰী এণ্ড এফেয়াৰ্ছৰ গাৰ্ডিনাৰ অধ্যাপিকা চুগাটা ব’ছে। নোবেল বিজয়ী আৰু অৰ্থনীতিবিদ অমৰ্ত্য সেনে অধ্যক্ষৰ উপদেষ্টা হিচাপে কাম কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/quality-faculty-top-priority-presidency-mentor-group/article2398883.ece|title=Quality faculty top priority: Presidency mentor group|date=2011-08-26|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-06-28 |language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628101142/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/quality-faculty-top-priority-presidency-mentor-group/article2398883.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/presidency-mentor-group-to-reach-out-to-brilliant-students-in-117122400589_1.html|title=Presidency Mentor Group to reach out to brilliant students in|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2017-12-24|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2018-06-28|archive-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628124915/https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/presidency-mentor-group-to-reach-out-to-brilliant-students-in-117122400589_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ শৈক্ষিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠান nzpc32yu591bvs5yrs4t5xausiawilf 0 111477 646156 645567 2026-10-19T22:07:07Z Symphonicallyu 48306 646156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system | type = [[:en:Abugida|Abugida]] | name = ভাৰতী লিপি | native_name = Bhārati Lipi | sample = Bharati Varnamala.png | imagesize = 250px | caption = ভাৰতী লিপি বৰ্ণমালা (আবুগিদা চাৰ্ট) ১৮ টা স্বৰবৰ্ণ, ৫০ টা ব্যঞ্জনবৰ্ণ, ১৭ টা স্বৰবৰ্ণৰ ডায়েচিটিক্স, ৪ টা বিশেষ বিভক্তি আৰু ২ টা বিৰাম চিহ্নত বিভক্ত। | creator = শ্ৰীনিবাস চক্ৰৱৰ্তীৰ নেতৃত্বাধীন গৱেষক দল | fam1 = [[দেৱনাগৰী]], [[লেটিন লিপি]], [[তামিল লিপি]], [[তেলুগু লিপি]], [[কানাড়া লিপি]], [[মালয়ালম লিপি]], [[অসমীয়া–বঙালী লিপি]] | language = ভাৰতীয় ভাষাসমূহ | footnotes = }} [[File:Wikipedia In Bharati Script.jpg|thumb|ভাৰতী লিপিত "ৱিকিপিডিয়া"]] '''ভাৰতী লিপি''' ({{lang-en|Bharati Script}}; ISO: Bhārati) হৈছে ভি. শ্ৰীনিবাস চক্ৰৱৰ্তীৰ নেতৃত্বাধীন গৱেষক দল এটিয়ে আই আই টি মাদ্ৰাজত সৃষ্টি কৰা এটি নিৰ্মিত লিপি। ইয়াক ভাৰতীয় ভাষাৰ বাবে সাধাৰণ বা সংযোগী লিপি হিচাপে কাম কৰিব পৰাকৈ সাজি উলিওৱা হৈছে।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |first=Karthik |last=Malli |title=Why It Isn't Easy to Devise an Intermediary Script for Indian Languages |url=https://thewire.in/culture/bharati-intermediary-script-iit-madras-indian-languages-unicode |date=2019-05-30 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=The Wire |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007064430/https://thewire.in/culture/bharati-intermediary-script-iit-madras-indian-languages-unicode |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |first=Tiki |last=Rajwi |title=One nation, one script: Bharati is the common script for all Indian languages |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/oct/02/one-nation-one-script-bharati-is-the-common-script-for-all-indian-languages-1665812.html |date=2017-10-03 |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007064425/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/oct/02/one-nation-one-script-bharati-is-the-common-script-for-all-indian-languages-1665812.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Desikan |first=Shubashree |date=2019-04-27 |title=IIT Madras team develops easy OCR system for nine Indian languages |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/iit-madras-easy-ocr-system-for-nine-indian-languages/article26966671.ece |access-date=2022-10-07 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=July 24, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724082724/https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/iit-madras-easy-ocr-system-for-nine-indian-languages/article26966671.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Naik |first1=Manali |last2=Chakravarthy |first2=V. Srinivasa |chapter=A comparative study of complexity of handwritten Bharati characters with that of major Indian scripts |pages=3050–3057 |title=2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) |year=2017 |doi=10.1109/IJCNN.2017.7966235 |arxiv=1609.09227 |isbn=978-1-5090-6182-2 }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2017-10-04 |title=Script which helps read 22 Indian languages on cards |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/041017/script-which-helps-read-22-indian-languages-on-cards.html |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007080043/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/041017/script-which-helps-read-22-indian-languages-on-cards.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2013 |first=M. |last=Ramya |title=IIT prof writes one script to unify 22 languages |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iit-prof-writes-one-script-to-unify-22-languages/articleshow/21114141.cms |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=October 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014010338/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/iit-prof-writes-one-script-to-unify-22-languages/articleshow/21114141.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> এই ''[[:en:Abugida|Abugida]]'' লিপি বাওঁফালৰ পৰা সোঁফাললৈ পঢ়া হয়। ইয়াৰ স্বৰবৰ্ণৰ চিহ্নসমূহ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক আখৰৰ তলত, ওপৰত বা সোঁফালে ৰাখিব পাৰি।<ref name=":4" /> এই লিপি লেটিন লিপি, [[দেৱনাগৰী]], [[তামিল লিপি]], [[তেলুগু লিপি]], কানাড়া লিপি, মালয়ালম লিপি আৰু [[অসমীয়া–বঙালী লিপি]] লিপিকে ধৰি কেইবাটিও লিপিৰ আখৰ আৰু ধাৰণাৰ সমন্বয়ত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে।<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy: Bharati is a script not a language |url=https://www.india.com/education/dr-v-srinivasa-chakravarthy-bharati-is-a-script-not-a-language-1591965/ |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.india.com |language=en |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007064429/https://www.india.com/education/dr-v-srinivasa-chakravarthy-bharati-is-a-script-not-a-language-1591965/ |url-status=live }}</ref> গুজৰাটী লিপিৰ দৰে ইয়াত বৰ্ণৰ ওপৰত চলন্ত আনুভূমিক ৰেখা বা মাত্ৰা দেখা নাযায়, যিটো [[দেৱনাগৰী]] আৰু [[অসমীয়া–বঙালী লিপি|অসমীয়া–বঙালী লিপিৰ]] এটা বৈশিষ্ট্য। ==বিকাশ== [[File:Bharati.svg|thumb|right|ভাৰতী লিপিত লিখিত "ভাৰতী"]] যিদৰে লেটিন লিপিয়ে বহু ইউৰোপীয় ভাষাৰ বাবে সাধাৰণ লিপি হিচাপে কাম কৰে, তেনেদৰে ভাৰতী লিপিক ভাৰতীয় ভাষাৰ সাধাৰণ লিপি বা সংযোগকাৰী লিপি ৰূপে প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰা হৈছে, য’ত [[ভাৰত-আৰ্য ভাষা পৰিয়াল]] আৰু [[দ্ৰাবিড় ভাষা পৰিয়াল]] দুয়োটাকে অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও নিজস্ব লিখন পদ্ধতিৰ ব্যৱস্থা নথকা জনজাতীয় ভাষাসমূহৰ বাবেও ই লেখাৰ এক মাধ্যম ৰূপে কাম কৰিব। ভি শ্ৰীনিবাস চক্ৰবৰ্তীয়ে আই আই টি মাদ্ৰাজত এই প্ৰকল্পটো আৰম্ভ কৰে আৰু তেওঁৰ অধীনত এটি গৱেষক দলে এই লিপি বিকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Unified script of India - Bharati |url=https://bharatiscript.com/ |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=bharatiscript.com |archive-date=October 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007060013/https://bharatiscript.com/ |url-status=live |archivedate=2022-10-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007060013/https://bharatiscript.com/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> ==ইনপুট আৰু ফণ্ট== নৱভাৰতী আৰু সুন্দৰভাৰতী নামে ভাৰতী দলে বিকশিত কৰা দুটা ফণ্টৰ জৰিয়তে এই লিপি সকলো অপাৰেটিং চিষ্টেমতে লিখিব পাৰি। এই ফণ্ট দুটাই সমৰ্থিত লিপিসমূহৰ আখৰসমূহক ভাৰতী লিপিৰ সমতুল্য আখৰলৈ পৰিৱৰ্তিত কৰে।<ref name=":1" /> নৱভাৰতী হ’ল এটি [[ট্ৰুটাইপ চানচ্‌-চেৰিফ]] ফণ্ট যি [[দেৱনাগৰী]], [[তামিল]], [[তেলেগু]] আৰু মালয়ালম লিপিৰ প্ৰতিবৰ্ণীকৰণ সমৰ্থন কৰে। আনহাতে সুন্দৰ্ভাৰতী হ’ল এটি [[অ’পেন টাইপ চেৰিফ]] ফণ্ট যি [[অসমীয়া–বঙালী লিপি|অসমীয়া–বঙালী লিপিৰ]] উপৰিও নৱভাৰতী সমৰ্থিত সমস্ত লিপিৰ প্ৰতিবৰ্ণীকৰণ সমৰ্থন কৰে। তিনিটা এণ্ড্ৰইড এপও আগবঢ়োৱা হৈছে, যিয়ে ভাৰতী ভিত্তিক কী-বৰ্ড আৰু হস্তলিপি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি নিৰ্বাচিত লিপিত লেখা উৎপাদন কৰিব পাৰে আৰু অন্যান্য লিপিসমূহ ভাৰতীলৈ অনুবাদ কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name=":1" /> এই লিপিৰ বাবে এটা অ’চিআৰ ব্যৱস্থাও প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Vorugunti |first1=Chandra Sekhar |last2=Chakravarthy |first2=Srinivasa |last3=Pulabaigari |first3=Viswanath |date=2018 |title=An efficient Multi Lingual Optical Character Recognition system for Indian languages through use of Bharati Script |url=https://bharatiscript.com/media/Research/ICVGIP2018.pdf |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=Bharati Script |archive-date=August 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812133732/https://bharatiscript.com/media/Research/ICVGIP2018.pdf |url-status=live |archivedate=2022-08-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812133732/https://bharatiscript.com/media/Research/ICVGIP2018.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name=":3" /> মাত্ৰ ইয়াক ইউনিকোডত সংযোগ কৰিবলৈ বাকী আছে। ==মুদ্ৰা ভাৰতী== সাংকেতিক ভাষা ৰূপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ ভাৰতী লিপিৰ সৈতে এটি ইংগিতময় আঙুলিৰ বানান ব্যৱস্থা (ফিংগাৰ স্পেলিং)ৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰা হৈছে। এই সাংকেতিক ভাষাৰ মান দিয়া হৈছে মুদ্ৰা ভাৰতী।<ref name=":1" /> আমেৰিকান সাংকেতিক ভাষা প্ৰথাৰ বিপৰীতে মুদ্ৰা ভাৰতীত দুয়োখন হাতৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হয়। স্ব-সংগঠিত মানচিত্ৰ আৰু [[কনভল্যুচনেল নিউৰেল নেটৱৰ্ক]] ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি এটা প্ৰ’ট’টাইপ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছে, যি মুদ্ৰা ভাৰতীৰপৰা স্বীকৃতি পোৱাৰ পিছত দেৱনাগৰী আৰু তামিল লিপিৰ আখৰ উৎপাদন কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Amal Jude Ashwin |first1=F. |last2=Chakravarthy |first2=V. Srinivasa |last3=Kopparapu |first3=Sunil Kumar |title=Text, Speech, and Dialogue |chapter=An AI-Based Detection System for Mudrabharati: A Novel Unified Fingerspelling System for Indic Scripts |date=2021 |editor-last=Ekštein |editor-first=Kamil |editor2-last=Pártl |editor2-first=František |editor3-last=Konopík |editor3-first=Miloslav |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83527-9_36 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=12848 |language=en |location=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |pages=425–434 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-83527-9_36 |isbn=978-3-030-83527-9 |s2cid=237403848 |access-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-date=October 8, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008173913/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83527-9_36 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==লগতে চাওক== * [[ব্ৰাহ্মী লিপি]] ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{ৰেফলিষ্ট}} [[শ্ৰেণী:নিৰ্মিত লিপি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:এছীয় লিপি]] 47l7gsma5funbnzdbcairt967s6koat 0 113502 646111 606929 2026-10-19T19:27:18Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''একে লিংগৰ অভিভাৱকত্ব''' বা '''ৰামধেনু পৰিয়াল'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hočevar |first=Andreja |date=2014-09-02 |title=Children in rainbow families |url=http://ljsr.pravo.unizg.hr/index.php/ljsr/article/view/8 |journal=Annual of Social Work |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=83 |doi=10.3935/ljsr.v21i1.8 |issn=1848-7971 }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> সাধাৰণতে [[civil union|নাগৰিক মিলন]], বা [[same-sex marriage|সমলিংগীয় বিবাহ]]ত আবদ্ধ থকা [[Same-sex relationship|একে লিংগৰ দম্পতি]] ([[Gay men|গে’]], [[lesbian|লেচবিয়ান]], বা [[bisexual|বাইছেক্সুৱেল]]) ব্যক্তিৰ দ্বাৰা সন্তান লালন-পালন কৰা কাৰ্য। সমলিংগী পিতৃ-মাতৃত্বৰ বিৰোধীসকলে যুক্তি দিয়ে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত সন্তানৰ ওপৰত কু প্ৰভাৱ পৰে। কিন্তু বৈজ্ঞানিক গৱেষণাই নিয়মীয়াকৈ প্ৰমাণ কৰিছে যে [[lesbian|লেচ্বিয়ান]] আৰু [[gay|গে’]] অভিভাৱকসকলে [[heterosexual|বিপৰীত লিংগী]] পিতৃ-মাতাৰ দৰে সক্ষম আৰু যোগ্য। [[lesbian|লেচ্বিয়ান]] আৰু [[gay|গে’]] পিতৃ-মাতাৰ দ্বাৰা লালিত-পালিত [[children|সন্তান]]সকল মানসিকভাৱে সুস্থ আৰু সমলিংগী পিতৃ-মাতাৰ সন্তানে বিপৰীত লিংগী পিতৃ-মাতাৰ সন্তানেৰ দৰে ভালদৰে চলিব পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Manning|first1=Wendy D.|last2=Fettro|first2=Marshal Neal|last3=Lamidi|first3=Esther|date=2014-08-01|title=Child Well-Being in Same-Sex Parent Families: Review of Research Prepared for American Sociological Association Amicus Brief|journal=Population Research and Policy Review|volume=33|issue=4|pages=485–502|doi=10.1007/s11113-014-9329-6|issn=0167-5923|pmc=4091994|pmid=25018575}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=December 2017|title=What does the scholarly research say about the well-being of children with gay or lesbian parents?|url=https://whatweknow.inequality.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/PDF-Parenting-wellbeing-1.pdf|access-date=|website=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616023544/https://whatweknow.inequality.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/PDF-Parenting-wellbeing-1.pdf|archivedate=2018-06-16|deadurl=yes}}</ref> প্ৰধান চিকিৎসা, মনোবৈজ্ঞানিক, মানসিক বিশেষজ্ঞ, মনোবিশ্লেষক, শিশুৰোগ বিশেষজ্ঞ, থেৰাপিষ্ট আৰু সমাজকৰ্মী সংগঠনসমূহে এই বিষয়ত কোনো বিশ্বাসযোগ্য পৰীক্ষামূলক গৱেষণা পোৱা নাই যিয়ে একে লিংগৰ অভিভাৱকত্বৰ বিপৰীত ফলাফল প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰে। ==প্ৰকাৰ== বহু [[lesbian|লেচ্বিয়ান]], [[gay|গে']], [[bisexual|বাইছেক্সুৱেল]], আৰু [[transgender|ট্ৰান্সজেণ্ডাৰ]] ব্যক্তি অভিভাৱক হিচাপে আছে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, ২০০০ চনৰ আমেৰিকাৰ জনগণনা অনুসৰি, মহিলা সমলিংগী দম্পতিসমূহৰ ৩৩ শতাংশ আৰু পুৰুষ সমলিংগী দম্পতিসমূহৰ ২২ শতাংশে নিজৰ ঘৰত অন্তত এজন কণমানি (১৮ বছৰৰ তলৰ) সন্তান থকা বুলি জনাইছিল।<ref name=apa>[http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbc/policy/parents.html APA Policy Statement on Sexual Orientation, Parents & Children], [[American Psychological Association]], July 28 & 30, 2004. Retrieved on 04-06-2007.</ref> ২০০৫ চনৰ তথ্যানুসৰি, আনুমানিক ২৭০,৩১৩ শিশু [[United States|আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰত]] সমলিংগী দম্পতিসমূহৰ পৰিয়ালত বাস কৰে।<ref name="censussnapshot">[http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/USCensusSnapshot.pdf Williams Institute: Census Snapshot – United States] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228024532/http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/USCensusSnapshot.pdf |date=2008-02-28 }}</ref> ==সন্তান তুলি লোৱা== বিশেষভাৱে লক্ষ্যণীয় যে, [[এলজিবিটি]] ব্যক্তিসকলৰ বাবে সন্তান তুলি লোৱা সাধাৰণতে পৰিয়াল গঠনৰ প্ৰথম পছন্দ, আৰু [[heterosexual|বিপৰীত লিংগী]] ব্যক্তিসকলৰ বাবে ই সাধাৰণতে অন্তিম বিকল্প হয়। লগতে, গৱেষণাই দেখুৱাইছে যে, এলজিবিটি অভিভাৱকসকলে বিপৰীত লিংগী অভিভাৱকসকলৰ দৰে সক্ষম আৰু যোগ্য, আৰু তেওঁলোকে [[Same-sex adoption|শাৰীৰিক আৰু মানসিকভাৱে সুস্থ]] আৰু সু-সমন্বিত সন্তান লালন-পালন কৰিব পাৰে। কিন্তু, সমলিংগী সকলে সন্তান তুলি লোৱাৰ ওপৰত বহুতো [[Same-sex adoption|সামাজিক চাপ]] থাকে, বিশেষকৈ [[heteronormativity|হেটেৰ’ন’ৰ্মেটিভ]] লিংগভিত্তিক ভুমিকাত খাপ খুৱাই লৈ কৰা দাবী। বিশেষকৈ [[United States|আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ত সন্তান তুলি লোৱা সংস্থাসমূহে এই ধৰণৰ মানদণ্ড আৰু নিয়ম অধিক উৎসাহিত কৰে। ফলস্বৰূপে, সমলিংগী ব্যক্তিসকলে নিজৰ যৌন অভিমুখীতাক লুকুৱাবলৈ বা লঘুৱাই দেখুৱাবলৈ বাধ্য হয়, যাতে তেওঁলোকে অধিক "উপযুক্ত" আৰু "বৈধ" অভিভাৱক হিচাপে বিবেচিত হয়। যদি সন্তান তুলি লোৱা সংস্থা আৰু এলজিবিটি ব্যক্তিসকলৰ মাজত থকা কুসংস্কাৰ দূৰ কৰা হয়, তেন্তে দুই পক্ষৰ মাজত এক পৰস্পৰ সহায়ক সম্পৰ্ক গঢ়ি উঠিব পাৰিলহেঁতেন। ইয়াৰ ফলত, সন্তান তুলি লোৱা প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ সময়ছোৱাত এলজিবিটি ব্যক্তিসকলৰ মানসিক চাপ কমাব কৰিব পাৰিব। তদুপৰি, গৱেষণাই সমৰ্থন জনাই যে, “এলজিবিটি ব্যক্তিসকলক শিশুকল্যাণ প্ৰণালী আৰু সন্তান তুলি লোৱা সংস্থাসমূহে অতি মূল্যবান সম্পদ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা উচিত।” ==চাৰ'গেচি== {{Main|চাৰ'গেচি}} কিছুমান [[LGBTQ]] দম্পতিয়ে [[surrogacy|চাৰ'গেচি]]ৰ জৰিয়তে সন্তান জন্ম দিয়াৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। এজন [[surrogate|চাৰ'গেট]] সেই ব্যক্তি যিজনে [[sperm|শুক্রাণু]]ৰ দ্বাৰা নিষিক্ত [[egg|ডিম্বাণু]] বহন কৰে আৰু শিশু জন্ম দিবলৈ অন্য এজনক অভিভাৱক হিচাপে দিয়াৰ স্পষ্ট অভিপ্ৰায় থাকে। ডিম্বাণু আৰু শুক্রাণু চাৰ'গেট ব্যক্তিৰ, দাতা ব্যক্তিৰ, বা উদ্দেশ্যযুক্ত অভিভাৱকৰ হ’ব পাৰে। [[Gestational carrier|জেষ্টেচনেল কেৰিয়াৰ]] হৈছে চাৰ'গেটৰ এক প্ৰকাৰ, যিয়ে এনে [[fetus|ভ্ৰূণ]] বহন কৰে, যাৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ কোনো জিনগত সম্পৰ্ক নাথাকে। এক গৱেষণাই সুচাই যে, জেষ্টেচনেল কেৰিয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ সফলতাৰ হাৰ তেওঁলোকৰ তুলনাত বেছি, যিয়ে নিজৰ [[oocyte|ডিম্বাণু]] ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2016-08-01 |title=Trends and outcomes of gestational surrogacy in the United States |journal=Fertility and Sterility |language=en-US |volume=106 |issue=2 |pages=435–442.e2 |doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.050 |issn=0015-0282|doi-access=free |last1=Perkins |first1=Kiran M. |last2=Boulet |first2=Sheree L. |last3=Jamieson |first3=Denise J. |last4=Kissin |first4=Dmitry M. |pmid=27087401 |pmc=11350527 }}</ref> কিছুমান ব্যক্তি টকাৰ বাবে চাৰ'গেট হয়, আনহাতে কিছুমানে মানৱসেৱাৰ অভিপ্ৰায়েৰে বা দুয়োটা কাৰণতে এইটো কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ihr.com/infertility/surrogacy/gay-parent-through-surrogacy.html|title=For Gay Men: Becoming a Parent through Surrogacy|access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref> চাৰ'গেচি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা অভিভাৱকসকল সমাজৰ কটাক্ষৰ সন্মুখীন হ’ব পাৰে, আৰু এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটো বিভিন্ন সমালোচনাৰ সন্মুখীন হয়।<ref>Gahan, Luke (2017) "Separated Same-Sex Parents' Experiences and Views of Services and Service Providers," Journal of Family Strengths: Vol. 17 : Iss. 2, Article 2. Available at: http://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/jfs/vol17/iss2/2</ref> কিছুমান ঘটনাত দেখা গৈছে যে, অভিভাৱকসকলক তেওঁলোকৰ চাৰ'গেট ব্যক্তিক কিমান টকা দিয়া হৈছে তাৰ বিষয়ে বিভ্ৰান্ত কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত বাণিজ্যিক চাৰ'গেচিৰ নৈতিকতা লৈ প্ৰশ্ন উঠিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birthstory |url=https://www.radiolab.org/podcast/birthstory2018 |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=Radiolab Podcasts {{!}} WNYC Studios |language=en}}</ref> নিষিক্তকৰণ (Insemination) ==কৃত্ৰিম নিষিক্তকৰণ== {{Main|Artificial insemination}} নিষিক্তকৰণ (Insemination) গৰ্ভধাৰণৰ এটা তুলনামূলক কম আক্রমণাত্মক (non-invasive) পদ্ধতি। যিসকল দম্পতীৰ অন্তত এজনৰ গৰ্ভাশয় আৰু ডিম্বাশয় আছে আৰু বন্ধ্যাত্বৰ সমস্যা নাই, তাত দাতা শুক্রাণুৰ দ্বাৰা নিষিক্তকৰণ গৰ্ভধাৰণৰ প্ৰথম পদ্ধতি হিচাপে বিবেচিত হ’ব পাৰে।<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Pang |first=Samuel C. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u6QzDwAAQBAJ&dq=reciprocal%20ivf%20%22custody%22&pg=PT231 |title=The Boston IVF Handbook of Infertility: A Practical Guide for Practitioners Who Care for Infertile Couples |date=September 1, 2017 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781351241472 |editor-last=Bayer |editor-first=Steven |edition=4th, illustrated |chapter=Fertility Care for the LGBT Community}}</ref> নিষিক্তকৰণ হৈছে এনে প্ৰক্ৰিয়া য’ত এজন গৰ্ভাশয় আৰু ডিম্বাশয় থকা ব্যক্তিক দাতা শুক্রাণুৰ সহায়ত নিষিক্ত কৰা হয়। এইটো ঘৰতে যোনিৰ ভিতৰত (intravaginal) হ’ব পাৰে, অথবা চিকিৎসা কেন্দ্ৰত [[Intrauterine insemination|ইন্ট্ৰাউটেৰাইন ইনসেমিনেচন (IUI)]] পদ্ধতিৰ জৰিয়তে কৰিব পাৰি।<ref name=":7" /> দাতা শুক্রাণু সমূহ শুক্রাণু বেংক, পৰিয়ালৰ সদস্য, বন্ধু, বা পৰিচিত এগৰাকীৰ পৰা আহিব পাৰে। যিসকলে চিনাক্ত দাতাৰ শুক্রাণু ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি গৰ্ভধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ থিৰাং কৰে, তেওঁলোকে সাধাৰণতে দাতাৰ অভিভাৱকত্বৰ দায়িত্ব আৰু অধিকাৰ সম্বন্ধীয় আইনী চুক্তি কৰিবলগীয়া হয়।<ref name=":7" /> আমেৰিকাত এইটো ৰাজ্যভেদে ভিন্ন হয়। কিছুমান ৰাজ্যত দাতাক তেওঁলোকৰ অভিভাৱকত্বৰ অধিকাৰ ত্যাগ কৰিবলৈ চিকিৎসা কেন্দ্ৰৰ জৰিয়তে দান কৰিব লাগে, আন ৰাজ্যত গৰ্ভধাৰণৰ পূৰ্বে এক লিখিত চুক্তি যথেষ্ট হয়।<ref name=":8">{{Citation |last1=Goldberg |first1=Naomi G. |title=Family Law and Policy for LGBTQ Individuals and Families: Adoption, Foster Care, Assisted Reproduction, and Parental Rights |date=2020-11-19 |url=https://oxfordre.com/politics/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-1218 |encyclopedia=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics |access-date=2023-11-29 |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1218 |isbn=978-0-19-022863-7 |last2=Hasenbush |first2=Amira}}</ref> কিছুমান ব্যক্তিয়ে মানৱসেৱাৰ উদ্দেশ্যে শুক্রাণু দান কৰে, আনহাতে কিছুমানে আৰ্থিক লাভৰ বাবে বা দুয়োটা উদ্দেশ্যে কৰে। কিছুমান দেশত দাতা ব্যক্তিৰ গোপনীয়তা ৰাখিব পাৰি (যেনেকৈ [[Spain|স্পেইনত]]) আৰু কিছুমান দেশত (যেনেকৈ [[United Kingdom|সংযুক্ত ৰাজ্য]]ত) দাতাৰ পৰিচয় লুকুৱাব নোৱাৰি। গ্ৰীচত সমলিংগী মাতৃসকলৰ অভিজ্ঞতা সম্পৰ্কে এক অধ্যয়নে কৈছে, “গ্ৰীচত সমলিংগী মহিলাসকলক [[In vitro fertilization|IVF]] (ভিট্ৰো নিষিক্তকৰণ) সুবিধা নাথাকে, কিন্তু অবিবাহিত মহিলাসকলক চিকিৎসা সংক্ৰান্ত কাৰণত এই সুবিধা দিয়া হয়।”<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Voultsos |first1=Polychronis |last2=Zymvragou |first2=Christina-Erato |last3=Raikos |first3=Nikolaos |last4=Spiliopoulou |first4=Chaido Chara |date=2019-01-02 |title=Lesbians' experiences and attitudes towards parenthood in Greece |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13691058.2018.1442021 |journal=Culture, Health & Sexuality |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=108–120 |doi=10.1080/13691058.2018.1442021 |pmid=29589799 |s2cid=4380510 |issn=1369-1058}}</ref> ==ৰেচিপ্ৰ'কেল আইভিএফ (Reciprocal IVF) == {{Main|ৰেচিপ্ৰ'কেল আইভিএফ}} ৰেচিপ্ৰ'কেল আইভিএফ, যাক Co-IVF বুলিও কোৱা হয়, এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়াই দম্পতিসকলক জৈৱিক মাতৃত্ব বা পিতৃত্ব ভাগ-বতৰা কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম কৰে। ৰেচিপ্ৰ'কেল আইভিএফ সেইসকল দম্পতিয়ে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে য'ত অন্ততঃ এজন অংশীদাৰে ডিম্বাণু থাকে আৰু আনজনৰ গৰ্ভাশয় থাকে।{{citation needed|date=February 2024}} ৰেচিপ্ৰ'কেল আইভিএফত, এজন অংশীদাৰে নিজৰ ডিম্বাণু ভাগ-বতৰা কৰে। এই অংশীদাৰজনে হৰমোনেল উত্তেজনা আৰু মনিটৰিংৰ সৈতে ডিম্বাণু উত্তোলনৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ মাজেৰে যায়।<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last1=Yeshua |first1=Arielle |last2=Lee |first2=Joseph A. |last3=Witkin |first3=Georgia |last4=Copperman |first4=Alan B. |date=June 2015 |title=Female Couples Undergoing IVF with Partner Eggs (Co-IVF): Pathways to Parenthood |url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/lgbt.2014.0126 |journal=LGBT Health |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=135–139 |doi=10.1089/lgbt.2014.0126 |pmid=26790119 |issn=2325-8292}}</ref> গৰ্ভধাৰণ কৰা অংশীদাৰে ভ্ৰূণ গ্ৰহণ কৰে। এই অংশীদাৰজনে হৰমোনেল চিকিত্সা, ছন'গ্ৰাফিক মনিটৰিং, আৰু একাধিক ভ্ৰূণ স্থানান্তৰণৰ দৰে চিকিৎসাসমূহ লাভ কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name=":10" /> দম্পতিসকলে ডিম্বাণু প্ৰদানকাৰী বা গৰ্ভধাৰণ কৰা অভিভাৱক হিচাপে নিজৰ ভূমিকা নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিব পাৰে। এই নিৰ্ণয় জৈৱিক কাৰণ (যেনে বন্ধ্যাত্ব) বা ব্যক্তিগত কাৰণ (যেনে গৰ্ভৱতী হোৱাৰ ইচ্ছা) অনুসৰি কৰিব পাৰি।<ref name=":7" />  কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত, উভয় অংশীদাৰই ডিম্বাণু ভাগ-বতৰা কৰা প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত অংশ গ্ৰহণ কৰে, তাৰ পিছত সেই ডিম্বাণুবোৰ মিশ্ৰিত, নিষিক্ত, কৰি গৰ্ভাশয়ত স্থাপন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Brandão |first1=Pedro |last2=Ceschin |first2=Nathan |date=2023-04-10 |title=Lesbian shared IVF: the ROPA method: a systematic review |journal=Porto Biomedical Journal |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=e202 |doi=10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000202 |issn=2444-8664 |pmid=37152625|pmc=10158901 |doi-access=free }}</ref> এই পদ্ধতিয়ে দম্পতিসকলক এজন জৈৱিক সন্তান লাভ কৰাৰ সুবিধা প্ৰদান কৰে, য'ত কেৱল এটা অংশীদাৰ জিনগতভাৱে সম্পৃক্ত হৈ থকা নাথাকে। আনহাতে, কিছুমান দম্পতিয়ে ডুয়েল-পাৰ্টনাৰ গৰ্ভধাৰণ (Dual Partner Conception) পদ্ধতি গ্ৰহণ কৰে, য'ত দুয়ো অংশীদাৰে পালোপাল গৰ্ভধাৰণ আৰু ডিম্বাণু প্ৰদান কৰে। এনে বিশেষ ধৰণৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত, দুয়ো অংশীদাৰ গৰ্ভধাৰণ আৰু জিনগতভাৱে সন্তানৰ সৈতে সংযোগ স্থাপন কৰাৰ সুযোগ লাভ কৰে।<ref name=":7" /> ==গৱেষণা চলি থকা প্ৰক্ৰিয়া== {{Main|এলজিবিটি প্ৰজনন}} বৰ্তমান বিজ্ঞানীসকলে বিকল্প ধৰণৰ মানুহৰ মাতৃত্ব-পিতৃত্বৰ ওপৰত গৱেষণা কৰিছে, যিয়ে সমলিঙ্গ দম্পতিসকলক সন্তান পোৱাৰ সুবিধা প্ৰদান কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gizmag.com/possibility-of-genetic-children-from-same-sex-couples/17228/|title=Breakthrough raises possibility of genetic children for same-sex couples|date=9 December 2010|access-date=26 July 2015}}</ref> এজন সম্ভাৱনা হৈছে ত্বককোষৰ পৰা শুক্ৰাণু সংগ্ৰহ কৰা।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.explorestemcells.co.uk/stem-cells-same-sex-reproduction.html|title=Stem Cells and Same Sex Reproduction|access-date=26 July 2015|archivedate=9 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509020825/http://www.explorestemcells.co.uk/stem-cells-same-sex-reproduction.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> এই পদ্ধতিটোক ইন ভিট্ৰো গামেটজেনেছিস (In Vitro Gametogenesis) বুলি কোৱা হয়, আৰু ইয়াৰ উদ্দেশ্য হৈছে প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক কোষবোৰক পুনঃপ্ৰগ্ৰাম কৰি সেয়া শুক্ৰাণু আৰু ডিম্বাণু কোষৰ দৰে কাৰ্য কৰিবলৈ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Center |first=Petrie-Flom |date=2017-01-11 |title=The Promise and Peril of Emerging Reproductive Technologies |url=https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/resources/article/the-promise-and-peril-of-emerging-reproductive-technologies |access-date=2023-11-29 |website=The Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics at Harvard Law School |language=en-US |archivedate=2023-12-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202103834/https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/resources/article/the-promise-and-peril-of-emerging-reproductive-technologies |deadurl=yes }}</ref> এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়া এতিয়ালৈকে মানুহৰ ওপৰত কৰা হোৱা নাই, কিন্তু এই পদ্ধতিটোৰ ওপৰত নৈতিক চিন্তা-ভাবনা আগবঢ়োৱা হৈছে। কিছুমান ব্যক্তিয়ে ইয়াক ইউজেনিক্স (জাতিগত শুদ্ধতা)ৰ পৰিপ্ৰেক্ষিতত চিন্তা কৰিছে, কাৰণ এই পদ্ধতিটো মানুহৰ কোষৰ ওপৰত অধিক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ দিয়াৰ সম্ভাৱনা সৃষ্টি কৰে, যাৰ দ্বাৰা সন্ততিসকলৰ জিনগত গুণাবলী নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিব পাৰিব। তেন্তে, এই পদ্ধতিয়ে অভিভাৱকসকলক তেওঁলোকৰ সন্ততিসকলৰ স্বাস্থ্যৰ বিপদজনক যিকোনো সমস্যাৰ পৰা বাচিবলৈ নিশ্চিত কৰিবলৈ সহায় কৰিব, যিয়ে সু স্বাস্থ্যৰ সৈতে শিশুবোৰ সৃষ্টি কৰা সহজ কৰিব পাৰে। ==উৎস== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:এলজিবিটিকিউ অভিভাৱকত্ব]] foni5bmlgc00czkby55ysjjcexk3o8g 0 115507 646180 525749 2026-10-20T03:06:43Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ছাহিৰা নাছীম | image = | alt = | caption = | native_name = {{Nq|سائرہ نسیم}} | birth_place = লাহোৰ, [[পাকিস্তান]] | occupation = গায়িকা | years_active = ১৯৮৭ - বৰ্তমান | awards = ৪ নিগাৰ বঁটা }} '''ছাইৰা নাছীম''' ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]: Saira Naseem) বা '''ছাহিৰা নাছীম''' ([[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]: Sahira Naseem) এগৰাকী পাকিস্তানী গায়িকা৷ তেওঁ নব্বৈৰ দশকৰ পাকিস্তানী চলচ্চিত্ৰ উদ্যোগ বা ললীউডৰ নেপথ্য গায়িকা আছিল। তেওঁ চাৰি বাৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নেপথ্য গায়কৰ নিগাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name="pakistani oscar" /> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== ১৯৮৭ চনত মুক্তি পোৱা হাম ছে হেঁ জামানা নামৰ ছবিখনৰ জৰিয়তে নাছীমে গায়িকা জীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। এ নায়াৰ, মুনীৰ হুছেইন, মাছুদ ৰানাৰ সৈতে ছবিখনৰ বাবে এটা সমবেত সংগীতত তেওঁ কণ্ঠদান কৰিছিল। তাৰ পিছত নেপথ্য কণ্ঠশিল্পী হিচাপে তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আগবাঢ়ি যায় আৰু তেওঁ ৮১খন উৰ্দু আৰু পঞ্জাবী ছবিত ৫৫টা গীত গাইছিল। চলচ্চিত্ৰ গীতৰ উপৰিও তেওঁ কবিতা, গজল, নাট আদিও পৰিবেশন কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lodhi |first1=Adnan |title=The fading out of Lollywood’s iconic playback singers |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1431425/fading-lollywoods-iconic-playback-singers |work=The Express Tribune |date=June 11, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=سائرہ نسیم نے اداکاری کے میدان میں قدم رکھ دیا |url=https://www.roznama92news.com/%D8%B3%DB%92-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%92-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%B1%DA%A9%DA%BE-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7 |work=Daily 92 News |date=24 June 2021 |access-date=26 February 2025 |archivedate=3 February 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203041148/https://www.roznama92news.com/%D8%B3%DB%92-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%92-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%BA-%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%B1%DA%A9%DA%BE-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==বঁটা আৰু স্বীকৃতি== {| class="wikitable" |- ! বৰ্ষ !! বঁটা !! শ্ৰেণী !! ফলাফল !! প্ৰদানকাৰী !! তথ্যসূত্ৰ |- | ১৯৯৫ || ''নিগাৰ বঁটা'' || ''শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নেপথ্য গায়িকা'' || {{Won}} || ''জংগল কা কানুন'' (ছবি) ||<ref name="pakistani oscar">{{cite web|title=Pakistan's "Oscars"; The Nigar Awards|url=https://www.desimoviesreviews.com/index.php/2017/11/24/pakistans-oscars-nigar-awards|website=Desi Movies Reviews|access-date=3 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613171619/https://www.desimoviesreviews.com/index.php/2017/11/24/pakistans-oscars-nigar-awards/|archive-date=13 June 2020|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722111654/https://www.desimoviesreviews.com/index.php/2017/11/24/pakistans-oscars-nigar-awards|archivedate=22 July 2015|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |- | ১৯৯৬ || ''নিগাৰ বঁটা'' || ''শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নেপথ্য গায়িকা'' (ছাজিয়া মজনুৰ সৈতে) || {{Won}} || ''চৌৰ মছায়ে ছৌৰ'' (ছবি) ||<ref name="pakistani oscar" /> |- | ১৯৯৮ || ''নিগাৰ বঁটা'' || ''শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নেপথ্য গায়িকা'' || {{Won}} || ''চোৰিয়া'' (ছবি) ||<ref name="pakistani oscar" /> |- | ২০০০ || ''নিগাৰ বঁটা'' || ''শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নেপথ্য গায়িকা'' || {{Won}} || ''মেহেন্দি ৱালী হাথ'' (ছবি) ||<ref name="pakistani oscar" /> |- | ২০২২ || ''ছুপাৰষ্টাৰ এৱাৰ্ড'' ||গায়ক || {{Won}} || ৰেডিঅ’ পাকিস্তান ||<ref>{{cite web |title=Radio Pakistan organizes colorful Diamond Jubilee Awards 2022 |url=https://radio.gov.pk/17-08-2022/radio-pakistan-organizes-colorful-diamond-jubilee-awards-2022 |website=radio.gov.pk |access-date=3 February 2023}}</ref> |} ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:পাকিস্তানৰ কণ্ঠশিল্পী]] 8khsrp38m9giftupuo0oyip24lv6xyl 0 115812 646170 639622 2026-10-20T01:47:15Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = চি আৰ বিজয়াকুমাৰী | image = | birth_date = | birth_place = মেট্টুপালায়ম, কইম্বাটুৰ জিলা, তামিলনাডু | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী | yearsactive = ১৯৫৩-২০০৩ | spouse =এচ এচ ৰাজেন্দ্ৰন <br/> (১৯৬১-১৯৭৩)<br/>(২০১৪ত মৃত্যু) <ref>{{cite web|title=S.S. Rajendran: Dialogue delivery was his forte|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/veteran-tamil-actor-ss-rajendran-passes-away-in-chennai/article6530024.ece|website=thehindu.com|accessdate=5 January 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025113846/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/veteran-tamil-actor-ss-rajendran-passes-away-in-chennai/article6530024.ece|archivedate=25 October 2014|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | children =ৰবিকুমাৰ (জন্ম ১৯৬৩)<ref name="ref1">{{cite web|title=Potpourri of titbits about cinema - Vijayakumari|url=http://www.kalyanamalaimagazine.com/Content/Thiraichuvai/June11_1_15/Potpourri_of_titbits_about_Tamil_cinema_Vijayakumari_page1.html|website=kalyanamalaimagazine.com|accessdate=5 January 2015}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> }} '''চি আৰ বিজয়াকুমাৰী''' ({{lang-en|C. R. Vijayakumari}}; ১৯৫৩ চনৰ পৰা ২০০৩ চনলৈ সক্ৰিয় হৈ থকা তামিল চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰী। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== বিজয়াকুমাৰীয়ে মোহনা নামেৰে আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত বিজয়াকুমাৰী নাম বাছি লোৱা হয়। তেওঁ নিজকে পতিয়ন যোগ্যভাৱে অভিনয় কৰা চৰিত্ৰলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰাৰ ক্ষমতাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত। তেওঁৰ তামিল উচ্চাৰণ আৰু সংলাপ প্ৰদানৰ বাবে তেওঁ বিখ্যাত। কুমুদম, সাৰদা, কুমগুম, নানুম অৰু পেন সন্থী, আনন্দী, অৱন পিথন, আল্লী, থেদি ৱান্থা থিৰুমাগল, পাচাই ভিলাক্কু, পাৰ মাগালে পাৰ, কাককুম কৰংগল, পুলিচকৰন মগল, কোডিমালাৰ, আৰু আলায়মণি আদি ছবিত কৰা অভিনয়ৰ বাবে তেওঁ শ্ৰেষ্ঠত্ব দিয়া হয়। পুম্পুহাৰ ছবিত কন্নাগীৰ চৰিত্ৰটো তেওঁৰ অন্যতম শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনয়। এম কৰুণানিধিৰ দ্বাৰা ৰচিত এই ছবিখনত তেওঁ প্ৰক্ষেপ কৰা সংলাপ আজিলৈকে এগৰাকী অভিনেত্ৰীয়ে প্ৰক্ষেপ আটাইতকৈ দীঘলীয়া সংলাপ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref name="ref1">{{cite web|title=Potpourri of titbits about cinema - Vijayakumari|url=http://www.kalyanamalaimagazine.com/Content/Thiraichuvai/June11_1_15/Potpourri_of_titbits_about_Tamil_cinema_Vijayakumari_page1.html|website=kalyanamalaimagazine.com|accessdate=5 January 2015}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="ref2">{{cite web|title=Vijayakumari Biography|url=http://profiles.lakshmansruthi.com/index.php?uid=273|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117071245/http://profiles.lakshmansruthi.com/index.php?uid=273|url-status=usurped|archive-date=17 January 2014|website=profiles.lakshmansruthi.com|accessdate=5 January 2015|archivedate=17 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117071245/http://profiles.lakshmansruthi.com/index.php?uid=273|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{cite web|title=Vijayakumari Filmography|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/vijayakumari-old-tamil-actress/filmography.html|website=filmibeat.com|accessdate=5 January 2015}} *{{IMDb name|id=1193271}} [[শ্ৰেণী:তামিল চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] puxxdju8rvtdrhp6d0y4fu6zy6tbwmj 0 118231 646135 614993 2026-10-19T21:31:06Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:মৰিছাছ]]; added [[Category:মৰিছাছৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|মৰিছিয়ান সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা বিজয়ী (১৯৯৯ জন্ম)}} {{Infobox pageant titleholder | image= | caption= | name = উৰ্বশী গোৰিয়া | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1999|1|8}} | birth_place = [[মৰিছাছ]] | height = 5'9 | hair_color = গাঢ় খৰিকাজুঁই | eye_color = ক'লা | title = মিছ মৰিছাছ ২০১৮ | competitions = মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড }} '''উৰ্বশী দেৱী গোৰিয়া''' (জন্ম: ৮ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯৯) এগৰাকী মৰিছিয়ান মডেল, উদ্যোগী আৰু সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা বিজয়ী, যিয়ে ''মিছ মৰিছাছ ২০১৮'' উপাধি লাভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ মৰিছিয়াছক মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড প্ৰতিযোগিতাত প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল আৰু ইউনিচেফত VOY হিচাপে সক্ৰিয় সদস্য।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rédaction |first1=La |title=Urvashi Gooriah est Miss Mauritius 2018 |url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/341011/urvashi-gooriah-est-miss-mauritius-2018 |access-date=20 April 2019 |work=lexpress.mu |date=13 October 2018 |language=fr |archivedate=20 April 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420165427/https://www.lexpress.mu/article/341011/urvashi-gooriah-est-miss-mauritius-2018 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vilipendée sur la toile - La Miss Mauritius 2018 : "Je comprends la réaction des Mauriciens" |url=https://defimedia.info/vilipendee-sur-la-toile-la-miss-mauritius-2018-je-comprends-la-reaction-des-mauriciens |access-date=20 April 2019 |work=Le Defi Media Group |language=fr}}</ref> উৰ্বশীয়ে ২০১৯ চনৰ মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতাত নিজৰ দেশক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lexpress.mu/article/350959/urvashi-gooriah-miss-mauritius-porte-plainte-pour-un-message-insultant-sur-instagram|title=Urvashi Gooriah, Miss Mauritius, porte plainte pour un message insultant sur Instagram|access-date=2025-03-17|archivedate=2022-07-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708034949/https://www.lexpress.mu/article/350959/urvashi-gooriah-miss-mauritius-porte-plainte-pour-un-message-insultant-sur-instagram|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == মিছ মৰিছাছ প্ৰতিযোগিতা ২০১৮ == {| class="wikitable" |- ! বছৰ ! প্ৰতিযোগিতা ! অৱস্থা ! টোকা |- | ২০১৮ | মিছ মৰিছাছ<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lemauricien.com/article/urvashi-gooriah-remporte-le-titre-de-miss-mauritius-2018/|title=Urvashi Gooriah remporte le titre de Miss Mauritius 2018|access-date=23 August 2019}}</ref> | বিজয়ী | |} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{Facebook|urvashigooriahofficial}} * {{Instagram|urvashigooriah}} * {{Twitter|UGooriah}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gooriah, Urvashi}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== <!-- নিবন্ধত থকা অন্তৰ্নিহিত উদ্ধৃতিসমূহ ইয়াত স্বয়ংক্ৰিয়ভাৱে প্ৰদৰ্শিত হ'ব --> {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মডেল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৰিছাছৰ ব্যক্তি]] 7r9149fz5hhf2qg6ay3ilz4fd1uqhnd 0 118233 646138 498035 2026-10-19T21:31:48Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:মৰিছাছ]]; added [[Category:মৰিছাছৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pageant titleholder | image= | caption= পল্লৱী গুঙ্গাৰাম | name = পল্লৱী গুঙ্গাৰাম | education = মৰিছাছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | birth_name = পল্লৱী গুঙ্গাৰাম | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|12|15|df=y}} | birth_place = ভাকোৱাছ, [[মৰিছাছ]] | height = {{height|m=1.65}} | hair_color = ক'লা | eye_color = ক'লা | title = মিছ মৰিছাছ ২০১৩ | competitions = মিছ মৰিছাছ ২০১৩<br>(বিজয়ী)<br>মিছ ইউনিভাৰ্স ২০১৪<br>(অৱস্থান লাভ নকৰা) }} '''পল্লৱী গুঙ্গাৰাম''' (জন্ম: ১৫ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৯৯৩), '''পল্লৱী ৰাম''' নামেও পৰিচিত, এগৰাকী [[মৰিছাছ]]ৰ সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা বিজয়ী, যিয়ে মিছ মৰিছাছ ২০১৩ উপাধি লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু মিছ ইউনিভাৰ্স ২০১৪-ত মৰিছাছক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল। পল্লৱী গুঙ্গাৰামে ২০২১ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে মুক্তি লাভ কৰা স্বাধীন চিনেমা ''Ocracoke''-ত অভিনেত্ৰী হিচাপে আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coastalreview.org/2020/11/vampire-film-puts-spotlight-on-ocracoke/ |title=Vampire Film Puts Spotlight on Ocracoke |publisher=Coastal Review |date=2020-11-25 }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == পল্লৱী গুঙ্গাৰাম বৰ্তমান [[মৰিছাছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]ত মনোবিজ্ঞানত স্নাতক (সম্মান) অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে, লগতে IGCIC-ত যোগাসনত ডিপ্লোমা লাভৰ বাবে অধ্যয়ন কৰি আছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://business.mega.mu/2013/05/27/miss-mauritius-2013-candidates-are-revealed/ |title=Miss Mauritius 2013: Candidates Are Revealed |publisher=Business.mega.mu |date=2013-05-27 |access-date=2013-11-11}}</ref> == সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা == === মিছ মৰিছাছ ২০১৩ === পল্লৱী গুঙ্গাৰাম '''মিছ মৰিছাছ ২০১৩''' উপাধি বিজয়ী হয়। ২০১৩ চনৰ ২৯ জুন তাৰিখে ভাকোৱাছ-ফিনিক্সৰ Johnson & Johnson Auditorium-ত অনুষ্ঠিত চূড়ান্ত প্ৰতিযোগিতাত তেওঁ বিজয়ী হয়। === মিছ ইউনিভাৰ্স ২০১৪ === পল্লৱীয়ে [[মিছ ইউনিভাৰ্স ২০১৪]]-ত মৰিছাছক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল যদিও কোনো স্থান লাভ কৰিব পৰা নাছিল। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মডেল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৰিছাছৰ ব্যক্তি]] sy6nevot8v044518945m9es62afx879 0 118915 646214 501828 2026-10-20T11:34:56Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = প্ৰিয়ম্বদা দেবী | image = প্ৰিয়ম্বদা দেবী.png | caption = <!-- other than just name --> | birth_name = <!-- if different --> | birth_date = {{Birth date text|1871}} | death_date = {{Death year and age|1935|1871}} | othername = | occupation = লেখিকা, শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী | years_active = | spouse = | domesticpartner = | website = }} '''প্ৰিয়ম্বদা দেবী''' ({{lang-en|: Priyamvada Devi }}; ১৮৭১-১৯৩৫) এগৰাকী বঙালী লেখিকা আৰু পৰোপকাৰী মহিলা আছিল।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Amin|first1=S. N.|title=The World of Muslim Women in Colonial Bengal, 1876-1939|date=1996|publisher=Brill|isbn=9004106421|page=233|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VcAfpv6x0m4C&dq=Priyamvada+Devi&pg=PA233|language=en}}</ref><ref name="pdbp" /> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== প্ৰিয়ম্বদা দেবী ১৮৭১ চনত গুণাইগাছা, [[পাবনা জিলা]], [[বঙাল প্ৰেছিডেঞ্চী]], [[ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাজ]]ত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ মাতৃ প্ৰসন্নময়ী এগৰাকী প্ৰসিদ্ধ লেখিকা আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ নাম কৃষ্ণকুমাৰ বাগচী আছিল। তেওঁৰ মমায়েক কেইজন হ’ল [[প্ৰমথ চৌধুৰী]] আৰু [[অশুতোষ চৌধুৰী]], দুয়োজনেই জনপ্ৰিয় লেখক আছিল। তেওঁ [[বেথুন স্কুল]]-ত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু কলকাতাৰ [[বেথুন কলেজ]]ৰ পৰা বি.এ. ডিগ্ৰী সম্পন্ন কৰিছিল।<ref name="pdbp">{{cite web|last1=Banerjee|first1=Suresh Chandra|title=Devi, Priyamvada|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Devi,_Priyamvada|website=Banglapedia|access-date=12 November 2017|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112132258/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Devi,_Priyamvada|archivedate=12 November 2017|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sen|first1=Skumar|title=History Of Bengali Literature|date=1979|publisher=South Asia Books|isbn=9788172011079|page=300|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Em5oAAAAMAAJ&q=Priyamvada+Devi|language=en}}</ref> ==কৰ্ম জীৱন== ১৮৯২ চনত দেৱীয়ে তাৰাদাস বেনাৰ্জীৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁৰ স্বামী এজন উকীল আছিল। ১৮৯৬ চনত তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰৰ মৃত্যু হয়, তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ সময় কটায়বলৈ লিখিবলৈ লয় আৰু তেওঁৰ দানশীল কামত নিয়োজিত হয়। [[ব্ৰহ্ম বালিকা শিক্ষাালয়]] (ব্ৰহ্ম বালিকা বিদ্যালয়)ত শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী হিচাপে যোগদান কৰে। ভাৰত ষ্ট্ৰী-মহামণ্ডলৰ মুৰব্বী হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। এই সময়ছোৱাত কেইবাখনো শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানতো কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁ স্বপ্নবাসৱদত্ত অনুবাদ কৰিছিল যিখন সংস্কৃত নাট আছিল। বাইবেলৰ কিছু অংশ অনুবাদ কৰি ভক্তবাণী নামেৰে প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ উল্লেখযোগ্য উপন্যাসসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছিল "জাপানৰ মহিলা", কাথা অ' উপকাথা, ঝিলেজাবগালে শিকাৰ অনাথ, পাভচুলাল, আৰু জাপানৰ গেইছাসকলৰ বিষয়ে লিখা ৰেনুকা নামৰ গ্ৰন্থ। তৰা, অংশু, ৰেণু, চম্পা অ' পাৰুল আদি কেইবাটাও কবিতাও ৰচনা কৰে।<ref name="pdbp" /> তেওঁ চেৰিটিৰ বাবে নাটক পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nāga|first1=Kālidāsa|title=Bethune School & College centenary volume, 1849-1949|date=1951|publisher=Bethune School & College|page=151|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5MhAQAAMAAJ&q=Priyamvada+Devi|language=en}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} nmcv6hj62hc7qhgqt073hy1ggbw439u 0 118934 646187 495859 2026-10-20T04:42:53Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = জেনী ৰাকোটোমামনজি | image = Jenny 20060916 Festival Delcourt 01.jpg | alt = এখন গ্ৰন্থ মেলাত জেনী | caption = পেৰিচৰ ডেলক’ৰ্ট উৎসৱত জেনী, ২০০৬ | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1979}} | birth_place = আণ্টানানাৰিভো, মাদাগাস্কাৰ | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = মাদাগাস্কাৰ | occupation = কাৰ্টুনিষ্ট | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = }} '''জেনী ৰাকোটোমামনজি''' ({{lang-en| Jenny Rakotomamongy; জন্ম: ১৯৭৯}}), পৰিচিত নাম জেনী, এগৰাকী মালাগাছি জন্মৰ ফৰাচী কাৰ্টুনকাৰ আৰু এনিমেটৰ। তেওঁ চিবিমাগ কমিক্স ষ্টুডিঅ'ৰ সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Jenny|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/j/jenny.htm|access-date=2020-09-02|website=lambiek.net|language=en}}</ref> ==জীৱনী== ১৯৭৯ চনত মাদাগাস্কাৰৰ আণ্টানানাৰিভোত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰা জেনী ৰাকোটোমামনজিয়ে ৩ বছৰ বয়সত পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ সৈতে দ্বীপটো এৰি পেৰিছৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চললৈ গুচি যায়।<ref name=":0" /> পেৰিছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ১ প্যান্থেয়ন-ছ'ৰবনৰ চেণ্ট-চাৰ্লছ চেণ্টাৰত তেওঁ শিল্প অধ্যয়ন কৰে, তাৰ পিছত গ'বেলিনছত এনিমেচনৰ ওপৰত দুবছৰীয়া কাৰ্যসূচী ল’ইক’ল ডি ল’ইমেজ সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2008-03-31|title=Jenny Rakotomamonjy – Jeune Afrique|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/56948/archives-thematique/jenny-rakotomamonjy/|access-date=2020-09-02|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ২০০২ চনত কেৱল নামৰ প্ৰথম অংশৰে নিজৰ কামত চহী কৰা জেনীয়ে এণ্টোৱান এণ্টিনৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম এনিমেটেড চুটি ছবি ''লে পেপিলন'' নিৰ্মাণ কৰে।<ref name=":1" /> সেই বছৰৰ এন্নেচি আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় এনিমেচন চলচ্চিত্ৰ মহোৎসৱত ''কেনেল জে বঁটা''ৰ বাবে এই চুটি ছবিখন নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2008-03-31|title=Bio express : Jenny Rakotomamonjy – Jeune Afrique|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/57078/archives-thematique/bio-express-jenny-rakotomamonjy/|access-date=2020-09-02|website=JeuneAfrique.com|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ইয়াৰ কিছু সময়ৰ পিছতে মাৰাথন এনিমেচনে তেওঁক মাৰ্টিন মিষ্ট্ৰী ধাৰাবাহিকৰ চৰিত্ৰ ডিজাইন আৰু টটালি স্পাইছৰ ষ্ট'ৰীব'ৰ্ডৰ কাম কৰিবলৈ নিযুক্তি দিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite news|last=Raberanto|first=Aina Zo|date=2017-06-27|title=Jenny Rakotomamonjy: "J’assume mes japonaiseries"|work=No Comment|issue=89|url=https://www.nocomment.mg/jenny-rakotomamonjy-jassume-mes-japonaiseries/}}</ref> জেনীয়ে ২০০৫ চনত তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম কমিক শ্বোজো মাংগা-শৈলীৰ পিংক ডায়েৰী মুকলি কৰে।<ref name=":2" /> ফ্ৰান্সৰ ডেলক'ৰ্টৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰকাশিত পিংক ডায়েৰী ছিৰিজে<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pink Diary T01|url=https://www.editions-delcourt.fr/serie/pink-diary-t01.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=Pink Diary T01|language=fr-fr|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803151546/https://www.editions-delcourt.fr/serie/pink-diary-t01.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=2020-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803151546/https://www.editions-delcourt.fr/serie/pink-diary-t01.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনত ফৰাচী আলোচনী এনিমেলেণ্ডৰ পৰা শ্ৰেষ্ঠ মাংগা-শৈলীৰ বেণ্ডে ডেচিনিৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-05-04|title=14e Anime & Manga GRAND PRIX : les vainqueurs|url=https://animeland.fr/dossier/14e-anime-manga-grand-prix-les-vainqueurs/|access-date=2020-09-02|website=AnimeLand|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728201141/https://animeland.fr/dossier/14e-anime-manga-grand-prix-les-vainqueurs/|archivedate=2020-07-28|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ই ২০০৮ চনলৈকে চলিছিল,<ref name=":2" /> তাৰ পিছত জেনীয়ে এখন নতুন ধাৰাবাহিক মেথিল্ড<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mathilde T01 - Le Temps des soupirs|url=https://www.editions-delcourt.fr/serie/mathilde-t01-le-temps-des-soupirs.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=Mathilde T01 - Le Temps des soupirs|language=fr-fr}}</ref> আৰম্ভ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছত চাৰা এট লেছ কণ্টেছ পাৰ্ডাছ।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sara et les contes perdus T01|url=https://www.editions-delcourt.fr/serie/sara-et-les-contes-perdus-t01.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=Sara et les contes perdus T01|language=fr-fr|archive-date=2020-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812153057/https://www.editions-delcourt.fr/serie/sara-et-les-contes-perdus-t01.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> পেট্ৰিচিয়া লাইফংৰ লা ৰোজ একাৰলেট ছিৰিজৰ স্পিন অফৰ কামো কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=La Rose Écarlate - Missions 3 : bande annonce|url=https://www.editions-delcourt.fr/actus/news/la-rose-ecarlate-missions-3-bande-annonce.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=www.editions-delcourt.fr|language=fr-fr|archive-date=2015-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023004026/http://www.editions-delcourt.fr/actus/news/la-rose-ecarlate-missions-3-bande-annonce.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=2015-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023004026/http://www.editions-delcourt.fr/actus/news/la-rose-ecarlate-missions-3-bande-annonce.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০০৩ চনত তেওঁ চিবিমাগ কমিক্স ষ্টুডিঅ'ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক সদস্যও হয়, যাৰ জৰিয়তে তেওঁ বিভিন্ন কমিক ফেনজিনত সহযোগিতা আগবঢ়াইছে।<ref name=":0" /> জেনী ফ্ৰান্সৰ ইউৰে-এট-লয়ৰত থাকে,<ref>{{Cite web|title=JENNY|url=https://www.editions-delcourt.fr/auteur/jenny.html|access-date=2020-09-02|website=www.editions-delcourt.fr|language=fr-fr}}</ref> য'ত তেওঁ সঘনাই তেওঁৰ স্বামী, সহযোগী কমিকছ সৃষ্টিকৰ্তা এলেক্সিছ ক'ৰিডুনৰ সৈতে সহযোগিতা কৰে।<ref name=":0" /> ==তথ্য সূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:কাৰ্টুনিষ্ট]] 6jtj4nt1ls44mhyrtua7n5xb0zc0vjq 0 119033 646175 537400 2026-10-20T02:32:57Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = চুলতানা কমল | image = Sultana_Kamal.jpg | image_size = | native_name = সুলতানা কামাল | native_name_lang = bn | occupation = অধিবক্তা, মানৱ অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1950}} | spouse = সুপ্ৰিয় চক্ৰৱৰ্তী | father = কামাল উদ্দিন আহমেদ | mother = [[Sufia Kamal]] | alma_mater = [[ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] | education = স্নাতকোত্তৰ (কলা) | awards = জন হামফ্ৰে ফ্ৰিডম এৱাৰ্ড, অনন্যা শীৰ্ষ দহটা বঁটা (১৯৯৫) | children = [[দিয়া চক্ৰৱৰ্তী]] }} '''চুলতানা কামাল''' ({{Lang-en|Sultana Kamal}}) এগৰাকী বাংলাদেশী অধিবক্তা তথা মানৱ অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী। তেওঁ নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ সংস্থা আইন অ' ছালিছ কেন্দ্ৰৰ কাৰ্যবাহী সঞ্চালিকা হিচাপে কাম কৰে।<ref>{{cite web|title=Members of Ain o Salish Kendra (ASK)|accessdate=20 December 2013|publisher=ASK Official site|url=http://www.askbd.org/web/?page_id=423|archivedate=19 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219153830/http://www.askbd.org/web/?page_id=423|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Sayeed |year=2012 |chapter=Ain o Salish Kendra |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ain_o_Salish_Kendra |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260101194713/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ain_o_Salish_Kendra |archivedate=2026-01-01 |access-date=2025-03-23}}</ref>২০০৬ চনত ২০০৬-২০০৮ চনৰ বাংলাদেশৰ ৰাজনৈতিক সংকটৰ সময়ত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি ইয়াজুদ্দিন আহমেদৰ নেতৃত্বত বাংলাদেশৰ কেয়াৰটেকাৰ চৰকাৰত উপদেষ্টা হিচাপে তেওঁ কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|script-title=bn:অধ্যাপক গোলাম আযম রাজাকার আল বদর আল শামস বা শান্তি কমিটি কোনোটিরই প্রধান ছিলেন না|publisher=Daily Sangram|url=http://www.dailysangram.com/news_details.php?news_id=96190|date=14 September 2012|language=bn|access-date=13 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221081146/http://www.dailysangram.com/news_details.php?news_id=96190|archive-date=21 December 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all|title=আৰ্কাইভ কপি|archivedate=21 December 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221081146/http://www.dailysangram.com/news_details.php?news_id=96190|deadurl=yes}}</ref> কামালে আন তিনিজন উপদেষ্টাৰ সৈতে তত্ত্বাৱধায়ক চৰকাৰৰ পৰা পদত্যাগ কৰে<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/2006/12/12/d6121201022.htm|title=No scope for work|date=12 December 2006|work=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]|accessdate=2 March 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024084912/http://www.thedailystar.net/2006/12/12/d6121201022.htm |archivedate=24 October 2012}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মাতৃ [[ছুফিয়া কামাল|চুফিয়া কামাল]] বাংলাদেশ [[বাংলাদেশৰ মুক্তিযুদ্ধ|মুক্তি যুদ্ধ]]ৰ অংশগ্ৰহণকাৰী আছিল। == প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা == ১৯৫০ চনত কামাল উদ্দিন আহমেদ আৰু চুফিয়া কামালৰ ঘৰত চুলতানাৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। চুফিয়া আছিল এগৰাকী লেখিকা আৰু কবি।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.settlequakers.org.uk/opening_14.html |title=Settle Quaker Meeting |access-date=9 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220005054/http://www.settlequakers.org.uk/opening_14.html |archive-date=20 December 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |archivedate=20 December 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220005054/http://www.settlequakers.org.uk/opening_14.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁ লীলা নাঘৰ নাৰী শিখখা মণ্ডিৰত নামভৰ্তি কৰিছিল। আজিমপুৰ গাৰ্লছ হাইস্কুলৰ পৰা এছ এছ চি আৰু হলি ক্ৰছ কলেজৰ পৰা এইচ এছ চি উত্তীৰ্ণ হয়। পাছলৈ তেওঁ [[ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]ৰ পৰা স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। ১৯৭৮ চনত তেওঁ আইনত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ বি চি এছ পৰীক্ষাত উত্তীৰ্ণ হৈছিল। ১৯৮১ চনত [[নেদাৰলেণ্ড]]ত মহিলা আৰু উন্নয়নত উন্নয়ন অধ্যয়নত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== চুলতানা কামালে সংগীত মহাবিদ্যালয়ত শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী হিচাপে জীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ পাছলৈ বাংলাদেশ ধঁপাত কোম্পানীত যোগদান কৰে। ১৯৭৬ চনত [[চিলেট]]ৰ খাদিমনগৰত আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় স্বেচ্ছাসেৱী সেৱাত যোগদান কৰে। ১৯৯০ চনলৈকে তেওঁ হংকঙত ভিয়েটনামী নাও জনগোষ্ঠীৰ বাবে [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ|ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ]] আইনী পৰামৰ্শদাতা হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল। ১৯৯৬ চনত তেওঁ [[কানাডা]]ৰ মানৱ অধিকাৰ সংগঠন ৰাইটছ এণ্ড ডেম'ক্ৰেচিৰ পৰা জন হামফ্ৰে ফ্ৰিডম বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dd-rd.ca/site/humphrey_award/index.php?subsection=about_the_award |title=John Humphrey Freedom Award 2009 |author= |year=2010 |publisher=Rights & Democracy |access-date=11 May 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927210443/http://www.dd-rd.ca/site/humphrey_award/index.php?subsection=about_the_award |archive-date=27 September 2011 |df=dmy-all |archivedate=27 September 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927210443/http://www.dd-rd.ca/site/humphrey_award/index.php?subsection=about_the_award |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ১৯৭১ চনত মুক্তি বাহিনীতো যোগদান কৰি স্বাধীনতা সংগ্ৰামীসকলৰ বাবে [[আগৰতলা]]ত বাংলাদেশ ফিল্ড হস্পিতালৰ অন্যতম প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক আছিল। মুক্তিযুদ্ধত লোৱা ভূমিকাৰ বাবে চিএনচিৰ বিশেষ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰা চাৰিগৰাকী মহিলাৰ ভিতৰত দুগৰাকীয়েই আছিল চুলতানা আৰু তেওঁৰ ভগ্নী ছাইদা। কামালে সামাজিক, আইনী আৰু লিংগৰ বিষয়ে দৈনিক আৰু সাময়িকীত লিখে। তেখেতে মহিলাৰ আইনী অধিকাৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় এখন গ্ৰন্থ "Her Unfearing Mind" শীৰ্ষক ইংৰাজীলৈ অনুবাদ কৰি প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। তেওঁৰ শেহতীয়া প্ৰকাশনসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে মনবিধাকৰ, ৰাষ্ট্ৰ অ' সমাজ (মানৱ অধিকাৰ, ৰাজ্য আৰু সমাজ) আৰু চিলাম কোথায় জেনো নিলিমাৰ নিচে৷ এইখন যোৱা পঁচিশ বছৰত তেওঁ লিখা প্ৰবন্ধৰ সংকলন। তেওঁ মানৱ আৰু মহিলাৰ অধিকাৰৰ সৈতে জড়িত বিষয়সমূহৰ সমাধানৰ বাবে পেছাদাৰী ক্ষমতাত ৩০খনতকৈও অধিক দেশ ভ্ৰমণ কৰিছিল। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == [[শ্ৰেণী:বাংলাদেশৰ নাৰী অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অধিবক্তা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মানৱ অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বাংলাদেশৰ ব্যক্তি]] clbv68t4hiqfga39ds23mha33ql5b8a 0 119536 646121 581847 2026-10-19T21:13:05Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:চুদান]]; added [[Category:চুদানী ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = অ'লা আলশ্বেইখ<br>عُلا الشيخ | field = প্ৰামাণ্য আলোকচিত্ৰ | elected = | awards = | movement = | training = | nationality = | image = Ola alshiekh extracted.jpg | death_place = | death_date = | birth_place = ওমডুৰমান, [[চুদান]] | birth_date = | birth_name = | caption = | alt = | imagesize = | website = [https://olaalsheikh.co.uk/ ব্যক্তিগত ৱেবচাইট] }} '''অ'লা আলশ্বেইখ''', বা '''অ'লা আব্বাছ আলশ্বেইখ ওমৰ''' (عُلا عباس الشيخ عمر; জন্ম ওমডুৰমান, [[চুদান]]) এগৰাকী চুদানী মুক্ত-প্ৰাণ প্ৰামাণ্য আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী। তেওঁ মুখ্যতঃ খাৰ্তুমৰ দৈনন্দিন জীৱন আৰু সমাজিক ঘটনাসমূহ আলোকচিত্ৰত বন্দী কৰাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত। বিশেষকৈ, চুদানী মহিলা আৰু কন্যাসকলৰ ছবি তুলাত লগতে চুদানৰ সামাজিক আৰু জাতিগত বৈচিত্ৰ্য প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰাত তেওঁ গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰিছে। == জীৱন আৰু জীৱিকা == [[File:Modern schools in Sudan.jpg|thumb|ওমডুৰমানৰ এখন বিদ্যালয়ৰ ছাত্ৰী, অ'লা আলশ্বেইখৰ ফটো|left|251x251px]] [[File:Sudanese women in protests.jpg|thumb|২০১৯ চনৰ প্ৰতিবাদত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা চুদানী মহিলা, অ'লা আলশ্বেইখে তোলা ছবি]] অ'লা আলশ্বেইখ ওমডুৰমান, [[চুদান]]ত জন্ম গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু [[জাৰ্মানী]], [[চৌদি আৰৱ]] আৰু চুদানত ডাঙৰদীঘল হয়। তেওঁ খাৰ্তুম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা বিদ্যুৎ-প্ৰযুক্তিবিদ্যাৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name=":0" /> বিবিচি নিউজৰ এটা প্ৰতিবেদন অনুসৰি, এজনী মহিলা আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী হিচাপে খাৰ্তুমৰ ৰাস্তাত ফটো তোলাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ঠাট্টা-বিদ্ৰূপ বা ইফাল-সিফালৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছিল। তেওঁ এই মানসিকতাৰ কাৰণ হিচাপে উল্লেখ কৰিছে যে খাৰ্তুমত মানুহে সাধাৰণতে ৰাস্তাত এটা কেমেৰাৰ সৈতে এজনী মহিলাক দেখা পোৱা নাই। কিন্তু এই সকলো বাধাৰ সত্ত্বেও, তেওঁ কয়: "''মই চুদানৰ বাস্তৱ জীৱন প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিব বিচাৰোঁ - বহু দিন ধৰি বিশ্বৰ দ্বাৰা আমাক উপেক্ষা কৰা হৈছে''।" <ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-08-21|title=In pictures: 'This is the Sudan I want to show'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44937742|access-date=2021-02-13}}</ref> [[File:The Sufis in omdurman.jpg|thumb|ওমডুৰমানৰ চুফী সাধুসকল, অ'লা আলশ্বেইখৰ ফটো]] অক্টোবৰ ২০১৮ চনত, Amateur Photographer আলোচনীত আলচেইখৰ চুদানৰ আধুনিক জীৱনৰ আলোকচিত্ৰ সন্দৰ্ভত এটা প্ৰবন্ধ প্ৰকাশিত হয়। এই প্ৰবন্ধ অনুসৰি, আলচেইখে প্ৰথমটো ফিল্ম কেমেৰা ১৯৯৮ চনত কিনিছিল, কিন্তু ১২ বছৰ পিছত ডিজিটেল কেমেৰা লৈ গৈ প্ৰামাণ্য আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পত গভীৰভাৱে জড়িত হয়। তাৰপিছৰতকৈ তেওঁ সমাজিক সজাগতা বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ প্ৰয়াসত নিজৰ কেমেৰা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি দৈনন্দিন জীৱন আলোকচিত্ৰত বন্দী কৰিছে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, প্ৰবন্ধটোৱে উল্লেখ কৰে যে তেওঁ ওমডুৰমানৰ জনপ্ৰিয় [[চুফীবাদ|চুফী]] আচাৰ-অনুষ্ঠানসমূহ আলোকচিত্ৰত বন্দী কৰিছে।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Nicholson|first=Angela|date=2018-10-20|title=Changing Perceptions|url=https://www.amateurphotographer.co.uk/?issue=amateur-photographer-20-october-2018|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Amateur Photographer|pages=8–9}}</ref> ২০১৮-১৯ চনৰ চুদানী বিপ্লৱৰ সময়ত, বিবিচি নিউজে বছীৰ চৰকাৰৰ পতনৰ দাবীত হোৱা প্ৰতিবাদৰ তেওঁৰ তোলা আলোকচিত্ৰসমূহ প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-04-09|title=Sudan protests in pictures: 'We are here for the night shift'|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47873293|access-date=2021-02-13}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনত, ফ্ৰান্সৰ Le Monde নামৰ বাতৰি কাকতেও খাৰ্তুমত থকা এৰিত্ৰিয়াৰ শৰণাৰ্থীসকলৰ ওপৰত এখন প্ৰতিবেদনত তেওঁৰ ছবি প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-07-30|title=Le combat de Mana A., réfugiée érythréenne, pour faire venir ses enfants en France|language=fr|work=Le Monde.fr|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/07/30/le-combat-d-une-refugiee-pour-faire-venir-ses-enfants_5494864_3224.html|access-date=2021-02-15}}</ref> == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://olaalsheikh.co.uk/ ব্যক্তিগত ৱেবচাইট] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250624040756/https://olaalsheikh.co.uk/ |date=2025-06-24 }} * [https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-44888715 ''চুদানত সাংবাদিকতা: মই ঠাট্টা, বিৰূপ মন্তব্য আৰু হয়ৰানিৰ সন্মুখীন,'' BBC Africa One Minute Storiesৰ ভিডিঅ’ প্ৰতিবেদন] * [https://www.olaalsheikh.com/Sudans-Invisible-Heroes/i-w25wMmZ/A চুদানৰ অদৃশ্য নায়ক, ওলা আলচেইখৰ খাৰ্তুমত অন্ধ লোক আৰু তৎপৰ শিক্ষকসকলৰ ওপৰত আলোকচিত্ৰ কাহিনী] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101140842/https://www.olaalsheikh.com/Sudans-Invisible-Heroes/i-w25wMmZ/A |date=2023-01-01 }} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:আলচেইখ, ওলা}} == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চুদানী ব্যক্তি]] 99y39mhi1449gjljjyf1p68uib2zfpe 0 119538 646147 515603 2026-10-19T21:44:45Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:দেশ]]; added [[Category:আফ্ৰিকাৰ দেশ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = চুদান গণৰাজ্য | common_name = চুদান | native_name = {{native name|ar|جمهورية السودان|italics=off}}<br />''{{transliteration|ar|Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān}}'' | image_flag = Flag of Sudan.svg | flag_type = পতাকা | religion_year = ২০২২ | image_coat = Emblem of Sudan.svg | symbol_type = প্ৰতীক | national_motto = {{lang|ar|النصر لنا}}<br />{{transliteration|ar|an-Naṣr lanā}}<br />"জয় আমাৰ" | national_anthem = {{lang|ar|نحن جند اللّٰه، جند الوطن}}<br />{{transliteration|ar|[[Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan|Naḥnu jund Allah, jund al-waṭan]]}}<br />"আমি ঈশ্বৰৰ সেনা, মাতৃভূমিৰ সেনা"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Sudanese national anthem, performed by the U.S. Navy Band (instrumental).oga]]}} | image_map = File:Sudan (orthographic projection) highlighted.svg | map_caption = {{Legend|#336830|চুদান গণৰাজ্যৰ অৱস্থান}}{{Legend|#61E760|দখল নোহোৱা দাবী কৰা অঞ্চল}} | capital = খাৰ্তুম | admin_center = প'ৰ্ট চুদান{{efn|চুদান চৰকাৰে চলিত খাৰ্তুমৰ যুদ্ধৰ বাবে প'ৰ্ট চুদানলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/paramilitary-rsf-say-they-have-seized-sudans-second-city-2023-10-26/|title=Paramilitary RSF say they have seized Sudan's second city |website=[[Reuters]] }}</ref>}} | admin_center_type = চৰকাৰী আসন | largest_city = [[খাৰটুম]] | official_languages = {{hlist|[[আৰবী ভাষা|আৰবী]]|[[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]]}} | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist |৭০% [[চুদানী আৰৱ]] |৫.৯% [[বেজা]] |২.৫% [[নুবা]] |২% [[ফুৰ]] |২% [[মিছৰীয়]] |১.৩% [[নুবীয়]] |১৬.৩% অন্যান্য }} | government_type = সংঘীয় চৰকাৰৰ অধীনস্থ গণৰাজ্য (সেনা জুণ্টা) | leader_title1 = সংক্ৰমণকালীন সাৰ্বভৌম পৰিষদৰ অধ্যক্ষ | leader_name1 = আব্দেল ফাত্তাহ আল-বুৰহান | leader_title2 = উপ-সভাপতি | leader_name2 = মালিক আগাৰ | leader_title3 = প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী | leader_name3 = {{indented plainlist|*ওছমান হুছেইন (কাৰ্যবাহী)}} | legislature = সংক্ৰমণকালীন বিধানসভা | religion = {{ublist||৯৭% চুন্নী ইসলাম<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sd.undp.org/sudan%20overview.htm |title=Sudan Overview |website=www.sd.undp.org |access-date=২০২৫-০১-২০ |archivedate=2012-06-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605132439/http://www.sd.undp.org/sudan%20overview.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |৩% খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্ম<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meconcern.org/countries/sudan/|title=Religion in Sudan|access-date=২০২৫-০১-২০}}</ref> }} | sovereignty_type = গঠনৰ ইতিহাস | established_event1 = কৰ্মা ৰাজ্য | established_date1 = খ্ৰীঃ পূঃ ২৫০০ | established_event2 = কুশ ৰাজ্য | established_date2 = খ্ৰীঃ পূঃ ১০৭০ | established_event3 = মাকুৰিয়া, নোবাটিয়া, আৰু এলোদিয়া | established_date3 = আনুমানিক ৩৫০ খ্ৰীঃ | established_event4 = তুঞ্জুৰ ৰাজ্য, ফুঞ্জ চুলতানত | established_date4 = আনুমানিক ১৫০০ খ্ৰীঃ | established_event5 = তুৰ্কো-মিচৰীয় চুদান | established_date5 = ১৮২০ | established_event6 = মাহদী ৰাজ্য | established_date6 = ১৮৮৫ | established_event7 = এংল'-মিচৰীয় চুদান | established_date7 = ১৮৯৯ | established_event8 = চুদানৰ স্বাধীনতা | established_date8 = ১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৫৬ | established_event9 = চুদান গণতান্ত্ৰিক গণৰাজ্য | established_date9 = ২৫ মে' ১৯৬৯ | established_event10 = চুদান (১৯৮৫-২০১৯) | established_date10 = ৬ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৮৫ | established_event11 = দক্ষিণ চুদানৰ স্বাধীনতা]] | established_date11 = ৯ জুলাই ২০১১ | established_event12 = চুদানী বিপ্লৱ | established_date12 = ১৯ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০১৮ | established_event13 = ২০১৯ সংবিধান খচৰা ঘোষণা কাৰ্যকৰী | established_date13 = ২০ আগষ্ট ২০১৯ | area_km2 = ১৮৮৬০৬৮ | area_rank = ১৫তম | population_estimate = ৫০,৪৬৭,২৭৮ | population_estimate_year = ২০২৪ | population_estimate_rank = ৩০তম | population_density_km2 = ২১.৩ | GDP_PPP = $১৭২.৬৫১ বিলিয়ন | GDP_nominal = $২৫.৫৬৯ বিলিয়ন | currency = চুদানী পাউণ্ড | currency_code = SDG | time_zone = মধ্য আফ্ৰিকা সময় (CAT) | utc_offset = +২ | drives_on = সোঁফালে | calling_code = [[+২৪৯]] | iso3166code = SD | cctld = {{ublist|[[.sd]]|{{lang|ar|[[Internationalized country code top-level domain|.السودان]]}}}} | demonym = চুদানী লোক }} '''চুদান''' ([[আৰবী ভাষা|আৰবী]]: السودان, Sūdān), আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে '''চুদান গণৰাজ্য''', উত্তৰ-পূৱ আফ্ৰিকাৰ এখন দেশ। ইয়াৰ উত্তৰত [[মিচৰ]], পশ্চিমত [[চাদ]], উত্তৰ-পশ্চিমত [[লিবিয়া]], পূৱত [[লোহিত সাগৰ]], দক্ষিণ-পূৱত [[ইৰিত্ৰিয়া]] আৰু [[ইথিঅ'পিয়া]], আৰু দক্ষিণত [[দক্ষিণ চুদান]] অৱস্থিত। ২০২৪ চনৰ হিচাপত চুদানৰ জনসংখ্যা ৫ কোটি<ref>{{cite web |title=Sudan Population 2024 (Live) |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/sudan-population/ |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=}}</ref> আৰু ইয়াৰ আয়তন ১,৮৮৬,০৬৮ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ (৭২৮,২১৫ বৰ্গমাইল), যাৰ ফলত ই আফ্ৰিকাৰ তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম দেশ আৰু আৰব লীগৰ তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম দেশ। ২০১১ চনত দক্ষিণ চুদান বিচ্ছিন্ন হোৱাৰ আগলৈকে আফ্ৰিকা আৰু আৰব লীগৰ ক্ষেত্ৰফল অনুসৰি ই আছিল সৰ্ববৃহৎ দেশ; <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html#su |title=Area |work=The World Factbook |publisher=U.S. Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=13 May 2018 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226211750/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html#su |url-status=dead |archivedate=26 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226211750/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html#su |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেতিয়াৰ পৰাই দুয়োটা খিতাপ আলজেৰিয়াৰ হাতত আছে। চুদানৰ ৰাজধানী আৰু জনবহুল চহৰখন হৈছে খাৰ্তুম। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:আফ্ৰিকাৰ দেশ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:গণৰাজ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চুদান]] drlslltfixyieicyv8837z4qo0fjcc9 0 119882 646126 536550 2026-10-19T21:17:47Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:চুদান]]; added [[Category:চুদানী ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646126 wikitext text/x-wiki '''জেমা নুনু কুম্বা''' (ইংৰাজী: Jemma Nunu Kumba; জন্ম: ১৯৬৬) এগৰাকী দক্ষিণ [[চুদান]]ৰ ৰাজনীতিবিদ। বৰ্তমান দক্ষিণ চুদানৰ লিংগ, শিশু আৰু সমাজ কল্যাণ মন্ত্ৰী। ২০০৪ চনত ব্যাপক শান্তি চুক্তিৰ আৰম্ভণিতে তেওঁ চুদান মহিলা সংসদীয় ককাছ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। এছ পি এল এম-এ তেওঁক পুনৰুজ্জীৱিত পৰিৱৰ্তনশীল ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিধানসভাৰ (আৰ-টি এন এল এ) অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=South Sudan appoints female as speaker of parliament|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2021/07/24/South-Sudan-appoints-female-as-speaker-of-parliament|work=Al Arabiya English|language=en|date=24 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-23|title=Nunu Kumba selected TNLA Speaker|url=https://www.eyeradio.org/nunu-kumba-selected-tnla-speaker/|accessdate=2022-10-11|work=Eye Radio|language=en-US}}</ref> তেওঁ দক্ষিণ চুদানৰ সংসদৰ সভাপতিত্ব কৰা প্ৰথমগৰাকী মহিলা হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-24|title=Jemma Nunu Kumba: S.Sudan's first female parliament speaker|url=https://jordantimes.com/news/region/jemma-nunu-kumba-ssudans-first-female-parliament-speaker|accessdate=2022-10-10|work=Jordan Times|language=en}}</ref> == আৰম্ভণি জীৱন == জেম্মা নুনু কুম্বাৰ জন্ম পশ্চিম ইকুৱেটোৰিয়াৰ টম্বুৰা কাউণ্টিত হৈছিল। শৈশৱ কালত, তেওঁ টম্বুৰা কাউণ্টিৰ পৰা মধ্য আফ্ৰিকাৰ এটা উদ্বাস্তুশিবিৰলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হৈছিল। পাছত, তেওঁ ১৯৮৩ৰ পৰা ১৯৮৬লৈ জুবাত জুবা ডে নামৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়ত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল।<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://radiotamazuj.org/en/article/who%E2%80%99s-who-splm-juba-faction-jemma-nunu-kumba|title=Who's who of the SPLM-Juba faction: Jemma Nunu Kumba {{!}} Radio Tamazuj|access-date=2016-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023072016/https://radiotamazuj.org/en/article/who%E2%80%99s-who-splm-juba-faction-jemma-nunu-kumba|archive-date=2016-10-23|url-status=dead|archivedate=2016-10-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023072016/https://radiotamazuj.org/en/article/who%E2%80%99s-who-splm-juba-faction-jemma-nunu-kumba|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ১৯৯১ চনত, জেম্মাই খাৰ্তুম এৰি কিডেপো উপত্যকাত গৈ তেওঁৰ স্বামীৰ সৈতে যোগদান কৰে, যি সেই সময়ত SPLM/A দ্বাৰা মুক্ত কৰা অঞ্চলসমূহৰ অন্যতম আছিল। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == তেওঁৰ স্বামী ফেষ্টো কুম্বা, যি পূৰ্বৰ পশু সম্পদ আৰু মাছচাষ মন্ত্ৰী আছিল আৰু তেওঁ জান্দে জনগোষ্ঠীৰ অন্তৰ্গত।<ref name=":1" /> দম্পতীটোৰ চাৰি সন্তান আছে।<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=The Insider |first1=The Insider |title=Who is Rt Hon. Jemma Nunu Kumba? |url=https://www.theinsider-ss.com/who-is-rt-hon-jemma-nunu-kumba/ |website=theinsider-ss.com |date=9 August 2021 |publisher=The Insider |access-date=3 October 2023 |archivedate=22 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122153341/https://www.theinsider-ss.com/who-is-rt-hon-jemma-nunu-kumba/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:চুদানী ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মহিলা ৰাজনীতিবিদ]] crnbabc5hfdztbd3nzf631r8fp93hbx 0 120277 646139 503924 2026-10-19T21:32:08Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:মৰিছাছ]]; added [[Category:মৰিছাছৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox model | name = বিবেকা বাবাজী | image = | birth_name = বিবেকা বাবাজী | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1973|05|27}} | birth_place = প'ৰ্ট লুইছ, [[মৰিছাছ]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2010|6|25|1973|5|23}} | death_place = বান্দ্ৰা, [[মুম্বাই]], ভাৰত | height = ৫ ফুট ৯ ইঞ্চি (১.৭৫ মিটাৰ) | haircolor = ক’লা | eyecolor = ক’লা | agency = | website = }} '''বিবেকা বাবাজী''' (২৭ মে’ ১৯৭৩ – ২৫ জুন ২০১০) এগৰাকী [[মৰিছাছ]]ৰ অভিনেত্ৰী, ম’ডেল আৰু সৌন্দৰ্য্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা বিজয়ী আছিল। তেওঁ মিছ মৰিছাছ ৱাৰ্ল্ড ১৯৯৩ আৰু মিছ মৰিছাছ ইউনিভাৰ্ছ ১৯৯৪ খিতাপ লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=48 |title=List of Former Miss Mauritius World |publisher=Miss Mauritius Organisation |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727085639/http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=48 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |archivedate=27 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727085639/http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=28&Itemid=48 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=43 |title=List of Former Miss Mauritius Universe |publisher=Miss Mauritius Organisation |access-date=26 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727090309/http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=43 |archive-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |archivedate=27 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727090309/http://missmauritius2007.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=43 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁ ১৯৯০ চনৰ দশকত [[কামসূত্ৰ]] [[কণ্ডম]]ৰ বিজ্ঞাপনসমূহৰ বাবে জনপ্ৰিয় আছিল<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdt6nk5q_9A |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913174948/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zdt6nk5q_9A |archive-date=2021-09-13 |url-status=dead|date=2010-06-27 |title=Rare Kamasutra Condom Ad | website=[[YouTube]] |format=VID}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৯৪ চনৰ মানিলা চলচ্চিত্ৰ উৎসৱ কেলেংকাৰীৰ সৈতে জড়িত আছিল।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/263943/supermodelactress-viveka-babajee-hangs-self-india |title=Supermodel-actress Viveka Babajee hangs self in India |publisher=Manila Bulletin |date=26 June 2010 |first=Robert R |last=Requintina}}</ref> ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন== বিবেকা বাবাজী ১৯৭৩ চনৰ ২৭ মে’ তাৰিখে প'ৰ্ট লুইচ, [[মৰিছাছ]]ত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰে। তেওঁৰ মাতৃ [[মাৰাঠী]] আছিল আৰু [[হায়দৰাবাদ]], ভাৰতত জন্ম গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ১৯৯০ চনৰ দশকৰ মধ্যভাগত বাবাজী ভাৰতলৈ গুচি আহিছিল। ==সৌন্দৰ্য্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা== বিবেকা বাবাজীয়ে ১৯৯৩ চনত [[দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা]]ত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা মিছ ৱাৰ্ল্ডত আৰু ১৯৯৪ চনত [[ফিলিপাইন]]ত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা মিছ ইউনিভাৰ্ছত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ মানিলা চলচ্চিত্ৰ উৎসৱ ১৯৯৪ত সহ-উপস্থাপক আছিল, য'ত এক কেলেংকাৰীৰ অংশ হিচাপে ভুল বিজয়ীৰ নাম ঘোষণা কৰিছিল।<ref name="victim">{{cite news |last=Lo |first=Ricky |title=FUNFARE: Miss Mauritius: I'm also a victim |publisher=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2010/06/29/588276/miss-mauritius-im-also-victim |date=29 June 2010 |access-date=22 June 2023}}</ref> ==কৰ্মজীৱন== বাবাজীয়ে ভাৰতত [[কামসূত্ৰ]] [[কণ্ডম]]ৰ বিজ্ঞাপনযোগে জনপ্ৰিয়তা লাভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ দালেৰ মেহেন্দীৰ "বুম বুম", হৰভজন মানৰ "হায় মেৰী বিল্ল'" আৰু এবেৰ "ফিৰ ছে" গীতৰ ভিডিঅ’ত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১০ চনত তেওঁ নিজৰ অনুষ্ঠান পৰিচালনা সংস্থা "VIBGYOR ENT" আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ==মৃত্যু== ২০১০ চনৰ ২৫ জুন, বিবেকা বাবাজীক তেওঁৰ [[বান্দ্ৰা]], [[মুম্বাই]]ৰ বাসগৃহত পংখাৰ সৈতে ওলমি থকা অৱস্থাত মৃত পোৱা যায়। আৰক্ষীৰ অনুসন্ধান অনুসৰি তেওঁ [[আত্মহত্যা]] কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ দিনলিপিত লিখা আছিল, "you killed me, Gautam Vohra,"<ref>{{cite web|title=A nightmare birthday for Gautam Vohra|url=http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=3&contentid=201006262010062623100358e4b99d4&sectxslt=|access-date=14 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112023141/http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?Page=article|archive-date=12 January 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> আৰু কিছু বাতৰি উৎসৰ মতে, তেওঁ তেওঁৰ প্ৰেমিক গৌতম ভোৰাৰ পৰা পৃথক হোৱা বাবে বিষাদগ্ৰস্ত হৈছিল।<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/facebook-messages-provide-new-leads-in-viveka-case-44111 "Facebook messages provide new leads in Viveka case"], 13 August 2010, ''[[NDTV]]''</ref> ==চলচ্চিত্ৰ== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! বছৰ!! চলচ্চিত্ৰ!! চৰিত্ৰ!! ভাষা!! মন্তব্য |- | 2002 || ''য়ে কেয়ছী মোহব্বত'' || প্ৰিয়া ঠাক্ৰাল || হিন্দী || বলিউড অভিষেক |} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== *{{IMDb name|1163179}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৰিছাছৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দী চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মডেল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:আত্মহত্যা কৰা ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] kyrulauxwzm86gw0445o5bd6l6gew62 0 120344 646128 534331 2026-10-19T21:21:48Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:ফিজি]]; added [[Category:ফিজিয়ান চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = পূজা প্ৰিয়াংকা | image = | image_size = | landscape = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|05|23}} | birth_place = লাউটোকা, [[ফিজি]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Let's Go Local: Yasawas and Taveuni On Pooja's Bucketlist |url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2021/02/02/lets-go-local-yasawas-and-taveuni-on-poojas-bucketlist/ |access-date=14 October 2021 |publisher=[[Fiji Sun]] |archivedate=26 October 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026204732/https://fijisun.com.fj/2021/02/02/lets-go-local-yasawas-and-taveuni-on-poojas-bucketlist/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | nationality = ফিজিয়ান-ভাৰতীয় | citizenship = {{unbulleted list|ফিজি|অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া}} | occupation = {{unbulleted list|সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা বিজয়ী|ফেশ্বন মডেল|অভিনেত্ৰী|নৃত্যশিল্পী}} | organization = মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড সংস্থা | known_for = | website = }} '''পূজা প্ৰিয়ংকা''' (জন্ম: ২৩ মে’ ১৯৯১) এগৰাকী ফিজিয়ান-ভাৰতীয় অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল, নৃত্যংগনা, উদ্যোগী আৰু সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা বিজয়ী।<ref>{{cite web |title=Pooja Priyanka |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9666825/ |website=IMDb |access-date=14 October 2021}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০১৬ চনৰ "মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড ফিজি" বিজয়ী<ref>{{cite news |title=Pooja Makes Miss World Talent Semi Finals |url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2016/12/01/pooja-makes-miss-world-talent-semi-finals/ |access-date=14 October 2021 |publisher=[[Fiji Sun]] |archivedate=26 October 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026204725/https://fijisun.com.fj/2016/12/01/pooja-makes-miss-world-talent-semi-finals/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> আৰু তেওঁৰ বলীউড অভিষেক হৈছিল "দ্য ড্ৰিম কেচাৰ" নামৰ এখন ক্ষুদ্ৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰত [[ধৰ্মেন্দ্ৰ]]ৰ সৈতে অভিনয় কৰাৰ জৰিয়তে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Dharmendra promotes his first international project Dream Catcher, says he is ‘just a boy from Punjab, a sweet boy’. See photos |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/dharmendra-promotes-his-first-international-project-dream-catcher-says-he-is-just-a-boy-from-punjab-a-sweet-boy-see-photos-4687335/ |access-date=14 October 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=3 June 2017 |language=en}}</ref> ==কৰ্ম-জীৱন== প্ৰিয়ংকাই ১৮ বছৰ বয়সত স্থানীয় সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতাৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ কৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। ২০১৬ চনত তেওঁ মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড ফিজি খিতাপ লাভ কৰি মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড ২০১৬-ত ফিজিৰ প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰিছিল, য’ত তেওঁ শীৰ্ষ ২০ চূড়ান্ত প্ৰতিযোগীৰ ভিতৰত আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Pooja Priyanka is Miss World Fiji |url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/pooja-priyanka-is-miss-world-fiji/ |website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation |access-date=14 October 2021 |archivedate=28 October 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028171427/https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/pooja-priyanka-is-miss-world-fiji/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগিতা== ===মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড ফিজি ২০১৬=== প্ৰিয়ংকা ৭ মে’ ২০১৬-ত গ্ৰেণ্ড পেচিফিক হোটেল, ছুভাত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা প্ৰতিযোগিতাত মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড ফিজি ২০১৬ বিজয়ী হয় আৰু মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড ২০১৬-ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Pooja Priyanka winner of Miss Fiji World 2016 - Beauty Pageants - Indiatimes |url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-world/pooja-priyanka-winner-of-miss-fiji-world-2016/articleshow/52166026.cms |website=Femina Miss India |access-date=14 October 2021 |archivedate=24 October 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024171616/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-world/pooja-priyanka-winner-of-miss-fiji-world-2016/articleshow/52166026.cms |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ===মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড ২০১৬=== তেওঁ ফিজিৰ হৈ মিছ ৱৰ্ল্ড ২০১৬-ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰি শৈল্পিক প্ৰতিভা আৰু সমাজসেৱা শ্ৰেণীত শীৰ্ষ ২০-ত স্থান লাভ কৰে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Priyanka, Pooja}} [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফিজিয়ান চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সৌন্দৰ্য প্ৰতিযোগী]] a874b7zvva1lolj1mm73k5zr6yiab1j 0 121793 646154 507403 2026-10-19T21:51:32Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:দেশ]]; added [[Category:পাকিস্তান]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = বেলুচিস্তান | type = প্ৰদেশ | official_name = বেলুচিস্তানৰ প্ৰদেশ | native_name = {{unq|بلوچستان}} | native_name_lang = bal | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Quaid-e-Azam Residancy Ziarat Balochistan by Balochlens.jpg | caption1 = কুৱাইদ-ই-আজম বাসস্থলী | image2 = Princes of Hope, Hingol National Park, Pakistan.jpg | caption2 = প্ৰিন্সেছ অৱ হ'প | image3 = Hanna Lake Quetta.jpg | caption3 = হান্না লেক | image4 = Chiltan Mountain.jpg | caption4 = কহ-ই-চিলটান | image5 = Kund Malir Beach, Balochistan.jpg | caption5 = কুন্দ মলিৰ | image6 = Baluchistan Canyons.jpg | caption6 = হিংগল নেশ্যনেল পাৰ্ক | image7 = Pasni Milkyway Balochistan Milkyway.jpg | caption7 = পাছনি }} | image_flag = Flag of Balochistan.svg | flag_alt = | image_seal = Coat of arms of Balochistan.svg | nickname = | image_map = Balochistan in Pakistan (claims hatched).svg | map_alt = | map_caption = পাকিস্তানত থকা বেলুচিস্তানৰ অৱস্থান | coordinates = {{coord|27.7|65.7|region:PK_type:adm1st_dim:1000000|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = দেশ | subdivision_name = [[পাকিস্তান]] | subdivision_type1 = | subdivision_name1 = | established_title = স্থাপিত | established_date = ১ জুলাই ১৯৭০ | seat_type = ৰাজধানী<br /> আৰু সৰ্ববৃহৎ চহৰ | seat = কুৱেটা | parts_type = মহকুমাসমূহ | parts_style = list | government_footnotes = | government_type = পাকিস্তান চৰকাৰৰ অধীনত স্ব-শাসিত প্ৰদেশ | governing_body = বেলুচিস্তান চৰকাৰ | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan|Governor]] | leader_name = শ্বেইখ জাফৰ খান মন্দোখাইল | leader_title1 = [[Chief Minister of Balochistan|Chief Minister]] | leader_name1 = ছৰফৰাজ বুগটি | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = ৩৪৭১৯০| area_rank = [[Administrative units of Pakistan|1st]] | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = ১৪,৮৯৪,৪০২ | population_density_km2 = auto | population_as_of = [[2023 Census of Pakistan|2023]] | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Population of Pakistan reaches 241.49 million as the Digital Census concludes |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files/population/2023/Press%20Release.pdf |access-date=2023-08-05 |website=Pakistan Bureau of Statistics |language=en}}</ref> | flag_size = 130px | seal_size = 100px }} '''বেলুচিস্তান''' ({{Lang-en|Balochistan}}) পাকিস্তানৰ এখন প্ৰদেশ। দেশৰ দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম অঞ্চলত অৱস্থিত বেলুচিস্তান ভূমিৰ ফালৰ পৰা পাকিস্তানৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ প্ৰদেশ যদিও ইয়াৰ জনবসতি কম। ইয়াৰ উত্তৰ-পূবে পাকিস্তানৰ খাইবাৰ পখতুনখোৱা, পূবে পঞ্জাব আৰু দক্ষিণ-পূবে সিন্ধ প্ৰদেশ আছে; পশ্চিমে ইৰাণ আৰু উত্তৰে আফগানিস্তানৰ সৈতে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সীমান্ত ভাগ কৰে; আৰু দক্ষিণে আৰব সাগৰৰ দ্বাৰা সম্পৰ্কিত হৈ আছে। বেলুচিস্তান হৈছে যথেষ্ট উচ্চতা আৰু ৰুক্ষতাৰ পৰিসৰৰ দ্বাৰা বেচিনত বিভক্ত ৰুক্ষ ভূখণ্ডৰ এক বিস্তৃত মালভূমি। ইয়াৰ এটা বৃহৎ গভীৰ সাগৰীয় বন্দৰ আছে৷ আৰব সাগৰত অৱস্থিত গ্ৱাদাৰ বন্দৰ। যদিও ই পাকিস্তানৰ প্ৰায় ৪৪% ভূমি আয়তন কৰে, ইয়াৰ মাত্ৰ ৫%হে কৃষিযোগ্য আৰু ই অতি শুকান মৰুভূমিৰ জলবায়ুৰ বাবে উল্লেখযোগ্য।<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{Cite news |title=Balochistan {{!}} province, Pakistan |work=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Balochistan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405173533/https://www.britannica.com/place/Balochistan |archive-date=5 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Government of Balochistan">{{Cite web |title=Livestock at a glance |url=https://balochistan.gov.pk/expo-livestock-2019/livestock-at-a-glance/ |access-date=2023-01-26 |website=Government of Balochistan |language=en-US}}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছতো কৃষি আৰু পশুধনে বেলুচিস্তানৰ অৰ্থনীতিৰ প্ৰায় ৪৭% অংশ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="Government of Balochistan" /> "বেলুচিস্তান" নামৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে "বেলুচ জনগোষ্ঠীৰ দেশ"।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Heath |first1=John E. |author-link=John Everett-Heath |title=Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names |year=2020 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-01-91-90563-6 |edition=6 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780191905636.001.0001/acref-9780191905636-e-590 |url-access=limited}}</ref> বহুলাংশে অনুন্নত, ইয়াৰ অৰ্থনীতিত প্ৰাকৃতিক সম্পদ বিশেষকৈ ইয়াৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক গেছ ক্ষেত্ৰসমূহৰ আধিপত্যও আছে। কুৱেটাৰ বাহিৰেও প্ৰদেশখনৰ দ্বিতীয় বৃহত্তম চহৰ দক্ষিণে টাৰবাট৷ আনহাতে আন এটা ডাঙৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ক্ষেত্ৰ হৈছে আৰব সাগৰৰ বন্দৰ চহৰ গ্ৱাডাৰ, যিখন ভৱিষ্যতৰ উদীয়মান ব্যৱসায়িক কেন্দ্ৰ।<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-29 |title='Gwadar is future business hub of country' |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/1035326-gwadar-is-future-business-hub-of-country |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=The News International |language=en}}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == [[শ্ৰেণী:পাকিস্তান]] 0z3pnkx6w3lc9gaulmtka8aemao2jyr 0 122317 646152 632305 2026-10-19T21:49:28Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* তথ্যসূত্ৰ */ 646152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = পৰ্তুগীজ গণৰাজ্য | native_name = República Portuguesa | common_name = পৰ্তুগাল | image_flag = Flag of Portugal (official).svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Portugal.svg | coa_size = 110 | national_anthem = <br/>{{lang|pt|A Portuguesa}}<br />"The Portuguese"<br /><div style="display:inline-block; margin-top:0.4em; "> </div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:EU-Portugal (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:EU-Portugal with islands circled.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of the European Union|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green|region=ইউৰোপ|region_color=dark grey|subregion=ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ|subregion_color=green}} | capital = লিছবন | coordinates = {{Coord|38|46|N|9|9|W|type:city}} | largest_city = লিছবন | official_languages = পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষা | recognised_languages = মিৰান্দীজ ভাষা{{efn|name="pt lang"|মিৰান্দীজ ভাষা, টেৰ্ৰা ডি মিৰান্দা অঞ্চলত কোৱা হয়, ১৯৯৯ চনত চৰকাৰে স্বীকৃতি প্ৰদান কৰে (''Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro''),<ref name="Mirandese">{{cite web |url=https://mirandes.no.sapo.pt/LMPSlei.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020318130143/http://mirandes.no.sapo.pt/LMPSlei.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 March 2002 |title=Reconhecimento oficial de direitos linguísticos da comunidade mirandesa (মিৰান্দীজ ভাষা-ব্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলৰ ভাষাগত অধিকাৰৰ স্বীকৃতি) |publisher=লিছবন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ভাষাবিজ্ঞান কেন্দ্ৰ |access-date=2 December 2015 }}</ref> যিয়ে ইয়াক চৰকাৰীভাৱে ব্যৱহাৰৰ অধিকাৰ প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref name="Euromosaic study Mirandese">[http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/euromosaic-pbC29295845/downloads/C2-92-95-845-EN-C/C29295845ENC_001.pdf?FileName=C29295845ENC_001.pdf&SKU=C29295845ENC_PDF&CatalogueNumber=C2-92-95-845-EN-C ইউৰোম'জাইক অধ্যয়ন, পৰ্তুগালত মিৰান্দীজ ভাষা] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205202451/http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/euromosaic-pbC29295845/downloads/C2-92-95-845-EN-C/C29295845ENC_001.pdf?FileName=C29295845ENC_001.pdf&SKU=C29295845ENC_PDF&CatalogueNumber=C2-92-95-845-EN-C |date=5 February 2016 }}, ইউৰোপীয় কমিচনৰ ৱেবচাইট। }}</ref>}}<br />পৰ্তুগাল সাংকেতিক ভাষা {{Infobox | child = yes | label1 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয়তা (২০২৩)<ref name="aima"/> | data1 = {{Unbulleted list |৮৭.৮% পৰ্তুগাল লোক | ১২.২% বিদেশী }} }} | religion = {{unbulleted list |{{Tree list}} * ৮৪.৮% খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্ম ** ৮০.২% ৰোমান কেথলিক ** ৪.৬% অন্যান্য খ্ৰীষ্টান {{Tree list/end}} | ১৪.১% ধৰ্মহীনতা | ১.১% অন্যান্য }} | religion_ref = <ref name="Censos2021"/> | demonym = পৰ্তুগাল | government_type = এককেন্দ্ৰিক অৰ্ধ-ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Portugal_2005.pdf|title=পৰ্তুগালৰ সংবিধান, প্ৰস্তাৱনা|access-date=17 March 2018|archive-date=17 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317103114/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Portugal_2005.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | leader_title1 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি | leader_name1 = মাৰ্সেলো ৰেবেলো ডে ছৌজা | leader_title2 = প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী | leader_name2 = লুইছ মন্তেনেগ্ৰু | leader_title3 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংসদৰ অধ্যক্ষ | leader_name3 = জঁছে পেদ্ৰো আগুইয়াৰ-ব্ৰাংকু | legislature = ৰিপাব্লিক সংসদ | sovereignty_type = স্থাপনা | established_event1 = পৰ্তুগাল কাউণ্টি | established_date1 = ৮৬৮ | established_event2 = ছাও মামেদৰ যুদ্ধ | established_date2 = ২৪ জুন ১১২৮ | established_event3 = ঔৰিকৰ যুদ্ধ | established_date3 = ২৫ জুলাই ১১৩৯ | established_event4 = জামোৰাৰ চুক্তি | established_date4 = ৫ অক্টোবৰ ১১৪৩ | established_event5 = ''Manifestis Probatum'' | established_date5 = ২৩ মে’ ১১৭৯ | established_event6 = পুনঃস্থাপনা যুদ্ধ | established_date6 = ১ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৬৪০ | established_event7 = সংবিধান (১৮২২) | established_date7 = ২৩ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৮২২ | established_event8 = ৫ অক্টোবৰ বিপ্লৱ | established_date8 = ৫ অক্টোবৰ ১৯১০ | established_event9 = কাৰণেচন বিপ্লৱ | established_date9 = ২৫ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৭৪ | established_event10 = সংবিধান | established_date10 = ২৫ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৭৬ | area_km2 = ৯২,২৩০ | area_footnote = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0008350&selTab=tab0|title=পৰ্তুগালৰ পৰিসংখ্যা|publisher=INE|access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> | area_rank = ১০৯তম | area_sq_mi = ৫৭,২৯৮ | percent_water = ১.২ (২০১৫)<ref>{{cite web|title=পৃষ্ঠ জলসম্পদ আৰু পৰিৱৰ্তন|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=OECD|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = ৮৮তম | population_estimate = ১,০৬৩৯,৭২৬ জন<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=645507713&DESTAQUESmodo=2|title=২০২৩: জনসংখ্যা ১০.৬ মিলিয়ন অতিক্ৰম|publisher=INE|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref> | population_census = ১,০৩৪৩,০৬৬ জন<ref name="Stat Portugal"/> | population_estimate_year = ২০২৩ | population_census_year = ২০২১ | population_density_km2 = ১১৫.৪ | GDP_PPP = $৫৩৬.০৯৬ বিলিয়ন | GDP_PPP_year = ২০২৫ | GDP_PPP_rank = ৫১তম | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $৫০,০৩৭ | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ৪১তম | GDP_nominal = $৩২১.৪৪০ বিলিয়ন | GDP_nominal_year = ২০২৫ | GDP_nominal_rank = ৪৫তম | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $৩০,০০২ | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ৪০তম | Gini = ৩১.৯ | Gini_year = ২০২৪ | Gini_change = হ্ৰাস | HDI = ০.৮৭০<ref name="HDI2023">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI |title=Human Development Report 2023/24 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> | HDI_year = ২০২৩ | HDI_change = বৃদ্ধি | HDI_rank = ৩৭তম | currency = ইউৰো (EUR, €) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = পূৰ্ব ইউৰোপীয় সময় (UTC) | utc_offset = +০১:০০ | time_zone_DST = মধ্য ইউৰোপীয় গ্ৰীষ্মকালীন সময় (UTC+০২:০০) | utc_offset_DST = +০২:০০ | date_format = dd-mm-yyyy (AD) | drives_on = সোঁফালে | calling_code = +৩৫১ | cctld = .pt }} '''পৰ্তুগাল''', আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে '''পৰ্তুগীজ গণৰাজ্য''' ({{lang-pt|República Portuguesa}}), দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম [[ইউৰোপ]]ৰ আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপৰ এখন দেশ। ইউৰোপ মহাদেশীয় আটাইতকৈ পশ্চিমীয়া বিন্দুটোৰ সৈতে পৰ্তুগালে ইয়াৰ উত্তৰ আৰু পূব দিশত স্পেইনৰ সীমাৰেখাৰে আবৃত, যাৰ সৈতে ই ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ আটাইতকৈ দীঘলীয়া নীৰৱচ্ছিন্ন সীমান্তৰ অংশীদাৰ; দক্ষিণ আৰু পশ্চিমে উত্তৰ [[আটলাণ্টিক মহাসাগৰ]]; আৰু পশ্চিম আৰু দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমে আজোৰছ আৰু মাদেইৰাৰ মেকাৰোনেছিয়ান দ্বীপপুঞ্জ আছে, যিবোৰ পৰ্তুগালৰ দুটা স্বায়ত্তশাসিত অঞ্চল। লিছবন ৰাজধানী আৰু সৰ্ববৃহৎ চহৰ, তাৰ পিছতে পৰ্টো, যি একমাত্ৰ আন মহানগৰ। পশ্চিম আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপত প্ৰাগঐতিহাসিক যুগৰ পৰাই অবিৰতভাৱে বসতি হৈ আহিছে, বসতিৰ আদিম চিন খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ৫৫০০ চনৰ পৰা।<ref name="prehistory">{{cite book |last1=Traganos |first1=Dimosthenis |title=European Landscapes from Mountain to Sea |chapter=Chapter 3: Portugal |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |pages=26–27 |isbn=9783319253765}}</ref> খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব প্ৰথম সহস্ৰাব্দত কেলটিক আৰু আইবেৰিয়ান জনগোষ্ঠীসমূহৰ আগমন ঘটে। খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব দ্বিতীয় শতিকাত এই অঞ্চল ৰোমান নিয়ন্ত্ৰণলৈ আহে। খ্ৰীষ্টীয় পঞ্চম শতিকাৰ পৰা অষ্টম শতিকালৈকে জাৰ্মাণিক জনগোষ্ঠী আৰু এলানসকলে একেৰাহে শাসন কৰিছিল। অষ্টম শতিকাত মুছলমানসকলে মূল ভূখণ্ড পৰ্তুগাল আক্ৰমণ কৰে, কিন্তু ক্ৰমান্বয়ে খ্ৰীষ্টান ৰিকনকুইষ্টাই তেওঁলোকক বহিষ্কাৰ কৰে আৰু ১২৩৮ চনৰ পৰা ১২৪৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত আলগাৰ্ভ দখল কৰি শিখৰত উপনীত হয়। ১১৭৯ চনত ''মেনিফেষ্টিছ প্ৰ'বেটাম''।<ref name="history1">{{cite book |last=Disney |first=A. R. |title=A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire |volume=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2009 |pages=50–75 |isbn=9780521738224}}</ref> আৱিষ্কাৰ যুগৰ অন্যতম প্ৰাথমিক অংশগ্ৰহণকাৰী হিচাপে পৰ্তুগালে নৌ বিজ্ঞানত কেইবাটাও উন্নতি সাধন কৰিছিল, য'ত ভল্টা ডু মাৰ নেভিগেচনেল কৌশল উদ্ভাৱন কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে মুকলি সাগৰত নিৰাপদ যাত্ৰা-ভ্ৰমণ সম্ভৱ কৰি তুলিছিল — বিশ্ব ইতিহাসৰ এটা ডাঙৰ টাৰ্নিং পইণ্ট।<ref name="discovery">{{cite book |last=Boxer |first=Charles R. |title=The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825 |url=https://archive.org/details/portugueseseabor0000boxe |publisher=Hutchinson |year=1969 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/portugueseseabor0000boxe/page/22 22]–45}}</ref> পৰ্তুগালে মাদেইৰা আৰু আজোৰছত বসতি স্থাপন কৰি এটা প্ৰভাৱশালী সামুদ্ৰিক সাম্ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে যি বেছিভাগেই দক্ষিণ আটলাণ্টিক আৰু ভাৰত মহাসাগৰৰ উপকূলৰ কাষেৰে বিস্তৃত আছিল।<ref name="empire1">{{cite book |last=Russell-Wood |first=A. J. R. |title=The Portuguese Empire, 1415–1808: A World on the Move |url=https://archive.org/details/portugueseempire0000russ_e5n7 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=1998 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/portugueseempire0000russ_e5n7/page/10 10]–38 |isbn=9780801859557}}</ref> পৰ্তুগীজসকল প্ৰথম ইউৰোপীয়সকলৰ ভিতৰত আছিল যিয়ে নতুন ভূখণ্ড আৰু সাগৰীয় পথসমূহ অন্বেষণ আৰু আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল, বসতি, উপনিবেশ আৰু বাণিজ্যিক চকীসমূহৰ এক বিশ্বব্যাপী বাণিজ্যিক নেটৱৰ্ক স্থাপন কৰিছিল।<ref name="empire2">{{cite book |last=Newitt |first=Malyn |title=A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofportugu0000newi |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofportugu0000newi/page/60 60]–100 |isbn=9780415229891}}</ref> ১৫৮০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বংশগত সংকটৰ ফলত আইবেৰিয়ান সংঘ (১৫৮০–১৬৪০)ৰ সৃষ্টি হয়, যিয়ে পৰ্তুগালক স্পেনিছ শাসনৰ অধীনত একত্ৰিত কৰে,<ref name="iberianunion">{{cite book |last=Livermore |first=H. V. |title=A New History of Portugal |url=https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofport0000unse_y9g3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1969 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofport0000unse_y9g3/page/160 160]–175}}</ref> ইয়াৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বিশ্ব শক্তি হিচাপে অৱনতি ঘটে।<ref name="decline">{{cite book |last=Bethencourt |first=Francisco |title=The Inquisition: A Global History, 1478–1834 |url=https://archive.org/details/inquisitiongloba0000beth |publisher=CUP |year=2009 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/inquisitiongloba0000beth/page/200 200]–220 |isbn=9780521732512}}</ref> ১৬৪০ চনত পৰ্তুগীজৰ সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব পুনৰ লাভ কৰা হয় আৰু ইয়াৰ পিছত ১৬৮৮ চনলৈকে চলি থকা ব্যয়বহুল আৰু দীঘলীয়া যুদ্ধ হয়, আনহাতে ১৭৫৫ চনৰ লিছবন ভূমিকম্পই চহৰখন ধ্বংস কৰে আৰু সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অৰ্থনীতিৰ অধিক ক্ষতি কৰে।<ref name="lisbonearthquake">{{cite web |title=Lisbon Earthquake of 1755 |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Lisbon-earthquake-of-1755 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=4 May 2021}}</ref> ১৮০৭ চনত নেপোলিয়ন যুদ্ধই ৰাজধানী [[ব্ৰাজিল]]লৈ স্থানান্তৰিত কৰে, যাৰ ফলত ইয়াক উপনিবেশৰ পৰা ৰাজ্যলৈ উন্নীত কৰা হয় আৰু ১৮২২ চনত ইয়াৰ স্বাধীনতাৰ শিখৰত উপনীত হয় আৰু সাংবিধানিক ৰাজতন্ত্ৰৰ সমৰ্থক আৰু নিৰপেক্ষ ৰাজতন্ত্ৰবাদীসকলৰ মাজত গৃহযুদ্ধ (১৮২৮–১৮৩৪) ৰ সূচনা হয়।<ref name="napoleon">{{cite book |last=Maxwell |first=Kenneth |title=Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil and Portugal, 1750–1808 |url=https://archive.org/details/conflictsconspir0000maxw |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1973 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/conflictsconspir0000maxw/page/143 143]–175 |isbn=9780521203197}}</ref> ১৯১০ চনৰ ৫ অক্টোবৰৰ বিপ্লৱলৈকে ৰাজতন্ত্ৰ স্থায়ী হৈ থাকে আৰু ইয়াৰ ঠাইত প্ৰথম গণৰাজ্য গঠন হয়। তাৰ পিছত ইয়াৰ ঠাইত স্বৈৰাচাৰী ''ডিটাডুৰা নেচনেল'' আৰু তাৰ পিছত ''ইষ্টাডো নভো''লৈ পৰিণত হয়।<ref name="estado-novo">{{cite book |last=Wiarda |first=Howard J. |title=Corporatism and Development: The Portuguese Experience |url=https://archive.org/details/corporatismdevel0000wiar |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |year=1977 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/corporatismdevel0000wiar/page/80 80]–110 |isbn=9780870231941}}</ref> ১৯৭৪ চনত কাৰ্নেচন বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত গণতন্ত্ৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ হয়, যিয়ে পৰ্তুগীজ ঔপনিৱেশিক যুদ্ধৰ অন্ত পেলায় আৰু পৰ্তুগালৰ শেষৰটো আফ্ৰিকান ভূখণ্ডক স্বাধীনতা লাভ কৰিবলৈ অনুমতি দিয়ে।<ref name="carnation">{{cite book |last=Maxwell |first=Kenneth |title=The Making of Portuguese Democracy |url=https://archive.org/details/makingofportugue0000maxw |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/makingofportugue0000maxw/page/1 1]–20 |isbn=9780521483407}}</ref> পৰ্তুগালৰ সাম্ৰাজ্যবাদী ইতিহাসে এক বিশাল সাংস্কৃতিক উত্তৰাধিকাৰ এৰি থৈ গৈছে, বিশ্বজুৰি প্ৰায় ৩০ কোটি [[পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষা|পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষী]] আছে। আজি ই এখন উন্নত দেশ, যাৰ উন্নত অৰ্থনীতি মূলতঃ সেৱা, উদ্যোগ আৰু পৰ্যটনৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল। ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ, ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ, শ্বেংগেন অঞ্চল আৰু ইউৰোপ পৰিষদৰ সদস্য পৰ্তুগাল নাটো, ইউৰো মণ্ডল, অ'ইচিডি আৰু পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষা দেশৰ সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ অন্যতম প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক সদস্য আছিল।<ref name="modernportugal">{{cite web |title=Portugal |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Portugal |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=4 May 2021}}</ref> == ব্যুৎপত্তিবিজ্ঞান == '''পৰ্তুগাল''' শব্দটো ৰোমান-চেলটিক স্থাননাম '''Portus Cale'''ৰ পৰা আহে,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/portugal|title=Portugal – Origin and meaning of the name Portugal by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=Etymonline.com|access-date=25 January 2018|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220050255/https://www.etymonline.com/word/portugal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://agal-gz.org/faq/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=contributos-pgl:sobre_a_origem_e_significado_da_palavra_portugal.pdf|title=Origem e significado das palavras Portugal e Galiza|website=agal-gz.org|access-date=25 February 2023|archive-date=3 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203194424/http://agal-gz.org/faq/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=contributos-pgl:sobre_a_origem_e_significado_da_palavra_portugal.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> যি বৰ্তমানৰ পৰ্টো আৰু ভিলা নোভা দে গাইয়া অঞ্চলৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ। "Portus" শব্দটোৰ উৎস [[লেটিন ভাষা]]ৰ ''portus'', যাৰ অৰ্থ "বন্দৰ।" "Cale" শব্দটোৰ অৰ্থ আৰু উৎপত্তি স্পষ্ট নহয়; প্ৰচলিত মত অনুসৰি, এইটো উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপৰ গালাচি (বা গাল্লাচি) নামৰ এক চেলটিক জনগোষ্ঠীৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/31989410|title=Documentos dança portuguesa|first=Marcos|last=Winicius|via=academia.edu|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817085223/https://www.academia.edu/31989410|url-status=live}}</ref> আন এটা তত্ত্ব মতে "Cale" শব্দটো চেলটিক ভাষাৰ "বন্দৰ"ৰ এক ৰূপ, আৰু আন কিছুমান মতে ই চেলটিক দেৱী "Cala"ৰ নামৰ পৰা আহে। আন এজন ফ্ৰেন্স পণ্ডিতৰ মতে এইটো ''Portus Gallus'' (গলসকলৰ বন্দৰ) ৰ পৰা আহিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8zAQAAMAAJ&q=portus+Gallus+etymologie+du+portugal&pg=PA441|title=Manuel géographique et statistique de l'Espagne et du Portugal ...|date=11 April 2018|publisher=Buisson|via=Google Books|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203433/https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8zAQAAMAAJ&q=portus+Gallus+etymologie+du+portugal&pg=PA441#v=snippet&q=portus%20Gallus%20etymologie%20du%20portugal&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ২০০ চনত দ্বিতীয় পুনিক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ৰোমানসকলে কাৰ্থাজীয়সকলৰ পৰা আইবেৰিয়াৰ অধিকাৰ লয় আৰু কেল নামৰ অঞ্চলটো দখল কৰি "Portus Cale" (Caleৰ বন্দৰ) নামেৰে অভিহিত কৰে আৰু ইয়াক গালেচিয়া প্ৰদেশত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰে। মধ্যযুগত ছুইবি আৰু ভিচিগোথসকলে এই অঞ্চলটো "Portucale" নামেৰে চিনাকি কৰিছিল। সপ্তম আৰু অষ্টম শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত "Portucale" নামটো পৰিবৰ্তিত হৈ "Portugale" হয়, আৰু নৱম শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত এই নামটো ডৌৰো নদী আৰু মিনহো নদীৰ মাজৰ অঞ্চলটো বুজাবলৈ ব্যৱহৃত হৈছিল। একাদশ আৰু দ্বাদশ শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত এই নামবোৰ "Portugale", "Portugallia", "Portvgallo" বা "Portvgalliae" ৰূপত দেখা পোৱা যায়, যি শেষত "Portugal" ৰূপত পৰিগণিত হয়। ==ইতিহাস== '''পৰ্তুগালৰ ইতিহাস''' প্ৰায় ৪ লাখ বছৰৰ আগৰ পৰাই অনুসন্ধান কৰিব পাৰি, যেতিয়া বৰ্তমানৰ পৰ্তুগালৰ অঞ্চলত হোমো হাইডেলবাৰ্গেন্সিছৰ বসতি আছিল। প্ৰায় দুটা শতিকা ধৰি আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপ ৰোমান বিজয়ৰ ফলত বৰ্তমানৰ পৰ্তুগালৰ দক্ষিণে লুচিটেনিয়া আৰু উত্তৰত গালেচিয়া প্ৰদেশ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়। ৰোমৰ পতনৰ পিছত ৫ম আৰু অষ্টম শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত জাৰ্মাণিক জনগোষ্ঠীসমূহে এই ভূখণ্ড নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিছিল, য'ত ব্ৰাগাক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি ছুইবি ৰাজ্য আৰু দক্ষিণত ভিচিগোথিক ৰাজ্যও আছিল। ৭১১–৭১৬ চনত ইছলামিক উমাইয়াদ খিলাফতৰ আক্ৰমণে ভিচিগোথ ৰাজ্য জয় কৰি ইছলামিক ষ্টেট অৱ আল-আন্দালুছ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে, লাহে লাহে আইবেৰিয়াৰ মাজেৰে আগবাঢ়ি যায়। ১০৯৫ চনত পৰ্তুগালে গালিচিয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা বিচ্ছিন্ন হয়। বুৰ্গাণ্ডীৰ কাউণ্ট হেনৰীৰ পুত্ৰ আফনছ' হেনৰিকছে ১১৩৯ চনত নিজকে পৰ্তুগালৰ ৰজা ঘোষণা কৰে। ১২৪৯ চনত আলগাৰ্ভ (পৰ্তুগালৰ দক্ষিণতম প্ৰদেশ) মূৰৰ পৰা জয় কৰা হয় আৰু ১২৫৫ চনত লিছবন ৰাজধানী হয়। তেতিয়াৰ পৰা পৰ্তুগালৰ স্থল সীমা প্ৰায় অপৰিৱৰ্তিত হৈ আছে। প্ৰথমজন ৰজাৰ ৰাজত্বকালত পৰ্তুগীজসকলে সিংহাসনৰ ওপৰত হোৱা যুদ্ধত কেষ্টিলিয়ানসকলক পৰাস্ত কৰে (১৩৮৫) আৰু ইংলেণ্ডৰ সৈতে ৰাজনৈতিক মিত্ৰতা স্থাপন কৰে (১৩৮৬ চনত উইণ্ডচৰ সন্ধিৰ দ্বাৰা)। মধ্যযুগৰ শেষৰ ফালৰ পৰা ১৫ আৰু ১৬ শতিকাত ইউৰোপৰ " আৱিষ্কাৰ যুগ "ৰ সময়ত পৰ্তুগালে বিশ্ব শক্তিৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে কাৰণ ই এক বিশাল সাম্ৰাজ্য গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। ১৫৭৮ চনত মৰক্কোত হোৱা আলকাচাৰ কুইবিৰ যুদ্ধৰ পৰা সামৰিক অৱনতিৰ লক্ষণ আৰম্ভ হয়; এই পৰাজয়ৰ ফলত ৰজা চেবাষ্টিয়ানৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু উচ্চ সম্ভ্ৰান্ত লোকৰ বহু লোকক কাৰাগাৰত ভৰোৱা হয়, যাক বহুত খৰচ কৰি মুক্তিপণ দিবলগীয়া হয়। ইয়াৰ ফলত ১৫৮০ চনৰ পৰা ১৬৪০ চনত চতুৰ্থ জনৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰ্তুগীজ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ যুদ্ধৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ভিতৰত স্পেইনৰ সৈতে ৬০ বছৰীয়া বংশগত সংঘৰ জৰিয়তে পৰ্তুগালৰ ৮০০ বছৰীয়া স্বাধীনতাত সামান্য বাধাৰ সৃষ্টি হয় ইয়াৰ উপৰিও এটা কাৰক, কিয়নো পৰ্তুগালে আক্ৰমণৰ বাবে জাহাজৰ অৰিহণা যোগাবলগীয়া হৈছিল। ১৭৫৫ চনত ভূমিকম্পত ইয়াৰ ৰাজধানী চহৰৰ বহু অংশ ধ্বংস হোৱা, নেপোলিয়ন যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত দখল কৰা আৰু ১৮২২ চনত ইয়াৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ উপনিবেশ ব্ৰাজিল হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা আদিও আছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/portugal-seeks-balance-emigration-immigration |title=Portugal Seeks Balance of Emigration, Immigration |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |date=2002-08-09 |access-date=2024-12-19}}</ref> ১৯১০ চনত বিপ্লৱে ৰাজতন্ত্ৰক পদচ্যুত কৰে। ১৯২৬ চনত হোৱা সামৰিক অভ্যুত্থানে একনায়কত্ববাদ স্থাপন কৰে আৰু ১৯৭৪ চনত আন এক অভ্যুত্থানলৈকে চলি থাকে। নতুন চৰকাৰে ব্যাপক গণতান্ত্ৰিক সংস্কাৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে আৰু ১৯৭৫ চনত পৰ্তুগালৰ সকলো আফ্ৰিকান উপনিবেশকে স্বাধীনতা প্ৰদান কৰে পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষাৰ দেশসমূহ . ১৯৮৬ চনত ই ইউৰোপীয় অৰ্থনৈতিক সম্প্ৰদায় (বৰ্তমান ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ)ত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে। ==ভূগোল== পৰ্তুগাল পশ্চিম [[ইউৰোপ]]ৰ এখন উপকূলীয় ৰাষ্ট্ৰ, আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপৰ পশ্চিম মূৰত অৱস্থিত, [[স্পেইন]]ৰ সীমাৰেখাত (ইয়াৰ উত্তৰ আৰু পূব সীমান্তত: মুঠ ১২১৫ কিলোমিটাৰ (৭৫৫ মাইল))। পৰ্তুগীজ ভূখণ্ডত [[আটলাণ্টিক মহাসাগৰ]]ৰ শৃংখলাবদ্ধ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ (আজোৰছ আৰু মাদেইৰা)ও অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে, যিবোৰ উত্তৰ আটলাণ্টিকৰ কাষৰীয়া কৌশলগত দ্বীপ। জিব্ৰাল্টাৰ জলদ্বীপৰ পৰা অতি দক্ষিণ অংশ বেছি দূৰত নহয়, যাৰ ফলত ভূমধ্য সাগৰলৈ যায়। মুঠতে দেশখনৰ মাটিকালি ৯২,০৯০ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩৫,৫৬০ বৰ্গমাইল) যাৰ ভিতৰত ৯১,৪৭০ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩৫,৩২০ বৰ্গমাইল) মাটি আৰু ৬২০ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ (২৪০ বৰ্গমাইল) পানী।<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/portugal/ | title= Portugal | publisher= CIA - The World Factbook | access-date= 2009-11-28 | archivedate= 2021-01-09 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20210109122645/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/portugal | deadurl= yes }}</ref> এই সংজ্ঞাসমূহৰ পিছতো পৰ্তুগাল-স্পেইন সীমান্ত দুয়োখন দেশৰ মাজত এক অমীমাংসিত ভূখণ্ডীয় বিবাদ হৈয়ে আছে। ১৮০১ চনত স্পেইনে অলিভেঞ্জা দখল কৰাৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ পৰাই পৰ্তুগালে কায়া আৰু ৰিবেইৰা দে কুংকছ নদীৰ বদ্বীপৰ মাজৰ সীমান্তক স্বীকৃতি নিদিয়ে। এই ভূখণ্ড যদিও বাস্তৱিকতে স্পেনিছ দখলৰ অধীনত আছে, তথাপিও পৰ্তুগালৰ এটা ডি জুৰ অংশ হৈয়েই আছে, ফলস্বৰূপে এই অঞ্চলত এতিয়াৰ পৰা কোনো সীমান্ত স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{cite web |title=A questão de Olivença |url=http://www.olivenca.org/litigio.htm |publisher=olivenca.org |access-date=29 January 2021 |archive-date=3 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203173035/http://www.olivenca.org/litigio.htm |url-status=dead |archivedate=3 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203173035/http://www.olivenca.org/litigio.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == ৰাজনীতি == {{multiple image | caption_align = center | image1 = Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa em 2018.jpg | width1 = 161 | caption1 = মাৰ্চেলো ৰেবেলো ডি ছৌজা,<br /><small>পৰ্তুগালৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি, ২০১৬ চনৰ পৰা।</small> | image2 = EPP Summit, 21 March, Brussels (53600549642) (cropped).jpg | width2 = 166 | caption2 = লুই মণ্টেনেগ্ৰো,<br /><small>পৰ্তুগালৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী, ২০২৪ চনৰ পৰা।</small> }} '''পৰ্তুগালৰ ৰাজনীতি''' একক, বহুদলীয়, অৰ্ধ-ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি, প্ৰতিনিধিত্বমূলক গণতান্ত্ৰিক গণৰাজ্য হিচাপে চলি আহিছে, য'ত পৰ্তুগালৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীয়ে চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বীৰ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি হৈছে অকাৰ্যকৰী ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ মুৰব্বী, যদিও তেওঁ আনুষ্ঠানিক ৰূপত অৱস্থান লৈছে, তথাপিও তেওঁ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ কিছুমান ৰাজনৈতিক ক্ষমতা প্ৰয়োগ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17760433|title=Portugal profile - Leaders|publisher=BBC|access-date=8 July 2023|date=7 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Presidency">[https://www.presidencia.pt/en/president-of-the-republic/duties-of-the-president/ Duties of the President&nbsp; – Head of State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206000818/https://www.presidencia.pt/en/president-of-the-republic/duties-of-the-president/ |date=2023-12-06 }}. Official Page of the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic. Retrieved 7 September 2021.</ref> কাৰ্যবাহী ক্ষমতা চৰকাৰে প্ৰয়োগ কৰে, যাৰ নেতা হৈছে প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী। আইন প্ৰণয়নৰ ক্ষমতা প্ৰধানকৈ গণৰাজ্যৰ বিধানসভাৰ ওপৰত নিহিত, যদিও চৰকাৰে কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত নিজেও আইন প্ৰণয়ন কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="AR">[https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/en/paginas/default.aspx The Assembleia da República as a body that exercises sovereign power]. Assembleia da República. Retrieved 7 September 2021.</ref> পৰ্তুগালৰ ন্যায়পালিকা কাৰ্যবাহী আৰু বিধানসভাৰ পৰা স্বাধীনভাৱে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিয়ে এক ধৰণৰ "সমন্বয়কাৰী ক্ষমতা" প্ৰয়োগ কৰে, যিটো পৰম্পৰাগত চৰকাৰী তিনিটা শাখাৰ (বিধায়িকা, কাৰ্যবাহিকা, ন্যায়পালিকা) কোনো এটাত স্পষ্টভাৱে অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত নহয়।<ref name="Presidency" /> ১৯৭৫ চনৰ পৰা পৰ্তুগালৰ দলীয় ব্যৱস্থাত সমাজবাদী পাৰ্টি আৰু ছ’চিয়েল ডেম’ক্ৰেটিক পাৰ্টিৰ আধিপত্য থাকিলেও, ২০২৫ পৰ্তুগীজ বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰবাদী উগ্ৰ সোঁপন্থী চেগা দলৰ উল্লেখযোগ্য উত্থান ঘটে। উক্ত নিৰ্বাচনত দলটোৱে ২৩% জনভোট লাভ কৰি গণৰাজ্যৰ বিধানসভাত ৬০খন আসন জয় কৰি বিৰোধী দলৰ নেতৃত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ভি-ডেম গণতন্ত্ৰ সূচক অনুসৰি, ২০২৩ চনত পৰ্তুগাল বিশ্বৰ ২০তম স্থানত থকা নিৰ্বাচনী গণতান্ত্ৰিক দেশ আছিল।<ref name="vdem_dataset">{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2023 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ইউৰোপৰ দেশ]] 986wiq2rirp4nd8lqdvcr0s76fgl84j 646153 646152 2026-10-19T21:50:07Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 646153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = পৰ্তুগীজ গণৰাজ্য | native_name = República Portuguesa | common_name = পৰ্তুগাল | image_flag = Flag of Portugal (official).svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Portugal.svg | coa_size = 110 | national_anthem = <br/>{{lang|pt|A Portuguesa}}<br />"The Portuguese"<br /><div style="display:inline-block; margin-top:0.4em; "> </div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:EU-Portugal (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:EU-Portugal with islands circled.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of the European Union|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green|region=ইউৰোপ|region_color=dark grey|subregion=ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ|subregion_color=green}} | capital = লিছবন | coordinates = {{Coord|38|46|N|9|9|W|type:city}} | largest_city = লিছবন | official_languages = পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষা | recognised_languages = মিৰান্দীজ ভাষা{{efn|name="pt lang"|মিৰান্দীজ ভাষা, টেৰ্ৰা ডি মিৰান্দা অঞ্চলত কোৱা হয়, ১৯৯৯ চনত চৰকাৰে স্বীকৃতি প্ৰদান কৰে (''Lei n.° 7/99 de 29 de Janeiro''),<ref name="Mirandese">{{cite web |url=https://mirandes.no.sapo.pt/LMPSlei.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020318130143/http://mirandes.no.sapo.pt/LMPSlei.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 March 2002 |title=Reconhecimento oficial de direitos linguísticos da comunidade mirandesa (মিৰান্দীজ ভাষা-ব্যৱহাৰকাৰীসকলৰ ভাষাগত অধিকাৰৰ স্বীকৃতি) |publisher=লিছবন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ভাষাবিজ্ঞান কেন্দ্ৰ |access-date=2 December 2015 }}</ref> যিয়ে ইয়াক চৰকাৰীভাৱে ব্যৱহাৰৰ অধিকাৰ প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref name="Euromosaic study Mirandese">[http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/euromosaic-pbC29295845/downloads/C2-92-95-845-EN-C/C29295845ENC_001.pdf?FileName=C29295845ENC_001.pdf&SKU=C29295845ENC_PDF&CatalogueNumber=C2-92-95-845-EN-C ইউৰোম'জাইক অধ্যয়ন, পৰ্তুগালত মিৰান্দীজ ভাষা] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205202451/http://bookshop.europa.eu/en/euromosaic-pbC29295845/downloads/C2-92-95-845-EN-C/C29295845ENC_001.pdf?FileName=C29295845ENC_001.pdf&SKU=C29295845ENC_PDF&CatalogueNumber=C2-92-95-845-EN-C |date=5 February 2016 }}, ইউৰোপীয় কমিচনৰ ৱেবচাইট। }}</ref>}}<br />পৰ্তুগাল সাংকেতিক ভাষা {{Infobox | child = yes | label1 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয়তা (২০২৩)<ref name="aima"/> | data1 = {{Unbulleted list |৮৭.৮% পৰ্তুগাল লোক | ১২.২% বিদেশী }} }} | religion = {{unbulleted list |{{Tree list}} * ৮৪.৮% খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্ম ** ৮০.২% ৰোমান কেথলিক ** ৪.৬% অন্যান্য খ্ৰীষ্টান {{Tree list/end}} | ১৪.১% ধৰ্মহীনতা | ১.১% অন্যান্য }} | religion_ref = <ref name="Censos2021"/> | demonym = পৰ্তুগাল | government_type = এককেন্দ্ৰিক অৰ্ধ-ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Portugal_2005.pdf|title=পৰ্তুগালৰ সংবিধান, প্ৰস্তাৱনা|access-date=17 March 2018|archive-date=17 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317103114/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Portugal_2005.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | leader_title1 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি | leader_name1 = মাৰ্সেলো ৰেবেলো ডে ছৌজা | leader_title2 = প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী | leader_name2 = লুইছ মন্তেনেগ্ৰু | leader_title3 = ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সংসদৰ অধ্যক্ষ | leader_name3 = জঁছে পেদ্ৰো আগুইয়াৰ-ব্ৰাংকু | legislature = ৰিপাব্লিক সংসদ | sovereignty_type = স্থাপনা | established_event1 = পৰ্তুগাল কাউণ্টি | established_date1 = ৮৬৮ | established_event2 = ছাও মামেদৰ যুদ্ধ | established_date2 = ২৪ জুন ১১২৮ | established_event3 = ঔৰিকৰ যুদ্ধ | established_date3 = ২৫ জুলাই ১১৩৯ | established_event4 = জামোৰাৰ চুক্তি | established_date4 = ৫ অক্টোবৰ ১১৪৩ | established_event5 = ''Manifestis Probatum'' | established_date5 = ২৩ মে’ ১১৭৯ | established_event6 = পুনঃস্থাপনা যুদ্ধ | established_date6 = ১ ডিচেম্বৰ ১৬৪০ | established_event7 = সংবিধান (১৮২২) | established_date7 = ২৩ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৮২২ | established_event8 = ৫ অক্টোবৰ বিপ্লৱ | established_date8 = ৫ অক্টোবৰ ১৯১০ | established_event9 = কাৰণেচন বিপ্লৱ | established_date9 = ২৫ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৭৪ | established_event10 = সংবিধান | established_date10 = ২৫ এপ্ৰিল ১৯৭৬ | area_km2 = ৯২,২৩০ | area_footnote = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&contecto=pi&indOcorrCod=0008350&selTab=tab0|title=পৰ্তুগালৰ পৰিসংখ্যা|publisher=INE|access-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> | area_rank = ১০৯তম | area_sq_mi = ৫৭,২৯৮ | percent_water = ১.২ (২০১৫)<ref>{{cite web|title=পৃষ্ঠ জলসম্পদ আৰু পৰিৱৰ্তন|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=OECD|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = ৮৮তম | population_estimate = ১,০৬৩৯,৭২৬ জন<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_destaques&DESTAQUESdest_boui=645507713&DESTAQUESmodo=2|title=২০২৩: জনসংখ্যা ১০.৬ মিলিয়ন অতিক্ৰম|publisher=INE|access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref> | population_census = ১,০৩৪৩,০৬৬ জন<ref name="Stat Portugal"/> | population_estimate_year = ২০২৩ | population_census_year = ২০২১ | population_density_km2 = ১১৫.৪ | GDP_PPP = $৫৩৬.০৯৬ বিলিয়ন | GDP_PPP_year = ২০২৫ | GDP_PPP_rank = ৫১তম | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $৫০,০৩৭ | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ৪১তম | GDP_nominal = $৩২১.৪৪০ বিলিয়ন | GDP_nominal_year = ২০২৫ | GDP_nominal_rank = ৪৫তম | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $৩০,০০২ | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ৪০তম | Gini = ৩১.৯ | Gini_year = ২০২৪ | Gini_change = হ্ৰাস | HDI = ০.৮৭০<ref name="HDI2023">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/HDI |title=Human Development Report 2023/24 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |access-date=17 March 2024}}</ref> | HDI_year = ২০২৩ | HDI_change = বৃদ্ধি | HDI_rank = ৩৭তম | currency = ইউৰো (EUR, €) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = পূৰ্ব ইউৰোপীয় সময় (UTC) | utc_offset = +০১:০০ | time_zone_DST = মধ্য ইউৰোপীয় গ্ৰীষ্মকালীন সময় (UTC+০২:০০) | utc_offset_DST = +০২:০০ | date_format = dd-mm-yyyy (AD) | drives_on = সোঁফালে | calling_code = +৩৫১ | cctld = .pt }} '''পৰ্তুগাল''', আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে '''পৰ্তুগীজ গণৰাজ্য''' ({{lang-pt|República Portuguesa}}), দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম [[ইউৰোপ]]ৰ আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপৰ এখন দেশ। ইউৰোপ মহাদেশীয় আটাইতকৈ পশ্চিমীয়া বিন্দুটোৰ সৈতে পৰ্তুগালে ইয়াৰ উত্তৰ আৰু পূব দিশত স্পেইনৰ সীমাৰেখাৰে আবৃত, যাৰ সৈতে ই ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ আটাইতকৈ দীঘলীয়া নীৰৱচ্ছিন্ন সীমান্তৰ অংশীদাৰ; দক্ষিণ আৰু পশ্চিমে উত্তৰ [[আটলাণ্টিক মহাসাগৰ]]; আৰু পশ্চিম আৰু দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিমে আজোৰছ আৰু মাদেইৰাৰ মেকাৰোনেছিয়ান দ্বীপপুঞ্জ আছে, যিবোৰ পৰ্তুগালৰ দুটা স্বায়ত্তশাসিত অঞ্চল। লিছবন ৰাজধানী আৰু সৰ্ববৃহৎ চহৰ, তাৰ পিছতে পৰ্টো, যি একমাত্ৰ আন মহানগৰ। পশ্চিম আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপত প্ৰাগঐতিহাসিক যুগৰ পৰাই অবিৰতভাৱে বসতি হৈ আহিছে, বসতিৰ আদিম চিন খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ৫৫০০ চনৰ পৰা।<ref name="prehistory">{{cite book |last1=Traganos |first1=Dimosthenis |title=European Landscapes from Mountain to Sea |chapter=Chapter 3: Portugal |publisher=Springer |year=2016 |pages=26–27 |isbn=9783319253765}}</ref> খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব প্ৰথম সহস্ৰাব্দত কেলটিক আৰু আইবেৰিয়ান জনগোষ্ঠীসমূহৰ আগমন ঘটে। খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব দ্বিতীয় শতিকাত এই অঞ্চল ৰোমান নিয়ন্ত্ৰণলৈ আহে। খ্ৰীষ্টীয় পঞ্চম শতিকাৰ পৰা অষ্টম শতিকালৈকে জাৰ্মাণিক জনগোষ্ঠী আৰু এলানসকলে একেৰাহে শাসন কৰিছিল। অষ্টম শতিকাত মুছলমানসকলে মূল ভূখণ্ড পৰ্তুগাল আক্ৰমণ কৰে, কিন্তু ক্ৰমান্বয়ে খ্ৰীষ্টান ৰিকনকুইষ্টাই তেওঁলোকক বহিষ্কাৰ কৰে আৰু ১২৩৮ চনৰ পৰা ১২৪৯ চনৰ ভিতৰত আলগাৰ্ভ দখল কৰি শিখৰত উপনীত হয়। ১১৭৯ চনত ''মেনিফেষ্টিছ প্ৰ'বেটাম''।<ref name="history1">{{cite book |last=Disney |first=A. R. |title=A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire |volume=1 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2009 |pages=50–75 |isbn=9780521738224}}</ref> আৱিষ্কাৰ যুগৰ অন্যতম প্ৰাথমিক অংশগ্ৰহণকাৰী হিচাপে পৰ্তুগালে নৌ বিজ্ঞানত কেইবাটাও উন্নতি সাধন কৰিছিল, য'ত ভল্টা ডু মাৰ নেভিগেচনেল কৌশল উদ্ভাৱন কৰা হৈছিল, যিয়ে মুকলি সাগৰত নিৰাপদ যাত্ৰা-ভ্ৰমণ সম্ভৱ কৰি তুলিছিল — বিশ্ব ইতিহাসৰ এটা ডাঙৰ টাৰ্নিং পইণ্ট।<ref name="discovery">{{cite book |last=Boxer |first=Charles R. |title=The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825 |url=https://archive.org/details/portugueseseabor0000boxe |publisher=Hutchinson |year=1969 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/portugueseseabor0000boxe/page/22 22]–45}}</ref> পৰ্তুগালে মাদেইৰা আৰু আজোৰছত বসতি স্থাপন কৰি এটা প্ৰভাৱশালী সামুদ্ৰিক সাম্ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে যি বেছিভাগেই দক্ষিণ আটলাণ্টিক আৰু ভাৰত মহাসাগৰৰ উপকূলৰ কাষেৰে বিস্তৃত আছিল।<ref name="empire1">{{cite book |last=Russell-Wood |first=A. J. R. |title=The Portuguese Empire, 1415–1808: A World on the Move |url=https://archive.org/details/portugueseempire0000russ_e5n7 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=1998 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/portugueseempire0000russ_e5n7/page/10 10]–38 |isbn=9780801859557}}</ref> পৰ্তুগীজসকল প্ৰথম ইউৰোপীয়সকলৰ ভিতৰত আছিল যিয়ে নতুন ভূখণ্ড আৰু সাগৰীয় পথসমূহ অন্বেষণ আৰু আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল, বসতি, উপনিবেশ আৰু বাণিজ্যিক চকীসমূহৰ এক বিশ্বব্যাপী বাণিজ্যিক নেটৱৰ্ক স্থাপন কৰিছিল।<ref name="empire2">{{cite book |last=Newitt |first=Malyn |title=A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion 1400–1668 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofportugu0000newi |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofportugu0000newi/page/60 60]–100 |isbn=9780415229891}}</ref> ১৫৮০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বংশগত সংকটৰ ফলত আইবেৰিয়ান সংঘ (১৫৮০–১৬৪০)ৰ সৃষ্টি হয়, যিয়ে পৰ্তুগালক স্পেনিছ শাসনৰ অধীনত একত্ৰিত কৰে,<ref name="iberianunion">{{cite book |last=Livermore |first=H. V. |title=A New History of Portugal |url=https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofport0000unse_y9g3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1969 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newhistoryofport0000unse_y9g3/page/160 160]–175}}</ref> ইয়াৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বিশ্ব শক্তি হিচাপে অৱনতি ঘটে।<ref name="decline">{{cite book |last=Bethencourt |first=Francisco |title=The Inquisition: A Global History, 1478–1834 |url=https://archive.org/details/inquisitiongloba0000beth |publisher=CUP |year=2009 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/inquisitiongloba0000beth/page/200 200]–220 |isbn=9780521732512}}</ref> ১৬৪০ চনত পৰ্তুগীজৰ সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব পুনৰ লাভ কৰা হয় আৰু ইয়াৰ পিছত ১৬৮৮ চনলৈকে চলি থকা ব্যয়বহুল আৰু দীঘলীয়া যুদ্ধ হয়, আনহাতে ১৭৫৫ চনৰ লিছবন ভূমিকম্পই চহৰখন ধ্বংস কৰে আৰু সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অৰ্থনীতিৰ অধিক ক্ষতি কৰে।<ref name="lisbonearthquake">{{cite web |title=Lisbon Earthquake of 1755 |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Lisbon-earthquake-of-1755 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=4 May 2021}}</ref> ১৮০৭ চনত নেপোলিয়ন যুদ্ধই ৰাজধানী [[ব্ৰাজিল]]লৈ স্থানান্তৰিত কৰে, যাৰ ফলত ইয়াক উপনিবেশৰ পৰা ৰাজ্যলৈ উন্নীত কৰা হয় আৰু ১৮২২ চনত ইয়াৰ স্বাধীনতাৰ শিখৰত উপনীত হয় আৰু সাংবিধানিক ৰাজতন্ত্ৰৰ সমৰ্থক আৰু নিৰপেক্ষ ৰাজতন্ত্ৰবাদীসকলৰ মাজত গৃহযুদ্ধ (১৮২৮–১৮৩৪) ৰ সূচনা হয়।<ref name="napoleon">{{cite book |last=Maxwell |first=Kenneth |title=Conflicts and Conspiracies: Brazil and Portugal, 1750–1808 |url=https://archive.org/details/conflictsconspir0000maxw |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1973 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/conflictsconspir0000maxw/page/143 143]–175 |isbn=9780521203197}}</ref> ১৯১০ চনৰ ৫ অক্টোবৰৰ বিপ্লৱলৈকে ৰাজতন্ত্ৰ স্থায়ী হৈ থাকে আৰু ইয়াৰ ঠাইত প্ৰথম গণৰাজ্য গঠন হয়। তাৰ পিছত ইয়াৰ ঠাইত স্বৈৰাচাৰী ''ডিটাডুৰা নেচনেল'' আৰু তাৰ পিছত ''ইষ্টাডো নভো''লৈ পৰিণত হয়।<ref name="estado-novo">{{cite book |last=Wiarda |first=Howard J. |title=Corporatism and Development: The Portuguese Experience |url=https://archive.org/details/corporatismdevel0000wiar |publisher=University of Massachusetts Press |year=1977 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/corporatismdevel0000wiar/page/80 80]–110 |isbn=9780870231941}}</ref> ১৯৭৪ চনত কাৰ্নেচন বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত গণতন্ত্ৰ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ হয়, যিয়ে পৰ্তুগীজ ঔপনিৱেশিক যুদ্ধৰ অন্ত পেলায় আৰু পৰ্তুগালৰ শেষৰটো আফ্ৰিকান ভূখণ্ডক স্বাধীনতা লাভ কৰিবলৈ অনুমতি দিয়ে।<ref name="carnation">{{cite book |last=Maxwell |first=Kenneth |title=The Making of Portuguese Democracy |url=https://archive.org/details/makingofportugue0000maxw |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/makingofportugue0000maxw/page/1 1]–20 |isbn=9780521483407}}</ref> পৰ্তুগালৰ সাম্ৰাজ্যবাদী ইতিহাসে এক বিশাল সাংস্কৃতিক উত্তৰাধিকাৰ এৰি থৈ গৈছে, বিশ্বজুৰি প্ৰায় ৩০ কোটি [[পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষা|পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষী]] আছে। আজি ই এখন উন্নত দেশ, যাৰ উন্নত অৰ্থনীতি মূলতঃ সেৱা, উদ্যোগ আৰু পৰ্যটনৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল। ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ, ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ, শ্বেংগেন অঞ্চল আৰু ইউৰোপ পৰিষদৰ সদস্য পৰ্তুগাল নাটো, ইউৰো মণ্ডল, অ'ইচিডি আৰু পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষা দেশৰ সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ অন্যতম প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক সদস্য আছিল।<ref name="modernportugal">{{cite web |title=Portugal |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Portugal |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=4 May 2021}}</ref> == ব্যুৎপত্তিবিজ্ঞান == '''পৰ্তুগাল''' শব্দটো ৰোমান-চেলটিক স্থাননাম '''Portus Cale'''ৰ পৰা আহে,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/portugal|title=Portugal – Origin and meaning of the name Portugal by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=Etymonline.com|access-date=25 January 2018|archive-date=20 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220050255/https://www.etymonline.com/word/portugal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://agal-gz.org/faq/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=contributos-pgl:sobre_a_origem_e_significado_da_palavra_portugal.pdf|title=Origem e significado das palavras Portugal e Galiza|website=agal-gz.org|access-date=25 February 2023|archive-date=3 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203194424/http://agal-gz.org/faq/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=contributos-pgl:sobre_a_origem_e_significado_da_palavra_portugal.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> যি বৰ্তমানৰ পৰ্টো আৰু ভিলা নোভা দে গাইয়া অঞ্চলৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ। "Portus" শব্দটোৰ উৎস [[লেটিন ভাষা]]ৰ ''portus'', যাৰ অৰ্থ "বন্দৰ।" "Cale" শব্দটোৰ অৰ্থ আৰু উৎপত্তি স্পষ্ট নহয়; প্ৰচলিত মত অনুসৰি, এইটো উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপৰ গালাচি (বা গাল্লাচি) নামৰ এক চেলটিক জনগোষ্ঠীৰ পৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/31989410|title=Documentos dança portuguesa|first=Marcos|last=Winicius|via=academia.edu|access-date=12 April 2020|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817085223/https://www.academia.edu/31989410|url-status=live}}</ref> আন এটা তত্ত্ব মতে "Cale" শব্দটো চেলটিক ভাষাৰ "বন্দৰ"ৰ এক ৰূপ, আৰু আন কিছুমান মতে ই চেলটিক দেৱী "Cala"ৰ নামৰ পৰা আহে। আন এজন ফ্ৰেন্স পণ্ডিতৰ মতে এইটো ''Portus Gallus'' (গলসকলৰ বন্দৰ) ৰ পৰা আহিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8zAQAAMAAJ&q=portus+Gallus+etymologie+du+portugal&pg=PA441|title=Manuel géographique et statistique de l'Espagne et du Portugal ...|date=11 April 2018|publisher=Buisson|via=Google Books|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202203433/https://books.google.com/books?id=MD8zAQAAMAAJ&q=portus+Gallus+etymologie+du+portugal&pg=PA441#v=snippet&q=portus%20Gallus%20etymologie%20du%20portugal&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref> খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ২০০ চনত দ্বিতীয় পুনিক যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত ৰোমানসকলে কাৰ্থাজীয়সকলৰ পৰা আইবেৰিয়াৰ অধিকাৰ লয় আৰু কেল নামৰ অঞ্চলটো দখল কৰি "Portus Cale" (Caleৰ বন্দৰ) নামেৰে অভিহিত কৰে আৰু ইয়াক গালেচিয়া প্ৰদেশত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰে। মধ্যযুগত ছুইবি আৰু ভিচিগোথসকলে এই অঞ্চলটো "Portucale" নামেৰে চিনাকি কৰিছিল। সপ্তম আৰু অষ্টম শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত "Portucale" নামটো পৰিবৰ্তিত হৈ "Portugale" হয়, আৰু নৱম শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত এই নামটো ডৌৰো নদী আৰু মিনহো নদীৰ মাজৰ অঞ্চলটো বুজাবলৈ ব্যৱহৃত হৈছিল। একাদশ আৰু দ্বাদশ শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত এই নামবোৰ "Portugale", "Portugallia", "Portvgallo" বা "Portvgalliae" ৰূপত দেখা পোৱা যায়, যি শেষত "Portugal" ৰূপত পৰিগণিত হয়। ==ইতিহাস== '''পৰ্তুগালৰ ইতিহাস''' প্ৰায় ৪ লাখ বছৰৰ আগৰ পৰাই অনুসন্ধান কৰিব পাৰি, যেতিয়া বৰ্তমানৰ পৰ্তুগালৰ অঞ্চলত হোমো হাইডেলবাৰ্গেন্সিছৰ বসতি আছিল। প্ৰায় দুটা শতিকা ধৰি আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপ ৰোমান বিজয়ৰ ফলত বৰ্তমানৰ পৰ্তুগালৰ দক্ষিণে লুচিটেনিয়া আৰু উত্তৰত গালেচিয়া প্ৰদেশ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়। ৰোমৰ পতনৰ পিছত ৫ম আৰু অষ্টম শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত জাৰ্মাণিক জনগোষ্ঠীসমূহে এই ভূখণ্ড নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিছিল, য'ত ব্ৰাগাক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি ছুইবি ৰাজ্য আৰু দক্ষিণত ভিচিগোথিক ৰাজ্যও আছিল। ৭১১–৭১৬ চনত ইছলামিক উমাইয়াদ খিলাফতৰ আক্ৰমণে ভিচিগোথ ৰাজ্য জয় কৰি ইছলামিক ষ্টেট অৱ আল-আন্দালুছ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে, লাহে লাহে আইবেৰিয়াৰ মাজেৰে আগবাঢ়ি যায়। ১০৯৫ চনত পৰ্তুগালে গালিচিয়া ৰাজ্যৰ পৰা বিচ্ছিন্ন হয়। বুৰ্গাণ্ডীৰ কাউণ্ট হেনৰীৰ পুত্ৰ আফনছ' হেনৰিকছে ১১৩৯ চনত নিজকে পৰ্তুগালৰ ৰজা ঘোষণা কৰে। ১২৪৯ চনত আলগাৰ্ভ (পৰ্তুগালৰ দক্ষিণতম প্ৰদেশ) মূৰৰ পৰা জয় কৰা হয় আৰু ১২৫৫ চনত লিছবন ৰাজধানী হয়। তেতিয়াৰ পৰা পৰ্তুগালৰ স্থল সীমা প্ৰায় অপৰিৱৰ্তিত হৈ আছে। প্ৰথমজন ৰজাৰ ৰাজত্বকালত পৰ্তুগীজসকলে সিংহাসনৰ ওপৰত হোৱা যুদ্ধত কেষ্টিলিয়ানসকলক পৰাস্ত কৰে (১৩৮৫) আৰু ইংলেণ্ডৰ সৈতে ৰাজনৈতিক মিত্ৰতা স্থাপন কৰে (১৩৮৬ চনত উইণ্ডচৰ সন্ধিৰ দ্বাৰা)। মধ্যযুগৰ শেষৰ ফালৰ পৰা ১৫ আৰু ১৬ শতিকাত ইউৰোপৰ " আৱিষ্কাৰ যুগ "ৰ সময়ত পৰ্তুগালে বিশ্ব শক্তিৰ মৰ্যাদা লাভ কৰে কাৰণ ই এক বিশাল সাম্ৰাজ্য গঢ়ি তুলিছিল। ১৫৭৮ চনত মৰক্কোত হোৱা আলকাচাৰ কুইবিৰ যুদ্ধৰ পৰা সামৰিক অৱনতিৰ লক্ষণ আৰম্ভ হয়; এই পৰাজয়ৰ ফলত ৰজা চেবাষ্টিয়ানৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু উচ্চ সম্ভ্ৰান্ত লোকৰ বহু লোকক কাৰাগাৰত ভৰোৱা হয়, যাক বহুত খৰচ কৰি মুক্তিপণ দিবলগীয়া হয়। ইয়াৰ ফলত ১৫৮০ চনৰ পৰা ১৬৪০ চনত চতুৰ্থ জনৰ নেতৃত্বত পৰ্তুগীজ পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ যুদ্ধৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ ভিতৰত স্পেইনৰ সৈতে ৬০ বছৰীয়া বংশগত সংঘৰ জৰিয়তে পৰ্তুগালৰ ৮০০ বছৰীয়া স্বাধীনতাত সামান্য বাধাৰ সৃষ্টি হয় ইয়াৰ উপৰিও এটা কাৰক, কিয়নো পৰ্তুগালে আক্ৰমণৰ বাবে জাহাজৰ অৰিহণা যোগাবলগীয়া হৈছিল। ১৭৫৫ চনত ভূমিকম্পত ইয়াৰ ৰাজধানী চহৰৰ বহু অংশ ধ্বংস হোৱা, নেপোলিয়ন যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত দখল কৰা আৰু ১৮২২ চনত ইয়াৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ উপনিবেশ ব্ৰাজিল হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱা আদিও আছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/portugal-seeks-balance-emigration-immigration |title=Portugal Seeks Balance of Emigration, Immigration |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |date=2002-08-09 |access-date=2024-12-19}}</ref> ১৯১০ চনত বিপ্লৱে ৰাজতন্ত্ৰক পদচ্যুত কৰে। ১৯২৬ চনত হোৱা সামৰিক অভ্যুত্থানে একনায়কত্ববাদ স্থাপন কৰে আৰু ১৯৭৪ চনত আন এক অভ্যুত্থানলৈকে চলি থাকে। নতুন চৰকাৰে ব্যাপক গণতান্ত্ৰিক সংস্কাৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে আৰু ১৯৭৫ চনত পৰ্তুগালৰ সকলো আফ্ৰিকান উপনিবেশকে স্বাধীনতা প্ৰদান কৰে পৰ্তুগীজ ভাষাৰ দেশসমূহ . ১৯৮৬ চনত ই ইউৰোপীয় অৰ্থনৈতিক সম্প্ৰদায় (বৰ্তমান ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ)ত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে। ==ভূগোল== পৰ্তুগাল পশ্চিম [[ইউৰোপ]]ৰ এখন উপকূলীয় ৰাষ্ট্ৰ, আইবেৰিয়ান উপদ্বীপৰ পশ্চিম মূৰত অৱস্থিত, [[স্পেইন]]ৰ সীমাৰেখাত (ইয়াৰ উত্তৰ আৰু পূব সীমান্তত: মুঠ ১২১৫ কিলোমিটাৰ (৭৫৫ মাইল))। পৰ্তুগীজ ভূখণ্ডত [[আটলাণ্টিক মহাসাগৰ]]ৰ শৃংখলাবদ্ধ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ (আজোৰছ আৰু মাদেইৰা)ও অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে, যিবোৰ উত্তৰ আটলাণ্টিকৰ কাষৰীয়া কৌশলগত দ্বীপ। জিব্ৰাল্টাৰ জলদ্বীপৰ পৰা অতি দক্ষিণ অংশ বেছি দূৰত নহয়, যাৰ ফলত ভূমধ্য সাগৰলৈ যায়। মুঠতে দেশখনৰ মাটিকালি ৯২,০৯০ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩৫,৫৬০ বৰ্গমাইল) যাৰ ভিতৰত ৯১,৪৭০ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ (৩৫,৩২০ বৰ্গমাইল) মাটি আৰু ৬২০ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ (২৪০ বৰ্গমাইল) পানী।<ref>{{cite web | url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/portugal/ | title= Portugal | publisher= CIA - The World Factbook | access-date= 2009-11-28 | archivedate= 2021-01-09 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20210109122645/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/portugal | deadurl= yes }}</ref> এই সংজ্ঞাসমূহৰ পিছতো পৰ্তুগাল-স্পেইন সীমান্ত দুয়োখন দেশৰ মাজত এক অমীমাংসিত ভূখণ্ডীয় বিবাদ হৈয়ে আছে। ১৮০১ চনত স্পেইনে অলিভেঞ্জা দখল কৰাৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ পৰাই পৰ্তুগালে কায়া আৰু ৰিবেইৰা দে কুংকছ নদীৰ বদ্বীপৰ মাজৰ সীমান্তক স্বীকৃতি নিদিয়ে। এই ভূখণ্ড যদিও বাস্তৱিকতে স্পেনিছ দখলৰ অধীনত আছে, তথাপিও পৰ্তুগালৰ এটা ডি জুৰ অংশ হৈয়েই আছে, ফলস্বৰূপে এই অঞ্চলত এতিয়াৰ পৰা কোনো সীমান্ত স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{cite web |title=A questão de Olivença |url=http://www.olivenca.org/litigio.htm |publisher=olivenca.org |access-date=29 January 2021 |archive-date=3 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203173035/http://www.olivenca.org/litigio.htm |url-status=dead |archivedate=3 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203173035/http://www.olivenca.org/litigio.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == ৰাজনীতি == {{multiple image | caption_align = center | image1 = Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa em 2018.jpg | width1 = 161 | caption1 = মাৰ্চেলো ৰেবেলো ডি ছৌজা,<br /><small>পৰ্তুগালৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি, ২০১৬ চনৰ পৰা।</small> | image2 = EPP Summit, 21 March, Brussels (53600549642) (cropped).jpg | width2 = 166 | caption2 = লুই মণ্টেনেগ্ৰো,<br /><small>পৰ্তুগালৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী, ২০২৪ চনৰ পৰা।</small> }} '''পৰ্তুগালৰ ৰাজনীতি''' একক, বহুদলীয়, অৰ্ধ-ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি, প্ৰতিনিধিত্বমূলক গণতান্ত্ৰিক গণৰাজ্য হিচাপে চলি আহিছে, য'ত পৰ্তুগালৰ প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীয়ে চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বীৰ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি হৈছে অকাৰ্যকৰী ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ মুৰব্বী, যদিও তেওঁ আনুষ্ঠানিক ৰূপত অৱস্থান লৈছে, তথাপিও তেওঁ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ কিছুমান ৰাজনৈতিক ক্ষমতা প্ৰয়োগ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17760433|title=Portugal profile - Leaders|publisher=BBC|access-date=8 July 2023|date=7 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="Presidency">[https://www.presidencia.pt/en/president-of-the-republic/duties-of-the-president/ Duties of the President&nbsp; – Head of State] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206000818/https://www.presidencia.pt/en/president-of-the-republic/duties-of-the-president/ |date=2023-12-06 }}. Official Page of the Presidency of the Portuguese Republic. Retrieved 7 September 2021.</ref> কাৰ্যবাহী ক্ষমতা চৰকাৰে প্ৰয়োগ কৰে, যাৰ নেতা হৈছে প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী। আইন প্ৰণয়নৰ ক্ষমতা প্ৰধানকৈ গণৰাজ্যৰ বিধানসভাৰ ওপৰত নিহিত, যদিও চৰকাৰে কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত নিজেও আইন প্ৰণয়ন কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="AR">[https://www.parlamento.pt/sites/en/paginas/default.aspx The Assembleia da República as a body that exercises sovereign power]. Assembleia da República. Retrieved 7 September 2021.</ref> পৰ্তুগালৰ ন্যায়পালিকা কাৰ্যবাহী আৰু বিধানসভাৰ পৰা স্বাধীনভাৱে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিয়ে এক ধৰণৰ "সমন্বয়কাৰী ক্ষমতা" প্ৰয়োগ কৰে, যিটো পৰম্পৰাগত চৰকাৰী তিনিটা শাখাৰ (বিধায়িকা, কাৰ্যবাহিকা, ন্যায়পালিকা) কোনো এটাত স্পষ্টভাৱে অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত নহয়।<ref name="Presidency" /> ১৯৭৫ চনৰ পৰা পৰ্তুগালৰ দলীয় ব্যৱস্থাত সমাজবাদী পাৰ্টি আৰু ছ’চিয়েল ডেম’ক্ৰেটিক পাৰ্টিৰ আধিপত্য থাকিলেও, ২০২৫ পৰ্তুগীজ বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰবাদী উগ্ৰ সোঁপন্থী চেগা দলৰ উল্লেখযোগ্য উত্থান ঘটে। উক্ত নিৰ্বাচনত দলটোৱে ২৩% জনভোট লাভ কৰি গণৰাজ্যৰ বিধানসভাত ৬০খন আসন জয় কৰি বিৰোধী দলৰ নেতৃত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ভি-ডেম গণতন্ত্ৰ সূচক অনুসৰি, ২০২৩ চনত পৰ্তুগাল বিশ্বৰ ২০তম স্থানত থকা নিৰ্বাচনী গণতান্ত্ৰিক দেশ আছিল।<ref name="vdem_dataset">{{cite web |last=V-Dem Institute |date=2023 |title=The V-Dem Dataset |url=https://www.v-dem.net/data/the-v-dem-dataset/ |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> ==টোকা== <references group="টোকা"/> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইউৰোপৰ দেশ]] 6xa7ppay20pxnxbc441msq8xtuppnye 0 122461 646151 612645 2026-10-19T21:48:49Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:দেশ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = কিউবা প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ | capital = [[হাভানা]] | area_km2 = 1,10,860 | population_estimate = ৯৭ লক্ষ (২০২৪) | currency = কিউবান পেছো (CUP)<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuban Peso|url=https://www.xe.com/currency/cup-cuban-peso|access-date=2025-06-07|archivedate=2025-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618175224/https://www.xe.com/currency/cup-cuban-peso/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | government_type = একদলীয় সমাজবাদী শাসন ব্যৱস্থা<ref>{{cite web|title=Politics of Cuba|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba/Government-and-society}}</ref> }} '''কিউবা''' ({{lang-es|Cuba}}), আনুষ্ঠানিকভাৱে '''কিউবা গণপ্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ''', এখন দ্বীপ-ৰাষ্ট্ৰ। ইয়াত বৃহৎ কিউবা দ্বীপ, আইছলা দে লা জুভেণ্টুড, আৰু প্ৰায় ৪,১৯৫টা সৰু-সুৰা দ্বীপ, দ্বীপচিকা আৰু কেয় অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। দেশটো উত্তৰ কেৰিবিয়ান সাগৰ, মেক্সিকো উপসাগৰ আৰু [[আটলাণ্টিক মহাসাগৰ]]ৰ সংযোগস্থলত অৱস্থিত। কিউবাৰ উত্তৰে বাহামা আৰু ফ্ল’ৰিডা (যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ), পশ্চিমে [[মেক্সিকো]], দক্ষিণে [[জামাইকা]] আৰু কেমেন দ্বীপপুঞ্জ, আৰু পূবে হিস্পানিঅোলা দ্বীপ (ডমিনিকান গণৰাজ্য আৰু [[হাইটি]]) অৱস্থিত। [[হাভানা]] হৈছে কিউবাৰ ৰাজধানী আৰু আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ চহৰ। জনসংখ্যাৰ পৰিমাণত কিউবা কেৰিবিয়ানৰ তৃতীয় সৰ্বাধিক জনবহুল দেশ, আৰু আয়তনত আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ। মানৱ বসতি খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব চতুৰ্থ সহস্ৰাব্দৰ পৰাই কিউবাত পোৱা যায়। স্পেনীয় উপনিবেশিকৰণ আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ সময়ত, অঞ্চলটোত গুয়ানাহাটাবে আৰু টাইনো জাতীয় লোকসকল বাস কৰিছিল। তাৰ পাছত কিউবা স্পেইনৰ উপনিবেশ হৈ পৰে আৰু ১৮৮৬ চনত দাস প্ৰথাৰ বিলোপ ঘটে। ১৮৯৮ চনৰ স্পেন-আমেৰিকান যুদ্ধৰ পিছত যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰে কিউবাক অধিকাৰ কৰে, আৰু ১৯০২ চনত দেশটোৱে স্বাধীনতা লাভ কৰে। ১৯৫৯ চনৰ জানুৱাৰীত সংঘটিত কিউবা বিপ্লৱৰ জৰিয়তে ফুলজেনচিঅ’ বাটিষ্টাৰ শাসনৰ অৱসান হয় আৰু ফিডেল কাষ্ট্ৰোৰ নেতৃত্বত সমাজবাদী চৰকাৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়। শীতল যুদ্ধকালীন সময়ত কিউবা ছোভিয়েট ইউনিয়নৰ লগত ঘনিষ্ঠভাৱে জড়িত হৈ পৰে, আৰু ১৯৬২ চনৰ কিউবা ক্ষেপণাস্ত্ৰ সংকটক শীতল যুদ্ধৰ আটাইতকৈ সংকটজনক মুহূৰ্ত হিচাপে বিবেচনা কৰা হয়। ১৯৭০ দশকৰ ভিতৰত কিউবাই আফ্ৰিকাৰ কেইবাটাও মাৰ্ক্সবাদী চৰকাৰক সামৰিক সহায় প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ১৯৮০ দশকৰ ভিতৰত ছোভিয়েট ইউনিয়নে কিউবাক ৩৩ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰৰ ওপৰত অৰ্থনৈতিক সহায় প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ফিডেল কাষ্ট্ৰোৱে ২০০৮ চনত অৱসৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে, আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাই ৰাউল কাষ্ট্ৰোৱে নেতৃত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ২০১৮ চনত ৰাউলে নেতৃত্বৰ পৰা সৰি আহে আৰু মিগেল ডায়েজ-কেনেল কিউবাৰ ৰাজ্য পৰিষদৰ সভাপতি হয়। ২০২১ চনত ৰাউল কাষ্ট্ৰোৱে কমিউনিষ্ট পাৰ্টিৰ প্ৰথম সম্পাদকৰ পদৰ পৰা অৱসৰ লয় আৰু ডায়েজ-কেনেল তেওঁক উত্তৰাধিকাৰী হিচাপে স্থান গ্ৰহণ কৰে। কিউবা এখন একদলীয় সমাজবাদী ৰাষ্ট্ৰ, য’ত কমিউনিষ্ট পাৰ্টিৰ শাসন সংবিধানত সন্নিবিষ্ট। দেশখনত স্বৈৰাচাৰী চৰকাৰ চলি আছে, য’ত ৰাজনৈতিক বিৰোধিতাৰ অনুমতি নাই।<ref name="freedomhouse"/> <ref name="hrw"/> সংবাদ মাধ্যমত ব্যাপক চেন্সৰশ্বিপ চলোৱা হয় আৰু স্বতন্ত্ৰ সাংবাদিকতা দমন কৰা হয়।<ref name="rsf2023"/> <ref name="rsf2022"/> <ref name="rsf2020"/> '''ৰিপ’ৰ্টাৰ্ছ উইদাউট বাৰ্ডাৰছে''' কিউবাক সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ স্বাধীনতাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ বেয়া দেশসমূহৰ অন্যতম বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছে।<ref name="rsf2023"/> সাংস্কৃতিকভাৱে কিউবাক লেটিন আমেৰিকাৰ অংশ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref name="cultural"/> কিউবা ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ, জি৭৭, অসংলগ্ন আন্দোলন, আফ্ৰিকান-কেৰিবিয়ান-প্ৰশান্ত মহাসাগৰীয় ৰাষ্ট্ৰ সংগঠন (ACP), এলবা আৰু আমেৰিকান ৰাষ্ট্ৰ সংস্থাৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক সদস্য। দেশখনৰ অৰ্থনীতি এখন পৰিকল্পিত সমাজবাদী অৰ্থনীতি, য’ত পৰ্যটন, চেনি, ধঁপাত, কফি আৰু শিক্ষিত জনবল ৰপ্তানি মুখ্য। কিউবাই সাক্ষৰতা, শিশুমৃত্যুৰ হাৰ আৰু আয়ুসৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত কেৰিবিয়ান অঞ্চলৰ অন্য বহু দেশতকৈ উন্নত মানদণ্ড দেখুৱাইছে।<ref name="unicef-lit"/> <ref name="who-infant"/> কিউবাত এক সৰ্বজনীন স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা ব্যৱস্থা আছে, যি নাগৰিকসকলক বিনামূলীয়া চিকিৎসা প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref name="healthsystem1"/> <ref name="healthsystem2"/> যদিও চিকিৎসকৰ কম দৰমহা, চিকিৎসা সঁজুলিৰ অভাৱ আৰু ঔষধৰ সংকটৰ দৰে সমস্যাও বিদ্যমান।<ref name="healthchallenges1"/> <ref name="healthchallenges2"/> ২০২৩ চনৰ OCDHৰ মতে, ৮৮% কিউবান নাগৰিকে অতি দৰিদ্ৰতাত জীৱন যাপন কৰে।<ref name="ocdh2023"/> খাদ্য অপুষ্টি আৰু পুষ্টিগত বৈচিত্ৰ্যৰ অভাৱ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সমস্যা। ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ বিশ্ব খাদ্য কাৰ্যসূচীয়ে (WFP) উল্লেখ কৰিছে যে ৰেচনত প্ৰদান কৰা খাদ্যয়ে অধিকাংশ কিউবানৰ পুষ্টি প্ৰয়োজন পূৰণ কৰিব নোৱাৰে।<ref name="wfp2023"/> ১৯৬০ চনৰ পৰা কিউবাৰ ওপৰত যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰে আৰোপ কৰা বাণিজ্য নিষেধাজ্ঞা বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ দীঘলীয়া অৰ্থনৈতিক অবৰোধসমূহৰ অন্যতম।<ref name="embargo"/> == ইতিহাস == কিউবাত বসতি স্থাপন কৰা প্ৰথম জাতিসমূহ আছিল আৰাওৱাক আৰু টাইনোসকল। ১৪৯২ চনত [[খ্ৰীষ্টোফাৰ কলম্বাছ]] দ্বীপখন আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰে, আৰু শীঘ্ৰেই স্পেইনে ইয়াক উপনিবেশ ৰূপে দখল কৰে। ১৮৯৮ চনৰ স্পেন-আমেৰিকা যুদ্ধৰ পাছত কিউবা স্বাধীনতা লাভ কৰে, যদিও আমেৰিকাৰ প্ৰভাৱ বহুদিন ধৰি অৱশিষ্ট থাকে। ১৯৫৯ চনত [[ফিদেল কাস্ত্ৰো]]ৰ নেতৃত্বত বিপ্লৱ সংঘটিত হয় আৰু কিউবা এখন সমাজবাদী ৰাষ্ট্ৰলৈ পৰিণত হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Cuba|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba/History}}</ref> == ৰাজনৈতিক ব্যৱস্থা == কিউবা এখন একদলীয় ৰাষ্ট্ৰ; [[কিউবান কমিউনিষ্ট পাৰ্টি]] হৈছে একমাত্ৰ স্বীকৃত ৰাজনৈতিক দল। ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি হৈছে ৰাজ্যৰ মুখ্য আৰু চৰকাৰৰ মুৰব্বী। বৰ্তমানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি হৈছে [[মিগুৱেল দিয়াজ্-কানেল]]।<ref>{{cite web|title=Government and politics|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba/Government-and-society}}</ref> == অৰ্থনীতি == দেশখনৰ অৰ্থনীতি মূলত চৰকাৰী নিয়ন্ত্ৰণত চলি থাকে। চিনি, তামাক, চিকিৎসা সেৱা আৰু পৰ্যটন হৈছে মুখ্য আয়ৰ উৎস। ১৯৯০ দশকত সোভিয়েট সংহতিৰ পতনৰ পাছত কিউবা গভীৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক সংকটৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|title=Economy of Cuba|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba/Economy}}</ref> == জনসংখ্যা আৰু সমাজ == কিউবাৰ জনসংখ্যা প্ৰায় ৯৭ লক্ষৰ পৰা ১ কোটিৰ ভিতৰত। জনসাধাৰণৰ মূল বংশ পৰিচয় হৈছে স্পেনীয়, আফ্ৰিকান আৰু স্থানীয় আদিবাসী জনগোষ্ঠীৰ মিশ্ৰণ। কিউবাত সাক্ষৰতা প্ৰায় ১০০% আৰু স্বাস্থ্য সেৱা সকলো নাগৰিকৰ বাবে উন্মুক্ত।<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuba – Demographics|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cuba/overview}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == সংস্কৃতি == কিউবাৰ সংগীত, নৃত্য, সাহিত্য ইত্যাদিৰে সমৃদ্ধ সংস্কৃতি আছে। 'ছন', 'ৰুম্বা', 'ছালছা' আদি নৃত্য-সংগীত বিশ্বজুৰি জনপ্ৰিয়। বেছবল দেশখনৰ আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় খেল।<ref>{{cite web|title=Cuban culture|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba/Cultural-life}}</ref> == আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সম্পৰ্ক == দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি কিউবাৰ ওপৰত [[যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ বাণিজ্যিক নিষেধাজ্ঞা বলবৎ আছে। ২০১৫ চনত উভয় দেশৰ মাজত কূটনৈতিক সম্পৰ্ক পুনঃস্থাপন হৈছিল যদিও সম্পূৰ্ণ স্বাভাৱিকতা এতিয়াও হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{cite web|title=US-Cuba relations|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-united-states-and-cuba-a-brief-history/}}</ref> == পৰ্যটন == কিউবা হৈছে এক জনপ্ৰিয় পৰ্যটন গন্তব্য, য'ত প্ৰাকৃতিক সৌন্দৰ্য, ঔপনিবেশিক যুগৰ স্থাপত্য, সংগীত, নৃত্য আৰু খাদ্যসংস্কৃতি পৰ্যটকক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। হাভানা, ভাৰাদে’ৰ, ত্ৰিনিদাদ আদি অঞ্চল পৰ্যটকৰ বাবে জনপ্ৰিয় স্থান।<ref>{{cite web|title=Tourism in Cuba|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba/Tourism}}</ref> == উল্লেখযোগ্য তথ্য == * ৰাজধানী: [[হাভানা]] * চৰকাৰ: একদলীয় সমাজবাদী * মুদ্ৰা: কিউবান পেছো (CUP) * ভাষা: [[স্পেনীছ ভাষা]] * ধৰ্ম: ৰাজনৈতিকভাৱে ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ, কিন্তু সাণ্টেৰিয়া আদিৰ প্ৰভাৱ আছে ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist|refs= <ref name="freedomhouse">{{cite web |title=Cuba: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/cuba/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="hrw">{{cite web |title=Cuba |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2023/country-chapters/cuba |website=Human Rights Watch |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="rsf2023">{{cite web |title=Cuba – RSF 2023 World Press Freedom Index |url=https://rsf.org/en/country/cuba |website=Reporters Without Borders |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="rsf2022">{{cite web |title=RSF 2022 Index: Cuba |url=https://rsf.org/en/ranking |website=Reporters Without Borders |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="rsf2020">{{cite web |title=RSF – Cuba among the world's worst for press freedom |url=https://rsf.org/en/news/cuba-worst-press-freedom-americas |website=Reporters Without Borders |access-date=7 June 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="cultural">{{cite web |title=Latin American Culture – Cuba |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba/Cultural-life |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="unicef-lit">{{cite web |title=Cuba – Education and Literacy |url=https://data.unicef.org/resources/cuba/ |website=UNICEF |access-date=7 June 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="who-infant">{{cite web |title=Infant mortality rate – Cuba |url=https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/child-mortality-rate-infants-per-1000-live-births |website=World Health Organization |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="healthsystem1">{{cite journal |last=Keck |first=C.W. |title=Health care in Cuba |journal=Medical Care |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=647–653 |year=1994 |doi=10.1097/00005650-199407000-00004}}</ref> <ref name="healthsystem2">{{cite web |title=Cuba’s Health Care System: a Model for the World |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2800141/ |website=NCBI – National Library of Medicine |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="healthchallenges1">{{cite web |title=Cuban doctors struggle with medicine shortages |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64523226 |website=BBC News |date=6 February 2023 |access-date=7 June 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="healthchallenges2">{{cite web |title=Healthcare crisis in Cuba worsens |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/cubas-health-system-falters-2023-05-10/ |website=Reuters |date=10 May 2023 |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="ocdh2023">{{cite web |title=88% of Cubans Live in Extreme Poverty |url=https://observacuba.org/en/88-of-cubans-live-in-extreme-poverty-according-to-ocdh/ |website=Observatorio Cubano de Derechos Humanos |date=2023 |access-date=7 June 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name="wfp2023">{{cite web |title=Cuba: WFP Concerned About Nutrition Crisis |url=https://www.wfp.org/countries/cuba |website=World Food Programme |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> <ref name="embargo">{{cite web |title=U.S. Relations With Cuba – A Longstanding Embargo |url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-cuba/ |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=7 June 2025}}</ref> }} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভূগোল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ দেশ]] fosisrf85kmhhkt4qqgms1xlgemgwhz 0 122463 646145 583767 2026-10-19T21:43:12Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:দেশ]]; added [[Category:আফ্ৰিকাৰ দেশ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ইথিঅ'পিয়া ফেডাৰেল গণপ্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ | capital = [[আদ্দিছ আবাবা]] | area_km2 = ১,১০৪,৩০০ | population_estimate = প্ৰায় ১১৫.৯ মিলিয়ন (২০২৩) | government_type = ফেডাৰেল গণপ্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ<ref>{{cite web|title=ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ চৰকাৰ ব্যবস্থা|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia/Government-and-society}}</ref> | currency = ইথিঅ'পিয়ান বিৰ (ETB)<ref>{{cite web|title=ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ মুদ্ৰা|url=https://www.xe.com/currency/etb-ethiopian-birr}}</ref> | time_zone = EAT (UTC+০৩:০০) }} '''ইথিঅ'পিয়া''' হৈছে [[আফ্ৰিকা]] মহাদেশৰ পূব-উত্তৰ অংশত অৱস্থিত এখন দেশ। ই আফ্ৰিকাৰ আটাইতকৈ জনবহুল অভ্যন্তৰীণ দেশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত এটা আৰু অঞ্চলটোৰ এক প্ৰাচীনতম সভ্যতাৰ জন্মভূমি। ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ মুঠ ভূমি প্ৰায় ১,১০৪,৩০০ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ আৰু জনসংখ্যা প্ৰায় ১১৫.৯ মিলিয়ন (২০২৩) বুলি ধৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ ভূগোল আৰু জনসংখ্যা|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ethiopia/|access-date=2025-06-07|archivedate=2021-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421154941/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ethiopia/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == ভৌগোলিক গঠন == ইথিঅ'পিয়া পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চল আৰু উচ্চ ভূমিৰ দেশ। দেশখনৰ আটাইতকৈ উচ্চ স্থান হৈছে ৰাশ মাকোনেন (৪,৬১০ মি) আৰু ইটাৰ পৰ্বতশৃংখলা দেশটোৰ মুখ্য ভূ-আকৃতি। ৰফি নদী আৰু [[নীল নদী]]ৰ উৎস এই দেশতে অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{cite web|title=ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ পৰ্বত আৰু নদীসমূহ|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia/Physical-geography}}</ref> == জলবায়ু == ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ জলবায়ু অঞ্চল অনুসৰি বেলেগ বেলেগ, উচ্চ ভূমি অঞ্চলত শীতল আৰু মৃদু, নিছলা ভূমিত গৰম আৰু আৰ্দ্ৰ। বৰ্ষাকাল সাধাৰণতে জুনৰ পৰা ছেপ্টেম্বৰলৈ থাকে।<ref>{{cite web|title=ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ জলবায়ু|url=https://www.climate-data.org/africa/ethiopia/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == জনসংখ্যা আৰু ভাষা == ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ জনসংখ্যা বহু জাতি আৰু ভাষাৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ। [[আমহাৰিক ভাষা]] হৈছে চৰকাৰী ভাষা, আৰু এছিৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলত বিভিন্ন আদিবাসী আৰু স্থানীয় ভাষাও ব্যৱহৃত হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ ভাষা আৰু জনসংখ্যা|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/ET}}</ref> == ৰাজনীতি == ইথিঅ'পিয়া এখন ফেডাৰেল গণপ্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ। দেশটোৰ চৰকাৰ ফেডাৰেল আৰু ৰাজ্যিক স্তৰত বিভক্ত। শাসন প্ৰণালী ধাৰাবাহিক পৰিৱৰ্তনত আছে, আৰু কিছু সময়ৰ পৰা অঞ্চলত ৰাজনৈতিক উত্তেজনা দেখা গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web|title=ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ ৰাজনীতি|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13349398}}</ref> == অৰ্থনীতি == ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ অৰ্থনীতি কৃষি, শিল্প আৰু সেৱা ক্ষেত্ৰত আধাৰিত। কফি উৎপাদন ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ অন্যতম মুখ্য অৰ্থনৈতিক সম্পদ। দেশখনৰ অৰ্থনীতি বৰ্তমান উন্নয়নশীল অৱস্থাত আছে, কিন্তু কিছু পৰিমাণে সামাজিক আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক বাধাৰ সন্মুখীন হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=ইথিঅ'পিয়াৰ অৰ্থনীতি|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia/overview}}</ref> == উল্লেখযোগ্য তথ্য == * জনসংখ্যা: প্ৰায় ১১৫.৯ মিলিয়ন (২০২৩) * মুঠ ভূমি: ১,১০৪,৩০০ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ * ৰাজধানী: আদ্দিছ আবাবা * চৰকাৰ: ফেডাৰেল গণপ্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ * মুদ্ৰা: ইথিঅ'পিয়ান বিৰ (ETB) * মুখ্য ভাষা: আমহাৰিক * সময় অঞ্চল: UTC+৩ ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ভূগোল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:আফ্ৰিকাৰ দেশ]] gb0pbfo9hzcn31aw6slor4oz37r9cqv 0 125372 646159 635411 2026-10-19T23:33:58Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646159 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Shamim Osman Cropped- Sheikh Hasina Awami League Election Rally Narayanganj 2024-01-04 (PID-0011612) (cropped).jpg|thumb|180px|[[Shamim Osman]], [[Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]] politician, first used the slogan.]] [[File:Mamata Banerjee - Kolkata 2011-12-08 7542 Cropped.JPG|thumb|180px|বৰ্তমানৰ পশ্চিমবংগৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী [[মমতা বেনাৰ্জী]]য়ে এই শ্লোগানটি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে]] '''খেলা হবে''' [[বাংলাদেশ]] আৰু [[ভাৰত]]ৰ বিশেষকৈ [[পশ্চিম বংগ]] আৰু [[অসম]]ত বাংলা ভাষাৰ জনপ্ৰিয় ৰাজনৈতিক শ্লোগান।<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 14, 2021|first=Prabin|last=Kalita|title='Khela hobe': Game's on in Assam too, with a twist|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/assam/khela-hobe-games-on-in-assam-too-with-a-twist/articleshow/81488834.cms|access-date=2021-04-11|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314030950/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/assam/khela-hobe-games-on-in-assam-too-with-a-twist/articleshow/81488834.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=টুম্পা সোনা, খেলা হবে ও কৃষ্ণকলি - TheWall|url=https://thewall.in/opinion-column-about-2021-election-campaign-and-its-strategy-with-parody-song/|access-date=2021-04-11|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411144716/https://thewall.in/opinion-column-about-2021-election-campaign-and-its-strategy-with-parody-song/|url-status=live|archivedate=2021-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411144716/https://thewall.in/opinion-column-about-2021-election-campaign-and-its-strategy-with-parody-song/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-31|title='Khela Hobe' to 'Cool Cool Trinamool': A look at catchy slogans in West Bengal|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/khela-hobe-to-cool-cool-trinamool-a-look-at-catchy-slogans-in-west-bengal-968630.html|access-date=2021-04-11|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|archive-date=2021-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411144712/https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/khela-hobe-to-cool-cool-trinamool-a-look-at-catchy-slogans-in-west-bengal-968630.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ইয়াৰ ইংৰাজী অনুবাদ হয় "দ্যা গেম ইজ অন।" এই শ্লোগানটো প্ৰথমে জনপ্ৰিয় কৰিছিল বাংলাদেশী ৰাজনীতিবিদ ছামিম ওছমানে।<ref>{{Cite web|title=শামীম ওসমানেৰ 'খেলা হবে' স্লোগান ধাৰ কৰে উত্তাল পশ্চিমবঙ্গ|url=https://www.banglatribune.com/666958/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2|access-date=2021-04-11|website=Bangla Tribune|language=bn|archive-date=2021-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411154631/https://www.banglatribune.com/666958/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2|url-status=live}}</ref> ==ব্যৱহাৰ== ===বাংলাদেশত=== [[আৱামী লীগ]] তথা জাতীয় সংসদৰ সদস্য [[ছামিম ওছমান]] ২০১৩ চনত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে "খেলা হোবে" শ্লোগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। বাংলাদেশ জাতীয়তাবাদী দল আৰু বাংলাদেশ জামাত-ই-ইছলামীৰ নেতৃত্বত চলা আন্দোলনৰ প্ৰেক্ষাপটত দশম ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰাকক্ষণত তেওঁ এই শ্লোগান দিছিল।<ref name=pa/> নাৰায়ণগঞ্জৰ এখন ৰাজনৈতিক সভাত তেওঁ কয় যে "কাৰে খেলা শেখান? আমৰা তো ছোটবেলাৰ খেলোয়াড়। খেলা হবে!" (অৰ্থ:আপুনি কাক খেল শিকাইছে? আমি শৈশৱৰপৰাই খেলুৱৈ। খেল চলিব! )<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dw.com/bn/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87/a-56636655|title=‘খেলা হবে’ নাৰায়ণগঞ্জ থেকে পশ্চিমবঙ্গে|lang=bn|first=Payel|last=Samanta|date=20 February 2021|access-date=7 November 2022|newspaper=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ ২৭ আগষ্টতো তেওঁ এই শ্লোগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsbangla24.com/news/204420/Again-I-will-play|title=‘আবাৰও বলছি, খেলা হবে’|lang=bn|first=Mohammad Billal|last=Hossain|date=27 August 2022|access-date=7 November 2022|website=Newsbangla24.com}}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ ১৬ জুলাইত আৱামি লীগৰ সাধাৰণ সম্পাদক তথা জাতীয় সংসদৰ সদস্য ওবাইদুল কোৱাডাৰেও নিৰ্বাচনৰ বাটত বাংলাদেশ জাতীয়তাবাদী দলক আহ্বান জনাবলৈ এই শ্লোগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jugantor.com/politics/573196/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0|title=খেলা হবে, খেলায় আসুন: ওবায়দুল কাদেৰ|lang=bn|date=16 July 2022|access-date=7 November 2022|newspaper=[[Jugantor]]}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত ১৭ আগষ্টত ২০০৫ চনৰ বাংলাদেশ বোমা বিস্ফোৰণ দিৱস উপলক্ষ্য্য্যে আয়োজন কৰা এক সমাৱেশত,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=16645|title=খেলা হবে, খেলা: ওবায়দুল কাদেৰ|lang=bn|date=17 August 2022|access-date=7 November 2022|newspaper=[[Manab Zamin]]}}</ref> ২৯ অক্টোবৰত ঢাকাত<ref name=pa/> আৰু ৭ নৱেম্বৰত টাংগাইলত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা আৱামী লীগৰ ত্ৰিবাৰ্ষিক সন্মিলনত তেওঁ দলটোৰ বিৰুদ্ধে এই শ্লোগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/619514/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%97-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0|title=ডিসেম্বৰে খেলা হবে, আওয়ামী লীগ প্ৰস্তুত: কাদেৰ|lang=bn|date=7 November 2022|access-date=7 November 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Ittefaq]]}}</ref><ref name=pa>{{cite news|url=https://www.prothomalo.com/politics/2le1ewgp3b|title=নাৰায়ণগঞ্জ থেকে কলকাতা হয়ে ‘খেলা হবে’ এখন ঢাকায়|lang=bn|first=Rajib|last=Ahmed|date=30 October 2022|access-date=7 November 2022|newspaper=[[Prothom Alo]]}}</ref> পিছত ওবাইদুল কোৱাডাৰক সংসদত বিৰোধী দলৰ একাংশ সদস্যই "খেলা হোবে" শ্লোগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাৰ বাবে সমালোচনা কৰে। সমালোচনাৰ উত্তৰত তেওঁ কয় যে "খেলা হোবে" এটা ৰাজনৈতিক শ্লোগান আৰু ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰে গণতন্ত্ৰক উলংঘা নকৰে।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/politics/news/bd/984484.details|title=ভাৰতেৰ নিৰ্বাচনেও মোদি-মমতা ‘খেলা হবে’ শ্লোগান দিয়েছেন|lang=bn|date=7 November 2022|access-date=7 November 2022|website=[[Banglanews24.com]]|archivedate=6 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106192253/https://www.banglanews24.com/politics/news/bd/984484.details|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ===ভাৰতত=== ২০২১ চনৰ পশ্চিম বংগ বিধানসভাৰ নিৰ্বাচনত সৰ্বভাৰতীয় তৃণমূল কংগ্ৰেছে (এআইটিচি বা টিএমচি) নিজৰ বেচৰকাৰী নিৰ্বাচনী গীত<ref>{{cite web|date=5 March 2021|title=Bengal Assembly Elections 2021: 'Khela Hobe' fame Debangshu Bhattacharya fails to get TMC ticket|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-bengal-assembly-polls-2021-khela-hobe-fame-debangshu-bhattacharya-fails-to-get-tmc-ticket-2879417|work=DNA India|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> খেলা হোবে (দ্যা গেম ইজ অন)ৰ জৰিয়তে যুঁজাৰু মনোভাবৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল যিটো পিছলৈ ''ভাঙা পায়ে খেলা হোবে'' (ভঙা ভৰিৰ সৈতেও খেলা হ'ব) শ্লোগানলৈ সংশোধন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/mamata-leads-tmcs-march-on-wheelchair-says-injured-tiger-more-dangerous/articleshow/81494922.cms|title=Mamata leads TMC's march on wheelchair, says injured tigress is more dangerous|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=DNA Explainer: Origin of the slogan 'Khela hobe' and how it became war cry in West Bengal Assembly election 2021|language=en|work=DNA India|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-dna-explainer-origin-of-the-slogan-khela-hobe-and-how-it-became-war-cry-in-2021-west-bengal-assembly-election-2882669|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> পশ্চিম বংগ ৰাজ্যত এই গীতটো ইমানেই ভাইৰেল হৈছিল যে, আনকি বিজেপিৰ কেডাৰসকলেও দলীয় চৰকাৰী শ্লোগান ''আৰ নয় অন্যায়'' (আৰু অন্যায় নহয়) আৰু ''সোণাৰ বাংলা'' (সোণৰ বংগ) শ্লোগানৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে ''খেলা হোবে'' শ্লোগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/mar/12/khela-hobe-trinamools-poll-jingle-goes-viral-bjp-uses-it-to-hit-back-at-mamata-camp-2275626.html|title='Khela Hobe': Trinamool's poll jingle goes viral, BJP uses it to hit back at Mamata camp|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=16 March 2021|title=Bengal elections: How 'Khela hobe' has become a slogan for both TMC and BJP|language=en|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-khela-hobe-bengal-assembly-polls-7201242/}}</ref> যেতিয়ালৈকে নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদীয়ে ইয়াক নাকচ কৰা নাছিল।<ref name="thehindu.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/khela-hobe-to-khela-sesh-its-season-of-slogans/article34155120.ece|title='Khela hobe' to 'khela sesh' — it's season of slogans|website=The Hindu|date=25 March 2021|last1=Singh|first1=Shiv Sahay}}</ref> তৃণমূল কংগ্ৰেছে নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰচাৰত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা ‘খেলা হোবে’ (খেল চলি আছে) অতি সফল বুলি প্ৰমাণিত হ’ল। দেবাংশু ভট্টাচাৰ্য,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-16|title='Khela Hobe': Debangshu Bhattacharya Dev, man behind TMC's slogan speaks to FPJ ahead of West Bengal polls|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/khela-hobe-debangshu-bhattacharya-dev-man-behind-tmcs-slogan-speaks-to-fpj-ahead-of-west-bengal-polls|work=The Free Press Journal|access-date=2021-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-17|title=Our slogan shows which way wind is blowing in Bengal: TMC's Debangshu Bhattacharya who wrote 'Khela hobe'|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/khela-hobe-slogan-shows-which-way-wind-is-blowing-in-bengal-says-tmc-debangshu-bhattacharya-7232538/|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2021-10-08}}</ref> তৃণমূলৰ মুখপাত্ৰ তথা তৃণমূল যুৱ কংগ্ৰেছৰ সাধাৰণ সম্পাদক, 'খেলা হোবে'<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=- YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51yWWXkjjVw|via=YouTube}}</ref> শীৰ্ষক এটা গীত ৰচনা কৰিছিল যিটো ৭ জানুৱাৰীত ছ'চিয়েল মিডিয়াত আপলোড কৰা হৈছিল<ref>{{cite web|date=25 March 2021|title='Just like Dhoni, Mamatadi will be the finisher for us'|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/cover/just-like-dhoni-mamatadi-will-be-the-finisher-for-us/article34157932.ece|work=Business Line|access-date=2 January 2022}}</ref> আৰু পিছলৈ ইয়াৰ ডিজে সংস্কৰণ<ref>{{Cite AV media|title=Khela Hobe {{!}} @Songify India {{!}} Debangshu {{!}} Dj Remix {{!}} New Tmc Dj Song 2021 {{!}} Dj BulBul {{!}} Dj Amin|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWdHKVgV_b8|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|title=খেলা হবে DJ Version #KhelaHobe Debangshu Bhattacharya|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB8Ahyln8aE|via=YouTube}}</ref> ইণ্টাৰনেটত ভাইৰেল হৈছিল। ২০২১ চনৰ নিৰ্বাচনত জয়লাভ কৰাৰ পাছত টিএমচি দলৰ কৰ্মীসকলে 'পাৰ্টি হ'ব' শ্লোগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি উদ্‌যাপন কৰে আৰু খেলা হোবে গীতত নৃত্য কৰে।<ref>{{cite news|date=October 4, 2021 |first=Tamaghna|last=Banerjee|title='Party hobe': CM Mamata Banerjee's supporters paint the town green |language=en|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/party-hobe-didis-supporters-paint-the-town-green/articleshow/86741104.cms}}</ref> খেলা হোবেৰ জনপ্ৰিয় শ্লোগানৰ পৰিপ্ৰেক্ষিতত মমতা বেনাৰ্জীয়ে ঘোষণা কৰে যে, তেওঁৰ দলে ১৬ আগষ্ট(১৯৮০ চনৰ সেইদিনা ইষ্ট বেংগল এফ চি আৰু মোহন বাগান এ চিৰ সমৰ্থকসকলে ২টা প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বী ফুটবল ক্লাবৰ মাজত সংঘৰ্ষ হৈছিল, যাৰ ফলত ১২ জন সমৰ্থকৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল, যাৰ ফলত বাঙালী লোকৰ ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতি থকা আকৰ্ষণৰ ইংগিত পোৱা গৈছিল)ৰ দিনটো ''খেলা হোবে দিবস'' হিচাপে পালন কৰিব, যিটো বিজেপিয়ে ''ডাইৰেক্ট একচন ডে''ৰ সৈতে সংযোগ কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/tmc-bjp-spar-over-khela-hobe-dibas-on-august-16/article35915338.ece|title=TMC, BJP spar over 'Khela Hobe Dibas' on August 16|website=The Hindu|date=14 August 2021|last1=Singh|first1=Shiv Sahay}}</ref> 'খেলা হোবে দিভাছ' পৰিকল্পনা অনুসৰি উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news|date=August 16, 2021|title=Khela Hobe Divas: TMC celebrates 'Khela Hobe Divas'|language=en|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/tmc-observes-khela-hobe-diwas-across-west-bengal/articleshow/85363785.cms|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> মমতা বেনাৰ্জীয়ে খেলা হোবে নামৰ চৰকাৰী আঁচনি এখনো আৰম্ভ কৰে যাৰ অধীনত সমাজৰ অৰ্থনৈতিকভাৱে দৰিদ্ৰ শ্ৰেণীৰ মাজত ক্ৰীড়াৰ প্ৰচাৰৰ বাবে ৰাজ্যৰ ২৫,০০০ ক্ৰীড়া ক্লাবক বিনামূলীয়া ফুটবলৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে ৫,০০,০০০ টকাৰ অনুদান বিতৰণ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/mamata-banerjee-dribbles-football-at-khela-hobe-programme-launch-in-kolkata-101627913128403.html|title=Mamata dribbles football at 'Khela hobe' programme launch; says slogan now popular across India|website=hindustantimes.com|date=2 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=29 October 2021|title=Mamata Banerjee in Goa: Didi talks fish, football amid 'Khela Hobe' chants|language=en|work=mint|url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/mamata-banerjee-in-goa-didi-talks-fish-football-amid-khela-hobe-chants-11635522177186.html}}</ref> এই শ্লোগানৰপৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ উত্তৰ প্ৰদেশৰ ৰাজনৈতিক দল সমাজবাদী পাৰ্টি আৰু সুহেলদেৱ ভাৰতীয় সমাজ পাৰ্টিয়ে 'খাড়েদা হবে' শ্লোগান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news|title=SP-SBSP join hands, give slogan 'Khadeda Hobe' on lines of Mamata's 'Khela Hobe' battle cry|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/uttar-pradesh/sp-sbsp-join-hands-give-slogan-khadeda-hobe-on-lines-of-mamatas-khela-hobe-battle-cry/articleshow/87314480.cms}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=BJP hits out at SP, SBSP Uttar Pradesh alliance, says no 'Khadeda Hobe', 'Khela Hobe' only 'Vikas Hobe'|language=en|work=Big News Network.com|url=https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/271597306/bjp-hits-out-at-sp-sbsp-uttar-pradesh-alliance-says-no-khadeda-hobe-khela-hobe-only-vikas-hobe|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127051349/https://www.bignewsnetwork.com/news/271597306/bjp-hits-out-at-sp-sbsp-uttar-pradesh-alliance-says-no-khadeda-hobe-khela-hobe-only-vikas-hobe|archivedate=2024-11-27|access-date=2025-09-15|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ===অন্যান্য=== ২০২১ চনৰ নৱেম্বৰ মাহত কলকাতাই অন্ধসকলৰ বাবে খেলা হোবে নামৰ প্ৰথমখন ফুটবল প্ৰতিযোগিতা আয়োজন কৰে।<ref>{{cite news|title=Kolkata set to host its first football tournament for the blind in November|work=www.msn.com|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/sport/cricket/kolkata-set-to-host-its-first-football-tournament-for-the-blind-in-november/ar-AAQuznt|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> ''খেলা হোবে'' থিমৰ ওপৰত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ পণ্ডল সৃষ্টি কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news|date=10 October 2021|title=Game mode on with 'Khela Hobe' themed Durga Puja pandal in Kolkata|language=en|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/kolkata-news/game-mode-on-with-khela-hobe-themed-durga-puja-pandal-in-kolkata-101633842965986.html}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:শ্লোগান]] i8e9qo2beafdm548lu77ks1cv4wefl1 0 126913 646190 549588 2026-10-20T06:55:31Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646190 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jhamke Bulaki.JPG|thumb|right|ইলাম জিলাৰ এগৰাকী থামি মহিলা, নাকত নেপালৰ স্বাভাৱিক গহনা '''ঝামকে বুলাকি''' পৰিধান কৰিছে।]] '''থামি''' ([[নেপালী]]: थामी) পূব হিমালয়ৰ এটা খিলঞ্জীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী। নেপালত ইহঁতে মূলতঃ পূব-মধ্য [[নেপাল|নেপালৰ]] দোলাখা জিলাৰ চুছপা, ক্ষমাৱতী, খোপাচাগু, আলমপু, বিগু, কালিঞ্চোক, লাপিলাং আৰু লাকুৰি ডাণ্ডা গাঁওসমূহত বাস কৰে। [[ভাৰত|ভাৰতত]] ইহঁতে [[দাৰ্জিলিং]], কালিম্পং, কেৰচেং (পশ্চিমবংগ) আৰু [[ছিকিম|ছিকিমত]] বসবাস কৰে। বহু থামি বংশৰ সদস্য [[ভূটান|ভূটানতো]] বাস কৰে। তেওঁলোকক স্থানীয়ভাৱে '''থাংমি''' বুলিও কোৱা হয়। তেওঁলোকে থামি ভাষা বা ‘‘থাংমি ৱাখেখাম’’ নামেৰে পৰিচিত এটা তিব্বত-বৰ্মী ভাষা কয়। ‘‘থামি’’ শব্দৰ ব্যুত্পত্তিগত অৰ্থ হৈছে ‘‘থা’’ (সীমা অঞ্চল) আৰু ‘‘মি’’ (মানুহ)। সেই মতে, ‘‘থামি’’ শব্দৰ অৰ্থ নেপালৰ সীমান্তীয় অঞ্চলত বসবাস কৰা জনগোষ্ঠী। ২০১১ চনৰ নেপাল জনগণনা অনুসৰি নেপালত থামিৰ জনসংখ্যা ২৯,০০০ আছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ ভিতৰত কিছুমান কিৰাত ধৰ্মৰ, আন কিছুমান [[হিন্দুধৰ্ম]] আৰু [[বৌদ্ধধৰ্ম|বৌদ্ধধৰ্মৰ]] অনুসাৰী। থামি জনগোষ্ঠী প্ৰকৃতি পূজক আৰু ধৰ্মীয় অনুষ্ঠানসমূহত শামান (ধৰ্মগুৰু) অনুসৰণ কৰে। তেওঁলোকে উদহৌলি আৰু উভৌলি পূদুসা উৎসৱত নিজা দেৱতাসমূহক পূজা কৰে — ‘‘বৰ-দেৱ’’ (দ্বাদশ দেৱতা), ‘‘ভুম্যা দেৱ’’ (মাতৃ পৃথিৱী), ‘‘বিছাই দেৱ’’, ‘‘গোছাই দেৱ’’, ‘‘চিৰকুন দেৱ’’ আদি। কিন্তু কালক্ৰমে থামি সমাজ জনপ্ৰিয় ধৰ্মসমূহৰ প্ৰভাৱত হিন্দু আৰু বৌদ্ধ হিচাপে নিজকে চিনাক্ত কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। এই সংমিশ্ৰণ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াই তেওঁলোকৰ নিজা সংস্কৃতি, পৰম্পৰা আৰু বিশ্বাস প্ৰণালীৰ ওপৰত প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে। থামি জনগোষ্ঠী সামাজিক-আৰ্থিক আৰু ৰাজনৈতিকভাৱে পশ্চাদপদ। ইয়াৰ অন্যতম কাৰণ হৈছে তেওঁলোকক পূব হিমালয়ৰ স্থানীয় জনজাতি হিচাপে অগ্ৰাহ্য কৰা আৰু তেওঁলোক খিলঞ্জীয়া বুলি দাবী কৰিবলৈ লিখিত দস্তাবেজৰ অভাৱ। বহু ক্ষেত্ৰত তেওঁলোকক অন্য জনজাতি বা জাতিৰ উপগোত্ৰ হিচাপে ভুল ধৰা হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ নাম মুলুক আইন ১৮৫৪ চনত প্ৰকাশিত নেপালৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিধিত উল্লেখ নাই। এই উপেক্ষাই তেওঁলোকক সমাজৰ সীমান্তত ঠেলি দিছে আৰু তেওঁলোকে কৃষি, বনজ, কাঠমিস্ত্ৰী, শ্ৰমিক আদি পেছাত নিৰ্ভৰশীল হৈ পৰিছে। ইয়াৰ ফলত তেওঁলোকৰ অৰ্থনৈতিক অৱস্থা দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰিছে আৰু দাৰিদ্ৰ্যই শিক্ষাৰ সুযোগ সীমিত কৰিছে। == ভৌগোলিক বিতৰণ == বৰ্তমান, নেপাল আৰু ভাৰত উভয় দেশতে থামি জনসংখ্যা আন নেপালী জনগোষ্ঠীৰ তুলনাত কম। ২০১১ নেপাল জনগণনা]ঋ অনুসৰি থামি জনগোষ্ঠীক ‘‘পৰ্বত/পাহাৰী জনজাতি’’ হিচাপে শ্ৰেণীবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>Population Monograph of Nepal, Volume II [https://nepal.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf]</ref> ২০১১ চনৰ জনগণনা অনুসৰি নেপালত ২৮,৬৭১ জন থামি আছিল (দেশৰ ০.১%)। প্ৰদেশভিত্তিক জনসংখ্যা তলত দিয়া হৈছে — * বাগমতী প্ৰদেশ (০.৫%) * গান্দকী প্ৰদেশ (০.০%) * কৰ্ণালী প্ৰদেশ (০.০%) * কোশী প্ৰদেশ (০.০%) * লুম্বিনী প্ৰদেশ (০.০%) * মধেশ প্ৰদেশ (০.০%) * সুদূৰপশ্চিম প্ৰদেশ (০.০%) থামিৰ জনসংখ্যা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গড় (০.১%)তকৈ অধিক থকা জিলা — <ref>[https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf 2011 Nepal Census, District Level Detail Report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314170005/https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf |date=2023-03-14 }}</ref> * দোলাখা (৯.০%) * সিন্ধুপালচোক (১.৭%) * ৰামেছাপ (১.০%) * ইলাম (০.৩%) * সিন্ধুলি (০.৩%) == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == * Shneiderman, Sara (2009). ''Ethnic (P)reservations: Comparing Thangmi Ethnic Activism in Nepal and India.'' In Gellner David N., ''Ethnic Activism and Civil Societies in South Asia'', 115–141. New Delhi: Sage Publication. * Shneiderman, Sara (2015). ''Rituals of Ethnicity: Thangmi Identities between Nepal And India.'' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. * Shneiderman, Sara and Turin, Mark (2006). ''Revisiting Ethnography, Recognition: A Forgotten People: The Thangmi of Nepal and India.'' ''Mandala Book Point Journal'', 11 (1): 54–58. * Turin, Mark (1998). ''Newar Thangmi Lexicon Correspondences.'' In George Van Driem, ''Himalayan Linguistics.'' Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter. * Turin, Mark (1998). ''The Thangmi Verbal Agreement System and the Kiranti Connection.'' ''Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies'', University of London, 61 (3): 476–491. * Turin, Mark and Thami, Bir Bahadur (2004). ''Nepali–Thami–English Dictionary.'' Martin Chowthari and Samajik Wikas Kendra. Kathmandu: Nepal. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080907012159/http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/ss364/downloads/remember.pdf Remembering the Thami: A Case Study] * [http://www.nefin.org.np/ Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities] * [http://bhalakusari.com/2017/3/111 থামী জাতিবাৰে জানো: सपना থামী] {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:নেপাল]] 2lp1drbsmj9rupwhydwoimgwk2pth6e 0 127137 646168 560443 2026-10-20T01:28:53Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646168 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rudreshwar Charchala temple at Matiari in Nadia district, West Bengal 01.jpg|210px|thumb|right|''চৰ-চালা'' পশ্চিম বংগৰ নদিয়া জিলাৰ মাটিয়াৰীত থকা ৰুদ্ৰেশ্বৰ চাৰচলা মন্দিৰ]] '''চালা শিল্প শৈলী''' হৈছে বংগ মন্দিৰৰ স্থাপত্যৰ এটা শৈলী, যি পঞ্চদশ শতিকাৰপৰা বংগত উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web | url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Temple_Architecture | title = Temple architecture | first = Nasreen | last = Akhter | publisher = Banglapedia | access-date = 8 June 2023 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20210301005846/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Temple_Architecture | archivedate = 1 March 2021 | deadurl = yes}}</ref> হিন্দু মন্দিৰ স্থাপত্যত আঞ্চলিক শৈলী হিচাপে উৎপত্তি লাভ কৰিছিল। এই শৈলীৰ মূল বৈশিষ্ট্যসমূহ হ’ল ওপৰৰ ভাগ বক্ৰ আৰু অলংকৃত। পশ্চিম বংগৰ চালা শৈলীৰ মন্দিৰবোৰ বোকাৰ দেৱাল আৰু খেৰৰ চালিৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। কিন্তু, পূব বংগত (বৰ্তমান বাংলাদেশ) ইয়াক বাঁহৰ গঠন আৰু খেৰৰ চালৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="mccutchion"/> সমগ্ৰ বংগত চালা শৈলীৰ মন্দিৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল। কিন্তু বেছিভাগ মন্দিৰ পশ্চিম বংগত পোৱা যায়। বৰ্তমান সময়ত এই মন্দিৰসমূহ বৰ্তমান দুটা পৃথক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ভূ-খণ্ডত অৱস্থিত: ভাৰতৰ [[পশ্চিম বংগ]] আৰু [[বাংলাদেশ]]ত। ==ইতিহাস== মৌৰ্য যুগত চালা-শৈলীৰ উপস্থিতি দেখা যায়। মৌৰ্য শস্যৰ ভঁৰাল চালা শৈলীৰ অন্যতম প্ৰকাৰ চৰচলাৰ সৈতে মিল আছে। চতুৰ্দশ শতিকাত নিৰ্মিত পশ্চিমবংগৰ পশ্চিম বৰ্ধমান জিলাৰ গৰুইস্থিত শিলৰ মন্দিৰৰ চালা শৈলী বা বংগৰ জুপুৰি আকৃতিৰ চাল আছে। চালা শৈলীৰ আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি মন্দিৰটো হৈছে ঘটালৰ সিংহবাহিনী মন্দিৰ। কিন্তু কিৰিতেশ্বৰী মন্দিৰক চালা শৈলীৰ আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি মন্দিৰ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। ১৪০৫ চনত মূল কিৰিতেশ্বৰী মন্দিৰ ধ্বংস কৰা হয়।<ref name="mccutchion">McCutchion, David J., ''Late Mediaeval Temples of Bengal'', first published 1972, reprinted 2017, pp. 1–14, 19–22. The Asiatic Society, Kolkata, {{ISBN| 978-93-81574-65-2}}.</ref><ref name="amitguha">{{cite web | url = https://amitguha.blog/2017/11/15/terracotta-temples-of-bengal/ | title = Bengal Temple Architecture | first = Amit | last = Guha | publisher = Amit Guha | access-date = 8 Jun 2023 | archive-date = 2018-09-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180904091003/https://amitguha.blog/2017/11/15/terracotta-temples-of-bengal/ | url-status = dead | archivedate = 2018-09-04 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180904091003/https://amitguha.blog/2017/11/15/terracotta-temples-of-bengal/ | deadurl = yes }}</ref> ==প্ৰকাৰসমূহ== চালা-শৈলীত বিভিন্নপ্ৰকাৰৰ মন্দিৰ আছে। এই প্ৰকাৰসমূহ চালৰ সংখ্যা অনুসৰি নিৰ্দিষ্ট কৰা হয়। মূলতঃ ৪প্ৰকাৰৰ চালা শৈলীৰ মন্দিৰ দেখা যায়। চালা-শৈলীৰ অধীনত চাৰিটা প্ৰচলিত মন্দিৰ প্ৰকাৰ হ’ল- দো-চালা, চৰ-চালা, আট-চালা আৰু বড়ো-চালা। ; দো চালা:বাংলা ভাষাত ব্যৱহৃত "দো" শব্দৰ অৰ্থ দুটা। এই চালা শৈলীত নিৰ্মিত মন্দিৰসমূহৰ দুখন চাল (ছাদ) থাকে। এই শৈলীৰ মন্দিৰসমূহ সম্মুখ আৰু পিছফালে দুখন এঢলীয়া চালৰে গঠিত। মন্দিৰৰ মজিয়া আয়তাকাৰ। দো-চালা শৈলীত নিৰ্মিত প্ৰায়বোৰ মন্দিৰৰ সন্মুখত তিনিটা তোৰণ আছে। দো-চালা মন্দিৰত এটা বা তিনিটা প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰ থাকে। একক প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰ থকা মন্দিৰত সন্মুখত প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হয়। ফৰিদপুৰৰ ভাঙাত থকা নাৰায়ণ মন্দিৰ একক প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰ থকা মন্দিৰ। কিছুমান দো-চালা মন্দিৰ তিনিটা প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰেৰে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হয়, মন্দিৰৰ সম্মুখ, বাওঁ আৰু সোঁফালে প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হয়। মুৰ্ছিদাবাদ জিলাৰ বৰনগৰত দো-চালা শৈলীত নিৰ্মিত পঞ্চমুখী শিৱ মন্দিৰত তিনিটা প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰ আছে।<ref name="mccutchion"/> {{multiple image|perrow=3/1|total_width=360 | align = left | image_style = border:none; | image1 = সিদ্ধেশ্বরী কালীমন্দির, কালনা.jpg | caption1 = পশ্চিম বংগৰ কলনা চহৰৰ জোৰ বাংলা সিদ্ধেশ্বৰী কালী মন্দিৰ। | image2=Jor Bangla Temple Arnab Dutta 2011.JPG | caption2 = জোৰ বাংলা মন্দিৰ, বিষ্ণুপুৰ, পশ্চিমবংগ, ভাৰত | image3= জোড় বাংলা মন্দির.1.jpg | caption3 = জোৰ বাংলা মন্দিৰ, পাবনা, বাংলাদেশ। | image4= | caption4 = }} মন্দিৰৰ গঠন আৰু অধিক শক্তিশালী কৰিবলৈ দুটা দো-চালা মন্দিৰ ওচৰাওচৰিকৈ যোৰ কৰা হৈছে, যাক জনপ্ৰিয়ভাৱে ''জোৰ-বাংলা শৈলী'' বুলি জনা যায়। টাৱাৰৰ বাহিৰেও; জোৰ-বাংলা শৈলীৰ কেইটামান বিশিষ্ট মন্দিৰ হ'ল কলনা চহৰৰ সিদ্ধেশ্বৰী কালি মন্দিৰ, পাবনাৰ গোপীনাথ মন্দিৰ আৰু বীৰনগৰৰ ৰাধা-কৃষ্ণ মন্দিৰ। বহুক্ষেত্ৰত জোৰ-বাংলা শৈলীৰ মন্দিৰৰ দুই দো-চালাৰ মাজত চৰ-চালাৰ চাল নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হয়। বিষ্ণুপুৰৰ জোৰ বাংলা মন্দিৰ (কেষ্ট ৰায় মন্দিৰ বুলিও কোৱা হয়) এই শৈলীতে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="isical">{{cite web |title=Jor-bangla temple - BHID: Bishnupur Heritage Image Database |url=https://www.isical.ac.in/~bsnpr/jorbangla.php |website=www.isical.ac.in |access-date=9 June 2023}}</ref> ডেভিদ মেককাচিয়নৰ মতে জোৰ বাংলা শৈলীৰ মন্দিৰবোৰ বেছিভাগেই পুৰুলিয়াৰ পৰা ফৰিদপুৰলৈকে (অৰ্থাৎ গংগাৰ দক্ষিণে আৰু পদ্মাৰ পশ্চিমে) এই অঞ্চলত দেখা যায়। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:স্থাপত্য]] 62ko1bxy7909ezgqlallp933lhx8pr4 0 127356 646119 599639 2026-10-19T20:23:43Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Kabir Chowdhury | native_name = কবীৰ চৌধুৰী | native_name_lang=bn | office = [[Bangla Academy (Bangladesh)|বাংলা একাডেমীৰ সভাপতি‍]] | term_start = ২২ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ২০০৯ | term_end = ১৩ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০১১ | predecessor = [[এম. হাৰুনুৰ ৰছিদ]] | successor = [[অনিছুজ্জামান]] | birth_name = আবুল কালাম মহম্মদ কবীৰ মানিক | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1923|2|9}} | birth_place = [[ব্ৰাহ্মণবাড়িয়া]], [[বেংগল প্ৰেচিডেন্সি‍]], [[ব্ৰিটিছ ইণ্ডিয়া]] | occupation = {{hlist|শিক্ষাবিদ|লেখক|অনুবাদক}} | nationality = বাংলাদেশী | spouse = {{marriage|[[মেহেৰ কবীৰ]]|1945}} | relatives = {{ubl|[[মুনিয়েৰ চৌধুৰী]] (ভাই)|[[ফেৰদৌছি মজুমদাৰ]] (ভগ্নী)}} | awards = ''[[#Awards|সম্পূৰ্ণ তালিকা]]'' | alma_mater = {{ubl|[[দক্ষিণ কেলিফৰ্নিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]|[[মিনেছ’টা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]|[[ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]}} | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2011|12|13|1923|2|9}} | death_place =[[ঢাকা]], বাংলাদেশ }} '''কবীৰ চৌধুৰী''' ({{lang-en|Kabir Chowdhury}}) হ'ল বাংলাদেশৰ এজন বিশিষ্ট শিক্ষাবিদ, নিবন্ধকাৰ আৰু অনুবাদক। বাংলাদেশ চৰকাৰে তেওঁক দেশৰ জাতীয় অধ্যাপক হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰিছিল। তেওঁক জনপ্ৰিয়ভাৱে অধ্যাপক কবীৰ চৌধুৰী বুলি জনা যায়; তেওঁৰ ঘৰত মতা নাম মাণিক। কবীৰ চৌধুৰীৰ কনিষ্ঠ ভাতৃ শ্বহিদ বুদ্ধিজীৱী অধ্যাপক মুনীৰ চৌধুৰী। তেওঁ জীৱন, শিল্প, সমাজ, সংস্কৃতি, ৰাজনীতি নানান বিষয়ত লিখিছিল। তেওঁৰ এজন ভাতৃ কায়ুম চৌধুৰী ১৯৭১ চনত পাকিস্তান সেনাবাহিনীৰ কৰ্ণেল আছিল, পৰৱৰ্তী কালত পাকিস্তানী নাগৰিকত্ব লৈছিল আৰু ১৯৭৪ চনত ব্ৰিগেডিয়াৰ হিচাপে অৱসৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ==প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন== কবীৰ চৌধুৰীৰ জন্ম হৈছিল ১৯২৩ চনৰ ৯ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত ব্ৰাহ্মণবাড়িয়াত। তেওঁৰ পূৰ্বপুৰুষৰ ঘৰ নোয়াখালীৰ চাটখিল উপজিলাৰ গোপাইৰবাগ গাঁৱৰ মুন্সী বাড়িত। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ খান বাহাদূৰ আব্দুল হালিম চৌধুৰী আৰু মাতৃ আফিয়া বেগম। তেওঁৰ সম্পূৰ্ণ নাম আবুল কালাম মহম্মদ কবীৰ। কবীৰ চৌধুৰীৰ পঢ়া-শুনা ঘৰতেই আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। পৰিয়ালৰ সংগত তেওঁ প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা সমাপ্ত কৰে। ১৯৩৮ চনত ঢাকা কলেজিয়েট স্কুলৰপৰা মেট্ৰিকত সপ্তম স্থান লাভ কৰে। ১৯৪০ চনত ঢাকা ইণ্টাৰমিডিয়েট কলেজৰপৰা উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক পৰীক্ষাত চতুৰ্থ স্থান লাভ কৰে। পিছলৈ ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ইংৰাজী বিভাগৰপৰা অনাৰ্চত ১৯৪৩ চনত প্ৰথম শ্ৰেণীত প্ৰথম আৰু ১৯৪৪ চনত একেখন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা এম এ শ্ৰেণীত প্ৰথম শ্ৰেণীত প্ৰথম স্থান লাভ কৰি স্বৰ্ণ পদক লাভ কৰে। পিছলৈ ১৯৫৭-১৯৫৮ চনত ফুলব্ৰাইটৰ পণ্ডিত হিচাপে তেওঁ মিনেছ’টা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত আমেৰিকান সাহিত্যৰ ওপৰত উন্নত গৱেষণা সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে, আৰু ১৯৬৩-১৯৬৫ চনত দক্ষিণ কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ৰাজহুৱা প্ৰশাসনত উচ্চতৰ গৱেষণা সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ আমেৰিকাৰ কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আৰু মিনেছ’টাত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল। ==কৰ্মজীৱন== কবীৰ চৌধুৰীয়ে চৰকাৰী চাকৰিৰপৰাই নিজৰ কৰ্মজীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ স্বেচ্ছাই চৰকাৰী সেৱাৰপৰা অৱসৰ লৈ ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ইংৰাজী বিষয়ৰ অধ্যাপক হিচাপে যোগদান কৰে। ১৯৯৮ চনত তেওঁ জাতীয় অধ্যাপকৰ পদ লাভ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ বাংলা একাডেমীৰ সভাপতি হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত অতিথি অধ্যাপক হিচাপে "সংস্কৃতি অধ্যয়ন"ৰ স্নাতক পৰ্যায়ৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰমত অধ্যাপনা কৰি আহিছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=গুণিজন |url=http://www.goonijon.com/bangla/index.php?mod=article&cat=%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6&article=52 |date=১ ডিসেম্বৰ ২০১১ |আৰ্কাইভেৰ-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916090018/http://www.goonijon.com/bangla/index.php?mod=article&cat=%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6&article=52 |archive-date=১৬ সেপ্টেম্বৰ ২০১১ |url-অৱশ্থা=অকাৰ্যকৰ |access-date=2025-11-17 |archivedate=2011-09-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916090018/http://www.goonijon.com/bangla/index.php?mod=article&cat=%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6&article=52 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> শিক্ষকতা কৰি তেওঁ কৰ্মজীৱন অন্ত পেলায়। বাংলা একাডেমীয়ে শিশু সাহিত্যলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অৱদানৰ বাবে কবীৰ চৌধুৰী শিশু সাহিত্যপুৰস্কাৰ নামেৰে এটি বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=বাংলা একাডেমি প্ৰদত্ত অন্যান্য পুৰস্কাৰ |url=https://banglaacademy.portal.gov.bd/site/page/02bcd06a-3019-4102-963b-bdcc2530531d |ওয়েবসাইট=banglaacademy.org.bd |access-date=2025-11-17 |archivedate=2019-08-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814083945/https://banglaacademy.portal.gov.bd/site/page/02bcd06a-3019-4102-963b-bdcc2530531d |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == পাৰিবাৰিক জীৱন == ১৯৪৫ চনৰ জুন মাহত মেহেৰ কবীৰৰ সৈতে কবীৰ চৌধুৰীৰ বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়। মেহেৰ কবীৰ ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ৰসায়ন বিজ্ঞানৰ অধ্যাপক আছিল। == মৃত্যু == ২০১১ চনৰ ১৩ ডিচেম্বৰত কবীৰ চৌধুৰীৰ ৮৯ বছৰ বয়সত নয়াপল্টন [[ঢাকা|ঢাকা]]ৰ বাসগৃহত মৃত্যু হয়।<ref>[http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=34358 Death of Kabir Chowdhury]</ref> == প্ৰকাশিত কিতাপ == * ''ৰূপকথাৰ কাহিনী'' (১৯৫৯) * ''ব্ল্যাক টিউলিপ'' (১৯৮৯) * ''কাউণ্ট অব মণ্টিক্ৰিষ্টো'' (১৯৮৯) === গৱেষণা-প্ৰবন্ধ === {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * ''ইউৰোপেৰ দশ নাট্যকাৰ'' (১৯৮৫) * ''শেক্সপীয়ৰ ও তাঁৰ মানুষেৰা'' (১৯৮৫) * ''শেক্সপীয়ৰ ও গ্লোব থিয়েটাৰ'' (১৯৮৭) * ''অভিব্যক্তিবাদী নাটক'' (১৯৮৭) * এবচাৰ্ড নাটক (১৯৮৫) * ''ফৰাছী নাটকেৰ কথা'' (১৯৯০) * ''ছয় সঙ্গী'' (১৯৬৪) * ''আধুনিক মাৰ্কিন সাহিত্য'' (১৯৮০) * ''প্ৰাচীন ইংৰেজী কাব্য সাহিত্য'' (১৯৮০) * ''শ্বে‍ক্সপীয়ৰ থেকে ডিলান টমাছ'' (১৯৮১) * ''আমেৰিকাৰ সমাজ ও সাহিত্য'' (১৯৬৮) * ''সপ্তৰথী'' (১৯৭০) * ''মাৰ্কিন উপন্যাস ও তাৰ ঐতিহ্য'' (১৯৭০) * ''অবিস্মৰণীয় বই'' (১৯৬০) * ''নুড চিত্ৰকৰ্ম '' (২০০৬) * ''মানুষেৰ শিল্পকৰ্ম'' (২০০৬)। === আত্মজীৱনী === * আমাৰ ছোটবেলা (২০১২) {{div col end}} == বাংলা অনুবাদ == {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * চেখভেৰ গল্প (১৯৬৯) * সমুদ্ৰেৰ স্বাদ (১৯৭০) * গ্ৰেট গেটছবি (১৯৭১), * দি গ্ৰেপছ অব ৰেথ (১৯৮৯) * ৰূপান্তৰ (১৯৯০) * বেউলফ (১৯৮৫) * অল দি কিংছ মেন (১৯৯২) * দি গাৰ্ল উইথ এ পাৰ্ল ইয়াৰ ৰিং (২০০৭) * গল্প উপন্যাসে প্ৰতিকৃতি চিত্ৰ (২০০৭) * অল্ডমেন এণ্ড দি ছি। {{div col end}} == নাটকৰ অনুবাদ আৰু ৰূপান্তৰ == {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * আহবান (১৯৫৬) * শত্ৰু (১৯৬২) * পাঁচটি একাঙ্কিকা (১৯৬৩) * অচেনা (১৯৬৯) * শহীদেৰ প্ৰতীক্ষায় (১৯৫৯) * হেক্টৰ (১৯৬৯) * ছায়া বাসনা (১৯৬৬) * সেই নিৰালা প্ৰান্তৰ (১৯৬৬) * সম্ৰাট জোনছ (১৯৬৪) * অমা ৰজনীৰ পথে (১৯৬৬) * প্ৰাণেৰ চেয়ে প্ৰিয় (১৯৭০) * লিছিছষ্ট্ৰাটা (১৯৮৪) {{div col end}} == কাব্যনুবাদ == * ভাৎছাৰোভেৰ কবিতা (১৯৮০) * আধুনিক বুলগেৰীয়া কবিতা (১৯৮০) * ৰিস্তো বোতেভৰ কবিতা (১৯৮৮) * ৰিস্তো স্নিৰ্নেনস্কিৰ কবিতা (১৯৮৯) * খলিল জিব্ৰানেৰ কবিতা (১৯৯২) * সচিত্ৰ প্ৰেমেৰ কবিতা (২০০০) == পুৰস্কাৰ == {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * ১৯৬৮ চনত পূৰ্ব পাকিস্তান গৰ্ভণৰ স্বৰ্ণপদক, * হাবিব বেংক [[সাহিত্য]] পুৰস্কাৰ * ১৯৬৯ চনত পাকিস্তান লেখক সংঘ পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৭০ চনত নেশ্বনেল বেংক অফ পাকিস্তান সাহিত্য পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৭৩ চনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি [[আবু সাঈদ চৌধুৰী]] সম্মান পদক, * ১৯৮২ চনত কাজী মাহবুবউল্লাহ আৰু বেগম জেবুন্নেছা স্বৰ্ণপদক, * ১৯৮৫ চনত অলক্ত স্বৰ্ণপদক আৰু সাহিত্য পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৮৬ চনত নাচিৰউদ্দিন স্বৰ্ণপদক, * ১৯৮৯ চনত শেৰে বাংলা পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৯০ চনত আমৰা সূৰ্যমুখী পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৭৩ চনত [[বাংলা একাডেমী পুৰস্কাৰ]], * ১৯৯১ চনত [[একুশে পদক]] <ref>[http://arts.bdnews24.com/?page_id=3638 বিডিনিউজ ২৪ ডট কম] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119174450/https://arts.bdnews24.com/?page_id=3638 |date=2025-01-19 }}{{অকাৰ্যকৰ সংযোগ|date=জানুয়াৰি ২০১৯ |bot=InternetArchiveBot |ঠিক কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা=yes }}</ref>, * ১৯৯৩ চনত লোকনাট্যদল স্বৰ্ণপদক, * ১৯৯৪ চনত উইলিয়াম কেৰী স্বৰ্ণপদক, ভাৰত, * ১৯৯৪ চনত [[শেখ মুজিবুৰ ৰহমান|বঙ্গবন্ধু]] জাতীয় পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৯৭ চনত [[স্বাধীনতা দিৱস পুৰস্কাৰ]]<ref>{{cite web |title=মন্ত্ৰিপৰিষদ বিভাগ |url=http://www.cabinet.gov.bd/view_award.php?lang=bn&award_person_id=81 |date=১ ডিসেম্বৰ ২০১১ |আৰ্কাইভেৰ-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823095227/http://www.cabinet.gov.bd/view_award.php?lang=bn&award_person_id=81 |archive-date=২৩ আগষ্ট ২০১১ |url-অৱশ্থা=অকাৰ্যকৰ }}</ref>, * ১৯৯৭ চনত খালেদ দাদ চৌধুৰী সাহিত্য পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৯৮ চনত সুফী মোতাহাৰ হুচেইন সাহিত্য পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৯৯ চনত শামছুল হক মালিহা খাতুন পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৯৯ চনতে [[হুছে‍ন শ্বহীদ চোহ্‌ৰাৱাৰ্দী]] জাতীয় পুৰস্কাৰ, * ১৯৯৯ চনত কবি [[জছীমউদ্দীন]] পুৰস্কাৰ, * ২০০০ চনত ৰবীন্দ্ৰ শিল্পী সংস্থাৰ সম্মান, * ২০০১ চনত থিয়েটাৰ এৰ সম্মান পদক, * ২০০১ চনত বিশ্ব বাঙালী সম্ম‍িলন পুৰস্কাৰ, * ২০০১ চনত [[ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] বৌদ্ধ ছাত্ৰ সংসদৰ সম্মান, * ২০০১ চনত [[বঙ্গবন্ধু]] স্বৰ্ণপদক, * ২০০৩ চনত মাৰ্কেণ্টাইল বেংক পুৰস্কাৰ, * ২০০৪ চনত ৱল্ড পোয়েট্ৰি গোল্ডেন এৱাৰ্ড, * ২০০৫ চনত নাগৰিক নাট্যাঙ্গন সম্মান, * ২০০৬ চনত বিশ্ব নাটক দিবস সম্মান, * বৈশাখী নাট্য গোষ্ঠীৰ গুণীজন সম্মান, * ভাৰতৰ টেগোৰ পীচ এৱাৰ্ড, * ২০১০ চনত [[গীতাঞ্জলি]] সম্মাননা পদক লাভ কৰেন।<ref>{{cite web |title=দৈনিক সমকাল |url=http://www.samakal.com.bd/details.php?news=23&view=archiev&y=2010&m=02&d=09&action=main&menu_type=&option=single&news_id=46014&pub_no=244&type= |date=১ ডিসেম্বৰ ২০১১ |আৰ্কাইভেৰ-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808050215/http://www.samakal.com.bd/details.php?news=23&view=archiev&y=2010&m=02&d=09&action=main&menu_type=&option=single&news_id=46014&pub_no=244&type= |archive-date=৮ আগষ্ট ২০১৪ |url-অৱশ্থা=অকাৰ্যকৰ |access-date=2025-11-17 |archivedate=2014-08-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808050215/http://www.samakal.com.bd/details.php?news=23&view=archiev&y=2010&m=02&d=09&action=main&menu_type=&option=single&news_id=46014&pub_no=244&type= |deadurl=yes }}</ref> {{div col end}} ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== [[শ্ৰেণী:বঙালী ব্যক্তি]] ro1o09bpg9qe54lmiallxkkcgf62m6f 0 128433 646148 560670 2026-10-19T21:46:34Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:দেশ]]; added [[Category:উল্ল]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিক | common_name = ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিক | native_name = ''República Dominicana'' | image_flag = Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|es|"Dios, Patria, Libertad"|italics=off|nolink=yes}}<br />{{small|"God, Homeland, Freedom"}} | national_anthem = ''[[National Anthem of the Dominican Republic|¡Quisqueyanos Valientes!]]''<br />{{raise|0.2em|{{small|''¡Valiant Quisqueyans!''&nbsp;}}{{lower|0.2em|<!--end lower:-->}}<!--end raise:-->}}<br />[[File:Dominican Republic National Anthem.ogg]] | image_map = Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 = Dominican Republic - Location Map (2013) - DOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[ছান্টো ডমিংগো]] | coordinates = {{Coord|19|00|N|70|40|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Dominican Spanish|Spanish]] | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist | 50% [[Mulatto]] | 40% [[Black people|Black]] | 10% [[White people|White]] }} | demonym = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ জনসাধাৰণ|ডমিনিকান]]<br>Quisqueyan (colloquial)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&dq=Quisqueyanos+dominican&pg=PA239|title=Historical Dictionary of the Dominican Republic|first=Eric Paul|last=Roorda|date=April 28, 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780810879065|via=Google Books}}</ref> | government_type = [[একক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ|ইউনিটাৰী]] [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি ব্যৱস্থা|ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি]] [[গণৰাজ্য]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html|title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Dominican Republic|last=|first=|website=|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA)|accessdate=June 4, 2007|archive-date=February 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213101305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=February 13, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213101305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি|ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি]] | leader_name1 = [[লুইচ এবিনাডাৰ]] | leader_title2 = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ উপ-ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিৰ তালিকা|উপৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি]] | leader_name2 = [[ৰাকুৱেল পেনা]] | legislature = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ কংগ্ৰেছ|কংগ্ৰেছ]] | upper_house = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ চেনেট|চিনেট]] | lower_house = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ ডেপুটি চেম্বাৰ|ডেপুটি চেম্বাৰ]] | sovereignty_type = [[স্বাধীনতা]] | established_event1 = [[হাইটি]] ৰ পৰা। | established_date1 = ১৮৫৬ চনৰ ২৪ জানুৱাৰী<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626100357/http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html |archivedate=2015-06-26 |title=Embassy of the Dominican Republic, in the United States |accessdate=February 27, 2009}}</ref> | established_event2 = [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰ পৰা। | established_date2 = ১৯২৪ চনৰ ১২ জুলাই^b | established_event3 = [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰ পৰা। | established_date3 = ২৮ নৱেম্বৰ, ১৯৬৬<ref>{{cite book |title=Historia de la República Dominicana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wor3UqsHkToC&q=Espa%C3%B1a |publisher=Ediciones Doce Calles, S.L. |year=2010 |isbn=978-84-00-09240-5 |accessdate=1 July 2013 |page=409|ref=En este ambiente de agravios, la revolución para restaurar la República estalló el 16 de agosto de 1863 en un poblado de la frontera norte con Haití y recibió amplio apoyo en toda la región del Cibao, como era conocida el norte del país, desafecto a Santana por muchas razones. Campesinos y comerciantes tenían sobrados motivos para aborrecerlo y España no había cumplido con las expectativas soñadas por los dominicanos. En poco No, el país se dividió en dos: los españoles sostenían las regiones sur y este con Santo Domingo de capital, y todo el norte defendía la restauración, con Santiago a la cabeza.}}</ref> | established_event6 = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ সংবিধান|বৰ্তমানৰ সংবিধান]] | established_date6 = ২৮ নৱেম্বৰ, ১৯৬৬ | area_km2 = ৪৮,৩১৫ | area_rank = ১২৮ নং স্থান | area_sq_mi = <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = ০.৭ | population_estimate = {{increase}} ৭,২৯৩,৩৯০ হাব | population_census = | population_estimate_year = | population_estimate_rank = | population_census_year = | population_density_km2 = ২২৮ | population_density_sq_mi = ৫০১.৫ <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = ১৮৬.৯৮৩ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰ<ref>{{cite web |title=Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2019&ssm=1&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=32&pr1.y=5&c=243&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPPPEX&grp=0&a= |author=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=12 July 2018}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = ২০১৮ | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = ১৮,১৬৪ ডলাৰ | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = ৮১.৬৫৩ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰ | GDP_nominal_year = ২০১৮ | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = ৭,৯৩২ ডলাৰ | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = ৪৪.৯ <!--number only--> | Gini_year = ২০১৫ চন | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=DO |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |accessdate= 12 December 2017}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.691 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015 <!--Please use the year in which the HDI data refers to and not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2016 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |accessdate= March 21, 2017}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 99th | currency = [[Dominican peso|Peso]] | currency_code = DOP | time_zone = Standard Time Caribbean | utc_offset = &nbsp; – 4:00 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic|+1-809, +1-829, +1-849]] | cctld = [[.do]] | footnote_a = Race was dropped from the census after 1960. | footnote_b = Haiti did not recognize the Dominican Republic until 1874.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.mirex.gov.do/librobiblioteca/conveniosytratados/convenio%20haiti.pdf|title=Convenios bilaterales entre la República Dominicana y Haití|trans-title=Bilateral arrangements between the Dominican Republic and Haiti|language=es|date=August 2000|publisher=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República Dominicana|pages=15–17|accessdate=October 22, 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022215422/http://www.mirex.gov.do/librobiblioteca/conveniosytratados/convenio%20haiti.pdf|archivedate=October 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Varios autores |title=Ruptura y reconciliación. España y el reconocimiento de las independencias latinoamericanas |trans-title=Rupture and reconciliation. Spain and the recognition of Latin American independence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSZ8GmwdhsC&pg=PT206|date=2012|publisher=Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial España |language=es |isbn=978-84-306-0257-5 |pages=30, 206}}</ref> | footnotes = Sources for area, capital, coat of arms, coordinates, flag, language, motto and names:&nbsp;<big>{{lower|0.4em|}}</big><br />For an alternate area figure of 48,730 km², calling code 809 and Internet TLD:&nbsp;<big>{{lower|0.4em|}}</big> | country_code = | today = }} '''ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিক''' (স্পেনিছ: ''República Dominicana'') হৈছে [[কেৰিবিয়ান]] হিস্পানিঅ'লা দ্বীপৰ এখন দেশ; দ্বীপটোৰ আনখন দেশ হৈছে হাইটি। ইয়াৰ ৰাজধানী, আৰু আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ চহৰখন হৈছে [[চেণ্টো ডমিংগো]]।<ref>{{cite book| last = Parry| first = J.H. |author2= Sherlock, Philip| title = Historia de las Antillas| publisher = Editorial Kapelusz| date = 1976| location = Buenos Aires| pages = 9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | work=EveryCulture |title=Dominican Republic |url=http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Dominican-Republic.html| accessdate=January 21, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Leonel Fernandez President of the Republic|url=http://www.la-republique-dominicaine.org/Dominican-Republic-Leonel-Fernandez-President-of-the-Republic.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118105246/http://www.la-republique-dominicaine.org/Dominican-Republic-Leonel-Fernandez-President-of-the-Republic.html|archive-date=November 18, 2006|accessdate=January 21, 2010|work=la République dominicaine|archivedate=November 18, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118105246/http://www.la-republique-dominicaine.org/Dominican-Republic-Leonel-Fernandez-President-of-the-Republic.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:উল্ল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভূগোল]] fcrg8sneecxeg4qf4lnqdu181bc79q7 646149 646148 2026-10-19T21:46:59Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:উল্ল]]; added [[Category:উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ দেশ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিক | common_name = ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিক | native_name = ''República Dominicana'' | image_flag = Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|es|"Dios, Patria, Libertad"|italics=off|nolink=yes}}<br />{{small|"God, Homeland, Freedom"}} | national_anthem = ''[[National Anthem of the Dominican Republic|¡Quisqueyanos Valientes!]]''<br />{{raise|0.2em|{{small|''¡Valiant Quisqueyans!''&nbsp;}}{{lower|0.2em|<!--end lower:-->}}<!--end raise:-->}}<br />[[File:Dominican Republic National Anthem.ogg]] | image_map = Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 = Dominican Republic - Location Map (2013) - DOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[ছান্টো ডমিংগো]] | coordinates = {{Coord|19|00|N|70|40|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Dominican Spanish|Spanish]] | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist | 50% [[Mulatto]] | 40% [[Black people|Black]] | 10% [[White people|White]] }} | demonym = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ জনসাধাৰণ|ডমিনিকান]]<br>Quisqueyan (colloquial)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&dq=Quisqueyanos+dominican&pg=PA239|title=Historical Dictionary of the Dominican Republic|first=Eric Paul|last=Roorda|date=April 28, 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780810879065|via=Google Books}}</ref> | government_type = [[একক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ|ইউনিটাৰী]] [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি ব্যৱস্থা|ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি]] [[গণৰাজ্য]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html|title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Dominican Republic|last=|first=|website=|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA)|accessdate=June 4, 2007|archive-date=February 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213101305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=February 13, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213101305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি|ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি]] | leader_name1 = [[লুইচ এবিনাডাৰ]] | leader_title2 = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ উপ-ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিৰ তালিকা|উপৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি]] | leader_name2 = [[ৰাকুৱেল পেনা]] | legislature = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ কংগ্ৰেছ|কংগ্ৰেছ]] | upper_house = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ চেনেট|চিনেট]] | lower_house = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ ডেপুটি চেম্বাৰ|ডেপুটি চেম্বাৰ]] | sovereignty_type = [[স্বাধীনতা]] | established_event1 = [[হাইটি]] ৰ পৰা। | established_date1 = ১৮৫৬ চনৰ ২৪ জানুৱাৰী<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626100357/http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html |archivedate=2015-06-26 |title=Embassy of the Dominican Republic, in the United States |accessdate=February 27, 2009}}</ref> | established_event2 = [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰ পৰা। | established_date2 = ১৯২৪ চনৰ ১২ জুলাই^b | established_event3 = [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰ পৰা। | established_date3 = ২৮ নৱেম্বৰ, ১৯৬৬<ref>{{cite book |title=Historia de la República Dominicana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wor3UqsHkToC&q=Espa%C3%B1a |publisher=Ediciones Doce Calles, S.L. |year=2010 |isbn=978-84-00-09240-5 |accessdate=1 July 2013 |page=409|ref=En este ambiente de agravios, la revolución para restaurar la República estalló el 16 de agosto de 1863 en un poblado de la frontera norte con Haití y recibió amplio apoyo en toda la región del Cibao, como era conocida el norte del país, desafecto a Santana por muchas razones. Campesinos y comerciantes tenían sobrados motivos para aborrecerlo y España no había cumplido con las expectativas soñadas por los dominicanos. En poco No, el país se dividió en dos: los españoles sostenían las regiones sur y este con Santo Domingo de capital, y todo el norte defendía la restauración, con Santiago a la cabeza.}}</ref> | established_event6 = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ সংবিধান|বৰ্তমানৰ সংবিধান]] | established_date6 = ২৮ নৱেম্বৰ, ১৯৬৬ | area_km2 = ৪৮,৩১৫ | area_rank = ১২৮ নং স্থান | area_sq_mi = <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = ০.৭ | population_estimate = {{increase}} ৭,২৯৩,৩৯০ হাব | population_census = | population_estimate_year = | population_estimate_rank = | population_census_year = | population_density_km2 = ২২৮ | population_density_sq_mi = ৫০১.৫ <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = ১৮৬.৯৮৩ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰ<ref>{{cite web |title=Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2019&ssm=1&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=32&pr1.y=5&c=243&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPPPEX&grp=0&a= |author=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=12 July 2018}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = ২০১৮ | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = ১৮,১৬৪ ডলাৰ | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = ৮১.৬৫৩ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰ | GDP_nominal_year = ২০১৮ | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = ৭,৯৩২ ডলাৰ | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = ৪৪.৯ <!--number only--> | Gini_year = ২০১৫ চন | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=DO |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |accessdate= 12 December 2017}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.691 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015 <!--Please use the year in which the HDI data refers to and not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2016 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |accessdate= March 21, 2017}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 99th | currency = [[Dominican peso|Peso]] | currency_code = DOP | time_zone = Standard Time Caribbean | utc_offset = &nbsp; – 4:00 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic|+1-809, +1-829, +1-849]] | cctld = [[.do]] | footnote_a = Race was dropped from the census after 1960. | footnote_b = Haiti did not recognize the Dominican Republic until 1874.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.mirex.gov.do/librobiblioteca/conveniosytratados/convenio%20haiti.pdf|title=Convenios bilaterales entre la República Dominicana y Haití|trans-title=Bilateral arrangements between the Dominican Republic and Haiti|language=es|date=August 2000|publisher=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República Dominicana|pages=15–17|accessdate=October 22, 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022215422/http://www.mirex.gov.do/librobiblioteca/conveniosytratados/convenio%20haiti.pdf|archivedate=October 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Varios autores |title=Ruptura y reconciliación. España y el reconocimiento de las independencias latinoamericanas |trans-title=Rupture and reconciliation. Spain and the recognition of Latin American independence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSZ8GmwdhsC&pg=PT206|date=2012|publisher=Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial España |language=es |isbn=978-84-306-0257-5 |pages=30, 206}}</ref> | footnotes = Sources for area, capital, coat of arms, coordinates, flag, language, motto and names:&nbsp;<big>{{lower|0.4em|}}</big><br />For an alternate area figure of 48,730 km², calling code 809 and Internet TLD:&nbsp;<big>{{lower|0.4em|}}</big> | country_code = | today = }} '''ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিক''' (স্পেনিছ: ''República Dominicana'') হৈছে [[কেৰিবিয়ান]] হিস্পানিঅ'লা দ্বীপৰ এখন দেশ; দ্বীপটোৰ আনখন দেশ হৈছে হাইটি। ইয়াৰ ৰাজধানী, আৰু আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ চহৰখন হৈছে [[চেণ্টো ডমিংগো]]।<ref>{{cite book| last = Parry| first = J.H. |author2= Sherlock, Philip| title = Historia de las Antillas| publisher = Editorial Kapelusz| date = 1976| location = Buenos Aires| pages = 9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | work=EveryCulture |title=Dominican Republic |url=http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Dominican-Republic.html| accessdate=January 21, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Leonel Fernandez President of the Republic|url=http://www.la-republique-dominicaine.org/Dominican-Republic-Leonel-Fernandez-President-of-the-Republic.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118105246/http://www.la-republique-dominicaine.org/Dominican-Republic-Leonel-Fernandez-President-of-the-Republic.html|archive-date=November 18, 2006|accessdate=January 21, 2010|work=la République dominicaine|archivedate=November 18, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118105246/http://www.la-republique-dominicaine.org/Dominican-Republic-Leonel-Fernandez-President-of-the-Republic.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ দেশ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভূগোল]] 29v8ijn1ocaaq61dcm2nb4stsj47pjl 646150 646149 2026-10-19T21:47:25Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 646150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{পোখালি}}{{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিক | common_name = ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিক | native_name = ''República Dominicana'' | image_flag = Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg | national_motto = {{native phrase|es|"Dios, Patria, Libertad"|italics=off|nolink=yes}}<br />{{small|"God, Homeland, Freedom"}} | national_anthem = ''[[National Anthem of the Dominican Republic|¡Quisqueyanos Valientes!]]''<br />{{raise|0.2em|{{small|''¡Valiant Quisqueyans!''&nbsp;}}{{lower|0.2em|<!--end lower:-->}}<!--end raise:-->}}<br />[[File:Dominican Republic National Anthem.ogg]] | image_map = Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 = Dominican Republic - Location Map (2013) - DOM - UNOCHA.svg | capital = [[ছান্টো ডমিংগো]] | coordinates = {{Coord|19|00|N|70|40|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Dominican Spanish|Spanish]] | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist | 50% [[Mulatto]] | 40% [[Black people|Black]] | 10% [[White people|White]] }} | demonym = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ জনসাধাৰণ|ডমিনিকান]]<br>Quisqueyan (colloquial)<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AozPCwAAQBAJ&dq=Quisqueyanos+dominican&pg=PA239|title=Historical Dictionary of the Dominican Republic|first=Eric Paul|last=Roorda|date=April 28, 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=9780810879065|via=Google Books}}</ref> | government_type = [[একক ৰাষ্ট্ৰ|ইউনিটাৰী]] [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি ব্যৱস্থা|ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি]] [[গণৰাজ্য]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html|title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Dominican Republic|last=|first=|website=|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA)|accessdate=June 4, 2007|archive-date=February 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213101305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=February 13, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213101305/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি|ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি]] | leader_name1 = [[লুইচ এবিনাডাৰ]] | leader_title2 = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ উপ-ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতিৰ তালিকা|উপৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি]] | leader_name2 = [[ৰাকুৱেল পেনা]] | legislature = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ কংগ্ৰেছ|কংগ্ৰেছ]] | upper_house = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ চেনেট|চিনেট]] | lower_house = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ ডেপুটি চেম্বাৰ|ডেপুটি চেম্বাৰ]] | sovereignty_type = [[স্বাধীনতা]] | established_event1 = [[হাইটি]] ৰ পৰা। | established_date1 = ১৮৫৬ চনৰ ২৪ জানুৱাৰী<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626100357/http://www.domrep.org/gen_info.html |archivedate=2015-06-26 |title=Embassy of the Dominican Republic, in the United States |accessdate=February 27, 2009}}</ref> | established_event2 = [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰ পৰা। | established_date2 = ১৯২৪ চনৰ ১২ জুলাই^b | established_event3 = [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] ৰ পৰা। | established_date3 = ২৮ নৱেম্বৰ, ১৯৬৬<ref>{{cite book |title=Historia de la República Dominicana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wor3UqsHkToC&q=Espa%C3%B1a |publisher=Ediciones Doce Calles, S.L. |year=2010 |isbn=978-84-00-09240-5 |accessdate=1 July 2013 |page=409|ref=En este ambiente de agravios, la revolución para restaurar la República estalló el 16 de agosto de 1863 en un poblado de la frontera norte con Haití y recibió amplio apoyo en toda la región del Cibao, como era conocida el norte del país, desafecto a Santana por muchas razones. Campesinos y comerciantes tenían sobrados motivos para aborrecerlo y España no había cumplido con las expectativas soñadas por los dominicanos. En poco No, el país se dividió en dos: los españoles sostenían las regiones sur y este con Santo Domingo de capital, y todo el norte defendía la restauración, con Santiago a la cabeza.}}</ref> | established_event6 = [[ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিকৰ সংবিধান|বৰ্তমানৰ সংবিধান]] | established_date6 = ২৮ নৱেম্বৰ, ১৯৬৬ | area_km2 = ৪৮,৩১৫ | area_rank = ১২৮ নং স্থান | area_sq_mi = <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = ০.৭ | population_estimate = {{increase}} ৭,২৯৩,৩৯০ হাব | population_census = | population_estimate_year = | population_estimate_rank = | population_census_year = | population_density_km2 = ২২৮ | population_density_sq_mi = ৫০১.৫ <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = ১৮৬.৯৮৩ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰ<ref>{{cite web |title=Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2017&ey=2019&ssm=1&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=32&pr1.y=5&c=243&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CPPPEX&grp=0&a= |author=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=12 July 2018}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = ২০১৮ | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = ১৮,১৬৪ ডলাৰ | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = ৮১.৬৫৩ বিলিয়ন ডলাৰ | GDP_nominal_year = ২০১৮ | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = ৭,৯৩২ ডলাৰ | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = ৪৪.৯ <!--number only--> | Gini_year = ২০১৫ চন | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=DO |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |accessdate= 12 December 2017}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.691 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2015 <!--Please use the year in which the HDI data refers to and not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2016 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |accessdate= March 21, 2017}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 99th | currency = [[Dominican peso|Peso]] | currency_code = DOP | time_zone = Standard Time Caribbean | utc_offset = &nbsp; – 4:00 | utc_offset_DST = | time_zone_DST = | drives_on = Right | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in the Dominican Republic|+1-809, +1-829, +1-849]] | cctld = [[.do]] | footnote_a = Race was dropped from the census after 1960. | footnote_b = Haiti did not recognize the Dominican Republic until 1874.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.mirex.gov.do/librobiblioteca/conveniosytratados/convenio%20haiti.pdf|title=Convenios bilaterales entre la República Dominicana y Haití|trans-title=Bilateral arrangements between the Dominican Republic and Haiti|language=es|date=August 2000|publisher=Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República Dominicana|pages=15–17|accessdate=October 22, 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022215422/http://www.mirex.gov.do/librobiblioteca/conveniosytratados/convenio%20haiti.pdf|archivedate=October 22, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author= Varios autores |title=Ruptura y reconciliación. España y el reconocimiento de las independencias latinoamericanas |trans-title=Rupture and reconciliation. Spain and the recognition of Latin American independence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uzSZ8GmwdhsC&pg=PT206|date=2012|publisher=Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial España |language=es |isbn=978-84-306-0257-5 |pages=30, 206}}</ref> | footnotes = Sources for area, capital, coat of arms, coordinates, flag, language, motto and names:&nbsp;<big>{{lower|0.4em|}}</big><br />For an alternate area figure of 48,730 km², calling code 809 and Internet TLD:&nbsp;<big>{{lower|0.4em|}}</big> | country_code = | today = }} '''ডমিনিকান ৰিপাব্লিক''' (স্পেনিছ: ''República Dominicana'') হৈছে [[কেৰিবিয়ান]] হিস্পানিঅ'লা দ্বীপৰ এখন দেশ; দ্বীপটোৰ আনখন দেশ হৈছে হাইটি। ইয়াৰ ৰাজধানী, আৰু আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ চহৰখন হৈছে [[চেণ্টো ডমিংগো]]।<ref>{{cite book| last = Parry| first = J.H. |author2= Sherlock, Philip| title = Historia de las Antillas| publisher = Editorial Kapelusz| date = 1976| location = Buenos Aires| pages = 9 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | work=EveryCulture |title=Dominican Republic |url=http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Dominican-Republic.html| accessdate=January 21, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Leonel Fernandez President of the Republic|url=http://www.la-republique-dominicaine.org/Dominican-Republic-Leonel-Fernandez-President-of-the-Republic.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118105246/http://www.la-republique-dominicaine.org/Dominican-Republic-Leonel-Fernandez-President-of-the-Republic.html|archive-date=November 18, 2006|accessdate=January 21, 2010|work=la République dominicaine|archivedate=November 18, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061118105246/http://www.la-republique-dominicaine.org/Dominican-Republic-Leonel-Fernandez-President-of-the-Republic.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ দেশ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভূগোল]] njo3qtdgz4jgr2gp4x39kn1ihczdkut 0 128999 646182 637148 2026-10-20T03:48:32Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Under construction}} {{multiple image |width = 300 | direction = vertical |image1 = Change in Average Temperature With Fahrenheit.svg |alt1 = The global map shows sea temperature rises of 0.5 to 1 degree Celsius; land temperature rises of 1 to 2 degrees Celsius; and Arctic temperature rises of up to 4 degrees Celsius. |caption1=বিগত ৫০ বছৰত পৃষ্ঠৰ বায়ুৰ উষ্ণতাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তন।<ref>{{Cite web |title=GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (v4) |url=https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |website=NASA}}</ref> উত্তৰ মেৰু অঞ্চলত আটাইতকৈ বেছি উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধি পাইছে আৰু সাধাৰণতে স্থলভাগৰ উষ্ণতা সাগৰৰ পৃষ্ঠৰ উষ্ণতাতকৈ অধিক বৃদ্ধি পাইছে। |image2 = Global Temperature And Forces With Fahrenheit.svg |alt2 = Timeseries of global warming from 1880 to 2020 compared to simulated temperatures given only natural forcing. The first shows a positive trend since around 1950 and the second stays relatively flat. |caption2 = ঔদ্যোগিক বিপ্লৱৰ পিছত পৃথিৱীৰ গড় পৃষ্ঠ বায়ুৰ উষ্ণতা প্ৰায় ১.৫ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছ (প্ৰায় ২.৫ ডিগ্ৰী ফাৰেনহাইট) বৃদ্ধি পাইছে। প্ৰাকৃতিক শক্তিয়ে কিছু পৰিৱৰ্তনশীলতা সৃষ্টি কৰে যদিও ২০ বছৰৰ গড়ে মানুহৰ কাৰ্যকলাপৰ প্ৰগতিশীল প্ৰভাৱ দেখুৱাইছে।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021|loc=SPM-7}}</ref> }} <!--Please do not change the content in the lead section without first proposing the change on the talk page, and please limit overall length to under 500 words.--> বৰ্তমান সময়ত '''জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন''' ({{Lang-en|Climate change}})ৰ ভিতৰত '''গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধি''' ({{Lang-en|Global warming}})—গোলকীয় গড় উষ্ণতা ক্ৰমাগত বৃদ্ধি—আৰু পৃথিৱীৰ জলবায়ু তন্ত্ৰত ইয়াৰ বহল প্ৰভাৱ দুয়োটাই অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। বহল অৰ্থত জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ ভিতৰত পৃথিৱীৰ [[জলবায়ু]]ৰ পূৰ্বৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী পৰিৱৰ্তনসমূহো অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। আধুনিক যুগৰ বিশ্বৰ উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিৰ কাৰণ হৈছে মানুহৰ কাৰ্যকলাপ, বিশেষকৈ [[শিল্প বিপ্লৱ]]ৰ পিছৰ পৰা [[জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধন]] ([[কয়লা]], তেল আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক গেছ)ৰ দহন।<ref>{{harvnb|Forster|Smith|Walsh|Lamb|2024|p=2626}}: "The indicators show that, for the 2014–2023 decade average, observed warming was 1.19 [1.06 to 1.30] °C, of which 1.19 [1.0 to 1.4] °C was human-induced."</ref><ref name=Lynas_2021>{{cite journal |last1=Lynas |first1=Mark |author2-link=Benjamin Z. Houlton |last2=Houlton |first2=Benjamin Z. |last3=Perry |first3=Simon |title=Greater than 99% consensus on human caused climate change in the peer-reviewed scientific literature |journal=[[Environmental Research Letters]] |date=19 October 2021 |volume=16 |issue=11 |page=114005 |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac2966 |bibcode=2021ERL....16k4005L |s2cid=239032360 |doi-access=free |issn = 1748-9326}}</ref> জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধনৰ ব্যৱহাৰ, [[বনাঞ্চল ধ্বংস আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন|বনাঞ্চল ধ্বংস]], আৰু কিছুমান কৃষি আৰু ঔদ্যোগিক পদ্ধতিৰ দ্বাৰা সেউজ গৃহ গেছ নিৰ্গত হয়।<ref name="Our World in Data-2020">{{harvnb|Our World in Data, 18 September|2020}}</ref> এই গেছবোৰে সূৰ্যৰ পোহৰৰ পৰা পৃথিৱীয়ে উষ্ণ হোৱাৰ পিছত বিকিৰণ কৰা [[সেউজ গৃহ প্ৰভাৱ|তাপৰ কিছু অংশ শোষণ]] কৰি নিম্ন বায়ুমণ্ডল উষ্ণ কৰি তোলে। গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিৰ প্ৰধান কাৰক [[কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইড]] গেছৰ ঘনত্ব প্ৰাক-ঔদ্যোগিক যুগৰ পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০% বৃদ্ধি পাই লাখ লাখ বছৰ ধৰি দেখা নোপোৱা মাত্ৰাত উপনীত হৈছে।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=67}}: "Concentrations of {{CO2}}, methane ({{CH4}}), and nitrous oxide ({{N2O}}) have increased to levels unprecedented in at least 800,000 years, and there is high confidence that current {{CO2}} concentrations have not been experienced for at least 2 million years."</ref> জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনে পৰিৱেশৰ ওপৰত ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বৃহৎ প্ৰভাৱ পেলায়। মৰুভূমিৰ প্ৰসাৰ ঘটিছে, আনহাতে তাপ প্ৰবাহ আৰু বনজুই অধিক সাধাৰণ হৈ পৰিছে।<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019|p=7}}: "Since the pre-industrial period, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature (high confidence). Climate change... contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions (high confidence)." * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=9}}: "Observed increases in areas burned by wildfires have been attributed to human-induced climate change in some regions (medium to high confidence)"</ref> আৰ্কটিকত বৃদ্ধি পোৱা উষ্ণতাই পাৰ্মাফ্ৰষ্ট গলি যোৱা, হিমবাহৰ পিছুৱাই যোৱা আৰু সাগৰীয় বৰফৰ হ্ৰাসত অৰিহণা যোগাইছে।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019|p=16}}: "Over the last decades, global warming has led to widespread shrinking of the cryosphere, with mass loss from ice sheets and glaciers (very high confidence), reductions in snow cover (high confidence) and Arctic sea ice extent and thickness (very high confidence), and increased permafrost temperature (very high confidence)."</ref> অধিক উষ্ণতাৰ বাবেও অধিক তীব্ৰ ধুমুহা, খৰাং আৰু অন্যান্য বতৰৰ চৰম পৰিস্থিতিৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে।<ref>{{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch11|2021|p=1517}}</ref> পৰ্বত, প্ৰবাল প্ৰাচীৰ আৰু উত্তৰ মেৰু অঞ্চলৰ দ্ৰুত পৰিৱেশ পৰিৱৰ্তনে বহু প্ৰজাতি স্থানান্তৰিত হ’বলৈ বা বিলুপ্ত হ’বলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছে।<ref>{{cite web|author=EPA|date=19 January 2017|title=Climate Impacts on Ecosystems|url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127185656/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html#Extinction|archive-date=27 January 2018|access-date=5 February 2019|quote=Mountain and arctic ecosystems and species are particularly sensitive to climate change... As ocean temperatures warm and the acidity of the ocean increases, bleaching and coral die-offs are likely to become more frequent.}}</ref> ভৱিষ্যতে উষ্ণতা কম কৰাৰ প্ৰচেষ্টা সফল হ’লেও কিছুমান প্ৰভাৱ শতিকাজুৰি চলি থাকিব। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত সাগৰৰ উত্তাপ, সাগৰৰ অম্লীয়কৰণ আৰু সাগৰৰ জলপৃষ্ঠ বৃদ্ধি।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018|p=64}}: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of {{CO2}} and declining net anthropogenic non-{{CO2}} radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."</ref> জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনে মানুহক বানপানী বৃদ্ধি, অতি উত্তাপ, খাদ্য আৰু পানীৰ অভাৱ বৃদ্ধি, অধিক ৰোগ আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক ক্ষতিৰ ভাবুকি কঢ়িয়াই আনিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Consequences of climate change |url=https://climate.ec.europa.eu/climate-change/consequences-climate-change_en |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=climate.ec.europa.eu |publisher=European Commission |language=en}}</ref> মানৱ প্ৰব্ৰজন আৰু সংঘৰ্ষও ইয়াৰ পৰিণতি হʼব পাৰে।<ref> *{{harvnb|Cattaneo|Beine|Fröhlich|Kniveton|2019}} *{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=15}} *{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022|p=53}}</ref> [[বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা]]ই জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনক একবিংশ শতিকাৰ বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্যৰ বাবে অন্যতম বৃহৎ ভাবুকি বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছে।<ref name="WHO_Nov_2023">{{harvnb|WHO, Nov|2023}}</ref> উষ্ণতা সীমিত কৰাৰ কোনো ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ নকৰাকৈ সমাজ আৰু পৰিৱেশ তন্ত্ৰই অধিক ভয়াৱহ বিপদৰ সন্মুখীন হ’ব।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|p=19}}</ref> বান নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ ব্যৱস্থা বা খৰাং প্ৰতিৰোধী শস্যৰ দৰে প্ৰচেষ্টাৰ জৰিয়তে জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ লগত খাপ খুৱাই লোৱাটোৱে জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ আশংকা আংশিকভাৱে হ্ৰাস কৰে যদিও ইতিমধ্যে অভিযোজনৰ কিছু সীমাত উপনীত হৈছে।<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022|pp=21–26}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022|p=2504}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 SYR SPM|2023|pp=8–9}}: "Effectiveness¹⁵ of adaptation in reducing climate risks¹⁶ is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence) ... Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."</ref> বিশ্বৰ নিৰ্গমনৰ সামান্য অংশৰ বাবে দৰিদ্ৰ সম্প্ৰদায়সমূহ দায়ী, তথাপিও তেওঁলোকৰ খাপ খুৱাব পৰা ক্ষমতা কম আৰু জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ প্ৰতি অতি দুৰ্বল।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tietjen |first1=Bethany |title=Loss and damage: Who is responsible when climate change harms the world's poorest countries? |url=https://theconversation.com/loss-and-damage-who-is-responsible-when-climate-change-harms-the-worlds-poorest-countries-192070 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=2 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-ii/ |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]] |access-date=30 August 2023 |date=27 February 2022}}</ref> <noinclude>{{multiple image | perrow = 1 / 2 | total_width = 300 | image1 = Bobcat Fire, Los Angeles, San Gabriel Mountains.jpg | alt1 = Bobcat Fire in Monrovia, CA, September 10, 2020 | image2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral.jpg | alt2 = Bleached colony of Acropora coral | image4 = California Drought Dry Lakebed 2009.jpg | alt4 = A dry lakebed in California, which is experiencing its worst megadrought in 1,200 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/water-cutbacks-california-6-million-people-drought/ |title=California is rationing water amid its worst drought in 1,200 years |first=Irina |last=Ivanova |publisher=[[CBS News]] |date=June 2, 2022}}</ref> | footer = জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ কিছুমান প্ৰভাৱৰ উদাহৰণ: তাপ আৰু খৰাঙৰ ফলত বনজুই তীব্ৰতৰ হৈ পৰে, সাগৰীয় গৰমৰ ঢৌৰ বাবে প্ৰবালৰ ব্লিচিং অধিক সঘনাই হোৱা আৰু খৰাং পৰিস্থিতিৰ অৱনতি ঘটি পানী যোগানত আপোচ কৰা। }} </noinclude> একবিংশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথম দশকবোৰত জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ বহুতো প্ৰভাৱ দেখা গৈছে, ১৮৫০ চনত নিয়মীয়া অনুসৰণ আৰম্ভ হোৱাৰ পিছত ২০২৪ চনত +১.৬০ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছ (২.৮৮ ডিগ্ৰী ফাৰেনহাইট)ত সৰ্বাধিক উষ্ণতা দেখা গৈছে।<ref>{{cite web|title=2024 – a second record-breaking year, following the exceptional 2023|url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/global-climate-highlights-2024#543aa52e-a01b-45e0-adfc-c610e4ac93a5|website=[[Copernicus Programme]]|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Carrington|first=Damian|title=Hottest year on record sent planet past 1.5C of heating for first time in 2024|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/jan/10/world-temperature-in-2024-exceeded-15c-for-first-time|website=The Guardian|date=10 January 2025|access-date=10 January 2025}}</ref> অতিৰিক্ত উষ্ণতাই এই প্ৰভাৱ বৃদ্ধি কৰিব আৰু টিপিং পইণ্টৰ সূচনা কৰিব পাৰে, যেনে গ্ৰীনলেণ্ডৰ সকলো বৰফৰ তৰপ গলি যোৱা।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021|p=71}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ পেৰিছ চুক্তিৰ অধীনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসমূহে সামূহিকভাৱে উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধি কৰি ৰাখিবলৈ সন্মত হয় "২ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছৰ বহু তলত"। কিন্তু চুক্তিখনৰ অধীনত দিয়া প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতিৰ ফলত শতিকাৰ শেষলৈকে গোলকীয় উষ্ণতা বৃদ্ধিয়ে প্ৰায় ২.৮ ডিগ্ৰী চেলছিয়াছ (৫.০ ডিগ্ৰী ফাৰেনহাইট) পৰ্যন্ত হ’ব।<ref name="UNEP2024">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XVIII}}: "The full implementation and continuation of the level of mitigation effort implied by unconditional or conditional NDC scenarios lower these projections to 2.8&nbsp;°C (range: 1.9–3.7) and 2.6&nbsp;°C (range: 1.9–3.6), respectively. All with at least a 66 per cent chance."</ref> জলবায়ু সম্পৰ্কীয় ব্যৱস্থাৰ প্ৰতি বিশ্বজুৰি ব্যাপক সমৰ্থন আছে,<ref name=Damian/><ref name=Peter/> আৰু বেছিভাগ দেশেই কাৰ্বন ডাই অক্সাইড নিৰ্গমন বন্ধ কৰাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছে।<ref name="UNEP20242">{{harvnb|United Nations Environment Programme|2024|p=XV}}: "As at 1 June 2024, 101 parties representing 107 countries and covering approximately 82 per cent of global GHG emissions had adopted net-zero pledges either in law (28 parties), in a policy document such as an NDC or a long-term strategy (56 parties), or in an announcement by a high-level government official (17 parties)."</ref> জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধনক ৰাজসাহায্য দিয়া বন্ধ কৰি, শক্তি সংৰক্ষণ কৰি আৰু বিশেষ কাৰ্বন প্ৰদূষণ উৎপন্ন নকৰা শক্তিৰ উৎসলৈ সলনি কৰি পৰ্যায়ক্ৰমে বন্ধ কৰিব পাৰি। এই শক্তিৰ উৎসসমূহৰ ভিতৰত [[বতাহ শক্তি|বতাহ]], [[সৌৰ শক্তি|সৌৰ]], জল আৰু [[পাৰমাণৱিক শক্তি]] আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014|p=1335}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=89}}</ref> পৰিষ্কাৰভাৱে উৎপাদিত বিদ্যুতে পৰিবহণ, অট্টালিকা গৰম কৰা আৰু ঔদ্যোগিক প্ৰক্ৰিয়া চলোৱাৰ বাবে জীৱাশ্ম ইন্ধনৰ ঠাই লʼব পাৰে।<ref>{{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=84}}: "Stringent emissions reductions at the level required for 2°C or 1.5°C are achieved through the increased electrification of buildings, transport, and industry, consequently all pathways entail increased electricity generation (high confidence)."</ref> বায়ুমণ্ডলৰ পৰাও কাৰ্বন আঁতৰাব পাৰি, উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে বনাঞ্চলৰ আৱৰণ বৃদ্ধি কৰি আৰু মাটিত কাৰ্বন জমা কৰা পদ্ধতিৰে খেতি কৰিব পাৰি।<ref> * {{harvnb|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019|p=18}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Summary for Policymakers|2022|pp=24–25}} * {{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG3 Technical Summary|2022|p=114}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duarte|first1=C.M.|last2=Delgado-Huertas|first2=A.|display-authors=etal|date=17 January 2025|title= Carbon burial in sediments below seaweed farms matches that of Blue Carbon habitats|url= https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02238-1 |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]]|volume=15 |issue=2|pages=180–187|doi=10.1038/s41558-024-02238-1 |bibcode=2025NatCC..15..180D |access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Winfield|first1=E.|last2=Ostoja|first2=S.|title= Climate-Smart Agriculture: Soil Health & Carbon Farming [Factsheet]|url= https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-15874560|website=USDA California Climate Hub|date=2020|access-date=13 August 2025}}</ref> == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == {{reflist|22em}} === উৎস === {{Free-content attribution | title = The status of women in agrifood systems – Overview | author = FAO | publisher = FAO | page numbers = | source = | documentURL = https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5060en | licence statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_status_of_women_in_agrifood_systems_-_Overview.pdf | license = CC BY-SA 3.0 }} ==== IPCC reports ==== {{refbegin}} '''Fourth Assessment Report''' <!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} links to this citation. --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2007 |title=Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis |series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=S. |editor-last1=Solomon |editor-first2=D. |editor-last2=Qin |editor-first3=M. |editor-last3=Manning |editor-first4=Z. |editor-last4=Chen |editor-first5=M. |editor-last5=Marquis |editor-first6=K. B. |editor-last6=Averyt |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Tignor |editor-first8=H. L. |editor-last8=Miller |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html |isbn=978-0-521-88009-1 }} <!-- # --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch1|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 1: Historical Overview of Climate Change Science |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=H. |last1=Le Treut |first2=R. |last2=Somerville |first3=U. |last3=Cubasch |first4=Y. |last4=Ding |first5=C. |last5=Mauritzen |first6=A. |last6=Mokssit |first7=T. |last7=Peterson |first8=M. |last8=Prather |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |pages=93–127 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2025-08-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250828214151/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch8|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 8: Climate Models and their Evaluation |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=D. A. |last1=Randall |first2=R. A. |last2=Wood |first3=S. |last3=Bony |first4=R. |last4=Colman |first5=T. |last5=Fichefet |first6=J. |last6=Fyfe |first7=V. |last7=Kattsov |first8=A. |last8=Pitman |first9=J. |last9=Shukla |first10=J. |last10=Srinivasan |first11=R. J. |last11=Stouffer |first12=A. |last12=Sumi |first13=K. E. |last13=Taylor |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |pages=589–662 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2025-12-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203134326/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter8.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG1 Ch9|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=G. C. |last1=Hegerl |first2=F. W. |last2=Zwiers |first3=P. |last3=Braconnot |author-link3=Pascale Braconnot |first4=N. P. |last4=Gillett |first5=Y. |last5=Luo |first6=J. A. |last6=Marengo Orsini |first7=N. |last7=Nicholls |first8=J. E. |last8=Penner |first9=P. A. |last9=Stott |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}} |pages=663–745 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2020-10-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022060558/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter9.pdf }} <!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} links to this citation. --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2007 |title=Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability |series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=M. L. |editor-last1=Parry |editor-first2=O. F. |editor-last2=Canziani |editor-first3=J. P. |editor-last3=Palutikof |editor-first4=P. J. |editor-last4=van der Linden |editor-first5=C. E. |editor-last5=Hanson |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html |isbn=978-0-521-88010-7 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2018-11-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110071159/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG2 Ch19|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 19: Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter19.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=S. H. |last1=Schneider |first2=S. |last2=Semenov |first3=A. |last3=Patwardhan |first4=I. |last4=Burton |first5=C. H. D. |last5=Magadza |first6=M. |last6=Oppenheimer |first7=A. B. |last7=Pittock |first8=A. |last8=Rahman |first9=J. B. |last9=Smith |first10=A. |last10=Suarez |first11=F. |last11=Yamin |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG2|2007}} |pages=779–810 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2025-11-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251127013735/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg2/ar4-wg2-chapter19.pdf }} <!-- Short-cite {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} links to this citation. --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2007 |title=Climate Change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change |series=Contribution of Working Group III to the [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|Fourth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=B. |editor-last1=Metz |editor-first2=O. R. |editor-last2=Davidson |editor-first3=P. R. |editor-last3=Bosch |editor-first4=R. |editor-last4=Dave |editor-first5=L. A. |editor-last5=Meyer |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html |isbn=978-0-521-88011-4 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2014-10-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012170817/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/contents.html }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR4 WG3 Ch1|2007}} |chapter=Chapter 1: Introduction |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter1.pdf |year=2007 |display-authors=4 |first1=H.-H. |last1=Rogner |first2=D. |last2=Zhou |first3=R. |last3=Bradley |first4=P. |last4=Crabbé |first5=O. |last5=Edenhofer |first6=B. |last6=Hare |first7=L. |last7=Kuijpers |first8=M. |last8=Yamaguchi |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG3|2007}} |pages=95–116 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2025-12-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210110444/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter1.pdf }} <!-- =========AR5================== --> '''Fifth Assessment report''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}<!-- ipcc:20200215 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2013 |title=Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis |series=Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor1-first=T. F. |editor1-last=Stocker |editor2-first=D. |editor2-last=Qin |editor3-first=G.-K. |editor3-last=Plattner |editor4-first=M. |editor4-last=Tignor |editor5-first=S. K. |editor5-last=Allen |editor6-first=J. |editor6-last=Boschung |editor7-first=A. |editor7-last=Nauels |editor8-first=Y. |editor8-last=Xia |editor9-first=V. |editor9-last=Bex |editor10-first=P. M. |editor10-last=Midgley |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge, UK & New York |isbn=978-1-107-05799-9 <!-- ISBN in printed source is incorrect. --> |url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_ALL_FINAL.pdf <!-- Same file, new url per IPCC. --> }}. [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis – IPCC] ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2013}} |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch2|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 2: Observations: Atmosphere and Surface |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2017/09/WG1AR5_Chapter02_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=D. L. |last1=Hartmann |first2=A. M. G. |last2=Klein Tank |first3=M. |last3=Rusticucci |first4=L. V. |last4=Alexander |first5=S. |last5=Brönnimann |first6=Y. |last6=Charabi |first7=F. J. |last7=Dentener |first8=E. J. |last8=Dlugokencky |first9=D. R. |last9=Easterling |first10=A. |last10=Kaplan |first11=B. J. |last11=Soden |first12=P. W. |last12=Thorne |first13=M. |last13=Wild |first14=P. M. |last14=Zhai |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=159–254 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch3|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 3: Observations: Ocean |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter03_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Rhein |first2=S. R. |last2=Rintoul |first3=S. |last3=Aoki |first4=E. |last4=Campos |first5=D. |last5=Chambers |first6=R. A. |last6=Feely |first7=S. |last7=Gulev |first8=G. C. |last8=Johnson |first9=S. A. |last9=Josey |first10=A. |last10=Kostianoy |first11=C. |last11=Mauritzen |first12=D. |last12=Roemmich |first13=L. D. |last13=Talley |first14=F. |last14=Wang |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=255–315 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch5|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 5: Information from Paleoclimate Archives |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=V. |last1=Masson-Delmotte |first2=M. |last2=Schulz |first3=A. |last3=Abe-Ouchi |first4=J. |last4=Beer |first5=A. |last5=Ganopolski |first6=J. F. |last6=González Rouco |first7=E. |last7=Jansen |first8=K. |last8=Lambeck |first9=J. |last9=Luterbacher |first10=T. |last10=Naish |first11=T. |last11=Osborn |first12=B. |last12=Otto-Bliesner |first13=T. |last13=Quinn |first14=R. |last14=Ramesh |first15=M. |last15=Rojas |first16=X. |last16=Shao |first17=A. |last17=Timmermann |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=383–464 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch10|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 10: Detection and Attribution of Climate Change: from Global to Regional |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_Chapter10_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=N. L. |last1=Bindoff |first2=P. A. |last2=Stott |first3=K. M. |last3=AchutaRao |first4=M. R. |last4=Allen |first5=N. |last5=Gillett |first6=D. |last6=Gutzler |first7=K. |last7=Hansingo |first8=G. |last8=Hegerl |first9=Y. |last9=Hu |first10=S. |last10=Jain |first11=I. I. |last11=Mokhov |first12=J. |last12=Overland |first13=J. |last13=Perlwitz |first14=R. |last14=Sebbari |first15=X. |last15=Zhang |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |pages=867–952 }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG1 Ch12|2013}} |chapter=Chapter 12: Long-term Climate Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter12_FINAL.pdf |year=2013 |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Collins |first2=R. |last2=Knutti |first3=J. M. |last3=Arblaster |first4=J.-L. |last4=Dufresne |first5=T. |last5=Fichefet |first6=P. |last6=Friedlingstein |first7=X. |last7=Gao |first8=W. J. |last8=Gutowski |first9=T. |last9=Johns |first10=G. |last10=Krinner |first11=M. |last11=Shongwe |first12=C. |last12=Tebaldi |first13=A. J. |last13=Weaver |first14=M. |last14=Wehner |pages=1029–1136 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}} |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2019-12-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219013928/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter12_FINAL.pdf }} <!----------------AR5 Working Group II Report --> {{anchor|{{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2|2014}}}} <!-- For the entire AR5 WG2 report --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects |series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=C. B. |editor-last1=Field |editor-first2=V. R. |editor-last2=Barros |editor-first3=D. J. |editor-last3=Dokken |editor-first4=K. J. |editor-last4=Mach |editor-first5=M. D. |editor-last5=Mastrandrea |editor-first6=T. E. |editor-last6=Bilir |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Chatterjee |editor-first8=K. L. |editor-last8=Ebi |editor-first9=Y. O. |editor-last9=Estrada |editor-first10=R. C. |editor-last10=Genova |editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Girma |editor-first12=E. S. |editor-last12=Kissel |editor-first13=A. N. |editor-last13=Levy |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=MacCracken |editor-first15=P. R. |editor-last15=Mastrandrea |editor-first16=L. L. |editor-last16=White |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05807-1 |url=<!-- ** I haven't added AR5 urls yet as I have not determined which is best. -JJ --> }}. Chapters 1–20, SPM, and Technical Summary. ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch13|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 13: Livelihoods and Poverty |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap13_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=L. |last1=Olsson |first2=M. |last2=Opondo |first3=P. |last3=Tschakert |first4=A. |last4=Agrawal |first5=S. H. |last5=Eriksen |first6=S. |last6=Ma |first7=L. N. |last7=Perch |first8=S. A. |last8=Zakieldeen |year=2014 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |pages=793–832 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2025-11-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251123084604/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap13_FINAL.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch18|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 18: Detection and Attribution of Observed Impacts |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap18_FINAL.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=W. |last1=Cramer |first2=G. W. |last2=Yohe |first3=M. |last3=Auffhammer |first4=C. |last4=Huggel |first5=U. |last5=Molau |first6=M. A. F. |last6=da Silva Dias |first7=A. |last7=Solow |first8=D. A. |last8=Stone |first9=L. |last9=Tibig |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |pages=979–1037 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2025-12-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203184103/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap18_FINAL.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch19|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 19: Emergent Risks and Key Vulnerabilities |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Oppenheimer |first2=M. |last2=Campos |first3=R. |last3=Warren |first4=J. |last4=Birkmann |first5=G. |last5=Luber |first6=B. |last6=O'Neill |first7=K. |last7=Takahashi |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 A|2014}} |pages=1039–1099 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2025-11-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251127040853/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap19_FINAL.pdf }} * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 B|2014}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects |series=Contribution of Working Group II to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=V. R. |editor-last1=Barros |editor-first2=C. B. |editor-last2=Field |editor-first3=D. J. |editor-last3=Dokken |editor-first4=K. J. |editor-last4=Mach |editor-first5=M. D. |editor-last5=Mastrandrea |editor-first6=T. E. |editor-last6=Bilir |editor-first7=M. |editor-last7=Chatterjee |editor-first8=K. L. |editor-last8=Ebi |editor-first9=Y. O. |editor-last9=Estrada |editor-first10=R. C. |editor-last10=Genova |editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Girma |editor-first12=E. S. |editor-last12=Kissel |editor-first13=A. N. |editor-last13=Levy |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=MacCracken |editor-first15=P. R. |editor-last15=Mastrandrea |editor-first16=L.L |editor-last16=White |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge, UK & New York |isbn=978-1-107-05816-3 |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-PartB_FINAL.pdf }}. Chapters 21–30, Annexes, and Index. ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG2 Ch28|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 28: Polar Regions |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap28_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=J. N. |last1=Larsen |first2=O. A. |last2=Anisimov |first3=A. |last3=Constable |first4=A. B. |last4=Hollowed |first5=N. |last5=Maynard |first6=P. |last6=Prestrud |first7=T. D. |last7=Prowse |first8=J. M. R. |last8=Stone |year=2014 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG2 B|2014}} |pages=1567–1612 |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2026-01-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113144928/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg2/WGIIAR5-Chap28_FINAL.pdf }} <!-- ------------------------------ --> * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}} |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change |url=https://archive.org/details/climatechange2010000inte_s0r3 |series=Contribution of Working Group III to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=O. |editor-last1=Edenhofer |editor-first2=R. |editor-last2=Pichs-Madruga |editor-first3=Y. |editor-last3=Sokona |editor-first4=E. |editor-last4=Farahani |editor-first5=S. |editor-last5=Kadner |editor-first6=K. |editor-last6=Seyboth |editor-first7=A. |editor-last7=Adler |editor-first8=I. |editor-last8=Baum |editor-first9=S. |editor-last9=Brunner |editor-first10=P. |editor-last10=Eickemeier |editor-first11=B. |editor-last11=Kriemann |editor-first12=J. |editor-last12=Savolainen |editor-first13=S. |editor-last13=Schlömer |editor-first14=C. |editor-last14=von Stechow |editor-first15=T. |editor-last15=Zwickel |editor-first16=J. C. |editor-last16=Minx |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |place=Cambridge, UK & New York, NY |isbn= 978-1-107-05821-7 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3 Ch9|2014}} |chapter=Chapter 9: Buildings |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter9.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=O. |last1=Lucon |first2=D. |last2=Ürge-Vorsatz |first3=A. |last3=Ahmed |first4=H. |last4=Akbari |first5=P. |last5=Bertoldi |first6=L. |last6=Cabeza |first7=N. |last7=Eyre |first8=A. |last8=Gadgil |first9=L. D. |last9=Harvey |first10=Y. |last10=Jiang |first11=E. |last11=Liphoto |first12=S. |last12=Mirasgedis |first13=S. |last13=Murakami |first14=J. |last14=Parikh |first15=C. |last15=Pyke |first16=M. |last16=Vilariño |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}} |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2025-08-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250824090413/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/ipcc_wg3_ar5_chapter9.pdf }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 WG3 Annex III|2014}} |chapter=Annex III: Technology-specific Cost and Performance Parameters |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_annex-iii.pdf |year=2014 |display-authors=4 |first1=O. |last1=Edenhofer |first2=R. |last2=Pichs-Madruga |first3=Y. |last3=Sokona |first4=E. |last4=Farahani |first5=S. |last5=Kadner |first6=K. |last6=Seyboth |first7=A. |last7=Adler |first8=I. |last8=Baum |first9=S. |last9=Brunner |first10=P. |last10=Eickemeier |first11=B. |last11=Kriemann |first12=J. |last12=Savolainen |first13=S. |last13=Schlömer |first14=C. |last14=von Stechow |first15=T. |last15=Zwickel |first16=J.C. |last16=Minx |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG3|2014}} }} * {{cite book |author=IPCC AR5 SYR |author-link=IPCC |year=2014 |title=Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report |series=Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |editor1=The Core Writing Team |editor-first2=R. K. |editor-last2=Pachauri |editor-first3=L. A. |editor-last3=Meyer |publisher=IPCC |place=Geneva, Switzerland |isbn=<!-- no isbn --> |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 SYR Summary for Policymakers|2014}} |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf |year=2014 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014}} }} ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR5 SYR Glossary|2014}} |chapter=Annex II: Glossary |chapter-url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_Annexes.pdf |year=2014 |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 SYR|2014}} |access-date=2025-12-08 |archivedate=2022-07-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718055704/https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_Annexes.pdf }} <!-- =========SR15================== --> '''Special Report: Global Warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2018 |title=Global Warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=V. |editor-last1=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first2=P. |editor-last2=Zhai |editor-first3=H.-O. |editor-last3=Pörtner |editor-first4=D. |editor-last4=Roberts |editor-first5=J. |editor-last5=Skea |editor-first6=P. R. |editor-last6=Shukla |editor-first7=A. |editor-last7=Pirani |editor-first8=W. |editor-last8=Moufouma-Okia |editor-first9=C. |editor-last9=Péan |editor-first10=R. |editor-last10=Pidcock |editor-first11=S. |editor-last11=Connors |editor-first12=J. B. R. |editor-last12=Matthews |editor-first13=Y. |editor-last13=Chen |editor-first14=X. |editor-last14=Zhou |editor-first15=M. I. |editor-last15=Gomis |editor-first16=E. |editor-last16=Lonnoy |editor-first17=T. |editor-last17=Maycock |editor-first18=M. |editor-last18=Tignor |editor-first19=T. |editor-last19=Waterfeld |publisher=[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] |isbn=<!-- not issued? --> |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf }} Global Warming of 1.5&nbsp;°C –. <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Summary for Policymakers|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2018 |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_SPM_version_report_HR.pdf |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=3–24 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch1|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 1: Framing and Context |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter1_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=M. R. |last1=Allen |first2=O. P. |last2=Dube |first3=W. |last3=Solecki |first4=F. |last4=Aragón-Durand |first5=W. |last5=Cramer |first6=S. |last6=Humphreys |first7=M. |last7=Kainuma |first8=J. |last8=Kala |first9=N. |last9=Mahowald |first10=Y. |last10=Mulugetta |first11=R. |last11=Perez |first12=M. |last12=Wairiu |first13=K. |last13=Zickfeld |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=49–91 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch2|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 2: Mitigation Pathways Compatible with 1.5&nbsp;°C in the Context of Sustainable Development |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter2_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=J. |last1=Rogelj |author1-link=Joeri Rogelj |first2=D. |last2=Shindell |first3=K. |last3=Jiang |first4=S. |last4=Fifta |first5=P. |last5=Forster |first6=V. |last6=Ginzburg |first7=C. |last7=Handa |first8=H. |last8=Kheshgi |first9=S. |last9=Kobayashi |first10=E. |last10=Kriegler |first11=L. |last11=Mundaca |first12=R. |last12=Séférian |first13=M. V. |last13=Vilariño |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=93–174 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch3|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 3: Impacts of 1.5&nbsp;°C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter3_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=O. |last1=Hoegh-Guldberg |first2=D. |last2=Jacob |first3=M. |last3=Taylor |first4=M. |last4=Bindi |first5=S. |last5=Brown |first6=I. |last6=Camilloni |first7=A. |last7=Diedhiou |first8=R. |last8=Djalante |first9=K. L. |last9=Ebi |first10=F. |last10=Engelbrecht |first11=J. |last11=Guiot |first12=Y. |last12=Hijioka |first13=S. |last13=Mehrotra |first14=A. |last14=Payne |first15=S. I. |last15=Seneviratne |first16=A. |last16=Thomas |first17=R. |last17=Warren |first18=G. |last18=Zhou |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=175–311 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch4|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 4: Strengthening and Implementing the Global Response |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter4_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=H. |last1=de Coninck |first2=A. |last2=Revi |first3=M. |last3=Babiker |first4=P. |last4=Bertoldi |first5=M. |last5=Buckeridge |first6=A. |last6=Cartwright |first7=W. |last7=Dong |first8=J. |last8=Ford |first9=S. |last9=Fuss |first10=J.-C. |last10=Hourcade |first11=D. |last11=Ley |first12=R. |last12=Mechler |first13=P. |last13=Newman |first14=A. |last14=Revokatova |first15=S. |last15=Schultz |first16=L. |last16=Steg |first17=T. |last17=Sugiyama |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=313–443 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SR15 Ch5|2018}} <!-- ipcc:20200312 --> |year=2018 |chapter=Chapter 5: Sustainable Development, Poverty Eradication and Reducing Inequalities |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/05/SR15_Chapter5_High_Res.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=J. |last1=Roy |first2=P. |last2=Tschakert |first3=H. |last3=Waisman |first4=S. |last4=Abdul Halim |first5=P. |last5=Antwi-Agyei |first6=P. |last6=Dasgupta |first7=B. |last7=Hayward |first8=M. |last8=Kanninen |first9=D. |last9=Liverman |first10=C. |last10=Okereke |first11=P. F. |last11=Pinho |first12=K. |last12=Riahi |first13=A. G. |last13=Suarez Rodriguez |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SR15|2018}} |pages=445–538 }} <!-- =========SRCCL ============================ --> '''Special Report: Climate change and Land''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=P. R. |editor-last1=Shukla |editor-first2=J. |editor-last2=Skea |editor-first3=E. |editor-last3=Calvo Buendia |editor-first4=V. |editor-last4=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first5=H.-O. |editor-last5=Pörtner |editor-first6=D. |editor-last6=C. Roberts |editor-first7=P. |editor-last7=Zhai |editor-first8=R. |editor-last8=Slade |editor-first9=S. |editor-last9=Connors |editor-first10=R. |editor-last10=van Diemen |editor-first11=M. |editor-last11=Ferrat |editor-first12=E. |editor-last12=Haughey |editor-first13=S. |editor-last13=Luz |editor-first14=S. |editor-last14=Neogi |editor-first15=M. |editor-last15=Pathak |editor-first16=J. |editor-last16=Petzold |editor-first17=J. |editor-last17=Portugal Pereira |editor-first18=P. |editor-last18=Vyas |editor-first19=E. |editor-last19=Huntley |editor-first20=K. |editor-last20=Kissick |editor-first21=M. |editor-last21=Belkacemi |editor-first22=J. |editor-last22=Malley |year=2019 |title=IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/SRCCL-Full-Report-Compiled-191128.pdf |publisher=In press }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Summary for Policymakers|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/4/2019/12/02_Summary-for-Policymakers_SPM.pdf |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} |pages=3–34 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Ch2|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |chapter=Chapter 2: Land-Climate Interactions |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/05_Chapter-2.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=G. |last1=Jia |first2=E. |last2=Shevliakova |first3=P. E. |last3=Artaxo<!-- 'Artaxo-Netto'? --> |first4=N. |last4=De Noblet-Ducoudré |first5=R. |last5=Houghton |first6=J. |last6=House |first7=K. |last7=Kitajima |first8=C. |last8=Lennard |first9=A. |last9=Popp |first10=A. |last10=Sirin |first11=R. |last11=Sukumar |first12=L. |last12=Verchot |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} |pages=131–247 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SRCCL Ch5|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200204 --> |chapter=Chapter 5: Food Security |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2019/11/08_Chapter-5.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=C. |last1=Mbow |first2=C. |last2=Rosenzweig |first3=L. G. |last3=Barioni |first4=T. |last4=Benton |first5=M. |last5=Herrero |first6=M. V. |last6=Krishnapillai |first7=E. |last7=Liwenga |first8=P. |last8=Pradhan |first9=M. G. |last9=Rivera-Ferre |first10=T. |last10=Sapkota |first11=F. N. |last11=Tubiello |first12=Y. |last12=Xu |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SRCCL|2019}} |pages=437–550 }} <!-- =========SROCC ============================ --> '''Special Report: The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate''' * {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2019 |display-editors=4 |editor-first1=H.-O. |editor-last1=Pörtner |editor-first2=D. C. |editor-last2=Roberts |editor-first3=V. |editor-last3=Masson-Delmotte |editor-first4=P. |editor-last4=Zhai |editor-first5=M. |editor-last5=Tignor |editor-first6=E. |editor-last6=Poloczanska |editor-first7=K. |editor-last7=Mintenbeck |editor-first8=A. |editor-last8=Alegría |editor-first9=M. |editor-last9=Nicolai |editor-first10=A. |editor-last10=Okem |editor-first11=J. |editor-last11=Petzold |editor-first12=B. |editor-last12=Rama |editor-first13=N. |editor-last13=Weyer |title=IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate |publisher=In press |isbn=<!-- Not yet assigned --> |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/12/SROCC_FullReport_FINAL.pdf }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Summary for Policymakers|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/03_SROCC_SPM_FINAL.pdf |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}} |pages=3–35 }} <!-- ## --> ** {{cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC SROCC Ch4|2019}} <!-- ipcc:20200202 --> |chapter=Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Implications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/08_SROCC_Ch04_FINAL.pdf |display-authors=4 |first1=M. |last1=Oppenheimer |first2=B. |last2=Glavovic |first3=J. |last3=Hinkel |first4=R. |last4=van de Wal |first5=A. 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R. |last12=Purca Cuicapusa |first13=B. |last13=Rinkevich |first14=T. |last14=Suga |first15=A. |last15=Tagliabue |first16=P. |last16=Williamson |year=2019 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC SROCC|2019}} |pages=447–587 }} '''Sixth Assessment Report''' * {{Cite book |ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} |author = IPCC |author-link = IPCC |year = 2021 |title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis |series = Contribution of Working Group I to the [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|Sixth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |display-editors = 4 |editor1-first = V. |editor1-last = Masson-Delmotte |editor2-first = P. |editor2-last = Zhai |editor3-first = A. |editor3-last = Pirani |editor4-first = S. L. |editor4-last = Connors |editor5-first = C. |editor5-last = Péan |editor6-first = S. |editor6-last = Berger |editor7-first = N. |editor7-last = Caud |editor8-first = Y. |editor8-last = Chen |editor9-first = L. |editor9-last = Goldfarb |editor10-first = M. I. |editor10-last = Gomis |publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] (In Press) |place = Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US |url = https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport_small.pdf }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Summary for Policymakers|2021}} |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |year=2021 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Technical Summary|2021}} |chapter=Technical Summary |last1=Arias |first1=Paola A. |last2=Bellouin |first2=Nicolas |last3=Coppola |first3=Erika |last4=Jones |first4=Richard G. |last5=Krinner |first5=Gerhard |display-authors=4 |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_TS.pdf |year=2021 |title={{Harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG1|2021}} }} ** {{Cite book| ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch2|2021}}| chapter = Chapter 2: Changing state of the climate system| last1 = Gulev| first1 = Sergey K.| last2 = Thorne| first2 = Peter W.| last3 = Ahn| first3 = Jinho| last4 = Dentener| first4 = Frank J.| last5 = Domingues| first5 = Catia M.| last6 = Gerland| first6 = Sebastian| last7 = Gong| first7 = Daoyi| last8 = Kaufman| first8 = Darrell S.| last9 = Nnamchi| first9 = Hyacinth C.| last10 = Quaas| first10 = Johannes| last11 = Rivera| first11 = Juan Antonio| last12 = Sathyendranath| first12 = Shubha| last13 = Smith| first13 = Sharon L.| last14 = Trewin| first14 = Blair| last15 = von Shuckmann| first15 = Karina| last16 = Vose| first16 = Russell S.| title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change| chapter-url = https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter_02.pdf| display-authors = 4| year = 2021}} ** {{Cite book | ref = {{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG1 Ch4|2021}} | chapter = Chapter 4: Future Global Climate: Scenario-Based Projections and Near-Term Information | last1 = Lee | first1 = June-Yi | last2 = Marotzke | first2 = Jochem | last3 = Bala | first3 = Govindasamy | last4 = Cao | first4 = Long | last5 = Corti | first5 = Susanna | last6 = Dunne | first6 = John P. | last7 = Engelbrecht | first7 = Francois | last8 = Fischer | first8 = Erich M. | last9 = Fyfe | first9 = John C. | last10 = Jones | first10 = Christopher D. | last11 = Maycock | first11 = Amanda C. | last12 = Mutemi | first12 = Joseph | last13 = Ndiaye | first13 = Ousmane | last14 = Panickal | first14 = Swapna | last15 = Zhou | first15 = Tianjun | title = Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. 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Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2022 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 SPM|2022}} |author=IPCC |chapter=Summary for Policymakers |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=3–33 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.001 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Technical Summary|2022}} |author=IPCC |chapter=Technical Summary |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_TechnicalSummary.pdf |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=37–118 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.002 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch5|2022}} |chapter=Food, Fibre and Other Ecosystem Products |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter05.pdf |last1=Bezner Kerr |first1=R. |last2=Hasegawa |first2=T. |last3=Lasco |first3=R. |last4=Bhatt |first4=I. |last5=Deryng |first5=D. |last6=Farrell |first6=A. |last7=Gurney-Smith |first7=H. |last8=Ju |first8=H. |last9=Lluch-Cota |first9=S. |last10=Meza |first10=F. |last11=Nelson |first11=G. |last12=Neufeldt |first12=H. |last13=Thornton |first13=P. |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=713–906 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.007 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch6|2022}} |chapter=Cities, Settlements and Key Infrastructure |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter06.pdf |last1=Dodman |first1=D. |last2=Hayward |first2=B. |last3=Pelling |first3=M. |last4=Castan Broto |first4=V. |last5=Chow |first5=W. |last6=Chu |first6=E. |last7=Dawson |first7=R. |last8=Khirfan |first8=L. |last9=McPhearson |first9=T. |last10=Prakash |first10=A. |last11=Zheng |first11=Y. |last12=Ziervogel |first12=G. |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=907–1040 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.008 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} ** {{Cite book |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG2 Ch16|2022}} |chapter=Key Risks across Sectors and Regions |chapter-url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter16.pdf |last1=O'Neill |first1=B. |last2=van Aalst |first2=M. |last3=Zaiton Ibrahim |first3=Z. |last4=Berrang Ford |first4=L. |last5=Bhadwal |first5=S. |last6=Buhaug |first6=H. |last7=Diaz |first7=D. |last8=Frieler |first8=K. |last9=Garschagen |first9=M. |last10=Magnan |first10=A. |last11=Midgley |first11=G. |last12=Mirzabaev |first12=A. |last13=Thomas |first13=A. |last14=Warren |first14=R. |title={{harvnb|IPCC AR6 WG2|2022}} |year=2022 |pages=2411–2538 |doi=10.1017/9781009325844.025 |isbn=978-1-009-32584-4 }} * {{cite book |author=IPCC |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022}} |editor-last1=Shukla |editor-first1=P.R. |editor-last2=Skea |editor-first2=J. |display-editors=etal |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ |title=Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. 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--> * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Paris Agreement|2015}} |date=2015 |author=UNFCCC |title=Paris Agreement |publisher=United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |url=https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf }} <!-- ## --> * {{cite report |ref = {{harvid|UN NDC Synthesis Report|2021}} |author = UNFCCC |date = 26 February 2021 |title = Nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement Synthesis report by the secretariat |url = https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cma2021_02E.pdf |publisher = [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]] }} <!-- ## --> * {{cite web |ref={{harvid|UNHCR|2011}} |title=Climate Change and the Risk of Statelessness: The Situation of Low-lying Island States |last=Park |first=Susin |date=May 2011 |publisher=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/4df9cb0c9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502223251/http://www.unhcr.org/4df9cb0c9.pdf |archive-date=2 May 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=13 April 2012 }} * {{cite report |author=United States Environmental Protection Agency |year=2016 |title=Methane and Black Carbon Impacts on the Arctic: Communicating the Science |url=https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-change-science/methane-and-black-carbon-impacts-arctic-communicating-science_.html |access-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906225344/https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-change-science/methane-and-black-carbon-impacts-arctic-communicating-science_.html |archive-date=6 September 2017 |url-status=live }} * {{cite journal |last1=Van Oldenborgh |first1=Geert-Jan |last2=Philip |first2=Sjoukje |last3=Kew |first3=Sarah |last4=Vautard |first4=Robert |display-authors=etal |date=2019 |website=Semantic Scholar |s2cid=199454488 |title=Human contribution to the record-breaking June 2019 heat wave in France }} * {{cite book |ref=none |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=October 2008 |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |edition=2nd |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-03189-0 |url=http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm |access-date=16 June 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118000413/http://history.aip.org/climate/reviews.htm |archive-date=18 November 2016 }} * {{cite book |ref=none |last=Weart |first=Spencer |date=February 2019 |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |edition=online |url=http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618075616/http://history.aip.org/climate/index.htm |archive-date=18 June 2020 |author-link=Spencer R. Weart }} ** {{citation|ref={{harvid|Weart "The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last =Weart |first=Spencer |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher=American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191800/http://history.aip.org/climate/co2.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live }} ** {{citation|ref=none |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last =Weart |first=Spencer |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher =American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live }} *** {{citation|ref={{harvid|Weart "Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969)"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last =Weart |first=Spencer |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change: Suspicions of a Human-Caused Greenhouse (1956–1969) |chapter-url=http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2 |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher =American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191711/http://history.aip.org/climate/public.htm#S2 |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live }} ** {{citation|ref={{harvid|Weart "The Public and Climate Change (since 1980)"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |last1=Weart |first1=Spencer |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change (cont.&nbsp;– since 1980) |chapter-url=https://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |access-date=19 June 2020 |publisher =American Institute of Physics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111191659/http://history.aip.org/climate/public2.htm |archive-date=11 November 2016 |url-status=live }} *** {{citation|ref={{harvid|Weart "The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988"}} |mode=cs1 <!-- Because {cite web} doesn't do chapters. --> |first=Spencer |last=Weart |date =January 2020<!-- "The Discovery of Global Warming" is an evolving website, date is not useful for SFNs. --> |title=The Discovery of Global Warming |chapter=The Public and Climate Change: The Summer of 1988 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|website=UNFCCC |access-date=12 May 2019 |url=https://unfccc.int/process/conferences/what-are-united-nations-climate-change-conferences |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512084017/https://unfccc.int/process/conferences/what-are-united-nations-climate-change-conferences |archive-date=12 May 2019 |url-status=live }} ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|UNFCCC, "What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?"}} |title=What is the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? |website=UNFCCC |url=https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-convention/what-is-the-united-nations-framework-convention-on-climate-change }} * ''[[Union of Concerned Scientists]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Union of Concerned Scientists, 8 January|2017}} |date=8 January 2017 |title=Carbon Pricing 101 |website=Union of Concerned Scientists |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/carbon-pricing-101 |access-date=15 May 2020 }} * ''[[Vice (website)|Vice]]'' ** {{cite news |ref={{harvid|Vice, 2 May|2019}} |website=Vice |last1=Segalov |first1=Michael |title=The UK Has Declared a Climate Emergency: What Now? |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/uk-climate-emergency-what-does-it-mean/ |access-date=30 June 2019 |date=2 May 2019 }} * ''[[The Verge]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|The Verge, 27 December|2019}} |title=2019 was the year of 'climate emergency' declarations |last=Calma |first=Justine |date=27 December 2019 |website=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/27/21038949/climate-change-2019-emergency-declaration |access-date=28 March 2020 }} * ''[[Vox (website)|Vox]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Vox, 20 September|2019}} |last1=Roberts |first1=D. |date=20 September 2019 |title=Getting to 100% renewables requires cheap energy storage. But how cheap? |website=Vox |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/8/9/20767886/renewable-energy-storage-cost-electricity |access-date=28 May 2020 }} * ''[[World Health Organization]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|WHO, Nov|2023}} |date=3 November 2023 |title=We must fight one of the world's biggest health threats: climate change |website=World Health Organization |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/we-must-fight-one-of-the-world-s-biggest-health-threats-climate-change |access-date=19 September 2024 }} * ''[[World Resources Institute]]'' ** {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|World Resources Institute, 8 August|2019}} |date=8 August 2019 |last1=Levin |first1=Kelly |title=How Effective Is Land At Removing Carbon Pollution? The IPCC Weighs In |website=World Resources institute |url=https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/how-effective-land-removing-carbon-pollution-ipcc-weighs |access-date=15 May 2020 }} ** {{cite journal |ref={{harvid|World Resources Institute, 8 December|2019}} |date=8 December 2019 |first1=Frances |last1=Seymour |first2=David |last2=Gibbs |title=Forests in the IPCC Special Report on Land Use: 7 Things to Know |url=https://www.wri.org/blog/2019/08/forests-ipcc-special-report-land-use-7-things-know/ |website=World Resources Institute }} * ''[[Yale Climate Connections]]'' ** {{cite web |ref={{harvid|Yale Climate Connections, 2 November|2010}} |title=Yale Researcher Anthony Leiserowitz on Studying, Communicating with American Public |date=2 November 2010 |last=Peach |first=Sara |publisher=Yale Climate Connections |access-date=30 July 2018 |url=https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207130823/https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2010/11/communicating-with-american-public/ |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live }} {{refend}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{Spoken Wikipedia|date=30 October 2021|En-Climate_change-article.ogg}} {{Scholia}} {{Library resources box |by=no |onlinebooks=no |others=yes |lcheading=Climate change}} * [https://www.ipcc.ch/ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: IPCC] ([[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change|IPCC]]) * [https://www.un.org/en/climatechange UN: Climate Change] (UN) * [http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-guide Met Office: Climate Guide] ([[Met Office]]) * [https://www.noaa.gov/climate National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Climate] ([[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]) * [https://royalsociety.org/news-resources/projects/climate-change-evidence-causes Royal Society. Climate change: Evidence and causes] ([[Royal Society]]) {{Commons|Climate change}} {{Authority control|state=expanded}} [[শ্ৰেণী: জলবায়ু পৰিৱৰ্তন| ]] 7i4hmjngftowat3p804jtpsuh4bfbq3 0 129420 646192 645526 2026-10-20T07:49:43Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{অনুবাদ}}{{সম্পাদনা}} [[File:Islam percent population in each nation World Map Muslim data by Pew Research.svg|alt=|thumb|308x308px|শতাংশ অনুসৰি বিশ্ব মুছলমান জনসংখ্যা ([[Pew Research Center]], 2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/table-religious-composition-by-country-in-percentages/|title=Religious Composition by Country, in Percentages'|date=18 December 2012|publisher=Pew Research|access-date=17 August 2020}}</ref>]] {{ইছলাম}} [[ইছলাম]]ৰ অনুগামীসকলে ২০২২ চনত ২০১৭ চনৰ প্ৰস্তাৱিত প্ৰক্ষেপণ বজাই ৰাখি বিশ্বৰ দ্বিতীয় বৃহত্তম আৰু দ্ৰুতগতিত বৃদ্ধি পোৱা ডাঙৰ ধৰ্মীয় গোট গঠন কৰে।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nadeem |first=Reem |date=2022-12-21 |title=Key Findings From the Global Religious Futures Project |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2022/12/21/key-findings-from-the-global-religious-futures-project/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> ২০২০ চনলৈকে পিউ ৰিচাৰ্চ চেণ্টাৰ (পিইডব্লিউ)ৰ প্ৰক্ষেপণ অনুসৰি বিশ্বজুৰি মুঠ ২ বিলিয়ন অনুগামী আছে।<ref name="pew2010–2020">{{cite web |date=June 9, 2025 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020. Muslims grew fastest; Christians lagged behind global population increase |url=https://www.pewresearch.orgreligion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |author=Fahmy, Conrad Hackett; Marcin Stonawski; Yunping Tong; Stephanie Kramer; Anne Shi and Dalia |date=2025-06-09 |title=How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/PR_2025.06.09_global-religious-change_report.pdf |access-date=2025-06-10 |publisher=Pew Research Center }}</ref> অধিক অধ্যয়নে ইংগিত দিয়ে যে ইছলামৰ বিশ্বব্যাপী বিস্তাৰ আৰু শতাংশ বৃদ্ধিৰ মূল কাৰণ হৈছে তুলনামূলকভাৱে উচ্চ জন্মৰ হাৰ আৰু যৌৱনৰ বয়সৰ গাঁথনি।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Why Muslims are the world's fastest-growing religious group |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/06/why-muslims-are-the-worlds-fastest-growing-religious-group/ |access-date=2022-11-05 |website=Pew Research Center |date=6 April 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="PewIslam2011">[http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx "The Future of Global Muslim Population: Projections from 2010 to 2013"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |date=9 February 2011}} Accessed July 2013.</ref> ইছলাম ধৰ্ম গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ ফলত মুছলমান জনসংখ্যাৰ সামগ্ৰিক বৃদ্ধিত কোনো প্ৰভাৱ নপৰে, কিয়নো ইছলাম ধৰ্ম গ্ৰহণ কৰা লোকৰ সংখ্যা বিশ্বাস এৰি যোৱা লোকৰ সংখ্যাৰ প্ৰায় সমান।<ref>{{Cite report |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |section=Conversion |date=27 January 2011 |publisher=Pew Research Center |section-url=https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-related-factors/#conversion |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |quote=there is no substantial net gain or loss in the number of Muslims through conversion globally; the number of people who become Muslims through conversion seems to be roughly equal to the number of Muslims who leave the faith |access-date=12 May 2020 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211126/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |url-status=live }}</ref> বেছিভাগ [[মুছলমান|মুছলমানেই]] তিনিটা মূল [[মাজহাব|শাখা]]ৰ যিকোনো এটাৰ অন্তৰ্গত: * [[ছুন্নী ইছলাম|ছুন্নী]] (৮৫–৯০%, প্ৰায় ১.৭–১.৮ বিলিয়ন মানুহ)<ref name="Sunni">*{{cite book |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |quote=Within the Muslim community, the percentage of Sunnis is generally thought to be between 85 percent, with the Shia accounting for 15.5 percent and with the wahabis controlling 5 percent, although some sources estimate their numbers at 20 percent. A common compromise figure ranks Sunnis at 90 percent and Shias at 10 percent. |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Reference |year=2010 |page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761479260/page/130 130] |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780761479260 |url-access=registration |access-date=2019-11-30 }} *{{cite web |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |date=2009-10-07 |access-date=2019-11-30 |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ |quote=Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. }} *{{cite news |title=Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias |work=BBC News |date=2011-12-06 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-16047709 |access-date=2019-11-30 |quote=The great majority of the world's more than 1.5 billion Muslims are Sunnis – estimates suggest the figure is somewhere between 85% and 90%. }} *{{cite book |author=Frederick Denny |title=Sunni Islam: Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2010 |page=3 |isbn=978-019980647-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_N97bAiJ0C&pg=PA3 |quote=Sunni Islam is the dominant division of the global Muslim community, and throughout history it has made up a substantial majority (85 to 90 percent) of that community. }} *{{cite web |title=Sunni |publisher=[[Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs]] |url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |access-date=2019-11-30 |quote=Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam, comprising about 85 percent of the world's over 1.5 billion Muslims. |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012090751/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |url-status=dead |archivedate=2014-10-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012090751/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/sunni |deadurl=yes }} *{{cite news |title=Tension between Sunnis, Shiites emerging in USA |publisher=[[USA Today]] |date=2007-09-24 |url=http://usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |quote=Among the world's estimated 1.4 billion Muslims, about 85% are Sunni and about 15% are Shiite. |access-date=2019-11-30 |archive-date=13 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713014245/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |url-status=dead |archivedate=2012-07-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713014245/http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-24-muslim-tension_N.htm |deadurl=yes }} *{{cite book |author=Riaz Hassan |title=Inside Muslim Minds |publisher=Melbourne University Press |year=2008 |page=20 |isbn=9780522854817 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4Ts0GkJBKgC&pg=PA20 |quote=Approximately 20 per cent of the world's Muslims belong to the Shi'ah sect; around 80 per cent are Sunni Muslims. }} *[https://books.google.com/books?id=3w_ngX--ji4C&q=world+muslim+80%25+sunni&pg=PA103 Who Gets To Narrate the World] "The Sunnis (approximately 80%)" *[https://books.google.com/books?id=vD2TJNc7NE4C&pg=PA265 A world theology] N. Ross Reat "80% being the Sunni" *[https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&q=world+muslim+80%25+sunni&pg=PA32 Islam and the Kadiyani jama'at] "The Sunni segment, accounting for at least 80% of the worlds Muslim population" *{{cite book |author=David Robertson |title=A Dictionary of Modern Politics |edition=Third |publisher=Europa Publications |year=2002 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofmode0000robe/page/252 252] |isbn=1-85743-093-X |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofmode0000robe |url-access=registration |quote=It is notable that while a large majority, probably 80%, of the world's Muslims are Sunni... }}</ref> * [[ছিয়া ইছলাম|ছিয়া]] (১০–১৫%, প্ৰায় ২০০–৩০ কোটি মানুহ)<ref name="Shia">See *{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shii |title=Shiʿi |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |date=2019-10-04 |access-date=2019-09-30 |quote=In the early 21st century some 10–13 percent of the world’s 1.6 billion Muslims were Shiʿi. }} *{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |date=7 October 2009 |access-date=24 September 2013 |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |quote=The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10–13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10–15%. Some previous estimates, however, have placed the number of Shias at nearly 20% of the world's Muslim population. }} *{{cite web |url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/shi-a |title=Shia |publisher=Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs |quote=Shi'a Islam is the second largest branch of the tradition, with up to 200 million followers who comprise around 15% of all Muslims worldwide... |access-date=5 December 2011 |archive-date=15 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215070956/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/shi-a |url-status=dead |archivedate=15 December 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215070956/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/essays/shi-a |deadurl=yes }} *{{cite book |author=Jalil Roshandel |title=Iran, Israel and the United States |publisher=Praeger Security International |year=2011 |page=15 |isbn=9780313386985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nVcmKRyID2EC&pg=PA15 |quote=The majority of the world's Islamic population, which is Sunni, accounts for over 75 percent of the Islamic population; the other 10 to 20 percent is Shia. }}</ref> * [[ইবাদী (ইছলাম)|ইবাদী]] (০.১৬–০.৩৭%, প্ৰায় ৩–৭ নিযুত লোক)<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Who are the Ibadis?|website=economist.com|publisher=The Economist Newspaper Limited|date=December 18, 2018|url=https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/12/18/who-are-the-ibadis|access-date=March 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|title=7 ملايين أباضي .. ما هو أسلوبهم في الدين والحياة والزواج؟|website=alarabiya.net|publisher=|date=June 2, 2005|url=https://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2005/06/02/13596|access-date=March 20, 2025}}</ref> ২০২০ চনত ৫৩খন মুছলমান সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ দেশ আছিল।<ref name=number>{{Cite web |last=Fahmy |first=Dalia |date=2025-07-29 |title=The number of Christian-majority countries fell between 2010 and 2020 |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2025/07/29/the-number-of-christian-majority-countries-fell-between-2010-and-2020/ |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> [[ইছলাম]] কেইবাটাও উপ-অঞ্চলত সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ ধৰ্ম: [[মধ্য এছিয়া]], [[পশ্চিম এছিয়া]], [[সামুদ্ৰিক দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়া]], [[উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা]], [[পশ্চিম আফ্ৰিকা]], চাহেল, আৰু [[মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য]]।<ref name="pewmuslim12">{{cite web |title=Muslim Population by Country |url=http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209094904/http://www.pewforum.org/The-Future-of-the-Global-Muslim-Population.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2011 |access-date=22 December 2011 |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref><ref name="pewmuslim22">{{cite web |date=27 January 2011 |title=Region: Middle East-North Africa |url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725215915/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx |archive-date=25 July 2013 |access-date=22 December 2011 |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |archivedate=9 March 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309233947/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-middle-east.aspx |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="pewmuslim32">{{cite web |date=27 January 2011 |title=Region: Sub-Saharan Africa |url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309234009/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx |archive-date=9 March 2013 |access-date=22 December 2011 |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |archivedate=9 March 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309234009/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa.aspx |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) {{ISBN|978-0-85229-956-2}} p.306 According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. [http://www.bellbookandcandlepublications.com/greenwoodsvillage/gor/islam.php Ian S. Markham, (A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.)] is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the [http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/Statistics.htm World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here], as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: [https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711181533/http://www.bellbookandcandlepublications.com/greenwoodsvillage/gor/islam.php|date=11 July 2018}}, Foreign Policy, May 2007.</ref><ref>[http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/31/3731-004.gif Britannica] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214054323/http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/31/3731-004.gif|date=14 December 2008}}, [http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/02016/images/map_of_religions.png Think Quest] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618223858/http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/02016/images/map_of_religions.png|date=18 June 2013}}, [http://www.wadsworth.com/religion_d/special_features/popups/maps/matthews_world/images/w001.jpg Wadsworth.com]</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Vellturo |first=Madeline |date=May 2021 |title=FACTSHEET: ISLAMISTS IN CENTRAL SAHEL |url=https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2021-05/2021%20Factsheet%20-%20Sahel.pdf |access-date=26 Jul 2021 |website=UNITED STATES COMMISSION on INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2011-01-27 |title=Region: Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-sub-saharan-africa/ |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref> বৈচিত্ৰ্যমজ় [[এছিয়া-পেচিফিক]] অঞ্চলত বিশ্বৰ ভিতৰতে সৰ্বাধিক মুছলমান লোক আছে, যিটোৱে [[মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য]] আৰু উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকাৰ সংযুক্ত _{(চমু: মেনা)}ক অতিক্ৰম কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |date=18 December 2012 |title=Muslims |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-muslim/ |access-date=13 October 2016 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project}}</ref> বিশ্বৰ প্ৰায় ৬২% মুছলমান এছিয়া-পেচিফিক অঞ্চলত ([[তুৰস্ক]]ৰপৰা [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া]]লৈকে) বাস কৰে, যাৰ অনুগামী এক বিলিয়নতকৈও অধিক।<ref name="pewmuslim6">{{cite web |date=27 January 2011 |title=Region: Asia-Pacific |url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211200/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia/ |archive-date=24 December 2018 |access-date=22 December 2011 |website=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |publisher=Pew Research Center |archivedate=9 March 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309233927/http://www.pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia.aspx |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[এছিয়া]]ই বিশ্বৰ শীৰ্ষ ৪টা বৃহত্তম ঘৰুৱা জনসংখ্যাৰ আতিথ্য লাভ কৰিছে, বিশ্বত ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াৰ ১২.৭%, পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি [[পাকিস্তান]]—১১.১%, তাৰ পিছত [[ভাৰত]]—১০.৯%, আৰু [[বাংলাদেশ]]—৯.২% লোক ইছলাম ধৰ্ম অনুসৰণ কৰে।<ref name="pewmuslim12" /><ref name="Islam_by_country">{{cite web |title=Number of Muslim by country |url=https://www.nationmaster.com/graph/rel_isl_num_of_mus-religion-islam-number-of-muslim |access-date=30 May 2007 |publisher=nationmaster.com}}</ref> [[নাইজেৰিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|নাইজেৰিয়া]]ত [[আফ্ৰিকা]]ত ৫ম আৰু ৬ষ্ঠ সৰ্বাধিক জনসংখ্যা—৫.৩% আৰু [[ইজিপ্তত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইজিপ্ত]]—৪.৯%।<ref name="pewmuslim12" /><ref name="Islam_by_country" /> [[মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য]]ই ৭ম আৰু ৮ম স্থানত আছে আৰু [[ইৰান|ইৰাণ]] আৰু [[তুৰস্ক]] দুয়োখন দেশৰ অনুমাণিক ৪.৬% স্থান আছে। আৰব বিশ্বত প্ৰায় ২০% মুছলমানহে বাস কৰে।<ref>See: *Esposito (2002b), p.21 *Esposito (2004), pp.2,43</ref> ==আঞ্চলিক তুলনা== বিশ্বৰ ভিতৰতে দক্ষিণ এছিয়াত মুছলমানৰ জনসংখ্যা সৰ্বাধিক, প্ৰায় এক তৃতীয়াংশ মুছলমান দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ।<ref name="Asian Religion">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaubzRxh-U0C&q=what+percent+of+muslims+live+in+south+asia&pg=PA193 |title=South Asian Religions: Tradition and Today |last1=Pechilis |first1=Karen |last2=Raj |first2=Selva J. |date=1 January 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415448512}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050 |date=2 April 2015 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |access-date=7 February 2017 |archive-date=7 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115222/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=4 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504075835/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/01/how-south-asia-will-save-global-islam/ |title=How South Asia Will Save Global Islam |last=Diplomat |first=Akhilesh Pillalamarri, The |work=The Diplomat |access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref> [[মালদ্বীপ]], [[আফগানিস্তান]], [[পাকিস্তান]], [[বাংলাদেশ]]ত [[ইছলাম|ইছলাম ধৰ্ম]] প্ৰধান। মুছলমান সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ দেশৰ বাহিৰত ভাৰতত সৰ্বাধিক মুছলমান জনসংখ্যা আছে আৰু ইয়াৰ অনুগামী ২০ কোটিতকৈও অধিক।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/world/india-invited-as-guest-of-honour-to-oic-meet-sushma-swaraj-to-attend/article26349752.ece |title=India invited as 'Guest of Honour' to OIC meet, Sushma Swaraj to attend |website=@businessline|date=23 February 2019}}</ref> মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য-উত্তৰ আফ্ৰিকা (MENA) অঞ্চলত বিশ্বৰ ২৩% মুছলমান লোক আছে আৰু [[ইজৰাইল]]<ref name="ME-NA Overview">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population10/ |title=Middle East-North Africa Overview |date=7 October 2009}}</ref> আৰু [[চাইপ্ৰাছ]]ৰ বাহিৰেও এই অঞ্চলৰ প্ৰতিখন দেশতে<ref name="pewmuslim22" /> ইছলাম প্ৰধান ধৰ্ম। মুছলমানৰ একক সৰ্বাধিক জনসংখ্যা থকা দেশখন হৈছে দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া, যিয়ে নিজাববীয়াকৈ বিশ্বৰ ১৩% মুছলমানক আতিথ্য প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref name="Miller 2009, pp.8,17">{{cite web |last=Miller |first=Tracy |date=October 2009 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]] |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population |url=http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf |access-date=8 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010050756/http://pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf |archive-date=October 10, 2009 |pages=8, 17 |archivedate=25 July 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725120239/http://www.pewforum.org/newassets/images/reports/Muslimpopulation/Muslimpopulation.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়াৰ দেশসমূহৰ মুছলমানসকলে মিলি বিশ্বৰ তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম মুছলমান জনসংখ্যা গঠন কৰিছে। মালয় দ্বীপপুঞ্জৰ দেশসমূহত ব্ৰুনাই, ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া আৰু মালয়েছিয়াত মুছলমানসকলৰ সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ। প্ৰায় ১৫% মুছলমান উপ-চাহাৰা আফ্ৰিকাত বাস কৰে,<ref name="mgmpPRC">{{Harvtxt|Miller|2009}}</ref>{{page needed|date=April 2019}}<ref name="pewmuslim32" /><ref>Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Book of the Year 2003. Encyclopædia Britannica, (2003) {{ISBN|978-0-85229-956-2}} p.306 According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, as of mid-2002, there were 376,453,000 Christians, 329,869,000 Muslims and 98,734,000 people who practiced traditional religions in Africa. [http://www.bellbookandcandlepublications.com/greenwoodsvillage/gor/islam.php Ian S. Markham, (A World Religions Reader. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.)] is cited by Morehouse University as giving the mid-1990s figure of 278,250,800 Muslims in Africa, but still as 40.8% of the total population. These numbers are estimates, and remain a matter of conjecture. See Amadu Jacky Kaba. The spread of Christianity and Islam in Africa: a survey and analysis of the numbers and percentages of Christians, Muslims and those who practice indigenous religions. The Western Journal of Black Studies, Vol 29, Number 2, June 2005. Discusses the estimations of various almanacs and encyclopedium, placing Britannica's estimate as the most agreed figure. Notes the figure presented at the [http://www.afrikaworld.net/afrel/Statistics.htm World Christian Encyclopedia, summarized here], as being an outlier. On rates of growth, Islam and Pentecostal Christianity are highest, see: [https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=3835 The List: The World's Fastest-Growing Religions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711181533/http://www.bellbookandcandlepublications.com/greenwoodsvillage/gor/islam.php |date=11 July 2018}}, Foreign Policy, May 2007.</ref> আৰু [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ|আমেৰিকা]], [[ৰাছিয়া]], [[চীন]] আৰু [[ইউৰোপ]]তো বৃহৎ পৰিমাণৰ মুছলমান সম্প্ৰদায় পোৱা যায়।<ref name="pewmuslim12" /> পশ্চিম ইউৰোপত বহুতো মুছলমান অনুপ্ৰৱেশকাৰী সম্প্ৰদায় আছে য'ত [[ইছলাম]] [[খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্ম|খ্ৰীষ্টান]] ধৰ্মৰ পিছত দ্বিতীয় বৃহত্তম ধৰ্ম, য'ত ই মুঠ জনসংখ্যাৰ ৬% বা ২.৪ কোটি লোকক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰে।<ref>See: * Esposito (2004) pp.2,43 * {{cite encyclopedia|title=Islamic World|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |title=Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents |publisher=Adherents.com |access-date=9 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816004118/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |archive-date=2000-08-16 |url-status=usurped |archivedate=2007-07-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707044255/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html |deadurl=yes }} * {{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4385768.stm |title=Muslims in Europe: Country guide |date=23 December 2005 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC |access-date=28 September 2006 }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |title=Religion In Britain |date=13 February 2003 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |work=National Statistics |access-date=27 August 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312034628/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=293 |archive-date=12 March 2007 }}</ref> ==ধৰ্মগোষ্ঠীসমূহ== {{Main|ইছলাম ধৰ্মৰ ইতিহাস|মাজহাব}} [[ইছলাম]] [[ছুন্নী ইছলাম|ছুন্নী]] আৰু [[ছিয়া ইছলাম|ছিয়া]] নামৰ দুটা প্ৰধান ধৰ্মগোষ্ঠীত বিভক্ত। মুঠ মুছলমান জনসংখ্যাৰ ভিতৰত ৮৭–৯০% ছুনী আৰু ১০–১৩% ছিয়া। বেছিভাগ শ্বিয়া (৬৮%ৰপৰা ৮০%) মূলতঃ চাৰিখন দেশত বাস কৰে: [[ইৰান|ইৰাণ]], [[আজেৰবাইজান|আজাৰবাইজান]], [[বাহৰেইন]] আৰু [[ইৰাক]]।<ref name="PEW2009">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=Mapping the Global Muslim Population |date=7 October 2009 |access-date=10 December 2014}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি [[লেবানন]], [[ৰাছিয়া]], [[চীন]], [[পাকিস্তান]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] আৰু ১০খন উপ-চাহাৰা আফ্ৰিকান দেশত ছিয়া জনসংখ্যা কেন্দ্ৰীভূত হৈ আছে।<ref name="pewWorldsMuslims">{{cite web |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity |title=The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity – Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation |date=9 August 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> ইমামা-মুছলমান সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ প্ৰধান জীৱিত সম্প্ৰদায়সমূহ হ'ল উচুলিজম (মুঠ মুছলমান জনসংখ্যাৰ প্ৰায় ৮.৫%), নিজাৰী ইছমাইলিজম (প্ৰায় ১%) আৰু আলেভিজম (০.৫%তকৈ অলপ বেছি<ref>According to David Shankland, [[Alevism#Demographics|15% of Turkey's population.]] in ''Structure and Function in Turkish Society.'' Isis Press, 2006, p. 81.</ref> কিন্তু ১%তকৈ কম<ref name="Near East">According to Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi, ''Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East'' edited by her, B. Kellner-Heinkele, & A. Otter-Beaujean. Leiden: Brill, 1997.</ref>)। বৰ্তমানৰ আন আন গোটসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে [[য়েমেন]]ৰ জায়দী ছিয়া যাৰ জনসংখ্যা বিশ্বৰ মুছলমান জনসংখ্যাৰ প্ৰায় ০.৫%, মুস্তা’লি ইছমাইলী <ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main48.asp?filename=Ws220211BOHRASII.asp |title=Tehelka – India's Independent Weekly News Magazine |access-date=11 November 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071849/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main48.asp?filename=Ws220211BOHRASII.asp |url-status=dead}}</ref> (যাৰ টাইয়াবী অনুগামীসকল [[দক্ষিণ এছিয়া]]ৰ [[সিন্ধু সভ্যতা|সিন্ধ]] আৰু [[গুজৰাট]]ত বাস কৰে জনসংখ্যা ০.১৫% ৰ তলৰ স্তৰলৈ হ্ৰাস পাইছে।<ref name="paul">{{Cite conference |last=Paul |first=Eva |year=2006 |title=Die Dawoodi Bohras – eine indische Gemeinschaft in Ostafrika |url=https://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/afrikanistik/kant/data/PE1_kant1.pdf |conference=Beiträge zur 1. Kölner Afrikawissenschaftlichen Nachwuchstagung}}</ref>)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q78O1mjX2tMC&pg=PA61 |title=Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice |last=Simon Ross Valentine |date=6 October 2008 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-70094-8 |page=61}}</ref> (প্ৰায় ১%),<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgtgGhMUgIUC&pg=PA72 |title=Asian Religions in British Columbia |last1=Larry DeVries |last2=Don Baker |last3=Dan Overmyer |date=2011-01-01 |publisher=University of Columbia Press |isbn=978-0-7748-1662-5 |quote=The community currently numbers around 15 million spread around the world |access-date=29 March 2014}}</ref>অধৰ্মীয় মুছলমান, কোৰআনবাদী মুছলমান আৰু ৱাহাবী (বিশ্বৰ মুঠ মুছলমান জনসংখ্যাৰ প্ৰায় ১–২%)ও আছে।<ref>Destined Encounters – Page 203, Sury Pullat – 2014</ref> ২০১২ চনত পিউ ৰিচাৰ্চ চেণ্টাৰৰ এক অধ্যয়নত দেখা গৈছে যে বহু মুছলমানে (২২খন মুছলমান সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ দেশৰ ভিতৰত পাঁচটাৰ ভিতৰত এজনে) অসংখ্যাগত বা "কেৱল এজন মুছলমান" বুলি পৰিচয় দিয়ে।<ref name="pewWorldsMuslims"/> এই অসংখ্যাগত সংযোগ দক্ষিণ আৰু পূব ইউৰোপৰ লগতে মধ্য এছিয়াতো বেছিকৈ দেখা যায়, দক্ষিণ-পূব এছিয়া আৰু উপ-চাহাৰা আফ্ৰিকাত সংখ্যালঘু জনসংখ্যাৰ সৈতে। অধ্যয়নটোত দেখা গৈছে যে [[কাজাখাস্তান]]ৰ ৭৪%, [[আলবেনিয়া]]ৰ ৬৫%, [[কিৰগিজস্তান|কিৰ্গিস্তান]]ৰ ৬৪%, [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া]]ৰ ৫৬%, মালিৰ ৫৫% আৰু কেমেৰুণৰ ৪০% মুছলমানৰ মধ্যম শতাংশই এই ধৰণে চিনাক্ত কৰে।<ref name="pewWorldsMuslims"/> কিন্তু [[আফ্ৰিকা]], [[মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য]], [[দক্ষিণ এছিয়া]]ৰ কিছু অংশত ইয়াৰ প্ৰাদুৰ্ভাৱ বহু কম।<ref name="pewWorldsMuslims"/> == দেশসমূহ== {{update|country references|date= March 2025}} ২০২০ চনলৈকে মুছলমান সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ দেশ আছিল ৫৩খন।<ref name=number /> তলত দেখুওৱা প্ৰতিখন দেশৰ মুছলমান জনসংখ্যাৰ অধিকাংশই যদি অন্য ধৰণে উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই, তেন্তে ইউৰোপৰ মুছলমান জনসংখ্যাৰ বিষয়ে ৫টা তথ্যৰ পিউ ৰিচাৰ্চ চেণ্টাৰৰ প্ৰতিৱেদন ২০১৭ৰ অধ্যয়নৰপৰা লোৱা হৈছে।<ref name="pewmuslim12" /><ref name="pewmuslim7">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/ |title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe |last=Hackett |first=Conrade |date=2017-11-29 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=2019-04-26}}</ref> ===তালিকা=== {| class="wikitable sortable col2right col3right col4center col5center" cellspacing="4" ! দেশ/অঞ্চল ! মুঠ জনসংখ্যা ! data-sort-type="number"| মুছলিম জনসংখ্যা ! data-type="number" style="max-width:10em" | দেশত শতাংশ (%) ! data-sort-type=" style="max-width:10em" | পৃথিৱীত শতাংশ (%) ! উৎস |- |{{Flagicon|AFG}} [[আফগানিস্তানত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আফগানিস্তান]] |৩৭,১৩৫,০০০ |৩৭,০২৫,০০০ |style="background:#228B22; " |৯৯.৭ |২.০ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/ |title=South Asia :: Afghanistan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=4 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104184342/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/afghanistan/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|ALB}} [[আলবেনিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আলবেনিয়া]] |২,৪০২,১১৩ |১,২১৭,৩৬২ | style="background:#3CB371; " | ৫০.৭ |০.১ |<ref>[https://shqiptarja.com/uploads/ckeditor/667eb96647c4bcens-2023.pdf Census 2023]</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|ALG}} [[আলজেৰিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আলজেৰিয়া]] |৪৪,১৭৮,৮৮৪ |৪৩,৭৩৭,০৯৬ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৯.০ |২.৭ |<ref>{{Citation |title=Algeria |date=2022-10-25 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/algeria/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2022-10-28 |archivedate=2021-01-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104184359/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/algeria/#people-and-society }}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|American Samoa}} [[আমেৰিকান চমোৱাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আমেৰিকান চমোৱা]] |৫০,৮২৬ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/american-samoa/ |title=Australia – Oceania :: American Samoa — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=29 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129115310/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/american-samoa/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|AND}} [[আন্দৰাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আন্দৰা]] |৮৫,৭০৮ |২,২২৮ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|২.৬ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/ |title=Europe :: Andorra — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=6 July 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706110207/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2006/71365.htm |title=Andorra |work=U.S. Department of State |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|ANG}} [[আংগোলাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আংগোলা]] |৩০,৩৫৫,৮৮০ |৯০,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "| ০.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/angola/ |title=Africa :: Angola — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=11 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111204444/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/angola |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="pewforum.org">{{Cite news |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/table-muslim-population-by-country/ |title=Table: Muslim Population by Country |date=27 January 2011 |work=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |access-date=17 September 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Anguilla}} [[আংগুলিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আংগুলিয়া]] |১৭,৪২২ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৬ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/anguilla/ |title=Central America :: Anguilla — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=31 May 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531153542/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/anguilla/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Antigua and Barbuda}} [[এণ্টিগুৱা আৰু বাৰ্বুডাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|এণ্টিগুৱা আৰু বাৰ্বুডা]] |৮৪,৮১৬ |২০৮ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.২৫ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.ag/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Census-2011-Book-of-Statistical-Tables-I.pdf |title=2011 Population and Housing Census|publisher = Statistics Division, Ministry of Finance, the Economy, Public Administration, Public Broadcasting and Information |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|ARG}} [[আৰ্জেণ্টিনাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আৰ্জেণ্টিনা]] |৪৪,৬৯৪,১৯৮ |৪০০,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৯ |< ১.০ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/argentina/ |title=South America :: Argentina — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=17 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417040319/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/argentina/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="pewforum.org" /> |- |{{Flagicon|ARM}} [[আৰ্মেনিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আৰ্মেনিয়া]] |৩,০৩৮,২১৭ |১,০৩৮ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.০৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/ |title=Middle East :: Armenia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=4 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104184358/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/armenia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|ARU}} [[আৰুবাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আৰুবা]] |১১৬,৫৭৬ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৪ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/aruba/ |title=Central America :: Aruba — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109084020/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/aruba |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://knoema.com//aqcsmlb/muslim-population-in-the-world-2010-2030?tsId=1000210 |title=Muslim Population in the World, 2010-2030 - knoema.com |website=Knoema |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|AUS}} [[অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া]] |২৫,৭০০,০০০ |৮১৩,৩৯২ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৩.২ |< ০.২ |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://explore.data.abs.gov.au/vis?tm=religion%20%202021&pg=0&df%5Bds%5D=C21_ASGS&df%5Bid%5D=C21_G14_SA2&df%5Bag%5D=ABS&df%5Bvs%5D=1.0.0&pd=2021,&dq=..AUS..&ly%5Bcl%5D=SEXP&ly%5Brw%5D=RELP |website=explore.data.abs.gov.au |title=Census 2021, G14 Religious affiliation by sex, Main Statistical Areas Level 2 and up (SA2+) |access-date=2024-10-07 |archivedate=2024-11-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126121841/https://explore.data.abs.gov.au/vis?tm=religion%20%202021&pg=0&df%5Bds%5D=C21_ASGS&df%5Bid%5D=C21_G14_SA2&df%5Bag%5D=ABS&df%5Bvs%5D=1.0.0&pd=2021,&dq=..AUS..&ly%5Bcl%5D=SEXP&ly%5Brw%5D=RELP |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Austria}} [[অষ্ট্ৰিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|অষ্ট্ৰিয়া]] |৮,৯৩৫,৮০০ |৭৪৫,৬০০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৮.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religionsbekenntnis |url=https://www.statistik.at/statistiken/bevoelkerung-und-soziales/bevoelkerung/weiterfuehrende-bevoelkerungsstatistiken/religionsbekenntnis |access-date=2024-08-10 |website=STATISTIK AUSTRIA |language=de-AT}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[আজেৰবাইজানত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আজেৰবাইজান]] |১০,৩৫৩,২৯৬ |১০,০৭৩,৭৫৮ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৭.৩ |০.৫ |<ref>{{Citation |title=Azerbaijan |date=2022-10-19 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2022-10-27 |archivedate=2021-01-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127171042/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/azerbaijan/#people-and-society }}</ref> |- |{{Flagicon|BAH}} [[বাহামাছত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বাহামাছ]] |৩৩২,৬৩৪ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bahamas-the/ |title=Central America :: Bahamas, The — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=26 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126031906/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bahamas-the/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Bahrain}} [[বাহৰেইনত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বাহৰেইন]] |১,৫০১,৬৩৫ |১,১১১,৫৩৩ |style="background:#00A550; "|৭৪.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by Religion, Nationality and Sex - Census 2020 |url=https://www.data.gov.bh/explore/dataset/population-by-religion-nationality-and-sex-census-2020/table/ |access-date=2025-07-11 |website=Bahrain open data portal |language=}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[বাংলাদেশত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বাংলাদেশ]] |১৬৫,২০০,০০০ |১৫০,৮০০,০০০ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯১.০ |৯.২ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/ |title=South Asia :: Bangladesh — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=30 July 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730024842/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/256513.pdf|title=BANGLADESH 2015 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Barbados}} [[বাৰ্বাডোচত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বাৰ্বাডোচ]] |২৯৩,১৩১ |৪,৩৯৬ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|১.৫ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ |title=Central America :: Barbados — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=23 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123091149/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Belarus}} [[বেলাৰুছত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বেলাৰুছ]] |৯,৫২৭,৫৪৩ |৪৫,০০০ – ১০০,০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৫ – ১.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belarus/ |title=Europe :: Belarus — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109091720/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belarus/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://belarus.vneshintourist.net/?p=67&more=1&c=1 |title=BELARUS with VNESHINTOURIST Travel Agency -> MOHAMMEDANISM |date=12 March 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312091331/http://belarus.vneshintourist.net/?p=67&more=1&c=1 |archive-date=12 March 2007 |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=12 March 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312091331/http://belarus.vneshintourist.net/?p=67&more=1&c=1 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jt8rBgAAQBAJ&q=belarus+%22100000%22+muslims&pg=PA404|title=Islam Outside the Arab World| first1=Ingvar|last1=Svanberg|first2=David|last2=Westerlund|isbn=9781136113222|publisher=Routledge|page=404|date=1999}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Belgium}} [[বেলজিয়ামত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বেলজিয়াম]] |১১,৫৭০,৭৬২ |৮৭৯,৩৭৭ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৭.৬ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belgium/ |title=Europe :: Belgium — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109104644/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belgium/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="facts">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/17/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/ |title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe |website=Pew Research Center |access-date=24 January 2016 |archivedate=7 January 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107134627/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Belize}} [[বেলাইজত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বেলাইজ]] |৩৯৭,৪৮৩ |৪৮৪ | style="background:#D0F0C0; " |০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belize/ |title=Central America :: Belize — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109132306/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/belize/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Religions in Belize According to 2022 Census |url=https://sib.org.bz/wp-content/uploads/Religion_2022_web.pdf |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=Statistical Institute Belize}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Benin}} [[বেনিনত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বেনিন]] |১১,৩৪০,৫০৪ |৩,১৪১,৩১৯ |style="background:#74C365; "|২৭.৭ |০.১৪ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/benin/ |title=Africa :: Benin — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=28 December 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228150152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/benin/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Bermuda}} [[বাৰ্মুদাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বাৰ্মুদা]] |৭১,১৭৬ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|১.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bermuda/ |title=North America :: Bermuda — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202200/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bermuda |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- | {{flagicon|Bhutan}} [[ভূটানত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ভূটান]] |৭৬৬,৩৯৭ |≤ ২,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.২ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bhutan/ |title=South Asia :: Bhutan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=30 May 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530134529/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bhutan/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="pew2010">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130805151827/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf Pew Research Center – Global Religious Landscape 2010 – religious composition by country].{{dead link|date=April 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[বলিভিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বলিভিয়া]] |১১,৩০৬,৩৪১ |২,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bolivia/ |title=South America :: Bolivia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=27 September 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927041747/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bolivia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://almanac.afpc.org/Bolivia |title=Bolivia {{!}} The World Almanac of Islamism |website=almanac.afpc.org |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-date=14 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214213909/http://almanac.afpc.org/Bolivia |url-status=dead |archivedate=14 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214213909/http://almanac.afpc.org/Bolivia |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[বচনিয়া আৰু হাৰজেগ'ভিনাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বচনিয়া আৰু হাৰজেগ'ভিনা]] |৩,৮৪৯,৮৯১ |১,৯৫৫,০৮৪ |style="background:#3CB371; "|৫০.৭ |০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina/ |title=Europe :: Bosnia and Herzegovina — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=24 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124195757/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Botswana}} [[বৎচোৱানাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বৎচোৱানা]] |২,২৪৯,১০৪ |৮,৯৯৬ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৪ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |title=Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf|title=Botswana|access-date=17 December 2016|archive-date=10 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=10 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310101254/https://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-tables.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[ব্ৰাজিলত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ব্ৰাজিল]] |২১০,০০০,০০০ |৩৫,১৬৭ – ১,৫০০,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "| ০.০২ – ০.৭ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brazil/ |title=South America :: Brazil — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=12 August 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812124129/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brazil/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148738.htm |title=Brazil |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|British Virgin Islands}} [[ব্ৰিটিছ ভাৰ্জিন দ্বীপসমূহত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ব্ৰিটিছ ভাৰ্জিন দ্বীপসমূহ]] |৩৫,৮০২ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|১.২ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/british-virgin-islands/ |title=Central America :: British Virgin Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103648/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/british-virgin-islands |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Brunei}} [[ব্ৰুণেইত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ব্ৰুণেই]] |৪৬২,৭২১ |৩৭৯,৮৯৪ |style="background:#00993A; "|৮২.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/brunei/|title=Brunei — The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency|website=cia.gov|date=22 August 2024|access-date=14 December 2025|archivedate=21 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721102115/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[বুলগেৰিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বুলগেৰিয়া]] |৭,০৫৭,৫০৪ |৮৬১,০১৫ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১৩.৪ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bulgaria/ |title=Europe :: Bulgaria — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=22 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422080455/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bulgaria/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/table-muslim-population-by-country/ |title=Table: Muslim Population by Country |work=Pew Research Center |date=27 January 2011 |access-date=15 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} [[বাৰ্কিনা ফাছোত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বাৰ্কিনা ফাছো]] |২১,৩৮২,৬৫৯ |১৩,৫১৩,৮৪০ |style="background:#01A368; "|৬৩.৮ |০.৬ |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aib |first=Az |date=2022-07-01 |title=Burkina : 48,1% de la population du Sud-ouest pratique l'Animisme (officiel) |url=https://www.aib.media/2022/07/01/burkina-481-de-la-population-du-sud-ouest-pratique-lanimisme-officiel/ |access-date=2022-10-27 |website=AIB - Agence d'Information du Burkina |language=fr-FR |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030716/https://www.aib.media/2022/07/01/burkina-481-de-la-population-du-sud-ouest-pratique-lanimisme-officiel/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2023-03-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326030716/https://www.aib.media/2022/07/01/burkina-481-de-la-population-du-sud-ouest-pratique-lanimisme-officiel/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Burundi}} [[বুৰুণ্ডীত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বুৰুণ্ডী]] |১১,৮৪৪,৫২০ |১,১৮৪,৪৫২ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১০.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ |title=Africa :: Burundi — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=22 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122232849/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Burundi-RELIGIONS.html |title=Religions – Burundi |website=nationsencyclopedia.com |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[কম্বোডিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কম্বোডিয়া]] |১৫,৫৫২,২১১ |৩১১,০৪৪ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|২.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web|date=2019|title=General Population Census of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2019|url=https://nis.gov.kh/nis/Census2019/Final%20General%20Population%20Census%202019-English.pdf|website=National Institute of Statistics (Cambodia)}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[কেমেৰুণত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কেমেৰুণ]] |২৫,৬৪০,965 |7,692,289 | style="background:#7d7; "|30.0 |0.4 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/ |title=Africa :: Cameroon — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110023649/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cameroon/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://insamer.com/en/cameroon-muslims_1092.html |title=Cameroon Muslims |date=27 December 2017 |website=insamer.com |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-date=21 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121154025/http://insamer.com/en/cameroon-muslims_1092.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=21 November 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121154025/http://insamer.com/en/cameroon-muslims_1092.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Canada}} [[কানাডাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কানাডা]] |৩৬,৩২৮,৪৮০ |১,৭৭৫,৭১৫ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৪.৯ |০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/canada/ |title=North America :: Canada — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=22 September 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922212931/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/canada/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Cape Verde}} [[কেপ ভাৰ্ডেত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কেপ ভাৰ্ডে]] |৫৬৮,৩৭৩ |১১,৩৬৭ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|২.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cabo-verde/ |title=Africa :: Cabo Verde — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=14 January 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114115644/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cabo-verde/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="African Muslims">{{cite web |url=https://muslimsinafrica.wordpress.com/numbers-and-percentage-of-muslims-in-african-countries/ |title=Numbers and Percentage of Muslims in African Countries |date=14 February 2013 |website=Research on Islam and Muslims in Africa |access-date=25 January 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Cayman Islands}} [[কেমেন দ্বীপপুঞ্জত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কেমেন দ্বীপপুঞ্জ]] |৫৯,৬১৩ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.২ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cayman-islands/ |title=Central America :: Cayman Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=13 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113103808/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cayman-islands/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Central African Republic}} [[চেণ্ট্ৰেল আফ্ৰিকান ৰিপাব্লিকত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|চেণ্ট্ৰেল আফ্ৰিকান ৰিপাব্লিক]] |৫,৭৪৫,০৬২ |৮৬১,৭৫৯ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১৫.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/central-african-republic/ |title=Africa :: Central African Republic — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=24 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ct.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Chad}} [[চাদত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|চাদ]] |১৫,৮৩৩,১১৬ |৯,১৮৩,২০৭ |style="background:#3CB371; "|৫৮.০ |০.৪ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad/ |title=Africa :: Chad — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=26 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032225/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chad/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="African Muslims" /> |- |{{flagicon|Chile}} [[চিলিত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|চিলি]] |১৭,৯২৫,২৬২ |৪,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chile/ |title=South America :: Chile — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109224147/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/chile/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vocfm.co.za/islam-alive-in-chile/ |title=Islam alive in Chile |date=13 March 2015 |website=Voice of the Cape |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402015334/https://www.vocfm.co.za/islam-alive-in-chile/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=2 April 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402015334/https://www.vocfm.co.za/islam-alive-in-chile/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|China}} [[চীনত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|চীন]] |১,৩৯০,০০০,০০০ |৬,২৫৫,০০০ – ৫০০,০০০,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৪৫ – ৩.০ |০.৪ – ২.৮ |<ref name="CFPS2014">For [[China Family Panel Studies]] 2017 survey results see [https://ww4.sinaimg.cn/orj360/b8bd941fjw1fau6hf2hv4j20jg09rwff.jpg release #1] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20170225053713/http://image101.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2016/12/0603/86161911_1 archived]) and [http://www.isss.edu.cn/cfps/EN/enNews/CFPSNews/2016news/2016-12-30/307.html release #2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225211353/http://www.isss.edu.cn/cfps/EN/enNews/CFPSNews/2016news/2016-12-30/307.html |date=2017-02-25 }}(). The tables also contain the results of CFPS 2012 (sample 20,035) and Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) results for 2006, 2008 and 2010 (samples ~10.000/11,000). Also see, for comparison CFPS 2012 data in {{Cite journal |last=Lu 卢 |first=Yunfeng 云峰 |year=2014 |title=卢云峰：当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS（2012）调查数据 |trans-title=Report on Religions in Contemporary China – Based on CFPS (2012) Survey Data |url=http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf |journal=World Religious Cultures |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809051625/http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2014 |number=1 |access-date=14 December 2025 |archivedate=9 August 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809051625/http://iwr.cass.cn/zjwh/201403/W020140303370398758556.pdf |deadurl=yes }} p. 13, reporting the results of the CGSS 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011, and their average (fifth column of the first table).</ref><ref>Data from: Yang Zongde, ''Study on Current Muslim Population in China'', Jinan Muslim, 2, 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: China — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=20 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220073104/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/China/Religion |title=China Religion Facts & Stats |website=nationmaster.com |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Refworld 2010">{{cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cf2d0a85c.html |title=Refworld – 2010 Report on International Religious Freedom – China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau) |last=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |website=Refworld |access-date=14 February 2015}}</ref> |- |[[File:Flag of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (WFB 2000).jpg|thump|23px]] [[ক'ক'চ (কীলিং) দ্বীপপুঞ্জত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ক'ক'চ (কীলিং) দ্বীপপুঞ্জ]] |৫৯৩ |৩৮৯ |style="background:#01A368; "|৬৬.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |title=Census All PErsons Quick Stats |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/POA6799 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |access-date=5 February 2024}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Colombia}} [[কলোম্বিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কলোম্বিয়া]] |৪৮,১৬৮,৯৯৬ |৯৬,৩৩৭ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "| ০.২ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/colombia/ |title=South America :: Colombia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=18 June 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618105825/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/colombia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://colombiareports.co/colombias-religious-minorities-muslim-community/ |title=Colombia's religious minorities: the growing Muslim community |date=23 January 2014 |website=Colombia News – Colombia Reports |access-date=14 February 2015 |archivedate=17 February 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217123240/http://colombiareports.co/colombias-religious-minorities-muslim-community/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Comoros}} [[কমোৰোচত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কমোৰোচ]] |৮২১,১৬৪ |৮০৭,২০৪ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৮.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/comoros/ |title=Africa :: Comoros — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110042946/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/comoros |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} [[কংগো গণতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ দেশত ইছলাম|কংগো গণতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ]] |৮৫,২৮১,০২৪ |১২,৭৯২,১৫৩ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১০.০ |০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |title=Africa :: Congo, Democratic Republic of the — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=22 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222023329/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/congo-democratic-republic-of-the/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://insamer.com/en/muslims-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-drc_1090.html |title=Muslims of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) |date=27 December 2017 |website=insamer.com |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-date=5 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105114828/http://insamer.com/en/muslims-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-drc_1090.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=5 November 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105114828/http://insamer.com/en/muslims-of-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-drc_1090.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Cook Islands}} [[কুক দ্বিপপুঞ্জত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কুক দ্বিপপুঞ্জ]] |৯,০৩৮ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cook-islands/ |title=Australia – Oceania :: Cook Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110010827/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cook-islands |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Costa Rica}} [[কোষ্টা ৰিকাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কোষ্টা ৰিকা]] |৪,৯৮৭,১৪২ |১৫০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-01 |title=El islam en la tierra del gallo pinto |url=https://www.nacion.com/el-mundo/el-islam-en-la-tierra-del-gallo-pinto/V4G7UQ2VVRCJVLDRQTO7C7V56E/story/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=La Nación |language=es}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Ivory Coast}} [[আইভৰি ক'ষ্টত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আইভৰি ক'ষ্ট]] |২৬,২৬০,৫৮২ |১১,২৬৫,৭৮৯ |style="background:#50C878; "|৪২.৯ |০.৫ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cote-divoire/ |title=Africa :: Cote d'Ivoire — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109221218/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cote-divoire |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Croatia}} [[কোৰাটীয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কোৰাটীয়া]] |৩,৮৭১,৮৩৩ |৫০,৯৮১ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|১.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/croatia/ |title=Europe :: Croatia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=16 February 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216034630/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/croatia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Cuba}} [[কিউবাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কিউবা]] |১১,১১৬,৩৯৬ |১১,১১৬ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/ |title=Central America :: Cuba — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=12 August 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170744/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Cyprus}} [[চাইপ্ৰাছত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|চাইপ্ৰাছ]] |১,১০০,০০০ |২৭৫,০০০ |style="background:#74C365; "|২৫.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/cyprus/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020 |title=Cyprus |website=globalreligiousfutures.org |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[চেক গণৰাজ্যত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|চেক গণৰাজ্য]] |১০,৬৮৬,২৬৯ |১০,০০০ – ২০,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.১ – ০.২ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/czechia/ |title=Europe :: Czechia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=13 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413003102/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/czechia |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name=facts/> |- |{{flagicon|Denmark}} [[ডেনমাৰ্কত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ডেনমাৰ্ক]] |৫,৮০৯,৫০২ |৩১৩,৭১৩ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৫.৪ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/ |title=Europe :: Denmark — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=5 July 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705032013/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="facts" /> |- |{{flagicon|Djibouti}} [[দিজীবৌটিত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|দিজীবৌটি]] |১,০০৩,৮০০ |৯৯৮,২৭৩ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৯.৪ |০.১ |<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/instad-dj.appspot.com/o/RGPH/0/Tome%204_Caract%C3%A9ristiques%20socioculturelles%20de%20la%20population_Rapport%20provisoire_25062025.pdf?alt=media&token=d1969346-b1a9-441f-b1ad-93177b52e8d7 |title=CARACTERISTIQUES SOCIOCULTURELLES DE LA POPULATION |trans-title=SOCIOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION |date=2024 |publisher=INSTAD |language=French |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250702173805/https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/instad-dj.appspot.com/o/RGPH%2F0%2FTome%204_Caract%C3%A9ristiques%20socioculturelles%20de%20la%20population_Rapport%20provisoire_25062025.pdf?alt=media&token=d1969346-b1a9-441f-b1ad-93177b52e8d7#expand |archive-date=2025-07-02 |url-status=dead |access-date=2025-12-14 |archivedate=2025-07-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250702173805/https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/instad-dj.appspot.com/o/RGPH%2F0%2FTome%204_Caract%C3%A9ristiques%20socioculturelles%20de%20la%20population_Rapport%20provisoire_25062025.pdf?alt=media&token=d1969346-b1a9-441f-b1ad-93177b52e8d7 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Dominica}} [[ড'মিনিকাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ড'মিনিকা]] |৭৪,০২৭ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.২ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominica/ |title=Central America :: Dominica — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=24 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124230138/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominica/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} [[ড'মিনিকান প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ড'মিনিকান প্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰ]] |১০,২৯৮,৭৫৬ |২,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominican-republic/ |title=Central America :: Dominican Republic — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=30 July 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730042746/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominican-republic/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dr1.com/articles/islam.shtml |title=Islam in the Dominican Republic |website=dr1.com |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-date=18 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618073416/http://dr1.com/articles/islam.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Ecuador}} [[ইকুৱেডৰত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইকুৱেডৰ]] |১৬,৪৯৮,৫০২ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ecuador/ |title=South America :: Ecuador — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110072816/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ecuador |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.muslimpopulation.com/America/Ecuador/Islam20in20Ecuador.php |title=Islam in Ecuador [wiki] |website=muslimpopulation.com |access-date=14 December 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Egypt}} [[ইজিপ্তত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইজিপ্ত]] |৯৫,০০০,০০০ |৮৫,০০০,০০০ – ৯০,০০০,০০০ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯০.০ – ৯৪.৭ |৪.৯ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/ |title=Africa :: Egypt — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=4 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104191953/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/table-muslim-population-by-country/ |title=Table: Muslim Population by Country |work=Pew Research Center |date=27 January 2011 |access-date=13 December 2018 }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[এল চালভাড’ৰত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|এল চালভাড’ৰ]] |৬,১৮৭,২৭১ |১৮,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.২৮ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/ |title=Central America :: El Salvador — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=7 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507021641/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/El-Salvador/Religion |title=El Salvador Religion Facts & Stats |website=nationmaster.com |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Orantes |first1=Diana |title="Los árabes son una raza, musulmán es el que acepta el islam" |url=https://historico.elsalvador.com/historico/642079/los-arabes-son-una-raza-musulman-es-el-que-acepta-el-islam.html |website=Elsalvador.com |date=21 September 2019 |publisher=El Diario de Hoy |access-date=16 August 2021}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Equatorial Guinea}}[[বিষুৱীয় গিনিত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|বিষুৱীয় গিনি]] |৭৯৭,৪৫৭ |৭৯,৭৪৫ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১০.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea/ |title=Africa :: Equatorial Guinea — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235259/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://insamer.com/en/muslims-of-equatorial-guinea_1082.html |title=Muslims of Equatorial Guinea |date=22 December 2017 |website=insamer.com |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125084319/http://insamer.com/en/muslims-of-equatorial-guinea_1082.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=25 November 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125084319/http://insamer.com/en/muslims-of-equatorial-guinea_1082.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Eritrea}} [[ইৰিত্ৰিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইৰিত্ৰিয়া]] |৬,০০০,০০০ |২,১৬০,০০০ – ৩,১০০,০০০ | style="background:#7d7; "|৩৬.০ – ৫১.৬ |০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2050/percent/all/ |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050 |date=2 April 2015 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=26 October 2017 |archive-date=26 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026213925/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2050/percent/all/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |title=Africa :: Eritrea — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=21 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121011902/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eritrea/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://acs-italia.org/wp-content/uploads/Eritrea.pdf|title=Eritrea|access-date=18 August 2018|archive-date=12 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083038/https://acs-italia.org/wp-content/uploads/Eritrea.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=12 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412083038/https://acs-italia.org/wp-content/uploads/Eritrea.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Estonia}} [[এষ্ট’নিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|এষ্ট’নিয়া]] |১,২৪৪,২৮৮ |১,৫০৮ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/estonia/ |title=Europe :: Estonia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=29 September 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929053321/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/estonia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Eswatini}} [[স্বাজিলেণ্ডত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|স্বাজিলেণ্ড]] |৩০০,০০০ |৬,০০০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|২.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/eswatini/|title=Eswatini|publisher=CIA World Factbook|access-date=6 May 2020|archivedate=31 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181231101755/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/wz.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[ইথিঅ’পিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইথিঅ’পিয়া]] |১১০,৮৭১,০৩১ |৩৪,৭০২,৬৩২ | style="background:#7d7; "|৩১.৩ |১.৮ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ethiopia/ |title=Ethiopia— The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=3 June 2021 |archivedate=21 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421154941/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ethiopia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Faroe Islands}} [[ফাৰো দ্বীপপুঞ্জত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ফাৰো দ্বীপপুঞ্জ]] |৩৭,৯৬৫ |২৩ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.০৬ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://statbank.hagstova.fo/pxweb/en/H2/H2__MT__MT10__MT1001/MT321.px/|title=2011 census - MT10.1.1 Religion by age, sex and district |publisher=Statistics Faroe Islands|access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/faroe-islands/ |title=Europe :: Faroe Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110004755/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/faroe-islands |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Falkland Islands}} [[ফাল্কলেণ্ড দ্বীপপুঞ্জত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ফাল্কলেণ্ড দ্বীপপুঞ্জ]] |৩,১৯৮ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/falkland-islands-islas-malvinas/ |title=South America :: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109093604/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/falkland-islands-islas-malvinas |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Federated States of Micronesia}} [[মাইক্ৰ’নেছিয়া যুক্তৰাজ্যত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মাইক্ৰ’নেছিয়া যুক্তৰাজ্য]] |১০৩,৬৪৩ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/micronesia-federated-states-of/ |title=Australia – Oceania :: Micronesia, Federated States of — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=26 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126143854/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/micronesia-federated-states-of/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Fiji}} [[ফিজিত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ফিজি]] |৯২৬,২৭৬ |৫৮,৩৫৫ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৬.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/fiji/ |title=Australia – Oceania :: Fiji — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=27 August 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827055140/https://www.cia.gov/the |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Finland}} [[ফিনলেণ্ডত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ফিনলেণ্ড]] |৫,৬০৮,০০০ |১৪০,০০০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|২.৫ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web|last=Joki|first=Niklas|title=Muslimeja on Vaasassa niin paljon, että tilat käyvät ahtaiksi – yhteisö haluaisi ostaa kirkon ja tehdä siitä moskeijan|website=yle.fi|publisher=Yleisradio Oy|date=October 31, 2024|url=https://yle.fi/a/74-20119795|access-date=March 20, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|title=Presentation at OSCE's annual conference on addressing anti-Semitism|website=piispakaisamarihintikka.fi|publisher=|date=February 11, 2025|url=https://www.piispakaisamarihintikka.fi/puheet/presentation-at-osces-annual-conference-on-addressing-anti-semitism/|access-date=March 20, 2025}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|France}} [[ফ্ৰান্সত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ফ্ৰান্স]] |৬৭,০০০,০০০ |৬,৭০০,০০০ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১০.০ |০.৩ |<ref name="facts"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious diversity in France: intergenerational transmissions and practices by origins − Immigrants and descendants of immigrants {{!}} Insee |url=https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/7342918?sommaire=7344042 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www.insee.fr}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|French Guiana}} [[ফ্ৰান্স গুৱানাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ফ্ৰান্স গুৱানা]] |২৮১,৬১২ |২,৪০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৯ |< ০.১ |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|French Polynesia}} [[ফ্ৰান্স পলিনেছিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ফ্ৰান্স পলিনেছিয়া]] |২৯০,৩৭৩ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/french-polynesia/ |title=Australia – Oceania :: French Polynesia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=15 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415181639/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/french-polynesia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Gabon}} [[গেবনত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গেবন]] |২,১১৯,০৩৬ |২১১,৯০৩ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১০.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gabon/ |title=Africa :: Gabon — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=18 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318205257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/equatorial-guinea |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148690.htm |title=Gabon |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Gambia}} [[গাম্বিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গাম্বিয়া]] |২,৪১৩,৪০৩ |২,২৮৩,০৮০ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৬.৪ |০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gambia-the/ |title=Africa :: Gambia, The — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=3 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210403011250/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gambia-the/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Georgia}} [[জৰ্জিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|জৰ্জিয়া]] |৩,৭১৩,৮০৪ |৩৯৮,৬৭৭ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১০.৭ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://geostat.ge/media/44724/22_Population-by-regions-and-religion.xls |title=Population by regions and religion |date=2014 |publisher=[[National Statistics Office of Georgia|National Statistics Office]]}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Germany}} [[জাৰ্মানীত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|জাৰ্মানী]] |৮৩,১০০,০০০ |<abbr>৫</abbr>,৩০০,০০০ – ৫,৬০০,০০০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "| ৬.৪ – ৬.৭ |০.২ |<ref name="pewmuslim7" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/DE/Publikationen/WorkingPapers/wp71-zahl-muslime-deutschland.pdf?__blob=publicationFile7CStudy |title=BAMF – Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge – Publikationen – Wie viele Muslime leben in Deutschland? |website=bamf.de |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218010934/http://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/DE/Publikationen/WorkingPapers/wp71-zahl-muslime-deutschland.pdf?__blob=publicationFile7CStudy |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bamf.de/SharedDocs/Anlagen/EN/Forschung/Forschungsberichte/fb38-muslimisches-leben.html |title=BAMF – Kurzfassung zur Studie 'Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland 2020' |website=bamf.de |access-date=3 June 2021}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Ghana}} [[ঘানাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ঘানা]] |৩২,৩৭২,৮৮৯ |৬,৪৪২,২০৫ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১৯.৯ |০.২ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ghana/ |title=Africa :: Ghana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109003331/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ghana/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="African Muslims" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://statsghana.gov.gh/gsspublications.php?category=OTc2NDgyNTUzLjkzMDU=/webstats/p9r0796n5o |title=Ghana Statistical Services |publisher=Statsghana.gov.gh |date= |access-date=2022-03-02 |archivedate=2022-03-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308080959/https://statsghana.gov.gh/gsspublications.php?category=OTc2NDgyNTUzLjkzMDU=/webstats/p9r0796n5o |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Gibraltar}} [[গিব্ৰালটাৰত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গিব্ৰালটাৰ]] |৩২,১৯৪ |১,১৬৬ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৩.৬ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gibraltar/ |title=Europe :: Gibraltar — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=12 June 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612151438/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gibraltar/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/sites/default/files/HMGoG_Documents/Full%20Census%20Report%202012%20FINAL.pdf|title=Gibraltar Full Census Report 2012}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Greece}} [[গ্ৰীচত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গ্ৰীচ]] |১০,৭৬১,৫২৩ |২১৫,২৩০ – ৩১৩,৪০৬ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|২.০ – ৩.৭ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greece/ |title=Europe :: Greece — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109063832/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greece/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="facts" /> |- |{{flagicon|Greenland}} [[গ্ৰীনলেণ্ডত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গ্ৰীনলেণ্ড]] |৫৭,৬৯১ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/ |title=North America :: Greenland — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109162939/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/greenland/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Grenada}} [[গ্ৰেনেডাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গ্ৰেনেডা]] |১১২,২০৭ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/ |title=Central America :: Grenada — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=11 August 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811231159/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/grenada/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Guadeloupe}} [[গুৱাদেলৌপত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গুৱাদেলৌপ]] |৪০২,১১৯ |২,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৪ |< ০.১ |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Guam}} [[গুৱামত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গুৱাম]] |১৬৭,৭৭২ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guam/ |title=Australia – Oceania :: Guam — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=26 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164717/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guam/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Guatemala}} [[গুৱেটমালাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গুৱেটমালা]] |১৬,৫৮১,২৭৩ |১,২০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guatemala/ |title=Central America :: Guatemala — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=16 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416041152/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guatemala/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.prensalibre.com/pl/domingo/archivo/revistad/2005/junio05/050605/dfondo.shtml prensalibre.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101092715/http://www.prensalibre.com/pl/domingo/archivo/revistad/2005/junio05/050605/dfondo.shtml |date=1 November 2009 }} (in Spanish)</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Guinea}} [[গুইনিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গুইনিয়া]] |১১,৮৫৫,৪১১ |১০,৫৬৩,১৭১ |style="background:#00993A; "|৮৯.১ |০.৫ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea/ |title=Africa :: Guinea — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=10 September 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910203013/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Guinea-Bissau}} [[গুইনিয়া-বিচ্চাওত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গুইনিয়া-বিচ্চাও]] |১,৯৭৬,১৮৭ |৯১১,০২৩ |style="background:#50C878; "|৪৬.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/ |title=Africa :: Guinea-Bissau — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110022253/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea-bissau/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Guyana}} [[গুৱানাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|গুৱানা]] |৭৪০,৬৮৫ |৫৫,০০০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৭.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/CensusReport2002.pdf |title=The Republic of Guyana: The Census Road |last=Benjamin |first=Lennox |date=2002 |website=Bureau of Statistics |page=7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101024759/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/CensusReport2002.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2017}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Haiti}} [[হাইটিত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|হাইটি]] |১০,৭৮৮,৪৪০ |৫,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/ |title=Central America :: Haiti — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209014627/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.islamawareness.net/LatinAmerica/Haiti/ |title=Islam and Muslims in Haiti |website=islamawareness.net |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Honduras}} [[হন্দুৰাছত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|হন্দুৰাছ]] |৯,১৮২,৭৬৬ |৩০,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/honduras/ |title=Central America :: Honduras — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=11 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411181209/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/honduras/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Hong Kong}} [[হংকংত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|হংকং]] |৭,২১৩,৩৩৮ |২৯৫,৭৪৬ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৪.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hong-kong/ |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Hong Kong — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=16 September 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250916113919/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hong-kong/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/religion.pdf|title=Hong Kong}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[হাংগেৰীত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|হাংগেৰী]] |৯,৮২৫,৭০৪ |৪০,০০০ – ৬০,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৪ – ০.৬ |< ০.১ |<ref name=facts/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hungary/ |title=Europe :: Hungary — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=12 August 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812150943/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/hungary/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Hungary/Religion |title=Hungary Religion Facts & Stats |website=nationmaster.com |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[আইচলেণ্ডত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আইচলেণ্ড]] |৩৪৩,৫১৮ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.২ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iceland/ |title=Europe :: Iceland — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=23 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210523194636/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iceland/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="IcelandIslam">{{cite web |url=http://www.statice.is/?PageID=1180&src=/temp_en/Dialog/varval.asp?ma=MAN1000126ti=Populations+by+religious+organizations+19982D2012+++++++26path=../Database/mannfjoldi/Trufelog/26lang=126units=Number |title=Populations by religious organizations 1998–2013 |publisher=[[Statistics Iceland]] |location=Reykjavík, Iceland}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|India}} [[ভাৰতত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ভাৰত]] |১,৩৭০,০০০,০০০ |২০০,০০০,০০০ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১৪.৬ |১০.৯ |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/muslim-population-in-india.html|title=Muslim Population in India – Muslims in Indian States|website=www.indiaonlinepages.com|access-date=2017-10-04|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908034112/http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/muslim-population-in-india.html|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[ইণ্ডোনেছিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইণ্ডোনেছিয়া]] |২৮৬,৭০০,০০০ |২৪৯,৮০০,০০০ |style="background:#00993A; "|৮৭.১ |১২.২ |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dataindonesia.id/varia/detail/data-jumlah-penduduk-indonesia-menurut-agama-pada-semester-i2025|title=data-jumlah-penduduk-indonesia-menurut-agama-pada-semester-i2025|publisher= dataindonesia|date=1 September 2025|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=22 October 2025|language=id|quote=}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Iran}} [[ইৰাণত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইৰাণ]] |৮৫,৯৬১,০০০ |৮৫,৭০০,০০০ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৯.৪ |৪.৬ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |title=Middle East :: Iran — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=5 May 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505102855/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Iraq}} [[ইৰাকত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইৰাক]] |৪০,৪৬২,৭০১ |৩৮,৪৩৯,৫৬৬ – ৩৯,৬৫৩,৪৪৭ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৫.০ – ৯৮.০ |১.৯ |<ref>{{Citation |title=Iraq |date=2022-10-26 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iraq/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2022-10-28 |archivedate=2022-11-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110151312/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iraq/#people-and-society }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[আয়াৰলেণ্ডত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আয়াৰলেণ্ড]] |৫,০৬৮,০৫০ |৭০,৯৫২ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|১.৪ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ireland/ |title=Europe :: Ireland — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109164445/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ireland/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name=facts/> |- |{{flagicon|Isle of Man}} [[আইল অৱ মেনত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|আইল অৱ মেন]] |৮৪,০৬৯ |৩৯৩ | style="background:#D0F0C0; " |০.৫ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=2021 Isle of Man Census Report Part I |url=https://www.gov.im/media/1375604/2021-01-27-census-report-part-i-final-2.pdf |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=Government of Isle of Man}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Israel}} [[ইজৰাইলত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইজৰাইল]] |৮,৪২৪,৯০৪ |১,৫১৬,৪৮২ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১৮.০ |০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/ |title=Middle East :: Israel — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109203809/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2016/nea/268894.htm |title=Israel and The Occupied Territories |website=U.S. Department of State |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816032708/https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2016/nea/268894.htm |archive-date=16 August 2017 |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Italy}} [[ইটালীত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ইটালী]] |৬২,২৪৬,৬৭৪ |২,৯৮৭,৮৪০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৪.৮ |০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/ |title=Europe :: Italy — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=1 July 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701235642/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/italy/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name=facts/> |- |{{flagicon|Jamaica}} [[জামাইকাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|জামাইকা]] |২,৮১২,০৯০ |৫,৬২৪ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.২ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica/ |title=Central America :: Jamaica — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=11 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111023238/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jamaica |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Jamaica/Religion |title=Jamaica Religion Facts & Stats |website=nationmaster.com |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Japan}} [[জাপানত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|জাপান]] |১২৬,০০০,০০০ |১৮৫,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/japan/ |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Japan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=5 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105105736/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/japan/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/table-muslim-population-by-country/ |title=Table: Muslim Population by Country |work=Pew Research Center |date=27 January 2011 |access-date=14 December 2018 }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Jordan}} [[জৰ্ডানত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|জৰ্ডান]] |১০,৪৫৮,৪১৩ |১০,১৬৫,৫৭৭ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৭.২ |০.৪ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jordan/ |title=Middle East :: Jordan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=3 June 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603094219/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/jordan/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[কাজাখাস্তানত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কাজাখাস্তান]] |১৮,৭৪৪,৫৪৮ |১৩,১৫৮,৬৭২ |style="background:#00A550; "|৭০.২ |০.৫ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/ |title=Central Asia :: Kazakhstan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109132304/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[কেনিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কেনিয়া]] |৪৮,৩৯৭,৫২৭ |৫,৫০০,০০০ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১১.২ |০.২ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |title=Africa :: Kenya — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 March 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230309165257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Kiribati}} [[কিৰিবাছত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কিৰিবাছ]] |১০৯,৩৬৭ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kiribati/ |title=Australia – Oceania :: Kiribati — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=4 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143718/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kiribati/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Kosovo}} [[কচভ'ত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কচভ']] |১,৫৮৫,৫৬৬ |১,৪৮২,২৭৬ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৩.৫ |০.১ |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kosovo 2024|url=https://askapi.rks-gov.net/Custom/31bc24d2-45e4-4eb5-a567-405f4bdd197f.pdf |access-date=2025-03-04}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Kuwait}} [[কুৱেইটত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কুৱেইট]] |২,৯১৬,৪৬৭ |২,১৭৫,৬৮৫ |style="background:#00A550; "|৭৪.৬ |০.২ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kuwait/ |title=Middle East :: Kuwait — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110072824/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kuwait/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Kyrgyzstan}} [[কিৰগিজস্তানত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|কিৰগিজস্তান]] |৬,৫০০,০০০ |৫,২০০,০০০ – ৫,৮৫০,০০০ |style="background:#00993A; "|৮০.০ – ৯০.০ |০.৩ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan/ |title=Central Asia :: Kyrgyzstan — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=19 April 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419185252/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kyrgyzstan |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2004/35464.htm |title=Kyrgyzstan |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Laos}} [[লাউচত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|লাউচ]] |৭,২৩৪,১৭১ |১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/laos/ |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Laos — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=7 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307193820/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/laos/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Laos/Religion |title=Laos Religion Facts & Stats |website=nationmaster.com |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Latvia}} [[লাটভিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|লাটভিয়া]] |১,৯২৩,৫৫৯ |২,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.১ – ০.২ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/latvia/ |title=Europe :: Latvia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109203805/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/latvia |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Latvia/Religion |title=Latvia Religion Facts & Stats |website=nationmaster.com |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[লেবাননত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|লেবানন]] |৫,২৬১,৩৭২ |৩,৫৬৭,২১১ |style="background:#01A368; "|৬৭.৮ |০.২ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lebanon/ |title=Middle East :: Lebanon — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=11 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111113708/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lebanon/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Lesotho}} [[লেছথ'ত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|লেছথ']] |১,৯৬২,৪৬১ |৩,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ |title=Africa :: Lesotho — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=2 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102150309/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lesotho/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Liberia}} [[লাইবেৰিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|লাইবেৰিয়া]] |৪,৮০৯,৭৬৮ |৯৬১,৯৫৩ |style="background:#74C365; "|২০.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/liberia/ |title=Africa :: Liberia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=19 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319020318/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/liberia |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2004/35365.htm |title=Liberia |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Libya}} [[লিবিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|লিবিয়া]] |৬,৭৫৪,৫০৭ |৬,৫৫১,৮৭১ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৭.০ |০.৪ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya/ |title=Africa :: Libya — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235257/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/libya |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2003/24457.htm |title=Libya |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} [[লাইচটেনষ্টাইনত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|লাইচটেনষ্টাইন]] |৩৮,০০০ |২,০৫০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৫.৪ |< ০.১ |<ref name="r2">{{cite web |url=https://www.llv.li/files/as/pdf-llv-as-vz_2010_bd1 |title=Volkszählung 2010 |website=Llv.li |access-date=3 August 2017 |archivedate=24 July 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220724003645/https://www.llv.li/files/as/pdf-llv-as-vz_2010_bd1 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[লিথুৱানীয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|লিথুৱানিয়া]] |২,৭৯৩,২৮৪ |৩,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/ |title=Europe :: Lithuania — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=22 June 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622180812/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/lithuania/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.truelithuania.com/sunni-islam-in-lithuania-108 |title=Sunni Islam in Lithuania {{!}} True Lithuania |website=truelithuania.com |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Luxembourg}} [[লাক্সেমবাৰ্গত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|লাক্সেমবাৰ্গ]] |৬৪০,০০০ |১৫,০০০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|2.3 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/luxembourg/ |title=Europe :: Luxembourg — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109075735/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/luxembourg |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/archives/ebs/ebs_393_en.pdf|title=Luxembourg}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Macau}} [[মাকাওত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মাকাও]] |৬০৬,৩৪০ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau/ |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Macau — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=24 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124190003/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/macau/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.muslim2china.com/china-mosques/list-Macau-1.html |title=Mosques in Macau |website=muslim2china.com |access-date=14 December 2018 |archive-date=26 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326133320/https://www.muslim2china.com/china-mosques/list-Macau-1.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=26 March 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326133320/https://www.muslim2china.com/china-mosques/list-Macau-1.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Madagascar}} [[মাদাগাস্কাৰত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মাদাগাস্কাৰ]] |২৫,৬৮৩,৬১০ |২,৫৬৮,৩৬১ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১০.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/madagascar/ |title=Africa :: Madagascar — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=14 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214064652/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/madagascar/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2005/51481.htm |title=Madagascar |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Malawi}} [[মালাৱীত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মালাৱী]] |১৯,৮৪২,৫৬০ |৩,৯৬৮,৫১২ |style="background:#74C365; "|২০.০ |০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/ |title=Africa :: Malawi — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=4 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143332/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malawi/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rippleafrica.org/a-charity-in-malawi-africa/malawi-facts-and-figures |title=Malawi Facts and Figures {{!}} RIPPLE Africa |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[মালয়েছিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মালয়েছিয়া]] |৩২,৭৩০,০০০ |২০,০৬৩,৫০০ |style="background:#01A368; "|৬৩.৫ |১.১ |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=430&bul_id=aFYzVjJ3anNyQytHZGxzcUZxTG9Ydz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|title=Demographic Statistics First Quarter 2020, Malaysia|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|date=14 May 2020|access-date=12 June 2020|archivedate=12 June 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190612030522/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=430&bul_id=aFYzVjJ3anNyQytHZGxzcUZxTG9Ydz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia/ |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Malaysia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=8 November 2021 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20211108232943/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Maldives}} [[মালদ্বীপত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মালদ্বীপ]] |৩৭৪,৭৭৫ |৩৭৪,৭৭৫ |style="background:#258d25; "|১০০.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/maldives#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 | title=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center | access-date=11 December 2022 | archive-date=22 May 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522204137/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/maldives#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 | url-status=dead | archivedate=22 May 2016 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522204137/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/maldives#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 | deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Mali}} [[মালিত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মালি]] |২১,৩৪৭,৫৮৭ |২০,৫৪১,৯০৪ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৬.২ |০.৮ |<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.instat-mali.org/laravel-filemanager/files/shares/rgph/rapport-caracteristiques-culturelles-population-rgph5_rpgh.pdf |title=CINQUIEME RECENSEMENT GENERAL DE LA POPULATION ET DE L'HABITAT (RGPH5) |trans-title=FIFTH GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS (RGPH5) |date=2022 |language=French}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Malta}} [[মালটাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মালটা]] |৪৪৯,০৪৩ |১১,৬৭৫ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|২.৬ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/ |title=Europe :: Malta — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=2 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402195116/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malta/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/data_and_surveys/religion2016 |title=MaltaToday Easter survey |year=2016 |publisher=MaltaToday |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927111420/http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/data_and_surveys/religion2016 |archive-date=27 September 2016 |access-date=27 September 2016 |archivedate=27 September 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927111420/http://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/data_and_surveys/religion2016 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Marshall Islands}} [[মাৰ্ছাল দ্বীপপুঞ্জত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মাৰ্ছাল দ্বীপপুঞ্জ]] |৭৫,৬৮৪ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< ০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/marshall-islands/ |title=Australia – Oceania :: Marshall Islands — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=4 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143516/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/marshall-islands/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Martinique}} [[মাৰ্টিনিকত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মাৰ্টিনিক]] |৩৮৫,৫৫১ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.২ |< ০.১ |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Mauritania}} [[মৌৰিতানিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মৌৰিতনিয়া]] |৪,১৬১,৯২৫ |৪,১৫৭,৪২৫ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৯.৯ |০.২ |<ref>{{Citation |title=Mauritania |date=2022-10-20 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2022-10-28 |archivedate=2021-01-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107034713/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritania/#people-and-society }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Taylor & Francis Group|title=Europa World Year Book 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA2851|access-date=1 August 2012|date=September 2004|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85743-255-8|pages=2851}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Mauritius}} [[মৰিছাছত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মৰিছাছ]] |১,৩৬৪,২৮৩ |২৩৬,০২০ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১৭.৩ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritius/ |title=Africa :: Mauritius — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109090348/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mauritius |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Mayotte}} [[ময়ত্তেত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ময়ত্তে]] |২৫৬,৫১৮ |২৫৩,৪৩৯ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৭.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mf.html |title=CIA – The World Factbook |date=21 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921084632/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mf.html |archive-date=21 September 2012 |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=21 September 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921084632/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mf.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Mexico}} [[মেক্সিকোত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মেক্সিকো]] |১২৭,০০০,০০০ |৫,৫০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.০১ |< ০.০১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico/ |title=North America :: Mexico — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=26 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164719/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mexico |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-americas.aspx |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population – Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life |date=9 February 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209170635/http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-americas.aspx |archive-date=9 February 2011 |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=9 February 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110209170635/http://pewforum.org/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-americas.aspx |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Moldova}} [[মলডভাত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মলডভা]] |৩,৪৩৭,৭২০ |১৫,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৪ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/moldova/ |title=Europe :: Moldova — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=5 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105015457/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/moldova/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Moldova/Religion |title=Moldova Religion Facts & Stats |website=nationmaster.com |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Monaco}} [[মনাকোত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মনাকো]] |৩০,৭২৭ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.৮ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/monaco/ |title=Europe :: Monaco — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=30 December 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211230233800/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/monaco/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.studycountry.com/ |title=Religion in Monaco |website=Studycountry |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Mongolia}} [[মংগোলিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মংগোলিয়া]] |৩,১০৩,৪২৮ |১৫০,০০০ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৫.০ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/ |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Mongolia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=14 January 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114155343/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010_5/168367.htm |title=Mongolia |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=14 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Montenegro}} [[মণ্টেনেগ্ৰোত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মণ্টেনেগ্ৰো]] |৬১৪,২৪৯ |১২২,৮৪৯ |style="background:#98FF98; "|১৯.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/montenegro/ |title=Europe :: Montenegro — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=8 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108060348/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/montenegro/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Montserrat}} [[মণ্টচেৰাটত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মণ্টচেৰাট]] |৫,৩১৫ |< ১,০০০ |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|০.১ |< ০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/montserrat/ |title=Central America :: Montserrat — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=14 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314070620/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/montserrat/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Morocco}} [[মৰক্কোত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মৰক্কো]] |৩৬,৭৩৮,২২৯ |৩৬,৩৭০,৮৪৭ |style="background:#228B22; "|৯৯.০ |২.১ |<ref>{{Citation |title=Morocco |date=2022-10-20 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/morocco/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2022-10-28 |archivedate=2022-12-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202191738/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/morocco/#people-and-society }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Mozambique}} |30,888,034 |5,837,839 |style="background:#98FF98; "|18.9 |0.3 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/ |title=Africa :: Mozambique — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=4 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143927/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1996-07-05-mozambique-fears-growth-of-islam/ |title=Mozambique fears growth of Islam |website=The M&G Online |date=5 July 1996 |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Myanmar}} |55,622,506 |2,391,767 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|4.3 |0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/ |title=East Asia/Southeast Asia :: Burma — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=10 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210200835/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Namibia}} |2,413,643 |9,654 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.4 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Religion in|Nauru}} |10,084 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[নেপালত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|নেপাল]] |২৯,২১৮,৮৬৭ |১,২৯২,৯০৯ |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|৪.২ |০.১ |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nepal/ |title=The World Factbook |website=cia.gov |access-date=25 January 2016 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109075733/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nepal/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Netherlands}} |17,400,000 |387,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|5.0 |0.1 |<ref>{{Cite web|title=CBS Religieuze betrokkenheid; persoonskenmerken|url= https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/82904NED/table?dl=35BF3|date=1 August 2019|website=Het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Demographics of the |Netherlands Antilles}} |304,759 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.2 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|New Caledonia}} |278,500 |7,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|2.8 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|New Zealand}} |4,993,923 |75,144 | style="background:#ACE1AF; "|1.5 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Totals by topic for individuals, (NZ total), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses |url=https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?tm=occupation%2C%202023%20census&pg=0&hc[Society]=2023%20Census&hc[Census%20year]=2023&snb=4&vw=tb&df[ds]=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df[id]=CEN23_TBT_004&df[ag]=STATSNZ&df[vs]=1.0&dq=raTotal%2Bra00000%2Bra10100%2Bra10101%2Bra10102%2Bra10103%2Bra10104%2Bra10105%2Bra10199%2Bra20000%2Bra20100%2Bra20102%2Bra20103%2Bra20199%2Bra20201%2Bra20301%2Bra20302%2Bra20400%2Bra20401%2Bra20402%2Bra20403%2Bra20499%2Bra20500%2Bra20502%2Bra20503%2Bra20599%2Bra20600%2Bra20601%2Bra20602%2Bra20603%2Bra20604%2Bra20605%2Bra20606%2Bra20699%2Bra20700%2Bra20701%2Bra20799%2Bra20801%2Bra20802%2Bra20803%2Bra20804%2Bra20901%2Bra21001%2Bra21101%2Bra21200%2Bra21201%2Bra21202%2Bra21203%2Bra21299%2Bra21300%2Bra21301%2Bra21302%2Bra21303%2Bra21304%2Bra21305%2Bra21399%2Bra21400%2Bra21401%2Bra21402%2Bra21403%2Bra21404%2Bra21405%2Bra21406%2Bra21407%2Bra21408%2Bra21409%2Bra21410%2Bra21411%2Bra21412%2Bra21413%2Bra21414%2Bra21415%2Bra21416%2Bra21417%2Bra21499%2Bra21501%2Bra21502%2Bra21503%2Bra21504%2Bra21505%2Bra21506%2Bra21507%2Bra21600%2Bra21701%2Bra21801%2Bra21802%2Bra29901%2Bra29902%2Bra29903%2Bra29905%2Bra29906%2Bra29908%2Bra29909%2Bra29910%2Bra29911%2Bra29999%2Bra30100%2Bra30101%2Bra30102%2Bra30103%2Bra30199%2Bra40100%2Bra40101%2Bra40102%2Bra40103%2Bra40104%2Bra40199%2Bra50100%2Bra50101%2Bra50102%2Bra50103%2Bra60000%2Bra60101%2Bra60201%2Bra60901%2Bra60999%2Bra70000%2Bra70101%2Bra70200%2Bra70201%2Bra70202%2Bra70203%2Bra70204%2Bra70205%2Bra70299%2Bra70301%2Bra70401%2Bra70901%2Bra70999%2Bra80000%2Bra80101%2Bra80200%2Bra80201%2Bra80202%2Bra80299%2Bra80301%2Bra80400%2Bra80401%2Bra80402%2Bra80403%2Bra80499%2Bra80601%2Bra80701%2Bra80702%2Bra80801%2Bra80901%2Bra81001%2Bra81101%2Bra81102%2Bra81103%2Bra81104%2Bra81105%2Bra81106%2Bra81107%2Bra81108%2Bra81109%2Bra81110%2Bra81111%2Bra81199%2Bra95555%2BraTS%2Bra94444%2Bra97777%2Bra98888%2Bra99999.2013%2B2018%2B2023&ly[rw]=CEN23_TBT_IND_001&ly[cl]=CEN23_YEAR_001&to[TIME]=false |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=Stats NZ}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Nicaragua}} |6,284,757 |1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Niger}} |21,466,863 |21,101,926 |style="background:#228B22; "|98.3 |1.0 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/data/round-5/nig_r5_codebook.pdf |title=Nigeria Round 5 codebook (2012) |last=Dominique Lewis |date=May 2013 |website=Afrobarometer |page=62 |access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Nigeria}} |200,000,000 |95,000,000 – 97,000,000 |style="background:#50C878; "|47.0 – 49.0 |5.3 |<ref name="pewmuslim7" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria/ |title=Africa :: Nigeria — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=2019-01-29 |archivedate=2021-01-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109223449/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/nigeria |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|Niue|plink=Niue#Religion}} |1,611 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|North Korea|plink=Islam in Korea}} |25,610,672 |3,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|North Macedonia}} |1,836,713 |590,878 | style="background:#7d7; "|32.2 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/north-macedonia/ |title=Europe :: Macedonia — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=14 December 2018 |archivedate=21 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121024841/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/north-macedonia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in the |Northern Mariana Islands}} |56,200 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.7 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Norway}} |5,328,212 |175,507 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|3.2 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/kultur-og-fritid/faktaside/religion|title=Religion|website=ssb.no|language=no|access-date=2020-01-04}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Oman}} |4,633,752 |2,427,000 |style="background:#00993A; "|86.0 |0.2 |<ref name="CIATONGA">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |title=Middle East OMAN |date=14 February 2022 |publisher=CIA The World Factbook |access-date=14 December 2025 |archivedate=13 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313050143/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/oman/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Pakistan}} |241,500,000 |233,000,000 |style="background:#228B22; "|96.5 |11.79 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/final-results-census-2017-0 |title=RESULTS OF CENSUS – 2017 - Population Census – Census Tables Reports – Table 9 – Population by sex, religion and rural/urban|website=pbs.gov.pk |access-date=2019-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Shakeel |date=2023-05-22 |title=Pakistan population increased by approx 25% in six years |url=https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/40036082 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Samaa |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829145556/https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/40036082 |archive-date=August 29, 2023 |via=[[Wayback Machine]] |archivedate=2023-08-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829145556/https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/40036082 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Palau}} |17,900 |500 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|3.8 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite report|title=2020 Census of Population and Housing of the Republic of Palau|page=68|volume=I Basic Tables|date=August 2022|url=https://www.palaugov.pw/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2020-Census-of-Population-and-Housing.pdf|access-date=2023-06-21|publisher=Office of Planning and Statistics|location=Koror, Palau}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-06 |title=Syiar Islam di Palau Terus Berkembang |url=https://khazanah.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/dunia/18/12/06/pjb5oz313-syiar-islam-di-palau-terus-berkembang? |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Republika Online |language=id}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|plink=Islam in Palestine|Palestine}} |4,780,978 |4,298,000 |style="background:#228B22; "|97.5 |0.3 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Palestinian Culture - Religion |url=https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/palestinian-culture/palestinian-culture-religion |access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Panama}} |4,158,783 |25,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.7 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Papua New Guinea}} |8,558,800 |2,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Paraguay}} |7,052,983 |1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Peru}} |31,237,385 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Philippines}} |109,000,000 |5,450,000 – 12,000,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|5.0 – 11.0 |0.3 – 0.6 |<ref name="2013ifr">{{Cite report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2013/eap/222161.htm |title=Philippines |date=28 July 2014 |publisher=United States Department of State |quote=The 2000 survey states that Islam is the largest minority religion, constituting approximately 5 percent of the population. A 2012 estimate by the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF), however, states that there are 10.7 million Muslims, which is approximately 11 percent of the total population. |at=SECTION I. RELIGIOUS DEMOGRAPHY |work=2013 Report on International Religious Freedom}}</ref><ref name="PSA-2015PSY">{{Cite journal |date=October 2015 |title=Table 1.10; Household Population by Religious Affiliation and by Sex; 2010 |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2015%20PSY%20PDF.pdf#56 |url-status=live |journal=2015 Philippine Statistical Yearbook |location=East Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines |publisher=[[Philippine Statistics Authority]] |pages=1–30 |issn=0118-1564 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011010131/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2015%20PSY%20PDF.pdf#56 |archive-date=11 October 2016 |access-date=15 August 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Poland}} |38,430,000 |6,796 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "| 0.02 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mały Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 2018 |url=https://stat.gov.pl/files/gfx/portalinformacyjny/pl/defaultaktualnosci/5515/1/19/1/maly_rocznik_statystyczny_polski_2018.pdf |access-date=10 September 2023 |website=stat.gov.pl}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} |10,343,066 |36,480 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.4 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Resident population with 15 and more years old (No.) by Place of residence at Census date [2021] (NUTS - 2013) and Religion|url=https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011644&lang=EN|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estatística|access-date=2025-06-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123171048/https://tabulador.ine.pt/indicador/?id=0011644&lang=EN|archivedate=2022-11-23|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Puerto Rico}} |3,337,177 |1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Qatar}} |2,450,285 |1,566,786 |style="background:#00A550; "|77.5 |0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/qatar/ |title=The World Factbook |access-date=14 February 2015 |archivedate=9 July 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709105408/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/qatar/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Republic of Congo}} |5,399,895 |107,997 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|2.0 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/256225.pdf|title=REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO 2015 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Réunion|local}} |865,826 |36,364 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|4.2 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=151 |title=Religious Intelligence – Country Profile: Reunion (Department of Reunion) |date=28 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228041609/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=151 |archive-date=28 February 2008 |access-date=13 December 2018 |archivedate=28 February 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228041609/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/country/?CountryID=151 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Romania}} |19,524,000 |73,000 – 200,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.3 – 1.0 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AVzFAgAAQBAJ&q=romania+%22200000%220+muslims&pg=PA166 |title=The Future of the Global Church: History, Trends and Possibilities |last=Johnstone |first=Patrick |date=17 January 2014 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=9780830856954}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Russia}} [[ৰাছিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|ৰাছিয়া]] |144,350,000 – 146,750,000 |14,000,000 – 16,000,000 |style="background:#98FF98; "|10.0 – 12.0 |1.7{{efn-ua|ৰাছিয়ান ফেডাৰেচনৰ নাগৰিকসকলৰ লগতে ৰাছিয়াত বাস কৰা অনুপ্ৰৱেশকাৰী আৰু প্ৰব্ৰজনকাৰীসকলকো সামৰি}} |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/islam-russia-180307094248743.html |title=Islam in Russia |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=17 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=12 September 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109173026/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Rwanda}} |12,001,136 |576,054 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|4.8 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda/ |title=The World Factbook |website=cia.gov |access-date=25 January 2016 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109091722/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|Saint Helena|plink=Saint Helena#Religion}} |3,552 |16 | style="background:#D0F0C0; " |0.5 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=St 2021 Helena Population and Housing Census |url=https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Census-2021-Main-Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102223930/https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Census-2021-Main-Report.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-02 |access-date= |archivedate=2022-10-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015022343/https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Census-2021-Main-Report.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} |46,204 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.3 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Saint Lucia}} |171,834 |292 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "| 0.2 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Saint Lucia Population and Housing Census 2022|url=https://stats.gov.lc/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/StLucia-Provisional-Census-Report-2022-Release-1Rev1.pdf|publisher=The Central Statistics Office of Saint Lucia|access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|Saint Pierre and Miquelon|plink=Saint Pierre and Miquelon#Languages and religion|local}} |6,286 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.2 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}} |109,557 |2,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|1.7 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Samoa}} |205,557 |52 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.03 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Samoa Population and Housing Census 2021|url=https://www.sbs.gov.ws/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/CensusTablesEXCELFiles.xlsx|publisher=Samoa Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Religion in|San Marino}} |33,344 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|Sao Tome and Principe|plink=Islam in São Tomé and Príncipe}} |199,910 |5,931 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|3.0 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148715.htm |title=Sao Tome and Principe |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Saudi Arabia}} |34,220,000 |31,535,000 |style="background:#228B22; "|96.2 |1.8 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Senegal}} |17,923,036 |17,421,191 |style="background:#228B22; "|97.2 |0.8 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |title=Africa :: Senegal — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=13 December 2018 |archivedate=4 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204143936/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/senegal/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Serbia}} |6,647,003 |278,212 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|4.2 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/serbia/ |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |date=6 June 2022 |access-date=14 December 2025 |archivedate=4 February 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204144154/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/serbia/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Seychelles}} |94,205 |1,036 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|1.1 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/seychelles/ |title=Africa :: Seychelles — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=13 December 2018 |archivedate=28 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128072600/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/seychelles/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Sierra Leone}} |7,719,729 |6,067,706 |style="background:#00A550; "|78.6 |0.3 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2010/148719.htm |title=Sierra Leone |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Singapore}} |5,866,139 |915,118 |style="background:#98FF98; "|15.6 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/singapore/ |title=The World Factbook |website=cia.gov |access-date=25 January 2016 |archivedate=20 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320131051/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/singapore |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020|title=CENSUS OF POPULATION 2020 – Religion (Singapore)|url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/visualising_data/infographics/c2020/c2020-religion.pdf|access-date=August 13, 2021|website=Department of Statistics Singapore|archivedate=October 22, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022053824/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/visualising_data/infographics/c2020/c2020-religion.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Slovakia}} |5,443,120 |10,866 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.1 – 0.2 |< 0.1 |<ref name="facts" /> |- |{{flagicon|Slovenia}} |2,066,880 |73,568 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|3.6 |< 0.1 |<ref name="facts" /> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Solomon Islands}} |720,956 |1,100 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.1 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Population and Housing Census|url=https://solomons.gov.sb/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Solomon-Islands-2019-Population-Census-Report_Basic-Tables_Operations_Vol2.pdf |publisher=Solomon Island National Statistics Office |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Somalia}} |11,000,000 |10,978,000 |style="background:#228B22; "|99.8 |0.6 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |title=The Global Religious Landscape |publisher=Pew Research Center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2013 |access-date=27 December 2013 |archivedate=6 August 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002044/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2012/12/globalReligion-full.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|South Africa}} |57,725,600 |1,050,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|1.9 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0318/P03182015.pdf |title=General Household Survey 2015|access-date=8 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa/ |title=Africa :: South Africa — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=13 December 2018 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110042951/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-africa |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|South Korea|plink=Islam in Korea}} |51,635,256 |75,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.1 |< 0.1 |alight=left|<ref name="pewforum.org"/> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|South Sudan}} |12,323,419 | 2,464,683 |style="background:#74C365; "|20.0 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://insamer.com/en/south-sudanese-muslims_1120.html |title=South Sudanese Muslims |website=insamer.com |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713152704/https://insamer.com/en/south-sudanese-muslims_1120.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=13 July 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713152704/https://insamer.com/en/south-sudanese-muslims_1120.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Spain}} |46,659,302 |1,180,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|2.6 |0.1 |<ref name=facts/> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Sri Lanka}} |21,700,000 |2,105,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|9.7 |0.1 |<ref name="SLcensus12">{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop43&gp=Activities&tpl=3 |title=A3 : Population by religion according to districts, 2012 |publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka |access-date=29 December 2013 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226054923/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop43&gp=Activities&tpl=3 |url-status=dead |archivedate=7 January 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107065148/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop43&gp=Activities&tpl=3 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Sudan}} |40,825,770 |38,585,777 |style="background: #228B22; "|96.0 |1.9 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sd.undp.org/sudan20overview.htm |title=Sudan Overview |publisher=UNDP |access-date=2 April 2013 }}{{dead link|date=May 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Suriname}} |600,000 |85,800 |style="background:#98FF98; "|14.3 |< 0.1 | <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/suriname#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2020&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 |title=Religions in Suriname &#124; PEW-GRF |publisher=Globalreligiousfutures.org |date= |access-date=2022-03-02}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Sweden}} |10,182,291 |700,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|7.1 |< 0.1 |<ref name="pewmuslim7" /><ref name=facts/> |- |{{flagicon|Switzerland}} |8,492,956 |440,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|5.9 |< 0.1 |<ref name="BfSreligion2016">{{cite web |url=https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bevoelkerung/sprachen-religionen/religionen.assetdetail.4242776.html |title=Population résidante permanente âgée de 15 ans ou plus selon l'appartenance religieuse |date=31 January 2018 |publisher=Federal Statistical Office FSO |location=Neuchâtel, Switzerland |language=de, fr, it |type=official site |format=XLS |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Syria}} |18,000,000 |15,000,000 |style="background:#00993A; "|87.0 |1.0 |<ref>{{Citation |title=Syria |date=2024-08-07 |work=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/ |access-date=2024-08-10 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |archivedate=2021-02-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210203054123/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/syria/ }}</ref><ref name="JDB">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/ |title=The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050 |date=2 April 2015 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211326/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2010/number/all/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Taiwan (Republic of China)}} |23,576,705 |60,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.3 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=13332&ctNode=1937&mp=1001 |title=- Taiwan Government Entry Point |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223051211/http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=13332&ctNode=1937&mp=1001 |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=14 February 2015 |archivedate=23 December 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223051211/http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=13332&ctNode=1937&mp=1001 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crescentrating.com/taiwan-city-guide-for-muslim-travelers/item/3308-halal-restaurants-food-in-taiwan.html |title=Halal Restaurants & Food in Taiwan – Crescentrating |website=Crescentrating |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234924/http://www.crescentrating.com/taiwan-city-guide-for-muslim-travelers/item/3308-halal-restaurants-food-in-taiwan.html |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=14 February 2015 |archivedate=30 December 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234924/http://www.crescentrating.com/taiwan-city-guide-for-muslim-travelers/item/3308-halal-restaurants-food-in-taiwan.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Tajikistan}} |9,540,000 |9,253,000 |style="background:#228B22; "|97.9 |0.4 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/ |title=The World Factbook |access-date=14 February 2015 |archivedate=20 August 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210820040637/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tajikistan/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/ |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050 |date=2 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tajikistan#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All+Countries&restrictions_year=2013 |title=Religions in Tajikistan – PEW-GRF |website=globalreligiousfutures.org}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Tanzania}} |54,199,163 |19,426,814 | style="background:#7d7; "|35.2 |0.8 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=18 August 2018 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Thailand}} |67,726,419 |3,639,232 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|5.4 |0.2 |<ref name="2018census">{{cite web|url=http://statbbi.nso.go.th/nso/nso_center/project/table/files/S-soc-health/2561/000/00_S-soc-health_2561_000_000000_00100.xls|title=Population by religion, region and area, 2018|publisher=NSO|access-date=9 March 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424172255/http://statbbi.nso.go.th/nso/nso_center/project/table/files/S-soc-health/2561/000/00_S-soc-health_2561_000_000000_00100.xls|url-status=dead|archivedate=24 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424172255/http://statbbi.nso.go.th/nso/nso_center/project/table/files/S-soc-health/2561/000/00_S-soc-health_2561_000_000000_00100.xls|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.nso.go.th/en/survey/popchan/data/2015-2016-Statistical%20tables%20PDF.pdf |title=Population by religion, region and area, 2015 |publisher=NSO |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210020110/http://web.nso.go.th/en/survey/popchan/data/2015-2016-Statistical%20tables%20PDF.pdf |archive-date=10 December 2017 |access-date=2017-10-12 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|Timor-Leste|plink=Religion in East Timor}} |1,341,737 |3,202 – >48,709 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "| <0.5 – 3.6 |< 0.1 |<ref name="Census2022">{{cite web |url=https://inetl-ip.gov.tl/2023/05/18/main-report-timor-leste-population-and-housing-census-2022/ |title=Main Report Timor-Leste Population and Housing Census 2022 |publisher=National Institute Of Statistics Timor-Leste |date=18 May 2023 |access-date=24 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Profiles {{!}} World Religion |url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=71c#RELADH |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=The Association of Religion Data Archives (the ARDA) |language=en-gb}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Togo}} |7,352,000 |1,593,011 |style="background:#74C365; "|20.0 |0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/ |title=The World Factbook |access-date=14 February 2015 |archivedate=12 October 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012171517/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/togo/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|Tokelau|plink=Tokelau#Demographics}} |1,499 |<10 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2016 Tokelau Census of Population and Dwellings - Kusst of tables on Social profile |url=https://www.tokelau.org.nz/site/tokelau/files/TokelauNSO/2016Census/2016%20Tokelau%20Census%20of%20Population%20and%20Dwellings%20-%20Tables%20about%20social%20profile.xlsx |publisher=Tokelau National Statistical Office}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Tonga}} |100,179 |60 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Tonga 2021 Census of Population and Housing|url=https://tongastats.gov.to/download/272/census-report-and-factsheet/7647/census-report-vol1-2021.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031100406/https://tongastats.gov.to/download/272/census-report-and-factsheet/7647/census-report-vol1-2021.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-31 |access-date=2025-06-23 |publisher=Tonga Statistics Department}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Trinidad and Tobago}} |1,322,546 |65,705 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|5.0 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 Population and Housing Census |url=https://cso.gov.tt/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/2011-Trinidad-and-Tobago-Individuals.xlsx |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Tunisia}} |11,446,300 |10,190,000 |style="background:#228B22; "|97.8 |0.6 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tunisia/#people-and-society |title=The World Factbook |access-date=28 January 2025 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110024851/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tunisia/#people-and-society |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Turkey}} |86,000,000 |78,000,000 – 84,400,000 |style="background:#228B22; "|91.0 – 98.0 |4.6 |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/turkey/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 | title=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project - Research and data from Pew Research Center | access-date=19 October 2022 | archive-date=23 November 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123164142/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/turkey/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 | url-status=dead | archivedate=23 November 2021 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123164142/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/turkey/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010 | deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=226c | title=ARDA - Religious profile of Turkey | access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://interaktif.konda.com.tr/rapor/turkiye-100-kisi-olsa/1 | title=KONDA - If Turkiye was 100 people | access-date=16 February 2025 | archive-date=25 June 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625123924/https://interaktif.konda.com.tr/turkiye-100-kisi-olsaydi | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Turkmenistan}} |6,031,187 |5,610,000 |style="background:#228B22; "|93.7 |0.3 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#people-and-society |title=The World Factbook |access-date=28 January 2025 |archivedate=10 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110134553/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/turkmenistan/#people-and-society |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Religion in the |Turks and Caicos Islands}} |37,910 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Tuvalu}} |10,640 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Uganda}} |38,823,100 |5,435,234 |style="background:#98FF98; "|14.0 |0.3 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/268952.pdf |title=UGANDA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815171340/https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/268952.pdf |archive-date=2017-08-15}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Ukraine}} |42,263,873 |390,000 – 410,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.9 – 1.2 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/the-future-of-the-global-muslim-population/ |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |last4=Inquiries}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/ukraine-politics/ukrainian-muslims-root-for-ukraine-407839.html |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population |date=27 January 2011 |last4=Inquiries}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in the |United Arab Emirates}} |9,541,615 |6,251,627 |style="background:#00A550; "|72.0 |0.2 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates/ |title=The World Factbook |access-date=14 February 2015 |archivedate=9 January 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109053052/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-arab-emirates/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="religiousfreedom">{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148850.htm |title=United Arab Emirates International Religious Freedom Report |publisher=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123103428/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148850.htm |archive-date=23 November 2010 |access-date=12 January 2011}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in the |United Kingdom}} |66,040,229 |3,998,875 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|6.0 |0.2 |<ref name="facts" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion by age and sex, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/articles/religionbyageandsexenglandandwales/census2021 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in the |United States}} |327,827,000 |3,450,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|1.1 |0.2 |<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/01/03/new-estimates-show-u-s-muslim-population-continues-to-grow/ |title=New estimates show U.S. Muslim population continues to grow |date=3 January 2018 |work=Pew Research Center |access-date=9 January 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in the |United States Virgin Islands}} |104,914 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Uruguay}} |3,505,985 |700- 1,500 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=URUGUAY-2022 |url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/441219-URUGUAY-2022-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf |publisher=United States}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} |34,036,800 |29,920,000 |style="background:#00993A; "|88.7 |1.7 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stat.uz/en/press-center/news-committee/8923-demographic-situation-january-march-2020|title=State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan: Demographic situation in Uzbekistan (March 2020)}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Vanuatu}} |304,500 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|Vatican City|plink=Islam in Italy}} |800 |0 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.0 |0.0 |{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}} |- |{{flagicon|Venezuela}} |31,304,016 |125,216 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.4 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/venezuela/ |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=23 September 2018 |archivedate=31 May 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210531110017/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/venezuela/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Vietnam}} |96,208,984 |70,934 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.07 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.nso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf |title=Completed results of the 2019 Viet Nam population and housing census |date=2019 |publisher=National Statistics Office |access-date=2025-12-14 |archivedate=2026-04-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425173946/https://www.nso.gov.vn/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ket-qua-toan-bo-Tong-dieu-tra-dan-so-va-nha-o-2019.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Demographics of |Wallis and Futuna}} |15,714 |< 1,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|< 0.1 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/wallis-and-futuna/ |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=23 September 2018 |archivedate=24 April 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424005145/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/wallis-and-futuna |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Western Sahara}} |603,253 |599,633 |style="background:#238c23; "|99.4 |< 0.1 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 June 2007 |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=23 September 2018 |archivedate=12 June 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612210735/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/wi.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/western-sahara |title=Western Sahara |website=Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures Project |publisher=Pew Research Center |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017163907/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/western-sahara |archive-date=17 October 2018 |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Yemen}} |27,036,829 |26,784,498 |style="background:#248c23; "|97.2 |1.5 |<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/yemen/ |title=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |website=cia.gov |access-date=23 September 2018 |archivedate=17 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241217084112/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/yemen/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{flagg|pspew|al=c|pref=Islam in|Zambia}} |16,887,720 |168,877 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|1.0 |< 0.1 |<ref name="African Muslims" /> |- |{{flagicon|Zimbabwe}} |14,000,000 |100,000 |style="background:#D0F0C0; "|0.7 |< 0.1 |<ref name="2017survey">[https://zimbabwe.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/Inter%20Censal%20Demography%20Survey%202017%20Report.pdf Inter Censal Demography Survey 2017 Report], Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (2017)</ref> |} {{notelist-ua}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Your name |url=https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/441219-URUGUAY-2022-INTERNATIONAL-RELIGIOUS-FREEDOM-REPORT.pdf}}</ref> ==মহাদেশ== ===Table=== {| class="wikitable sortable col3center col4center" cellspacing="4" |- ! অঞ্চল ! data-sort-type="number" | মুছলিম ! data-sort-type="number" style="max-width:10em" | মুঠ জনসংখ্যাৰ মুছলিম শতাংশ (%) হাৰ ! data-sort-type="number" style="max-width:10em" | পৃথিৱীৰ মুছলিম জনসংখ্যাৰ শতাংশ (%) |- |{{sort|Zh|[[এছিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|এছিয়া]]}} |1,100,000,000 | style="background:#7d7; "|23.3 |66.7 |- |{{sort|Zh|''[[মধ্য এছিয়াত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম |মধ্য এছিয়া]]''}} |54,000,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia/ |title=Region: Asia-Pacific |date=27 January 2011 |last4=Inquiries}}</ref> |style="background:#228B22; "|81.0<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/central-asia-ii |title=CENTRAL ASIA ii. Demography – Encyclopaedia Iranica |last=electricpulp.com |website=iranicaonline.org |access-date=25 May 2017}}</ref> |3.0 |- |{{sort|Zi|''[[Islam in South Asia|দক্ষিণ এছিয়া]]''}} |600,000,000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/28942-sense-and-sensibility-in-south-asia |title=Sense and sensibility in South Asia |website=thenews.com.pk |access-date=24 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/strategic-insights/the-muslim-question-2/ |title=The Muslim question |work=[[The Times of India]] Blog |access-date=24 May 2017}}</ref> | style="background:#7d7; "|31.4<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-regional-asia |title=Region: South Asia |date=27 January 2011 |access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/07/29/politics/muslims-moment-khan/index.html |title=The moment American Muslims were waiting for |last=Burke|first=Daniel|work=CNN |access-date=1 January 2017}}</ref> |30.6<ref name="Asian Religion" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |title=10 Countries With the Largest Muslim Populations, 2010 and 2050date=2015-04-02 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |access-date=7 February 2017 |archive-date=7 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207115222/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=4 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504075835/http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/muslims/pf_15-04-02_projectionstables74/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- |{{sort|Zj|''[[Islam in Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]]''}} |240,000,000<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yusuf |first=Imtiyaz |title=The Middle East and Muslim Southeast Asia: Implications of the Arab Spring |url=http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/focus/essay1009_southeast_asia.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219000515/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/focus/essay1009_southeast_asia.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 February 2013 |journal=Oxford Islamic Studies |access-date=14 December 2025 |archivedate=19 February 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130219000515/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/Public/focus/essay1009_southeast_asia.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |style="background:#50C878; "|40.0 |13.3 |- |[[East Asia]] |50,000,000<ref name="Refworld 2010" /> |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|3.1 |2.8 |- |{{sort|Zk|''[[Religion in the Middle East|Middle East]]-[[Islam in Africa|North Africa]]''}} |315,322,000<ref name="ME-NA Overview" /> – 488,603,838 |style="background:#228B22; "|91.2 |27.1 |- |{{sort|Zh|[[Islam in Africa|Africa]]}} |550,000,000 |style="background:#50C878; "|47.0 |30.6 |- |{{sort|Zl|''[[Islam in Africa|Sub-Saharan Africa]]''}} |283,302,393 | style="background:#7d7; "|29.6 |15.7 |- |{{sort|Zh|[[Religion in North America|North America]]}} |3,500,000 – 7,000,000<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.milligazette.com/news/15793-the-politics-of-american-muslim-demographics |title=The Politics of American Muslim demographics |last=Ghazali |first=Abdus Sattar |website=milligazette.com |access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|1.0<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-muslim/ |title=THE GLOBAL RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE: Muslims |website=pewforum |date=18 December 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012}}</ref> |0.4 |- |{{sort|Zh|[[Religion in South America|South America]]}} |791,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|0.2 |0.04 |- |{{sort|Zm|[[Islam in Europe|Europe]]}} |44,138,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|6.0 |2.7 |- |{{sort|Zh|[[Islam in Oceania|Oceania]]}} |650,000 |style="background:#ACE1AF; "|1.6 |0.04 |- |{{sort|Zo|World}} |1,976,000,000<ref name="World Religion">{{cite web|date=October 2022|title=Religion of the World|url=https://countrymeters.info/en/World#religion|access-date=15 October 2022|publisher=Pew Research Centre}}</ref> | style="background:#7d7; "|24.9 |100.0 |} ==Projected demographic changes== {{Main|Muslim population growth}} The [[Pew Research Center]], has established a continued trend since its 2017 report into 2022. [[Islam]] continues to close the gap between itself and Christianity, while constituting the world's [[major religious groups|second largest]] religious group it also continues to be the fastest-growing major religious grouping.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> A [[Pew Research]] Study in 2015 found that the Muslim population was expected to grow twice as fast (70%) as the world population by 2060 (1.8 billion in 2015 to 3 billion by 2060).<ref name="World Religion" /> This expected growth is much larger than any other religious group.<ref name="World Religion" /> Muslims are likely to constitute roughly 26.3% of the world's total population by 2030.<ref name="futureGlobalPop">{{cite web |url=http://features.pewforum.org/muslim-population/ |title=The Future of the Global Muslim Population: Projections fro 2010 to 2030 |website=assets.pewresearch.org/ |date=2 December 2014 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref> This expected growth is attributed to Muslim families generally having more children as well as the fact that the Muslim population has the youngest median age of any religion.<ref name="World Religion" /> Furthermore, increased healthcare conditions in Muslim majority countries are currently increasing life expectancy and decreasing child mortality, which, if trends continue this way, will also contribute to the growth of the Muslim population more than any other religious group.<ref name="futureGlobalPop" /> These trends are not for every region, however. In fact, Muslim population growth is expected to slow down in [[Asia]] (including the [[Middle East]]) and [[Africa]], due to lower birth rates.<ref name="futureGlobalPop" /> The largest Muslim population growths are expected to be in the [[Middle East]] and [[Africa]].<ref name="futureGlobalPop"/> Furthermore, [[Pakistan]] is projected to be the country with the largest Muslim population by 2030.<ref name="futureGlobalPop"/> Muslims are expected to grow to 8% (52.8 million) of the total population of [[Europe]], and this growth is expected to be the largest in the western European countries.<ref name="futureGlobalPop"/> [[Russia]] will have the largest total population of Muslims in Europe, however.<ref name="futureGlobalPop"/> Most of these changes are expected to come from immigration.<ref name="futureGlobalPop"/> In the [[Americas]], [[Canada]]’s Muslim population is expected to increase to 6.6% and [[United States]]' to 2% by 2030.<ref name="futureGlobalPop"/> These increases, much like Europe, are expected to be driven mainly by immigration.<ref name="futureGlobalPop"/> ==See also== {{Portal|Islam|Country||||}} {{Islam by country}} '''Islam:''' * [[মুছলিম বিশ্ব]] * [[ইছলামৰ ৰূপৰেখা]] * [[Glossary of Islam]] * [[Muslim population growth]] * [[Index of Islam-related articles]] * [[Shia Muslims in the Arab world]] * [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] '''By country:''' * [[Ahmadiyya by country]] * [[Apostasy in Islam by country]] * [[Application of Sharia by country]] * [[Burqa by country]] * [[Islamic veiling practices by country]] '''General:''' * [[List of religious populations]] * [[Religions by country]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== * ''[[United States Department of State]] [https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/ International Religious Freedom Report]'' * ''[[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ The World Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510200259/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ |date=10 May 2013}}'' * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20131112150057/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/nationprofiles/ Religious Freedom page]'' * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130715084239/http://www.religiousintelligence.co.uk/ Religious Intelligence]'' **''[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/ Muslim Population Percentage] from [[United States Department of State|U.S Dept. of State]]'' * ''[[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121105005534/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html?countryName=&countryCode=&regionCode=%C2%A6 Religions]'' * ''[[BBC News]] [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4385768.stm Muslims in Europe: Country guide]'' ==External links== * [https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/muslim-population-change/ Pew Research Center: How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020] {{Islam topics |state=collapsed}} {{Religions by country}} {{Religion country lists}} {{Life in OIC}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইছলাম ধৰ্ম]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দেশ অনুসৰি ইছলাম]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বিদেশত ইছলাম ধৰ্ম]] hajzam654d9yw17sh5wd53ksvpdhzec 0 129437 646072 640898 2026-10-19T17:04:02Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious biography | name = অতীশ | image = Atisha.jpg | caption = In this twelfth-century Tibetan depiction, Atiśa holds a long, thin palm-leaf manuscript with his left hand and making the gesture of teaching with his right hand. Produced in a [[Kadam (Tibetan Buddhism)|Kadam]] monastery in [[Tibet]], currently held in the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tibu/ho_1993.479.htm |title=Portrait of Atiśa [Tibet (a Kadampa monastery)] (1993.479) |access-date=11 January 2008 |date=October 2006 |work=Timeline of Art History |publisher=New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–}}</ref> | alias = | dharma name = বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম | birth_date = {{circa|৯৮২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ}} | birth_place = বিক্ৰমপুৰ, [[বংগ]] | death_date = {{circa|১০৫৪ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ}} | death_place = নিয়েতাং, তিব্বত | nationality = | religion = [[বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]] | title = | location = | education = {{plainlist| * বিক্ৰমশিলা * ওদন্তপুৰী }} | reincarnation of = | teachers = জ্ঞানশ্ৰীমিত্ৰ | students = ড্ৰমটন | spouse = | children = }} {{Buddhism}} '''অতীশ দীপাংকৰ শ্ৰীজ্ঞান''' (সংস্কৃত লিপ্যন্তৰ: Atīśa Dīpaṅkara Śrījñāna) (অনুমাণিক ৯৮২–১০৫৪ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) এগৰাকী [[বঙালী জাতি|বঙালী]] [[বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম|বৌদ্ধ]] ধৰ্মীয় গুৰু আৰু নেতা আছিল।<ref name=TBRC>{{cite web |title=Reincarnation |url=http://www.dalailama.com/messages/statement-of-his-holiness-the-fourteenth-dalai-lama-tenzin-gyatso-on-the-issue-of-his-reincarnation |website=Dalailama |publisher=The Dalai Lama |access-date=20 May 2015 |archive-date=14 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514084334/http://www.dalailama.com/messages/statement-of-his-holiness-the-fourteenth-dalai-lama-tenzin-gyatso-on-the-issue-of-his-reincarnation |url-status=dead |archivedate=14 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514084334/http://www.dalailama.com/messages/statement-of-his-holiness-the-fourteenth-dalai-lama-tenzin-gyatso-on-the-issue-of-his-reincarnation |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁ সাধাৰণতে বৰ্তমানৰ ভাৰতৰ [[বিহাৰ]] ৰাজ্যত অৱস্থিত বিক্ৰমশীলা মঠত ৰচনা কৰা তেওঁৰ কৰ্মৰাজিৰ বাবে জনাজাত।<ref name="Westerhoff2018">{{cite book |author=Jan Westerhoff |title=The Golden Age of Indian Buddhist Philosophy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DYFZDwAAQBAJ |year=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-873266-2 |page=276}}</ref> এছিয়াত একাদশ শতিকাৰ [[মহাযান]] আৰু বজ্ৰযান বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ প্ৰসাৰত তেওঁ সুমাত্ৰা আৰু তিব্বত ভ্ৰমণ কৰিছিল। এই মুখ্য শিষ্য ড্ৰমটনৰ সৈতে অতীশক তিব্বতী বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ অন্যতম নতুন অনুবাদ আশ্ৰম কদম আশ্ৰমৰ প্ৰতিষ্থাপক হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/pov/myreincarnation/tibetan-buddhism-glossary.php |title=Tibetan Buddhism from A to Z - My Reincarnation - POV |last=POV |website=[[PBS]] |access-date=24 August 2017 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151141/http://www.pbs.org/pov/myreincarnation/tibetan-buddhism-glossary.php |url-status=dead |archivedate=24 September 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151141/http://www.pbs.org/pov/myreincarnation/tibetan-buddhism-glossary.php |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চতুৰ্দশ শতিকাত কদম আশ্ৰমৰ ঠাই লয় গেলুগ পৰম্পৰাই, যিয়ে ইয়াৰ শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰি ইয়াৰ মঠসমূহ গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://treasuryoflives.org/en/tradition/Kadam |title=Kadam - The Treasury of Lives: A Biographical Encyclopedia of Tibet, Inner Asia and the Himalayan Region |website=The Treasury of Lives |language=en |access-date=11 December 2018}}</ref> == জীৱনী == === প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন === অনুমাণিক ৯৮২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত, বিক্ৰমপুৰ চহৰৰ বংগৰ এটা শাসক পৰিয়ালত চন্দ্ৰগৰ্ভ নামেৰে অতীশৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref>[[Maha Bodhi Society]], ''The Maha Bodhi'', Volume 90, p. 238.</ref> পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ তিনিজন পুত্ৰৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁ দ্বিতীয় সন্তান আছিল। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ কল্যাণশ্ৰী নামেৰে পৰিচিত ৰজা আৰু মাতৃ প্ৰভাতি শ্ৰী আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Atisa Dipamkara |url=https://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Atiśa-Dīpaṃkara/5717 |website=[[The Treasury of Lives]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ATĪŚA ou ATĪSHA |url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/atisa-atisha/ |website=[[Encyclopædia Universalis]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref> তেওঁৰ জীৱনৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক সময়খিনি সেই সময়ৰ সম্ভ্ৰান্ত লোকসকলৰ বাবে সাধাৰণ আছিল আৰু তেওঁ শিল্পকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্ৰত প্ৰশিক্ষণ লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name=BrillAtisa>{{cite journal |last1=Roesler |first1=Ulrike |title=Atiśa and the Bka' gdams pa Masters |journal=Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Online |url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/ENBO/COM-2181.xml}}</ref> তেওঁৰ একবীৰসাধন আৰু বলবিধি নামৰ গ্ৰন্থ দুখনত তেওঁক "বাঙালী" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite book |title=Charjacharjo Binishchay, Sarojbajrer Dohakosh, Kanhopader Dohakosh O Dakarnab |year=1916 |last=Shastri |first=Haraprasad |page=22 |language=Bengali}}</ref> === অধ্যয়ন === ডেকা অৱস্থাত তেওঁ বৰ্তমানৰ ৰাজগীৰত তন্ত্ৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে, যʼত তেওঁক ৰাহুলাঘুহ্যবজ্ৰ নামৰ এজন সন্ন্যাসীয়ে শিক্ষা দিছিল। ৰাহুলাগুহ্যবজ্ৰৰ অধীনত অতিশক হেৱজ্ৰত দীক্ষা দিয়া হৈছিল আৰু তেওঁ নিৰ্দিষ্ট ধ্যান-ধাৰণাৰ শিক্ষা দিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অৱধূটিপা নামৰ এজন মাষ্টৰৰ অধীনত সাত বছৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰি যোগাসনৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰি গণচক্ৰ নামেৰে জনাজাত তান্ত্ৰিক ভোজত লিপ্ত হয়।<ref name= BrillAtisa /> তিব্বতীয় সূত্ৰ অনুসৰি আতিশাক বোধগয়াত মঠ শ্ৰীলক্ষিতৰদ্বাৰা আঠাইশ বছৰ বয়সত মহাসাংঘিক বংশত নিযুক্তি দিয়া হৈছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ সময়ৰ প্ৰায় সকলো বৌদ্ধ আৰু অবৌদ্ধ বিদ্যালয়ৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল, য'ত বৈষ্ণৱ, শৈৱ ধৰ্ম, তান্ত্ৰিক হিন্দু ধৰ্ম আৰু অন্যান্য প্ৰথাৰ শিক্ষাও আছিল। চৌষষ্ঠিপ্ৰকাৰৰ শিল্প, সংগীত কলা আৰু যুক্তিৰ কলাও অধ্যয়ন কৰি বাইছ বছৰ বয়সলৈকে এই অধ্যয়নসমূহ সম্পন্ন কৰিছিল। তেওঁ অধ্যয়ন কৰা, অনুশীলন কৰা আৰু সংক্ৰমিত কৰা বহু বৌদ্ধ বংশৰ ভিতৰত আসংগ আৰু বসুবন্ধুৱে প্ৰেৰণ কৰা গভীৰ ক্ৰিয়াৰ বংশ, নাগাৰ্জুন আৰু চন্দ্ৰকীৰ্তিৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰেৰণ কৰা গভীৰ দৃষ্টিভংগীৰ বংশ আৰু তিলোপা আৰু নৰোপৰদ্বাৰা সংক্ৰমিত গভীৰ অভিজ্ঞতাৰ বংশ।<ref>Great Kagyu Masters: The Golden Lineage Treasury by Khenpo Konchog Gyaltsen, Snow Lion Publications, pages 154-186</ref>{{Sfn|Buswell|2014|p=247}} এই সময়ছোৱাত অতিতশাই ৰত্নাকৰশান্তি,<ref>{{cite web |title=Ratnākaraśānti |url=https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-buddhism/ratnakarasanti-COM_2051 |publisher=Encyclopedia of Buddhism Online}}</ref> নৰোপ আৰু জিতাৰিকে ধৰি বহু উল্লেখযোগ্য শিক্ষকৰ সৈতে যোগাযোগ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ ওদান্তপুৰী মঠত ধৰ্মাক্ষিত অধ্যয়নও কৰিছিল।<ref name= BrillAtisa /> === বিক্ৰমশিলা === বিক্ৰমশিলাৰ মঠত যি সময়ত এশজনতকৈ অধিক অভিযুক্ত সন্ন্যাসী উপস্থিত নাছিল, সেই সময়ত অতিশই জ্যেষ্ঠ পণ্ডিত হ’বলৈ উঠিছিল। তেওঁৰ জীৱনৰ ওপৰত তিব্বতী হাজিঅ'গ্ৰাফীসমূহে তেওঁক বিক্ৰমশিলাত থাকিবলৈ অন্যতম শ্ৰেষ্ঠ পণ্ডিত হিচাপে চিত্ৰিত কৰাৰ প্ৰৱণতা আছে, যি মহাযান বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ নৈতিকতাৰ প্ৰতি কঠোৰ আনুগত্যৰ বাবে বিখ্যাত হ'ব। এই সময়ছোৱাতে গুগেৰ তিব্বতী ৰাজনীতিৰ ৰজা লা ব্লা মা য়ে শ্বেছ 'অডে বিক্ৰমশিলালৈ মিছন পঠিয়াবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে যাতে পণ্ডিতসকলক গুগে ভ্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ জনায় যাতে তেওঁলোকে "বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ বিশুদ্ধ ৰূপ" শিকাব পাৰে। অৱশেষত অতিশা ১০৪০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত বিক্ৰমশিলা এৰি যায়। তেতিয়াৰ বিক্ৰমশিলৰ মঠৰ মঠ ৰত্নকাৰে অতীশাক যাবলৈ অনুমতি দিছিল যদিও তিনি বছৰৰ পাছত ঘূৰি অহাৰ চৰ্তত।<ref name="BrillAtisa" /> === সুমাত্ৰা আৰু তিব্বতত শিক্ষা === [[File:Mural of Atisha at Ralung Gompa, 1993.jpg|thumb|280px|ৰালুং মঠত আতিশাৰ মিউৰেল, ১৯৯৩। ]] তিব্বতী সূত্ৰত লিপিবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে যে আতিশাই শ্ৰীবিজয়া সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ সুমাত্ৰাত ১২ বছৰ কটায়, আৰু তেওঁ ১০২৫ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত ভাৰতলৈ উভতি যায় যিটোও সেই বছৰতে চোল বংশৰ প্ৰথম ৰাজেন্দ্ৰ চোলাই সুমাত্ৰ আক্ৰমণ কৰিছিল।<ref>Atisa and Tibet: Life and Works of Dipamkara Srijnana by Alaka Chattopadhyaya p.91</ref> ঘূৰি অহাৰ লগে লগে তেওঁৰ শিক্ষা আৰু বিতৰ্ক আৰু দৰ্শনৰ দক্ষতাৰ বাবে তেওঁ বহুত মনোযোগ লাভ কৰিছিল। অবৌদ্ধ উগ্ৰপন্থীসকলক বিতৰ্কত পৰাস্ত কৰাৰ বাবে তিনিটা পৃথক পৃথক সময়ত অতিশাই প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰিছিল।{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}} যেতিয়া তেওঁ বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ বিপথে পৰিচালিত বা অৱনতি ঘটা ৰূপ বুলি ধৰাৰ সংস্পৰ্শলৈ আহিব, তেতিয়া তেওঁ দ্ৰুত আৰু ফলপ্ৰসূভাৱে সংস্কাৰ ৰূপায়ণ কৰিব। অতি সোনকালেই তেওঁক সম্ৰাট ধৰ্মপালে প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা বিক্ৰমশিলত ষ্টুয়াৰ্ড বা মঠৰ পদত নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়।{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} তেওঁ ওদান্তপুৰীকো "পুষ্টি" দিয়া বুলি কোৱা হয়।<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chattopadhyaya |first1=Alaka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8Ssa5r7MZkC&dq=%22Atisa+also+%22nourished%22+Odantapuri%22&pg=PA126 |title=Atīśa and Tibet: Life and Works of Dīpaṃkara Śrījñāna in Relation to the History and Religion of Tibet |last2=Atīśa |date=1981 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0928-4 |pages=126 |language=en}}</ref> ধৰ্মকীৰ্তীশ্ৰীৰ লগত অধ্যয়ন কৰি অহা সুৱৰ্ণভূমিৰপৰা আতিতিৰ উভতি অহা আৰু ভাৰতত তেওঁৰ প্ৰাধান্যৰ উত্থান বৌদ্ধ সংস্কৃতিৰ ফুলনি আৰু অঞ্চলটোত বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ চৰ্চাৰ সৈতে মিল খাইছিল আৰু বহু দিশত আতিশাৰ প্ৰভাৱে এই বিকাশত অৰিহণা যোগাইছিল। ব্লু এনালছৰ মতে, গুগেৰ য়েছে-অ’ নামৰ এজন নতুন ৰজাই তেওঁৰ শৈক্ষিক অনুগামীসকলক সংস্কৃত বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্মৰ কিছুমান গ্ৰন্থ শিকিবলৈ আৰু অনুবাদ কৰিবলৈ পঠিয়াইছিল।<ref>{{cite book |author=bstan pa'i mgon po |title=Blue Annals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3DuVrgEACAAJ |year=1974 |publisher=Lokesh Chandra}}</ref> এই শিক্ষাবিদসকলৰ ভিতৰত নক্টোও আছিল, যাক অৱশেষত বিক্ৰমশিলালৈ পঠিওৱা হৈছিল সংস্কৃত অধ্যয়নৰ বাবে আৰু অতিশক নিজৰ গৃহভূমিত ধৰ্মৰ শিক্ষা দিবলৈ আহিবলৈ অনুৰোধ কৰা হৈছিল। নাক্টছ’ আৰু গ্যা ল’টছাৱাৰ সৈতে যাত্ৰা কৰি আতিশাই পুৰাং ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী টলুংলৈ যোৱাৰ পথত নেপালৰ মাজেৰে যাত্ৰা কৰে। (টলুং পোৱাৰ আগতেই গ্যা লোটছাৱাৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল। ) বাটত তেওঁ মাৰ্পা ল’টছাৱাক লগ পাইছিল বুলি কোৱা হয়। তেওঁ তিনি বছৰ টোলুঙত কটায় আৰু তেওঁৰ শিক্ষাসমূহ সংকলন কৰি তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰভাৱশালী পণ্ডিত গ্ৰন্থ বোধিপথপ্ৰদীপ বা আলোকপ্ৰাপ্তিৰ পথৰ বাবে লেম্পত পৰিণত কৰে। সাতষষ্ঠিটা পদৰ এই চুটি গ্ৰন্থখনে হিনায়ন, মহাযান আৰু বজ্ৰায়ণ নামৰ তিনিটা বাহনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সমগ্ৰ বৌদ্ধ পথটো দাঙি ধৰিছে আৰু লামৰিম বা পথৰ পৰ্যায়সমূহৰ ধাৰাটোৰ পৰৱৰ্তী গ্ৰন্থসমূহৰ বাবে আৰ্হি হৈ পৰিছিল আৰু বিশেষভাৱে ট্ছংখাপৰ লামৰিম লেখাৰ ভিত্তি আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Atisa-Dipamkara/5717 |title=Atisa Dipamkara |website=The Treasury of Lives |language=en |access-date=11 December 2018}}</ref> ইয়াত আতিশাই ড্ৰমটন বা ড্ৰমটনপাক লগ পায়, যি তেওঁৰ প্ৰধান শিষ্য হ'ব, যাক পিছৰ প্ৰসাৰণৰ নৈতিক মানদণ্ডৰ বলবৎকাৰী আৰু আতিশাৰ তান্ত্ৰিক বংশৰ ধাৰী দুয়োটা হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Dromton-Gyelwa-Jungne/4267 |title=Dromton Gyelwa Jungne |website=The Treasury of Lives |language=en |access-date=11 December 2018}}</ref> জামগন কংট্ৰুলৰ মতে, যেতিয়া আতিশাই সম্যেৰ পুথিভঁৰাল পেকাৰ কৰ্ডজলিঙত সংস্কৃত গ্ৰন্থৰ ভঁৰাল আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া "তেওঁ কৈছিল যে তিব্বতত বজ্ৰায়ণ যিমানখিনি বিয়পি পৰিছে, সেয়া ভাৰততো অতুলনীয়। এই কথা কোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ শ্ৰদ্ধাৰে হাত ভাঁজ কৰি পূৰ্বৰ শতিকাৰ মহান ধৰ্মৰজা, অনুবাদক আৰু পণ্ডিতসকলৰ প্ৰশংসা কৰিছিল।" {{Sfn|Tulku|Helm|2006|p=74}} == লিগেচি == ২০০৪ চনত বিবিচিৰ সৰ্বকালৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ বঙালীৰ সমীক্ষাত আতিশাই ১৮ নম্বৰ স্থান লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3623345.stm |title=Listeners name 'greatest Bengali' |date=14 April 2004 |access-date=24 February 2018 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011708/https://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 December 2018 |website=[[The Hindu]] |title=International : Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time' |date=17 April 2004 |access-date=24 February 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011708/https://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm |archivedate=25 December 2018 |deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 4 Num 313 |website=The Daily Star |access-date=24 February 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011711/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |url-status=dead |archivedate=25 December 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011711/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == ৰচনাৱলী == {{Unreferenced section|date= March 2022}} তেওঁৰ লেখাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে: :*''বোধিপথপ্ৰদীপ'' ({{bo|w=byang chub lam gyi sgron ma}}) :*বোধিপথপ্ৰদীপপঞ্জিকানামা (''বোধিপথপ্ৰদীপ''ৰ ওপৰত তেওঁৰ নিজা ধাৰাভাষ্য / byang chub lam gyi sgron ma) :*''চৰ্যাসংগ্ৰহপ্ৰদীপত'' অতিশাৰদ্বাৰা ৰচিত কিছুমান কীৰ্তন শ্লোক আছে। :*''সত্যদ্বৈৱতাৰা'' :*''বোধিসত্ত্বমান্যাৱলী'' :*''মধ্যমকৰত্নপ্ৰদীপ'' :*''মহাযানপথসাধনসংগ্ৰহ'' :*''শিক্ষাসমুচ্চায় অভিসাম্য'' :*''প্ৰজ্ঞাপাৰমিতাপিণ্ডাৰ্থপ্ৰদীপ'' :*''একবীৰসাধনা'' :*''বিমলৰত্নলেখা'', গৌড়ৰ ৰজা নয়পাললৈ লিখা এখন সংস্কৃত পত্ৰ। == তথ্য উৎস == {{reflist|2}} === গ্ৰন্থপঞ্জী === * {{cite book |last=Buswell |first=Robert Jr. |author-link=Robert Buswell Jr. |title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780691157863 |year=2014 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, New Jersey |isbn=9780691157863}} * Khenpo Konchog Gyaltsen, ''Great Kagyu Masters: The Golden Lineage Treasury'', Snow Lion Publications * Geshe Sonam Rinchen, ''Atiśa's Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment'', Snow Lion Publications * {{cite book |last=Khyentse |first=Dilgo |author-link=Dilgo Khyentse |date=1993 |title='Enlightened Courage |location=Ithaca, New York |publisher=[[Snow Lion Publications]] |isbn=1-55939-023-9 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/enlightenedcoura00rabg}} * {{cite book |last1=Tulku |first1=Ringu |last2=Helm |first2=Ann |date=2006 |title=The Ri-Me Philosophy of Jamgon Kongtrul the Great: A Study of the Buddhist Lineages of Tibet |url=https://archive.org/details/rimephilosophyof0000ring |location=Boston |publisher=[[Shambhala Publications]] |isbn=1-59030-286-9}} * {{cite book |last1=Apple |first1=James B. |date=2019 |title=Atisa Dipamkara: Illuminator of the Awakened Mind |location=Boston |publisher=[[Shambhala Publications]] |isbn=978-1611806472}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{Commons|Category:Atisha}} * {{Internet Archive author|name=Atiśa}} * {{Internet Archive author|name=Atisha}} * [http://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/ckeyt/txt3.htm Bibliography of Atisha's works, Item 596] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113104432/http://faculty.washington.edu/kpotter/ckeyt/txt3.htm |date=13 November 2021 }}, Karl Potter, University of Washington * [http://kadampa.org/en/buddhism/advice-from-atisha Advice from Atiśa's Heart] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20251103185248/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dipankar_Srijnan%2C_Atish Atiśa Dipamkara] on Banglapedia * [http://studybuddhism.com/en/tibetan-buddhism/original-texts/sutra-texts/lamp-for-the-path-to-enlightenment English Translation of Lamp to the Path of Enlightenment] (by Dr. Alexander Berzin) {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:অতীশ}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় শিক্ষাবিদ]] 2r21ty4o0uzc1iq75azrihibdn1tved 0 129813 646103 644224 2026-10-19T18:13:33Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 646103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{current}}'''২০২৬''' (দুহাজাৰ ছাব্বিশ চন; MMXXVI) এটা সাধাৰণ বছৰ, যিটো [[গ্ৰেগ'ৰিয়ান কেলেণ্ডাৰ]] অনুসৰি [[বৃহস্পতিবাৰ]]ৰপৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। ই ৩য় সহস্ৰাব্দৰ ২৬ বছৰ আৰু একবিংশ শতিকা আৰু ২০২০ দশকৰ সপ্তম বছৰ। {| class="wikitable" style="width:99%; background-color:#eaf3ff;" | style="text-align:left; padding:30px;" | [[২০২৫ চন|← পূৰ্বৱৰ্তী বছৰ]] | style="text-align:right; padding:30px;" | [[২০২৭ চন|পৰৱৰ্তী বছৰ →]] |} == ২০২৬ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী == === জানুৱাৰী === * '''[[১৯ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি]]ৰ নতুন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সভাপতি হিচাপে নীতিন নবীন নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। * '''[[২০ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[অসম]]ৰ [[কোকৰাঝাৰ জিলা|কোকৰাঝাৰ]]ত এজন যুৱকৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি হোৱা হিংসাত্মক সংঘৰ্ষত দুজন লোকৰ প্ৰাণহানি হয়। * '''[[২৬ জানুৱাৰী]]''': নতুন ইউজিচি বিল ২০২৬-ক বিৰোধিতা কৰি ভাৰতজুৰি শিক্ষাৰ্থী আৰু শিক্ষক সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয়। * '''[[২৭ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ]]ই মুক্ত বাণিজ্য চুক্তি (FTA)ৰ বাবে আলোচনা সমাপ্ত কৰে।<ref name="EUIndiaFTA">{{Cite web |url=https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/india_en |title=EU trade relations with India |website=European Commission |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২৮ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ উপ-মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী অজিত পাৱাৰকে ধৰি পাঁচজন লোক বাৰামতীত এখন লেয়াৰজেট ৪৫ বিমান দুৰ্ঘটনাত নিহত হয়। * '''[[২৯ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]]ে ইউজিচি ইকুইটি ৰেগুলেচন, ২০২৬-ৰ কাৰ্যকৰীকৰণৰ সন্দৰ্ভত সাময়িক স্থগিতাদেশ জাৰি কৰে। === ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী === * '''[[২ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ মাজত বাণিজ্যিক আলোচনাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অগ্ৰগতি হয়। পৰৱৰ্তী যৌথ ঘোষণাত ভাৰতৰ ওপৰত প্ৰযোজ্য পাৰস্পৰিক শুল্ক ১৮%লৈ হ্ৰাস কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref name="USIndiaTrade">{{Cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/02/fact-sheet-the-united-states-and-india-announce-historic-trade-deal/ |title=Fact Sheet: The United States and India Announce Historic Trade Deal |website=The White House |date=2026-02-09 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৪ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[মণিপুৰ]]ত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি শাসনৰ অন্ত পৰে আৰু য়ুমনাম খেমচান্দ সিঙে ৰাজ্যখনৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে শপত গ্ৰহণ কৰে। * '''[[৫ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[মেঘালয়]]ৰ পূব জয়ন্তীয়া পাহাৰ জিলাৰ এটা অবৈধ কয়লা খনিত হোৱা বিস্ফোৰণত কমেও ১৮জন শ্ৰমিকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="MeghalayaMine">{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/meghalaya-rat-hole-mine-explosion-dead-injured-10515560/ |title=18 killed, several feared trapped after explosion in Meghalaya rat-hole mine |website=The Indian Express |date=2026-02-06 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[ইটালী]]ৰ মিলান আৰু কৰ্টিনাত ২০২৬ চনৰ শীতকালীন অলিম্পিক ক্ৰীড়া মহোৎসৱৰ শুভাৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="Olympics2026">{{Cite web |url=https://newsroom.olympics.com/record/1669 |title=Opening Ceremony of the Olympic Winter Games Milano Cortina 2026 to be a celebration of Harmony |website=Olympics Newsroom |date=2025-10-16 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৭ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': ভাৰত আৰু শ্ৰীলংকাৰ যৌথ আয়োজনত ২০২৬ চনৰ পুৰুষ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপ ক্ৰিকেট প্ৰতিযোগিতা আৰম্ভ হয়। * '''[[১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': নতুন দিল্লীৰ ভাৰত মণ্ডপমত [[ভাৰত]]-এআই ইমপেক্ট ছামিট ২০২৬ (India AI Impact Summit 2026) আৰু এআই ইমপেক্ট এক্সপ'ৰ কাৰ্যসূচী আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="AIImpact">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-inaugurate-india-ai-impact-expo-2026-on-16th-february/ |title=PM to inaugurate India AI Impact Expo 2026 on 16th February |website=Prime Minister of India |date=2026-02-02 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৯ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[নতুন দিল্লী]]ত ভাৰত-এআই ইমপেক্ট ছামিটৰ মূল উদ্বোধনী অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="AISummit">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-inaugurate-india-ai-impact-summit-2026-on-19-february/ |title=PM to inaugurate India AI Impact Summit 2026 on 19 February |website=Prime Minister of India |date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২১ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ খনিজ পদাৰ্থ আৰু বিৰল ভূ-উপাদানৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সহযোগিতা বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[ব্ৰাজিল]]ৰ মাজত দ্বিপাক্ষিক চুক্তি সম্পৰ্কে ঘোষণা কৰা হয়। === মাৰ্চ === * '''[[৮ মাৰ্চ]]''': [[ভাৰত]]ে [[নিউজিলেণ্ড]]ক ৯৬ ৰানত পৰাস্ত কৰি ২০২৬ চনৰ আইচিচি পুৰুষ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰে। ভাৰত প্ৰথমটো দল হিচাপে একেৰাহে দুবাৰ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰে।<ref name="T20Final">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/matches/268129/india-vs-new-zealand |title=India vs. New Zealand — ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2026 Final |website=International Cricket Council |date=2026-03-08 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৩ মাৰ্চ]]''': প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদী]]ৰ অসম ভ্ৰমণৰ সময়ত অসম মালা ৩.০-ৰ ভূমি পূজন সম্পন্ন হয়। এই আঁচনিৰ অধীনত ৰাজ্যখনত ৯০০ কিলোমিটাৰতকৈ অধিক পথ নিৰ্মাণৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হয়।<ref name="AssamMala3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-visit-assam-on-13-14-march/ |title=PM to visit Assam on 13-14 March |website=Prime Minister of India |date=2026-03-12 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৪ মাৰ্চ]]''': প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ অসম ভ্ৰমণৰ দ্বিতীয় দিনা চাহ বাগিচাৰ শ্ৰমিকসকলৰ বাবে ভূমিৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু বিভিন্ন আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে জড়িত কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="AssamMala3"/> * '''[[২৮ মাৰ্চ]]''': ২০২৬ চনৰ অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰস্তুতিৰ অংশ হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিভিন্ন প্ৰক্ৰিয়া আগবাঢ়ে। === এপ্ৰিল === * '''[[৯ এপ্ৰিল]]''': ২০২৬ চনৰ অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচনৰ ১২৬টা বিধানসভা সমষ্টিতে ভোটগ্ৰহণ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="AssamElectionSchedule">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/ |title=General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Assam, 2026 — Schedule |website=Election Commission of India |date=2026-03-15 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৮ এপ্ৰিল]]''': বিশ্ব ঐতিহ্য দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন ঐতিহাসিক আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক ঐতিহ্যস্থলীত সজাগতা কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। === মে' === * '''[[৪ মে']]''': [[অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচন, ২০২৬|অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচন]]ৰ ভোটগণনা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। ১২৬টা সমষ্টিৰ ফলাফল ঘোষণা কৰা হয়। [[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি]]য়ে ৮২খন, [[ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্ৰেছ]]ে ১৯খন, [[বড়োলেণ্ড পিপলছ ফ্ৰণ্ট]]ে ১০খন আৰু [[অসম গণ পৰিষদ]]ে ১০খন আসন লাভ কৰে।<ref name="AssamResults">{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/partywiseresult-S03.htm |title=Assam — Party Wise Results, General Election to Assembly Constituencies, May 2026 |website=Election Commission of India |date=2026-05-05 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৮ মে']]''': [[অসম]] চৰকাৰৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিক্ৰমা দপ্তৰৰ উদ্যোগত সুধাকণ্ঠ [[ভূপেন হাজৰিকা]]ৰ স্মৃতিত বিভিন্ন সাংস্কৃতিক কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[১৫ মে']]''': [[ভাৰতীয় বতৰ বিজ্ঞান বিভাগ]]ে উত্তৰ-পূব ভাৰতত প্ৰাক্-মৌচুমী বৰষুণ আৰু ধুমুহাৰ সম্পৰ্কে সতৰ্কবাণী জাৰি কৰে। * '''[[২০ মে']]''': গুৱাহাটীত উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ উন্নয়ন আৰু বাণিজ্য সম্প্ৰসাৰণক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি উদ্যোগিক সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[২৪ মে']]''': বিশ্ব পৰিভ্ৰমী পক্ষী দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন জলাশয়ত পৰিভ্ৰমী পক্ষী আৰু জলাশয় সংৰক্ষণ সম্পৰ্কে সজাগতা কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[৩১ মে']]''': বিশ্ব ধঁপাতবিৰোধী দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন স্থানত ধঁপাতবিৰোধী সজাগতা অভিযান অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। === জুন === * '''[[১১ জুন]]''': [[মেক্সিকো]], [[কানাডা]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ যৌথ আয়োজনত ২০২৬ চনৰ [[ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ]] ফুটবল প্ৰতিযোগিতা মেক্সিকো চিটিত উদ্বোধনী মেচেৰে আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="FIFA2026">{{Cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/fifa-world-cup-26-match-schedule-revealed |title=FIFA World Cup 26 match schedule revealed |website=FIFA |date=2024-02-04 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২২ জুন]]''': অসমৰ [[কামাখ্যা মন্দিৰ]]ত বাৰ্ষিক [[অম্বুবাচী মেলা]]ৰ প্ৰবৃত্তি আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশ-বিদেশৰ ভক্তৰ সমাগম ঘটে। === জুলাই === * '''[[১৯ জুলাই]]''': [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ নিউয়ৰ্ক-নিউ জাৰ্ছি অঞ্চলত ২০২৬ চনৰ [[ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ]]ৰ ফাইনেল অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="FIFA2026"/> * '''[[২৪ জুলাই]]''': অসমৰ চাহ বাগিচা অঞ্চলসমূহৰ শিক্ষা আৰু আন্তঃগাঁথনি উন্নয়নৰ বাবে বিভিন্ন চৰকাৰী পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হয়। * '''[[২৯ জুলাই]]''': অসমত ধাৰাসাৰ বৰষুণৰ সম্ভাৱনাৰ প্ৰতি লক্ষ্য ৰাখি অসম ৰাজ্যিক দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰাধিকৰণে সতৰ্কতামূলক ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="ASDMA2026">{{Cite web |url=https://asdma.assam.gov.in/resource/press-release |title=Press Releases — Assam State Disaster Management Authority |website=Government of Assam |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৩০ জুলাই]]''': [[২০২৬ চনৰ ব্ৰড পিক হিমস্খলন]]ৰ ফলত দহজন পৰ্বতাৰোহীৰ মৃত্যু হয়। === আগষ্ট === * '''[[১ আগষ্ট]]''': ৰাজ্যখনৰ কেইবাখনো জিলাত বানপানীৰ পৰিস্থিতি সৃষ্টি হয়। ৮ আগষ্টলৈ ১৩খন জিলাৰ প্ৰায় ১.৫৫ লাখ লোক বানপানীৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰভাৱিত হোৱা বুলি চৰকাৰী তথ্যৰ ভিত্তিত প্ৰকাশ পায়।<ref name="AssamFlood2026">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-floods-toll-rises-to-98-1-55-lakh-affected-across-13-districts-door-to-door-survey-from-aug-9/amp_articleshow/133045362.cms |title=Assam floods toll rises to 98; 1.55 lakh affected across 13 districts |website=The Times of India |date=2026-08-08 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৮ আগষ্ট]]''': অসমত বানপানীৰ পৰিস্থিতি অব্যাহত থকাৰ সময়ত ১৩খন জিলাত প্ৰায় ১.৫৫ লাখ লোক প্ৰভাৱিত হোৱা বুলি প্ৰকাশ পায়।<ref name="AssamFlood2026"/> === ছেপ্টেম্বৰ === * '''[[১৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]]''': নতুন দিল্লীৰ যশোভূমিত SEMICON India 2026-ৰ উদ্বোধন প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদী]]য়ে কৰে। সন্মিলনখন ১৭–১৯ ছেপ্টেম্বৰলৈ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="Semicon2026">{{Cite web |url=https://www.semiconindia.org/about/overview |title=SEMICON India 2026 — Overview |website=SEMICON India |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]]''': বিশ্ব গঁড় দিৱস উপলক্ষে [[কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উদ্যান]] আৰু [[পবিতৰা অভয়াৰণ্য]]ত এশিঙীয়া গঁড় সংৰক্ষণ আৰু সজাগতা সম্পৰ্কীয় বিভিন্ন কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[২৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]]''': বিশ্ব পৰ্যটন দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন পৰ্যটনস্থলীত পৰ্যটন আৰু স্থানীয় উদ্যোগক উদগনি দিয়াৰ উদ্দেশ্যে বিভিন্ন কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। === অক্টোবৰ === *'''[[১৭ অক্টোবৰ]]''': [[পশ্চিমবংগ]]ৰ [[কলকাতা]]ৰ চোৰবাগান সৰ্বজনীন দুৰ্গাপূজা মণ্ডপত এক [[২০২৬ চনৰ কলকাতা দুৰ্গাপূজাৰ পদপিষ্ট হোৱাৰ ঘটনা|শোকাৱহ পদপিষ্টৰ ঘটনা]] সংঘটিত হয়। অত্যধিক ভিৰৰ বাবে হোৱা এই জনসমাগমজনিত দুৰ্ঘটনাত কমেও ১৯ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাৰ লগতে ৩৫ জন লোক আহত হৈছে। === নৱেম্বৰ === === ডিচেম্বৰ === ==৩০২৬ চনত মৃত্যু== {{মূল|২০২৬ চনত মৃত্যু}} ==২০২৬ চনত ভাৰত== {{মূল|২০২৬ চনত ভাৰত}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:বৰ্ষ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:শেহতীয়া ঘটনাৱলী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:২০২৬ চন]] lp3nfmbqlvmhkgvslx019d7beka6p0y 646104 646103 2026-10-19T18:14:09Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 646104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{current}}'''২০২৬''' (দুহাজাৰ ছাব্বিশ চন; MMXXVI) এটা সাধাৰণ বছৰ, যিটো [[গ্ৰেগ'ৰিয়ান কেলেণ্ডাৰ]] অনুসৰি [[বৃহস্পতিবাৰ]]ৰপৰা আৰম্ভ হয়। ই ৩য় সহস্ৰাব্দৰ ২৬ বছৰ আৰু একবিংশ শতিকা আৰু ২০২০ দশকৰ সপ্তম বছৰ। {| class="wikitable" style="width:99%; background-color:#eaf3ff;" | style="text-align:left; padding:30px;" | [[২০২৫ চন|← পূৰ্বৱৰ্তী বছৰ]] | style="text-align:right; padding:30px;" | [[২০২৭ চন|পৰৱৰ্তী বছৰ →]] |} == ২০২৬ চনৰ ঘটনাৱলী == === জানুৱাৰী === * '''[[১৯ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি]]ৰ নতুন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সভাপতি হিচাপে নীতিন নবীন নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। * '''[[২০ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[অসম]]ৰ [[কোকৰাঝাৰ জিলা|কোকৰাঝাৰ]]ত এজন যুৱকৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি হোৱা হিংসাত্মক সংঘৰ্ষত দুজন লোকৰ প্ৰাণহানি হয়। * '''[[২৬ জানুৱাৰী]]''': নতুন ইউজিচি বিল ২০২৬-ক বিৰোধিতা কৰি ভাৰতজুৰি শিক্ষাৰ্থী আৰু শিক্ষক সমাজৰ প্ৰতিবাদ আৰম্ভ হয়। * '''[[২৭ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ]]ই মুক্ত বাণিজ্য চুক্তি (FTA)ৰ বাবে আলোচনা সমাপ্ত কৰে।<ref name="EUIndiaFTA">{{Cite web |url=https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/india_en |title=EU trade relations with India |website=European Commission |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২৮ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ উপ-মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী অজিত পাৱাৰকে ধৰি পাঁচজন লোক বাৰামতীত এখন লেয়াৰজেট ৪৫ বিমান দুৰ্ঘটনাত নিহত হয়। * '''[[২৯ জানুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰতৰ উচ্চতম ন্যায়ালয়]]ে ইউজিচি ইকুইটি ৰেগুলেচন, ২০২৬-ৰ কাৰ্যকৰীকৰণৰ সন্দৰ্ভত সাময়িক স্থগিতাদেশ জাৰি কৰে। === ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী === * '''[[২ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ মাজত বাণিজ্যিক আলোচনাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অগ্ৰগতি হয়। পৰৱৰ্তী যৌথ ঘোষণাত ভাৰতৰ ওপৰত প্ৰযোজ্য পাৰস্পৰিক শুল্ক ১৮%লৈ হ্ৰাস কৰাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref name="USIndiaTrade">{{Cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/02/fact-sheet-the-united-states-and-india-announce-historic-trade-deal/ |title=Fact Sheet: The United States and India Announce Historic Trade Deal |website=The White House |date=2026-02-09 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৪ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[মণিপুৰ]]ত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি শাসনৰ অন্ত পৰে আৰু য়ুমনাম খেমচান্দ সিঙে ৰাজ্যখনৰ মুখ্যমন্ত্ৰী হিচাপে শপত গ্ৰহণ কৰে। * '''[[৫ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[মেঘালয়]]ৰ পূব জয়ন্তীয়া পাহাৰ জিলাৰ এটা অবৈধ কয়লা খনিত হোৱা বিস্ফোৰণত কমেও ১৮জন শ্ৰমিকৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="MeghalayaMine">{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/meghalaya-rat-hole-mine-explosion-dead-injured-10515560/ |title=18 killed, several feared trapped after explosion in Meghalaya rat-hole mine |website=The Indian Express |date=2026-02-06 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[ইটালী]]ৰ মিলান আৰু কৰ্টিনাত ২০২৬ চনৰ শীতকালীন অলিম্পিক ক্ৰীড়া মহোৎসৱৰ শুভাৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="Olympics2026">{{Cite web |url=https://newsroom.olympics.com/record/1669 |title=Opening Ceremony of the Olympic Winter Games Milano Cortina 2026 to be a celebration of Harmony |website=Olympics Newsroom |date=2025-10-16 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৭ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': ভাৰত আৰু শ্ৰীলংকাৰ যৌথ আয়োজনত ২০২৬ চনৰ পুৰুষ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপ ক্ৰিকেট প্ৰতিযোগিতা আৰম্ভ হয়। * '''[[১৬ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': নতুন দিল্লীৰ ভাৰত মণ্ডপমত [[ভাৰত]]-এআই ইমপেক্ট ছামিট ২০২৬ (India AI Impact Summit 2026) আৰু এআই ইমপেক্ট এক্সপ'ৰ কাৰ্যসূচী আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="AIImpact">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-inaugurate-india-ai-impact-expo-2026-on-16th-february/ |title=PM to inaugurate India AI Impact Expo 2026 on 16th February |website=Prime Minister of India |date=2026-02-02 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৯ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': [[নতুন দিল্লী]]ত ভাৰত-এআই ইমপেক্ট ছামিটৰ মূল উদ্বোধনী অনুষ্ঠান অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="AISummit">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-inaugurate-india-ai-impact-summit-2026-on-19-february/ |title=PM to inaugurate India AI Impact Summit 2026 on 19 February |website=Prime Minister of India |date=2026-02-17 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২১ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী]]''': গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ খনিজ পদাৰ্থ আৰু বিৰল ভূ-উপাদানৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সহযোগিতা বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[ব্ৰাজিল]]ৰ মাজত দ্বিপাক্ষিক চুক্তি সম্পৰ্কে ঘোষণা কৰা হয়। === মাৰ্চ === * '''[[৮ মাৰ্চ]]''': [[ভাৰত]]ে [[নিউজিলেণ্ড]]ক ৯৬ ৰানত পৰাস্ত কৰি ২০২৬ চনৰ আইচিচি পুৰুষ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰে। ভাৰত প্ৰথমটো দল হিচাপে একেৰাহে দুবাৰ টি-২০ বিশ্বকাপ খিতাপ জয় কৰে।<ref name="T20Final">{{Cite web |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/matches/268129/india-vs-new-zealand |title=India vs. New Zealand — ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2026 Final |website=International Cricket Council |date=2026-03-08 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৩ মাৰ্চ]]''': প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদী]]ৰ অসম ভ্ৰমণৰ সময়ত অসম মালা ৩.০-ৰ ভূমি পূজন সম্পন্ন হয়। এই আঁচনিৰ অধীনত ৰাজ্যখনত ৯০০ কিলোমিটাৰতকৈ অধিক পথ নিৰ্মাণৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হয়।<ref name="AssamMala3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/pm-to-visit-assam-on-13-14-march/ |title=PM to visit Assam on 13-14 March |website=Prime Minister of India |date=2026-03-12 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৪ মাৰ্চ]]''': প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰীৰ অসম ভ্ৰমণৰ দ্বিতীয় দিনা চাহ বাগিচাৰ শ্ৰমিকসকলৰ বাবে ভূমিৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু বিভিন্ন আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতে জড়িত কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="AssamMala3"/> * '''[[২৮ মাৰ্চ]]''': ২০২৬ চনৰ অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচনৰ প্ৰস্তুতিৰ অংশ হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিভিন্ন প্ৰক্ৰিয়া আগবাঢ়ে। === এপ্ৰিল === * '''[[৯ এপ্ৰিল]]''': ২০২৬ চনৰ অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচনৰ ১২৬টা বিধানসভা সমষ্টিতে ভোটগ্ৰহণ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="AssamElectionSchedule">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/ |title=General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Assam, 2026 — Schedule |website=Election Commission of India |date=2026-03-15 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[১৮ এপ্ৰিল]]''': বিশ্ব ঐতিহ্য দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন ঐতিহাসিক আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক ঐতিহ্যস্থলীত সজাগতা কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। === মে' === * '''[[৪ মে']]''': [[অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচন, ২০২৬|অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচন]]ৰ ভোটগণনা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। ১২৬টা সমষ্টিৰ ফলাফল ঘোষণা কৰা হয়। [[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টি]]য়ে ৮২খন, [[ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্ৰেছ]]ে ১৯খন, [[বড়োলেণ্ড পিপলছ ফ্ৰণ্ট]]ে ১০খন আৰু [[অসম গণ পৰিষদ]]ে ১০খন আসন লাভ কৰে।<ref name="AssamResults">{{Cite web |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMay2026/partywiseresult-S03.htm |title=Assam — Party Wise Results, General Election to Assembly Constituencies, May 2026 |website=Election Commission of India |date=2026-05-05 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৮ মে']]''': [[অসম]] চৰকাৰৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিক্ৰমা দপ্তৰৰ উদ্যোগত সুধাকণ্ঠ [[ভূপেন হাজৰিকা]]ৰ স্মৃতিত বিভিন্ন সাংস্কৃতিক কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[১৫ মে']]''': [[ভাৰতীয় বতৰ বিজ্ঞান বিভাগ]]ে উত্তৰ-পূব ভাৰতত প্ৰাক্-মৌচুমী বৰষুণ আৰু ধুমুহাৰ সম্পৰ্কে সতৰ্কবাণী জাৰি কৰে। * '''[[২০ মে']]''': গুৱাহাটীত উত্তৰ-পূৰ্বাঞ্চলৰ উন্নয়ন আৰু বাণিজ্য সম্প্ৰসাৰণক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি উদ্যোগিক সন্মিলন অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[২৪ মে']]''': বিশ্ব পৰিভ্ৰমী পক্ষী দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন জলাশয়ত পৰিভ্ৰমী পক্ষী আৰু জলাশয় সংৰক্ষণ সম্পৰ্কে সজাগতা কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[৩১ মে']]''': বিশ্ব ধঁপাতবিৰোধী দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন স্থানত ধঁপাতবিৰোধী সজাগতা অভিযান অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। === জুন === * '''[[১১ জুন]]''': [[মেক্সিকো]], [[কানাডা]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ যৌথ আয়োজনত ২০২৬ চনৰ [[ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ]] ফুটবল প্ৰতিযোগিতা মেক্সিকো চিটিত উদ্বোধনী মেচেৰে আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref name="FIFA2026">{{Cite web |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/fifa-world-cup-26-match-schedule-revealed |title=FIFA World Cup 26 match schedule revealed |website=FIFA |date=2024-02-04 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২২ জুন]]''': অসমৰ [[কামাখ্যা মন্দিৰ]]ত বাৰ্ষিক [[অম্বুবাচী মেলা]]ৰ প্ৰবৃত্তি আৰম্ভ হয় আৰু দেশ-বিদেশৰ ভক্তৰ সমাগম ঘটে। === জুলাই === * '''[[১৯ জুলাই]]''': [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ নিউয়ৰ্ক-নিউ জাৰ্ছি অঞ্চলত ২০২৬ চনৰ [[ফিফা বিশ্বকাপ]]ৰ ফাইনেল অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="FIFA2026"/> * '''[[২৪ জুলাই]]''': অসমৰ চাহ বাগিচা অঞ্চলসমূহৰ শিক্ষা আৰু আন্তঃগাঁথনি উন্নয়নৰ বাবে বিভিন্ন চৰকাৰী পদক্ষেপ গ্ৰহণ কৰা হয়। * '''[[২৯ জুলাই]]''': অসমত ধাৰাসাৰ বৰষুণৰ সম্ভাৱনাৰ প্ৰতি লক্ষ্য ৰাখি অসম ৰাজ্যিক দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰাধিকৰণে সতৰ্কতামূলক ব্যৱস্থা গ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="ASDMA2026">{{Cite web |url=https://asdma.assam.gov.in/resource/press-release |title=Press Releases — Assam State Disaster Management Authority |website=Government of Assam |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৩০ জুলাই]]''': [[২০২৬ চনৰ ব্ৰড পিক হিমস্খলন]]ৰ ফলত দহজন পৰ্বতাৰোহীৰ মৃত্যু হয়। === আগষ্ট === * '''[[১ আগষ্ট]]''': ৰাজ্যখনৰ কেইবাখনো জিলাত বানপানীৰ পৰিস্থিতি সৃষ্টি হয়। ৮ আগষ্টলৈ ১৩খন জিলাৰ প্ৰায় ১.৫৫ লাখ লোক বানপানীৰ দ্বাৰা প্ৰভাৱিত হোৱা বুলি চৰকাৰী তথ্যৰ ভিত্তিত প্ৰকাশ পায়।<ref name="AssamFlood2026">{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/assam-floods-toll-rises-to-98-1-55-lakh-affected-across-13-districts-door-to-door-survey-from-aug-9/amp_articleshow/133045362.cms |title=Assam floods toll rises to 98; 1.55 lakh affected across 13 districts |website=The Times of India |date=2026-08-08 |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[৮ আগষ্ট]]''': অসমত বানপানীৰ পৰিস্থিতি অব্যাহত থকাৰ সময়ত ১৩খন জিলাত প্ৰায় ১.৫৫ লাখ লোক প্ৰভাৱিত হোৱা বুলি প্ৰকাশ পায়।<ref name="AssamFlood2026"/> === ছেপ্টেম্বৰ === * '''[[১৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]]''': নতুন দিল্লীৰ যশোভূমিত SEMICON India 2026-ৰ উদ্বোধন প্ৰধানমন্ত্ৰী [[নৰেন্দ্ৰ মোদী]]য়ে কৰে। সন্মিলনখন ১৭–১৯ ছেপ্টেম্বৰলৈ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref name="Semicon2026">{{Cite web |url=https://www.semiconindia.org/about/overview |title=SEMICON India 2026 — Overview |website=SEMICON India |access-date=2026-10-01}}</ref> * '''[[২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]]''': বিশ্ব গঁড় দিৱস উপলক্ষে [[কাজিৰঙা ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উদ্যান]] আৰু [[পবিতৰা অভয়াৰণ্য]]ত এশিঙীয়া গঁড় সংৰক্ষণ আৰু সজাগতা সম্পৰ্কীয় বিভিন্ন কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। * '''[[২৭ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ]]''': বিশ্ব পৰ্যটন দিৱস উপলক্ষে অসমৰ বিভিন্ন পৰ্যটনস্থলীত পৰ্যটন আৰু স্থানীয় উদ্যোগক উদগনি দিয়াৰ উদ্দেশ্যে বিভিন্ন কাৰ্যসূচী অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। === অক্টোবৰ === *'''[[১৭ অক্টোবৰ]]''': [[পশ্চিমবংগ]]ৰ [[কলকাতা]]ৰ চোৰবাগান সৰ্বজনীন দুৰ্গাপূজা মণ্ডপত এক [[২০২৬ চনৰ কলকাতা দুৰ্গাপূজাৰ পদপিষ্ট হোৱাৰ ঘটনা|শোকাৱহ পদপিষ্টৰ ঘটনা]] সংঘটিত হয়। অত্যধিক ভিৰৰ বাবে হোৱা এই জনসমাগমজনিত দুৰ্ঘটনাত কমেও ১৯ জন লোকৰ মৃত্যু হোৱাৰ লগতে ৩৫ জন লোক আহত হৈছে। === নৱেম্বৰ === === ডিচেম্বৰ === ==২০২৬ চনত মৃত্যু== {{মূল|২০২৬ চনত মৃত্যু}} ==২০২৬ চনত ভাৰত== {{মূল|২০২৬ চনত ভাৰত}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:বৰ্ষ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:শেহতীয়া ঘটনাৱলী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:২০২৬ চন]] jyzbp9cboz5tq55lt74wqks5y43hp9j 0 131309 646092 576549 2026-10-19T17:58:26Z Dipankar Das 36094 added [[Category:হিন্দু দাৰ্শনিক ধাৰণা]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''পঞ্চীকৰণ''' ([[সংস্কৃত ভাষা|সংস্কৃত]]: पञ्चीकरण; IAST: ''Pañcīkaraṇa''; অৰ্থ: “পাঁচটা কৰা”) এক [[বেদান্ত]]-ভিত্তিক তত্ত্ব, য’ত মূল পাঁচটা সূক্ষ্ম উপাদানৰ পৰা পদাৰ্থৰ সৃষ্টি কেনেদৰে ঘটিল তাৰ ব্যাখ্যা কৰা হয়।<ref>Adi Sankara (1962), ''Panchikaranam'', Ramakrishna Mission Sevashrama</ref> এই তত্ত্বৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় ধাৰণা অনুসৰি সূক্ষ্ম পদাৰ্থ ক্ৰমে স্থূল পদাৰ্থ (gross matter)লৈ পৰিণত হয়।<ref>Sri Ramakrishna Math, ''Pancadasi of Sri Vidyaranya Swami'', p. 15</ref> == ইতিহাস == [[আদি শংকৰ|আদি শংকৰাচাৰ্য]]ই এই তত্ত্বৰ ওপৰত ''পঞ্চীকৰণং'' নামৰ এখন গ্ৰন্থ ৰচনা কৰিছিল।<ref>Adi Sankara (1962), ''Panchikaranam'', Ramakrishna Mission Sevashrama</ref> তেওঁৰ শিষ্য [[মণ্ডন মিশ্ৰ]]ই (সুৰেশ্বৰাচাৰ্য) এই বিষয়টো বিস্তাৰ কৰিছিল পাছলৈ।<ref>Fitzedward Hall (1859), ''A Contribution Towards an Index to the Bibliography of Indian..'', p. 139</ref> পাছলৈ [[ৰামানন্দ সৰস্বতী]]য়ে ২৪০০ শ্লোকত আৰু [[আনন্দ গিৰি]]য়ে ১৬০ শ্লোকত এই তত্ত্বৰ ওপৰত ভাষ্য লিখি উলিয়াইছিল।<ref>Fitzedward Hall (1859), p. 139</ref><ref>''Sri Shankarabhagavatapada Panchikaranam'' (1979), Mahesh Research Institute</ref> [[ছান্দোগ্য উপনিষদ]]ত “[[ত্ৰিবৃৎকৰণ]]” নামৰ ত্ৰিবিভাজন-তত্ত্বৰ উল্লেখ আছে, যাৰ পৰা পঞ্চীকৰণ তত্ত্বৰ বিকাশ হোৱা বুলি অনুমান কৰা হয়।<ref>Ramachandra Dattatrya Ranade, ''A Constructive Survey of Upanishadic Philosophy'', Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p. 62</ref> [[শ্ৰীমৎ দেবী ভাগৱতম্‌]] গ্ৰন্থত [[নাৰদ]]ৰ উদ্দেশ্যে এই তত্ত্বৰ বৰ্ণনা আছে বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>Swami Vijnananda (2004), ''Srimad Devi Bhagavatam'', p. 144</ref> == সামগ্ৰিক ব্যাখ্যা == পঞ্চীকৰণক “ভূতসৰ্গ”, অৰ্থাৎ উপাদানৰ সৃষ্টি বুলিও ব্যাখ্যা কৰা হয়। এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত সূক্ষ্ম পদাৰ্থ নিজে পৰিৱৰ্তিত হৈ স্থূল পদাৰ্থলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়।<ref>Sri Ramakrishna Math, ''Pancadasi of Sri Vidyaranya Swami'', p. 15</ref> তত্ত্বৰ ভাষ্য অনুসৰি [[বুদ্ধি]] [[চৈতন্য]]ৰ সূক্ষ্ম প্ৰকাশ, আৰু পদাৰ্থ চৈতন্যৰ স্থূল প্ৰকাশ।<ref>Sri Ramakrishna Math, ''Pancadasi of Sri Vidyaranya Swami'', p. 15</ref> পঞ্চীকৰণৰ অৰ্থ মূল পাঁচ সূক্ষ্ম উপাদানৰ ([[তন্মাত্ৰা]]) “পাঁচগুণ মিশ্ৰণ”। সূক্ষ্ম উপাদানসমূহ প্ৰথমতে স্বতন্ত্ৰ অৱস্থাত থাকে। পঞ্চীকৰণ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত প্ৰতিটো সূক্ষ্ম উপাদান প্ৰথমে দুটা অংশত বিভক্ত হয়। তাৰ এক অৰ্ধাংশ অখণ্ড অৱস্থাত থাকে, আনটো অৰ্ধাংশ পুনৰ চাৰি সমান অংশত বিভক্ত কৰা হয়।<ref>Baman Das Basu (2007), ''The Sacred Books of the Hindus, Vol.27, Part 1'', p. 144</ref> তাৰ পিছত প্ৰতিটো সূক্ষ্ম উপাদানৰ অখণ্ড অৰ্ধাংশত অন্য চাৰিটা সূক্ষ্ম উপাদানৰ পৰা প্ৰত্যেকৰে ১/৮ অংশ যোগ কৰা হয়। এইদৰে প্ৰতিটো স্থূল উপাদানে ([[পঞ্চভূত]]) নিজৰ সূক্ষ্ম উপাদানৰ ১/২ অংশ আৰু বাকী চাৰিটাৰ পৰা ১/৪ অংশকৈ লৈ পাঁচগুণ গঠনৰ ৰূপ লাভ কৰে।<ref>Baman Das Basu (2007), p. 144</ref> ফলত প্ৰতিটো স্থূল উপাদানৰ ভিতৰত পাঁচধৰণৰ সংযোজনা থাকে। == সৃষ্টিৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়া == এই বিভাজন আৰু পুনঃসংযোজন প্ৰক্ৰিয়াই স্থূল উপাদানৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে বুলি পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে বিশ্বাস কৰা হয়। এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়া অবিৰত বুলি বৰ্ণিত, য’ত ''সৃষ্টি'', ''স্থিতি'' আৰু ''সংহাৰ'' নিৰন্তৰ চলি থাকে।<ref>Baman Das Basu (2007), p. 144</ref> স্থূল উপাদান গঠনৰ পিছত চৈতন্য এই উপাদানসমূহত “অধিষ্ঠাতা দেৱতা” ৰূপে প্ৰৱেশ কৰে, আৰু তাৰ পিছত “অহংকাৰ” বা অহং-চিনাক্তকৰণৰ অনুভূতি জন্ম লয়।<ref>Baman Das Basu (2007), p. 144</ref> ইয়াৰ ফলত উপাদানসমূহ নিজৰ মৌলিক গুণ অনুসৰি আকাৰ-প্ৰকাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰে বুলি ব্যাখ্যা কৰা হয়।<ref>Baman Das Basu (2007), p. 144</ref> == সংশ্লিষ্ট ধাৰণা == পঞ্চীকৰণ তত্ত্বৰ সৈতে “নামৰূপ-ব্যাকৰণ”ৰ ধাৰণাৰ সম্পৰ্ক আছে, য’ত নাম আৰু ৰূপৰ ভেদবুদ্ধিৰ মাধ্যমেৰে জগতৰ প্ৰকাশ ব্যাখ্যা কৰা হয়।<ref>See related discussion in Vedantic literature (cf. Panchikaranam tradition)</ref> ==তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ== [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দু দাৰ্শনিক ধাৰণা]] t1slkfx51c7su5683xi6jthyr2qe9xd 14 131944 646131 579999 2026-10-19T21:23:11Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:ফিজি]]; added [[Category:ফিজিৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[শ্ৰেণী:অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফিজিৰ ব্যক্তি]] 4ts7gxk6eka3zrzhbda80zwjm451woi 0 132219 646217 595797 2026-10-20T11:54:28Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty | name = পৰী বিবি | title = | image = Tomb of Pari Bibi inside.jpg|300px]] | caption = পৰী বিবিৰ সমাধি | succession = | reign = | predecessor = | successor = | birth_name = ইৰাণ দখট ৰহমত বাণু | birth_date = | birth_place = [[ঢাকা]], বংগ চুবহ, [[মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্য]] | death_date = ১৬৮৪ | death_place = [[ঢাকা]], বংগ চুবহ, [[মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্য]] | full name = | house = | father = [[শায়েস্তা খান]] | mother = | religion = [[ছিয়া ইছলাম]] | burial_place = [[ঢাকা]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] }} '''পৰী বিবি''' (সুন্দৰী ভদ্ৰমহিলা), আনুষ্ঠানিক নাম ইৰাণ দুখট ৰহমত বাণু নামেৰে জনাজাত,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lalbagh Mausoleum of Bibi Pari |url=https://www.archnet.org/sites/3056 |access-date=16 July 2025 |website=ArchNet }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> যি ১৬৭৮ চনত মৃত্যুবৰণ কৰে। তেওঁ শায়েস্তা খানৰ কন্যা আছিল। শায়েস্তা খান চতুৰ্থ আছফ খানৰ পুত্ৰ আৰু মুমতাজ মহলৰ ভাতৃ আছিল। পৰী বিবিৰ মৃত্যুৰ সময়ত, তেওঁৰ বাগ্দান হৈছিল ৰাজকুমাৰ আজমৰ সৈতে আৰু যিজন ভৱিষ্যতৰ মোগল সম্ৰাট মহম্মদ আজম শ্বাহ হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news|title=Legends of Lalbagh|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/heritage/legends-lalbagh-95554|accessdate=11 November 2017|work=The Daily Star|date=12 June 2015|language=en}}</ref> তেওঁ মোগল সম্ৰাট জাহাংগীৰৰ মূল পত্নী নুৰজাহানৰ নাতিনী আছিল।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Rahman|first1=Syedur|title=Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh|date=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810874534|page=87|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJfcCPUr0OoC&pg=PA87|language=en}}</ref> ==জীৱনী== পৰী বিবি শায়েস্তা খানৰ কন্যা আৰু তেওঁ ইৰাণ দুখট ৰহমত বানু নামেৰেও পৰিচিত আছিল। ১৬৬৮ চনৰ ৩ মে’ত মোগল সম্ৰাট ঔৰংজেবৰ পুত্ৰ মহম্মদ আজমৰ লগত তেওঁৰ বাগ্দান সম্পন্ন হয়। তেওঁ বংগ চুবহ (প্ৰদেশ)ৰ ঢাকাত বাস কৰিছিল আৰু পিতৃ সেই প্ৰদেশৰ ৰাজ্যপাল আছিল। সেই যুগৰ মোগলৰ তথ্যই দেখুৱাইছে যে তেওঁ ৰাজ্যপালৰ ঘৰ আৰু প্ৰদেশখনৰ ৰাজনীতিত প্ৰভাৱশালী ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল।<ref name="bbp">{{cite web|last1=Hossain|first1=AKM Yakub|last2=Chowdhury|first2=AM|title=Bibi Pari|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bibi_Pari|website=Banglapedia|accessdate=11 November 2017|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112021400/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Bibi_Pari|archivedate=12 November 2017|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==মৃত্যু আৰু সমাধি== [[File:Dhaka Lalbagh Fort 5.JPG|thumb|পৰী বিবিৰ সমাধি]] ১৬৭৮ চনত পৰী বিবিৰ অকাল মৃত্যু হয় আৰু তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৱে পিতৃৰ হৃদয় থানবান কৰি থৈ যায়। সেই সময়ত শায়েস্তা খানে ঢাকাত লালবাগ দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণ কৰি আছিল, যাৰ নিৰ্মাণ কাৰ্য তেওঁৰ হবলগীয়া মিতিৰ ৰাজকুমাৰ মহম্মদ আজমৰ অধীনত আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। শায়েস্তা খানে কন্যাৰ মৃত্যুৰ পিছত দুৰ্গটোক অশুভ বুলি ভাবিবলৈ ধৰিলে আৰু তেওঁ গড় নিৰ্মাণ বন্ধ কৰি দিলে। তেওঁ দুৰ্গৰ চৌহদৰ মাজত নিজৰ কন্যাৰ সমাধি নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল।<ref name="bbp" /> আন আন সূত্ৰৰ পৰা জানিব পৰা মতে এই সমাধিটো ৰাজকুমাৰ আজমে নিজেই নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ray|first1=Aniruddha|title=Towns and Cities of Medieval India: A Brief Survey|date=2016|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781351997317|page=487|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4TslDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA487|accessdate=11 November 2017|language=en}}</ref> বৰ্তমান পৰী বিবিৰ সমাধি [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰ [[ঢাকা]]ৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ স্থাপত্য স্থান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ṣābir|first1=Muḥammad Shafīʻ|title=Pakistan: Culture, People & Places|date=1970|publisher=University Book Agency|page=386|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l10vXQe5y40C&q=%22Bibi+Pari%22|accessdate=11 November 2017|language=en}}</ref> ১৯৭৪ চনৰ পৰা এই সমাধি আৰু দুৰ্গটো প্ৰত্নতত্ত্ব বিভাগে পৰিচালনা কৰি আহিছে।<ref>{{cite news|title=The Myths of Lalbagh Fort|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news/the-myths-of-lalbagh-fort|accessdate=11 November 2017|work=The Daily Star|date=20 September 2013|language=en}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজনৈতিক ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজতন্ত্ৰ]] en0nbxe9usxabvf5kvq8v8y1l9bnek5 0 132320 646115 606931 2026-10-19T19:46:37Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = এমি জেকচন | image = Amy_Jackson_headshot_(cropped).jpg | caption = ২০১৫ চনত জেকচন | other_names = এমি জেকচন ৱেষ্টউইক | birth_name = এমি লুইজ জেকচন | birth_place = ডগলাছ, আইল অৱ মেন | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|01|31|df=yes}} | occupation = {{hlist|অভিনেত্ৰী|মডেল}} | years_active = ২০০৬–বৰ্তমান | spouse = {{marriage|এড ৱেষ্টউইক|2024}} | children = ২ }} '''এমি লুইজ জেকচন ৱেষ্টউইক''' (নিয়ে '''জেকচন'''; জন্ম ৩১ জানুৱাৰী ১৯৯২) ভাৰতীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰত কৰা কামৰ বাবে পৰিচিত এগৰাকী [[বৃটিছ]] অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু মডেল। তেওঁ প্ৰধানকৈ [[তামিল]] ছবিৰ উপৰি কিছুমান [[হিন্দী]], [[তেলুগু]], [[কন্নড়]] আৰু [[ইংৰাজী]] ছবিত কাম কৰে। জেকচনৰ উল্লেখযোগ্য চৰিত্ৰসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আছে ''মাদ্ৰাছাপত্টিনাম'' (২০১০)ত এমি উইলকিনছন, ''সিং ইজ ব্লাইং'' (২০১৫)ত চাৰা, ''থেৰী'' (২০১৬)ত এনি, আৰু ''২.০'' (২০১৮)ত নীলা। তেওঁ আনন্দ বিকাটান চিনেমা বঁটা, SIIMA বঁটা, আৰু [[লণ্ডন]] এছিয়ান ফিল্ম ফেষ্টিভেলৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছে। ২০০৭ চনত ১৪ বছৰ বয়সত জেকচনে যুক্তৰাজ্যত মডেলিং কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে আৰু তেতিয়াৰপৰা হুগো বছ, কেৰ'লিনা হেৰেৰা, জে ডব্লিউ এণ্ডাৰছন, বুলগাৰী, আৰু কাৰ্টিয়েৰৰ দৰে ডিজাইনাৰসকলৰ সৈতে কাম কৰিছে। ২০০৯ চনত তেওঁক মিছ টিন ৱৰ্ল্ডৰ মুকুট পিন্ধোৱা হয়। তামিল ছবি ''মাদ্ৰাছাপত্টিনাম'' (২০১০)ৰ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰৰ বাবে তেওঁক লণ্ডনলৈ অডিচনৰ বাবে মাতি অনা হৈছিল। পূৰ্বৰ কোনো অভিনয় অভিজ্ঞতা নথকা সত্ত্বেও তেওঁ এই চৰিত্ৰটো লাভ কৰে আৰু ভাৰতত কেৰিয়াৰ আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁ হিন্দী ছবি ''এক্ক দীৱানা থা'' (২০১২)ৰ জৰিয়তে হিন্দী চলচ্চিত্ৰত আৰু ''য়েভাডু'' (২০১৪)ৰ জৰিয়তে তেলেগু চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিষেক ঘটায়। ''দ্য টাইমছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া''ৰ "২০১২ চনৰ আটাইতকৈ আশাব্যঞ্জক মহিলা নৱাগত" আৰু "২০১৪ চনৰ আটাইতকৈ বাঞ্ছনীয় মহিলা" তালিকাত তেওঁ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হৈছিল। তেওঁ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''ছুপাৰগাৰ্ল'' (২০১৭)ত ইমৰা আৰ্ডিন / চেটাৰ্ণ গাৰ্ল হিচাপে আমেৰিকাত অভিষেক ঘটায় আৰু ''বুগী মেন'' (২০১৮)ত নিমিষা হিচাপে ব্ৰিটিছ চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিষেক ঘটায়। জেকচন ছোৱালীৰ বাবে স্নেহা চৰ্গাৰ অনাথ আশ্ৰমৰ দৰে দাতব্য সংস্থাৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষক। ২০১৮ চনত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কন্যা শিশু দিৱস বঁটাৰে সন্মানিত হয়। তেওঁ এগৰাকী ভেগান আৰু পশু অধিকাৰৰ সমৰ্থক। ২০১৬ চনৰপৰা পেটাৰ এম্বেছাদৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰি আহিছে আৰু এছিয়াত মানৱ-প্ৰাণীৰ সংঘাত হ্ৰাস কৰাৰ লক্ষ্যৰে এলিফেণ্ট ফেমিলীক সহায় কৰি আহিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2017 |title=Amy Jackson |url=https://www.petaindia.com/blog/amy-jackson-hooked-bloodied-for-animals/ |website=petaindia.com |archive-date=21 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121213410/https://www.petaindia.com/blog/amy-jackson-hooked-bloodied-for-animals/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন== এমি লুইজ জেকচন ১৯৯২ চনৰ ৩১ জানুৱাৰীত আইল অৱ মেনৰ ডগলাছত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰে,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/2-0-amy-jackson-birthday-rajinikanth-shankar-ar-rahman-958295-2017-02-01 |title=Watch: Amy Jackson celebrates birthday on the sets of 2.0 |date=1 February 2017 |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=3 September 2019 |archive-date=3 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903104903/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/celebrities/story/2-0-amy-jackson-birthday-rajinikanth-shankar-ar-rahman-958295-2017-02-01 |url-status=live}}</ref> লিভাৰপুলৰ স্থানীয় মাৰ্গুৱেৰিটা আৰু এলান জেকচনৰ কন্যা হিচাপে।<ref name="Alan Jackson">{{Cite news |title=Amy Jackson Biography, Family |url=http://www.celebfamily.org/amy-jackson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002153444/http://www.celebfamily.org/amy-jackson |archive-date=2 October 2019 |access-date=17 January 2020 |work=celebfamily.org}}</ref> তেওঁৰ এলিচিয়া নামৰ এগৰাকী ডাঙৰ ভনীয়েক আছে, যি এগৰাকী শিক্ষয়িত্ৰী। জেকচন খ্ৰীষ্টান হিচাপে ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল।<ref name="Jollyhoo20122"/> জেকচনৰ বয়স দুবছৰ হ’লে পৰিয়ালটো লিভাৰপুললৈ উভতি যায় আৰু আইতাকৰ সৈতে উলটন উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত বাস কৰে, যাতে তেওঁৰ পিতৃয়ে বিবিচি ৰেডিঅ’ মাৰ্চিছাইডৰ সৈতে নিজৰ কেৰিয়াৰ অব্যাহত ৰাখিব পাৰে। পিছত তাইৰ মাক-দেউতাকৰ বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ হয়। তেওঁ ৱেষ্ট ডাৰ্বি উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলৰ ছেইণ্ট এডৱাৰ্ডছ কলেজত অধ্যয়ন কৰে আৰু প্ৰথমখন ছবিত অভিনয় কৰাৰ আগতে ইংৰাজী সাহিত্য, দৰ্শন আৰু নৈতিকতা বিষয়ত এ-লেভেল লোৱাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Prateiks-the-sweetest-and-most-caring-guy-Amy-Jackson/articleshow/12325625.cms |title=Prateik's the sweetest and most caring guy: Amy Jackson |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=21 January 2015 |archive-date=10 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510161216/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Prateiks-the-sweetest-and-most-caring-guy-Amy-Jackson/articleshow/12325625.cms |url-status=live |last1=Fernandes |first1=Kasmin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amylouisejackson.com/ |title=About Amy |publisher=Amy Louise Jackson |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111171923/http://amylouisejackson.com/ |archive-date=11 November 2010 |access-date=21 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bollygraph.com/profile/amy-jackson-biography/9269/ |title=Amy Jackson Biography, Height, Movies and Details |last=Sharma, Mukul Kumar |date=31 January 2012 |work=Bollygraph |access-date=17 February 2012 |archive-date=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204075135/http://www.bollygraph.com/profile/amy-jackson-biography/9269/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=4 February 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204075135/http://www.bollygraph.com/profile/amy-jackson-biography/9269/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন== জেকচন এজন অনুশীলনকাৰী খ্ৰীষ্টান।<ref name="Jollyhoo20122">{{Cite web |url=http://jollyhoo.com/cinema/amy-jackson%E2%80%99s-hosanna-song-gets-religious-ire |title=Amy Jackson's 'Hosanna' song gets religious ire |date=8 February 2012 |publisher=Jollyhoo |language=en |access-date=11 April 2017 |quote=However, Amy Jackson says, “I am a Christian and since the age of five I have been singing...chanting hymns containing the word Hosanna. I have been brought up in a family that is Christian and the majority of Christians in this country agree with it and there is a small number, who have a problem with it.” |archive-date=12 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062114/http://jollyhoo.com/cinema/amy-jackson%E2%80%99s-hosanna-song-gets-religious-ire |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412062114/http://jollyhoo.com/cinema/amy-jackson%E2%80%99s-hosanna-song-gets-religious-ire |archivedate=12 April 2017 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত জেকচনে পশ্চিমীয়া খ্ৰীষ্টান লিটাৰ্জিকেল ঋতু লেণ্টৰ প্ৰথম দিন এছ ৱেডনেছডে পালন কৰাৰ বিষয়ে কয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-secret-countdown-rajinikanth-2-0-salman-khan-watch-videos-4552397/|title=Amy Jackson is on a secret countdown. Does it have to do with Rajinikanth’s 2.0 or Salman Khan?|last=Sonali|first=Kriti|date=3 March 2017|publisher=[[The Indian Express]]|language=English|accessdate=11 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.christiantoday.com/article/the.things.these.celebrities.are.giving.up.or.not.for.lent/105148.htm|title=The Things These Celebrities Are Giving Up – Or Not – For Lent|last=Gledhill|first=Ruth|date=1 March 2017|publisher=[[Christian Today]]|language=English|accessdate=11 April 2017}}</ref> ২০১১ চনত ''[[এক দীৱানা থা ]]'' (২০১২) ছবিখনৰ চিত্ৰগ্ৰহণৰ সময়ত জেকচনে ভাৰতীয় অভিনেতা প্ৰতিক বাব্বৰৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেওঁলোকৰ ২০১২ চনত বিচ্ছেদ ঘটে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/prateik-babbar-shares-how-breakup-with-amy-jackson-affected-him-heartbreak-at-25-hits-differently-4878974.html|title=Prateik Babbar Shares How Breakup With Amy Jackson Affected Him: 'Heartbreak at 25 Hits Differently'|date=16 March 2022|website=News18|access-date=23 March 2024|archive-date=23 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323173042/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/prateik-babbar-shares-how-breakup-with-amy-jackson-affected-him-heartbreak-at-25-hits-differently-4878974.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Lalwani |first=Vickey |title=Prateik, Amy's romance comes to an end |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news-interviews/Prateik-Amys-romance-comes-to-an-end/movie-review/15324009.cms |access-date=8 July 2014 |work=The Times of India |date=2 August 2012}}</ref> জেকচনে ২০১১ চনৰপৰা ২০১৫ চনলৈ [[মুম্বাই]]ত বাস কৰিছিল, তাৰ পিছত [[লণ্ডন]]লৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়।<ref name="dnaindia.com2">{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amy-jackson-moves-into-her-new-place-in-mumbai-2140641 |title=Amy Jackson Moves Into Her New Place In Mumbai |date=1 November 2015 |website=[[DNA India]] |access-date=30 January 2018 |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619191535/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-amy-jackson-moves-into-her-new-place-in-mumbai-2140641 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০১৫ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত তেওঁ হোটেল মালিক জৰ্জ পানায়’টৌৰ সৈতে ডেটিং আৰম্ভ কৰে, যি ইংৰাজ-চাইপ্ৰাছ ব্যৱসায়ী আন্দ্ৰেয়াছ পানায়োটৌৰ পুত্ৰ।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 January 2019 |title=Amy Jackson gets engaged to George Panayiotou |language=en-IN |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-george-panayiotou-5519819/ |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102130011/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-george-panayiotou-5519819/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amy Jackson Gets Engaged To Multi-Millionaire Businessman Boyfriend George Panayiotou |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-multi-millionaire-businessman-boyfriend-george-panayiotou/20187173 |date=3 January 2019 |website=Mid Day |access-date=3 January 2019 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103112143/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-multi-millionaire-businessman-boyfriend-george-panayiotou/20187173 |url-status=live |archivedate=3 January 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103112143/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/amy-jackson-gets-engaged-to-multi-millionaire-businessman-boyfriend-george-panayiotou/20187173 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁলোকে ২০১৯ চনৰ ১ জানুৱাৰীত জাম্বিয়াত এনগেজমেণ্ট কৰে। তেওঁলোকৰ পুত্ৰ ২০১৯ চনৰ ১৯ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰে।<ref name="Andreas">{{Cite news |date=23 September 2019 |title=Amy Jackson and George Panayiotou welcome baby boy Andreas. See pic |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-and-george-panayiotou-welcome-baby-boy-andreas-see-pic-1602278-2019-09-23 |access-date=23 September 2019 |archive-date=23 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923134451/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-and-george-panayiotou-welcome-baby-boy-andreas-see-pic-1602278-2019-09-23 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amy Jackson is pregnant. Actress flaunts baby bump with boyfriend George Panayiotou in new post |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-announces-pregnancy-see-her-baby-bump-in-adorable-pic-with-fiance-george-panayiotou-1490673-2019-03-31 |date=31 March 2019 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=18 June 2019 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401161811/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-announces-pregnancy-see-her-baby-bump-in-adorable-pic-with-fiance-george-panayiotou-1490673-2019-03-31 |url-status=live}}</ref> দম্পতীটো ২০২১ চনত অজ্ঞাত তাৰিখত পৃথক হয়। ২০২২ চনত জেকচনে ইংৰাজ অভিনেতা এড ৱেষ্টউইকৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক আৰম্ভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2022 |title=Amy Jackson spotted walking with Ed Westwick. Fans ask if he is her boyfriend |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-spotted-walking-with-ed-westwick-fans-ask-if-he-is-her-boyfriend-1945220-2022-05-04 |access-date=3 November 2022 |website=[[India Today]] |archive-date=3 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103230447/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/amy-jackson-spotted-walking-with-ed-westwick-fans-ask-if-he-is-her-boyfriend-1945220-2022-05-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ ২৯ জানুৱাৰীত তেওঁলোকে ঘোষণা কৰে যে তেওঁলোকে গ্ষ্টাডত এনগেজমেণ্ট কৰিছিল,<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2024 |title=Amy Jackson announces engagement with Gossip Girl star Ed Westwick. See dreamy pics from the proposal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-announces-engagement-with-gossip-girl-star-ed-westwick-see-dreamy-pics-from-the-proposal-101706533001990.html |access-date=29 January 2024 |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en |archive-date=29 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129133907/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/amy-jackson-announces-engagement-with-gossip-girl-star-ed-westwick-see-dreamy-pics-from-the-proposal-101706533001990.html |url-status=live }}</ref> আৰু সেই বছৰৰ আগষ্ট মাহত কেম্পানিয়াৰ ৰ’কা চিলেণ্টোত বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়। পিছলৈ তেওঁ নিজৰ নাম সলনি কৰি এমি জেকচন ৱেষ্টউইক কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news |last=ANI |date=2024-08-26 |title=Amy Jackson, Ed Westwick get married in dreamy Italian wedding |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amy-jackson-ed-westwick-get-married-in-dreamy-italian-wedding/article68567831.ece |access-date=2024-08-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=26 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826065757/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/amy-jackson-ed-westwick-get-married-in-dreamy-italian-wedding/article68567831.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> একে বছৰৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰত জেকচনে ঘোষণা কৰে যে তেওঁ দ্বিতীয় সন্তান আৰু ৱেষ্টউইকৰ সৈতে প্ৰথম সন্তানৰ গৰ্ভৱতী।<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2024 |title=Pics: Amy Jackson announces pregnancy with husband Ed Westwick |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amy-jackson-pregnant-husband-ed-westwick-2626257-2024-11-01 |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> ২০২৫ চনৰ ২৪ মাৰ্চত তেওঁলোকে প্ৰকাশ কৰে যে তেওঁলোকৰ পুত্ৰ অস্কাৰ আলেকজেণ্ডাৰৰ জন্ম হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2025 |title=Gossip Girl’s Ed Westwick and Wife Amy Jackson Welcome First Baby Together: ‘Words Can’t Express the Wonder’ |url=https://people.com/gossip-girl-alum-ed-westwick-welcomes-baby-with-wife-amy-11702387 |website=people.com}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category|Amy Jackson}} * {{Official website|http://www.iamamyjackson.co.uk}} * {{IMDb name|id=3367112}} * <!--https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0nVIXRVCiIU--> [[শ্ৰেণী:বৃটিছ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ইংৰাজী চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:তামিল চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:তেলুগু চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কন্নড় চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দী চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] 5933dplo4ipmbufcz9zq7zvxwm6v5g3 0 132356 646197 635420 2026-10-20T08:35:03Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist | name = নাগিন কক্স | image = Nagin Cox with JPL icon.jpg | caption = ২০১৮ত নাগিন কক্স | birth_date = ১৯৬৫ | birth_place = [[বাংগালোৰ]] | workplaces = [[জেট প্ৰপালচন লেবোৰাটৰী]] <br> [[নৰ্থ আমেৰিকান এৰোস্পেচ ডিফেন্স কমাণ্ড]] | alma_mater = [[কৰ্ণেল ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি]] }} '''জয়নাব নগিন কক্স''' (জন্ম ১৯৬৫ চন ) জেট প্ৰপালচন লেবৰেটৰীৰ মহাকাশযান পৰিচালনা অভিযন্তা, যিয়ে নাছাৰ ব্যতিক্ৰমী সেৱা পদক লাভ কৰে। ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁৰ নামেৰে ১৪০৬১ গ্ৰহাণুৰ নাম "নেগিনকক্স" ৰখা হৈছিল। ==প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== কক্সৰ জন্ম হৈছিল বাংগালুৰুত<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ted.com/speakers/nagin_cox|title=Nagin Cox {{!}} Speaker {{!}} TED|last=Cox|first=Nagin|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en}}</ref> আৰু ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল কুৱালালামপুৰ আৰু কেনছাছৰ কানছাছ চিটিত।<ref name=":0" /> তেওঁ শ্বাউনী মিছন ইষ্ট হাইস্কুলত স্কুললৈ যায়,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/people/info.cfm?id=270|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327124636/http://mars.nasa.gov/people/info.cfm?id=270|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-03-27|title=Z. Nagin Cox's Martian Profile|website=mars.nasa.gov|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-19|archivedate=2015-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327124636/http://mars.nasa.gov/people/info.cfm?id=270|deadurl=yes}}</ref> য'ত তেওঁ ষ্টাৰ ট্ৰেক আৰু কচমছৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী হয়: এ স্পেচটাইম অডিচি।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://blog.siggraph.org/2016/07/meet-siggraph-er-z-nagin-cox.html/|title=Meet SIGGRAPH 2016 Keynote Speaker: Z. Nagin Cox - ACM SIGGRAPH Blog|date=2016-07-13|work=ACM SIGGRAPH Blog|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref> কৰ্নেল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত অভিযান্ত্ৰিক আৰু মনোবিজ্ঞান অধ্যয়ন কৰি ১৯৮৬ চনত স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/people/info.cfm?id=22833|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328223122/http://mars.nasa.gov/people/info.cfm?id=22833|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-03-28|title=Nagin Cox's Martian Profile|website=mars.nasa.gov|language=en-US|access-date=2018-06-19|archivedate=2017-02-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100237/http://mars.nasa.gov/people/info.cfm?id=22833|deadurl=yes}}</ref> আৰু ১৯৯০ চনত বায়ুসেনা প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰপৰা মহাকাশ পৰিচালনা ব্যৱস্থা অভিযান্ত্ৰিকীত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.afit.edu/alumni/page.cfm?page=1213&tabname=Tab1A|title=Office of Alumni Affairs / Ms. Zainab "Nagin" Cox|website=www.afit.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref> ==কেৰিয়াৰ== [[File:Nagin Cox with mission lanyards.jpg|thumb|upright|২০১৮ চনত কক্সে জেপিএলত দুটা দশকৰো অধিক সময়ৰ পৰা সংগ্ৰহ কৰা মিছন লেনিয়াৰ্ড পিন্ধিছে।]] স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পাছত কক্সে আমেৰিকাৰ বায়ুসেনাৰ মহাকাশ অভিযান বিষয়া হিচাপে কাম কৰে, এফ-১৬ এয়াৰক্ৰু প্ৰশিক্ষণত।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.casnewsletter.org/uploads/8/7/7/5/87752270/nagin_cox_bio_-_english.pdf|title=Mission System Engineer|website=Casablanca American School|access-date=2018-06-18|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619085918/http://www.casnewsletter.org/uploads/8/7/7/5/87752270/nagin_cox_bio_-_english.pdf|url-status=dead|archivedate=2018-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619085918/http://www.casnewsletter.org/uploads/8/7/7/5/87752270/nagin_cox_bio_-_english.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> উত্তৰ আমেৰিকাৰ মহাকাশ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা কমাণ্ডত কক্ষপথ বিশ্লেষক হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছিল।<ref name=":1" /> কক্সে ১৯৯৩ চনৰপৰা জেট প্ৰপালচন লেবৰেটৰীত মহাকাশযানৰ অপাৰেচন ইঞ্জিনিয়াৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰি আহিছে<ref name=":1" /> আৰু গেলিলিও, ইনছাইট, কেপলাৰ আৰু মাৰ্চ কিউৰ'চিটি ৰভাৰকে ধৰি কেইবাটাও আন্তঃগ্ৰহীয় ৰবটিক অভিযানৰ সৈতে জড়িত।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cassidyandfishman.com/speakers/nagin-cox/|title=Nagin Cox {{!}} Cassidy & Fishman Inc|work=Cassidy & Fishman Inc|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US|archivedate=2018-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619063120/http://www.cassidyandfishman.com/speakers/nagin-cox/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তেওঁ এগৰাকী কৌশলী মিছন নেত্ৰী, আপলিংক, ডাউনলিংক আৰু এডভান্স প্লেনিং দলৰ দায়িত্বত।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/ideas-in-action/the-martians-are-here-f2b29049801a|title=The Martians Are Here!|last=TEDxBeaconStreet|date=2017-01-04|website=Ideas In Action|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref> ১৯৯৬ চনত আৱিষ্কাৰ হোৱা ১৪০৬১ নং গ্ৰহাণুৰ নাম ২০১৫ চনত তেওঁৰ নামেৰে ৰখা হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=14061|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser|last=Chamberlin|first=Alan|website=ssd.jpl.nasa.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত নাছাৰ ব্যতিক্ৰমী সেৱা পদক, ব্ৰুচ মাৰে বঁটা আৰু দুবাৰকৈ নাছাৰ ব্যতিক্ৰমী কৃতিত্ব পদক লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nagincox.org/outreach|title=Nagin Cox|website=Nagin Cox|language=en|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.directingchangeca.org/our-judges/|title=Judges - Directing Change|work=Directing Change|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/universe/archive/un1411.pdf|title=JPL: Universe|date=2014|website=JPL|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref> ==জনসংযোগ আৰু বৈচিত্ৰ্য== কক্স বিজ্ঞান, অভিযান্ত্ৰিক আৰু নাছাৰ ভিতৰত বৈচিত্ৰ্য বৃদ্ধিৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://itgirlsbih.wordpress.com/2016/06/13/nagin-cox-dare-to-do-mighty-things/|title=Nagin Cox: "Dare to do mighty things"|date=2016-06-13|work=IT Girls|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.challenger.org/2015/01/01/nagin-cox-engineer-nasas-galileo-mission-to-jupiter/|title=Nagin Cox, Engineer, NASA's Galileo Mission to Jupiter|work=Challenger Center|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US|archive-date=11 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811183122/https://www.challenger.org/2015/01/01/nagin-cox-engineer-nasas-galileo-mission-to-jupiter/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2020-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811183122/https://www.challenger.org/2015/01/01/nagin-cox-engineer-nasas-galileo-mission-to-jupiter/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rewire.org/our-future/nagin-cox/|title=NASA Engineer Nagin Cox Helps Build Robots That Explore Mars|date=2017-07-11|work=Rewire|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cite-espace.com/actualites-spatiales/nagin-cox-nasa/|title=Odysseus : des élèves rencontrent Nagin Cox de la NASA - Cité de l'Espace|last=l'espace|first=Cité de|work=Cité de l'Espace|access-date=2018-06-19|language=fr-FR|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619063412/http://www.cite-espace.com/actualites-spatiales/nagin-cox-nasa/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2018-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619063412/http://www.cite-espace.com/actualites-spatiales/nagin-cox-nasa/|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/kuwait/arab-times/20180304/282295320702475|title=NASA scientist Nagin Cox to speak at GUST event|date=March 4, 2018|publisher=Arab Times|via=PressReader|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref> তেওঁ গ্ৰীফিথ মানৱ নিৰীক্ষণ কেন্দ্ৰৰ পৰিচালনা সমিতিৰ সদস্য<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/universe/archive/un1104.pdf|title=JPL: Universe|date=2011|website=www.jpl.nasa.gov|access-date=2018-06-18}}</ref> লগতে প্ৰাক্তন কৰ্নেল মহিলা ছাত্ৰীসকলৰ সমিতিৰ সভাপতি হিচাপে পৰিষদতো কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alumni.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2017/07/PCCW_members_2016-17.pdf|title=President's Council of Cornell Women|website=Cornell|access-date=2018-06-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619063406/https://alumni.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2017/07/PCCW_members_2016-17.pdf|archivedate=2018-06-19|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তেওঁ আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ বিভাগৰ এগৰাকী আমন্ত্ৰিত বক্তা, বিশ্ব ভ্ৰমণ কৰি তেওঁৰ কেৰিয়াৰ আৰু নাছাৰ ৰবটিক মহাকাশ অন্বেষণ কাৰ্যসূচীৰ বিষয়ে কয়।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.planetary.org/blogs/guest-blogs/2014/0918-nasas-global-reach-pakistan.html|title=NASA's Global Reach: Pakistan|website=www.planetary.org|language=en|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত তেওঁ পাকিস্তান, ৰিঅ' ডি জেনেইৰ' আৰু বাহিয়া ভ্ৰমণ কৰি অসুবিধাজনক সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ যুৱতীসকলক বিজ্ঞান আৰু অভিযান্ত্ৰিক অধ্যয়নৰ বাবে অনুপ্ৰাণিত কৰে।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://br.usembassy.gov/nasa-engineer-nagin-cox-inspires-technical-audiences-and-empowers-young-people-in-rio-de-janeiro-and-bahia/|title=NASA Engineer Nagin Cox Inspires Technical Audiences and Empowers Young People in Rio de Janeiro and Bahia {{!}} U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Brazil|date=2014-10-14|work=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Brazil|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921153503/https://br.usembassy.gov/nasa-engineer-nagin-cox-inspires-technical-audiences-and-empowers-young-people-in-rio-de-janeiro-and-bahia/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> তেওঁ SIGGRAPH 2016<ref>{{Citation|last=ACMSIGGRAPH|title=SIGGRAPH 2016 – NASA's Z. Nagin Cox, Keynote Speaker|date=2016-08-11|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2I1dgWNqRAg|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cemetech.net/news.php?year=2016&month=8&id=821|title=Cemetech {{!}} News {{!}} STEM and Exploring Mars: A Chat with Z. Nagin Cox of NASA|website=www.cemetech.net|language=en|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref>ত মুখ্য বক্তা আছিল আৰু একে বছৰতে বছনিয়া আৰু হাৰ্জেগোভিনা ভ্ৰমণ কৰিছিল, আমেৰিকাৰ বিদেশ বিভাগৰ সৈতে দেশ ভ্ৰমণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sarajevotimes.com/expert-of-nasa-nagin-cox-to-arrive-in-bih/|title=Expert of NASA Nagin Cox to arrive in BiH - Sarajevo Times|date=2016-04-09|work=Sarajevo Times|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msurs.net/index.php/en/2016-01-25-08-02-23/edukativni-program-za-publiku/537-predavanje-putovanje-na-mars-usudi-se-da-radis-mocne-stvari-ing-nagin-cox-nasa-14-april-2018|title=Lecture Eng. Nagin Cox, NASA__14th of April 2016|last=Mićević|first=Nemanja|website=msurs.net|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-06-19|archivedate=2018-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619085916/http://msurs.net/index.php/en/2016-01-25-08-02-23/edukativni-program-za-publiku/537-predavanje-putovanje-na-mars-usudi-se-da-radis-mocne-stvari-ing-nagin-cox-nasa-14-april-2018|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত বিকন ষ্ট্ৰীটত তেওঁ TEDx বক্তৃতা দিছিল, যিটো পিছলৈ ৱায়াৰ্ডে বিজ্ঞানৰ অন্যতম শ্ৰেষ্ঠ বক্তৃতা হিচাপে বাছি লৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://journalistsforspace.com/2017/01/09/living-on-two-planets-a-tedx-talk-by-nagin-cox/|title=Living On Two Planets: A TEDx Talk by Nagin Cox|date=2017-01-09|work=Journalists For Space|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/best-ted-talks-science-lectures|title=From Stephen Hawking to AI: nine of the best science talks|last=Plummer|first=Libby|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref>''মংগল গ্ৰহত কিমান বাজিছে?'' প্ৰায় ২০ লাখ বাৰ চোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{Citation|last=Cox|first=Nagin|title=What time is it on Mars?|date=3 February 2017 |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/nagin_cox_what_time_is_it_on_mars/up-next|language=en|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনত তেওঁ কুৱেইট ভ্ৰমণ কৰিছিল, তেওঁলোকৰ ২০২১ চনৰ মংগল গ্ৰহ অভিযানৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/kuwait/arab-times/20180309/281530816533789|title=Kuwaitis are keen on space know-how, says NASA expert|date=March 9, 2018|publisher=Arab Times|via=PressReader|access-date=2018-06-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1108986|title=Nasa engineer recounts stories of robotic missions to Mars|last=Hasan|first=Shazia|date=2014-05-28|work=DAWN.COM|access-date=2018-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় মহিলা অভিযন্তা]] h985ngkf5zxw0we6m9db7tzjvefl0jf 0 132921 646137 631715 2026-10-19T21:31:30Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:মৰিছাছ]]; added [[Category:মৰিছাছৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = নাটাচা আপানা | image = Natacha appanah 1511705 livre à Metz.jpg | caption = ২০২৩ চনত নাটাচা আপানা | birth_name = নাটাচা দেৱী পাথৰেড্ডী আপানা | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1973|05|24}} | birth_place = [[মৰিছাছ]] | occupation = ঔপন্যাসিক | language = [[ফৰাচী]] | nationality = | genre = শ্ৰমিক প্ৰব্ৰজন | awards = প্ৰিক্স আৰ এফ অ’ দু লিভ্ৰে }} '''নাটাচা দেৱী পাথৰেড্ডী আপানা''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Nathacha Devi Pathareddy Appanah; জন্ম ২৪ মে' ১৯৭৩) এগৰাকী মৰিছাছীয়—ফৰাচী লেখিকা। তেওঁ মৰিছাছত নিজৰ কৈশোৰৰ বেছিভাগ সময় অতিবাহিত কৰিছিল আৰু ফ্ৰান্সলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰাৰ আগতে ''লি মৰিচিয়ান'' আৰু ''উইক-এণ্ড স্কোপ''ত সাংবাদিক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল। ১৯৯৮ চনৰ পৰা নাটাচা আপানা এগৰাকী সক্ৰিয় লেখিকা হিচাপে পৰিচিত। তেওঁৰ প্ৰথমখন গ্ৰন্থ ''লে ৰচাৰ্ছ ডি পাউড্ৰে ডি অ'ৰ''ৰ বাবে 'প্ৰিক্স আৰ এফ অ’ দু লিভ্ৰে' বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। এই গ্ৰন্থখন মৰিছাছলৈ ভাৰতীয় চুক্তিবদ্ধ শ্ৰমিকসকলৰ আগমনৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত আছিল। তেওঁৰ অন্যান্য উল্লেখযোগ্য কৰ্মৰ ভিতৰত আছে ''দ্য লাষ্ট ব্ৰাদাৰ'' আৰু ''ট্ৰপিক অৱ ভায়োলেন্স''। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == ১৯৭৩ চনৰ ২৪ মে'ত মৰিছাছত আপানাৰ জন্ম হৈছিল। তেওঁ মৰিছাছলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰা [[তেলুগু]]ভাষী ভাৰতীয় চুক্তিবদ্ধ শ্ৰমিকসকলৰ বংশধৰ। মৰিছাছৰ বেছিভাগ মানুহৰ দৰেই তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম ভাষা হ'ল 'মৰিচিয়ান ক্ৰিঅ'ল'।<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com |title=La langue française vue de l'Afrique ... – Google 도서 |isbn=9782914773294|last1=Martin |first1=Patrice |last2=Drevet |first2=Christophe |date=27 October 2009 |publisher=Zellige }}</ref> তেওঁ মৰিছাছতে প্ৰাৰম্ভিক শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। ১৯৯৮ চনত তেওঁ [[ফ্ৰান্স]]লৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছৰ পৰাই তেওঁৰ সাহিত্যিক জীৱন আৰম্ভ হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography of Natacha Appanah|url=http://www.africansuccess.org|publisher=African Success|accessdate=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330111817/http://www.africansuccess.org|archive-date=30 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> সাংবাদিক হিচাপে কাম কৰাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ কবিতা আৰু মৰিছাছৰ বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল।<ref name=Jam>{{cite web|title=Nathacha appanah-Mouriquand|url=http://jamaica.spla.pro/|publisher=Crop Jamaica|accessdate=5 November 2016|archivedate=4 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104183914/http://jamaica.spla.pro/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> == কৰ্মৰাজি == তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম উপন্যাস আছিল ''দ্য ৰকছ অৱ গ'ল্ড ডাস্ট''। তেওঁৰ দ্বিতীয়খন উপন্যাস ''ব্লু বে পেলেচ''ত এজন ভাৰতীয় যুৱকৰ আন এক জাতিৰ ব্যক্তিৰ প্ৰতি থকা প্ৰেমৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name=Jam/> তেওঁ ''লা নোচ ডি আন'' নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখনো লিখিছিল, যিয়ে ফ্ৰান্সৰ কিছুমান আঞ্চলিক বঁটা লাভ কৰিছিল। ২০০৭ চনত তেওঁৰ চতুৰ্থখন গ্ৰন্থ ''লে ডাৰ্নিয়াৰ ফ্ৰেৰে'' প্ৰকাশ পায় যিয়ে 'প্ৰিক্স এফ এন এ চি' বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref name=minor/> তেওঁৰ গ্ৰন্থ ''ট্ৰপিক অৱ ভায়োলেন্স'' মায়োটৰ ৰাজপথৰ শিশুসকলৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত। উপন্যাসখনত প্ৰব্ৰজনকাৰী কৰ্তৃপক্ষৰ সংগ্ৰাম আৰু যুৱ অপৰাধীৰ ছবি অংকন কৰা হৈছে। আপানাৰ ভাষাত, "মই ২০০৮ চনৰ পৰা ২০১০ চনলৈ মায়োটত বাস কৰিছিলোঁ আৰু ৰাজপথত শিশুৰ সংখ্যা দেখি আচৰিত হৈছিলোঁ।"<ref name=minor>{{cite web|title=Nathacha appanah and the situation of minors in Mayotte|date=5 September 2016|url=http://www.lexpress.fr|publisher=LE Express|accessdate=5 November 2016}}</ref> তেওঁৰ উপন্যাস ''দ্য লাষ্ট ব্ৰাদাৰ'' চেকোস্লোভাকিয়াৰ নাজী আক্ৰমণৰ পৰা পলায়ন কৰা এজন অনাথ ইহুদীৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত। ''দ্য গাৰ্ডিয়ান'' কাকতত এই উপন্যাসখনৰ এক পৰ্যালোচনাত ইয়াক "এজন শিশুৰ নিসংগতাৰ এক উজ্জ্বল বিৱৰণ" বুলি অভিহিত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web|title=The Last Brother by Nathacha Appanah – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com|date=12 March 2012|accessdate=5 November 2016|last=Smart|first=James|work=The Guardian}}</ref> ''দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছ''-এ তেওঁৰ এই চতুৰ্থখন উপন্যাসক ২০০৮ চনৰ নোবেল বিজয়ী জে. এম. জি. লে ক্লেজিঅ’ৰ পিছতে স্থান দিছে। গ্ৰন্থখন জিওফ্ৰে ষ্ট্ৰাচানৰ দ্বাৰা ইংৰাজীলৈ অনুবাদ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web|title=Castaways|url=https://www.nytimes.com|first=Dalia|last=Sofer|date=4 February 2011|accessdate=5 November 2016|work=Sunday Book Review}}</ref> ২০১৮ চনত তেওঁৰ গ্ৰন্থ ''ৱেটিং ফৰ টুমৰো'' প্ৰকাশ পায়।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Waiting for tomorrow : a novel|url=https://archive.org/details/waitingfortomorr0000appa|last=Appanah-Mouriquand, Nathacha, 1973–|others=Strachan, Geoffrey|date = 3 April 2018|isbn=9781555978037|location=Minneapolis, Minnesota|oclc=987708996}}</ref> এই গ্ৰন্থখনে ২০১৯ চনৰ এলবাৰ্টিন প্ৰাইজৰ বাবে চুটি তালিকাভুক্ত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lithub.com|title=Meet the Shortlisted Writers for the 2019 Albertine Prize|date=3 April 2019|website=Literary Hub|language=en-US|access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref> == গ্ৰন্থপঞ্জী == * ২০০৩ — ''লে ৰচাৰ্ছ ডি পাউড্ৰে ডি অ'ৰ'' (Les Rochers de Poudre d'or) * ২০০৪ — ''ব্লু বে পেলেচ'' (Blue Bay Palace) * ২০০৫ — ''লা নোচ ডি আন'' (La Noce d'Anna) — প্ৰিক্স ক্ৰিটিক লিভ্ৰে (Critiques libres) ২০০৮<ref>{{cite web|title=critiquesLibres.com : critiques de livres|url=http://www.critiqueslibres.com|website=www.critiqueslibres.com|access-date=21 October 2016|publication-date=}}</ref> * ২০০৭ — ''দ্য লাষ্ট ব্ৰাদাৰ'' (The Last Brother) — প্ৰিক্স দু ৰোমান এফ এন এ চি (prix du roman Fnac)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prix-litteraires.net/ |title=Liste des prix sur prix-litteraires.net |access-date=30 October 2020 |archive-date=8 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908235610/http://www.prix-litteraires.net |url-status=dead |archivedate=15 October 2003 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031015230656/http://www.prix-litteraires.net/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মৰিছাছৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:লেখিকা]] 8xjogygvfrojs7fwcduxgvlfyoenibr 0 132957 646129 603182 2026-10-19T21:22:15Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:ফিজি]]; added [[Category:ফিজিৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646129 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aalisha Sahukhan 2015.jpg|thumb|২০১৫ চনত ছাহুখান]] '''আলীশা ছাহুখান''' (বা ছাহু খান) এগৰাকী [[ফিজি]]য়ান চিকিৎসক। তেওঁ ফিজিৰ স্বাস্থ্য আৰু চিকিৎসা সেৱা মন্ত্ৰালয়ৰ স্বাস্থ্য সুৰক্ষা বিভাগৰ মুৰব্বী। ক’ভিড-১৯ মহামাৰী আৰু তাৰ পূৰ্বৰ সৰুআই মহামাৰীৰ বিৰুদ্ধে দেশখনে চলোৱা যুঁজত তেওঁ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Naidu |first=Jennis |date=23 March 2020 |title=On The Frontlines: Dr Aalisha Sahukhan |url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2020/03/23/on-the-frontlines-dr-aalisha-sahukhan/ |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=Fiji Sun |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ফিজি ছান কাকতে তেওঁক "২০২০ চনৰ ১০ গৰাকী বিশিষ্ট ফিজিয়ান"ৰ এগৰাকী হিচাপে মনোনীত কৰিছিল।<ref name="Sun">{{cite web |title=10 Outstanding Fijians 2020 |url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2020/12/31/10-outstanding-fijians-2020/ |website=Fiji Sun |access-date=24 October 2021 |archivedate=24 October 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024181543/https://fijisun.com.fj/2020/12/31/10-outstanding-fijians-2020/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="USA">{{cite web |title=Kudos to Dr. Aalisha Sahu Khan |url=https://www.facebook.com/usembassysuva/posts/kudos-to-dr-aalisha-sahu-khan-and-her-team-as-they-lead-the-charge-against-a-mea/10157676892829556/ |website=US Embassy Suva |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == ছাহুখান দন্ত চিকিৎসক ইমতিয়াজ ছাহুখান আৰু আশলা সিঙৰ জ্যেষ্ঠ কন্যা। তেওঁ ছুভাৰ ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেল স্কুলত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ ফিজি স্কুল অৱ মেডিচিনত চিকিৎসা শাস্ত্ৰ অধ্যয়ন কৰে। ২০১১ চনত তেওঁ ফিজিৰ চিকিৎসা ব্যৱস্থাত এগৰাকী ইণ্টাৰ্ন হিচাপে কাম আৰম্ভ কৰে। ছাহুখান নেফ্ৰ’লজিষ্ট অম্ৰীশ কৃষ্ণনৰ সৈতে বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয় আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ দুটি সন্তান আছে।<ref name=USA/><ref name=IUCN>{{cite web |title=Bio - Speakers |url=https://www.iucn.org/regions/oceania/resources/events/oceania-planetary-health-forum/bio-speakers |website=IUCN |access-date=25 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="Sun2">{{cite web |title=10 Interesting Things About Dr Aalisha Sahukhan |url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2021/05/08/10-interesting-things-about-dr-aalisha-sahukhan/ |website=Fiji Sun |access-date=25 October 2021 |archivedate=25 October 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025160652/https://fijisun.com.fj/2021/05/08/10-interesting-things-about-dr-aalisha-sahukhan/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == কৰ্মজীৱন == চিকিৎসা বৃত্তিত চাৰি বছৰ কটোৱাৰ পিছত ছাহুখানে আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ জৰ্জিয়াৰ আটলাণ্টাত থকা ইম’ৰী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ৰলিন্স স্কুল অৱ পাব্লিক হেল্থত অধ্যয়ন কৰিবলৈ ফুলব্ৰাইট জলপানি লাভ কৰে। তাৰ পৰা তেওঁ জনস্বাস্থ্য বিষয়ত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে। ২০১৭ চনত ফিজিলৈ ঘূৰি আহি তেওঁক সংক্ৰামক ৰোগৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উপদেষ্টা হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়। ২০২১ চনত তেওঁ স্বাস্থ্য সুৰক্ষা বিভাগৰ মুৰব্বী হিচাপে দায়িত্ব গ্ৰহণ কৰে। ফিজিত ক’ভিড-১৯ৰ আগমনৰ পিছত ছাহুখানে ফিজিৰ টেলিভিছনত সঘনাই উপস্থিত হৈ জনসজাগতা সৃষ্টিত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref name=IUCN/><ref name=Sun2/> ২০২২ চনৰ পৰা ছাহুখানে বিশ্ব বেংক আৰু বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থাৰ যুটীয়া 'পেণ্ডেমিক ফাণ্ড'ৰ কাৰিকৰী উপদেষ্টা পেনেলত সেৱা আগবঢ়াই আহিছে।<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/financial-intermediary-fund-for-pandemic-prevention-preparedness-and-response-ppr-fif/brief/TheTechnicalAdvisoryPanel Pandemic Fund: The Technical Advisory Panel (TAP)] World Bank.</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeU6pv5_MK0 ক’ভিড-১৯ সন্দৰ্ভত ছাহুখানৰ সৈতে হোৱা এটা দূৰদৰ্শন সাক্ষাৎকাৰ] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফিজিৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চিকিৎসাবিদ]] kvvulvh7jksxw9vybcczphjeqwe907f 0 132960 646130 602569 2026-10-19T21:22:46Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:ফিজি]]; added [[Category:ফিজিৰ ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ভাচিটি ছোকো | image = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = | nationality = ফিজিয়ান | alma_mater = ইউনিভাৰ্ছিটি অৱ দা চাউথ পেচিফিক<br/>আৰ এম আই টি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় | occupation = ভৌগোলিক তথ্য প্ৰণালী বিশেষজ্ঞ | known_for = | notable_works = }} '''ভাচিটি ছোকো''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Vasiti Soko) এগৰাকী ফিজিয়ান ভৌগোলিক তথ্য প্ৰণালী বিশেষজ্ঞ আৰু ফিজিৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা কাৰ্যালয়ৰ সঞ্চালক। ২০২১ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ দুৰ্যোগ বিপদাশংকা হ্ৰাস কাৰ্যালয়ৰ পৰা উদ্বোধনী 'উইমেনছ ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেল নেটৱৰ্ক ফৰ ডিজাষ্টাৰ ৰিস্ক ৰিডাকচন' (WIN DRR) নেতৃত্ব বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Sun">{{cite web |title=10 Outstanding Fijians 2020 |url=https://fijisun.com.fj |website=Fiji Sun |access-date=24 October 2021 |archive-date=24 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024181543/https://fijisun.com.fj |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="UNDRR">{{cite web |title=Inaugural women's leadership awards for disaster risk reduction granted to Fijian trailblazer and Indonesian scientist mobilising youth |url=https://www.undrr.org |website=UNDRR |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> == শিক্ষা == ভাচিটি ছোকোৱে ২০০৬ চনত [[ফিজি]]ৰ ছুভাত অৱস্থিত ইউনিভাৰ্ছিটি অৱ দা চাউথ পেচিফিকৰ পৰা স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী আৰু ভৌগোলিক তথ্য প্ৰণালীৰ ডিপ্লমা লাভ কৰে। ২০১৮ চনত তেওঁ অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়াৰ মেলবৰ্ণত থকা আৰ এম আই টি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা জিঅ’ডেছি আৰু স্থানিক বিজ্ঞানত স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="ICDRI">{{cite web |title=Ms. Vasiti Soko |url=https://icdri.cdri.world/ |website=International Conference on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure |access-date=24 October 2021 |archivedate=27 October 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027005426/https://icdri.cdri.world/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="Linked">{{cite web |title=Vasit Soko |url=https://www.linkedin.com |website=LinkedIn |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> == কৰ্মজীৱন == স্নাতক ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ পিছত ছোকোৱে থাইলেণ্ড, অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়া আৰু কেইবাখনো মাইক্ৰোনেছিয়ান দেশত গোলকীয় তথ্য প্ৰণালীৰ সৈতে জড়িত বিভিন্ন কামত নিয়োজিত হয়। ২০১৩ চনৰ পৰা ২০১৬ চনৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁ ফিজিৰ চেনি উদ্যোগ ট্ৰিবিউনেলত ভৌগোলিক তথ্য প্ৰণালী পৰিচালক হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল। ২০১৯ চনত স্নাতকোত্তৰ শিক্ষা সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা কাৰ্যালয়ৰ প্ৰথমগৰাকী মহিলা সঞ্চালক হিচাপে নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে। বৰ্তমান তেওঁ মানৱ গতিশীলতা সম্পৰ্কীয় পেচিফিক টেকনিকেল ৱৰ্কিং গ্ৰুপৰ সহ-অধ্যক্ষ আৰু দুৰ্যোগ সম্পৰ্কীয় পৰিসংখ্যাৰ এছিয়া-পেচিফিক ৱৰ্কিং গ্ৰুপৰ উপ-অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰি আছে।<ref name="ICDRI"/><ref name=Linked/><ref name="PNS">{{cite web |title=Inaugural women’s leadership awards for disaster risk reduction granted to Fijian trailblazer |url=https://pina.com.fj |website=Pacific News Service |access-date=24 October 2021}}</ref> ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা কাৰ্যালয়ৰ সঞ্চালকৰ দায়িত্ব লৈ ছোকোৱে সংবাদমেলৰ জৰিয়তে ফিজিৰ জনসাধাৰণৰ মাজত অতি কম সময়তে পৰিচিত হৈ পৰে। তেওঁ সকলো সংবাদমেলত সাংকেতিক ভাষাৰ প্ৰচলন কৰা প্ৰথমগৰাকী সঞ্চালক।<ref name=UNDRR/><ref name=ICDRI/><ref name=PNS/> == বঁটা আৰু সন্মান == ২০২১ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত ছোকোৱে অষ্ট্ৰেলিয়ান এইডৰ সহযোগত প্ৰদান কৰা উইমেনছ ইণ্টাৰনেশ্যনেল নেটৱৰ্ক ফৰ ডিজাষ্টাৰ ৰিস্ক ৰিডাকচন উৎকৃষ্ট নেতৃত্ব বঁটা লাভ কৰে। দুৰ্যোগ বিপদাশংকা হ্ৰাসৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় দিৱসত এই বঁটা ঘোষণা কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ দুৰ্যোগ বিপদাশংকা হ্ৰাস কাৰ্যালয়ে উল্লেখ কৰে যে তেওঁ উন্নত নীতি আৰু আইনৰ জৰিয়তে ফিজিৰ দুৰ্যোগ ব্যৱস্থাপনা শক্তিশালী কৰিছে আৰু মহিলা তথা বিশেষভাৱে সক্ষম ব্যক্তিসকলক এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰাৰ নতুন পথ বিচাৰি পাইছে।<ref name=Sun/><ref name=UNDRR/><ref name=PNS/> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == *[https://www.facebook.com ২০২১ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত ক্ৰান্তীয় ঘূৰ্ণীবতাহ এনাৰ সন্দৰ্ভত ভাচিটি ছোকোৰ সংবাদমেল] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফিজিৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মহিলা বিজ্ঞানী]] by4ndze350g9vyd48slxzy4thj2aweg 0 133610 646198 612807 2026-10-20T09:28:13Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Culinary traditions of Nepal}} [[Image:Nepali dal-bhat-tarkari.jpg|thumb|right|200px|নেপালী দাইল-ভাত-তৰকাৰী]] [[File:84 byanjan food Nepal.webp|thumb|গছৰ পাতৰ প্লেটত ৮৪বিধ ব্যঞ্জনৰ সৈতে ভাাত]] [[Image:Momo101.jpg|thumb|right|200px|নেপালী ষ্টাইলৰ ম'ম; জলকীয়াৰ সৈতে]] [[File:Chicken Chow Mein.JPG|thumb|নেপালী ষ্টাইলৰ জ্বলা চিকেন চাউমিন]] '''নেপালী খাদ্যাভাস''' [[নেপাল]] আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চল যেনে ছিকিম আৰু গোৰ্খালেণ্ডৰ সাংস্কৃতিক বৈচিত্ৰ্যমজ় তথা ভৌগোলিক অঞ্চল, জাতি, জলজ মাটি, জলবায়ুৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি নেপালী খাদ্যৰ বিস্তৃত খাদ্যাভাস দেখা যায়॥ ডাইল-ভাত-তৰকাৰী সমগ্ৰ নেপালতে খোৱা হয়। তেলত ফোৰণ কৰা দাইল, ভাত, আৰু বিভিন্ন শাক-পাচলিৰ তৰকাৰী আদি খোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ লগত সাধাৰণতে সামান্য পৰিমাণৰ টেঙা আচাৰো দিয়া হয়। যি সতেজ বা কিম্বন কৰি ল’ব পাৰি; ইয়াক প্ৰধানকৈ শুকান সৰিয়হৰ পাতৰপৰা তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয় (যাক গুণ্ড্ৰুক কো আচাৰ বোলা হয়) আৰু মূলা (মুলা কো আচাৰ) আৰু ইয়াৰ বহুতো জাত আছে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.food-nepal.com/ingredients/i009.htm |title=Pickle - Achar - Chutney |publisher=Food-nepal.com |access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref> ইয়াৰ লগত কটা [[নেমু]]ৰ টুকুৰা (নিবুৱা), সতেজ সেউজীয়া জলকীয়া (হৰিয়ো খুৰাছানি), আৰু ভজা পাপড় দিয়া হয়। ইছলামিক খাদ্য যেনে চাউলৰ পুডিং, ভাৰ্মিচেলি, বিৰিয়ানী আদিও অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হোৱা দেখা যায়। ধিন্দো (ধন্দো) নেপালৰ জাতীয় খাদ্য। ধুন্দো প্ৰধানকৈ বজৰাৰ আটাৰপৰা তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয় আৰু গুণ্ড্ৰুক (শুকান কচু) আচাৰৰ সৈতে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। নেপালী খাদ্যৰ এটা ধ্ৰুপদী উদাহৰণ হ’ল ‘চৌৰাচী ব্যাঞ্জন’ (নেপালী: चोৰাसी विणजन) খাদ্য; ইয়াত ডাঙৰ পাতৰ প্লেট (পাত্ৰৱালী)ত পৰিৱেশন কৰা ভাত আৰু সৰু বাটিত ৮৪টা ভিন্ন নেপালী খাদ্যৰ সৈতে দিয়া হয়। .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://listnepal.com/nepalese-food-traditional-dishes-nepal/|title=List Of Nepalese Food &#124; Traditional Dishes Of Nepal|date=2 May 2018|access-date=13 April 2023|archive-date=14 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514234739/https://listnepal.com/nepalese-food-traditional-dishes-nepal/|url-status=dead|archivedate=14 May 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514234739/https://listnepal.com/nepalese-food-traditional-dishes-nepal/|deadurl=yes}}</ref>এই ধৰণৰ খাদ্য প্ৰধানকৈ বিয়া আৰু ‘পাছনি’ (প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে শিশুক ভাত খুৱাই দিয়াৰ নিয়ম)ত পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। মোমো হিমালয় অঞ্চলৰপৰা অহা একপ্ৰকাৰৰ খাদ্য; ইয়াক পিঠাগুৰিৰ বল এটাত কিমা মাংস ভৰাই বিভিন্ন আকৃতিত তৈয়াৰ কৰি আৰু শেষত ভাপত দি ৰন্ধা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=27 August 2021 |title=Is momo a Nepali thing? Here's all you need to know about momo's history in Nepal - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/momo-history-nepal.html |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=[[Online Khabar]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> নেপালৰ লগতে ভাৰতৰ ছিকিম, দাৰ্জিলিং, কালিম্পং আদি অঞ্চলত ই এক জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য, কিয়নো এই ঠাইসমূহত নেপালী ভাষী ভাৰতীয়ৰ সংখ্যা যথেষ্ট। মোমোত প্ৰথমে ম’হৰ মাংস ভৰোৱা হৈছিল যদিও এতিয়া সাধাৰণতে ছাগলী বা কুকুৰাৰ মাংসৰ লগতে নিৰামিষ উপাদানৰে ভৰোৱা হয়। [[চেল ৰুটি]], ফিনি ৰুটি, পাত্ৰ আদি তিহাৰৰ দৰে উৎসৱৰ সময়ত খোৱা বিশেষ খাদ্য। চেল ৰুটি হৈছে পৰম্পৰাগত নেপালী, ঘৰতে বনোৱা, আঙঠি আকৃতিৰ চাউলৰ এবিধ পিঠা বা জলপান আৰুখাবলৈ মিঠা সোৱাদযুক্ত। আন আন খাদ্যত তিব্বতী আৰু ভাৰতীয় প্ৰভাৱৰ মিশ্ৰণ প্ৰতিফলিত হয়। আজিকালি [[চীনা]] ষ্টাইলৰ ষ্টাৰ ফ্ৰাইড নুডলছৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি চাওমিন নেপালীসকলৰ প্ৰিয় খাদ্য হৈ পৰিছে। ==ধৰণ== === খাছ খাদ্য === [[Image:Dhindo by Ganesh.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|নেপালৰ এখন ঠাকালী ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্টত ধিনদো থালি। ]] [[Image:Sel Roti.jpg|thumb|right|200px|নেপালী পাউৰুটি চেল ৰুটি]] ডাইল-ভাত আৰু বিভিন্ন শাকপাচলিৰ তৰকাৰী খাছ মানুহৰ পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্য, দৈনিক দুবাৰকৈ ভাত খোৱা হয়। কিন্তু ধান খেতিৰ বাবে উপযুক্ত মাটিত জলসিঞ্চনৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে আন শস্য খাদ্যৰ অংশ হৈ পৰিছে, বা কেতিয়াবা প্ৰধান খাদ্যও হৈ পৰিছে। ঘেঁহুৰপৰা খমিৰবিহীন ৰুটি বা চাপাতি তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। গোমধান(মক্কাই), বাকৱেম (ফাপাৰ), বজৰা বা বাজৰা (কোডো) দাইলৰ দৰে খাদ্য (ধিন্দো বা আটো) বনাবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। শাক-পাচলিৰ ভিতৰত কচু আৰু সতেজ সেউজীয়া শাক-পাচলি (সাগ), কিম্বন কৰা আৰু শুকান সেউজীয়া শাক-পাচলি (গুণ্ডৰুক বা চিনকি), বগা মূলা, আলু, সেউজীয়া বীন (চিমি), বিলাহী (গোলভেদা), ফুলকবি (কৌলি), কবি (বংগী), কুমলীয়া ডালিম (ফাৰচি) ইত্যাদি খোৱা দেখা যায়। পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলটোৰ জলবায়ু গোটেই বছৰটো মধ্যমীয়া হৈ থাকে। এই ধৰণৰ বতৰ বাগিছাৰ বাবে উপযুক্ত।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/204730/2/03-Keynote+Paper-Tej+Partap.pdf|title=Hill Agriculture: Challenges and Opportunities - AgEcon Search|website=ageconsearch.umn.edu}}</ref> পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে পাহাৰত উৎপাদিত ফলৰ ভিতৰত কমলা (সুনতলা), নেমু, এছিয়ান নাচপতি আৰু কাফল (কাফল), আম, আপেল, পীচ, প্লাম (আলাচা বা আৰুবখাৰা), আৰু ভেণ্ডি (কুৰ্পানী) আদি। <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ab985e/ab985e09.htm|title=8. DECIDUOUS FRUIT PRODUCTION IN NEPAL|website=www.fao.org}}</ref>কিছুমান বিশেষ ঋতুত এই ফলবোৰ প্ৰচুৰ পৰিমাণে পোৱা যায়। এই উৎপাদিত প্ৰায়ে সংৰক্ষণ কৰা হয় বা ৱাইন, আচাৰ, শুকান ফলৰ কম্পোট, ফলৰ ৰস তৈয়াৰ কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। এই সুৰা বিভিন্ন নেৱাৰী সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠানতো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। উপলব্ধ হ’লে দৈ আৰু মচলাযুক্ত মাংস (মাছু) বা মাছ (মাচা) খাদ্যৰ ওপৰঞ্চি ব্যঞ্জন হিচাপে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। কুকুৰা (কুখুৰা) আৰু মাছ সাধাৰণতে অভিজাত ব্ৰাহ্মণ (বহুন) জাতিকে ধৰি সকলোৰে গ্ৰহণযোগ্য। হিন্দুসকলে কেতিয়াও গো-মাংস (গৰু মাংস) নাখায়। ম’হ আৰু য়াক মাংসও পৰিহাৰ কৰে, কিয়নো ইহঁতক গৰুৰ সৈতে মিল থকা বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। পোহনীয়া গাহৰিৰ মাংস (Sungur ko masu) পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে কেৱল জনজাতীয় লোকেহে খাইছিল; কিন্তু বনৰীয়া গাহৰি চিকাৰ আৰু খোৱা (বাংগুৰ কো মাছু) পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে মাগাৰ লোকসকলৰ মাজত এটা প্ৰথা আছিল। এতিয়া বনৰীয়া গাহৰি এটা প্ৰজাতি পালন কৰি তাৰ মাংস ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়; এই মাংস পাহাৰীয়া জনজাতি আৰু পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে গাহৰিৰ মাংস নাখাই থকা সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ মাজত ক্ৰমান্বয়ে জনপ্ৰিয় হৈ পৰিছে। কিন্তু বনৰীয়া বাসস্থানৰ বাবে পৱিত্ৰ বুলি গণ্য কৰা বনৰীয়া গাহৰি (Bandel) মাংস খায়, আনহাতে পোহনীয়া গাহৰিৰ মাংস নাখায়। ===হিমালয়ৰ খাদ্যাভাস=== ====তিব্বতী প্ৰভাবিত খাদ্য ==== [[File:Thukpa.jpg|thumb|তিব্বতীয়ান থুপকা]] [[File:Jhol_Momo.jpg|thumb|ঝোল মমো]] হিমালয়ৰ খাদ্য সাংস্কৃতিকভাৱে হিমালয় আৰু ট্ৰেন্স-হিমালয়ৰ তিব্বতী আৰু নৃগোষ্ঠীয় জনগোষ্ঠীৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰভাবিত। আন অঞ্চলৰ তুলনাত হিমালয় অঞ্চল উৰ্বৰ নহয়। কিয়নো জলবায়ু গোটেই বছৰটো ঠাণ্ডা হৈ থাকে আৰু ইয়াৰ ফলত প্ৰচণ্ড বৰফ পৰে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://madhusudhang48.wordpress.com/2015/01/22/farming-in-nepalese-mountains/|title=Farming in Nepalese Mountains|date=22 January 2015}}</ref> এই অঞ্চলত উৎপাদিত খাদ্য শস্যসমূহ হ’ল বুটমাহ, বজৰা, যৱ, সাধাৰণ বীন, আৰু ধান। <ref>[https://www.bioversityinternational.org/uploads/tx_news/Himalayan_foods_healthy_and_nutritious_crop_varieties_1804.pdf Himalayan foods]</ref> আলু এবিধ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰধান শস্য আৰু খাদ্য। নিম্নভূমিৰপৰা যথেষ্ট পৰিমাণৰ চাউল আমদানি কৰা হয়। ঠাণ্ডা বতৰৰ বাবে এই অঞ্চলৰ মানুহে প্ৰায়ে গৰম খাদ্য আৰু পানীয় যেনে চূপ, থুকপা, চাহ, আৰু দেশীয় সুৰা আদি পছন্দ কৰে। সুৰা শস্যৰপৰা তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। মাখন চাহ মাখন বা ঘিউ আৰু নিমখ দি তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয। এই অঞ্চলত পালন কৰা পশুধনৰ ভিতৰত য়াক, চৌৰী (য়াক আৰু গৰুৰ সংকৰণ), হিমালয়ৰ ছাগলী, আৰু ভেড়া আদি উল্লেখযোগ্য। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Himalayas/Animal-life|title=Animal Life|website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> মানুহে এই জীৱ-জন্তুবোৰক মাংস, গাখীৰ, পনিৰ, দৈ আদি পাবৰ বাবে পালন কৰে। হিমালয় অঞ্চলৰ অধিকাংশ অঞ্চললৈ যোৱাটো কঠিন। উচ্চ উচ্চতাৰ বাবে যাতায়াতৰ উপযুক্ত উপায় নাই, ভাল পথ নিৰ্মাণো এক ডাঙৰ প্ৰত্যাহ্বান। গতিকে আন অঞ্চলৰপৰা কেৱল চাউল আৰু কিছু মচলা যেনে নিমখহে আকাশী পথ বা জীৱ-জন্তুৰ সহায়ৰদ্বাৰা আমদানি কৰা হয়। এই অঞ্চলৰ মানুহে ধীদো (বাজৰা বা যৱৰ আটাৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী ৰুটি), আলুৰ তৰকাৰী, মোমো, ঝোল মোমো, মকথুক, য়াক, ছাগলী, বা ভেড়াৰ মাংস, গাখীৰ, আৰু থুকপা, লেপিং, বা টংবা (বাজৰাৰ ৰস) আদি সুৰা সেৱন কৰে। হিমালয়ৰ এই অঞ্চলটোৱে আন অঞ্চলৰপৰাও চাউল আমদানি কৰে। এভাৰেষ্টলৈ অহা পৰ্যটকসকলক পৰিৱেশন কৰা মূল খাদ্য হ’ল দাইল, চাউল, আৰু শাক-পাচলি।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Madhav |date=23 February 2018 |title=A Food Guide for Everest Base Camp Trek |url=https://mosaicadventure.com/food-guide-everest-base-camp-trek/ |access-date=26 June 2023 |website=Mosaic Adventure |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== ঠাকলি খাদ্য ==== [[File:Chhurpi.jpg|thumb|য়াক ৰ গাখীৰৰপৰা প্ৰস্তুত কৰা চুৰপি পনিৰ। ]] হিমালয় আৰু ভৈয়ামৰ খাদ্য পৰম্পৰাৰ মিশ্ৰণ ঠাকলী খাদ্য ঠাক-খোলা উপত্যকাত বসবাস কৰা ঠাকালী লোকসকলে খায়। এই উপত্যকাটোত উচ্চ হিমালয়ৰ মাজেৰে প্ৰাচীন আৰু তুলনামূলকভাৱে সহজ বাণিজ্যিক পথ আছে। ঠাকালি খাদ্য অন্যান্য বাণিজ্যিক পথৰ কাষত অৱস্থিত থাকালীসকলে পৰিচালনা কৰা হোটেল (ভাট্টি)সমূহতো পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়, লগতে মধ্য নেপালৰ পাহাৰৰ পোখাৰা আৰু অন্যান্য চহৰসমূহতো এই খাদ্য পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়; কোৱা হৈছিল যে বিদেশী ট্ৰেকাৰৰ বাবে সুবিধা ব্যাপকভাৱে বৃদ্ধি পোৱাৰ আগতে এই ঠাইবোৰে সৰ্বোত্তম খাদ্য আৰু থকাৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছিল। অতি কমসংখ্যক থাকালীৰেই য়াক থাকে, গতিকে য়াকৰ গাখীৰৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী মাখন সাধাৰণতে বজাৰৰপৰা ক্ৰয় কৰা হয়, লগতে অন্যান্য প্ৰধান খাদ্য যেনে চাউল, চাহ, দালি, চেনি, মচলা আদিও ক্ৰয় কৰা হয়। মাখন উলিওৱাৰ পিছত মাখনৰপৰা ‘চুৰ্পি’ নামৰ কঠিন পনিৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{cite book| last=Vinding |first=Michael |title=The Thakali: A Himalayan Ethnography |page=102}}</ref> পাহাৰীয়া খাদ্যতকৈ ঠাকালী খাদ্য কম নিৰামিষ। স্থানীয়ভাৱে "ঝোপা" বুলি কোৱা য়াক আৰু য়াক-গৰু সংকৰৰ মাংস নিম্ন জাতিৰ লোকে খাইছিল। সকলো জাতিৰ মানুহে স্থানীয় ভেড়া খায়, যাক "ভেদা" আৰু "চ্যাংগ্ৰা" বুলি কোৱা হয়, বা তিব্বতৰপৰা আমদানি কৰা "চিৰু" বুলি কোৱা হয়। মাংসখিনি পাতলকৈ কাটি ৰন্ধা জুইৰ ওচৰত পাতলকৈ খুঁটাত শুকুৱাই লোৱা হয়। ব্লাড চচ্চেজও বনাই শুকুৱাই লোৱা হয়। শুকান মাংসখিনি শাক-পাচলিৰ তৰকাৰীত মিহলাই বা ঘিউত ভাজি ৰঙা জলকীয়াৰ গুড়ি,কেচা জলকীয়া, নিমখ আৰু স্থানীয় বনৌষধিৰ মিশ্ৰণ "টিমুৰ-কো-চপ"ত ডুবাই খাব লাগে। এই মচলাৰ মিশ্ৰণটো নতুন আলু বা কণীৰ লগতো ৰন্ধা হয়, বিশেকৈ উতলাই, ভাজি বা অমলেট বনাব পাৰি। ঠাকলি খাদ্যত স্থানীয়ভাৱে উৎপাদিত ঘেঁহু, যৱ, বজৰা, আৰু মচুৰ দাইলৰ লগতে নিম্ন দক্ষিণ অঞ্চলৰপৰা আমদানি কৰা চাউল, মাকৈ আৰু মচুৰ দাইল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। কিছুমান শস্য পিহি ডাঠকৈ আঞ্জা তৈয়াৰ কৰিব পাৰি, যিটো ভাতৰ লগত মচুৰ দাইলৰ দৰে খাব পাৰি। আনকি এবিধ দালি শুকান আৰু পিহি লোৱা ঘেঁহুৰ পাতৰপৰাও তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। শস্যবোৰ ব্ৰেকফাষ্টত পোৰা বা গৰম বালিত ফুলাই (যিটো তাৰ পিছত চেকি লোৱা হয়) খাব পাৰি। থাকালীসকলেও তিব্বতীয় ৰীতি অনুসৰি ছাম্পা প্ৰস্তুত কৰি মাখন আৰু নিমখৰ সৈতে চাহ খায়। এই চাহ প্ৰস্তুতত ঘিউ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়, আৰু ঘিউ ৰন্ধন তেল হিচাপেও ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। যিহেতু বেছিভাগ থাকালীয়ে ব্যৱসায়ত নিয়োজিত আছিল, সেয়েহে তেওঁলোকে নিম্ন অঞ্চলৰপৰা শাক-পাচলি, ফল-মূল, কণী আমদানি কৰিব পাৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকে দৈনিক বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ শাক-পাচলি খাইছিল; ইয়াৰে কিছুমান—বিশেষকৈ ডাইকন মূলা আৰু বুটমাহ—শুকুৱাই লোৱা হৈছিল আৰু প্ৰায়ে ছাগলীৰ মাংসৰ সৈতে ৰন্ধা হৈছিল। গ্যাউং-টো নামৰ কচুৰ জোল এটাৰ লগত এচিকুট টিমুৰ-কো-চপ দিয়া হৈছিল। বিদেশী উদ্যান শস্য বিশেষজ্ঞৰ আগমনৰ পিছত এই অঞ্চলত আপেলৰ খেতি কৰা হৈছিল। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ab985e/ab985e09.htm |title=Deciduous Fruit in Nepal |publisher=FAO |author=Lok Nath Devkota |access-date=14 October 2013}}</ref> ===নেৱাৰসকলৰ খাদ্যাভাস=== [[File:Culinária tradicional do Nepal.jpg|thumb|কাঠমাণ্ডুত নেৱাৰসকলৰ খাদ্য। ]] [[File:Yomari.jpg|thumb|য়মাৰী]] [[File:Ghee Chaku.jpg|thumb|ঘী চাকু]] নেৱাৰসকল প্ৰথমে কাঠমাণ্ডু উপত্যকাত বাস কৰা এটা নগৰীয়া জনগোষ্ঠী যদিও বৰ্তমান বজাৰ- চহৰ আৰু বিশ্বৰ অন্যান্য প্ৰান্তৰ লগতে পাহাৰতো বাস কৰে। কাঠমাণ্ডু আৰু পোখাৰাৰ উৰ্বৰ উপত্যকাত স্থানীয় বজাৰৰ বাবে কৃষকসকলে শস্যতকৈ ফল-মূলৰ খেতি কৰাটো অধিক লাভজনক বুলি বিবেচনা কৰে, বিশেষকৈ বৰ্তডমান সুলভ মূল্যত চাউল আৰু অন্যান্য প্ৰধান খাদ্য ট্ৰাকেৰে আনিব পৰা হৈছে। তদুপৰি নেৱাৰ পৰিয়ালৰ আয় তুলনামূলকভাৱে বেছি, আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ সংস্কৃতিয়ে খাদ্য আৰু ভোজৰ ওপৰত প্ৰবল গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰে। যদিও নেৱাৰসকলৰ দৈনন্দিন খাদ্যত সাধাৰণতে সাধাৰণ পাহাৰীয়া খাদ্যৰ উপাদানসমূহ অন্তুৰ্ভুক্ত, তথাপি বিভিন্ন অনুষ্ঠান আৰু উৎসৱৰ বাবে নেৱাৰৰ খাদ্য সাধাৰণ পাহাৰীয়া খাদ্যতকৈ অধিক বৈচিত্ৰ্যমজ় আৰু সুকীয়া হয়। নেৱাৰী খাদ্যত ম’হৰ মাংস বহুলভাৱে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। নিৰামিষভোজীৰ বাবে মাংস আৰু শুকান মাছৰ ঠাইত ভজা টোফু বা পানীৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি। এই খাদ্যত কিম্বন কৰা খাদ্যৰ বিস্তৃত পৰিসৰ পোৱা যায়, আনহাতে পাহাৰীয়া খাদ্যত কেইটামান আচাৰৰ বাহিৰেও এনে খাদ্য অতি কম। কোৱাটি (বিভিন্নপ্ৰকাৰৰ বীনৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী চূপ), কাচিলা (মচলাযুক্ত কিমা মাংস), চয়লা (মচলাত মেৰিনেট কৰি শুকান ঘেঁহুৰ ডালৰ জুইত পোৰা ম'হৰ মাংস), পুকালা (ভজা মাংস), ৱো (মচুৰ দাইলৰ পিঠা), পৌন কোৱা (টেঙা চূপ), স্বমপুকা (ষ্টফড হাওঁফাওঁ), ছায়েন (ভাজি যকৃত), মাই (সিজোৱা আৰু ভাজি লোৱা জিভা), সপু ম্হিচা (হাড়ৰ গুটিৰে ভৰা অন্ত্ৰৰ আৱৰণ), আৰু সন্যা খুনা (জেলীৰ দৰে মাছৰ চূপ) উৎসৱৰ জনপ্ৰিয় খাদ্য। ডেজাৰ্টৰ ভিতৰত ধৌ (দৈ), চিছাবুছা (ফল-মূল), আৰু মাৰি (মিঠা) আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। ‘আমলি’ ফলৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী আচাৰো ইয়াত পোৱা যায়। থাভা (ৰাইচ বিয়েৰ) আৰু আয়ালা (স্থানীয় সুৰা) হৈছে নেৱাৰসকলে ঘৰতে বনোৱা দুবিধ সাধাৰণ মদ্যপান। নেৱাৰী সংস্কৃতিত খাদ্যৰ গুৰুত্ব অতি বেছি।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://web.comhem.se/~u18515267/CHAPTERIV.htm |title=CHAPTER IV: CASTE AND FOOD |access-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203184548/http://web.comhem.se/~u18515267/CHAPTERIV.htm |archive-date=3 February 2019 |url-status=dead |archivedate=3 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203184548/http://web.comhem.se/~u18515267/CHAPTERIV.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> নেৱাৰী খাদ্য অন্যতম সুস্বাদু খাদ্য, ইয়াৰ সোৱাদ অতি টেঙা। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://migrationology.com/newari-food-samay-baji/|title=Nepali Newari Food - Introduction to the Stimulating Flavors of Samay Baji|first=Mark|last=Wiens|date=5 September 2013|website=Migrationology - Food Travel Blog}}</ref> ম'হৰ মাংসৰ (ৰন্ধা আৰু কেঁচা উভয়) প্ৰতিটো খাব পৰা অংশৰ বাবে ইয়াৰ অন্ত্ৰ, পেট আৰু মগজুকে ধৰি বিভিন্ন ব্যঞ্জন আছে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/kathmandus-hidden-diners-offer-the-real-deal/|title=Kathmandu's hidden diners offer the real deal|date=25 March 2015|website=AFP}}</ref> আৰু নেৱাৰীসকলৰ খাদ্য বিখ্যাত হোৱাৰ আন এটা কাৰণ এইটোৱেই। === লোহৰুঙসকলৰ খাদ্য === [[File:Fried chicken, Lohorung food.jpg|thumb|right|ভজা কুকুৰাৰ মাংস, লোহৰুং খাদ্য]] লোহৰুংসকল পূব নেপালৰ থলুৱা অধিবাসী। তেওঁলোকৰ খাদ্য তালিকাত স্থানীয় উৎসৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী বিভিন্ন খাদ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। ইয়াৰে কিছুমান হ’ল- ৱাচিপা, বামিক, মাছিকদাম, চিবৰিং, চেল ৰুটি, বাৱাৰী, ধূলে আচাৰ, সৰুৱা, চামৰে, ডিবু ইত্যাদি। ===লিম্বু খাদ্যাভাস=== [[File:Limbuwomendrinktongba.jpg|thumb|লিম্বু মহিলাই পৰম্পৰাগত টংবা পানীয় পান কৰিছে। ]] লিম্বু লোকসকলৰ কিছুমান অনন্য পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্য আছে, য’ত কিনেমা (কিন্বন কৰা সৰিয়হ), ছয়াবিন, বাঁহৰ গাজৰ ব্যঞ্ছণ, বাজৰা বা আটাৰ আটাৰ ৰুটি, আৰু লিম্বু টংবা (বাজৰাৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী পৰম্পৰাগত বিয়েৰ) আদি। ধাৰণৰ দৰে পূবৰ কিছুমান অঞ্চলতো গাহৰিৰ মাংস আৰু কুকুৰাৰ মাংস খোৱা হয়। ===মাধেচী খাদ্য === শিৱলিক পাহাৰৰ দক্ষিণে অৱস্থিত মধেশ অঞ্চলৰ খাদ্য সম্ভাৰে ইয়াৰ বৈচিত্ৰ্যমজ় সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰতিফলন কৰে। মধেশ অঞ্চলৰ মধ্য আৰু পশ্চিম অঞ্চলত পূবত থাৰু খাদ্য, আৰু ভোজপুৰী খাদ্য <ref>{{cite web|url=http://mithilacuisine.blogspot.com/ |title=Nepali Mithila Cuisine |publisher=Mithilacuisine.blogspot.com |access-date=12 September 2010}}</ref> প্ৰচলিত। আৰু পশ্চিমে মোগল প্ৰভাবিত আৱাধি খাদ্য পোৱা যায়। বিশেষকৈ মধেশ অঞ্চলৰ সীমান্তৱৰ্তী নেপালগঞ্জৰ আশে-পাশে বাস কৰা বৃহৎ মুছলমান জনসংখ্যায় এই খাদ্য পছন্দ কৰে। মধ্য পাহাৰতকৈ মধেচী মানুহৰ খাদ্যাভ্যাস অধিক বৈচিত্ৰ্যপূৰ্ণ। ইয়াত স্থানীয়ভাৱে উৎপাদিত বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ শস্য উৎপাদন হয়। পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰ শীতল জলবায়ু অঞ্চলৰপৰাও নগদ শস্য আমদানি কৰা হয় আৰু বহুতো খাদ্য বৃহত্তৰ নেপালৰ অন্যান্য অংশৰপৰাও আমদানি কৰা হয়। মধেশত সাধাৰণতে উৎপাদিত ফলৰ ভিতৰত আম (আপ), লিচু, অমিতা (আৰ্মেভা/মেৱা), কল (কেৰা/কেলা/কোলা), আৰু কঁঠাল (কটাহাৰ/কথাল) আদি। পৰম্পৰাগত মাধেচী খাদ্যত সাধাৰণতে বাচমতি চাউলৰ ভাত ঘিউ (ঘেউ)ৰ সৈতে,এবিধ দাইল, মিশ্ৰিত শাক-পাচলিৰ তৰকাৰী, তৰুয়া (গ্ৰাম আটাৰ বেটাৰত আৱৰণ দিয়া আৰু তেলত ভজা কেঁচা শাক—যেনে আলু, বেঙেনা, জলকীয়া, ফুলকবি আদি), পাপড়, আম বা নেমুৰ আচাৰ, আৰু দৈ আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। আমিষ খাদ্য মূলতঃ মাছ বা ছাগলী (মাটন)ৰ মাংসৰ তৰকাৰী । পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে তেওঁলোকে হাঁহ-কুকুৰাৰ মাংস ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা নাছিল। কিন্তু নগৰায়নৰ প্ৰভাৱৰ বাবে এইবোৰ সাধাৰণ হৈ পৰিছে। === থাৰু খাদ্যাভাস === [[নেপাল]]ত শিৱলিক আৰু মহাভাৰত পৰ্বতমালাৰে আগুৰি থকা সাতটা কম উচ্চতাৰ "অভ্যন্তৰীণ তেৰাই" উপত্যকা আছে। ঐতিহাসিকভাৱে এই উপত্যকাবোৰত মেলেৰিয়াৰ প্ৰৱণ আছিল আৰু মূলতঃ থাৰু লোকসকলে বাস কৰিছিল, যিসকলৰ এই ৰোগৰ প্ৰতি জিনীয় প্ৰতিৰোধ ক্ষমতা আছিল। এই উপত্যকাবোৰ বিচ্ছিন্ন হোৱাৰ বাবে থাৰু জনগোষ্ঠীৰ বিভিন্ন গোটৰ সুকীয়া উপভাষা আৰু ৰীতি-নীতি আছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ খাদ্যাভ্যাসৰ ধৰণো হয়তো বেলেগ আছিল যদিও এই বিষয়ত এতিয়াও বিশেষ গৱেষণা হোৱা নাই। তথাপি ঐতিহাসিকভাৱে বেছিভাগ থাৰু মানুহে কন্দ চিকাৰ আৰু সংগ্ৰহৰ লগতে স্থানান্তৰিত খেতি আৰু পশুপালনৰ জৰিয়তে বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ খাদ্য লাভ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite book |last=Guneratne |first=Arjun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T7FWQ6dzYZQC |title=Many Tongues, One People: The Making of Tharu Identity in Nepal |date=2002 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-8014-8728-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Taste of the South |url=https://www.buddhaair.com/blog/The-Taste-of-the-South |access-date=14 Dec 2023 |website=Buddha air}}</ref> [[File:Tharu food.jpg|thumb|থাৰু খাদ্য]] এওঁলোকৰ পাহাৰী/পাহাৰীয়া হিন্দুসকলৰ খাদ্যাভ্যাসৰ সৈতে একেবাৰে বিপৰীত আছিল, যিটো মূলতঃ কৃষিৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ধৰ্মীয় বা জাতিগত বাধাৰ বাবে পশুৰ মাংস অতি কম ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। ১৯৫০ চনত যেতিয়া নেপালে বিদেশী আৰু বিদেশী সাহায্য অভিযানৰ বাবে নিজৰ সীমা মুকলি কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া অন্তৰ্নিহিত মধেছত মেলেৰিয়া বিৰোধী কাৰ্যসূচীৰ ফলত এই ৰোগৰ প্ৰতি প্ৰাকৃতিক প্ৰতিৰোধ ক্ষমতা নথকা লোকসকলে তাত বসতি স্থাপন কৰাটো সম্ভৱ হৈ উঠিছিল। থাৰু জনসাধাৰণে ভূমি পলায়ন কৰা লোকৰ ব্যাপক সোঁত আৰু পাহাৰত খাদ্যৰ অভাৱৰ সন্মুখীন হ’বলগীয়া হৈছিল। বনাঞ্চল আৰু ঘাঁহনি কৃষিভূমিলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হোৱা আৰু চিকাৰৰ ওপৰত নিষেধাজ্ঞাৰ বাবে পূব আৰু পশ্চিমৰ থাৰু লোকসকলে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰম্পৰাগত ভূমিভিত্তিক চিকাৰ আৰু সংগ্ৰহ পদ্ধতিৰপৰা আঁতৰি আহিছিল; বৰঞ্চ তেওঁলোকে নদী আৰু পুখুৰীৰপৰা মাছ, পানীৰ কেঁকোৰা, মিছামাছ আৰু শামুক বেছিকৈ খাবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিলে। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tharuculture.blogspot.com/2013/05/fishing-and-tharus.html|title=VOICE OF THARUS: Fishing and the Tharus|date=18 May 2013}}</ref> থাৰুসকলে কুকুৰা পালন কৰে আৰু ঘৰচীয়া কুকুৰৰ সহায়ত ধাননি পথাৰত নিগনি চিকাৰ কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছত লাঠিত গোটাকৈ পুৰি খায় বুলি কোৱা হয়। যাযাবৰী পাহাৰীয়া জনগোষ্ঠীৰপৰা ছাগলীৰ মাংস লাভ কৰিব পাৰি, যেনে খাম মাগাৰ; গ্ৰীষ্মকালত তেওঁলোকে নিজৰ ভেড়া আৰু ছাগলীৰ জাকবোৰক ওখ হিমালয়ৰ কাষৰ উপ-আলপাইন চৰণীয়া পথাৰলৈ খেদি পঠিয়াই দিয়ে আৰু শীতকালত ইহঁতক ভিতৰৰ মাধেছৰ উপত্যকালৈ চৰাবলৈ লৈ আনে। মাটিৰ বাবে বৃদ্ধি পোৱা প্ৰতিযোগিতাই থাৰুসকলে স্থানান্তৰিত খেতি পৰিত্যাগ কৰি একে ঠাইতে কৃষিৰফালে নিয়োগ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰিলে। যাৰ ফলত দাইল আৰু ধান খোৱাৰ জাতীয় প্ৰথাৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছে। থাৰু মানুহৰ এই প্ৰধান খাদ্য প্ৰস্তুত কৰাৰ অনন্য পদ্ধতি আছে; উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে, চাউল আৰু তিলৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী একপ্ৰকাৰৰ খাদ্য (গুঝিয়া)ক ‘বগীয়া’ বা ‘ধিকৰী’<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tharuculture.blogspot.com/2012/12/bagiya-rice-flour-dumplings-made-tharu.html|title=VOICE OF THARUS: Bagiya – the rice flour dumplings made the Tharu way|date=14 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thegundruk.com/tharu-cuisines-in-pictures/|title=Tharu Cuisines and Delicacies (in Pictures)|date=16 January 2016|work=thegundruk.com|access-date=15 September 2018|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915094556/http://www.thegundruk.com/tharu-cuisines-in-pictures/|archivedate=15 September 2018|deadurl=yes}}</ref> বুলি কোৱা হয় আৰু কেঁচা চাউলৰ সহায়ত ‘মাৰ’ নামৰ একপ্ৰকাৰৰ দাইল তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |last=Century-Foods |date=2022-09-21 |title=Traditional Nepali Must Try Dishes - A Highlight On Tharu Cuisine |url=https://www.century-foods.com/tharu-cuisine/ |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=Century Spices & Snacks |language=en-US |archivedate=2023-12-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214114657/https://www.century-foods.com/tharu-cuisine/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> কচু অঞ্চলটোৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ খাদ্যশস্য। ইয়াৰ পাত আৰু শিপা খোৱা হয়। সিদ্ধাৰা <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tharuculture.blogspot.com/2011/12/sidhara-colocasia-concoction.html|title=VOICE OF THARUS: Sidhara – the colocasia concoction|date=21 December 2011}}</ref> হৈছে কচুৰ শিপা, শুকান মাছ আৰু হালধিৰ মিশ্ৰণ, কেক আকৃতি দি অধিক পাতলকৈ কাটি শুকুৱাই লোৱা হয়। তাৰ পিছত এই কেকবোৰ ভাঙি মূলা,জলকীয়া, হালধি, আৰু অন্যান্য মচলাৰ সৈতে সিজাই ভাপত দিয়া ভাতৰ সৈতে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। শামুকবোৰ চাফা কৰি উতলাই তাৰ পিছত মচলা দি ‘ঘংঘী’ নামৰ ব্যঞ্জন তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 5 Tharu Cuisines |url=https://nepaltraveller.com/sidetrack/top-5-tharu-cuisines |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=nepaltraveller.com |language=en}}</ref> ===মিঠাই=== [[File:Khoya Barfi.JPG|thumb|left| গাখীৰ আৰু চেনিৰে তৈয়াৰী সাধাৰণ বৰফি। ]] নেপালত বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ ফল-মূল যেনে পাৰচিমন, আপেল, আম, টেঞ্জাৰিন, কিৱি) আৰু বাদাম উৎপাদন হয়, যিবোৰ স্থানীয় মিঠাইত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। নেপালী খাদ্যত ডেজাৰ্ট সাধাৰণ নহয়; বৰঞ্চ গাখীৰ, দৈ আৰু পনিৰৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী মিঠাইবোৰ প্ৰায়ে ব্ৰেকফাষ্টত সম্পূৰ্ণ খাদ্য হিচাপে খোৱা হয়। কেতিয়াবা আটাৰ সলনি কুটি লোৱা বিলাহী, বা চেমোলিনা, চাউল, কুঁহিয়াৰ, বা পদুমৰ গুটি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। মচুৰ দাইল, ফল, আটা, ঘনীভূত গাখীৰৰ মিশ্ৰণ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি বৰফি তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। <ref name=sweets>{{cite book |last1=Roufs |first1=Timothy G. |last2=Roufs |first2=Kathleen Smyth |title=Sweet Treats Around the World |pages=179–183}}</ref> [[File:Sooji Ki Berfi.JPG|thumb|চুজিৰ হালৱা]] হালৱা হৈছে সেউজীয়া ইলাচি, কাজু, কিচমিচ, আৰু কুটি লোৱা নাৰিকলৰ সোৱাদযুক্ত মিঠা চুজিৰ পুডিং। আন নেপালী মিঠাইৰ দৰে পুডিংও ঘিউ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। "লাল মোহন" নামৰ বলবোৰ পকোৰাৰ দৰে তেলত ভালকৈ ভাজি লৈ তাৰ পিছত ইলাচিৰ সোৱাদযুক্ত মিঠা চেনিৰ ৰসত ডুবাই থোৱা হয়। <ref name=sweets /> ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত পালন কৰা যমাৰী পূৰ্ণিমা উৎসৱ উপলক্ষ্য্যে নেৱাৰ সমাজে শস্য চপোৱাৰ পিছত শস্যৰ দেৱী অন্নপূৰ্ণাৰ প্ৰতি কৃতজ্ঞতা প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ তিল আৰু চেনিৰ বা গুৰেৰে ভৰাই মিঠা চাউলৰ আটাৰ খাদ্য (যমাৰী) তৈয়াৰ কৰে। হিন্দু প্ৰধান এই দেশখনত ঘনীভূত গাখীৰ খোৱা হয় পৰা আৰু গাখীৰৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী মিঠা পেৰা (মিঠা পেষ্ট্ৰি) হিন্দু দেৱতাক আগবঢ়োৱা হয়। <ref name=sweets /> ===জলপান=== জলপানৰ ভিতৰত 'খাজা' নামৰ পোৰা বা ফুলি উঠা গোমধানৰ আখৈ, চিৰা, শুকানকৈ পোৰা ছয়াবিন, শুকান ফলৰ মিঠাই (লেপচি), আৰু দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ খাদ্য যেনে চিংৰা আৰু দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ মিঠাই। আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় জলপান যেনে বিস্কুট (পেকেজড কুকিজ), আলুৰ চিপচ, আৰু ‘ৱাই ৱাই’ (ইষ্টেণ্ট নুডলছ) আদিও ব্যাপকভাৱে প্ৰচলিত হৈছে। কিন্তু কিছুমান নেপালী যুৱকে পশ্চিমীয়া জলপান পছন্দ কৰে কাৰণ সেইবোৰ অধিক সহজে উপলব্ধ আৰু খাবলৈ কম সময় লাগে। ===পানীয়=== [[File:Tongba - Nepalese fermented millet beer.jpg|thumb|222x222px|টংবা,লিম্বু ষ্টাইলৰ মিলেট বীয়েৰ। ]] চাহ (চিয়া) সাধাৰণতে গাখীৰ আৰু চেনিৰ সৈতে খোৱা হয়। কুহিয়াৰৰ ৰস (শ্বাৰবাট), আৰু মাখন (মাহী) সাধাৰণ অৰাগিয়াল পানীয়। ৰাগিয়াল পানীয়ৰ ভিতৰত ৰাক্সি। গাঁৱৰ ভঁৰালত বনোৱা সুৰা জান্দ/জৰ্দ আৰু ঘৰতে তৈয়াৰ কৰা চাউলৰ বিয়েৰ। অধিক উচ্চতাত টংবা, নিগাৰ, ছিয়াং আদি বাজৰাৰ বিয়েৰ পোৱা যায়। ===আচাৰ=== ==পশ্চিমীয়া প্ৰভাৱ== নেপালী খাদ্যত পশ্চিমীয়া সংস্কৃতিৰ প্ৰভাৱ পৰা দেখা যায়। পশ্চিমীয়া খাদ্য যেনে পাওৰুটি, মাহ, বেগেল, পিজ্জা, চেণ্ডুইচ, বাৰ্গাৰ, আৰু পাস্তা আৰু ক’ক, ফাণ্টা, স্প্ৰাইটৰ দৰে পানীয় যথেষ্টসংখ্যক পৰ্যটক থকা চহৰ আৰু ঠাইসমূহত পোৱা যায়। চহৰত বাস কৰা মধ্যবিত্ত পৰিয়ালসমূহে দৈনিক এই খাদ্যসমূহ সেৱন কৰে। চহৰৰ আশে-পাশে থকা প্ৰায় সকলো ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্টতে এইবোৰ পোৱা যায়। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurants-g293890-c2-Kathmandu_Kathmandu_Valley_Bagmati_Zone_Central_Region.html|title=American Restaurants in Kathmandu}}</ref> ==শিষ্টাচাৰ== যদিও চহৰৰ বেছিভাগ ঘৰ আৰু ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্টত ডাইনিং টেবুল থাকে যদিও গাঁৱত প্ৰায়ে সৰু কাঠৰ আসনত (পীধা) বা চকী বা বেঞ্চত বহি খাদ্য খোৱা হয়। ‘ঝাৰকে থাল’ (কাঁহৰ ডাঙৰ প্লেট) বা ‘খাণ্ডে থাল’ (খাদ্যৰ ব্যক্তিগত অংশ থকা প্লেট)ত চাউল, ধিনদো বা ৰোটিৰ ডাঙৰ স্তূপ এটা পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। ঝাৰকে থালত চাউলৰ চাৰিওফালে সিজোৱা শাক-পাচলি, সতেজ চাটনি বা আচাৰ, আৰু কেতিয়াবা দৈ, মাছ, মাংস আদিৰ সৰু সৰু ভাগ থাকে। সৰু প্লেটত বা পৰিয়ালৰ বিশেষ অতিথি বা বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠসকলক খাদ্য পৰিৱেশন কৰাৰ সময়ত বিভিন্ন খাদ্যৰ বাবে পৃথক গিলাচ আৰু বাটি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। আটাইতকৈ উল্লেখযোগ্য কথাটো হ’ল বয়োজ্যেষ্ঠ আৰু বিশেষ অতিথিক দিয়া পৃথক প্লেট আৰু বাটিবোৰ বিশেষ ধাতুৰ মিশ্ৰণ (ঝাৰকে)ৰে তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়। কিন্তু প্ৰজন্মৰ পাছত প্ৰজন্মৰ পাছত প্ৰজন্মৰ পাছত ধাতুৰ গঠন সলনি হৈ অহাৰ বাবে ‘ঝাৰকা’ কিহৰপৰা তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয় সেয়া সঠিকভাৱে নিৰ্ণয় কৰাটো কঠিন, আৰু ইয়াৰ কোনো নিৰ্দিষ্ট মানদণ্ড নাই। গতিকে অঞ্চল, যুগ, কাৰুকাৰ্য্য, আৰু অন্যান্য কাৰকৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰ কৰি ঝাৰকা প্লেট, বাটি, আৰু অন্যান্য বস্তুৰ ৰূপ ভিন্ন হ’ব পাৰে, কিন্তু ইয়াৰ আঁৰৰ আত্মা একেই থাকে। খাণ্ডে থাল (প্লেট)ত চাটনি, শাক-পাচলি, আৰু অন্যান্য খাদ্যৰ বাবে পৃথক সৰু সৰু ডবা থাকে। পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে সোঁহাতেৰে খাদ্য খোৱা হয়। খাদ্য স্পৰ্শ কৰা বা বাঁওহাত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা—যিটো পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে শৌচ কৰাৰ পাছত চাফা কৰিবলৈ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়—অশুচি আৰু নিষিদ্ধ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। খাদ্য খোৱাৰ আগতে হাত ধুব লাগে, আৰু খোৱাৰ পাছত হাত-মুখ ধুব লাগে। খোৱাৰ পাছত ওঁঠ ধোৱাটো এটা নিয়ম। চামুচৰ ব্যৱহাৰ, আৰু শেহতীয়াকৈ কাঁটাচামুচৰ ব্যৱহাৰো বৃদ্ধি পাইছে, আৰু এইবোৰ উপলব্ধ নেকি বুলি সুধিলে গ্ৰহণযোগ্য। চামুচেৰে খোৱাৰ সময়ত খোৱাৰ আগতে বা খোৱাৰ পাছত হাত-মুখ ধুব নালাগে। নেপালত বিশেষকৈ ব্ৰাহ্মণ আৰু ছেত্ৰী জাতিৰ মাজত খাদ্য-পানীয়ৰ বিশুদ্ধতাক অতি গুৰুত্বসহকাৰে লোৱা হয়। লালাৰ সংস্পৰ্শলৈ অহা খাদ্যক প্ৰায় সৰ্বজনীনভাৱে অশুদ্ধ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়; ইয়াক ‘জুথা’ বুলি কোৱা হয় আৰু ইয়াক অসন্মান বা সম্পূৰ্ণ অজ্ঞানতাৰ চিন বুলি ধৰিব পাৰি। বাকী থকা খাদ্য গ্ৰহণ কৰাটো সন্মানৰ পৰম্পৰাগত স্তৰৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি কৰা হয়—উদাহৰণস্বৰূপে শিশুৱে পিতৃ-মাতৃৰ বাকী থকা খাদ্য খাব পাৰে, কিন্তু পিতৃ-মাতৃয়ে সন্তানৰ বাকী থকা খাদ্য নাখাবও পাৰে ইত্যাদি ইত্যাদি। সমান মৰ্যাদাৰ মানুহে—যেনে বন্ধু-বান্ধৱী আৰু পত্নীয়েও বাকী থকা খাদ্য ভাগ কৰিব পাৰে; কিন্তু অতি ধৰ্মীয় লোকে (যিসকলে বাকী থকা খাদ্যক অশুদ্ধ বুলি গণ্য কৰে) বা অতি পৰম্পৰাগত লোকে (যিসকলে বিশ্বাস কৰে যে বাকী থকা খাদ্যই ৰোগ বিয়পায়, বা য'ত স্বামীক পত্নীতকৈ উচ্চ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়) তেনে নকৰে। একেদৰে পোহনীয়া জন্তু বা আন জন্তুৱে স্পৰ্শ কৰা খাদ্য বা পোক-পৰুৱাৰ আক্ৰমণত আক্ৰান্ত খাদ্য পেলাই দি বাচন-বৰ্তন ভালদৰে ধুই পেলোৱা হয়। কিছুমান ক্ষেত্ৰত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে পৱিত্ৰ বুলি গণ্য কৰা জীৱ-জন্তুৰ বাবে ৰেহাই দিয়া হ’ব পাৰে—যেনে গৰু। ==চিত্ৰসমূহ== <gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="170"> File:Tharu Cuisine.jpg|শুকান মাছৰ ব্যঞ্জন; থাৰু ৰান্ধনীশালৰ File:Tharu Beverage.jpg|চাউলৰ সুৰা; থাৰু খাদ্যাভাস File:Dhikri.jpg|ঢিকাৰী; থাৰু ব্যঞ্জন File:Chhwela.jpg|ছিউলা; নেৱা ব্যঞ্জন File:Garcha.jpg|ৰ্গাচা; নেৱা ব্যঞ্জন File:Lapte Bhoye.jpg|লাপতে ভোয়ে; নেৱা ব্যঞ্জন File:Boiled Corn.jpg|সিজোৱা মাকৈৰ সৈতে জলকীয়াৰ আচাৰ File:Plateful of Momo in Nepal.jpg|নেপালত প্লেট ভৰ্তি মমো File:Ghogi.jpg|ঘুংগী(শামুক); থাৰু খাদ্যাভাস </gallery> ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist|30em}} ==অধিক পঢ়ক== * {{cite web |last = Löwdin |first = Per |title = Food, Ritual and Society: A Study of Social Structure and Food Symbolism among the Newars |orig-year = 1986 |year = 2002 |url = http://web.comhem.se/~u18515267/FRS.htm |format = Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Culture Anthropology, University of Uppsala, Sweden |access-date = 17 November 2013 |url-status = bot: unknown |archive-url = https://archive.today/20120630221041/http://web.comhem.se/~u18515267/FRS.htm |archive-date = 30 June 2012 |df = dmy-all |archivedate = 30 June 2012 |archiveurl = https://archive.today/20120630221041/http://web.comhem.se/~u18515267/FRS.htm |deadurl = yes }} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [https://www.stunningnepal.com/nepalese-food/ Nepalese Food] * [http://www.food-nepal.com/ Guide to Nepali food] * [https://listnepal.com/list-of-traditional-nepali-foods/ Must Try Nepali dishes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110223011/https://listnepal.com/list-of-traditional-nepali-foods/ |date=10 November 2024 }} * [https://www.nelomasi.com.np/2019/10/list-of-newari-food-nepal.html List of Newari Dishes] {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:নেপালৰ খাদ্য]] lnrhlppkdeip3vgmbnydf5zff67jzrt 0 133977 646186 638542 2026-10-20T04:39:12Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646186 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox person|image=Jane Addams - Bain News Service.jpg|birth_name=লাওৰা জেন এডামছ্|birth_date={{birth date|1860|9|6}}|birth_place=[[চেডাৰভিল, ইল্লিনইজ]], ইউ.এছ.|death_date={{death date and age|1935|5|21|1860|09|06}}|death_place=[[চিকাগো, ইল্লিনইজ]], ইউ.এছ.|occupation={{hlist|সমাজকৰ্মী আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক কৰ্মী|লেখিকা আৰু প্ৰবক্তা|সম্প্ৰদায় সংগঠক|বুদ্ধিজীৱী}}|awards=[[শান্তিৰ নোবেল বঁ‌টা]] (১৯৩১) (নিকোলাছ মাৰেৰ সৈতে যুতিয়া ভাবে)<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/summary/|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1931 - NobelPrize.org|website=NobelPrize.org}}</ref>|relatives={{ubl|এলিছ হাল্ডেমেন (ভগ্নী)|জেম্‌ছ ৱেবাৰ লিন (ভতিজা)}}|education=ৰকফৰ্ড ফিমেল চেমিনাৰী|signature=Jane Addams signature.svg}} [[চিত্ৰ:Portrait114.gif|thumb|১৮৯২ চনত এলিছ কেলগ টাইলাৰে কয়লা অংকন পদ্ধতিৰে বনোৱা জেন এডামছৰ প্ৰতিকৃতি। উৎস: ''এডামছ্: টুৱেণ্টি ইয়াৰ্ছ এট হাল হাউচ'' (১৯১০), পৃ. ১১৪]] '''লাওৰা জেন এডামছ্''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jane Addams|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1931/addams/biographical/|work=The Nobel Prize|publisher=The Norwegian Nobel Institute|accessdate=September 10, 2021}}</ref> (৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ, ১৮৬০{{Spaced en dash}} ১৯৩৫ চনৰ ২১ মে') এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান কৰ্মী, সমাজ সংস্কাৰক, সমাজকৰ্মী, <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chambers|first1=Clarke A.|date=March 1986|title=Women in the Creation of the Profession of Social Work|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_social-service-review_1986-03_60_1/page/1|journal=[[Social Service Review]]|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|volume=60|issue=1|pages=1–33|doi=10.1086/644347|jstor=30011832}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Franklin|first1=Donna L.|date=June 1986|title=Mary Richmond and Jane Addams: From Moral Certainty to Rational Inquiry in Social Work Practice|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_social-service-review_1986-12_60_4/page/504|journal=[[Social Service Review]]|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|volume=60|issue=4|pages=504–525|doi=10.1086/644396|jstor=30012363}}</ref> [[সমাজতত্ত্ব|সমাজবিজ্ঞানী]], ৰাজহুৱা প্ৰশাসক, দাৰ্শনিক, আৰু লেখিকা আছিল। সমাজসেৱা আৰু মহিলাৰ ভোটাধিকাৰৰ ইতিহাসত তেখেত এগৰাকী নেত্ৰী হিচাপে পৰিচিত। এডামছ্ ১৮৮৯ চনত ইলিনয়ৰ চিকাগোত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত আমেৰিকাৰ অন্যতম বিখ্যাত আশ্ৰম হাল হাউছৰ সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক আছিল, এই আশ্ৰমে দৰিদ্ৰ, বহুলাংশে অনুপ্ৰৱেশকাৰী পৰিয়ালসমূহক ব্যাপক সামাজিক সেৱা প্ৰদান কৰে। দাৰ্শনিকভাৱে এগৰাকী "উগ্ৰ প্ৰাগমেটিষ্ট ", তৰ্কহীনভাৱে তেওঁ আছিল আমেৰিকাৰ প্ৰথম মহিলা ৰাজহুৱা দাৰ্শনিক। প্ৰগতিশীল যুগত এডামছ্ আছিল অন্যতম বিশিষ্ট সংস্কাৰক। ১৯৩১ চনত এডামছ্ [[শান্তি ন'বেল বঁটা|শান্তিৰ নোবেল বঁটা]] লাভ কৰা প্ৰথমগৰাকী আমেৰিকান মহিলা হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰে; <ref>{{Cite book|last=Stuart|first1=Paul H.|title=Encyclopedia of Social Work|chapter=Social Work Profession: History|publisher=Oxford University Press and the National Association of Social Workers Press|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.623|year=2013|isbn=978-0-19-997583-9}}</ref> তেওঁ [[:en:Nicholas Murray Butler|নিকোলাছ মাৰে বাটলাৰৰ]] সৈতে এই জয়ৰ অংশীদাৰ হয়। ইয়াৰ পূৰ্বে ১৯১০ চনত এডামছ্ [[:en:Yale University|য়েল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ]] পৰা সন্মানীয় স্নাতকোত্তৰ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰি বিদ্যালয়খনৰপৰা সন্মানীয় ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰা প্ৰথমগৰাকী মহিলা হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yalealumnimagazine.org/articles/4881-women-of-honor|title=Women of honor|work=yalealumnimagazine.org}}</ref> ১৯২০ চনত তেওঁ [[:en:American Civil Liberties Union|আমেৰিকান চিভিল লিবাৰ্টিজ ইউনিয়ন]] (ACLU)ৰ সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক আছিল। <ref>{{Cite web|title=Celebrating Women's History Month: The Fight for Women's Rights and the American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU|work=American Civil Liberties Union of Virginia|url=http://acluva.org/11229/celebrating-womens-history-month-the-fight-for-womens-rights-and-the-aclu/|publisher=ACLU Virginia|date=March 28, 2013}}</ref> এডামছ্ে আমেৰিকাক মাতৃসকলৰ বাবে চিন্তনীয় বিষয়সমূহৰ সমাধান আৰু মনোনিৱেশ কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল, লগতে মহিলাসকলক নিযুক্ত কৰা ঘৰুৱা কামসমূহ, যেনে শিশুৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা, স্থানীয় জনস্বাস্থ্য আৰু বিশ্ব শান্তি আদি। "নগৰ প্ৰশাসনত মহিলাৰ ব্যৱহাৰ" নামৰ ৰচনাখনত এডামছ্ে চৰকাৰ আৰু ঘৰৰ কাম-কাজৰ মাজৰ সংযোগটো লক্ষ্য কৰি কয় যে চৰকাৰৰ বহু বিভাগ যেনে অনাময় আৰু শিশুৰ স্কুলীয়া শিক্ষা ব্যক্তিগত ক্ষেত্ৰত পৰম্পৰাগত মহিলাৰ ভূমিকাৰপৰাই অনুসন্ধান কৰিব পাৰি। <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jane Addams on Women in Government|url=https://sageamericanhistory.net/progressive/docs/Addams.htm|accessdate=2023-11-03|work=sageamericanhistory.net.net}}</ref> ১৯৩৫ চনত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ সময়ত এডামছ্ আমেৰিকাৰ আটাইতকৈ পৰিচিত ৰাজহুৱা মহিলা ব্যক্তিত্ব আছিল। <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the City|last=Caves|first1=R. W.|publisher=Routledge|year=2004|pages=8}}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == [[চিত্ৰ:Jane_Addams.jpg|thumb|যুৱতী অৱস্থাত জেন এডামছ্, চিকাগোৰ কক্সৰদ্বাৰা তাৰিখবিহীন ষ্টুডিঅ' প্ৰতিকৃতি]] [[চিত্ৰ:Jane_Addams_Birthplace.gif|thumb|ইলিনয়ৰ চিডাৰভিলত জেন এডামছৰ জন্মস্থান। ''উৎস'' এডামছ্: ''টুৱেণ্টি ইয়াৰ্ছ এট হাল হাউচ'' (১৯১০), ৰাজহুৱা ডমেইনত। ]] ইলিনয়ৰ চিডাৰভিলত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰা জেন এডামছ্ আছিল ইংলিছ-আমেৰিকান বংশৰ উত্তৰ ইলিনয়ৰ এটা সমৃদ্ধিশালী পৰিয়ালৰ আঠোগৰাকী উত্তৰাধিকাৰীৰ মাজৰ এগৰাকী। <ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000 -1">{{Cite book|last=Kathryn Cullen-DuPont|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC&pg=PA374|year=2000|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-4100-8|pages=4–5}}</ref> ১৮৬৩ চনত যেতিয়া এডামছৰ বয়স দুবছৰ আছিল, তেতিয়া তেওঁৰ মাতৃ চাৰা এডামছ্ ( [[কুমাৰী নাম আৰু বিবাহিত নাম|née]] Weber )ৰ নৱম সন্তানৰ গৰ্ভৱতী অৱস্থাত মৃত্যু হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বেছিভাগ সময়ত এডামছ্ক ডাঙৰ ভনীয়েকহঁতেই যত্ন লৈছিল। এডামছৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সলৈকে তেওঁৰ চাৰিগৰাকী ভাই-ভনীৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল: ইয়াৰে তিনিজন শিশু অৱস্থাত আৰু এজনৰ ১৬ বছৰ বয়সত মৃত্যু হয়। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Linn|first1=James Weber|title=Jane Addams:Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/janeaddamsbiogra0000linn_k2m8|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2000|origyear=1935|place=Urbana|page=[https://archive.org/details/janeaddamsbiogra0000linn_k2m8/page/24 24]|isbn=0-252-06904-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy|url=https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam00knig|url-access=limited|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2005|place=Chicago|pages=[https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam00knig/page/n48 32]–33}}</ref> এডামছে তেওঁৰ শৈশৱ ঘৰে-পৰে খেলি-পঢ়ি কটাইছিল। তেওঁ দেওবৰীয়া স্কুলত পঢ়া-শুনা কৰিছিল। চাৰি বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ মেৰুদণ্ডৰ [[যক্ষ্মা|যক্ষ্মা ৰোগত]] আক্ৰান্ত হয়, যাক পটছ ৰোগ বুলি জনা যায়, যাৰ ফলত তেওঁৰ মেৰুদণ্ড বেঁকা হৈ পৰে আৰু আজীৱন স্বাস্থ্যজনিত সমস্যাৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। ইয়াৰ ফলত শিশু অৱস্থাত আন ল’ৰা-ছোৱালীৰ সৈতে কাম কৰাটো তেওঁৰ বাবে জটিল হৈ পৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jane Addams and Hull-House|url=http://www.teachspace.org/personal/research/addams/index.html|publisher=DeVry University|location=Her childhood|page=1|year=2001}}</ref> সৰুতে তেওঁ নিজকে কুৎসিত বুলি ভাবিছিল, এই আত্মদণ্ডত ভোগী তেওঁ আনকি দেউতাকৰ লগত ৰাস্তাৰে খোজ কাঢ়ি গৈ দেউতাকক লজ্জিত নকৰিবলৈয়ো চেষ্টা কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=36–37}}</ref> জেন এডামছে সৰুতে পিতৃ জন এইচ এডামছ্ক যথেষ্ট সমীহ কৰিছিল, এইকথা তেওঁ তেওঁৰ স্মৃতিগ্ৰন্থ ''টুৱেণ্টি ইয়াৰ্ছ এট হাল হাউচ'' (১৯১০)ৰ কাহিনীবোৰত উল্লেখ কৰিছিল। <ref name=":0" /> তেওঁ ইলিনয় ৰিপাব্লিকান পাৰ্টিৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক সদস্য আছিল, ইলিনয় ৰাজ্যৰ চিনেটৰ হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল (১৮৫৫–১৮৭০), আৰু তেওঁৰ বন্ধু [[আব্ৰাহাম লিংকন|আব্ৰাহাম লিংকনক]] চিনেটৰ (১৮৫৪) আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি পদৰ প্ৰাৰ্থিত্বত (১৮৬০) সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল। লিংকনৰ চিঠি এখন তেওঁ ডেস্কত ৰাখিছিল। তেওঁ সৰুতে সেইখন চাই বৰ ভাল পাইছিল। <ref>{{Cite book|title=Citizen|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|pages=30–32, 424n64}}</ref> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ আছিল এজন কৃষি ব্যৱসায়ী আৰু তেওঁৰ বৃহৎ কাঠ, গৰু আৰু কৃষি ব্যৱসায় আছিল; আটা আৰু কাঠৰ মিল আৰু এটা উলৰ কাৰখানাও আছিল। তেওঁ ইলিনয়ৰ দ্য ছেকেণ্ড নেচনেল বেংক অৱ ফ্ৰীপ'ৰ্টৰ সভাপতি আছিল। ১৮৬৮ চনত এডামছৰ আঠ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ পুনৰ বিবাহপাশত আবদ্ধ হয়। তেওঁৰ দ্বিতীয় পত্নী আছিল ফ্ৰীপ’ৰ্টৰ এজন মিলাৰৰ বিধৱা পত্নী আন্না হোষ্টেলাৰ হাল্ডেমেন। <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=24, 45}}</ref> শৈশৱ কালত এডামছে পৃথিৱীত কিবা এটা উপযোগী কাম কৰাৰ ডাঙৰ সপোন দেখিছিল। এগৰাকী আগ্ৰহী পাঠক হিচাপে [[চাৰ্লছ ডিকেন্স|চাৰ্লছ ডিকেন্সৰ]] কিতাপৰপৰাই তেওঁ দুখীয়াসকলৰ সেৱাৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী হৈ পৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ ৰচনা আৰু চিডাৰভিলৰ দুখীয়া লোকসকলৰ প্ৰতি নিজৰ মাকৰ দয়াৰপৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ এডামছে চিকিৎসক হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয় যাতে তেওঁ সেই লোকসকলৰ মাজত থাকিব পাৰে আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে কাম কৰিব পাৰে। এডামছৰ দেউতাকে তেওঁ‌ক উচ্চ শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰিবলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰিছিল যদিও সেয়া ঘৰৰ ওচৰতহে হোৱাটো বিচাৰিছিল। এডামছে সেইসময়ত মহিলাৰ বাবে নতুনকৈ খোলা কলেজ, মেছাচুচেটছৰ স্মিথ কলেজত পঢ়িবলৈ আগ্ৰহী আছিল, কিন্তু দেউতাকে তেওঁক ওচৰৰ ৰকফৰ্ড, ইলিনয়ৰ ৰকফৰ্ড ফিমেল চেমিনাৰী (বৰ্তমান ৰকফৰ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় )ত পঢ়িবলৈ বাধ্য কৰাইছিল। <ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000-2">{{Cite book|last=Kathryn Cullen-DuPont|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC&pg=PA374|year=2000|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-4100-8|pages=4–5}}</ref> ৰকফৰ্ডত তেওঁৰ অভিজ্ঞতাই তেওঁক কলেজীয়া শিক্ষা লাভ কৰা আমেৰিকাৰ মহিলাৰ প্ৰথম ঢৌত স্থান দিছিল। এই সৰ্বিক পৰিৱেশত তেওঁ পাৰদৰ্শিতা দেখুৱাইছিল। কলেজৰ বাতৰি কাকত সম্পাদনা কৰিছিল তথা 'বিতৰ্ক ক্লাব'ত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল আৰু ১৮৮১ চনৰ শ্ৰেণীটোৰ নেতৃত্ব দিছিল। এডামছে স্বীকাৰ কৰিছিল যে তেওঁ আৰু মাধ্যমিকৰ পিছৰ শিক্ষাত নিয়োজিত আনসকলে নতুন সুযোগ আৰু প্ৰত্যাহ্বানৰ সন্মুখীন হ’ব। এই কথা তেওঁ জুনিয়ৰ বৰ্ষত দিয়া ভাষণ ''ব্ৰেড গিভাৰ্ছ'' (১৮৮০)ত প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Shields|first1=P.|year=2017|title=Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration|place=New York|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-319-50646-3|page=viii}}</ref> তেওঁ নাৰীৰ উচ্চাকাংক্ষা আৰু আকাংক্ষাত যি পৰিৱৰ্তন হৈছে" সেয়া লক্ষ্য কৰিছিল{{Nbsp}}...।" <ref name="breadgivers">{{Cite book|last=Addams|first1=Jane|title=Jane Addams: A Centennial Reader|url=https://archive.org/details/janeaddamscenten0000adda|year=1960|publisher=The MacMillan Company|place=New York|editor=Johnson|chapter=Bread Givers|pages=[https://archive.org/details/janeaddamscenten0000adda/page/103 103]–104|oclc=1144806099}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://janeaddams.ramapo.edu/2019/05/cassandra-and-bread-givers-the-college-speeches-of-jane-addams/|title=Cassandra and Bread Givers – The College Speeches of Jane Addams|last=Shields|first=Patricia M.|last2=Hajo|first2=Cathy Moran|work=Jane Addams Papers Project|date=15 May 2019|accessdate=4 March 2024}}</ref> তেওঁলোকৰ বুদ্ধিমত্তা আৰু প্ৰত্যক্ষ শ্ৰমৰ বিকাশৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত নতুন কিবা এটাৰ উন্মেষ ঘটিছিল। তেওঁৰ প্ৰজন্মৰ শিক্ষিত মহিলাসকলে "পুৰুষ বা পুৰুষৰ দৰে নহ'বলৈ" ইচ্ছা কৰিছিল কিন্তু "স্বাধীন চিন্তা আৰু কাৰ্য্যৰ একে অধিকাৰ" দাবী কৰিছিল। <ref name="breadgivers" /> যুৱতীসকলে "নিজৰ সম্ভাৱনাৰ ওপৰত এক নতুন আস্থা, আৰু তেওঁৰ অবিৰত অগ্ৰগতিৰ ওপৰত এক সতেজ আশা" লাভ কৰিছিল <ref name="breadgivers" /> ২০ বছৰ বয়সত এডামছে পৰিৱৰ্তিত সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিৱেশক স্বীকাৰ কৰিছিল আৰু ভৱিষ্যতৰ বসবাস সম্পৰ্কীয় আন্দোলনৰ নেতৃত্ব দিবলৈ ৰকফৰ্ডত দক্ষতা অৰ্জনত গুৰুত্ব দিছিল ৰকফৰ্ডত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁৰ থমাছ কাৰ্লাইল, জন ৰাস্কিন, [[লীঅ' টলষ্টয়|লিঅ' টলষ্টয়]] ইত্যাদি ব্যক্তিসকলৰ গ্ৰন্থ অধ্যয়নে উল্লেখযোগ্য প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছিল। <ref>{{Citation|date=2022|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2022/entries/addams-jane/|access-date=2022-08-09}}</ref> <ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000-3">{{Cite book|last=Kathryn Cullen-DuPont|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC&pg=PA374|year=2000|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-4100-8|pages=4–5}}</ref> ১৮৮১ চনত ৰকফৰ্ডৰপৰা কলেজীয়া শিক্ষাৰ প্ৰমাণ-পত্ৰ আৰু ফাই বিটা কাপ্পাৰ সদস্যপদৰ সৈতে স্নাতক হোৱাৰ পিছতো তেওঁ স্মিথত পঢ়ি সঠিককৈ বি.এ ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰাৰ আশা কৰিছিল [[এপেণ্ডিছাইটিছ|। ]] সেই বৰ্ষৰ গ্ৰীষ্মকালত তেওঁৰ দেউতাকৰ আকস্মিক মৃত্যুৰ পাছত প্ৰতিজন সন্তানে উত্তৰাধিকাৰী সূত্ৰে লাভ কৰিছিল প্ৰায় ৫০,০০০ ডলাৰ ( ১.৬৭ ডলাৰৰ সমতুল্য ২০১৬ চনত )। সেই সময়ছোৱাত এডামছ্, তেওঁৰ ভগ্নী এলিছ, এলিছৰ স্বামী হেৰী আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ মাহীমাক আন্না হাল্ডেমেন এডামছ্ ফিলাডেলফিয়ালৈ গুচি যায় যাতে তিনিওগৰাকী সন্তানে চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰিব পাৰে। ইতিমধ্যে হেৰীয়ে চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ প্ৰশিক্ষণ লৈছিল আৰু পেনচিলভেনিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত অধিক অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল। জেন আৰু এলিছে পেনচিলভেনিয়াৰ উইমেন মেডিকেল কলেজত মেডিকেল স্কুলৰ প্ৰথম বৰ্ষ সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে, <ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000"/> কিন্তু জেনৰ স্বাস্থ্যজনিত সমস্যা, মেৰুদণ্ডৰ অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰ <ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000" /> আৰু [[মানসিক বিসংগতি|স্নায়ুৰ বিজুতিৰ]] বাবে তেওঁ ডিগ্ৰী সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে। সেইসময়ত আন্নাও অসুস্থ আছিল, সেয়েহে সমগ্ৰ পৰিয়ালটোৱে দুবছৰ থকাৰ পৰিকল্পনা বাতিল কৰি চিডাৰভিললৈ উভতি আহিল। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|year=2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam0000knig/page/77 77–79, 109, 119–120]|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-44699-9|url=https://archive.org/details/citizenjaneaddam0000knig/page/77}}</ref> তেওঁৰ ভায়েক হেৰীয়ে তাইৰ পিঠিৰ অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰ কৰে। অস্ত্ৰোপচাৰৰ পিছত ১৮৮৩ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত তেওঁ মাহীমাকৰ সৈতে দুবছৰীয়া ইউৰোপ ভ্ৰমণলৈ ৰাওনা হয়, তেওঁলোকৰ লগত যোগদান কৰা বন্ধু-বান্ধৱ আৰু পৰিয়ালৰ সৈতে কিছুসময় ভ্ৰমণ কৰে। সেইসময়তে এডামছেও সিদ্ধান্ত ল’লে যে দুখীয়াক সহায় কৰিবলৈ হ’লে তেওঁ ডাক্টৰ হ’ব নালাগে। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=124–25, 130–31, 138–39}}</ref> ১৮৮৭ চনৰ জুন মাহত ঘৰলৈ উভতি অহাৰ লগে লগে তেওঁ চেডাৰভিলত মাহীমাকৰ সৈতে থাকে আৰু শীতকালটো তেওঁৰ সৈতে বাল্টিমোৰত কটায়। তেতিয়াও অস্পষ্ট উচ্চাকাংক্ষাৰে ভৰি থকা এডামছে নিজৰ ভৱিষ্যতৰ বিষয়ে নিশ্চিত নহৈ আৰু এগৰাকী সুখী যুৱতীৰপৰা আশা কৰা গতানুগতিক জীৱন-যাপন কৰি নিজকে অসাৰ অনুভৱ কৰি হতাশাত ভুগিবলৈ ধৰিলে। সেইসময়তে তেওঁ ৰকফৰ্ড চেমিনাৰীৰ বন্ধু এলেন গেটছ ষ্টাৰলৈ দীঘলীয়া চিঠি লিখিছিল, বেছিভাগেই খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্ম আৰু কিতাপৰ বিষয়ে কিন্তু কেতিয়াবা তাইৰ হতাশাৰ বিষয়েও উল্লেখ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=139–142}}</ref> তেওঁৰ ভতিজা জেমছ ৱেবাৰ লিনে (১৮৭৬–১৯৩৯) চিকাগো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ইংৰাজী অধ্যাপনা কৰিছিল আৰু ইলিনয় সাধাৰণ পৰিষদত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। লিনে কিতাপ আৰু বাতৰি কাকতৰ লেখাও লিখিছিল। == বাসগৃহ == ইফালে এডামছ্ে পঢ়া কথাবোৰৰপৰাই প্ৰেৰণা যুগুত কৰিছিল। প্ৰাথমিক খ্ৰীষ্টান আৰু টলষ্টয়ৰ গ্ৰন্থ ''[[:en:wikisource:My Religion|মাই ৰিলিজিয়নৰ]]'' [[গণতন্ত্ৰ|প্ৰতি]] আকৃষ্ট হৈ তেওঁ ১৮৮৬ চনৰ গ্ৰীষ্মকালত চিডাৰভিল প্ৰেছবিটেৰিয়ান চাৰ্চত ''খ্ৰীষ্টান'' হিচাপে ব্যপ্তাইজ হয়। তথাপি নাৰী হিচাপে নিজৰ ভূমিকাক লৈ তেওঁ বিভ্ৰান্তি অনুভৱ কৰিছিল। জন ষ্টুয়াৰ্ট মিলৰ ''দ্য ছাবজেকচন অৱ উইমেনে'' তেওঁক পৰিয়ালৰ বাবে জীৱন উৎসৰ্গা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত এগৰাকী নাৰীৰ বিবাহ সম্পৰ্কত সামাজিক হেঁচাক লৈ প্ৰশ্ন উত্থাপন কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=142–145, 147–48}}</ref> ১৮৮৭ চনৰ গ্ৰীষ্মকালত এডামছ্ে এখন আলোচনীত [[:en:Settlement house|বসতি আশ্ৰম]] আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ নতুন ধাৰণাটোৰ বিষয়ে পঢ়িছিল। [[লণ্ডন|লণ্ডনৰ]] বিশ্বৰ প্ৰথমটো [[:en:Toynbee Hall|টয়নবি হল]] চাবলৈ তেওঁ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। ১৮৮৭ চনৰ ডিচেম্বৰৰপৰা ১৮৮৮ চনৰ গ্ৰীষ্মকাললৈকে তেওঁ আৰু [[:en:Ellen Gates Starr|এলেন গেটছ ষ্টাৰকে]] ধৰি কেইবাগৰাকীও বন্ধুৱে ইউৰোপ ভ্ৰমণ কৰিছিল। [[মাদ্ৰিদ|মাদ্ৰিদত]] [[:en:Spanish-style bullfighting|অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা ম'হৰ যুঁজখন]] চোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁ বিদেশী পৰম্পৰা হিচাপে দেখা কথাটোৰ প্ৰতি আকৰ্ষিত হৈ এডামছ্ে এই আকৰ্ষণ আৰু ঘোঁৰা আৰু ম'হৰ দুখ-কষ্টত ক্ষুব্ধ অনুভৱ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ বাবে নিন্দা কৰে। প্ৰথমতে এডামছ্ে আশ্ৰম আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ সপোনৰ বিষয়ে কাকো কোৱা নাছিল, কিন্তু নিজৰ সপোনৰ ওপৰত কাম নকৰাৰ বাবে তেওঁ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে দোষী অনুভৱ কৰিছিল। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=152–55, 157}}</ref> তেওঁৰ সপোনটোৰ বিষয়ে কাৰোবাক অৱগত কৰিলে তেওঁৰ সপোনটোৰ ওপৰত কাম কৰাত সহায়ক হ'ব পাৰে বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰি তেওঁ এলেন গেটছ ষ্টাৰক কয়। ষ্টাৰে এই ধাৰণাটো ভাল পাইছিল আৰু এডামছৰ সৈতে এখন বসতি আশ্ৰম আৰম্ভ কৰিবলৈ সন্মত হৈছিল। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=162–65}}</ref> এডামছ্ আৰু আন এজন বন্ধুৱে ষ্টাৰৰ অবিহনে লণ্ডনলৈ যাত্ৰা কৰিছিল, ষ্টাৰৰ সেইসময়ত ব্যস্ত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=166, 175–76}}</ref> টয়িনবী হল ভ্ৰমণ কৰি এডামছ্ মন্ত্ৰমুগ্ধ হৈ পৰিছিল। তেওঁ ইয়াক ব্যাখ্যা কৰি কই যে- "ই বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পুৰুষসকল বাস কৰা এক সম্প্ৰদায়, এয়া তেওঁলোকৰ বাবে এক বিনোদন ক্লাব আৰু সমাজ। এই ক্লাব দৰিদ্ৰ লোকসকলৰ মাজত আছে যদিও তেওঁলোক একে শৈলীতে থাকিব পাৰে য 'ত তেওঁলোকে নিজৰ বৃত্তত বাস কৰিবলৈ ভাল পাই। ই' পেছাদাৰীভাৱে ভাল কৰা 'ৰ দৰে ধাৰণাৰপৰা মুক্ত, সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ শ্ৰেণী আৰু পুথিভঁৰালত ভাল ফলাফলৰ বাবে অপ্ৰভাবিতভাৱে আন্তৰিক আৰু উৎপাদনশীল আৰু সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে আদৰ্শ যেন লাগে।" প্ৰাৰম্ভিক খ্ৰীষ্টান চক্ৰত থকাৰ দৰে সামাজিকভাৱে পাৰস্পৰিক লাভালাভৰ সৈতে মিহলি হোৱা শ্ৰেণীবোৰৰ বিষয়ে এডামছৰ সপোন নতুনপ্ৰকাৰৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠানত সন্নিৱিষ্ট হোৱা যেন লাগিছিল।<ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|page=169}}</ref> এডামছ্ে আৱিষ্কাৰ কৰা মতে বসতিঘৰটো আছিল এনে এক স্থান য’ৰ ভিতৰত অপ্ৰত্যাশিত সাংস্কৃতিক সংযোগ স্থাপন কৰিব পৰা যায় আৰু য’ত সংস্কৃতি, শ্ৰেণী আৰু শিক্ষাৰ সংকীৰ্ণ সীমা সম্প্ৰসাৰিত কৰিব পৰা যায়। ই সামূহিক কলা কেন্দ্ৰ আৰু সমাজ সেৱাৰ সুবিধা হিচাপে দুগুণ কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোকে আমেৰিকাৰ নাগৰিক সমাজৰ ভেটি স্থাপন কৰিছিল, যিটো নিৰপেক্ষ স্থান যাৰ ভিতৰত বিভিন্ন সম্প্ৰদায় আৰু মতাদৰ্শই ইজনে সিজনৰপৰা শিকিব পাৰিছিল আৰু সামূহিক কাৰ্য্যৰ বাবে উমৈহতীয়া ভিত্তি বিচাৰিব পাৰিছিল। বসতিঘৰৰ ভূমিকা আছিল "সংস্কৃতি আৰু 'বস্তুৰ বিষয়'ক একেলগে যোৱাৰ এক অন্তহীন প্ৰচেষ্টা।" অন্তহীন প্ৰচেষ্টাটো আছিল তেওঁৰ নিজৰ জীৱনৰ কাহিনী, আমেৰিকাৰ চহৰবোৰত অনুপ্ৰৱেশকাৰী সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ বৈচিত্ৰ্য আৰু সংঘাতৰ সৈতে আৰু সামাজিক সংস্কাৰৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তাৰ সৈতে পুনৰ সংযোগ স্থাপন কৰি নিজৰ সংস্কৃতিক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰাৰ সংগ্ৰাম। <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bilton|first1=Chris|title=Jane Addams Pragmatism and Cultural Policy|journal=International Journal of Cultural Policy|date=2006|volume=12|issue=2|pages=135–150<!--|access-date=2014-04-16-->|doi=10.1080/10286630600813644}}</ref> == হাল হাউচ == [[চিত্ৰ:Doorway_at_Hull_House.gif|thumb|হাল হাউচ ক’ৰ্টৰও দুৱাৰমুখ এটা। ''উৎস'' এডামছ্: ''টুৱেণ্টি ইয়াৰ্ছ এট হাল হাউচ'' (১৯১০), পৃষ্ঠা ১৪৯]] [[চিত্ৰ:Jane_Addams_in_a_car_(cropped).jpg|thumb|জেন এডামছ্, ১৯১৫ চন]] ১৮৮৯ চনত এডামছ্ আৰু তেওঁৰ কলেজীয়া বন্ধু আৰু প্ৰেমিক [[Ellen Gates Starr|এলেন গেটছ ষ্টাৰে]] <ref>{{Cite book|last=Morrow|first1=Deana F.|last2=Lori Messinger|title=Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice: Working with Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender People|url=https://archive.org/details/sexualorientatio00phdd|url-access=limited|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2005|place=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/sexualorientatio00phdd/page/n25 9]|isbn=0-231-12728-6}}</ref> চিকাগোৰ এখন আশ্ৰম [[:en:Hull House|হাল হাউছৰ]] সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। ১৮৫৬ চনত চাৰ্লছ হালে নিৰ্মাণ কৰা এই জৰাজীৰ্ণ অট্টালিকাটো মেৰামতি আৰু উন্নীতকৰণৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল। প্ৰথমতে এডামছ্ে সকলো মূলধনী খৰচ (বাৰাণ্ডাৰ চাল মেৰামতি কৰা, কোঠাবোৰ পুনৰ ৰং কৰা, আচ-বাব কিনা) আৰু পৰিচালনাৰ বেছিভাগ খৰচৰ ধন দিছিল। কিন্তু মানুহৰপৰা পোৱা উপহাৰে সদনক প্ৰথম বছৰৰপৰাই সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল আৰু এডামছ্ে তেওঁৰ অৱদানৰ অনুপাত হ্ৰাস কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল যদিও বাৰ্ষিক বাজেট দ্ৰুতগতিত বৃদ্ধি পাইছিল। [[:en:Helen Culver|হেলেন কালভাৰে]] তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম খুলশালীয়েক চাৰ্লছ হালৰ বাগিছা পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল আৰু অৱশেষত অৱদানকাৰীসকলক ঘৰটো ভাড়াবিহীনভাৱে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ অনুমতি দিছিল। অন্যান্য অৱদানকাৰী আছিল [[:en:Louise DeKoven Bowen|লুইজ ডিকোভেন ব'ৱেন]], [[:en:Mary Rozet Smith|মেৰী ৰ'জেট স্মিথ]], [[Mary Wilmarth|মেৰী উইলমাৰ্থ]], আদি। <ref>{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Victoria Bissell|title=Jane Addams|work=American National Biography online|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=February 2000|url=http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00004.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first1=Louise W.|title=Citizen|pages=195–96, 219, 224–25, 335, 378}}</ref> == শিক্ষাদান == [[চিত্ৰ:Jane_Addams,_1906.jpg|thumb|জেন এডামছ্, ১৯০৬, জৰ্জ ডি ফৰেষ্ট ব্ৰাছৰ (১৮৫৫–১৯৪১), নেচনেল প’ৰ্ট্ৰেইট গেলেৰী, স্মিথছ’নিয়ান ইনষ্টিটিউচন]] এডামছ্ে দেশজুৰি বিশেষকৈ কলেজ চৌহদত ৰাজহুৱা বক্তৃতাৰ প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ উপৰি তেওঁ [[:en:University of Chicago|চিকাগো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ]] সম্প্ৰসাৰণ বিভাগৰ জৰিয়তে কলেজৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰমো আগবঢ়ায়। তেওঁ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা প্ৰত্যক্ষভাৱে জড়িত হ'বলৈ দিয়া প্ৰস্তাৱ নাকচ কৰে, য'ত সমাজবিজ্ঞান বিভাগৰ অধ্যক্ষ [[:en:Albion Small|এলবিয়ন স্মলৰ]] পৰা স্নাতক অধ্যাপক পদৰ প্ৰস্তাৱো আহিছিল। একাডেমীৰ বাহিৰত নিজৰ স্বতন্ত্ৰ ভূমিকা বজাই ৰাখিবলৈ তেওঁ সেই পদ অস্বীকাৰ কৰিছিল। তেওঁৰ লক্ষ্য আছিল আনুষ্ঠানিক শৈক্ষিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানত নামভৰ্তি নকৰা প্ৰাপ্তবয়স্কসকলক পঢ়োৱা, কাৰণ তেওঁলোকক দৰিদ্ৰতাই কোঙা কৰা বা প্ৰমাণ-পত্ৰৰ অভাৱ। তদুপৰি তেওঁ বিচাৰিছিল যে তেওঁৰ ৰাজনৈতিক সক্ৰিয়তাৰ ওপৰত কোনো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ যাতে নাথাকে। এডামছ্ক চিকাগো ব'ৰ্ড অৱ এডুকেচনত কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিবলৈ নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়। <ref>{{Cite web|last=FitzPatrick|first=Lauren|title=Who is your Chicago public school named for?|url=https://graphics.suntimes.com/education/school-names/|work=Chicago Sun-Times|accessdate=19 March 2023|language=en|date=December 30, 2020}}</ref> ১৯০৫ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱা আমেৰিকান ছ'চিয়েলজিকেল ছ'চাইটিৰ চাৰ্টাৰ সদস্য আছিল এডামছ্। == সম্পৰ্ক == সাধাৰণতে এডামছ্ আন বহু মহিলাৰ ঘনিষ্ঠ আছিল আৰু হাল হাউছৰ কাৰ্যসূচীত বিভিন্ন শ্ৰেণীৰপৰা তেওঁলোকৰ জড়িত কৰোৱাত অতি কৌশলি আছিল। তথাপি গোটেই জীৱন এডামছৰ এই মহিলাসকলৰ মাজৰ কেইগৰাকীমান মহিলাৰ সৈতে ৰোমাণ্টিক সম্পৰ্ক আছিল, য'ত আছিল মেৰী ৰ'জেট স্মিথ আৰু এলেন ষ্টাৰ। তেওঁৰ সম্পৰ্কবোৰে তেওঁক আৱেগিক আৰু ৰোমাণ্টিকভাৱে সমৰ্থন কৰাৰ লগতে সামাজিক কাম-কাজ চলাবলৈ সময় আৰু শক্তি প্ৰদান কৰিছিল। মহিলাৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ একচেটিয়া ৰোমাণ্টিক সম্পৰ্কৰপৰা তেওঁক সমসাময়িক ভাষাত [[লেছবিয়ান|লেচবিয়ান]] বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হ’ব, যিটো সেই সময়ৰ মহিলা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় শান্তি আৰু স্বাধীনতা লীগৰ বহু আগশাৰীৰ ব্যক্তিৰ দৰেই। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Faderman|first1=Lilian|title=To Believe in Women: What Lesbians Have Done For America – A History|date=June 8, 2000|publisher=Mariner Books|page=155}}</ref> == ধৰ্ম আৰু ধৰ্মীয় উদ্দেশ্য == এডামছৰ ধৰ্মীয় বিশ্বাস তেওঁৰ বিস্তৃত পঠন আৰু জীৱন অভিজ্ঞতাৰদ্বাৰা গঢ় লৈ উঠিছিল। তেওঁ নিজৰ বসতি স্থাপনৰ কামক " সামাজিক খ্ৰীষ্টান " আন্দোলনৰ অংশ হিচাপে চাইছিল। এডামছ্ে টয়নবি হলৰ সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠাপক চেমুৱেল আৰু হেনৰিটা বাৰ্নেটৰপৰা সামাজিক খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্মৰ বিষয়ে জানিব পাৰে। বাৰ্নেট পৰিয়ালে আনক খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্মলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত অতি আগ্ৰহী আছিল যদিও তেওঁলোকৰ মতে খ্ৰীষ্টানসকলে বিশ্বৰ সৈতে অধিক জড়িত হ'ব লাগে আৰু ইংলেণ্ডৰ সামাজিক খ্ৰীষ্টান আন্দোলনৰ এজন নেতা ডব্লিউ এইচ ফ্ৰেমেণ্টলৰ ভাষাত "সকলো মানৱ সম্পৰ্ক খ্ৰীষ্টৰ আত্মত্যাগী প্ৰেমৰ আত্মাৰে ৰঞ্জিত হ'ব লাগে।" == ৰাজনীতি == [[চিত্ৰ:Jane_Addams_&_Mary_Rozet_Smith,_1923.jpg|left|thumb|জেন এডামছ্ [ বাঁওফালে] আৰু মেৰী ৰ'জেট স্মিথ, ১৯২৩ (জেন এডামছ্ সংগ্ৰহ/স্ৱাৰ্থম'ৰ কলেজ শান্তি সংগ্ৰহ। )]] === শান্তি আন্দোলন === [[চিত্ৰ:Jane_Addams_and_Miss_Elizabeth_Burke_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|254x254px|মহিলা ভোটাধিকাৰ বিধানসভালৈ প্ৰতিনিধি দল জেন এডামছ্ ( বাঁওফালে) আৰু চিকাগো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ মিছ এলিজাবেথ বাৰ্ক, ১৯১১]] ১৮৯৮ চনত এডামছ্ে [[ফিলিপাইন|ফিলিপাইনছক]] আমেৰিকাই অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰাৰ বিৰোধিতা কৰি এণ্টি-ইম্পেৰিয়েলিষ্ট লীগত যোগদান কৰে। ১৯১২ চনৰ আগষ্ট মাহত চিকাগোত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা [[Progressive National Convention, 1912|পাৰ্টি কনভেনচনৰ]] সময়ত তেওঁ থিয়ডৰ ৰুজভেল্টক ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি পদৰ বাবে মনোনীত তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ ১৯১২ চনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি নিৰ্বাচনৰ বাবে ৰুজভেল্টৰ প্ৰচাৰৰ বাবে ব্যাপকভাৱে ভাষণ আৰু প্ৰচাৰ চলায়। ১৯১৫ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত মহিলা শান্তি দলৰ সৈতে জড়িত হৈ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় অধ্যক্ষ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। <ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000">{{Cite book|last=Kathryn Cullen-DuPont|title=Encyclopedia of women's history in America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oIro7MtiFuYC&pg=PA374|year=2000|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-4100-8|pages=4–5}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKathryn_Cullen-DuPont2000">Kathryn Cullen-DuPont (2000). </cite></ref> <ref name="spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk">{{Cite web|url=https://spartacus-educational.com/USApeaceW.htm|title=Woman's Peace Party|publisher=Spartacus-Educational.com|accessdate=February 27, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090727103823/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USApeaceW.htm|archivedate=July 27, 2009}}</ref> [[ইউৰোপ|ইউৰোপীয়]] মহিলা শান্তি কৰ্মীসকলে ১৯১৫ চনৰ ২৮–৩০ এপ্ৰিলত হেগত আন্তৰ্জাতিক মহিলা কংগ্ৰেছৰ সভাপতিত্ব কৰিবলৈ এডামছ্ক আমন্ত্ৰণ জনায়, <ref name="Cullen-DuPont 2000" /> আৰু যুদ্ধৰ অন্ত পেলাবলৈ আয়োগৰ নেতৃত্ব দিবলৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত আছিল নিৰপেক্ষ দেশৰ দহজন নেতাৰ লগতে যুদ্ধত থকা নেতাক সাক্ষাৎ কৰি মধ্যস্থতাৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা। যুদ্ধৰ বিৰুদ্ধে এইটোৱেই আছিল প্ৰথম উল্লেখযোগ্য আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰচেষ্টা। সহ-প্ৰতিনিধি [[এমিলি গ্ৰীণ বালচ|এমিলি বালচ]] আৰু এলিছ হেমিল্টনৰ সৈতে এডামছ্ে এই উদ্যোগৰ অভিজ্ঞতাৰ নথিভুক্ত কৰিছিল, যিটো পিছলৈ কিতাপ হিচাপে প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল- ''উইমেন এট দ্য হেগ'' ( ইলিনয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ) নামেৰে।   == মৃত্যু == [[চিত্ৰ:Cedarville_Il_Jane_Addams_Grave2.jpg|thumb|160x160px|ইলিনয়ৰ চিডাৰভিলত জেন এডামছৰ সমাধিস্থল। ]] যৌৱনৰ কালছোৱাকে আদি কৰি গোটেই জীৱনত এডামছ্ প্ৰায়ে স্বাস্থ্যজনিত সমস্যাৰ বাবে অসুবিধা পাইছিল যদিও ১৯২৬ চনত [[মাইঅ'কাৰ্দিয়েল ইনফাৰ্কচন|হাৰ্ট এটেকত]] আক্ৰান্ত হোৱাৰ পিছত তেওঁৰ স্বাস্থ্যৰ অৱনতি অধিক গুৰুতৰ হ'বলৈ ধৰে। <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Jane Addams|url=https://www.biography.com/activist/jane-addams|accessdate=2022-04-18|work=Biography|date=April 16, 2021|language=en-us}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.biography.com/activist/jane-addams "Jane Addams"]. </cite></ref> ১৯৩৫ চনৰ ২১ মে’ত ৭৪ বছৰ বয়সত চিকাগোত তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু তেওঁৰ গৃহ চহৰ ইলিনয়ৰ চিডাৰভিলত তেওঁক সমাধিস্থ কৰা হয়। <ref name=":">{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Jane Addams|url=https://www.biography.com/activist/jane-addams|accessdate=2022-04-18|work=Biography|date=April 16, 2021|language=en-us}}</ref> == প্ৰাপ্তবয়স্ক জীৱন আৰু উত্তৰাধিকাৰ == [[চিত্ৰ:Jane_Addams_1940_Issue-10c.jpg|thumb|223x223px|'ফেমাছ আমেৰিকানছ ছিৰিজ', ১৯৪০ চনৰ ডাক ইছ্যুত এডামছ্ক সন্মান জনোৱা হয়]] [[চিত্ৰ:Jane_Addams_quote_on_the_wall_(American_Adventure_in_the_World_Showcase,_Epcot_2007).jpg|right|thumb|ৱাল্ট ডিজনী ৱৰ্ল্ডৰ এপকটৰ ৱৰ্ল্ড শ্ব'কেছ পেভিলিয়নত দ্য আমেৰিকান এডভেঞ্চাৰ (এপকট) ত জেন এডামছৰ এটা দেৱালত মাউণ্ট কৰা উক্তি]] [[চিত্ৰ:Jane_Addams_profile.jpg|left|thumb|১৯১৪ চনত এডামছ্]] জেন এডামছ্ক ইলিনয়ৰ চিডাৰভিলৰ চিডাৰভিল কবৰস্থানত সমাধিস্থ কৰা হৈছে। হাল হাউচ আৰু শান্তি আন্দোলনক এডামছৰ উত্তৰাধিকাৰৰ মূল স্তম্ভ হিচাপে বহুলভাৱে স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হৈছে। তেখেতৰ জীৱনটোৱে ব্যক্তিৰ বিকাশৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব আৰোপ কৰিছিল যদিও তেওঁৰ ধাৰণাসমূহে [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ|আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ]] সামাজিক, ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু অৰ্থনৈতিক সংস্কাৰত প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে, লগতে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়তো ইয়াৰ প্ৰভাৱ দেখা যায়। এডামছ্ আৰু ষ্টাৰে হাল হাউছৰ সৃষ্টি কৰি সম্প্ৰদায়, অনুপ্ৰৱেশকাৰী বাসিন্দা লগতে অন্যান্য সামাজিক কামত প্ৰভাৱ পেলায়। হাল হাউছৰ এজন আৱাসী শিল্পী উইলাৰ্ড মটলীয়ে এডামছৰ প্ৰতীকী পাৰস্পৰিক ক্ৰিয়াবাদৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় তত্ত্বৰপৰা উলিয়াই আনি চুবুৰিটো আৰু ইয়াৰ লোকসকলক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি ১৯৪৮ চনৰ তেওঁৰ বেষ্ট চেলাৰ ''নক অন এনি ড'ৰ'' লিখিছিল। <ref>{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first1=David D.|url=https://ssml.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Midamerica_XIV_1987.pdf|title=MIDAMERICA XIV: The Yearbook of the Society for the Study of Midwestern Literature|year=1987|publication-date=1987|pages=62–64|language=en|access-date=2026-03-17|archivedate=2024-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202195128/https://ssml.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Midamerica_XIV_1987.pdf}}</ref> পিছলৈ ১৯৪৯ চনত তেওঁৰ উপন্যাসখন আদালতৰ কক্ষৰ এখন সুপৰিচিত ছবিত পৰিণত হয়। এই কিতাপখন আৰু ছবিখনে এজন বাসিন্দাই আশ্ৰমৰ ভিতৰত কেনেকৈ দৈনন্দিন জীৱন কটায় আৰু জেন এডামছৰ সৈতে তেওঁৰ সম্পৰ্কৰ প্ৰতি দৃষ্টি আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। == জেন এডামছৰ ৰচনা == * [[iarchive:cu31924032570180/page/n7/mode/2up|''Democracy and Social Ethics'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯০২। * [[iarchive:neweridealspeac03addagoog/page/n10/mode/2up|''Newer Ideals of Peace'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯০৭। * [[iarchive:spirityouthandc00addagoog/page/n4/mode/2up|''The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯০৯। * [[iarchive:twentyyearsathul0000hane|''Twenty Years at Hull House. With autobiographical notes'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯১০। * [[iarchive:jstor-1011876/page/n1/mode/2up|''Symposium: child labor on the stage'']] . নেচনেল চাইল্ড লেবাৰ কমিটি, নিউয়ৰ্ক [১৯১১?]। * [[iarchive:anewconsciencea00addagoog/page/n6/mode/2up|''A New Conscience And An Ancient Evil,'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯১২। * [[iarchive:longroadwomansm02addagoog/page/n6/mode/2up|''The Long Road of Woman's Memory'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯১৬। * [[iarchive:peaceandbreadin00addagoog/page/n5/mode/2up|''Peace and Bread in Time of War'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯২২। * [[iarchive:secondtwentyyear0000adda|''The Second Twenty Years at Hull House'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯৩০। * [[iarchive:excellentbecomes006105mbp/page/n5/mode/2up|''দ্য এক্সেলেণ্ট বিকমছ দ্য পাৰ্মানেণ্ট'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯৩২। * [[iarchive:myfriendjulialat0000adda|''My Friend Julia Lathrop'']] . নিউয়ৰ্ক, দ্য মেকমিলান কোম্পানী, ১৯৩৫। (সম্পা. ২০০৪, আৰ্বানা, ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ ইলিনয় প্ৰেছ) === সহযোগিতামূলক কাম === * ''হেগত মহিলা: মহিলাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিক কংগ্ৰেছ'', এলিছ হেমিল্টন আৰু [[এমিলি গ্ৰীণ বালচ|এমিলি গ্ৰীণ বালচৰ]] সৈতে, মেকমিলান কোম্পানী ১৯১৫। [https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/women-working-1800-1930/catalog/45-990013349750203941 হেগত মহিলা; আন্তৰ্জাতিক মহিলা কংগ্ৰেছ আৰু ইয়াৰ ফলাফল - মহিলা কাম কৰা, ১৮০০–১৯৩০ - কিউৰিঅ'চিটি ডিজিটেল সংগ্ৰহ] === ব্যক্তিগত কাগজ-পত্ৰ === * [https://digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu/ ''জেন এডামছ্ ডিজিটেল সংস্কৰণ''] জেন এডামছ্ পেপাৰছ প্ৰজেক্ট, নিউ জাৰ্চিৰ ৰামাপো কলেজ। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist}} == অধিক পঢ়ক == === আৰ্কাইভৰ সম্পদ === * [http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG001-025/DG001JAddams/index.html জেন এডামছ্ সংগ্ৰহ, ১৮৩৮-তাৰিখ (বুল্ক ১৮৮০–১৯৩৫)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420154603/https://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG001-025/DG001JAddams/index.html|date=April 20, 2016}} ( {{Convert|130|ft|m|linear}} ) স্বৰ্থম’ৰ কলেজ শান্তি সংগ্ৰহত ৰখা হৈছে। * [https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/480 জেন এডামছ্ পেপাৰছ, ১৯০৪–১৯৬০ (বুল্ক ১৯০৪–১৯৩৬)] ( {{Convert|1.5|ft|m|linear}} ) স্মিথ কলেজ ছফিয়া স্মিথ সংগ্ৰহত ৰখা হৈছে। ২০১৫ চনত কেথী মৰাণ হাজো, আৰু অন্যান্য [https://janeaddams.ramapo.edu হোমৰ] নেতৃত্বত ৰামাপো কলেজত দ্য জেন এডামছ্ পেপাৰছ প্ৰজেক্ট পুনৰ আৰম্ভ হয় * ইতিহাস আৰু বৰ্তমানৰ আৰ্কাইভৰ প্ৰচেষ্টাৰ বিষয়ে অধিক তথ্যৰ বাবে চাওক মৰাণ হাজো, কেথী, (২০২৩) 'মেকিং দ্য জেন এডামছ্ পেপাৰছ এক্সেচিবল টু নিউ অডিয়েন্স', পেট্ৰিচিয়া এম শ্বিল্ডছ, মৰিছ হেমিংটন, আৰু জোচেফ ছ'টাৰ্ছ (সম্পাদক), ''দ্য অক্সফৰ্ড হেণ্ডবুক অৱ জেন এডামছ্'' অক্সফৰ্ড একাডেমিক,। [[ISBN (identifier)|আই এছ বি এন]]&nbsp; [[Special:BookSources/9780197544532|<bdi>৯৭৮০১৯৭৫৪৪৫৩২</bdi>]] * জেন এডামছ্ চিঠি-পত্ৰ, ১৮৭২–১৯৩৫ (অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত) (২৩টা ৰিল) হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি ৰেডক্লিফ ইনষ্টিটিউট অৱ এডভান্সড ষ্টাডিত ৰখা হৈছে। === জীৱনী === * {{Cite book|title=Jane Addams: A Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/janeaddamsbiogra0000bers|last=Berson|first1=Robin Kadison|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=2004|isbn=0-313-32354-2|place=Westport, Connecticut|type=140 pp}} * {{Cite book|title=The Education of Jane Addams|last=Brown|first1=Victoria Bissell|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8122-3747-4|edition=|series=Politics and Culture in Modern America|place=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|type=432 pp|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/educationofjanea00brow}} * Davis, Allen F. ''American Heroine: The Life and Legend of Jane Addams'' (1973), 339pp, solid scholarship but tends toward debunking * Diliberto, Gioia. ''A Useful Woman: The Early Life of Jane Addams.'' (1999). 318 pp. * Elshtain, Jean Bethke. ''Jane Addams and the Dream of American Democracy: A Life'' Basic Books: 2002 [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100438832 online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211122639/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=100438832|date=February 11, 2011}}, by a leading conservative scholar * Haldeman-Julius, Marcet. ''Jane Addams As I Knew Her''. Girard, Kansas: Haldeman-Julius Publications, ca. 1936. Marcet was Addams's niece. * Knight, Louise W. ''Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy.'' (2005). 582 pp.; biography to 1899 [https://www.questia.com/read/117784352/citizen-jane-addams-and-the-struggle-for-democracy online edition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327183921/https://www.questia.com/read/117784352/citizen-jane-addams-and-the-struggle-for-democracy|date=March 27, 2019}} * Knight, Louise W. ''Jane Addams: Spirit in Action.'' (2010). 334 pp., complete biography aimed at a broader audience. * Joslin, Katherine. ''Jane Addams: A Writer's Life.'' (2004). 306 pp. * Linn, James W. ''Jane Addams: A Biography.'' (1935) 457 pp, by her admiring nephew === বিশেষ অধ্যয়ন === * Agnew, Elizabeth N. "A Will to Peace: Jane Addams, World War I, and 'Pacifism in Practice{{'"}}. ''Peace & Change'' (2017) 42#1 pp 5–31 {{Doi|10.1111/pech.12216}}| * Alonso, Harriet Hyman. "Nobel Peace Laureates, Jane Addams And Emily Greene Balch: Two Women of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom". ''Journal of Women's History'' 1995 7(2): 6–26. * Beauboeuf-Lafontant, Tamara. "Becoming Jane Addams: Feminist Developmental Theory and 'The College Woman{{'"}}. ''Girlhood Studies'' (2014) 7#2 pp: 61–78. * Beer, Janet and Joslin, Katherine. "Diseases of the Body Politic: White Slavery in Jane Addams' "A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil" and "Selected Short Stories" by Charlotte Perkins Gilman". ''Journal of American Studies'' 1999 33(1): 1–18.  [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp; [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8758 0021-8758] * Bowen, Louise de Koven. ''Growing up with Pity''. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1926. * Brinkmann, Tobias. ''Sundays at Sinai: A Jewish Congregation in Chicago'' (2012), on Addams relationship with Chicago Jews. * Bryan, Mary Linn McCree, and Allen F. Davis. ''One Hundred Years at Hull-House'' (1990), a history of the programs there * Burnier, D. (2022) The long road of administrative memory: Jane Addams, Frances Perkins, and care-centered administration. In Shields, P. and Elias, N. eds. ''The Handbook of Gender and Public Administration''. pp.&nbsp; 53–67. Edward Elgar. [https://www.elgaronline.com/display/edcoll/9781789904727/9781789904727.00012.xml] * Craraft, James. ''Two Shining Souls: Jane Addams, Leo Tolstoy, and the Quest for Global Peace'' (Lanham: Lexington, 2012).179 pp. * Carson, Minal. ''Settlement Folk: Social Thought and the American Settlement Movement, 1885–1930'' (1990) * Chansky, Dorothy. "Re-visioning Reform", ''American Quarterly'' vol 55 #3 (2003) 515–523 online at Project MUSE * Curti, Merle. "Jane Addams on Human Nature", ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' Vol. 22, No. 2 (Apr. 1961), pp.&nbsp; 240–253 [https://www.jstor.org/pss/2707835 in JSTOR] * Danielson, Caroline Page. "Citizen Acts: Citizenship and Political Agency in the Works of Jane Addams, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Emma Goldman". PhD dissertation U. of Michigan 1996. 331 pp. DAI 1996 57(6): 2651-A. DA9635502 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations &amp; amp; Theses * Dawley, Alan. ''Changing the World: American Progressives in War and Revolution'' (2003) * Deegan, Mary Jo. "Jane Addams, the Hull-House School of Sociology, and Social Justice, 1892 to 1935". ''Humanity &amp; amp; Society'' (2013) 37#3 pp: 248–258. * Deegan, Mary Jo. ''Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892–1918''. (Transaction, Inc., 1988). {{ISBN|0887388302}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp; [[Special:BookSources/0887388302|<bdi>0887388302</bdi>]] * Donovan, Brian. ''White Slave Crusades: Race, Gender, and Anti-Vice Activism, 1887–1917.'' (U of Illinois Press. 2006). 186 pp. * Duffy, William. "Remembering is the Remedy: Jane Addams's Response to Conflicted Discourse". ''Rhetoric Review'' (2011) 30#2 pp: 135–152. * Fischer, Marilyn; Nackenoff, Carol; Chmielewski, Wendy eds. ''Jane Addams and the Practice of Democracy'' (2009), 230 pp; 11 specialized essays by scholars. {{ISBN|978-0252076121}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp; [[Special:BookSources/978-0252076121|<bdi>978-0252076121</bdi>]] * Foust, Mathew A. "Perplexities of Filiality: Confucius and Jane Addams on the Private/Public Distinction", ''Asian Philosophy'' (2008) 18(2): 149–166. * Grimm, Robert Thornton Jr. "Forerunners for a Domestic Revolution: Jane Addams, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and the Ideology Of Childhood, 1900–1916". ''Illinois Historical Journal'' 1997 90(1): 47–64.  [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp; [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0748-8149 0748-8149] * Gustafson, Melanie. ''Women and the Republican Party, 1854–1924'' (University of Illinois Press, 2001). * Hamington, Maurice. "Jane Addams", ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (2007) [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/addams-jane/ online edition], Addams as philosopher * Hamington, Maurice. ''Embodied Care Jane Addams, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Feminist Ethics'' (2004) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0252029283 excerpt and online search at amazon.com] * Hamington, Maurice. "Jane Addams and a Politics of Embodied Care", ''The Journal of Speculative Philosophy'' v 15 #2 2001, pp.&nbsp; 105–121 online at Project MUSE * Hamington, Maurice. "Public Pragmatism: Jane Addams and Ida B. Wells on Lynching", ''The Journal of Speculative Philosophy'' v. 19#2 (2005), pp.&nbsp; 167–174 online at Project MUSE * Hansen, Jonathan M. "Fighting Words: The Transnational Patriotism of Eugene V. Debs, Jane Addams, and W. E. B. Du Bois". PhD dissertation Boston U. 1997. 286 pp. DAI 1997 57(10): 4511-A. DA9710148 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations &amp; amp; Theses * Henderson, Karla A. "Jane Addams: Leisure Services Pioneer". ''Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance'', (1982) 53#2 pp.&nbsp; 42–45 * Imai, Konomi, and 今井小の実. "The Women's Movement and the Settlement Movement in Early Twentieth-Century Japan: The Impact of Hull House and Jane Addams on Hiratsuka Raichō". ''Kwansei Gakuin University humanities review'' 17 (2013): 85–109. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150113185429/http://kgur.kwansei.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10236/10536/1/17-6.PDF online] * Jackson, Shannon. ''Lines of Activity: Performance, Historiography, Hull-House Domesticity'' (2000). 384 pp. * Joslin, Katherine. ''Jane Addams: A writer's Life'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0252076346/ excerpt and text search] * Krysiak, Barbara H. "Full-Service Community Schools: Jane Addams Meets John Dewey". ''School Business Affairs'', v67 n8 pp.&nbsp; Aug 4–8, 2001.  [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp; [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-651X 0036-651X] * Knight, Louise W. "An Authoritative Voice: Jane Addams and the Oratorical Tradition". ''Gender & History'' 1998 10(2): 217–251.  [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp; [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0953-5233 0953-5233] Fulltext: Ebsco * Knight, Louise W. "Biography's Window on Social Change: Benevolence and Justice in Jane Addams's 'A Modern Lear.'" ''Journal of Women's History'' 1997 9(1): 111–138.  [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp; [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1042-7961 1042-7961] Fulltext: Ebsco * Knight, Louise W., (2023)'A Biographer's Angle on Jane Addams's Feminism', in P. Shields, M. Hamington, and J. Soeters (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams. pp.&nbsp; 279–304. Oxford Academic, [[doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.013.2|A Biographer’s Angle on Jane Addams’s Feminism]] * Lissak, R. S. ''Pluralism and Progressives: Hull-House and the New Immigrants.'' (1989) * Matassarin, Kat. "Jane Addams of Hull-House: Creative Drama at the Turn of the Century". ''Children's Theatre Review'', Oct 1983. v32 n4 pp 13–15 * Morton, Keith. "Addams, Day, and Dewey: The Emergence of Community Service in American Culture". ''Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning'', Fall 1997 v4 pp 137–49 * Oakes, Jeannie. ''Becoming Good American Schools: The Struggle for Civic Virtue in Education Reform.'' (2000). {{ISBN|0-7879-4023-2}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp; [[Special:BookSources/0-7879-4023-2|<bdi>0-7879-4023-2</bdi>]] * Ostman, Heather Elaine. "Social Activist Visions: Constructions of Womanhood in the Autobiographies of Jane Addams and Emma Goldman". PhD dissertation Fordham U. 2004. 240 pp. DAI 2004 65(3): 934-A. DA3125022 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations &amp; amp; Theses * Packard, Sandra. "Jane Addams: Contributions and Solutions for Art Education". ''Art Education'', 29, 1, 9–12, Jan 76. * Phillips, J. O. C. "The Education of Jane Addams". ''History of Education Quarterly'', 14, 1, 49–68, Spr 74. * Philpott, Thomas. L. ''The Slum and the Ghetto: Immigrants, Blacks, and Reformers in Chicago, 1880–1930.'' (1991). * Platt, Harold. "Jane Addams and the Ward Boss Revisited: Class, Politics, and Public Health in Chicago, 1890–1930". ''Environmental History'' 2000 5(2): 194–222.  [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp; [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1084-5453 1084-5453] * Polacheck, Hilda Satt. ''I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl''. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989. * Sargent, David Kevin. "Jane Addams's Rhetorical Ethic". PhD dissertation Northwestern U. 1996. 275 pp. DAI 1997 57(11): 4597-A. DA9714673 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations &amp; amp; Theses * Scherman, Rosemarie Redlich. "Jane Addams and the Chicago Social Justice Movement, 1889–1912". PhD dissertation City U. of New York 1999. 337 pp. DAI 1999 60(4): 1297-A. DA9924849 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations &amp; amp; Theses * Schott, Linda. "Jane Addams and William James on Alternatives to War". ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 1993 54(2): 241–254. [https://www.jstor.org/pss/2709981 in JSTOR] * Seigfried, Charlene H. "A Pragmatist Response to Death: Jane Addams on the Permanent and the Transient". ''Journal of Speculative Philosophy'' (2007) 21(2): 133–141. * Shields, Patricia M. 2006. "Democracy and the Social Feminist Ethics of Jane Addams: A Vision for Public Administration". ''Administrative Theory & Praxis'', vol. 28, no. 3, September, pp.&nbsp; 418–443. [https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/3959 Democracy and the Social Feminist Ethics of Jane Addams: A Vision for Public Administration] * Shields, Patricia M. 2011. "Jane Addams' Theory of Democracy and Social Ethics: Incorporating a Feminist Perspective". In ''Women in Public Administration: Theory and Practice.'' Edited by Maria D'Agostiono and Helisse Levine, Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlet. * Shields, Patricia M. 2017. "Jane Addams: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration". New York: Springer.{{ISBN|978-3-319-50646-3}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp; [[Special:BookSources/978-3-319-50646-3|<bdi>978-3-319-50646-3</bdi>]] * Shields, Patricia M. and Soeters, Joseph. 2017. Peaceweaving: Jane Addams, Positive Peace and Public Administration. The ''American Review of Public Administration'' Vol. 47, no 3 pp.&nbsp; 323–399. doi/10.1177/0275074015589629. * Shields, Patricia M., Maurice Hamington, and Joseph Soeters (eds). (2023) ''The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams'' Oxford academic. [[doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197544518.001.0001|The Oxford Handbook of Jane Addams]] * Sklar, Kathryn Kish. "Hull House in the 1890s: A Community of Women Reformers", ''Signs,'' Vol. 10, No. 4, (Summer, 1985), pp.&nbsp; 658–677 [https://www.jstor.org/pss/3174308 in JSTOR] * Sklar, Kathryn Kish. "'Some of us who deal with the Social Fabric': Jane Addams Blends Peace and Social Justice, 1907–1919". ''Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era'' 2003 2(1): 80–96.  [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp; [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-7814 1537-7814] * Soeters, Joseph. 2018. "Jane Addams: From Peace Activism to Pragmatic Peacekeeper" Chapter 5 in ''Sociology and Military Studies: Classical and Current Foundations'' New York: Routledge {{ISBN|978-1-138-73952-9}} * Stebner, E. J. ''The Women of Hull-House: A Study in Spirituality, Vocation, and Friendship.'' (1997). * Stiehm, Judith Hicks. ''Champions for Peace: Women Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.'' Rowman and Littlefield, 2006. * Sullivan, M. "Social work's legacy of peace: Echoes from the early 20th century". ''Social Work'', Sep. 93; 38(5): 513–520. [http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=1994187242&site=ehost-live EBSCO] * Toft, Jessica and Abrams, Laura S. "Progressive Maternalists and the Citizenship Status of Low-Income Single Mothers". ''Social Service Review'' 2004 78(3): 447–465.  [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp; [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7961 0037-7961] Fulltext: Ebsco === প্ৰাথমিক উৎস === * এডামছ্, জেন। "এ বিলেটেড ইণ্ডাষ্ট্ৰী" ''দ্য আমেৰিকান জাৰ্নেল অৱ ছ'চিয়েলজি'' ভল. ১, নং ৫ (মাৰ্চ ১৮৯৬), পৃষ্ঠা ৩৬। &nbsp; [https://www.jstor.org/pss/2761904 জে এছ টি অ’ আৰত] ৫৩৬–৫৫০ * এডামছ্, জেন। [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:777422 অনলাইনত] ''এটা সামাজিক বন্দোবস্তৰ বিষয়ভিত্তিক মূল্য'' (১৮৯২)। * এডামছ্, জেন, সম্পাদক। ''<nowiki/>'হাল-হাউছ মেপছ এণ্ড পেপাৰছ': এ প্ৰেজেণ্টেচন অৱ নেচনেলিটিজ এণ্ড ৱেজ ইন এ কনজ্যেষ্ঠেড ডিষ্ট্ৰিক্ট অৱ চিকাগো, টুগেদাৰ উইথ কমেণ্টছ এণ্ড এছেছ অন প্ৰব্লেমছ গ্ৰয়িং আউট অৱ দ্য ছ'চিয়েল কণ্ডিচনছ'' (১৮৯৬; পুনৰ্মুদ্ৰণ ২০০৭) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0252031342/ ৰ উদ্ধৃতি আৰু amazon.com] [[iarchive:hullhousemapsan00unkngoog|সম্পূৰ্ণ পাঠৰ]] পৰা অনলাইন অনুসন্ধান * কেলি, ফ্লৰেন্স। "হাল হাউচ" ''দ্য নিউ ইংলেণ্ড মেগাজিন। '' খণ্ড ২৪, সংখ্যা ৫। (জুলাই ১৮৯৮) পৃষ্ঠা ৩৬। &nbsp; ৫৫০–৫৬৬ [https://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=AFJ3026-0024&byte=11613062 অনলাইনত এম অ’ এত] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * এডামছ্, জেন। "পৌৰ দুৰ্নীতিত নৈতিক জীৱন", ''আন্তৰ্জাতিক নৈতিকতা জাৰ্নেল'' ভল. ৮, নং ৩ (এপ্ৰিল ১৮৯৮), পৃষ্ঠা ৩৬। &nbsp; [https://www.jstor.org/pss/2375784 জে এছ টি অ’ আৰত] ২৭৩–২৯১ * এডামছ্, জেন। "ট্ৰেডছ ইউনিয়ন আৰু পাব্লিক ডিউটি", ''দ্য আমেৰিকান জাৰ্নেল অৱ ছ'চিয়েলজি'' ভল. ৪, নং ৪ (জানুৱাৰী ১৮৯৯), পৃষ্ঠা ৩৬। &nbsp; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2761726 জে এছ টি অ’ আৰত] ৪৪৮–৪৬২ * এডামছ্, জেন। "চেৰিটিৰ সূক্ষ্ম সমস্যা", ''দ্য আটলাণ্টিক মান্থলী। '' খণ্ড ৮৩, সংখ্যা ৪৯৬ (ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৮৯৯) পৃষ্ঠা ৩৬। &nbsp; ১৬৩–১৭৯ [https://web.archive.org/web/20060502055709/http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=ABK2934-0083&byte=297435804 অনলাইনত এম অ’ এত] * এডামছ্, জেন। ''গণতন্ত্ৰ আৰু সামাজিক নৈতিকতা'' (১৯০২) [[iarchive:democracyandsoc04addagoog|অনলাইনত ইণ্টাৰনেট আৰ্কাইভত]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200517131345/https://books.google.com/books?vid=HARVARD:32044028269942&printsec=titlepage&hl=en অনলাইন হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰীত] ** ১৯০২ চনৰপৰা ২০০৬ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইংৰাজী ভাষাত প্ৰকাশিত ২৩টা সংস্কৰণ আৰু বিশ্বৰ ১৫৭০টা পুথিভঁৰালৰ হাতত আছে * এডামছ্, জেন। ''শিশু শ্ৰমিক'' ১৯০৫ [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:796212 হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰী অনলাইন] * এডামছ্, জেন। "পৌৰ প্ৰশাসনৰ সমস্যা", ''দ্য আমেৰিকান জাৰ্নেল অৱ ছ'চিয়েলজি'' ভল. ১০, নং ৪ (জানুৱাৰী ১৯০৫), পৃষ্ঠা ৩৬। &nbsp; ৪২৫–৪৪৪ [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2762268 জেএছটিঅ’ৰ] * এডামছ্, জেন। "শিশু শ্ৰমিক আইন – ঔদ্যোগিক দক্ষতাৰ বাবে এটা প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা", ''এনালছ অৱ দ্য আমেৰিকান একাডেমী অৱ পলিটিকেল এণ্ড ছ'চিয়েল চাইন্স'' ভল. ২৫, শিশু শ্ৰমিক (মে’ ১৯০৫), পৃষ্ঠা ৩৬। &nbsp; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1010935 জে এছ টি অ’ আৰত] ১২৮–১৩৬ * এডামছ্, জেন। ''ইলিনয় শিশু শ্ৰম আইনখনৰ পৰিচালনা,'' (১৯০৬) [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:460093 হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰীত অনলাইন] * এডামছ্, জেন। [[iarchive:neweridealspeac03addagoog|ইণ্টাৰনেট আৰ্কাইভত অনলাইনত]] ''নিউয়াৰ আইডিয়ালছ অৱ পিছ'' (১৯০৬)। ** ১৯০৬ চনৰপৰা ২০০৭ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইংৰাজী ভাষাত প্ৰকাশিত ১৩টা সংস্কৰণ আৰু বিশ্বৰ ৬৮৬টা পুথিভঁৰালৰ হাতত আছে * এডামছ্, জেন। ''শিশুৰ বাবে ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সুৰক্ষা'' ১৯০৭ [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:460100 হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰীত অনলাইন] * এডামছ্, জেন। ''দ্য স্পিৰিট অৱ ইউথ এণ্ড দ্য চিটি ষ্ট্ৰীটছ'' (১৯০৯) [https://books.google.com/books?id=fMMrAAAAIAAJ অনলাইনত books.google.com], [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:761798 অনলাইনত হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰীত] ** ১৯০৯ চনৰপৰা ১৯৭২ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইংৰাজী ভাষাত প্ৰকাশিত ১৬টা সংস্কৰণ আৰু বিশ্বজুৰি ১০৯৪টা পুথিভঁৰালৰ হাতত আছে * এডামছ্, জেন। ''হাল-হাউছত বিছ বছৰ: আত্মজীৱনীমূলক টোকাসমূহৰ সৈতে,'' ১৯১০ অনলাইনত [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:615636 হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰীত অনলাইনত] [http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/addams/hullhouse/hullhouse.html এ চেলিব্ৰেচন অৱ উইমেন ৰাইটাৰ্ছ] ** ১৯১০ চনৰপৰা ২০০৭ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইংৰাজী ভাষাত প্ৰকাশিত ৭২টা সংস্কৰণ আৰু বিশ্বৰ ৩,২৫০টা পুথিভঁৰালৰ হাতত আছে * এডামছ্, জেন। [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:436848 হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰীত অনলাইনত] ''এটা নতুন বিবেক আৰু এটা প্ৰাচীন দুষ্টতা'' (১৯১২)। ** ১৯১২ চনৰপৰা ২০০৩ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইংৰাজী ভাষাত প্ৰকাশিত ১৪টা সংস্কৰণ আৰু বিশ্বৰ ৯১২টা পুথিভঁৰালৰ হাতত আছে * এডামছ্, জেন; বালচ, এমিলি গ্ৰীণ; আৰু হেমিল্টন, এলিছ। ''হেগত মহিলা: মহিলাৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিক কংগ্ৰেছ আৰু ইয়াৰ ফলাফল। '' (১৯১৫) হেৰিট হাইমেন এল’নছ’ৰদ্বাৰা পুনৰ্মুদ্ৰিত, (২০০৩)। [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:777415 হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰীত অনলাইনত] ৯১ পৃষ্ঠা * এডামছ্, জেন। ''দ্য লং ৰোড অৱ উইমেনছ মেম'ৰী'' (১৯১৬) [[iarchive:longroadwomansm00addagoog|অনলাইনত ইণ্টাৰনেট আৰ্কাইভ]] [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:520210 অনলাইনত হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰীত], ইউ. * এডামছ্, জেন। ''পিচ এণ্ড ব্ৰেড ইন টাইম অৱ ৱাৰ'' ১৯২২ [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101410685 অনলাইন সংস্কৰণ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211122210/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101410685|date=February 11, 2011}}, [http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:761799 হাৰ্ভাৰ্ড লাইব্ৰেৰীত অনলাইনত] ** ১৯২২ চনৰপৰা ২০০২ চনৰ ভিতৰত ইংৰাজী ভাষাত প্ৰকাশিত ১২টা সংস্কৰণ আৰু বিশ্বৰ ৮৩৫টা পুথিভঁৰালৰ হাতত আছে * এডামছ্, জেন। ''মোৰ বন্ধু, জুলিয়া লেথ্ৰপ। '' (১৯৩৫; পুনৰ্মুদ্ৰণ ইউ. অৱ ইলিনয় প্ৰেছ, ২০০৪) ১৬৬ পৃষ্ঠা। * এডামছ্, জেন। ''জেন এডামছ্: এ চেণ্টেনিয়েল ৰিডাৰ'' (১৯৬০) [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=453328 অনলাইন সংস্কৰণ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211122700/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=453328|date=February 11, 2011}} * ব্ৰাইয়ান, মেৰী লিন মেকক্ৰি, বাৰ্বাৰা বেয়াৰ, আৰু মাৰি ডি এংগুৰী। সম্পাদক, ''জেন এডামছৰ নিৰ্বাচিত গৱেষণা পত্ৰ ভলিউম ১: নেতৃত্ব দিবলৈ প্ৰস্তুতি, ১৮৬০–১৮৮১। '' ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি অৱ ইলিনয় প্ৰেছ, ২০০২। [https://www.amazon.com/dp/0252027299/ অনলাইন উদ্ধৃতি আৰু টেক্সট সন্ধান] * এলষ্টেইন, জিন বি সম্পাদক। ''দ্য জেন এডামছ্ ৰিডাৰ'' (২০০২), ৪৮৮পৃষ্ঠা * লাচ্চ, ক্ৰিষ্টোফাৰ, সম্পাদক। (১৯৬৫)। ''জেন এডামছৰ সামাজিক চিন্তা'' . == বাহ্যিক সংযোগসমূহ == {{Wikiquote}} * Works by Jane Addams in eBook form at Standard Ebooks * {{Gutenberg author|name=Jane Addams}} * Works by or about Jane Addams at the Internet Archive * Works by Jane Addams at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) * Harvard University Library Open Collections Program. Women Working, 1870–1930. [https://web.archive.org/web/20050817230106/http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_addams.html Jane Addams (1860–1935).] A full-text searchable online database with complete access to publications written by Jane Addams. * [https://digital.janeaddams.ramapo.edu/ Jane Addams Digital Edition, Ramapo College of New Jersey] *   * [https://historyofwomenphilosophers.org/project/directory-of-women-philosophers/addams-jane-1860-1935/ Jane Addams]: bibliographical and biographical references. - Center for the History of Women Philosophers and Scientists '''ভৌতিক সংগ্ৰহসমূহ''' * [http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/Exhibits/janeaddams/addamsindex.htm স্ৱাৰ্থম’ৰ কলেজৰ শান্তি সংগ্ৰহৰপৰা জেন এডামছৰ অনলাইন ফটোগ্ৰাফ প্ৰদৰ্শনী] * [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/scrc/ চিকাগো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ বিশেষ সংগ্ৰহ গৱেষণা কেন্দ্ৰত] [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/scrc/findingaids/view.php?eadid=ICU.SPCL.ADDAMSJ ১৮৯৪–১৯১৯ চনৰ জেন এডামছ্ সংগ্ৰহৰ গাইড] * [https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/480 জেন এডামছ্ পেপাৰছ] এট দ্য ছফিয়া স্মিথ কলেকচন, স্মিথ কলেজ * স্মিথ কলেজৰ ছফিয়া স্মিথ সংগ্ৰহত [https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/1004 এলেন গেটছ ষ্টাৰ পেপাৰছ] * Newspaper clippings about Jane Addams '''জীৱনীমূলক তথ্য''' * [https://vault.fbi.gov/Jane%20Addams জেন এডামছৰ ওপৰত এফ বি আইৰ ফাইল] * [http://www.historyofsocialwork.org/eng/details.php?cps=5&canon_id=137 সামাজিক কামৰ ইতিহাসৰ টাইমলাইনৰ ওপৰত জেন এডামছ্] * [https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/jane-addams/ জেন এডামছ্] নেচনেল উইমেনছ হল অৱ ফেম * [https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/addams_jane কেথী কুন বেডাৰটচাৰ: "জেন এডামছ্", ইন: ''১৯১৪–১৯১৮-অনলাইন। '' ''প্ৰথম বিশ্বযুদ্ধৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিক বিশ্বকোষ''] *   '''হাল হাউচ লিংক''' * [http://www.hullhousemuseum.org/ জেন এডামছ্ হাল-হাউছ মিউজিয়াম] * [http://maxwellhalsted.uic.edu/home/enlightened-reformer জেন এডামছৰ হাল-হাউচ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181228234400/http://taylorstreetarchives.com/ টেইলৰ ষ্ট্ৰীট আৰ্কাইভ; হাল হাউচ: ব’ৱেন কাউণ্ট্ৰী ক্লাব] * মিছালছ, ডেব্ৰা [https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/jane-addams "জেন এডামছ্"] . ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মহিলা ইতিহাস সংগ্ৰহালয়। ২০১৭ চনত। * স্কলাৰ, কেথ্ৰিন কিছ ইত্যাদি। "হাল-হাউছত নিৰ্মিত পৰিৱেশৰ পৰিৱৰ্তনে বসতিৰ ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ সৈতে পাৰস্পৰিক ক্ৰিয়াক কেনেকৈ প্ৰতিফলিত কৰে, ১৮৮৯–১৯১২?" স্কলাৰ, উইমেন এণ্ড ছ'চিয়েল মুভমেণ্টছ ইন দ্য ইউনাইটেড ষ্টেটছ, ১৬০০–২০০০ * তেওঁক "আমেৰিকাৰ ইতিহাসৰ প্ৰথম মহিলা 'ৰাজহুৱা দাৰ্শনিক'" হিচাপে চায়। * [https://www.academia.edu/6310490/ আয়াৰলেণ্ডত শান্তিৰ বাবে আমেৰিকান কমিছন অন্তৱৰ্তীকালীন প্ৰতিৱেদন] '''অন্যান্য লিংক''' * {{IMDb name|0011629}} * [http://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/related/outcast.php/ The Bitter Cry of Outcast London] by Rev. Andrew Mearns * [http://www.ifor-mir.org/ International Fellowship of Reconciliation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217133548/http://www.ifor-mir.org/|date=December 17, 2014}} * [http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675026876_Laura-Jane-Addams_buildings_umbrella_people Short historical film showing Jane Addams in Berlin in 1915], on her peace mission with Aletta Jacobs and Alice Hamilton. * Jane Addams on Nobelprize.org [[শ্ৰেণী:শান্তিৰ ন'বেল বঁটা বিজয়ী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অপৰ্যালোচিত অনুবাদসহ পৃষ্ঠা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:এলজিবিটি সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সমাজকৰ্মী]] it7l1lnyb9opgj99w1h5ka56ese7lat 0 135036 646117 593440 2026-10-19T20:01:30Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ঐশ্বৰ্য লক্ষ্মী | image = Aishwarya Lekshmi (cropped).jpg | image_size = 230 | caption = ২০১৭ বৰ্ষত ঐশ্বৰ্য | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1991|9|6}} | birth_place = তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম, [[কেৰালা]], [[ভাৰত]] | education = হোলী এঞ্জেলছ কনভেণ্ট তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম<br>ছেক্ৰেড হাৰ্ট কনভেণ্ট গাৰ্লছ হায়াৰ ছেকেণ্ডাৰী স্কুল, কেৰালা<br>শ্ৰী নাৰায়ণ ইনষ্টিটিউট অৱ মেডিকেল ছায়েন্স, কেৰালা (এমবিবিএছ) | occupation = অভিনেত্ৰী, প্ৰযোজক | years active = ২০১৭–বৰ্তমান }} '''ঐশ্বৰ্য লক্ষ্মী''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Aishwarya Lekshmi; জন্ম: ৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৯১) এগৰাকী [[ভাৰতীয়]] অভিনেত্ৰী আৰু প্ৰযোজক যিয়ে মূলতঃ [[মালয়ালম]] আৰু [[তামিল]] চলচ্চিত্ৰত কাম কৰে। তেওঁ এখন ফিল্মফেয়াৰ বঁটা দক্ষিণ, এখন [[তামিলনাডু]] ৰাজ্যিক চলচ্চিত্ৰ বঁটা, এখন [[কেৰালা]] চলচ্চিত্ৰ সমালোচক সংস্থা বঁটা আৰু তিনিখন এছআইআইএমএ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছে।<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018/articleshow/64617904.cms |title=Winners: 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=28 June 2018 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617071126/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/winners-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018/articleshow/64617904.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> ঐশ্বৰ্য লক্ষ্মীয়ে ২০১৭ চনৰ মালয়ালম ছবি ''ঞ্জানদুকালুডে নাটিল ওৰিদাভেলা''ৰ জৰিয়তে অভিনয়ত আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে, যিয়ে তেওঁক ফিল্মফেয়াৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ মহিলা অভিষেক – দক্ষিণ বঁটা প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref name="The Times of India">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Aishwarya-Lekshmi-to-play-Nivins-heroine/articleshow/51328254.cms |title=Aishwarya Lekshmi to play Nivin's heroine |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=20 August 2017 |archive-date=19 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819100033/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Aishwarya-Lekshmi-to-play-Nivins-heroine/articleshow/51328254.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ ''মায়ানাদী'' (২০১৭), ''বৰাথান'' (২০১৮), ''কাণেক্কাণে'' (২০২১), দুই খণ্ডৰ তামিল মহাকাব্যিক ছবি ''পন্নিয়ান চেলভান: ১'' (২০২২), যিটো তেওঁৰ সৰ্বাধিক উপাৰ্জন কৰা ছবি আৰু ''পন্নিয়ান চেলভান: ২'' (২০২৩), ''আম্মু'' (২০২২), ''কুমাৰী'' (২০২২), ''গত্ট কুষ্টি'' (২০২২), ''হেল্ল’ মাম্মী'' (২০২৪) আৰু ''মামন'' (২০২৫) আদিৰ বাবে প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/CB513A82005291CB |title=Action (2019) |website=Irish Film Classification Office |access-date=2 November 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117031600/http://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/CB513A82005291CB |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/why-hindi-dubbed-movies-are-growing/article32962562.ece |title=Not lost in translation: Why the Hindi dubbed versions of South Indian films are in demand |website=The Hindu |date=28 October 2020 |access-date=28 October 2020 |quote=The Hindi-dubbed version of Tamil film Action starring Vishal and Tamannaah Bhatia — a film which underperformed critically and commercially upon release — has 74 million views on YouTube in under three weeks of its upload. |last1=S |first1=Srivatsan |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029022607/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/why-hindi-dubbed-movies-are-growing/article32962562.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু কেৰিয়াৰ == লক্ষ্মীৰ জন্ম ১৯৯১ চনৰ ৬ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত [[কেৰালা]]ৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত হৈছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2020 |title=Happy Birthday Aishwarya Lekshmi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/happy-birthday-aishwarya-lekshmi-5-pictures-of-the-diva-that-will-charm-you-instantly/photostory/77943640.cms |url-status=live |access-date=18 July 2021 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005034347/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/happy-birthday-aishwarya-lekshmi-5-pictures-of-the-diva-that-will-charm-you-instantly/photostory/77943640.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Actor Aishwarya Lekshmi tests positive for COVID-19, says she 'took it easy' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/actor-aishwarya-lekshmi-tests-positive-covid-19-says-she-took-it-easy-146827 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409060446/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/actor-aishwarya-lekshmi-tests-positive-covid-19-says-she-took-it-easy-146827 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=FWDmedia |date=2017-08-03 |title=Aishwarya Lekshmi: Breathing New Life Into South Indian Cinema |url=https://fwdlife.in/aishwarya-lekshmi-breathing-new-life-south-indian-cinema |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=FWD Life {{!}} The Premium Lifestyle Magazine {{!}} |language=en-US |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531110834/https://fwdlife.in/aishwarya-lekshmi-breathing-new-life-south-indian-cinema |url-status=live }}</ref> তেওঁ প্ৰাথমিক শিক্ষা হোলী এঞ্জেলছ কনভেণ্ট তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আৰু অংগামালিৰ ছেক্ৰেড হাৰ্ট কনভেণ্ট গাৰ্লছ হায়াৰ ছেকেণ্ডাৰী স্কুলত লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title=I want to be remembered by the characters I do: 'Mayaanadhi' Aishwarya Lekshmi to TNM |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-want-be-remembered-characters-i-do-mayaanadhi-aishwarya-lekshmi-tnm-74857 |work=The News Minute |date=17 January 2018 |language=en |access-date=7 January 2022 |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108225225/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/i-want-be-remembered-characters-i-do-mayaanadhi-aishwarya-lekshmi-tnm-74857 |url-status=live }}</ref> তেওঁ ২০১৭ চনত এৰ্নাকুলামৰ শ্ৰী নাৰায়ণ ইনষ্টিটিউট অৱ মেডিকেল ছায়েন্সৰপৰা এমবিবিএছ ডিগ্ৰী সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ একেখন প্ৰতিষ্ঠানতে ইণ্টাৰ্নশ্বিপ সম্পন্ন কৰে।<ref name="The Times of India"/> ২০১৪ চনৰপৰাই লক্ষ্মীয়ে মডেলিং কৰি আহিছে। তেওঁ ''ফ্লাৱাৰ ৱৰ্ল্ড'', ''চল্ট ষ্টুডিঅ’'', ''বনিতা'' আৰু ''এফডব্লিউডি লাইফ''ৰ দৰে আলোচনীৰ বেটুপাতত স্থান লাভ কৰিছে। তেওঁ চেলমানুৰ জুৱেলাৰ্ছ, কৰিক্কিনেথ ছিল্কছ, লা ব্ৰেণ্ডা, এজভা বুটিক, অক্ষয় জুৱেলছ আৰু শ্ৰী লক্ষ্মী জুৱেলৰী আদি ব্ৰেণ্ডৰ বাবে মডেলিং কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/aug/19/destinys-child-aishwarya-lekshmi-meet-the-debutant-heroine-of-nivin-paulys-njandukalude-naattil-1645380.html |title='Destiny's child' Aishwarya Lekshmi: Meet the debutant heroine of Nivin Pauly's Njandukalude Naattil Oridavela |work=The New Indian Express |access-date=20 August 2017 |archive-date=20 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820120532/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2017/aug/19/destinys-child-aishwarya-lekshmi-meet-the-debutant-heroine-of-nivin-paulys-njandukalude-naattil-1645380.html |url-status=live}}</ref> == কৰ্মজীৱন == === আত্মপ্ৰকাশ আৰু সফলতা (২০১৭-২০২১) === লক্ষ্মীয়ে উল্লেখ কৰা মতে তেওঁ "কেতিয়াও অভিনয় কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা নাছিল", কিন্তু আলতাফ চেলিমৰ ২০১৭ চনৰ ছবি ''ঞ্জানদুকালুডে নাটিল ওৰিদাভেলা''ৰ বাবে অডিচন দিছিল য’ত নিভিন পলীয়ে অভিনয় কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁক এটা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয়ৰ বাবে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="The Times of India"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ টোভিনো থমাছৰ বিপৰীতে ৰোমাণ্টিক থ্ৰিলাৰ ছবি ''মায়ানাদী''ত এগৰাকী উচ্চাকাংক্ষী অভিনেত্ৰীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title='Mayaanadhi' actress Aishwarya Lekshmi opens up about the film, Tovino |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2017/12/23/mayaanadhi-actress-aiswarya-opens-up-about-the-film-tovino.html |access-date=5 January 2018 |work=The Times of India |date=23 December 2017 |archive-date=5 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105233710/http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2017/12/23/mayaanadhi-actress-aiswarya-opens-up-about-the-film-tovino.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ছবিখন এক ডাঙৰ সফলতা হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়। ''দ্য নিউজ মিনিট''ৰ নীলিমা মোহনে তেওঁক ছবিখনৰ "হৃদয় আৰু আত্মা" বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছিল। ২০১৮ চনত তেওঁ ফাহাদ ফাচিলৰ বিপৰীতে ''বৰাথান''ত অভিনয় কৰে, যিখন বক্স অফিচত সফল হয়।<ref>{{cite news|last=M. K.|first=Surendhar|title=Devadas earns Rs 29 cr in four-day opening weekend; Fahadh Faasil's Varathan rakes in record breaking numbers|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/devadas-earns-rs-29-cr-in-four-day-opening-weekend-fahadh-faasils-varathan-rakes-in-record-breaking-numbers-5322471.html|access-date=10 November 2018|work=Firstpost|date=5 October 2018}}</ref> সাজিন শ্ৰীজিতে মন্তব্য কৰে যে, "ঐশ্বৰ্যই নিজৰ অভিনয়ৰ জৰিয়তে নিজাকৈ এক প্ৰভাৱশালী মুহূৰ্ত লাভ কৰিছে।" <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemaexpress.com/reviews/malayalam/2018/sep/23/varathan-review-a-blistering-and-immensely-satisfying-revenge-thriller-8000.html|title=Varathan Review:&nbsp; A blistering and immensely satisfying revenge thriller|website=Cinemaexpress.xom|date=23 September 2018 |access-date=4 October 2018}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনত লক্ষ্মীৰ তিনিখন মালয়ালম ছবি মুক্তি পায়: আচিফ আলীৰ বিপৰীতে ''বিজয় ছুপাৰুম পৌৰ্ণমীয়ুম'',<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kochi/vijay-superum-pournamiyum-movie-pooja-held-in-kochi/articleshow/64807220.cms |title=Vijay Superum Pournamiyum' movie pooja held in Kochi |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=8 December 2018 |archive-date=13 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213051450/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/kochi/vijay-superum-pournamiyum-movie-pooja-held-in-kochi/articleshow/64807220.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> কালিদাস জয়ৰামৰ বিপৰীতে ''আৰ্জেণ্টিনা ফেনছ কট্টুৰকাডাভু''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kalidas-and-aishwarya-lekshmi-are-classmates-in-midhun-manuel-thomas-film-argentina-fans-kaattoorkadavu/articleshow/66987856.cms |title=Kalidas and Aishwarya Lekshmi are classmates in Midhun Manuel Thomas film Argentina Fans Kaattoorkadavu |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505000652/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kalidas-and-aishwarya-lekshmi-are-classmates-in-midhun-manuel-thomas-film-argentina-fans-kaattoorkadavu/articleshow/66987856.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> আৰু পৃথ্বীৰাজ সুকুমাৰণৰ সৈতে ''ব্ৰাদাৰ্ছ ডে''।<ref>{{cite news |last=George |first=Vijay |title='Brother's Day' is a family thriller, says Kalabhavan Shajohn |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/brothers-day-is-a-family-thriller-says-actor-and-mimicry-artiste-kalabhavan-shajohn-who-has-directed-the-film/article29329389.ece |accessdate=5 September 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=5 September 2019 |archive-date=23 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023103110/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/brothers-day-is-a-family-thriller-says-actor-and-mimicry-artiste-kalabhavan-shajohn-who-has-directed-the-film/article29329389.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> সেই বছৰতে তেওঁ বিশালৰ বিপৰীতে ''অ্যাকচন'' ছবিৰ জৰিয়তে তামিল ছবিতো আত্মপ্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2019 |title=Action Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/action/movie-review/72069574.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20191115101204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/action/movie-review/72069574.cms |archive-date=15 November 2019 |access-date=16 November 2019 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> ২০২১ চনত তেওঁ পোনপ্ৰথমে ধনুশৰ বিপৰীতে তামিল ছবি ''জাগামে থানধিৰাম''ত অভিনয় কৰে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pudipeddi |first=Haricharan |date=28 June 2021 |title=Karthik Subbaraj on criticism for Jagame Thandhiram: 'It's got lot of love and hate' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/karthik-subbaraj-on-criticism-for-jagame-thandhiram-it-s-got-lot-of-love-and-hate-101624864613219.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128175058/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/karthik-subbaraj-on-criticism-for-jagame-thandhiram-it-s-got-lot-of-love-and-hate-101624864613219.html |archive-date=28 January 2023 |access-date=28 August 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> আৰু তাৰ পিছত টোভিনো থমাছৰ বিপৰীতে তেওঁৰ দুখন মালয়ালম ছবি ''লাফিং বুদ্ধ'' আৰু ''কাণেক্কাণে'' মুক্তি পায়।<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kaanekkaane-tovino-thomas-and-aishwarya-lekshmi-team-up-once-again/articleshow/78336556.cms | title='Kaanekkaane': Tovino Thomas and Aishwarya Lekshmi team up once again | work=The Times of India | date=26 September 2020 | access-date=12 September 2021 | archive-date=13 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913101228/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kaanekkaane-tovino-thomas-and-aishwarya-lekshmi-team-up-once-again/articleshow/78336556.cms | url-status=live }}</ref> === কৰ্মজীৱনৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ আৰু অগ্ৰগতি (২০২২-বৰ্তমান) === ২০২২ চনটো আছিল তেওঁৰ কৰ্মজীৱনৰ এক মাইলৰ খুঁটি য’ত তেওঁৰ ৯ খন ছবি মুক্তি পাইছিল। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত কেৱল ''গাৰ্গী'', ''পন্নিয়ান চেলভান: ১'' আৰু ''গত্ট কুষ্টি''হে ব্যৱসায়িকভাৱে সফল হৈছিল। তেওঁ সহ-প্ৰযোজনা কৰা ''গাৰ্গী''ত কৰা কেমিঅ’ চৰিত্ৰৰ উপৰিও,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-07 |title=Aishwarya Lekshmi Breaks Down At Her Production 'Gargi' Press Meet |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/aishwarya-lekshmi-breaks-down-at-gargi-press-meet-news-207538 |access-date=2022-07-07 |language=en |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707170542/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/aishwarya-lekshmi-breaks-down-at-gargi-press-meet-news-207538 |url-status=live }}</ref> তেওঁক এনথ'লজী ছবি ''পুথাম পুধু কালাই ভিদিয়াধা''ত দেখা গৈছিল। লগতে সত্যদেৱৰ বিপৰীতে তেওঁৰ তেলেগু অভিষেক ছবি ''গডছে'' আৰু আৰ্যৰ বিপৰীতে ''কেপ্তেইন''ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Godse Movie Review: Satyadev shines in this message-oriented mystery |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/godse/amp_movie_review/92282578.cms |work=The Times of India |language=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/captain-movie-review-arya-s-film-is-poor-man-s-predator-1997867-2022-09-08 |title=Captain Movie Review: Arya's film is poor man's Predator |newspaper=India Today |date=8 September 2022 |archive-date=8 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220908084816/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/captain-movie-review-arya-s-film-is-poor-man-s-predator-1997867-2022-09-08 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''পন্নিয়ান চেলভান: ১'' ছবিত তেওঁ অশ্বিন কাকুমানুৰ বিপৰীতে পুংগুঝালিৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ছবিখন সকলো সময়ৰে পঞ্চম সৰ্বাধিক উপাৰ্জনকাৰী তামিল ছবি হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 November 2022 |title=Ponniyin Selvan I box office: Aishwarya Rai-starrer crosses ₹500 crore worldwide, only the second Tamil film to do so |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/ponniyin-selvan-i-box-office-aishwarya-rai-starrer-crosses-500-crore-worldwide-only-the-second-tamil-film-to-do-so-101668752375767.html |access-date=16 January 2023 |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118070414/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/ponniyin-selvan-i-box-office-aishwarya-rai-starrer-crosses-500-crore-worldwide-only-the-second-tamil-film-to-do-so-101668752375767.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''অৰ্চনা ৩১ নট আউট''ত এগৰাকী শিক্ষয়িত্ৰীৰ নাম ভূমিকাত অভিনয় কৰি তেওঁ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=Archana 31 not out review: Aishwarya Lekshmi shines in tiring watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/mollywood-movie-review/arachana-31-not-out-review-aishwarya-lekshmi-7767841/ |access-date=20 April 2022 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰিও ''আম্মু''ত ঘৰুৱা হিংসাৰ বলি হোৱা মহিলা আৰু ''কুমাৰী''ত এগৰাকী অনাথ ছোৱালীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kumari-movie-review-immersive-fantasy-horror-drama-pulled-down-by-a-shallow-script/article66064518.ece |title='Kumari' movie review: Immersive fantasy-horror drama pulled down by a shallow script |first=S. r |last=Praveen |date=28 October 2022 |work=The Hindu}}</ref> সেই বছৰৰ তেওঁৰ অন্তিমখন ছবি আছিল ''গত্ট কুষ্টি'', য’ত তেওঁ বিষ্ণু বিশালৰ বিপৰীতে এগৰাকী মল্লযুঁজাৰুৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2022 |title='Gatta Kusthi' box office collection day 1: Vishnu Vishal starrer mints Rs 4 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/gatta-kusthi-box-office-collection-day-1-vishnu-vishal-starrer-mints-rs-4-crore/articleshow/95967327.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=4 December 2022 |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205010530/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/box-office/gatta-kusthi-box-office-collection-day-1-vishnu-vishal-starrer-mints-rs-4-crore/articleshow/95967327.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৩ চনত লক্ষ্মীয়ে প্ৰথমে মమ్ముত্তীৰ সৈতে ''ক্ৰিষ্টোফাৰ''ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher Movie: ക്രിസ്റ്റഫർ കളക്ഷൻ റിപ്പോർട്ട് പുറത്ത്; കേരളത്തിൽ നേടിയത് ഇത്രയും |url=https://zeenews-india-com.translate.goog/malayalam/movies/christopher-movie-first-day-box-office-original-collection-report-126339/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=wapp |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=Zee Malayalam News |date=10 February 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213011003/https://zeenews-india-com.translate.goog/malayalam/movies/christopher-movie-first-day-box-office-original-collection-report-126339?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-US&_x_tr_pto=wapp |archivedate=13 February 2023 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁৰ সফল ছবিৰ দ্বিতীয় খণ্ড ''পন্নিয়ান চেলভান: ২''ত নিজৰ চৰিত্ৰটো পুনৰ অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purushothaman |first=Kirubhakar |date=1 May 2023 |title="Ponniyin Selvan 2 review: Mani Ratnam finally takes some creative liberty and it works" |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/ponniyin-selvan-2-movie-review-ps-2-mani-ratnam-vikram-aishwarya-rai-8580814/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506035958/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/ponniyin-selvan-2-movie-review-ps-2-mani-ratnam-vikram-aishwarya-rai-8580814/ |archive-date=6 May 2023 |access-date=5 May 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> পাছলৈ তেওঁ দুলকাৰ ছলমানৰ বিপৰীতে ''কিং অৱ কোঠা''ত অভিনয় কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |last=Menon |first=Vishal |date=24 August 2023 |title=King of Kotha Review: A Clever, Self-Aware Action Drama Turns Into An Empty Postcard Of Daggers And Swagger |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/malayalam-review/king-of-kotha-review-a-clever-self-aware-action-drama-turns-into-an-empty-postcard-of-daggers-and-swagger-dulquer-salmaan |website=Film Companion}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত লক্ষ্মীৰ প্ৰথম ছবি আছিল অশোক চেলভানৰ বিপৰীতে অভিনয় কৰা ''পন অনদ্ৰু কানডেন''।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chandar |first=Bhuvanesh |date=15 April 2024 |title='Pon Ondru Kanden' movie review: A vexingly dull, caricaturis}}</ref> == সংবাদ মাধ্যমত == [[File:Aishwarya Lekshmi (Ponniyin-Selvan-Part-2-snapped-promoting-their-film-2) (cropped).jpg|thumb|২০২৩ চনত লক্ষ্মী]] লক্ষ্মীয়ে ২০১৮ আৰু ২০১৯ চনত ধাৰাবাহিকভাৱে ''কোচি টাইমছ মষ্ট ডিজায়াৰেবল উইমেন'' (আটাইতকৈ আকৰ্ষণীয় মহিলা) খিতাপ লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু ২০২০ চনৰ তালিকাত তেওঁ চতুৰ্থ স্থানত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kochi Times Most Desirable Woman 2018 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kochi-times-most-desirable-women-of-2018/articleshow/68050858.cms |access-date=23 September 2019 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kochi Times 30 Most Desirable Woman 2019 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kochi-times-most-desirable-women-of-2019/articleshow/74241269.cms |access-date=25 September 2020 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet Kochi Times 30 Most Desirable Woman 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/kochi-times-most-desirable-women-2020-check-out-the-full-list/articleshow/83145524.cms |access-date=27 September 2021 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref> ''মায়ানাদী''ত তেওঁ কৰা অভিনয়ক ''ফিল্ম কম্পেনিয়ন''ৰ "দশকটোৰ ১০০টা শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনয়"ৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=100 Greatest Performances of the Decade |url=https://filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219043509/https://www.filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=14 November 2020 |website=Film Companion |language=en}}</ref> লক্ষ্মীক আটাইতকৈ বেছি পাৰিতোষিক পোৱা মালয়ালম অভিনেত্ৰীসকলৰ ভিতৰত এগৰাকী বুলিও গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite news |title=Manju Warrier to Nayanthara: Top 7 highest-paid Malayalam actresses |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/southcinema/manju-warrier-to-nayanthara-top-7-highest-paid-malayalam-actresses/ar-AA1uYSHs |access-date=21 January 2025 |website=MSN |publisher=Asianet News}}</ref> ২০২২ চনত ''ফৰ্বছ ইণ্ডিয়া''ই তেওঁক প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে প্ৰকাশ কৰা "শ্ব'ষ্টপাৰ্ছ – ইণ্ডিয়াছ টপ ৫০ আউটপাৰফৰ্মাৰ্ছ" তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Showstoppers 2022–23: Meet India's Top 50 Outperformers |access-date=29 December 2022 |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/showstoppers-2023/ |work=Forbes India |archive-date=6 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106052812/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/showstoppers-2023/ |url-status=live}}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == <references /> ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name|8468959}} * {{Twitter |AishuLekshmi}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় অভিনেত্ৰী]] 6k9s8sxoxq8moy1g6wvpumah04o16ra 0 135084 646184 594462 2026-10-20T04:10:54Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox actress | image = Gina Lynn 2010.jpg | caption = ২০১০ চনত লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ এক্সোটিকা এক্সপ'ত লিন | birth_name = তানিয়া মাৰ্চাডো<ref name=nyt/> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1974|02|15}} | birth_place = মায়াগুৱেজ, পুৱৰ্টো ৰিকো, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = পৰ্ণগ্ৰাফিক অভিনেত্ৰী, মডেল, ষ্ট্ৰিপাৰ | spouse = {{marriage|ট্ৰেভিছ নাইট|1999|2012|end=বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদ}} | height = | alias = }} '''তানিয়া মাৰ্চাডো''' (জন্ম: ১৫ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী ১৯৭৪<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/10/national/10porn.html?_r=1 |title=A Night to See the Stars Actually Wearing Clothes |access-date=November 8, 2007|author=Matt Richtel|date=January 5, 2006 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>), পেছাগতভাৱে '''জিনা লিন''' নামেৰে পৰিচিত এগৰাকী [[আমেৰিকা]]ন প্ৰাক্তন [[পৰ্ণগ্ৰাফিক অভিনেত্ৰী]], মডেল আৰু ষ্ট্ৰিপাৰ।<ref name=PleasureContract>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.avn.com/html/avn/news/nws/news2082.html |title=Gina Lynn Signs With Pleasure One Year, 10 Video Deal |access-date=July 9, 2015 |author=Humphrey Pennyworth |date=June 15, 2000 |magazine=AVN |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021025024340/http://www.avn.com/html/avn/news/nws/news2082.html |archive-date=October 25, 2002 |archivedate=October 25, 2002 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20021025024340/http://www.avn.com/html/avn/news/nws/news2082.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁক ২০১০ চনত 'এভিএন হল অৱ ফেেম'ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল আৰু তেওঁ ''পেণ্টহাউচ'' আলোচনীৰ ২০১২ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহৰ '[[পেণ্টহাউচ পেটসকলৰ তালিকা|পেণ্টহাউচ পেট]]' আছিল। লিন এমিনেমৰ "ছুপাৰমেন" গীতৰ সংগীত ভিডিঅ'ত অভিনয় কৰাৰ বাবেও পৰিচিত। == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == লিনৰ জন্ম পুৱৰ্টো ৰিকাত হৈছিল আৰু পাঁচ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ নিউ জাৰ্চীলৈ গুচি আহে।<ref name=PinkWorld>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinkworld.com/pornstars/interviews/Gina-Lynn.html |title=PinkWorld Interview with Gina Lynn |access-date=August 1, 2016 |publisher=PinkWorld |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023181202/http://www.pinkworld.com/pornstars/interviews/Gina-Lynn.html |archive-date=October 23, 2008 }}</ref> পুৱৰ্টো ৰিকান আৰু ইটালীয় মূলৰ<ref name=2006MetroTimes/> লিন নিউ জাৰ্চীৰ জেকচন টাউনশ্বিপত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল।<ref name=PleasureContract/><ref name=NYT2003>Gussow, Mel. [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/books/photographing-celebrities-even-those-of-an-x-rated-world.html "Photographing Celebrities, Even Those of an X-Rated World"]. ''The New York Times'', July 29, 2003. Accessed July 22, 2008.</ref> == কেৰিয়াৰ == ২০০০ চনৰ জুন মাহত লিনে 'প্লেজাৰ প্ৰডাকচন'ৰ সৈতে এবছৰীয়া একচেটিয়া অভিনয়ৰ চুক্তি স্বাক্ষৰ কৰে।<ref name=PleasureContract/> ২০০২ চনত তেওঁ ''এনালাইজ ডেট'' (Analyze That) নামৰ ছবিখনত এগৰাকী ষ্ট্ৰিপাৰ হিচাপে এটা চুটি চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gussow |first=Mel |title=Photographing Celebrities, Even Those of an X-Rated World |newspaper=The New York Times |date=July 29, 2003 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/29/books/photographing-celebrities-even-those-of-an-x-rated-world.html }}</ref> ''দ্য ছোপ্ৰানোছ'' ধাৰাবাহিকৰ চতুৰ্থ ছিজনৰপৰা লিনে "বাডা বিং!" নামৰ ষ্ট্ৰিপ ক্লাবটোত এগৰাকী ষ্ট্ৰিপাৰ হিচাপে মাজে মাজে অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/gina-lynn-returns-to-the-sopranos-27370.html|title=Gina Lynn Returns to 'The Sopranos'|publisher=avn.com|date=November 3, 2006}}</ref> ২০০৯ চনৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি, তেওঁ কোম্পানীটোৰ লগতে তেওঁৰ নিজাকৈ ষ্টুডিঅ' 'জিনা লিন প্ৰডাকচন'ৰ বাবে চিনেমা নিৰ্মাণ কৰি আছিল।<ref name=roots>{{cite magazine |title=Gina Lynn Crosses Over to Mainstream, Returns to Roots |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/35246.html |magazine=AVN |date=July 29, 2009 |access-date=August 9, 2009 |archive-date=May 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511102148/http://business.avn.com/articles/35246.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=May 11, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511102148/http://business.avn.com/articles/35246.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁ ছবি পৰিচালনাও কৰে আৰু তেওঁৰ নামত ২০খনতকৈও অধিক ছবিৰ কৃতিত্ব আছে।<ref name="iafd">{{iafd name|GinaLynn|f}}</ref> ২০০৩ চনত লিনে আমেৰিকান ৰেপাৰ এমিনেমৰ "ছুপাৰমেন" গীতৰ সংগীত ভিডিঅ'ত তেওঁৰ প্ৰেমিকা হিচাপে অভিনয় কৰিছিল। যদিও ভিডিঅ'টো ''টোটেল ৰিকুৱেষ্ট লাইভ''ৰ বাবে অতিৰিক্তভাৱে সাহসী আছিল, 'কমপ্লেক্স' আলোচনীয়ে লিনৰ উপস্থিতিৰ বাবে ইয়াক এমিনেমৰ আটাইতকৈ স্মৰণীয় সংগীত ভিডিঅ'সমূহৰ এটা বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/2011/06/a-history-of-porn-stars-in-eminem-videos/gina-lynn|title=Gina Lynn - A History Of Porn Stars In Eminem Videos|magazine=Complex}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনত লিনৰ ডেট্ৰইটৰ বাতৰি কাকত ''মেট্ৰ' টাইমছ''ত এটা সাক্ষাৎকাৰ প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল।<ref name=2006MetroTimes>{{cite news|last=Staff|title=Starlet nights Em's fave porn pet Gina Lynn on Detroit; Ubiquity inks Nomo; a killer Encore show|url=http://www2.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=8821|newspaper=Metro Times|access-date=April 17, 2014|archive-date=May 5, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505063755/http://www.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=8821|url-status=dead|archivedate=May 5, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505063755/http://www.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=8821|deadurl=yes}}</ref> লেখাটোত লিনক আন সহযোগী পৰ্ণ অভিনেতা যেনে জুৱেল ডি'নাইল, বেলাডোনা, টেলৰ চেইণ্ট ক্লেয়াৰ আৰু জন ষ্টাগ্লিয়ানোৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=AVNMetroTimes>{{cite magazine|last=Stanton|first=Thomas J.|title=Metrotimes Spotlights Lynn|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/i-Metrotimes-i-Spotlights-Lynn-47728.html|magazine=Adult Video News|access-date=April 17, 2014|archive-date=April 18, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418220801/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/i-Metrotimes-i-Spotlights-Lynn-47728.html|url-status=dead|archivedate=April 18, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418220801/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/i-Metrotimes-i-Spotlights-Lynn-47728.html|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০০৯ চনত তেওঁ ''মিংহেগছ'' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখনত অভিনয় কৰিছিল, য’ত তেওঁ মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ লেনিৰ সতীয়া ভনীৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল। ২০১২ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ''পেণ্টহাউচ'' আলোচনীয়ে ঘোষণা কৰিছিল যে লিন ২০১২ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহৰ 'পেণ্টহাউচ পেট' হ’ব।<ref>[http://penthousemagazine.com/issues/2012/penthouse-magazine-april-2012/ Penthouse Magazine April 2012]</ref> সেই মাহৰ শেষৰফালে লিনে ঘোষণা কৰিছিল যে তেওঁ পৰ্ণ উদ্যোগৰপৰা অৱসৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰিছে, কিন্তু ৱেবকামৰ জৰিয়তে নিজৰ উপস্থিতি অব্যাহত ৰাখিব।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.xtrememagazine.com/2012/03/gina-lynn-confesses-to-howard-stern-no-more-porn/ |title=Gina Lynn Is Done With Porn |publisher=Xtrememagazine.com |date=March 28, 2012 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080702/http://www.xtrememagazine.com/2012/03/gina-lynn-confesses-to-howard-stern-no-more-porn/ |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |archivedate=April 7, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407080702/http://www.xtrememagazine.com/2012/03/gina-lynn-confesses-to-howard-stern-no-more-porn/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == বঁটাসমূহ == [[চিত্ৰ:Gina Lynn at Erotica LA 2006 2.JPG|thumb|২০০৬ চনৰ ইৰ'টিকা এলএত জিনা লিন]] * ২০০২ নাইটমুভছ বঁটা – শ্ৰেষ্ঠ ফিচাৰ ডান্সাৰ<ref name=nightmov>[http://www.nightmovesusa.com/awards-show/past-winner-history.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130722133601/http://www.nightmovesusa.com/awards-show/past-winner-history.html |date=July 22, 2013 }}</ref> * ২০০৩ এক্সোটিক ডান্সাৰ বঁটা – বছৰটোৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ এডাল্ট মুভি ফিচাৰ এণ্টাৰটেইনাৰ<ref>{{cite web |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Gina-Lynn-Takes-Prize-At-Exotic-Dancer-Awards-36544.html |title=AVN - Gina Lynn Takes Prize At Exotic Dancer Awards |publisher=Business.avn.com |date=August 29, 2003 |access-date=April 20, 2014 |archive-date=December 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207065048/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Gina-Lynn-Takes-Prize-At-Exotic-Dancer-Awards-36544.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=December 7, 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207065048/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/Gina-Lynn-Takes-Prize-At-Exotic-Dancer-Awards-36544.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> * ২০০৫ এভিএন বঁটা (AVN Award) – ''জিনা লিনছ ডাৰ্কচাইড''ৰ বাবে শ্ৰেষ্ঠ গঞ্জো ৰিলিজ<ref>{{Cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925111244/http://www.avnawards.com/index.php?center=pastwinners |archivedate=2009-09-25 |title=AVN Awards Past Winners |url=https://www.avnawards.com/index.php?center=pastwinners |access-date=2026-03-24 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> * ২০০৫ নাইটমুভছ বঁটা – শ্ৰেষ্ঠ নতুন প্ৰডাকচন কোম্পানী (অনুৰাগীৰ পছন্দ)<ref name=nightmov/> * ২০০৬ এফআইচিইবি নিনফা বঁটা (FICEB Ninfa Award) – শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অভিনেত্ৰী (ৰাইজৰ পছন্দত)<ref>{{cite web |title= Awards Won |publisher = Barcelona International Erotic Film Festival |url = http://www.ficeb.com/english/awards.htm# |language = es |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070609031432/http://www.ficeb.com/english/awards.htm |archive-date = June 9, 2007 |access-date = November 17, 2007}}</ref> * ২০০৭ নাইটমুভছ বঁটা – শ্ৰেষ্ঠ ফিচাৰ ডান্সাৰ (সম্পাদকৰ পছন্দত)<ref name=nightmov/> * ২০০৭ নাইটমুভছ হল অৱ ফেেমত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত<ref name=nightmov/> * ২০০৮ ফেম বঁটা (F.A.M.E. Award) – ফেভাৰিট এছ<ref>{{cite magazine|url= http://avn.com/performer/articles/30630.html|title= 2008 F.A.M.E. Winners Announced at Erotica LA|access-date= June 8, 2008|author= David Sullivan|date= June 7, 2008|magazine= AVN|archive-date= June 9, 2008|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080609122543/http://www.avn.com/performer/articles/30630.html|url-status= dead|archivedate= June 9, 2008|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080609122543/http://www.avn.com/performer/articles/30630.html|deadurl= yes}}</ref> * ২০০৯ নাইটমুভছ ত্ৰিপল প্লে বঁটা (নৃত্য/অভিনয়/পৰিচালনা)<ref name=nightmov/> * ২০১০ এভিএন হল অৱ ফেেমত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত<ref name=avnnom10>{{cite web |title=2010 Nominees |publisher=AVN.com |url=http://avnawards.avn.com/about/nominees.html |access-date=November 26, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026142002/http://avnawards.avn.com/about/nominees.html |archive-date=October 26, 2009 |archivedate=October 26, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026142002/http://avnawards.avn.com/about/nominees.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{Commons category}} * {{IMDb name|1046017|Gina Lynn}} * [http://www.avn.com/index.php?Primary_Navigation=Articles&Action=View_Article&Content_ID=238004 AVN: "Gina Lynn Hurt in Motorcycle Stunt"], Dan Miller, August 29, 2005 [[শ্ৰেণী:আমেৰিকান পৰ্ণগ্ৰাফিক চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ অভিনেত্ৰী]] svtvdrmj90v3ocgg893xteiuc8v4pm6 0 136658 646068 637664 2026-10-19T14:55:49Z ~2026-56203-88 52399 /* */ 646068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Moresources}}{{Infobox football biography | name = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম | image = | fullname = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|12|25}} | birth_place = পূজালী, [[পশ্চিমবঙ্গ]], [[ভাৰত]] | height = ১৭৬ ছেমি | position = ডিফেণ্ডাৰ (ৰাইট বেক) / মিডফিল্ডাৰ | pcupdate = ১৫ মে' ২০২৬ <br><hr><center>'''ৱেবছাইট:''' [https://sites.google.com/view/mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-4/home ক্লিক কৰক] <br> '''AIFF CRS ID:''' PL00000103468 </center> | currentclub = ফ্ৰী এজেণ্ট<ref name="Sortitoutsi2026">{{cite web | url = https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76607/indian-midfielder-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-becomes-free-agent-eyes-2026-season-opportunities | title = ভাৰতীয় মিডফিল্ডাৰ মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম এতিয়া এগৰাকী ফ্ৰী এজেন্ট; ২০২৬ ছিজনৰ বাবে সাজু | website = Sortitoutsi | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | date = 2026 | quote = ভাৰতীয় মিডফিল্ডাৰ মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমে ২০২৬ বৰ্ষৰ ফুটবল ছিজনৰ বাবে এগৰাকী ফ্ৰী এজেন্ট হিচাপে নতুন সুযোগৰ সন্ধান কৰিছে। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> <ref name="SortitoutsiChance2026">{{cite web | url = https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76641/give-me-one-chance-in-the-i-league-i-wont-take-a-penny-if-i-dont-perform-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim | title = আই-লীগত মোক এটা সুযোগ দিয়ক, প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে মই এটকাও নলওঁ: মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম | website = Sortitoutsi | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | date = 2026 | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমে আই-লীগত নিজৰ দক্ষতা প্ৰমাণ কৰাৰ বাবে এটা সুযোগ বিচাৰিছে আৰু আত্মবিশ্বাসেৰে ঘোষণা কৰিছে যে ব্যৰ্থ হ’লে তেওঁ কোনো মাননি গ্ৰহণ নকৰে। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://public.app/video/sp_5qss07o5n51iz |title=Mahroos Siddiquee Nadim mentoring youth players at YSP Football Academy |trans-title=অনুশীলন খেলৰ সময়ত YSP ফুটবল একাডেমীৰ খেলুৱৈসকলক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পৰামৰ্শ মাহৰূজ চিদ্দিকী নাদিমৰ |publisher=Public App |date=2026-04-20 |access-date=2026-05-06 |language=as}}</ref> | youthyears1 = ২০১৩–২০১৭ | youthclubs1 = [[মোহন বাগান এচি]]<ref>[https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mahroos-nadim/2739083?epoca_id=145 মাহৰোছ নাদিম: প্লেমেকাৰ ষ্টেটচ প্ৰফাইল]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | years1 = ২০১৮–২০১৯ | clubs1 = এলবাৰ্ট স্পৰ্টিং ক্লাব | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = ২০১৯–২০২০ | clubs2 = মিনাৰ্ভা একাডেমী এফচি<ref name="PlaymakerstatsMahroos">{{cite web | url = https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mahroos-nadim/2739083?epoca_id=150 | title = মাহৰুছ নাডিমৰ খেলুৱৈ প্ৰফাইল আৰু পৰিসংখ্যা | website = Playmakerstats | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমৰ পেছাদাৰী ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰৰ বিস্তৃত পৰিসংখ্যা আৰু তথ্য। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = ২০২০–২০২১ | clubs3 = এফকে ষ্ট্ৰুগা (উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া)<ref>[https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mahroos-nadim/2739083?epoca_id=150 মাহৰোছ নাদিম: প্লেমেকাৰ ষ্টেটচ প্ৰফাইল]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | caps3 = | goals3 = | years4 = ২০২২–২০২৩ | clubs4 = ৰাজবাৰী এথলেটিক ক্লাব | caps4 = | goals4 = | years5 = ২০২৪–২০২৫ | clubs5 = আছাম ডায়নামো ক্লাব<ref name="SSEN2025">{{cite AV media | people = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম | date = 2025-11-12 | title = নিজক প্ৰমাণ কৰাৰ হেঁপাহ: BSL ট্ৰায়েলত যুৱ প্ৰতিভাৰ ভিৰ | medium = লাইভ ষ্ট্ৰীম | publisher = SSEN | url = https://www.youtube.com/live/jLPkJvziLfk | access-date = 2026-04-14 | time = 00:04:49 | quote = মোৰ শেষ ক্লাব আছিল আছাম ডাইনামো ক্লাব। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> | caps5 = | goals5 = }} '''মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম''' ({{lang-en|Mahroos Siddiquee Nadim}}; জন্ম: ২৫ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০০১) এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় পেছাদাৰী ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ।তেওঁ মূলত এজন সোঁ-পক্ষৰ ৰক্ষক (Right Back) হিচাপে খেলে। নাদিমে তেওঁৰ ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰ ভাৰতীয় ফুটবলৰ অন্যতম শক্তি কেন্দ্ৰ মোহন বাগান এচিৰ যুৱ একাডেমীৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=চুক্তি বাতিল নাকি নতুন ক্লাবৰ সন্ধান? ট্ৰান্সফাৰ উইণ্ডোক লৈ চৰ্চাত মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম |url=https://indiantvnews.in/archives/199064 |website=IndianTVNews |author=Umar Farukh Hossain |date=15 October 2026 |access-date=19 October 2026 |language=as }}</ref><ref name="MuckRackMahroos">{{cite web | url = https://muckrack.com/mahroos-nadim | title = মাহৰুছ নাডিমৰ সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ প্ৰফাইল | publisher = Muck Rack | website = muckrack.com | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমৰ পেছাদাৰী ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় সংবাদ আৰু প্ৰকাশনসমূহৰ সংগ্ৰহ। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> <ref name="YouthKiAwaaz2026">{{cite web | url = https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2026/04/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87/ | title = আই-লীগত সুযোগৰ যুঁজত মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম | website = Youth Ki Awaaz | date = 2026-04 | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = বঙালী | quote = ভাৰতীয় ফুটবলৰ উচ্চ স্তৰৰ প্ৰতিযোগিতা আই-লীগত স্থান লাভৰ বাবে খেলুৱৈজনৰ সংগ্ৰাম আৰু লক্ষ্যৰ বিষয়ে এক প্ৰতিবেদন। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> <ref name="Aima2026">{{cite news |last=Nadim |first=Mahroos Siddiquee |title=মাহরূজ চিদ্দিকীর ফুটবল দর্শন ও সংগ্রামের কথা |url=https://aimamedia.org/newsdetails.aspx?nid=647034 |work=Aima Media |date=2026-05-05 |language=bn |access-date=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref name="MENAFN2026_AS">{{cite news |last=মেনাফন এডিটৰিয়েল |title=Is That On-Field Fire Fading Away? The Struggle of an Experienced Professional |url=https://menafn.com/1111112982/Is-That-On-Field-Fire-Fading-Away-The-Struggle-of-an-Experienced-Professional |work=MENAFN |date=১৪ মে ২০২৬ |access-date=১৭ মে ২০২৬ |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mylocalpress_nadim_as_2026">{{cite news |last=ৰাভা |first=বিনয় ৰাভা |date=১৯ মে' ২০২৬ |title=চোট ও প্ৰতিকূলতা পেৰিয়ে মাঠে ফেৰাৰ লড়াইয়ে অভিজ্ঞ মিডফিল্ডাৰ মাহৰুস সিদ্দিকী নাদিম |url=https://mylocalpress.com/content/cd11ce44-ca03-41b4-9546-2d05108eca75 |work=মাই লোকেল প্ৰেছ |department=ক্ৰীড়া সাময়িকী |access-date=১৯ মে' ২০২৬}}</ref><ref>[https://menafn.com/arabic/1111149027/In-2021-Bengals-Mahroos-Nadim-Reached-the-European-Football-Map-Invitation-from-FC-Struga-and-Selection-by-Sheffield-United-FC Menafn.news]</ref><ref>[https://mylocalpress.com/content/cc421c04-5970-495a-97e6-3ebbf9953782 Krida Samoyiki.news]</ref><ref>''মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম: প্ৰত্যাহ্বান নেওচি ফুটবল খেলপথাৰলৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু ক্ৰীড়াৰ জৰিয়তে যুৱ প্ৰজন্মক অনুপ্ৰেৰণা'', মাই লোকেল প্ৰেছ (My Local Press), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mylocalpress.com/content/cd11ce44-ca03-41b4-9546-2d05108eca75 </ref> <ref>''২০২১ চনত কেনেকৈ মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম, সন্দেশ ঝিংগান, শুভ পাল, চি bajit সিং, গীতansh শৰ্মা আৰু মনবীৰ সিঙে ইউৰোপৰ ফুটবল ৰাডাৰ দখল কৰিছিল'', মেনাএফএন (MENAFN), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://menafn.com/1111222043/How-Mahroos-Siddiquee-Nadim-Sandesh-Jhingan-Subho-Paul-Sibajit-Singh-Gitansh-Sharma-and-Manveer-Singh-Captured-Europes-Football-Radar-in-2021 </ref> <ref>''মোহন বাগান গ্ৰাউণ্ডত আশিষ ৰায় আৰু মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকিৰ পুনৰমিলন'', ম’জ’ স্পৰ্টচ (ম’জ’ নেটৱৰ্ক), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mojosports.mojonetwork.in/national-news/mohun-bagan-ground-asish-rai-mahroos-siddiquee-reunion </ref> <ref>''ইউৰোপ ফুটবল ডিক্লাইন: মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম'', ম’জ’ স্পৰ্টচ (ম’জ’ নেটৱৰ্ক), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mojosports.mojonetwork.in/sports/europe-football-decline-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-1780071092 </ref> <ref>''যেদৰে ২০২১ বৰ্ষত ইউৰোপীয় ফুটবলৰ নজর কাঢ়িছিল মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম, সন্দেশ ঝিংগান, শুভ পাল, চি bajit সিং, গীতansh শৰ্মা আৰু মনবীৰ সিঙে'', মাই লোকেল প্ৰেছ (My Local Press), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mylocalpress.com/content/690cf353-c30d-45e6-ba81-f6ae02a8ab13 </ref><ref>{{cite news | title = From Mohun Bagan Youth to Guwahati League: The Rising Journey of Versatile Indian Footballer Mahroos Siddiquee Nadim | url = https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/samoyik1989129472051-epaper-dhb2310f4bacb94827afb62fcedebe40d5/-newsid-dhb2310f4bacb94827afb62fcedebe40d5_d48647f9e20645fa83c04072909e33aa | work = Dailyhunt | publisher = kolkata news | date = 2026-06-14 | access-date = 2026-06-14 | language = en }}</ref> == কেৰিয়াৰ == নাদিমে ২০১৩ চনৰ পৰা ২০১৭ চনলৈ মোহন বাগানৰ যুৱ দলৰ হৈ খেলিছিল। পিছত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্লাবত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। তেওঁ ২০২০-২১ ছিজনত উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়াৰ ফাৰ্ষ্ট লীগৰ ক্লাব এফকে ষ্ট্ৰুগাৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ আছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ অসমৰ গুৱাহাটী ছুপাৰ ডিভিজন লীগত আছাম ডায়নামো ক্লাবৰ হৈ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। ২০২২ চনত তেওঁক গুৱাহাটী লীগৰ অন্যতম সফল ৰাইট বেক হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="SortitoutsiBreakout2022">{{cite web | url = https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76610/mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-the-2022-breakout-right-back-of-guwahati-football-league | title = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম: ২০২২ বৰ্ষৰ গুৱাহাটী ফুটবল লীগৰ ব্ৰেকআউট ৰাইট-বেক | website = Sortitoutsi | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | date = 2026 | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমে ২০২২ চনৰ গুৱাহাটী ফুটবল লীগত তেওঁৰ উন্নত প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ বাবে এজন উদীয়মান ৰাইট-বেক হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> ==ব্যক্তিগত আৰু সামাজিক জীৱন== ​মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিমৰ ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন তেওঁৰ খেলুৱৈ জীৱনৰ দৰেই চৰ্চিত। পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলৰ ব্যস্ততাৰ মাজতো তেওঁৰ সামাজিক সম্পৰ্কক লৈ বিভিন্ন সময়ত অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত উৎসুকতা দেখা যায়। বিশেষকৈ ইত্তিচাম খাতুন<ref name="BinoyRaba2026">{{cite web | url = https://binoyraba10.blogspot.com/2026/03/rumor-has-it-mahroos-nadims-hidden.html | title = উৰাবাতৰি: মাহৰুছ নাদিমৰ লুকাই থকা সম্ভাৱনা আৰু ক্লাবৰ সৈতে যোগাযোগ | website = বিনয় ৰাভাৰ ব্লগ | author = বিনয় ৰাভা | date = 2026-03 | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিমৰ ভৱিষ্যত ক্লাব আৰু ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰৰ সম্ভাৱ্য দিশসমূহৰ ওপৰত এক আলোকপাত। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> আৰু শ্ৰুতি দেৰ সৈতে থকা তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্ব তথা ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্কক লৈ সামাজিক মাধ্যমত বিভিন্ন চৰ্চা চলি থাকে। যদিও নাদিমে নিজৰ ব্যক্তিগত সম্পৰ্কসমূহক সদায় ব্যক্তিগত কৰি ৰাখিবলৈ পছন্দ কৰে, তথাপিও এই নামসমূহক লৈ প্ৰায়ে তেওঁৰ অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত বিভিন্ন জল্পনা-কল্পনা বা উৰাবাতৰি প্ৰচাৰিত হোৱা দেখা যায়। ​এগৰাকী আধুনিক ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতিভা হিচাপে নাদিমে কেৱল খেলপথাৰতে নহয়, বৰঞ্চ নিজৰ এক স্বকীয় ব্যক্তিত্বৰ জৰিয়তেও সমাজত পৰিচিত। তেওঁৰ বন্ধু-বৰ্গ আৰু সামাজিক বৃত্তত বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্ৰৰ লোকৰ সৈতে সু-সম্পৰ্ক আছে। তেওঁৰ খেলুৱৈ জীৱনৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ পৰাই পৰিয়াল আৰু বন্ধু-বান্ধৱীসকলে তেওঁক মানসিকভাবে সদায় উৎসাহিত কৰি আহিছে। বৰ্তমান ২০২৬ বৰ্ষৰ ফুটবল ছিজনৰ বাবে কঠোৰ অনুশীলনত ব্যস্ত থকাৰ মাজতো নাদিমে নিজৰ ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন আৰু পেছাদাৰী দায়িত্বৰ মাজত এক সুন্দৰ ভাৰসাম্য বজাই ৰাখিছে। == কেৰিয়াৰ পৰিসংখ্যা == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! ক্লাব !! ছিজন !! লীগ !! অংশগ্ৰহণ (Apps) !! গ’ল |- | [[মোহন বাগান এচি]] (যুৱ) || ২০১৩–১৭ || একাডেমি লীগ || ১১ || ০ |- | এলবাৰ্ট স্পৰ্টিং ক্লাব || ২০১৮–১৯ || চিএফএল (CFL) || ৫ || ০ |- | মিনাৰ্ভা একাডেমী এফচি || ২০১৯–২০ || ইলিট লীগ || ৩ || ০ |- | এফকে ষ্ট্ৰুগা (উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া) || ২০২০–২১ || ফাৰ্ষ্ট লীগ || ০ || ০ |- | ৰাজবাৰী এথলেটিক ক্লাব || ২০২২–২৩ || গুৱাহাটী ছুপাৰ ডিভিজন || ৩ || ০ |- | আছাম ডায়নামো ক্লাব || ২০২৪–২৫ || গুৱাহাটী ছুপাৰ ডিভিজন || ৩ || ০ |- ! colspan="3" | মুঠ কেৰিয়াৰ !! ২৫ !! ০ |} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://goallytics.com/player/147483647-mahrooz-siddiqui-nadim গ’লিটিক্সত মাহৰুছ নাদিমৰ পৰিসংখ্যা] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == {{Reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76610/mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-the-2022-breakout-right-back-of-guwahati-football-league Guwahati Football League Report - Sortitoutsi] * [https://goallytics.com/player/147483647-mahrooz-siddiqui-nadim Goallytics Player Profile] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://binoyraba10.blogspot.com/2026/03/rumor-has-it-mahroos-nadims-hidden.html Media Report on Personal Life - Binoy Raba] * [https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76607/indian-midfielder-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-becomes-free-agent-eyes-2026-season-opportunities Free Agent Status News] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মোহন বাগান এচিৰ খেলুৱৈ]] a2t6dm42byrllv173hzr9g6i4ljxaaa 646069 646068 2026-10-19T15:04:43Z ~2026-56203-88 52399 /* */ 646069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Moresources}}{{Infobox football biography | name = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম | image = | fullname = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|12|25}} | birth_place = পূজালী, [[পশ্চিমবঙ্গ]], [[ভাৰত]] | height = ১৭৬ ছেমি | position = ডিফেণ্ডাৰ (ৰাইট বেক) / মিডফিল্ডাৰ | pcupdate = ১৫ মে' ২০২৬ <br><hr><center>'''ৱেবছাইট:''' [https://sites.google.com/view/mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-4/home ক্লিক কৰক] <br> '''AIFF CRS ID:''' PL00000103468 </center> | currentclub = ফ্ৰী এজেণ্ট<ref>{{cite web |title=অনুশাসনৰ অভাৱ আৰু খেলপথাৰৰ বাহিৰৰ ব্যস্ততাই ক্লাববিহীন কৰিলে মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিমক |url=https://indiantvnews.in/archives/200935 |website=IndianTVNews |author=Umar Farukh Hossain |date=2026-10-19 |access-date=2026-10-19 |language=en }}</ref><ref name="Sortitoutsi2026">{{cite web | url = https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76607/indian-midfielder-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-becomes-free-agent-eyes-2026-season-opportunities | title = ভাৰতীয় মিডফিল্ডাৰ মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম এতিয়া এগৰাকী ফ্ৰী এজেন্ট; ২০২৬ ছিজনৰ বাবে সাজু | website = Sortitoutsi | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | date = 2026 | quote = ভাৰতীয় মিডফিল্ডাৰ মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমে ২০২৬ বৰ্ষৰ ফুটবল ছিজনৰ বাবে এগৰাকী ফ্ৰী এজেন্ট হিচাপে নতুন সুযোগৰ সন্ধান কৰিছে। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> <ref name="SortitoutsiChance2026">{{cite web | url = https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76641/give-me-one-chance-in-the-i-league-i-wont-take-a-penny-if-i-dont-perform-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim | title = আই-লীগত মোক এটা সুযোগ দিয়ক, প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে মই এটকাও নলওঁ: মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম | website = Sortitoutsi | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | date = 2026 | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমে আই-লীগত নিজৰ দক্ষতা প্ৰমাণ কৰাৰ বাবে এটা সুযোগ বিচাৰিছে আৰু আত্মবিশ্বাসেৰে ঘোষণা কৰিছে যে ব্যৰ্থ হ’লে তেওঁ কোনো মাননি গ্ৰহণ নকৰে। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://public.app/video/sp_5qss07o5n51iz |title=Mahroos Siddiquee Nadim mentoring youth players at YSP Football Academy |trans-title=অনুশীলন খেলৰ সময়ত YSP ফুটবল একাডেমীৰ খেলুৱৈসকলক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পৰামৰ্শ মাহৰূজ চিদ্দিকী নাদিমৰ |publisher=Public App |date=2026-04-20 |access-date=2026-05-06 |language=as}}</ref> | youthyears1 = ২০১৩–২০১৭ | youthclubs1 = [[মোহন বাগান এচি]]<ref>[https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mahroos-nadim/2739083?epoca_id=145 মাহৰোছ নাদিম: প্লেমেকাৰ ষ্টেটচ প্ৰফাইল]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | years1 = ২০১৮–২০১৯ | clubs1 = এলবাৰ্ট স্পৰ্টিং ক্লাব | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = ২০১৯–২০২০ | clubs2 = মিনাৰ্ভা একাডেমী এফচি<ref name="PlaymakerstatsMahroos">{{cite web | url = https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mahroos-nadim/2739083?epoca_id=150 | title = মাহৰুছ নাডিমৰ খেলুৱৈ প্ৰফাইল আৰু পৰিসংখ্যা | website = Playmakerstats | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমৰ পেছাদাৰী ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰৰ বিস্তৃত পৰিসংখ্যা আৰু তথ্য। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = ২০২০–২০২১ | clubs3 = এফকে ষ্ট্ৰুগা (উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া)<ref>[https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mahroos-nadim/2739083?epoca_id=150 মাহৰোছ নাদিম: প্লেমেকাৰ ষ্টেটচ প্ৰফাইল]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | caps3 = | goals3 = | years4 = ২০২২–২০২৩ | clubs4 = ৰাজবাৰী এথলেটিক ক্লাব | caps4 = | goals4 = | years5 = ২০২৪–২০২৫ | clubs5 = আছাম ডায়নামো ক্লাব<ref name="SSEN2025">{{cite AV media | people = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম | date = 2025-11-12 | title = নিজক প্ৰমাণ কৰাৰ হেঁপাহ: BSL ট্ৰায়েলত যুৱ প্ৰতিভাৰ ভিৰ | medium = লাইভ ষ্ট্ৰীম | publisher = SSEN | url = https://www.youtube.com/live/jLPkJvziLfk | access-date = 2026-04-14 | time = 00:04:49 | quote = মোৰ শেষ ক্লাব আছিল আছাম ডাইনামো ক্লাব। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> | caps5 = | goals5 = }} '''মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম''' ({{lang-en|Mahroos Siddiquee Nadim}}; জন্ম: ২৫ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০০১) এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় পেছাদাৰী ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ।তেওঁ মূলত এজন সোঁ-পক্ষৰ ৰক্ষক (Right Back) হিচাপে খেলে। নাদিমে তেওঁৰ ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰ ভাৰতীয় ফুটবলৰ অন্যতম শক্তি কেন্দ্ৰ মোহন বাগান এচিৰ যুৱ একাডেমীৰ পৰা আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=চুক্তি বাতিল নাকি নতুন ক্লাবৰ সন্ধান? ট্ৰান্সফাৰ উইণ্ডোক লৈ চৰ্চাত মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম |url=https://indiantvnews.in/archives/199064 |website=IndianTVNews |author=Umar Farukh Hossain |date=15 October 2026 |access-date=19 October 2026 |language=as }}</ref><ref name="MuckRackMahroos">{{cite web | url = https://muckrack.com/mahroos-nadim | title = মাহৰুছ নাডিমৰ সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ প্ৰফাইল | publisher = Muck Rack | website = muckrack.com | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমৰ পেছাদাৰী ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় সংবাদ আৰু প্ৰকাশনসমূহৰ সংগ্ৰহ। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> <ref name="YouthKiAwaaz2026">{{cite web | url = https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2026/04/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87/ | title = আই-লীগত সুযোগৰ যুঁজত মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম | website = Youth Ki Awaaz | date = 2026-04 | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = বঙালী | quote = ভাৰতীয় ফুটবলৰ উচ্চ স্তৰৰ প্ৰতিযোগিতা আই-লীগত স্থান লাভৰ বাবে খেলুৱৈজনৰ সংগ্ৰাম আৰু লক্ষ্যৰ বিষয়ে এক প্ৰতিবেদন। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> <ref name="Aima2026">{{cite news |last=Nadim |first=Mahroos Siddiquee |title=মাহরূজ চিদ্দিকীর ফুটবল দর্শন ও সংগ্রামের কথা |url=https://aimamedia.org/newsdetails.aspx?nid=647034 |work=Aima Media |date=2026-05-05 |language=bn |access-date=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref name="MENAFN2026_AS">{{cite news |last=মেনাফন এডিটৰিয়েল |title=Is That On-Field Fire Fading Away? The Struggle of an Experienced Professional |url=https://menafn.com/1111112982/Is-That-On-Field-Fire-Fading-Away-The-Struggle-of-an-Experienced-Professional |work=MENAFN |date=১৪ মে ২০২৬ |access-date=১৭ মে ২০২৬ |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mylocalpress_nadim_as_2026">{{cite news |last=ৰাভা |first=বিনয় ৰাভা |date=১৯ মে' ২০২৬ |title=চোট ও প্ৰতিকূলতা পেৰিয়ে মাঠে ফেৰাৰ লড়াইয়ে অভিজ্ঞ মিডফিল্ডাৰ মাহৰুস সিদ্দিকী নাদিম |url=https://mylocalpress.com/content/cd11ce44-ca03-41b4-9546-2d05108eca75 |work=মাই লোকেল প্ৰেছ |department=ক্ৰীড়া সাময়িকী |access-date=১৯ মে' ২০২৬}}</ref><ref>[https://menafn.com/arabic/1111149027/In-2021-Bengals-Mahroos-Nadim-Reached-the-European-Football-Map-Invitation-from-FC-Struga-and-Selection-by-Sheffield-United-FC Menafn.news]</ref><ref>[https://mylocalpress.com/content/cc421c04-5970-495a-97e6-3ebbf9953782 Krida Samoyiki.news]</ref><ref>''মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম: প্ৰত্যাহ্বান নেওচি ফুটবল খেলপথাৰলৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু ক্ৰীড়াৰ জৰিয়তে যুৱ প্ৰজন্মক অনুপ্ৰেৰণা'', মাই লোকেল প্ৰেছ (My Local Press), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mylocalpress.com/content/cd11ce44-ca03-41b4-9546-2d05108eca75 </ref> <ref>''২০২১ চনত কেনেকৈ মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম, সন্দেশ ঝিংগান, শুভ পাল, চি bajit সিং, গীতansh শৰ্মা আৰু মনবীৰ সিঙে ইউৰোপৰ ফুটবল ৰাডাৰ দখল কৰিছিল'', মেনাএফএন (MENAFN), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://menafn.com/1111222043/How-Mahroos-Siddiquee-Nadim-Sandesh-Jhingan-Subho-Paul-Sibajit-Singh-Gitansh-Sharma-and-Manveer-Singh-Captured-Europes-Football-Radar-in-2021 </ref> <ref>''মোহন বাগান গ্ৰাউণ্ডত আশিষ ৰায় আৰু মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকিৰ পুনৰমিলন'', ম’জ’ স্পৰ্টচ (ম’জ’ নেটৱৰ্ক), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mojosports.mojonetwork.in/national-news/mohun-bagan-ground-asish-rai-mahroos-siddiquee-reunion </ref> <ref>''ইউৰোপ ফুটবল ডিক্লাইন: মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম'', ম’জ’ স্পৰ্টচ (ম’জ’ নেটৱৰ্ক), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mojosports.mojonetwork.in/sports/europe-football-decline-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-1780071092 </ref> <ref>''যেদৰে ২০২১ বৰ্ষত ইউৰোপীয় ফুটবলৰ নজর কাঢ়িছিল মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম, সন্দেশ ঝিংগান, শুভ পাল, চি bajit সিং, গীতansh শৰ্মা আৰু মনবীৰ সিঙে'', মাই লোকেল প্ৰেছ (My Local Press), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mylocalpress.com/content/690cf353-c30d-45e6-ba81-f6ae02a8ab13 </ref><ref>{{cite news | title = From Mohun Bagan Youth to Guwahati League: The Rising Journey of Versatile Indian Footballer Mahroos Siddiquee Nadim | url = https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/samoyik1989129472051-epaper-dhb2310f4bacb94827afb62fcedebe40d5/-newsid-dhb2310f4bacb94827afb62fcedebe40d5_d48647f9e20645fa83c04072909e33aa | work = Dailyhunt | publisher = kolkata news | date = 2026-06-14 | access-date = 2026-06-14 | language = en }}</ref> == কেৰিয়াৰ == নাদিমে ২০১৩ চনৰ পৰা ২০১৭ চনলৈ মোহন বাগানৰ যুৱ দলৰ হৈ খেলিছিল। পিছত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্লাবত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। তেওঁ ২০২০-২১ ছিজনত উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়াৰ ফাৰ্ষ্ট লীগৰ ক্লাব এফকে ষ্ট্ৰুগাৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ আছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ অসমৰ গুৱাহাটী ছুপাৰ ডিভিজন লীগত আছাম ডায়নামো ক্লাবৰ হৈ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। ২০২২ চনত তেওঁক গুৱাহাটী লীগৰ অন্যতম সফল ৰাইট বেক হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="SortitoutsiBreakout2022">{{cite web | url = https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76610/mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-the-2022-breakout-right-back-of-guwahati-football-league | title = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম: ২০২২ বৰ্ষৰ গুৱাহাটী ফুটবল লীগৰ ব্ৰেকআউট ৰাইট-বেক | website = Sortitoutsi | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | date = 2026 | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমে ২০২২ চনৰ গুৱাহাটী ফুটবল লীগত তেওঁৰ উন্নত প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ বাবে এজন উদীয়মান ৰাইট-বেক হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> ==ব্যক্তিগত আৰু সামাজিক জীৱন== ​মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিমৰ ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন তেওঁৰ খেলুৱৈ জীৱনৰ দৰেই চৰ্চিত। পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলৰ ব্যস্ততাৰ মাজতো তেওঁৰ সামাজিক সম্পৰ্কক লৈ বিভিন্ন সময়ত অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত উৎসুকতা দেখা যায়। বিশেষকৈ ইত্তিচাম খাতুন<ref name="BinoyRaba2026">{{cite web | url = https://binoyraba10.blogspot.com/2026/03/rumor-has-it-mahroos-nadims-hidden.html | title = উৰাবাতৰি: মাহৰুছ নাদিমৰ লুকাই থকা সম্ভাৱনা আৰু ক্লাবৰ সৈতে যোগাযোগ | website = বিনয় ৰাভাৰ ব্লগ | author = বিনয় ৰাভা | date = 2026-03 | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিমৰ ভৱিষ্যত ক্লাব আৰু ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰৰ সম্ভাৱ্য দিশসমূহৰ ওপৰত এক আলোকপাত। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> আৰু শ্ৰুতি দেৰ সৈতে থকা তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্ব তথা ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্কক লৈ সামাজিক মাধ্যমত বিভিন্ন চৰ্চা চলি থাকে। যদিও নাদিমে নিজৰ ব্যক্তিগত সম্পৰ্কসমূহক সদায় ব্যক্তিগত কৰি ৰাখিবলৈ পছন্দ কৰে, তথাপিও এই নামসমূহক লৈ প্ৰায়ে তেওঁৰ অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত বিভিন্ন জল্পনা-কল্পনা বা উৰাবাতৰি প্ৰচাৰিত হোৱা দেখা যায়। ​এগৰাকী আধুনিক ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতিভা হিচাপে নাদিমে কেৱল খেলপথাৰতে নহয়, বৰঞ্চ নিজৰ এক স্বকীয় ব্যক্তিত্বৰ জৰিয়তেও সমাজত পৰিচিত। তেওঁৰ বন্ধু-বৰ্গ আৰু সামাজিক বৃত্তত বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্ৰৰ লোকৰ সৈতে সু-সম্পৰ্ক আছে। তেওঁৰ খেলুৱৈ জীৱনৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ পৰাই পৰিয়াল আৰু বন্ধু-বান্ধৱীসকলে তেওঁক মানসিকভাবে সদায় উৎসাহিত কৰি আহিছে। বৰ্তমান ২০২৬ বৰ্ষৰ ফুটবল ছিজনৰ বাবে কঠোৰ অনুশীলনত ব্যস্ত থকাৰ মাজতো নাদিমে নিজৰ ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন আৰু পেছাদাৰী দায়িত্বৰ মাজত এক সুন্দৰ ভাৰসাম্য বজাই ৰাখিছে। == কেৰিয়াৰ পৰিসংখ্যা == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! ক্লাব !! ছিজন !! লীগ !! অংশগ্ৰহণ (Apps) !! গ’ল |- | [[মোহন বাগান এচি]] (যুৱ) || ২০১৩–১৭ || একাডেমি লীগ || ১১ || ০ |- | এলবাৰ্ট স্পৰ্টিং ক্লাব || ২০১৮–১৯ || চিএফএল (CFL) || ৫ || ০ |- | মিনাৰ্ভা একাডেমী এফচি || ২০১৯–২০ || ইলিট লীগ || ৩ || ০ |- | এফকে ষ্ট্ৰুগা (উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া) || ২০২০–২১ || ফাৰ্ষ্ট লীগ || ০ || ০ |- | ৰাজবাৰী এথলেটিক ক্লাব || ২০২২–২৩ || গুৱাহাটী ছুপাৰ ডিভিজন || ৩ || ০ |- | আছাম ডায়নামো ক্লাব || ২০২৪–২৫ || গুৱাহাটী ছুপাৰ ডিভিজন || ৩ || ০ |- ! colspan="3" | মুঠ কেৰিয়াৰ !! ২৫ !! ০ |} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://goallytics.com/player/147483647-mahrooz-siddiqui-nadim গ’লিটিক্সত মাহৰুছ নাদিমৰ পৰিসংখ্যা] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == {{Reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76610/mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-the-2022-breakout-right-back-of-guwahati-football-league Guwahati Football League Report - Sortitoutsi] * [https://goallytics.com/player/147483647-mahrooz-siddiqui-nadim Goallytics Player Profile] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://binoyraba10.blogspot.com/2026/03/rumor-has-it-mahroos-nadims-hidden.html Media Report on Personal Life - Binoy Raba] * [https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76607/indian-midfielder-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-becomes-free-agent-eyes-2026-season-opportunities Free Agent Status News] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মোহন বাগান এচিৰ খেলুৱৈ]] 6cvg3atj3i5wnladhg2agpbveae9lsn 646070 646069 2026-10-19T16:54:05Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 646070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Moresources}}{{Infobox football biography | name = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম | image = | fullname = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2001|12|25}} | birth_place = পূজালী, [[পশ্চিমবঙ্গ]], [[ভাৰত]] | height = ১৭৬ ছেমি | position = ডিফেণ্ডাৰ (ৰাইট বেক) / মিডফিল্ডাৰ | pcupdate = ১৫ মে' ২০২৬ <br><hr><center>'''ৱেবছাইট:''' [https://sites.google.com/view/mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-4/home ক্লিক কৰক] <br> '''AIFF CRS ID:''' PL00000103468 </center> | currentclub = ফ্ৰী এজেণ্ট<ref>{{cite web |title=অনুশাসনৰ অভাৱ আৰু খেলপথাৰৰ বাহিৰৰ ব্যস্ততাই ক্লাববিহীন কৰিলে মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিমক |url=https://indiantvnews.in/archives/200935 |website=IndianTVNews |author=Umar Farukh Hossain |date=2026-10-19 |access-date=2026-10-19 |language=en }}</ref><ref name="Sortitoutsi2026">{{cite web | url = https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76607/indian-midfielder-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-becomes-free-agent-eyes-2026-season-opportunities | title = ভাৰতীয় মিডফিল্ডাৰ মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম এতিয়া এগৰাকী ফ্ৰী এজেণ্ট; ২০২৬ ছিজনৰ বাবে সাজু | website = Sortitoutsi | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | date = 2026 | quote = ভাৰতীয় মিডফিল্ডাৰ মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমে ২০২৬ বৰ্ষৰ ফুটবল ছিজনৰ বাবে এগৰাকী ফ্ৰী এজেণ্ট হিচাপে নতুন সুযোগৰ সন্ধান কৰিছে। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> <ref name="SortitoutsiChance2026">{{cite web | url = https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76641/give-me-one-chance-in-the-i-league-i-wont-take-a-penny-if-i-dont-perform-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim | title = আই-লীগত মোক এটা সুযোগ দিয়ক, প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰিব নোৱাৰিলে মই এটকাও নলওঁ: মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম | website = Sortitoutsi | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | date = 2026 | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমে আই-লীগত নিজৰ দক্ষতা প্ৰমাণ কৰাৰ বাবে এটা সুযোগ বিচাৰিছে আৰু আত্ম-বিশ্বাসেৰে ঘোষণা কৰিছে যে ব্যৰ্থ হ’লে তেওঁ কোনো মাননি গ্ৰহণ নকৰে। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://public.app/video/sp_5qss07o5n51iz |title=Mahroos Siddiquee Nadim mentoring youth players at YSP Football Academy |trans-title=অনুশীলন খেলৰ সময়ত YSP ফুটবল একাডেমীৰ খেলুৱৈসকলক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পৰামৰ্শ মাহৰূজ চিদ্দিকী নাদিমৰ |publisher=Public App |date=2026-04-20 |access-date=2026-05-06 |language=as}}</ref> | youthyears1 = ২০১৩–২০১৭ | youthclubs1 = [[মোহন বাগান এচি]]<ref>[https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mahroos-nadim/2739083?epoca_id=145 মাহৰোছ নাদিম: প্লেমেকাৰ ষ্টেটচ প্ৰফাইল]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | years1 = ২০১৮–২০১৯ | clubs1 = এলবাৰ্ট স্পৰ্টিং ক্লাব | caps1 = | goals1 = | years2 = ২০১৯–২০২০ | clubs2 = মিনাৰ্ভা একাডেমী এফচি<ref name="PlaymakerstatsMahroos">{{cite web | url = https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mahroos-nadim/2739083?epoca_id=150 | title = মাহৰুছ নাডিমৰ খেলুৱৈ প্ৰফাইল আৰু পৰিসংখ্যা | website = Playmakerstats | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমৰ পেছাদাৰী ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰৰ বিস্তৃত পৰিসংখ্যা আৰু তথ্য। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | caps2 = | goals2 = | years3 = ২০২০–২০২১ | clubs3 = এফকে ষ্ট্ৰুগা (উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া)<ref>[https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/mahroos-nadim/2739083?epoca_id=150 মাহৰোছ নাদিম: প্লেমেকাৰ ষ্টেটচ প্ৰফাইল]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | caps3 = | goals3 = | years4 = ২০২২–২০২৩ | clubs4 = ৰাজবাৰী এথলেটিক ক্লাব | caps4 = | goals4 = | years5 = ২০২৪–২০২৫ | clubs5 = আছাম ডায়নামো ক্লাব<ref name="SSEN2025">{{cite AV media | people = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম | date = 2025-11-12 | title = নিজক প্ৰমাণ কৰাৰ হেঁপাহ: BSL ট্ৰায়েলত যুৱ প্ৰতিভাৰ ভিৰ | medium = লাইভ ষ্ট্ৰীম | publisher = SSEN | url = https://www.youtube.com/live/jLPkJvziLfk | access-date = 2026-04-14 | time = 00:04:49 | quote = মোৰ শেষ ক্লাব আছিল আছাম ডাইনামো ক্লাব। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> | caps5 = | goals5 = }} '''মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম''' ({{lang-en|Mahroos Siddiquee Nadim}}; জন্ম: ২৫ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০০১) এগৰাকী ভাৰতীয় পেছাদাৰী ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ। তেওঁ মূলত এজন সোঁ-পক্ষৰ ৰক্ষক (Right Back) হিচাপে খেলে। নাদিমে তেওঁৰ ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰ ভাৰতীয় ফুটবলৰ অন্যতম শক্তি কেন্দ্ৰ মোহন বাগান এচিৰ যুৱ একাডেমীৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=চুক্তি বাতিল নাকি নতুন ক্লাবৰ সন্ধান? ট্ৰান্সফাৰ উইণ্ডোক লৈ চৰ্চাত মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিম |url=https://indiantvnews.in/archives/199064 |website=IndianTVNews |author=Umar Farukh Hossain |date=15 October 2026 |access-date=19 October 2026 |language=as }}</ref><ref name="MuckRackMahroos">{{cite web | url = https://muckrack.com/mahroos-nadim | title = মাহৰুছ নাডিমৰ সংবাদ মাধ্যমৰ প্ৰফাইল | publisher = Muck Rack | website = muckrack.com | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমৰ পেছাদাৰী ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় সংবাদ আৰু প্ৰকাশনসমূহৰ সংগ্ৰহ। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> <ref name="YouthKiAwaaz2026">{{cite web | url = https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2026/04/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87/ | title = আই-লীগত সুযোগৰ যুঁজত মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম | website = Youth Ki Awaaz | date = 2026-04 | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = বঙালী | quote = ভাৰতীয় ফুটবলৰ উচ্চ স্তৰৰ প্ৰতিযোগিতা আই-লীগত স্থান লাভৰ বাবে খেলুৱৈজনৰ সংগ্ৰাম আৰু লক্ষ্যৰ বিষয়ে এক প্ৰতিৱেদন। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> <ref name="Aima2026">{{cite news |last=Nadim |first=Mahroos Siddiquee |title=মাহৰূজ চিদ্দিকীৰ ফুটবল দৰ্শন ও সংগ্ৰামেৰ কথা |url=https://aimamedia.org/newsdetails.aspx?nid=647034 |work=Aima Media |date=2026-05-05 |language=bn |access-date=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref name="MENAFN2026_AS">{{cite news |last=মেনাফন এডিটৰিয়েল |title=Is That On-Field Fire Fading Away? The Struggle of an Experienced Professional |url=https://menafn.com/1111112982/Is-That-On-Field-Fire-Fading-Away-The-Struggle-of-an-Experienced-Professional |work=MENAFN |date=১৪ মে ২০২৬ |access-date=১৭ মে ২০২৬ |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mylocalpress_nadim_as_2026">{{cite news |last=ৰাভা |first=বিনয় ৰাভা |date=১৯ মে' ২০২৬ |title=চোট ও প্ৰতিকূলতা পেৰিয়ে মাঠে ফেৰাৰ লড়ায়ে অভিজ্ঞ মিডফিল্ডাৰ মাহৰুস সিদ্দিকী নাদিম |url=https://mylocalpress.com/content/cd11ce44-ca03-41b4-9546-2d05108eca75 |work=মাই লোকেল প্ৰেছ |department=ক্ৰীড়া সাময়িকী |access-date=১৯ মে' ২০২৬}}</ref><ref>[https://menafn.com/arabic/1111149027/In-2021-Bengals-Mahroos-Nadim-Reached-the-European-Football-Map-Invitation-from-FC-Struga-and-Selection-by-Sheffield-United-FC Menafn.news]</ref><ref>[https://mylocalpress.com/content/cc421c04-5970-495a-97e6-3ebbf9953782 Krida Samoyiki.news]</ref><ref>''মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম: প্ৰত্যাহ্বান নেওচি ফুটবল খেলপথাৰলৈ প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তন আৰু ক্ৰীড়াৰ জৰিয়তে যুৱ প্ৰজন্মক অনুপ্ৰেৰণা'', মাই লোকেল প্ৰেছ (My Local Press), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mylocalpress.com/content/cd11ce44-ca03-41b4-9546-2d05108eca75 </ref> <ref>''২০২১ চনত কেনেকৈ মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম, সন্দেশ ঝিংগান, শুভ পাল, চি bajit সিং, গীতansh শৰ্মা আৰু মনবীৰ সিঙে ইউৰোপৰ ফুটবল ৰাডাৰ দখল কৰিছিল'', মেনাএফএন (MENAFN), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://menafn.com/1111222043/How-Mahroos-Siddiquee-Nadim-Sandesh-Jhingan-Subho-Paul-Sibajit-Singh-Gitansh-Sharma-and-Manveer-Singh-Captured-Europes-Football-Radar-in-2021 </ref> <ref>''মোহন বাগান গ্ৰাউণ্ডত আশিষ ৰায় আৰু মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকিৰ পুনৰমিলন'', ম’জ’ স্পৰ্টচ (ম’জ’ নেটৱৰ্ক), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mojosports.mojonetwork.in/national-news/mohun-bagan-ground-asish-rai-mahroos-siddiquee-reunion </ref> <ref>''ইউৰোপ ফুটবল ডিক্লাইন: মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম'', ম’জ’ স্পৰ্টচ (ম’জ’ নেটৱৰ্ক), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mojosports.mojonetwork.in/sports/europe-football-decline-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-1780071092 </ref> <ref>''যেদৰে ২০২১ বৰ্ষত ইউৰোপীয় ফুটবলৰ নজৰ কাঢ়িছিল মাহৰুছ চিদ্দিকি নদীম, সন্দেশ ঝিংগান, শুভ পাল, চি bajit সিং, গীতansh শৰ্মা আৰু মনবীৰ সিঙে'', মাই লোকেল প্ৰেছ (My Local Press), ২০২৬। সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হৈছে: ১০ জুন, ২০২৬। লিংক: https://mylocalpress.com/content/690cf353-c30d-45e6-ba81-f6ae02a8ab13 </ref><ref>{{cite news | title = From Mohun Bagan Youth to Guwahati League: The Rising Journey of Versatile Indian Footballer Mahroos Siddiquee Nadim | url = https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/samoyik1989129472051-epaper-dhb2310f4bacb94827afb62fcedebe40d5/-newsid-dhb2310f4bacb94827afb62fcedebe40d5_d48647f9e20645fa83c04072909e33aa | work = Dailyhunt | publisher = kolkata news | date = 2026-06-14 | access-date = 2026-06-14 | language = en }}</ref> == কেৰিয়াৰ == নাদিমে ২০১৩ চনৰপৰা ২০১৭ চনলৈ মোহন বাগানৰ যুৱ দলৰ হৈ খেলিছিল। পিছত তেওঁ বিভিন্ন ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্লাবত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। তেওঁ ২০২০-২১ ছিজনত উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়াৰ ফাৰ্ষ্ট লীগৰ ক্লাব এফকে ষ্ট্ৰুগাৰ সৈতে চুক্তিবদ্ধ আছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত তেওঁ অসমৰ গুৱাহাটী ছুপাৰ ডিভিজন লীগত আছাম ডায়নামো ক্লাবৰ হৈ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। ২০২২ চনত তেওঁক গুৱাহাটী লীগৰ অন্যতম সফল ৰাইট বেক হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="SortitoutsiBreakout2022">{{cite web | url = https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76610/mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-the-2022-breakout-right-back-of-guwahati-football-league | title = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিম: ২০২২ বৰ্ষৰ গুৱাহাটী ফুটবল লীগৰ ব্ৰেকআউট ৰাইট-বেক | website = Sortitoutsi | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | date = 2026 | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাডিমে ২০২২ চনৰ গুৱাহাটী ফুটবল লীগত তেওঁৰ উন্নত প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ বাবে এজন উদীয়মান ৰাইট-বেক হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছে। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> ==ব্যক্তিগত আৰু সামাজিক জীৱন== ​মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিমৰ ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন তেওঁৰ খেলুৱৈ জীৱনৰ দৰেই চৰ্চিত। পেছাদাৰী ফুটবলৰ ব্যস্ততাৰ মাজতো তেওঁৰ সামাজিক সম্পৰ্কক লৈ বিভিন্ন সময়ত অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত ঔৎসুকতা দেখা যায়। বিশেষকৈ ইত্তিচাম খাতুন<ref name="BinoyRaba2026">{{cite web | url = https://binoyraba10.blogspot.com/2026/03/rumor-has-it-mahroos-nadims-hidden.html | title = উৰাবাতৰি: মাহৰুছ নাদিমৰ লুকাই থকা সম্ভাৱনা আৰু ক্লাবৰ সৈতে যোগাযোগ | website = বিনয় ৰাভাৰ ব্লগ | author = বিনয় ৰাভা | date = 2026-03 | access-date = 2026-04-14 | language = ইংৰাজী | quote = মাহৰুছ ছিদ্দিকী নাদিমৰ ভৱিষ্যত ক্লাব আৰু ফুটবল কেৰিয়াৰৰ সম্ভাৱ্য দিশসমূহৰ ওপৰত এক আলোকপাত। | archive-url = | archive-date = }}</ref> আৰু শ্ৰুতি দেৰ সৈতে থকা তেওঁৰ বন্ধুত্ব তথা ঘনিষ্ঠ সম্পৰ্কক লৈ সামাজিক মাধ্যমত বিভিন্ন চৰ্চা চলি থাকে। যদিও নাদিমে নিজৰ ব্যক্তিগত সম্পৰ্কসমূহক সদায় ব্যক্তিগত কৰি ৰাখিবলৈ পছন্দ কৰে, তথাপি এই নামসমূহক লৈ প্ৰায়ে তেওঁৰ অনুৰাগীসকলৰ মাজত বিভিন্ন জল্পনা-কল্পনা বা উৰাবাতৰি প্ৰচাৰিত হোৱা দেখা যায়। ​এগৰাকী আধুনিক ফুটবলৰ প্ৰতিভা হিচাপে নাদিমে কেৱল খেলপথাৰতে নহয়, বৰঞ্চ নিজৰ এক স্বকীয় ব্যক্তিত্বৰ জৰিয়তেও সমাজত পৰিচিত। তেওঁৰ বন্ধু-বৰ্গ আৰু সামাজিক বৃত্তত বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্ৰৰ লোকৰ সৈতে সু-সম্পৰ্ক আছে। তেওঁৰ খেলুৱৈ জীৱনৰ আৰম্ভণিৰপৰাই পৰিয়াল আৰু বন্ধু-বান্ধৱীসকলে তেওঁক মানসিকভাবে সদায় উৎসাহিত কৰি আহিছে। বৰ্তমান ২০২৬ বৰ্ষৰ ফুটবল ছিজনৰ বাবে কঠোৰ অনুশীলনত ব্যস্ত থকাৰ মাজতো নাদিমে নিজৰ ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন আৰু পেছাদাৰী দায়িত্বৰ মাজত এক সুন্দৰ ভৰসাম্য বজাই ৰাখিছে। == কেৰিয়াৰ পৰিসংখ্যা == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! ক্লাব!! ছিজন!! লীগ!! অংশগ্ৰহণ (Apps)!! গ’ল |- | [[মোহন বাগান এচি]] (যুৱ) || ২০১৩–১৭ || একাডেমি লীগ || ১১ || ০ |- | এলবাৰ্ট স্পৰ্টিং ক্লাব || ২০১৮–১৯ || চিএফএল (CFL) || ৫ || ০ |- | মিনাৰ্ভা একাডেমী এফচি || ২০১৯–২০ || ইলিট লীগ || ৩ || ০ |- | এফকে ষ্ট্ৰুগা (উত্তৰ মেচিডোনিয়া) || ২০২০–২১ || ফাৰ্ষ্ট লীগ || ০ || ০ |- | ৰাজবাৰী এথলেটিক ক্লাব || ২০২২–২৩ || গুৱাহাটী ছুপাৰ ডিভিজন || ৩ || ০ |- | আছাম ডায়নামো ক্লাব || ২০২৪–২৫ || গুৱাহাটী ছুপাৰ ডিভিজন || ৩ || ০ |- ! colspan="3" | মুঠ কেৰিয়াৰ!! ২৫!! ০ |} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://goallytics.com/player/147483647-mahrooz-siddiqui-nadim গ’লিটিক্সত মাহৰুছ নাদিমৰ পৰিসংখ্যা] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == তথ্য সংগ্ৰহ == {{Reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76610/mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-the-2022-breakout-right-back-of-guwahati-football-league Guwahati Football League Report - Sortitoutsi] * [https://goallytics.com/player/147483647-mahrooz-siddiqui-nadim Goallytics Player Profile] {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://binoyraba10.blogspot.com/2026/03/rumor-has-it-mahroos-nadims-hidden.html Media Report on Personal Life - Binoy Raba] * [https://sortitoutsi.net/content/76607/indian-midfielder-mahroos-siddiquee-nadim-becomes-free-agent-eyes-2026-season-opportunities Free Agent Status News] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মোহন বাগান এচিৰ খেলুৱৈ]] l3gx931rwvml5myvhk2gca1cdp1kp8y 14 136696 646134 600741 2026-10-19T21:29:20Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 added [[Category:দেশ অনুসৰি ব্যক্তিসকল]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646134 wikitext text/x-wiki [[শ্ৰেণী:উত্তৰ কোৰিয়া]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দেশ অনুসৰি ব্যক্তিসকল]] 5sg36qandyuc4xe7og45sj114wbwe2h 14 136697 646142 600744 2026-10-19T21:38:56Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:দেশ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[শ্ৰেণী:এছিয়াৰ দেশ]] g481rbc2xfyq3ujumw0n1cr08tl4jz2 0 136798 646219 604850 2026-10-20T11:57:25Z দিব্য দত্ত 9244 /* ২০২৬ */ 646219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Indian constituency | name = ডিমৌ | type = SLA | constituency_no = ৯৫ | map_image = Demow Assembly constituency map 2023.svg | map_caption = | state = [[অসম]] | district = [[শিৱসাগৰ জিলা|শিৱসাগৰ]] | loksabha_cons = [[যোৰহাট (লোকসভা সমষ্টি)|যোৰহাট]] | established = ২০২৩ | mla = সুশান্ত বৰগোহাঁই | party = [[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টী]] | alliance = | latest_election_year = ২০২৬ | electors = ১৭৮,৯৫৩ | reservation = নাই }} '''ডিমৌ বিধানসভা সমষ্টি''' ভাৰতৰ উত্তৰ-পূব ৰাজ্য অসমৰ ১২৬টা বিধানসভা সমষ্টিৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম। এই সমষ্টি ২০২৩ চনত নতুনকৈ গঠন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref> == নিৰ্বাচন ফলাফল == === ২০২৬ === {{Election box begin|title= [[২০২৬ৰ অসম বিধানসভা নিৰ্বাচন]]: ডিমৌ}} {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate= [[সুশান্ত বৰগোহাঁই]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes= |percentage= |change= }} {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=অজয় কুমাৰ গগৈ |party=Indian National Congress |votes= |percentage= |change= }} {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=অজয় বৰা|party=Communist Party of India|votes= |percentage= |change= }} {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=ওপৰৰ কোনো নহয়|party=None of the above (India)|None of the above|votes= |percentage= |change= }} {{Election box margin of victory |votes= |percentage= |change=}} {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}} {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = ১৭৮,৯৫৩|change = }} {{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party|loser= Indian National Congress|swing= }} {{Election box end}} ==লগেতে চওক== * [[অসম বিধানসভাৰ সমষ্টিসমূহৰ তালিকা]] == তথ্যসমূহ == {{reflist}} {{Assembly constituencies of Assam}} {{coord missing|অসম}} [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ বিধানসভা সমষ্টি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:শিৱসাগৰ জিলা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ ৰাজনীতি]] {{Assam-geo-stub}} euuqoxcl9s0oi40jkkockeh2gd9ewov 0 137938 646143 624136 2026-10-19T21:42:02Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:দেশ]]; added [[Category:ইউৰোপৰ দেশ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{পোখালি}}{{Infobox islands |name = আয়াৰলেণ্ড |local_name = {{unbulleted list|list_style=text-align:center;font-weight: normal; |{{native name|ga|Éire}} |{{native name|sco-ulster|Airlann}} }} |image_name = File:Ireland (MODIS).jpg |image_caption = ২০১০ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত তোলা আয়াৰলেণ্ডৰ আলোকচিত্ৰ |image_alt = আয়াৰলেণ্ডৰ উপগ্ৰহ চিত্ৰ |map_image = Map of Ireland in Europe.svg |map_caption = {{map caption|country<!--island-->={{nobold|আয়াৰলেণ্ড}}|location_color=dark green|region=ইউৰোপ|region_color=dark grey}} |location = উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম ইউৰোপ |coordinates = {{Coord|53|N|8|W|type:country_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} |archipelago = [[ব্ৰিটিছ দ্বীপপুঞ্জ]] |waterbody = আটলাণ্টিক মহাসাগৰ |area_km2 = 84421 |area_footnotes = <ref name="irlgeog">{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.ie/en/essays/geography.html |title=Geography of Ireland |publisher=[[Government of Ireland]] |access-date=11 November 2009 |last=Nolan |first=William |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124012641/http://www.gov.ie/en/essays/geography.html |archive-date=24 November 2009 |archivedate=24 November 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124012641/http://www.gov.ie/en/essays/geography.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> |rank = ২০তম<ref name="royle">{{cite journal |last=Royle |first=Stephen A. |title=Beyond the boundaries in the island of Ireland |journal=Journal of Marine and Island Cultures |volume=1 |issue=2 |date=December 2012 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.005|doi-access=free |bibcode=2012JMICu...1...91R }}</ref> |coastline_km = 7,527 |coastline_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.heritagecouncil.ie/content/files/irish_coastal_habitats_impacts_conservation_areas_1998_2mb.pdf |title=Irish Coastal Habitats: A Study of Impacts on Designated Conservation Areas |website=heritagecouncil.ie |publisher=Heritage Council |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-date=3 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203160047/https://www.heritagecouncil.ie/content/files/irish_coastal_habitats_impacts_conservation_areas_1998_2mb.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Neilson |first1=Brigitte |last2=Costello |first2=Mark J. |title=The Relative Lengths of Seashore Substrata Around the Coastline of Ireland as Determined by Digital Methods in a Geographical Information System |url=https://archive.org/details/estuarine-coastal-and-shelf-science_1999-10_49_4/page/501 |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |date=1999 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=501–508 |doi=10.1006/ecss.1999.0507 |bibcode=1999ECSS...49..501N }}</ref> |highest_mount = [[Carrauntoohil]] |demonym = আইৰিছ |elevation_m = 1041 |country = [[আয়াৰলেণ্ড গণৰাজ্য]] |country_largest_city = [[ডাবলিন]], জনসংখ্যা: ১,৪৫৮,১৫৪ (মহানগৰীয় অঞ্চল, ২০২২)<ref>{{cite news |title=Population at Each Census by Sex and County, 1841 to 2022 |url=https://data.cso.ie/table/FY001}}</ref> |country_largest_city_type = চহৰ |country1 = [[যুক্তৰাজ্য]] |country1_admin_divisions_title = [[যুক্তৰাজ্যৰ দেশসমূহ|দেশ]] |country1_admin_divisions = [[উত্তৰ আয়াৰলেণ্ড]] |country1_largest_city = [[বেলফাষ্ট]], জনসংখ্যা: ৬৭১,৫৫৯ (মহানগৰীয় অঞ্চল, ২০১১)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.planningni.gov.uk/downloads/volume_1_-_plan_strategy___framework-2.pdf|title=Belfast Metropolitan Area Plan|website=Planningni.gov|access-date=11 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107013522/https://www.planningni.gov.uk/downloads/volume_1_-_plan_strategy___framework-2.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live|archivedate=7 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107013522/https://www.planningni.gov.uk/downloads/volume_1_-_plan_strategy___framework-2.pdf|deadurl=yes}}</ref> |country1_largest_city_type = চহৰ |population = 7,185,600 |population_as_of = ২০২৩ চনৰ আনুমানিক হিচাপ |population_footnotes = {{efn|চাৰিওফালৰ সৰু দ্বীপসমূহকে ধৰি}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and Migration Estimates, April 2023 |date=25 September 2023 |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-pme/populationandmigrationestimatesapril2023/ |publisher=Central Statistics Office |access-date=17 January 2024 |archive-date=25 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925143020/https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-pme/populationandmigrationestimatesapril2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |population_rank = ১৯তম (দ্বীপসমূহৰ ভিতৰত) |density_km2 = 82.2 |languages = {{cslist |[[হাইবাৰ্নো-ইংৰাজী|ইংৰাজী]] |[[আইৰিছ ভাষা|আইৰিছ]] |[[Irish Sign Language|আইৰিছ সাংকেতিক ভাষা (ISL)]] |[[Ulster Scots dialect|আলষ্টাৰ স্কটছ]] |[[Northern Ireland Sign Language|উত্তৰ আয়াৰলেণ্ড সাংকেতিক ভাষা (NISL)]] |[[Shelta]] }} |ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |90.0% [[শ্বেতাংগ]] |2.8% [[এছীয়]] |1.2% [[কৃষ্ণাংগ]] |0.3% [[আৰব]] |1.2% অন্যান্য ({{inc.}} [[বহুজাতিক জনগোষ্ঠী|মিশ্ৰ]]) |4.5% উল্লেখ কৰা হোৱা নাই<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.cso.ie/table/FY023 |title=Population Usually Resident and Present in the State |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office]] |date=30 May 2023 |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531023003/https://data.cso.ie/table/FY023 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-ethnic-group.pdf|date=September 2022 |title=Census 2021 Main statistics for Northern Ireland, Statistical bulletin, Ethnic group |publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency |page=4 |access-date=7 October 2023 |archive-date=5 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205220600/https://www.nisra.gov.uk/system/files/statistics/census-2021-main-statistics-for-northern-ireland-phase-1-statistical-bulletin-ethnic-group.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> }} |timezone1 = [[গ্ৰিনউইচ গড় সময়]] |utc_offset1 = +0 |timezone1_DST = {{indented plainlist| * [[আইৰিছ মান সময়]] * [[ব্ৰিটিছ গ্ৰীষ্মকালীন সময়]] }} |utc_offset1_DST = +1 |footnotes = }} '''আয়াৰলেণ্ড'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Ireland.ogg|ˈ|aɪər|l|ən|d}}, {{respell|IRE|lənd}}; {{langx|ga|[[Éire]]}} {{IPA|ga|ˈeːɾʲə||Ga-Éire.oga}}; [[Ulster Scots dialect|আলষ্টাৰ-স্কটছ]]: {{lang|sco|Airlann}} {{IPA|sco|ˈɑːrlən|}}}} উত্তৰ [[আটলাণ্টিক মহাসাগৰ]]ৰ [[উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম ইউৰোপ]]ত অৱস্থিত এখন দ্বীপ। ভূ-ৰাজনৈতিকভাৱে দ্বীপখন [[আয়াৰলেণ্ড গণৰাজ্য]] (আনুষ্ঠানিক নাম [[Names of the Irish state|আয়াৰলেণ্ড]]){{snd}}যিয়ে দ্বীপখনৰ প্ৰায় পাঁচ-ষষ্ঠাংশ সামৰি থকা এখন সাৰ্বভৌম ৰাষ্ট্ৰ{{snd}}আৰু [[উত্তৰ আয়াৰলেণ্ড]] (যি [[যুক্তৰাজ্য]]ৰ অংশ আৰু অৱশিষ্ট এক-ষষ্ঠাংশ অঞ্চল সামৰি আছে)ৰ মাজত বিভক্ত। ইয়াৰ পূবে অৱস্থিত [[গ্ৰেট ব্ৰিটেইন]]ৰ পৰা [[North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)|উত্তৰ চেনেল]], [[আইৰিছ সাগৰ]] আৰু [[St George's Channel|ছেইণ্ট জৰ্জ চেনেল]]ে পৃথক কৰি ৰাখিছে। আয়াৰলেণ্ড [[List of islands of the British Isles|ব্ৰিটিছ দ্বীপপুঞ্জৰ দ্বিতীয় বৃহত্তম দ্বীপ]], [[List of European islands by area|ইউৰোপৰ তৃতীয় বৃহত্তম]] আৰু [[List of islands by area|বিশ্বৰ বিংশতম বৃহত্তম]] দ্বীপ।<ref name="unep">{{cite web |url=http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm |title=Islands by Area |date=18 February 1998 |website=[[UN System-Wide Earthwatch]] |publisher=[[United Nations Environment Programme]] |access-date=20 February 2026 |archive-date=14 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214191720/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm |url-status=dead |archivedate=20 February 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220003634/http://islands.unep.ch/Tiarea.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ হিচাপমতে সমগ্ৰ দ্বীপখনৰ জনসংখ্যা ৭০ লাখতকৈ সামান্য অধিক; ইয়াৰে ৫১ লাখ [[আয়াৰলেণ্ড গণৰাজ্য]]ত আৰু ১৯ লাখ [[উত্তৰ আয়াৰলেণ্ড]]ত বাস কৰে। এই হিচাপত [[List of European islands by population|গ্ৰেট ব্ৰিটেইনৰ পিছতেই ই ইউৰোপৰ দ্বিতীয় সৰ্বাধিক জনবসতিপূৰ্ণ দ্বীপ]]।<ref name="2022population">The 2022 population of the Republic of Ireland was 5,123,536 and that of Northern Ireland in 2021 was 1,903,100. These are Census data from the official governmental statistics agencies in the respective jurisdictions: * {{cite web |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpr/censusofpopulation2022-preliminaryresults/introduction/ |title=Census of Population 2022 – Preliminary Results |author=Central Statistics Office, Ireland |publisher=Central Statistics Office, Ireland |location=Dublin |date=23 June 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=23 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623114218/https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpr/censusofpopulation2022-preliminaryresults/introduction/ |url-status=live }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/census/2021-census |title=2021 Census |author=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency |publisher=Department of Finance |location=Belfast |date=2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |archive-date=3 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703182652/https://www.nisra.gov.uk/statistics/census/2021-census |url-status=live }}</ref> আয়াৰলেণ্ডৰ [[geography of Ireland|ভূগোল]] মূলতঃ এটা কেন্দ্ৰীয় সমভূমিক আগুৰি থকা তুলনামূলকভাৱে নিম্ন উচ্চতাৰ পৰ্বতমালাৰে গঠিত। এই সমভূমিৰ মাজেৰে [[Rivers of Ireland|কেইবাখনো নৌ-চলাচলযোগ্য নদী]] অন্তৰ্ভাগলৈ বৈ গৈছে। [[Middle Ages|মধ্যযুগ]]ৰ অন্তিম পৰ্যায়লৈকে আয়াৰলেণ্ডৰ বৃহৎ অংশ ঘন অৰণ্যৰে আৱৃত আছিল। বৰ্তমান দ্বীপখনৰ প্ৰায় ১০% অঞ্চল বনাঞ্চল, যি ইউৰোপৰ গড় ৩৩%তকৈ বহু কম;<ref name=forest>{{cite web |url=https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/media/migration/forestry/forestservicegeneralinformation/ForestStatisticsIreland2017090318.pdf |title=Forest Statistics – Ireland 2017 |publisher=[[Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine]] |access-date=29 January 2019 |pages=3, 63 |archive-date=20 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020021739/https://www.agriculture.gov.ie/media/migration/forestry/forestservicegeneralinformation/ForestStatisticsIreland2017090318.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> আৰু ইয়াৰ অধিকাংশেই স্থানীয় নহোৱা শংকুজাতীয় গছৰ ৰোপণ বন।<ref name=forest2>[https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/native-trees-cover-just-2-of-ireland-how-can-this-be-increased-1.3553824 "Native trees cover just 2% of Ireland. How can this be increased?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304164603/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/native-trees-cover-just-2-of-ireland-how-can-this-be-increased-1.3553824 |date=4 March 2020 }}. ''[[The Irish Times]]'', 6 July 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019.</ref><ref name=forest3>[https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/ireland-s-native-woodlands-are-quietly-disappearing-1.3529317 "Ireland's native woodlands are quietly disappearing"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216190001/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/ireland-s-native-woodlands-are-quietly-disappearing-1.3529317 |date=16 February 2019 }}. ''[[The Irish Times]]'', 19 June 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2019.</ref> ইয়াৰ সেউজীয়া উদ্ভিদ আৱৰণৰ মূল কাৰণ হৈছে [[Climate of Ireland|ইয়াৰ মৃদু জলবায়ু]], যিটো আটলাণ্টিক মহাসাগৰৰ দ্বাৰা গভীৰভাৱে প্ৰভাৱিত। ফলস্বৰূপে ইয়াৰ জলবায়ু অতি নাতিশীতোষ্ণ;<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/climate-of-ireland.asp |title=Climate of Ireland |date=16 April 2018 |publisher={{lang|ga|[[Met Éireann]]}} The Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage |access-date=20 February 2026 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416152239/https://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/climate-of-ireland.asp |archive-date=16 April 2018 |archivedate=16 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416152239/https://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/climate-of-ireland.asp |deadurl=yes }}</ref> এই অক্ষাংশৰ তুলনাত ইয়াৰ শীতকাল তুলনামূলকভাৱে মৃদু, যদিও গ্ৰীষ্মকাল মহাদেশীয় ইউৰোপতকৈ শীতল। দ্বীপখনত প্ৰচুৰ বৰষুণ আৰু ডাৱৰীয়া বতৰ দেখা যায়। [[Gaelic Ireland|গেইলিক আয়াৰলেণ্ড]] খ্ৰীষ্টীয় প্ৰথম শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত গঢ় লৈ উঠিছিল। পঞ্চম শতিকাৰ পৰা দ্বীপখনত [[Christianisation of Ireland|খ্ৰীষ্টধৰ্মৰ প্ৰসাৰ]] আৰম্ভ হয়। সেই সময়ত আয়াৰলেণ্ড বহু সৰু সৰু ৰজাৰ অধীনত বিভক্ত আছিল। এই ক্ষুদ্ৰ ৰাজ্যসমূহ পুনৰ [[Provinces of Ireland|পাৰম্পৰিক প্ৰদেশ]]সমূহৰ ({{lang|ga|Cúige}}; {{lit.|পঞ্চমাংশ}}) ৰজাসকলৰ অধীনস্থ আছিল। এই প্ৰাদেশিক ৰজাসকলে প্ৰাধান্য বিস্তাৰ আৰু [[High King of Ireland|আয়াৰলেণ্ডৰ উচ্চ ৰজা]] উপাধি লাভৰ বাবে ইজনে সিজনৰ সৈতে প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা কৰিছিল। অষ্টম শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালৰ পৰা একাদশ শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিলৈকে [[Viking Age|ভাইকিংসকলৰ আক্ৰমণ আৰু বসতি স্থাপন]] চলি আছিল। ইয়াৰ পৰিসমাপ্তি ঘটে ১০১৪ চনৰ ২৩ এপ্ৰিলত সংঘটিত [[Battle of Clontarf|ক্লণ্টাৰ্ফৰ যুদ্ধ]]ত, যাৰ ফলত আয়াৰলেণ্ডত ভাইকিংসকলৰ আধিপত্যৰ অন্ত পৰে। দ্বাদশ শতিকাত সংঘটিত [[Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland|এংলো-নৰ্মান আক্ৰমণ]]ৰ পাছত [[Kingdom of England|ইংলেণ্ড ৰাজ্যই]] আয়াৰলেণ্ডৰ ওপৰত সাৰ্বভৌমত্ব দাবী কৰে। কিন্তু ষোড়শ আৰু সপ্তদশ শতিকাত সংঘটিত [[Tudor conquest of Ireland|টিউডৰ বিজয় অভিযান]]ৰ পূৰ্বলৈকে ইংৰাজ শাসন সমগ্ৰ দ্বীপখনলৈ বিস্তৃত হোৱা নাছিল। এই বিজয়ৰ ফলত [[Plantations of Ireland|ব্ৰিটেইনৰ পৰা অহা উপনিবেশ স্থাপনকাৰীসকলৰ বসতি স্থাপন]] আৰম্ভ হয়। ১৬৯০-ৰ দশকত [[Protestant Ascendancy|প্ৰটেষ্টাণ্ট ইংৰাজ শাসনব্যৱস্থা]] এনেদৰে গঢ়ি তোলা হয় যাতে [[Catholic|কেথলিক]] সংখ্যাগৰিষ্ঠ জনগোষ্ঠী আৰু [[English Dissenters|মতভিন্ন প্ৰটেষ্টাণ্টসকল]] বৈষয়িকভাৱে বঞ্চিত হয়। অষ্টাদশ শতিকাত এই ব্যৱস্থা অধিক বিস্তৃত কৰা হয়। ১৮০১ চনত [[Acts of Union 1800|সংযুক্তিকৰণ আইন]] কাৰ্যকৰী হোৱাৰ লগে লগে আয়াৰলেণ্ড [[Countries of the United Kingdom|যুক্তৰাজ্যৰ]] অংশত পৰিণত হয়। ১৮৪০-ৰ দশকৰ [[Great Famine (Ireland)|মহাদুৰ্ভিক্ষ]]ৰ ফলত মৃত্যু আৰু ব্যাপক প্ৰব্ৰজনৰ বাবে জনসংখ্যা ২০%তকৈ অধিক হ্ৰাস পায়। বিংশ শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিতে সংঘটিত [[Irish War of Independence|আয়াৰলেণ্ডৰ স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ]]ৰ পিছত [[Partition of Ireland|দ্বীপখন বিভক্ত]] কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ ফলত [[Irish Free State|আইৰিছ মুক্ত ৰাজ্য]] গঠন হয়, যিখন পৰৱৰ্তী কেইবাটাও দশকত ক্ৰমাৎ অধিক সাৰ্বভৌম হৈ উঠে আৰু অৱশেষত ১৯৪৮ চনত (''Republic of Ireland Act, 1948''-ৰ অধীনত) নিজকে এখন গণৰাজ্য হিচাপে ঘোষণা কৰে। আনহাতে, [[উত্তৰ আয়াৰলেণ্ড]] যুক্তৰাজ্যৰ অংশ হিচাপেই থাকি যায়। উত্তৰ আয়াৰলেণ্ডত ১৯৬০-ৰ দশকৰ শেষৰ ফালৰ পৰা ১৯৯০-ৰ দশকলৈকে [[The Troubles|দীৰ্ঘস্থায়ী সাম্প্ৰদায়িক আৰু ৰাজনৈতিক সংঘাত]] চলি আছিল। ১৯৯৮ চনত [[Good Friday Agreement|গুড ফ্ৰাইডে চুক্তি]] স্বাক্ষৰিত হোৱাৰ পিছত এই সংঘাত যথেষ্ট হ্ৰাস পায়। ১৯৭৩ চনত আয়াৰলেণ্ড গণৰাজ্য আৰু যুক্তৰাজ্য (উত্তৰ আয়াৰলেণ্ডসহ) [[European Economic Community|ইউৰোপীয় অৰ্থনৈতিক সম্প্ৰদায়]]ত যোগদান কৰে। ২০১৬ চনৰ গণভোটৰ ফলস্বৰূপে যুক্তৰাজ্যে, উত্তৰ আয়াৰলেণ্ডক সামৰি, ২০২০ চনত [[ইউৰোপীয় সংঘ]] (EU) ত্যাগ কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতো উত্তৰ আয়াৰলেণ্ডক এক সীমিত বিশেষ মৰ্যাদা প্ৰদান কৰা হয়, যাৰ ফলত ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ সদস্য নোহোৱাকৈও সামগ্ৰীৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত ইউৰোপীয় সংঘৰ একক বজাৰৰ অন্তৰ্গত হৈ থাকিব পাৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brexit Questions and Answers {{!}} Northern Ireland Assembly |url=http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/assembly-business/brexit-and-beyond/brexit-questions-and-answers/ |access-date=31 July 2023 |website=www.niassembly.gov.uk |language=en-GB |archive-date=27 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727205102/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/assembly-business/brexit-and-beyond/brexit-questions-and-answers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Irish culture|আইৰিছ সংস্কৃতি]]য়ে, বিশেষকৈ [[Irish literature|সাহিত্য]]ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত, বিশ্বৰ অন্যান্য সংস্কৃতিৰ ওপৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য প্ৰভাৱ পেলাইছে। মূলধাৰাৰ [[Western culture|পাশ্চাত্য সংস্কৃতি]]ৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে দ্বীপখনত এক শক্তিশালী থলুৱা সংস্কৃতিও বিদ্যমান। এই সংস্কৃতি [[Gaelic games|গেইলিক ক্ৰীড়া]], [[Irish music|আইৰিছ সংগীত]], [[Irish language|আইৰিছ ভাষা]] আৰু [[Irish dance|আইৰিছ নৃত্য]]ৰ মাজেৰে প্ৰকাশ পাইছে। দ্বীপখনৰ সংস্কৃতিয়ে ইংৰাজী ভাষা আৰু এছ'চিয়েশ্যন ফুটবল, ৰাগবি, ঘোঁৰাৰ দৌৰ, গ'লফ আৰু বক্সিঙৰ দৰে ক্ৰীড়াকে ধৰি গ্ৰেট ব্ৰিটেইনৰ সংস্কৃতিৰ সৈতে বহুতো বৈশিষ্ট্য ভাগ-বতৰা কৰে। {{TOC limit|limit=3}} == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} == টোকা == {{notelist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইউৰোপৰ দেশ]] 49et8iuhll8i8pkaod9u7nj7jxwlbep 0 137990 646196 624512 2026-10-20T08:25:49Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}} {{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}} {{Infobox person | name = নগেন্দ্ৰনাথ বসু | image = Nagendranath Basu (b.1866)- নগেন্দ্রনাথ বসু.png | alt = | caption = নগেন্দ্ৰনাথ বসু ১৯৩০ চন-১৯৪০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিত | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1866|07|06|df=y}} | birth_place = মহেশ গাঁও, [[হুগলী জিলা|হুগলী]], [[বংগ]], ব্ৰিটিছ ভাৰত (বৰ্তমান [[হুগলী জিলা|হুগলী]], [[পশ্চিম বংগ]], [[ভাৰত]]) | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1938|10|11|1866|07|06}} | death_place = [[কলকাতা]], [[বংগ]], ব্ৰিটিছ ভাৰত (বৰ্তমান [[কলকাতা]], [[পশ্চিম বংগ]], ভাৰত) | other_names = | occupation = ·[[Encyclopedia|বিশ্বকোষবিদ]]<br/>·[[প্ৰত্নতত্ত্ববিদ]]<br/>·[[কৰ্মী]]<br/>·[[ঐতিহাসিক]] | years_active = | known_for = | notable_works = ''শব্দেন্দু মহাকোষ (১৮৮৪)''<br/>''বাংলা বিশ্বকোষ (১৮৮৫)''<br/>''উত্তৰৰহিয়া কায়স্থ কাণ্ড (১৯১০)''<br /> ''বঙ্গেৰ জাতীয় ইতিহাস (১৯১১)'' }} '''নগেন্দ্ৰনাথ বসু''' ({{lang-en|Nagendranath Basu}}; ৬ জুলাই ১৮৬৬ – ১১ অক্টোবৰ ১৯৩৮) এজন বাংলা ভাষাৰ<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Basu, Nagendranath|encyclopedia=[[Banglapedia]]|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Basu,_Nagendranath|first=Dulal|last=Bhowmik|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118081647/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Basu,_Nagendranath|archive-date=18 November 2018|access-date=15 July 2026|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite book|url=https://brill.com/view/title/32088|title=Cultural Constellations, Place-Making and Ethnicity in Eastern India, c. 1850-1927|last=Gupta|first=Swarupa|date=2018-01-01|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-34976-6|language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref>বিশ্বকোষবিদ, পুৰাতত্ত্ববিদ, জাতীয়তাবাদী সমাজ ইতিহাসবিদ আৰু কায়স্থ কৰ্মী আছিল।<ref name="Ghosh 336–355">{{cite journal | last=Ghosh | first=Nabaparna | title=INHERITING caste: the judicial construction of Bengali Kayastha caste identity in inheritance settlements in colonial Calcutta | journal=South Asian History and Culture | volume=14 | issue=3 | date=2023-07-03 | issn=1947-2498 | doi=10.1080/19472498.2022.2095597 | pages=336–355}}</ref> ==প্ৰাথমিক জীৱন== বেংগল প্ৰেছিডেন্সীৰ হুগলী জিলাত অৱস্থিত মহেশ গাঁৱত নগেন্দ্ৰনাথৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=":2" /> এক বাঙালী কায়স্থ পৰিয়ালত তেখেতৰ জন্ম৷ তেখেত আশুতোষ দেৱৰ ভগ্নী তাৰিনিৰ প্ৰপৌত্ৰ আছিল।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chakravarty|first=Ishita|date=2019-10-01|title=Owners, creditors and traders: Women in late colonial Calcutta|journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review|language=en|volume=56|issue=4|pages=427–456|doi=10.1177/0019464619873800|s2cid=210540783|issn=0019-4646}}</ref> ==কায়স্থ সভা== ১৯০২ চনত বসুৱে কায়স্থ সভা প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। বসুৱে কায়স্থ পত্ৰিকাৰ বাবে লিখিছিল, ই সংস্থাৰ মুখপত্ৰ আছিল আৰু তাত তেওঁ কায়স্থ শব্দটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল যাৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে চাৰিটা সৰু সৰু এককৰে গঠিত বৈচিত্ৰ্যময় জাতি।<ref name="Ghosh 336–355"/> == কেৰিয়াৰ == === পুৰাতত্ত্ব আৰু সংগ্ৰাহক === নগেন্দ্ৰনাথ উৰিষ্যা চৰকাৰৰ ময়ুৰভঞ্জ জিলাৰ এজন চৰকাৰী জৰীপকাৰী আছিল,<ref name=":7" /> আৰু তেওঁ প্ৰত্নতাত্ত্বিক অৱশিষ্টসমূহ পৰীক্ষা কৰিবলৈ বহু ভ্ৰমণ কৰিছিল, অসংখ্য ভাস্কৰ্য্য, মুদ্ৰা আৰু শিলালিপি সংকলন কৰিছিল।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XFzjSSnT5NUC |title=Monuments, Objects, Histories, Institutions of Art in Colonial and Post-Colonial India|last=Guha-Thakurta |first=Tapati |publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-231-50351-8|location=New York|pages=124–25|language=en |chapter=Between the nation and the region: The locations of a Bengali archaeologist|doi=10.7312/guha12998-006|jstor=10.7312/guha12998.9}}</ref> এই অভিযানসমূহৰ অধিকাংশই স্ব-পুঁজিৰে চলিছিল আৰু সংগ্ৰহসমূহ বঙ্গীয় সাহিত্য পৰিষদক দান কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":6" /> তেখেতৰ বাংলা, সংস্কৃত আৰু উড়িয়া ভাষাৰ প্ৰাচীন পাণ্ডুলিপি (পুথি‍)ৰ বিপুল সংগ্ৰহ আছিল, তেখেতে সেইবোৰৰ বেছিভাগেই ৰাজপথৰ বিক্ৰেতাৰ পৰা সংগ্ৰহ কৰি কলিকতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ বাংলা বিভাগত পুথিভঁৰাল আৰম্ভ কৰিবলৈ সুবিধা কৰি দিছিল।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrF5DwAAQBAJ|title=Print and Publishing in Colonial Bengal: The Journey of Bidyasundar|last=Roy|first=Tapti|date=2018-11-13|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-429-67351-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bose|first=Neilesh|date=2014-04-03|title=Remapping Muslim literary culture: folklore, Bulbul, and world-making in late colonial Bengal|journal=South Asian History and Culture|volume=5|issue=2|pages=214|doi=10.1080/19472498.2014.883759|s2cid=144553041|issn=1947-2498}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ghosh|first=Anindita|date=2016-08-01|title=Cheap Books, 'Bad' Books: Contesting Print-Cultures in Colonial Bengal|journal=South Asia Research|language=en|volume=18|issue=2|pages=181|doi=10.1177/026272809801800204|s2cid=144629291}}</ref> === সাহিত্য === কবিতা আৰু উপন্যাসেৰে সাহিত্যিক জীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰা বসু অতি সোনকালেই সম্পাদনাৰ লগত ব্যাপকভাৱে জড়িত হৈ পৰে।<ref name=":0" /> ==== সম্পাদক ==== ===== জাৰ্নেল ===== বসুৱে একাধিক আলোচনী সম্পাদনা কৰিছিল — স্থানীয় ভাষাৰ মাহেকীয়া কাকত তপস্বিনী আৰু ভাৰত, সাহিত্য পৰিষদ পত্ৰিকা, বঙ্গীয় সাহিত্য পৰিষদৰ মুখপত্ৰ আৰু কায়স্থ, কায়স্থ সভা (যিখন তেখেতে‍ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল)ৰ প্ৰকাশ।<ref name=":0" /> ===== কিতাপ আৰু পাঠ্যগ্ৰন্থ ===== তেওঁ একাধিক সমসাময়িক বাংলা লেখকৰ সম্পাদক হিচাপেও কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল আৰু অসংখ্য মধ্যযুগৰ বাংলা শাস্ত্ৰীয় গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল — জয়নন্দৰ চৈতন্য মংগলা, ৰঘুনাথ ভাগৱত আচাৰ্যৰ কৃষ্ণ প্ৰেম তৰংগিনী, বঙ্গীয় সাহিত্য পৰিষদৰ জৰিয়তে কাশী-পৰিক্ৰামা ইত্যাদি।<ref name=":2">[https://books.google.com/books?id=QVOFAAAAQBAJ Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis], Kunal Chakrabarti, Shubhra Chakrabarti, Scarecrow Press, 2013, p. 83</ref><ref name=":0" /> নগেন্দ্ৰনাথক পাঠ্যপুথি সমিতিলৈও মনোনীত কৰা হৈছিল৷<ref name=":7" /> =====''বাংলা বিশ্বকোষ''===== ১৯ শতিকাৰ শেষৰ ফালে বসুৱে বাংলা বিশ্বকোষৰ সংকলনকাৰী হিচাপে ব্যাপক স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰে<ref name=":0" />, যিটো বাংলা ভাষাৰ (সেই সময়ত) অন্যতম সম্পূৰ্ণ বিশ্বকোষ আছিল।<ref name=":1" /> বাংলা বিশ্বকোষৰ প্ৰথম খণ্ডটো ১৮৮৭ চনত ত্ৰ‍ৈলোক্যনাথ মুখোপাধ্যায়ে (আৰু তেওঁৰ ভাতৃ ৰঙ্গলালে) সংকলন কৰিছিল; কিন্তু তাৰ পাছৰ সকলো খণ্ড নগেন্দ্ৰনাথে সংকলন আৰু প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল, যিটোত তেখেত ১৮৮৮ চনৰ পৰা ১৯১১ চনত ২২ সংখ্যক (আৰু শেষ) খণ্ড প্ৰকাশ হোৱালৈকে জডি়ত হৈ‍ আছিল।<ref name=":1" /> ১৯১৬ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩১ চনলৈকে নগেন্দ্ৰনাথে হিন্দী ভাষাত ২৪ খণ্ডৰ এক অনুবাদ সংকলন কৰি প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref name=":1" /> ১৯৩৩ চনৰ পৰা তেখেত দ্বিতীয়টো হিন্দী সংস্কৰণ সংকলনত মনোনিৱেশ কৰে; কিন্তু তেখেতৰ মৃত্যুৰ আগতে মাত্ৰ চাৰিটা খণ্ডহে প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল আৰু প্ৰকল্পটো এতিয়াও অসম্পূৰ্ণ হৈ আছে।<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti|last=Datta|first=Amaresh|date=1988|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=978-81-260-1194-0|pages=1162|language=en}}</ref> =====''বংগেৰ জাতীয় ইতিহাস''===== বহু খণ্ডৰ এই গ্ৰন্থখন কুলাপাঞ্জিকাৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত আছিল — ই বিশিষ্ট পৰিয়ালৰ বংশাৱলীৰ ইতিহাস, আৰু তেতিয়াৰ পৰাই ইয়াক মেগনাম অপাছ হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Majumdar|first=Rochona|date=November 2004|title=Looking for Brides and Grooms: Ghataks, Matrimnials, and the Marriage Market in Colonial Calcutts, circa 1875–1940|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-asian-studies_2004-11_63_4/page/911|journal=The Journal of Asian Studies|language=en|volume=63|issue=4|pages=911–935|doi=10.1017/S0021911804002360|issn=1752-0401|jstor=4133195|s2cid=162654406}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199468232.001.0001/acprof-9780199468232-chapter-3|title=Promises and Politics of a New Nation: 1912–25|last=Ghosh|first=Semanti|date=2016-11-17|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-908738-9|language=en-US|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199468232.001.0001}}</ref> ১৯১১ চনৰ পৰা ১৯৩৩ চনলৈকে ইয়াক ক্ৰমাগতভাৱে প্ৰকাশ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Chatterjee|first=Kumkum|date=2005-12-01|title=The King of Controversy: History and Nation-Making in Late Colonial India|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_2005-12_110_5/page/1454|journal=The American Historical Review|language=en|volume=110|issue=5|pages=1454–1475|doi=10.1086/ahr.110.5.1454|issn=0002-8762|jstor=10.1086/ahr.110.5.1454|doi-access=free}}</ref> বসুৱে দেশৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰান্তৰ ঘটক (মেচমেকাৰ)ৰ পৰা এই কুলাপাঞ্জিকাসমূহ গোটাইছিল, যিয়ে বাঙালী সমাজত পেছাদাৰী বংশাৱলীবিদ হিচাপে উচ্চ প্ৰশংসা লাভ কৰিছিল (সমাজৰ মৰ্যাদাৰ বিবাদৰ মধ্যস্থতা কৰাৰ পৰিসৰলৈকে) আৰু ফলপ্ৰসূভাৱে সামাজিক স্মৃতিৰ আহিলা হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /> তেওঁৰ ৰচনাৰ উৎস সামগ্ৰীৰ ঐতিহাসিকতাক সমসাময়িক পেছাদাৰী ইতিহাসবিদসকলৰ গৰিষ্ঠসংখ্যকে প্ৰায় সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে নাকচ কৰিছিল য'ত আছিল অক্ষয় কুমাৰ মৈত্ৰেয়, ৰামপ্ৰসাদ চন্দ, আৰ চি মজুমদাৰ, আৰ ডি বেনাৰ্জী আৰু অন্যান্য যুক্তিবাদী-ধনাত্মকবাদী চিন্তাধাৰাৰ অন্তৰ্গত লোকসকল।<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chakrabarty|first=Dipesh|date=2004-04-01|title=Reviews|journal=Postcolonial Studies|volume=7|issue=1|pages=127|doi=10.1080/1368879042000210630|s2cid=219728597|issn=1368-8790}}</ref> কাহিনীবোৰ কেৱল জাতি ভিত্তিক সুকীয়া ছাপ থকা আৱেগিক পদ্যই নহয়, ইটোৱে সিটোৰ লগত প্ৰায়ে বিৰোধিতা কৰিছিল, তাৰিখ নিৰ্ণয়ৰ ভুলৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছিল আৰু প্ৰত্নতাত্ত্বিক প্ৰমাণৰ দ্বাৰাও সমৰ্থন কৰিব পৰা হোৱা নাছিল।<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Chakravarti|first=Bisweswar|title=Raja Ganesa—A Myth|date=1955|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=18|pages=159|issn=2249-1937|jstor=44137373}}</ref> কিন্তু বসু আৰু আনসকলে ৰোমান্টিক নেটিভিষ্ট স্কুল অনুসৰণ কৰিছিল আৰু সেইবোৰক থলুৱা সামাজিক ইতিহাসৰ এক ভঁৰাল হিচাপে গণ্য কৰিছিল, য’ত ইতিহাসৰ অৰ্থ কেৱল বংশ শাসক আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ ৰৈখিক কালক্ৰম নহয় বৰঞ্চ স্থানীয় জাতি-সমাজ (সমাজা)ৰ নিজস্ব পৌৰাণিক কাহিনী, পৰম্পৰা আৰু বস্তুগত কৃতিত্বৰ সম্পূৰ্ণতাহে, যিটো জনসাধাৰণৰ অভিজ্ঞতা আৰু কুলাপাঞ্জিকাত প্ৰতিফলিত হয়।<ref name=":3" /> বিভিন্ন কুলাপাঞ্জিকাৰ পৰা পোৱা সামগ্ৰীসমূহ আত্মসাৎ কৰি বহল বাঙালী সমাজৰ ইতিহাস গঠন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|url=https://brill.com/view/title/15737|title=Notions of Nationhood in Bengal: Perspectives on Samaj, c. 1867-1905|last=Gupta|first=Swarupa|date=2009-06-24|publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]]|isbn=978-90-474-2958-6|language=en|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ===== অন্যান্য সমাজ ইতিহাস ===== বসুৱে বিভিন্ন স্থানীয় জাতি-সমাজৰ বংশাৱলীৰ ইতিহাসক একত্ৰিত কৰি উত্তৰ ৰহৰ (উত্তৰ বংগৰ এটা ভৌগোলিক অঞ্চল) উপ-আঞ্চলিক ইতিহাস উত্তৰৰহিয়া কায়স্থ কাণ্ড (১৯১০) লিখিছিল।<ref name=":7" /> বৰ্ধমান আৰু কামৰূপৰ আঞ্চলিক ইতিহাসৰ ওপৰত এটা খণ্ডও একে ধৰণেৰে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" />স্থানীয় অভিজাত, ৰাজহ আৰু জমিদাৰসকলে বিভিন্ন ৰূপত তেওঁক পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল।<ref name=":7" /> ====সানমিহলি==== বসুৱে বংগৰ সংগীত ঐতিহ্যৰ বিষয়ে‍ বহুকেইটা খণ্ড ৰচনা আৰু সম্পাদনা কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Chaudhuri|first=Narayan|date=1973|title=Musical Literature of Bengal|journal=Indian Literature|volume=16|issue=1/2|pages=14–27|issn=0019-5804|jstor=24157426}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Williams|first=Richard David|date=2016-12-28|title=Music, Lyrics, and the Bengali Book: Hindustani Musicology in Calcutta, 1818–1905|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/642689|journal=Music and Letters|language=en|volume=97|issue=3|pages=465–495|doi=10.1093/ml/gcw071|s2cid=102338324|issn=1477-4631|url-access=|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==অভিযোগ== বসুৰ ঐতিহাসিক পদ্ধতিক প্ৰত্যাহ্বান জনোৱা হৈছে। ভাৰতত মুছলমান শাসনৰ প্ৰতি তেওঁৰ প্ৰবল বিদ্বেষ আৰু তেতিয়াৰ প্ৰচলিত জাতিগত স্তৰক সামাজিক ব্যৱস্থা হিচাপে কঠোৰভাৱে গ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ বাবে‍ তেওঁৰ ব্যাখ্যাসমূহ এতিয়া প্ৰশ্নবোধক নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য বুলি ধৰা হৈছে।<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-05|title=Kayasthas of Bengal|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2017/47/special-articles/kayasthas-bengal.html|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|language=en|volume=52|issue=47|pages=7–8|url-access=subscription}}</ref> প্ৰজিত বিহাৰী মুখাৰ্জীয়েও তেওঁক এজন নিষ্ঠাৱান কায়স্থ প্ৰচাৰক বুলি অভিযোগ উত্থাপন কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukharji |first=Projit Bihari |url= |title=Doctoring Traditions: Ayurveda, Small Technologies, and Braided Sciences |date=2016-10-14 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38313-2 |pages=47 |language=en}}</ref> তেওঁৰ কুলাপাঞ্জিকাক প্ৰামাণিক উৎস(সমূহ) হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাটোৱে কেৱল অবিশ্বাস্যতাৰ দিশসমূহৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰাই নহয়<ref name=":5" /> কিন্তু পৃথিৱীৰ প্ৰতি সবৰ্ণ দৃষ্টিভংগীও সমৰ্থন কৰিছে;<ref name=":7" /> সম্পূৰ্ণ মিথ, কিংবদন্তি আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় কল্পনা (বিশেষকৈ আৰ্য্যসকলৰ মহত্ত্বৰ বিষয়ে আৰু আৰ্য বৈশিষ্ট্যৰ সৈতে মিল থকা এক প্যান-বাঙালী পৰিচয়) তেওঁৰ ৰচনাসমূহত সঘনাই ব্যপ্ত।<ref name=":7" /> ==সন্মান== [[File:Nagendranath Basu Plate.jpg|thumb|নগেন্দ্ৰনাথ বসু ফলক]] তেওঁ "ৰায়চাহেব"<ref name=":7" /> আৰু "প্ৰচ্যাবিদ্যামহৰ্ণৱ" উপাধি লাভ কৰে।<ref name=":5" /> ১৯১৫ চনৰ ১৭ মাৰ্চত কলকাতা পৌৰ নিগমে বাংলা বিশ্বকোষৰ আঁৰৰ তেওঁৰ অগ্ৰণী প্ৰচেষ্টাৰ স্মৃতিত বাসুৰ ৮ নং আৱাসিক ৰাস্তা কান্তপুকুৰ লেনৰ নাম সলনি কৰি বিশ্বকোষ লেন নামেৰে নামাকৰণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKfoHi5412UC|title=Calcutta: A Cultural and Literary History|last=Dutta|first=Krishna|date=2003|publisher=Signal Books|isbn=978-1-902669-59-5|pages=44|language=en}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতীয় ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বঙালী ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মৃত ব্যক্তি]] b3okcsyebjvc4948cxo4d7g2paz3gjt 0 138127 646191 631825 2026-10-20T07:13:39Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | image = Chilli pickle in a plate 2.jpg | caption = ভাৰতৰ জলকীয়াৰ আচাৰ | alternate_name = আচাৰ, খাট্টাই, পাচাদী, লনচা, উৰুগাই, আৱাকাই | name = দক্ষিণ এছিয়ান আচাৰ | region = [[ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশ]] | type = আচাৰ | course = অনুষংগিক খাদ্য | main_ingredient = ফল-মূল ([[আম]], [[বগৰী]]), [[শাক-পাচলি]], বা [[মাংস]] | minor_ingredient = তেল, [[জলকীয়া]] গুড়ি, মচলা, [[সৰিয়হ]], মৌৰী | country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]], [[নেপাল]], [[পাকিস্তান]], [[শ্ৰীলংকা]], [[ম্যানমাৰ]] | variations = আকাৰ, আটচৰা }} '''দক্ষিণ এছিয়ান আচাৰ''' (অন্যান্য নামৰ ভিতৰত ''আচাৰ'' বুলিও জনাজাত) হৈছে বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ শাক-পাচলি আৰু ফল-মূল নিমখ-পানী, ভিনেগাৰ, ভোজ্য তেল আৰু দক্ষিণ এছিয়ান মচলা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি সংৰক্ষণ কৰা একপ্ৰকাৰৰ আচাৰ কৰা আৰু প্ৰায়ে অতি জ্বলা-মচলাযুক্ত অনুষংগিক [[খাদ্য]]। দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলত ইয়াৰ বহুতো আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতা দেখা যায় আৰু ই সমগ্ৰ অঞ্চলটোতে জনপ্ৰিয়। ১৪৯২ চনৰ কলম্বিয়ান বিনিময়ৰ ফলত ভাৰতলৈ [[জলকীয়া]] অহাৰ পাছৰেপৰা এই আচাৰে বহুতো মূল ব্যঞ্জনৰ সংগী হিচাপে স্থান পাই আহিছে। বৰ্তমান সময়ত আচাৰ ঘৰুৱাভাৱে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা এক প্ৰধান খাদ্যৰপৰা বিশ্বজুৰি ব্যাৱসায়িকভাৱে উৎপাদিত সামগ্ৰীলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হৈছে। ইয়াৰ সমান্তৰালকৈ ই দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিচয়ৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অংগ হৈয়েই আছে আৰু আধুনিক ফিউজন ৰন্ধনশৈলীত ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰ ক্ৰমান্বয়ে বৃদ্ধি পাইছে। == পৰিভাষা == [[হিন্দী ভাষা|হিন্দী]] আৰু আন কেইবাটাও দক্ষিণ এছীয় ভাষাত আচাৰক ''আচাৰ'' বুলি জনা যায়।<ref name="theculturetrip"/> প্ৰাচীন [[সংস্কৃত ভাষা|সংস্কৃত]] আৰু [[তামিল]] সাহিত্যত ''অৱলেহিকা, উপদংশম, সন্ধিতা'' আৰু ''অৱলেহ'' আদি শব্দ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="K.T. Achaya 2003">{{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |title=The Story of Our Food |year=2003 |publisher=Universities Press (India) Private |isbn= 978-81-7371-835-9 }}</ref> ''আচাৰ'' শব্দটো [[মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্য]]ৰ সময়ৰ [[ফাৰ্চী ভাষা|ফাৰ্চী]] মূলৰ শব্দ। অৱশ্যে, ভাৰতৰ আচাৰসমূহ [[মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য]]ৰ ভিনেগাৰভিত্তিক আচাৰতকৈ একেবাৰে পৃথক।<ref name="Madani1993">{{cite book |last=Madani |first=Mohsen Saeidi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqdJ7LlfVWUC&pg=PA153 |title=Impact of Hindu Culture on Muslims |publisher=M.D. Publications |year=1993 |isbn=978-81-85880-15-0 |pages=153– |quote=But in the Arab countries, Iran, and Afghanistan, grapes and palm are abundant, so vinegar is made out of them and the achaar in these countries is made by dipping onion, fruits etc. in vinegar. |access-date=2019-01-13 |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101225004/https://books.google.com/books?id=AqdJ7LlfVWUC&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> ফাৰ্চী ভাষাত ''আচাৰ'' শব্দৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে "নিমখ, ভিনেগাৰ, মৌ বা চেনিৰ চিৰাপত সংৰক্ষণ কৰি ৰখা গুড়ি কৰা বা নিমখ দিয়া মাংস, আচাৰ বা ফল-মূল।" <ref name="theculturetrip">{{cite web |url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ |title=A Brief History Of The Humble Indian Pickle |date=28 November 2016 |website=Culture Trip |access-date=1 January 2019 |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027150142/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ |url-status=live |archivedate=27 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027150142/https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/a-brief-history-of-the-humble-indian-pickle/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ১৮ শতিকাত গেঅৰ্গ এবাৰহাৰ্ড ৰুম্ফিয়াছে পৰামৰ্শ দিছিল যে ভাৰতীয় 'আচাৰ' শব্দটো [[আমেৰিকা]]ৰপৰা আহিছে,{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=2–3 "achar"}} বিশেষকৈ কেৰিবিয়ান অঞ্চলৰ আৰাৱাকান শব্দ<ref>{{cite web |title=Concept CHILI PEPPER: aji |url=https://clics.clld.org/parameters/919#1/26/11 |website=CLICS 3 |access-date=14 November 2025}}</ref> ''axi'' বা ''achi'' (অৰ্থাৎ "জলকীয়া")-ৰপৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে, যিহেতু আচাৰত জলকীয়া বহুলভাৱে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=2–3 "achar"}} আনহাতে, ১৮৮৬ চনৰ এংলো-ইণ্ডিয়ান অভিধান ''হবছন-জবছন'' (Hobson-Jobson)-এ এই শব্দটো [[লেটিন]] শব্দ ''acetaria''-ৰপৰা নিষ্কাশিত হোৱা বুলি ইংগিত দিয়ে।{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=2–3 "achar"}} == ইতিহাস == === প্ৰাচীন আৰু মধ্যযুগীয় === [[আয়ুৰ্বেদ]] আৰু সংগম সাহিত্যৰ সময়ৰ প্ৰাচীন আচাৰৰ ৰেচিপিসমূহত বিভিন্নপ্ৰকাৰৰ আচাৰৰ উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়, য’ত আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি [[আম]]ৰ আচাৰৰ উল্লেখো অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছে।<ref name="K.T. Achaya 2003"/> ৯১৫ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত ত্ৰিবিক্ৰম ভট্টই লিখা এখন সংস্কৃত মহাকাব্য ''নলচম্পূ''-ত কেঁচা আম, [[জলকীয়া|কেঁচা জলকীয়া]], পিপলি (long pepper), কেঁচা [[ইলাচী]], নেমু, জৰা টেঙা, [[আমলখি]], [[অমৰা]], [[বেল]] আৰু কৰ্দিয়া ডিকোটোমা (fragrant manjack) আদিৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী আচাৰৰ বৰ্ণনা পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{cite book |last=Kamat |first=Jyotsna K. |title=Social Life in Medieval Karnāṭaka |publisher=Abhinav Publications |location=New Delhi |year=1980 |page=7}}</ref> মধ্যযুগৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক সময়ৰ অসমীয়া তথা ভাৰতীয় ৰন্ধনশৈলীৰ পুথি যেনে— ''লোকো পকাৰ'' (১০২৫ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ), ''মানসোল্লাস'' (১১৩০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ), ''পাকদৰ্পণ'' (১২০০ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ), ''সূূপ শাস্ত্ৰ'' (১৫০৮ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ) আৰু ''ক্ষেমেকুতূহল'' (১৫৪৯ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ)-ত আচাৰৰ এনে কিছুমান ৰেচিপিৰ উল্লেখ আছে যিবোৰত কেঁচা আম, কেঁচা জলকীয়া, পিপলি, [[নেমু]], কেঁচা হালধি, আম চূৰ্ণ (mango-ginger), [[আদা]], [[মূলা]], তিতা কেৰালা, তিয়ঁহ, [[পদুম|পদুমৰ ডিলা]] আৰু বাঁহৰ গাজ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। গুৰুলিঙ্গ দেশিকাৰদ্বাৰা ১৫৯৪ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত ৰচিত ধৰ্মীয় গ্ৰন্থ ''লিঙ্গপুৰাণ''ত পঞ্চাশতকৈও অধিকপ্ৰকাৰৰ আচাৰৰ উল্লেখ আছে।<ref>{{cite book |author1=[[Mangarasa III]] |author2=Krishna Jois, S. N. |author3=Konantambigi, Madhukar |author4=Bhat, N. P. |author5=Modwel, Nerupama Y. |title=Culinary Traditions of Medieval Karnataka: The Soopa Shastra of Mangarasa III |year=2012 |publisher=Intangible Cultural Heritage Division, [[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage]] and B.R. Pub. Corp. |isbn=978-93-5050-031-6}}</ref> ১৫०० খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰ ''নিমতনামা'' নামৰ ৰন্ধনশৈলীৰ পুথিখনত খাদ্যোপযোগী ফুলৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী অনন্য আচাৰৰো উল্লেখ পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{cite web |last=Chatterjee |first=Priyadarshini |title=From night jasmine to banana blossoms: India's centuries-old love affair with edible flowers |date=13 July 2018 |url=https://scroll.in/magazine/881094/from-night-jasmine-to-banana-blossoms-indias-centuries-old-love-affair-with-edible-flowers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208162919/https://scroll.in/magazine/881094/from-night-jasmine-to-banana-blossoms-indias-centuries-old-love-affair-with-edible-flowers |archive-date=8 February 2022 }}</ref> === কলম্বিয়ান বিনিময় === কলম্বিয়ান বিনিময়ৰ পিছত (১৪৯২ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দৰ কোনো এক সময়ত), [[মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্য]]ৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণত থকা [[গুজৰাট]]ৰ পশ্চিম উপকূলৰ বন্দৰসমূহলৈ [[পৰ্তুগীজ]] ব্যৱসায়ীসকলে [[জলকীয়া]]ৰ আগমন ঘটাইছিল। তাৰ আগলৈকে, প্ৰাচীন আৰু মধ্যযুগীয় ভাৰতীয় খাদ্যত জ্বলা সোৱাদৰ প্ৰধান উৎস আছিল তুলনামূলকভাৱে কম জ্বলা মচলা যেনে— জালুক, পিপলি আৰু ''Piper chaba'' (কেঁচা আৰু শুকান দুয়োটা ৰূপতে)।<ref name="K.T. Achaya 2003"/><ref name="Twilley Graber 2019 transcript">{{cite web |last1=Twilley |first1=Nicola |last2=Graber |first2=Nicola |last3=Iyer |first3=Raghavan |author3-link=Raghavan Iyer (chef) |last4=Collingham |first4=Lizzie |author4-link=Lizzie Collingham |title=Transcript: The Curry Chronicles |url=https://gastropod.com/transcript-the-curry-chronicles/ |website=Gastropod |access-date=6 October 2024 |date=9 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="Batsha 2020">{{Cite web |last=Batsha |first=Nishant |author-link=Nishant Batsha |date=25 June 2020 |title=Curry Before Columbus |url=https://contingentmagazine.org/2020/06/25/curry-before-columbus/ |access-date=15 December 2020 |website=Contingent |archive-date=17 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517012336/https://contingentmagazine.org/2020/06/25/curry-before-columbus/ |url-status=live}}</ref> === এংলো-ইণ্ডিয়ানৰপৰা ব্ৰিটিছলৈ === [[File:Hannah Glasse's Paco-Lilla 1758.jpg|thumb|upright|হান্না গ্লাছৰ "পাকো-লিলা বা ইণ্ডিয়া পিকল"ৰ ৰেচিপি, ১৭৫৮]] [[ব্ৰিটিছ ৰাজ]]ৰ সময়ত এংলো-ইণ্ডিয়ানসকলে চাটনি আৰু আচাৰ বৰকৈ ভাল পাইছিল আৰু তেওঁলোকে বিভিন্নপ্ৰকাৰৰ আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুত কৰিছিল। আচাৰসমূহৰ বাবে বেঙেনা আৰু কেপ্চিকাম আদিক জলকীয়া, সৰিয়হ গুটি আৰু [[হালধি]]ৰ সৈতে মিহলাই এক তীব্ৰ সোৱাদ দিয়া হৈছিল; এইবোৰ সৰিয়হৰ তেল বা তিলৰ তেলত ৰন্ধা হৈছিল। কিছুমান ফল আচাৰ হিচাপে প্ৰস্তুত কৰিবলৈ আম আৰু নেমুবোৰ নিমখ পানীত ডুবাই এটা পাত্ৰত থৈ ৰ’দত শুকুৱাই লোৱা হৈছিল। মিঠা চাটনিৰ বাবে, আমৰ দৰে ফলসমূহ চেনি, ভিনেগাৰ আৰু মচলাৰ সৈতে ৰন্ধা হৈছিল। আনহাতে, কেঁচা চাটনিত কেঁচা ধনীয়া পাত আৰু নাৰিকল ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, যাৰ সোৱাদ বঢ়াবলৈ জলকীয়া, তেতেলী আৰু চেনি যোগ কৰা হৈছিল; এইবোৰ প্ৰতিদিনে সতেজভাৱে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছিল।{{sfn|Brown|1998|pp=347–361}} ১৭ শতিকাত, [[ইষ্ট ইণ্ডিয়া কোম্পানী]]ৰ সময়ত, ভাৰত ভ্ৰমণলৈ অহা ব্ৰিটিছ পৰ্যটকসকলে বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ চাটনি আৰু আচাৰ প্ৰত্যক্ষ কৰিছিল। নাবিকসকলে দেখিছিল যে এই সংৰক্ষিত আচাৰসমূহ তেওঁলোকৰ সামুদ্ৰিক আহাৰ— নিমখীয়া মাংস আৰু শুকান বিস্কুটৰ সৈতে খাবলৈ বৰ উপযোগী আছিল। ফলস্বৰূপে, ব্যক্তিগত পৰ্যটক বা ব্যৱসায়ীসকলে ব্ৰিটেইনলৈ বুজন পৰিমাণৰ আচাৰ লৈ গৈছিল, যিবোৰ অতি সোনকালেই ব্ৰিটিছ ৰান্ধনীসকলে অনুকৰণ কৰিবলৈ লয় আৰু ভাৰতীয় মূল আচাৰৰপৰা কিছু সালসলনি কৰি নতুন ৰূপ দিয়ে।{{sfn|Collingham|2006|pp=147–148}} তেনে এগৰাকী ৰান্ধনী হান্না গ্লাছে তেওঁৰ ১৭৫৮ চনৰ সংস্কৰণৰ পুথি ''The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy''-ত "পাকো-লিলা, বা ইণ্ডিয়া পিকল" কেনেকৈ তৈয়াৰ কৰিব লাগে তাৰ বৰ্ণনা দিছিল। তেওঁৰ ৰেচিপিত ৰান্ধনীজনক আদা, পিপলি আৰু নহৰুত নিমখ সানি ল’বলৈ আৰু সৰিয়হৰ গুটি তথা হালধিৰে ভিনেগাৰখিনিক মচলাযুক্ত কৰিবলৈ কোৱা হৈছিল। তেওঁ পৰামৰ্শ দিছিল যে বন্ধাকবি, ফুলকবি, তিয়হ, তৰমুজ বা মাকৈ, আপেল, ফ্ৰেন্স বিন আৰু বগৰী আদি সকলো পাচলি আৰু ফল এই পদ্ধতিৰে আচাৰ বনাব পাৰি।<ref>{{cite book |last=Glasse |first=Hannah |author-link=Hannah Glasse |chapter=Paco-Lilla or India Pickle |title=[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]] |edition=6th |publisher=Printed for the Author: and sold by A. Millar, in the Strand; and T. Trye, near Gray's Inn Gate, Holbourn |year=1758 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_xJdAAAAAIAAJ/page/n412 |page=377}}</ref> == আধুনিক যুগ == আধুনিক যুগৰ দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ দেশসমূহত, আচাৰৰ দৰে পৰম্পৰাগত খাদ্যসমূহে সাংস্কৃতিক পৰিচয় ধৰি ৰখাত আৰু ৰন্ধন ঐতিহ্যৰ সংৰক্ষণত এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰি আহিছে। বহু প্ৰজন্ম ধৰি ঘৰুৱা খাদ্যভাসৰ সৈতে আচাৰ ওতপ্ৰোতভাৱে জড়িত হৈ আছে আৰু দৈনিক আহাৰৰ বাবে ই এক অপৰিহাৰ্য অনুষংগ তথা পাৰ্শ্ব-ব্যঞ্জন (side dish) হিচাপে ব্যৱহৃত হৈ আহিছে। বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলৰ খাদ্যৰ সোৱাদ বৃদ্ধি কৰা আৰু ইয়াৰ পৰিপূৰক হিচাপে কাম কৰিব পৰা ক্ষমতাৰ বাবে আচাৰ আজিও অত্যন্ত আদৰণীয়।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chakraborty|first1=Rakhi|last2=Roy|first2=Swarnendu|date=2018-05-01|title=Exploration of the diversity and associated health benefits of traditional pickles from the Himalayan and adjacent hilly regions of Indian subcontinent|journal=Journal of Food Science and Technology|language=en|volume=55|issue=5|pages=1599–1613|doi=10.1007/s13197-018-3080-7|issn=0975-8402|pmc=5897286|pmid=29666512}}</ref> দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ সমাজত, আচাৰ এক ঋতুভিত্তিক আৰু ঘৰুৱাভাৱে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা প্ৰয়োজনীয় সামগ্ৰীৰপৰা বৰ্তমান বহুলভাৱে উপলব্ধ এক বাণিজ্যিক সামগ্ৰীলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হৈছে। যদিও বহু পৰিয়ালে আজিও তেল, নিমখ আৰু মচলা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতিৰে আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুত কৰাৰ নিয়ম বজাই ৰাখিছে, তথাপি নগৰীকৰণ আৰু পৰিৱৰ্তিত জীৱন-শৈলীয়ে বজাৰত কিনিবলৈ পোৱা আচাৰৰ জনপ্ৰিয়তা বৃদ্ধিত অৰিহণা যোগাইছে।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |title=A historical dictionary of Indian food |publisher=Delhi; New York : Oxford University Press |isbn= 978-0-19-564254-4 |url=http://archive.org|date=1998|others=Internet Archive}}</ref> বৃহৎ পৰিসৰৰ উৎপাদন আৰু বিতৰণৰ ফলত দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ আচাৰে বিশ্বৰ বজাৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছে, বিশেষকৈ [[যুক্তৰাজ্য]], [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] আৰু [[মধ্যপ্ৰাচ্য]] আদি অঞ্চলত থকা দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ প্ৰবাসী বা প্ৰব্ৰজনকাৰী সম্প্ৰদায়সমূহৰ জৰিয়তে। এই সম্প্ৰসাৰণে খাদ্য বিনিময়ৰ এক বৃহৎ ঐতিহাসিক আৰ্হিক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰে, যিয়ে দৰ্শায় যে কেনেকৈ দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুত কৰাৰ পদ্ধতিসমূহ পৰম্পৰাগত অঞ্চলসমূহৰ বাহিৰতো অভিযোজন আৰু পুনৰ ব্যাখ্যাৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Paralkar|first=Anil|date=April 2020|title=Trade, Exoticism and the English Appropriation of South Asian Pickles, c. 1600–1750|url=https://euppublishing.com|journal=Cultural History|volume=9|issue=1|pages=106–122|doi=10.3366/cult.2020.0211|issn=2045-290X|url-access=subscription}}</ref> একে সময়তে, আচাৰ স্থানীয় জ্ঞান আৰু ৰন্ধন পৰম্পৰাৰ সৈতে গভীৰভাৱে সাঙোৰ খাই আছে, য’ত ইয়াৰ প্ৰস্তুতকৰণ শৈলী আৰু ব্যৱহৃত উপাদানসমূহে আঞ্চলিক পৰিৱেশ আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক ৰীতিক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰে। বৰ্তমান আচাৰ বজাৰত সহজলভ্য হ’লেও, তথ্যই প্ৰমাণ কৰে যে ব্যক্তিগতভাৱে পৰম্পৰাগত পদ্ধতিৰে কৰা কিণ্বন (fermentation) প্ৰক্ৰিয়াই আচাৰক এক অনন্য আৰু স্বকীয় সোৱাদ প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Flachs|first1=Andrew|last2=Orkin|first2=Joseph D.|date=2021-06-09|title=On pickles: biological and sociocultural links between fermented foods and the human gut microbiome|journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine|language=en|volume=17|issue=1|page=39|doi=10.1186/s13002-021-00458-9|doi-access=free |issn=1746-4269|pmc=8188661|pmid=34107988}}</ref> পৰম্পৰাগত ব্যৱহাৰৰ উপৰি, আচাৰ বৰ্তমান আধুনিক আৰু ফিউজন খাদ্যশৈলীৰ সৈতে ক্ৰমান্বয়ে একত্ৰিত হ’বলৈ ধৰিছে। শ্বেফ (Chef) আৰু খাদ্য উদ্যোগীসকলে ইয়াৰ অনন্য সোৱাদক অপৰম্পৰাগত ৰূপত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিছে, যাৰ ফলত দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ আচাৰ বিশ্বৰ খাদ্য ধাৰাসমূহৰ সৈতে সংমিশ্ৰিত হৈছে। এই ধৰণৰ বিৱৰ্তনে আচাৰক এক সাংস্কৃতিক মূল উপাদান আৰু আধুনিক ৰন্ধনশৈলীৰ এক আকৰ্ষণীয় অংগ হিচাপে ইয়াৰ প্ৰাসংগিকতা ধৰি ৰখাত সহায় কৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sahni|first=Julie|url=http://archive.org|title=Classic Indian cooking|date=1980|publisher=New York : Morrow|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-688-03721-5}}</gref> == ব্যাৱসায়িকীকৰণ == পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ আচাৰসমূহ ঘৰতে বৈয়ামত ভৰাই কিণ্বন (fermentation) প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হৈছিল, কিন্তু বৰ্তমান সময়ত পৰিয়ালসমূহে সাধাৰণতে বজাৰৰপৰা আচাৰ ক্ৰয় কৰা দেখা যায়। এই পৰিৱৰ্তন কেৱল ইয়াৰ সহজলভ্যতা আৰু সুবিধাৰ বাবেই হোৱা নাই, বৰঞ্চ ই আচাৰৰ সুৰক্ষাও নিশ্চিত কৰে; কিয়নো সঠিকভাৱে কৰা নহ’লে কিণ্বন প্ৰক্ৰিয়া বিপজ্জনক হ’ব পাৰে। কাৰখানাত উৎপাদিত আচাৰসমূহে খাদ্য সুৰক্ষা নিয়মাৱলী মানি চলিব লাগিব বাবে আৰু তাত কাৰখানা পৰিদৰ্শনৰ ব্যৱস্থা থকাৰ বাবে ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন সুৰক্ষিত আৰু ধাৰাবাহিক হয়। আচাৰসমূহ সাধাৰণতে কাঁচৰ বৈয়ামত চিল (seal) কৰি ৰখা হয় আৰু বৈয়ামৰপৰা উলিয়াই পোনপটীয়াকৈ খাব পৰা অৱস্থাত পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Snyder |first=Abigail |last2=Fred Breidt |first2=Jr |last3=Andress |first3=Elizabeth L. |last4=Ingham |first4=Barbara H. |date=2020-07-01 |title=Manufacture of Traditionally Fermented Vegetable Products: Best Practice for Small Businesses and Retail Food Establishments |url=https://foodprotection.org |journal=Food Protection Trends |language=en |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=251–263}}</ref> ঘৰুৱা আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বজাৰৰ বাবে কেইবাটাও কোম্পানীয়ে পেকেটযুক্ত দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ আচাৰ উৎপাদন কৰে। ২০০১ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱা 'মাদাৰ্ছ ৰেচিপি' হৈছে দেশাই ফুডছৰ মালিকানাধীন এক ভাৰতীয় প্ৰস্তুতকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠান। এই কোম্পানীটোৱে অন্যান্য সামগ্ৰীৰ লগতে ৩৬প্ৰকাৰৰ আচাৰ উৎপাদন কৰে আৰু আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰ্যায়ত বিতৰণ কৰে। কোম্পানীটোৱে ইয়াৰ আটাইবোৰ সামগ্ৰী ভাৰততে উৎপাদন কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mothers Recipe |url=https://mothersrecipe.com |access-date=2026-05-04 |website=Mothers Recipe |language=en}}</ref> ১৯৮১ চনত ছিকন্দৰ চুলতানৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱা আৰু বৰ্তমানো পৰিয়ালৰ মালিকানাধীন হৈ থকা পাকিস্তানৰ কোম্পানী শ্বান ফুডছে অন্যান্য সামগ্ৰীৰ লগতে ৬প্ৰকাৰৰ পেকেটযুক্ত আচাৰ উৎপাদন কৰে আৰু সেইবোৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বজাৰলৈ ৰপ্তানি কৰে। শ্বান ফুডছৰ সামগ্ৰীসমূহ 'হালাল' বুলি প্ৰমাণিত।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shan Foods |url=https://shanfoods.com}}</ref> == উপাদানসমূহ == ভাৰতত প্ৰধানকৈ দুইপ্ৰকাৰৰ আচাৰ দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়: তিলৰ তেল বা সৰিয়হৰ তেল দি তৈয়াৰ কৰা আচাৰ, আৰু তেল নোহোৱাকৈ তৈয়াৰ কৰা আচাৰ। তেল অবিহনে তৈয়াৰ কৰা আচাৰসমূহত কেঁচা আম বা নেমুৰপৰা আৰ্দ্ৰতা (moisture) উলিয়াই একপ্ৰকাৰৰ লৱণযুক্ত পানী বা ব্ৰাইন তৈয়াৰ কৰিবলৈ নিমখ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি নেমু বা জৰা টেঙাৰ ৰসৰ সৈতে নিমখ বা পৰম্পৰাগত 'গন্নে কা চিৰকা' বা [[কুঁহিয়াৰ]]ৰ ভিনেগাৰৰ সংমিশ্ৰণকো ব্ৰাইন হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পাৰি।<ref name="Madani1993"/> [[গুজৰাট]]ৰ দৰে কিছুমান অঞ্চলৰ আচাৰত [[গুৰ]]ক মুখ্য সংৰক্ষক (preserve) হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Roy 2024">{{cite news |last=Roy |first=Nibedita |title=8 types of traditional Pickles from different parts of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/8-types-of-traditional-pickles-from-different-parts-of-india/articleshow/108161679.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 March 2024}}</ref> ঘৰুৱা আচাৰসমূহ সাধাৰণতে গৰমকালি প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। এইবোৰক সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে তৈয়াৰ হ’বলৈ বা পৰিপক্ব হ’বলৈ প্ৰায় দুই সপ্তাহ পৰ্যন্ত ৰ’দত দিয়া হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiacurry.com/chutney/hotsunpickling.htm |title=Pickling in the hot sun |access-date=17 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217210959/http://www.indiacurry.com/chutney/hotsunpickling.htm |archive-date=17 February 2014 |archivedate=17 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140217210959/http://www.indiacurry.com/chutney/hotsunpickling.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> আচাৰখিনি পৰিপক্ব হোৱাৰ সময়ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে ইয়াক পাতল কাপোৰেৰে ঢাকি ৰখা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sailusfood.com/2015/05/08/mango-pickle-recipe-avakai/ |title=Mango pickle recipe |date=8 May 2015 |access-date=18 September 2015 |archive-date=5 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905233312/http://www.sailusfood.com/2015/05/08/mango-pickle-recipe-avakai/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[জলকীয়া]] হৈছে দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ আচাৰসমূহৰ এক স্বকীয় বা বৈশিষ্ট্যপূৰ্ণ উপাদান।<ref name="Andrews2005">{{cite book |last=Andrews |first=Jean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_fUh4YXWPikC&pg=PA26 |title=The Peppers Cookbook: 200 Recipes from the Pepper Lady's Kitchen |publisher=[[University of North Texas Press]] |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-57441-193-5 |pages=26– |access-date=2019-01-13 |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101225005/https://books.google.com/books?id=_fUh4YXWPikC&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=190 heights=140> File:Indian-pickle.jpg|পদুমৰ ডিলা, নেমু, গাজৰ, কেঁচা আম আৰু কেঁচা জলকীয়াৰে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা মিশ্ৰিত ভাৰতীয় আচাৰ File:Achar Gosht.JPG|'আচাৰী গোশত', আচাৰৰ মচলা আৰু সোৱাদেৰে ৰন্ধা মাংসৰ তৰকাৰী File:Preparation of red chilli Indian pickle (2).jpg|ৰঙা জলকীয়াৰ ভাৰতীয় আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুতকৰণ </gallery> == ৰাসায়নিক গঠন == দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ আচাৰৰ ৰাসায়নিক গঠন ইয়াৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰকাৰভেদে ভিন্ন হোৱা দেখা যায়। দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ আচাৰৰ ৰাসায়নিক বৈশিষ্ট্য প্ৰধানকৈ মচলা আৰু পাচলিসমূহৰপৰা পোৱা উচ্চ আৰ্দ্ৰতাৰ জৈৱিক এচিড (organic acids), ছডিয়াম ক্ল’ৰাইড আৰু ফেনলিক যৌগৰদ্বাৰা নিৰ্ধাৰিত হয়। আটাইতকৈ সাধাৰণ জৈৱিক এচিডবিধ হৈছে লেক্টিক এচিড, যি সাধাৰণতে কিণ্বন প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ জৰিয়তে উৎপাদিত হয়। এই জৈৱিক এচিডসমূহে আচাৰৰ পিএইচ (pH) হ্ৰাস কৰে, যিটো হৈছে অণুজীৱজনিত খাদ্য নষ্ট হোৱা প্ৰক্ৰিয়া প্ৰতিৰোধ কৰাৰ এক প্ৰাথমিক কাৰ্যপদ্ধতি।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Behera |first1=Sudhanshu S. |last2=El Sheikha |first2=Aly Farag |last3=Hammami |first3=Riadh |last4=Kumar |first4=Awanish |date=2020-07-01 |title=Traditionally fermented pickles: How the microbial diversity associated with their nutritional and health benefits? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175646462030195X |journal=Journal of Functional Foods |volume=70 |article-number=103971 |doi=10.1016/j.jff.2020.103971 |issn=1756-4646|doi-access=free }}</ref> লেক্টিক এচিড বেক্টেৰিয়াই এই কিণ্বন প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত এক কেন্দ্ৰীয় ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। এই অণুজীৱসমূহে পাচলি আৰু ফল-মূলত থকা চেনিক লেক্টিক এচিডলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰে, যাৰ ফলত অম্লকৰণ (acidification) প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটো ক্ষিপ্ৰ হয় আৰু খাদ্য সংৰক্ষণত সহায় কৰে। কিণ্বন প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ সময়ত উপস্থিত থকা লেক্টিক এচিড বেক্টেৰিয়াৰ নিৰ্দিষ্ট প্ৰকাৰসমূহ অঞ্চল আৰু প্ৰস্তুতকৰণ পদ্ধতি অনুসৰি ভিন্ন হয়। এই অণুজীৱৰ বৈচিত্ৰ্য বিভিন্নপ্ৰকাৰৰ আচাৰৰ স্বকীয় সোৱাদ আৰু স্বাস্থ্যকৰ গুণাগুণৰ সৈতে পোনপটীয়াকৈ জড়িত।<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Banik |first1=Avijit |last2=Anjum |first2=Hasnain |last3=Habib |first3=Humayra |last4=Abony |first4=Maruf |last5=Begum |first5=Anowara |last6=Ahmed |first6=Zakaria |date=2023-06-01 |title=Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from street pickles of Dhaka, Bangladesh |journal=Heliyon |volume=9 |issue=6 |article-number=e17508 |doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17508 |doi-access=free |pmid=37416662 |pmc=10320110 |bibcode=2023Heliy...917508B |issn=2405-8440}}</ref> [[সৰিয়হ গুটি]], [[হালধি]], [[জলকীয়া]] গুড়ি, [[মেথি]] আৰু হিং আদি মচলাসমূহে দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ আচাৰৰ কিণ্বন প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত উল্লেখনীয় পৰিমাণে ফেনলিক যৌগ যোগান ধৰে। এই যৌগসমূহে সোৱাদ বঢ়োৱা উপাদান আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিক এণ্টিমাইক্ৰ’বিয়াল দুয়োটা ধৰণৰে কাৰ্য সম্পাদন কৰে। হালধিৰপৰা পোৱা কাৰকুমিন আৰু জলকীয়াৰপৰা পোৱা কেপচাইচিন আদি ফেনলিক উপাদানসমূহৰ এণ্টিঅক্সিডেণ্ট আৰু এণ্টিমাইক্ৰ’বিয়াল গুণ থকা বুলি প্ৰমাণিত হৈছে, যিয়ে অম্লীয় সংৰক্ষণ পৰিৱেশক অধিক শক্তিশালী কৰি তোলে।<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Rakhi |last2=Roy |first2=Swarnendu |date=May 2018 |title=Exploration of the diversity and associated health benefits of traditional pickles from the Himalayan and adjacent hilly regions of Indian subcontinent |journal=Journal of Food Science and Technology |volume=55 |issue=5 |pages=1599–1613 |doi=10.1007/s13197-018-3080-7 |issn=0022-1155 |pmc=5897286 |pmid=29666512}}</ref> উত্তৰ আৰু পশ্চিম ভাৰতত প্ৰচলিত তেলযুক্ত আচাৰসমূহৰ ৰাসায়নিক বৈশিষ্ট্য কিছু পৃথক হয়, কাৰণ তেলৰ মাধ্যমে এক অমায়বীয় বা অবাত (anaerobic) পৰিৱেশ সৃষ্টি কৰে যিয়ে বায়ুজীৱী (aerobic) বেক্টেৰিয়াৰদ্বাৰা খাদ্য নষ্ট হোৱাত বাধা দিয়ে। এই প্ৰস্তুতকৰণসমূহত সৰিয়হৰ তেল আৰু তিলৰ তেলে ক্ৰমে গ্লুকোচিনোলেট আৰু লিগনান প্ৰদান কৰে, যিয়ে চূড়ান্ত সামগ্ৰীটোৰ এণ্টিমাইক্ৰ’বিয়াল আৰু পুষ্টিগত গুণাগুণ বৃদ্ধি কৰে।<ref name="ReferenceA"/> == আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাসমূহ == === বাংলাদেশ === {{see also|বাংলাদেশী ৰন্ধনশৈলী}} বাঙালী সংস্কৃতিত আচাৰক ‘আচাৰ’ ([[বাংলা]]: আচাব় বা ‘আসাব়’) বুলি জনা যায়। ই [[বঙালী ৰন্ধনশৈলী|বাঙালী ৰন্ধনশৈলী]]ৰ এক অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ, যিয়ে আহাৰৰ সোৱাদ বৃদ্ধি কৰে। বিভিন্ন ফল-মূল, পাচলি, আনকি মাছ বা মাংসক মচলা, তেল আৰু ভিনেগাৰ বা নেমুৰ ৰসৰ মিশ্ৰণত সংৰক্ষণ কৰি এই আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। এই প্ৰক্ৰিয়াটোত নিৰ্বাচিত উপাদানসমূহক সৰিয়হ গুটি, মেথি, ক’লা জিলা আৰু জলকীয়া গুৰি আদি মচলাৰ সংমিশ্ৰণৰ সৈতে মেৰিনেট কৰা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত আচাৰখিনি বতাহ নোসোমোৱা (airtight) বৈয়ামত পৰিপক্ব হ’বলৈ থৈ দিয়া হয়, যাতে সময়ৰ লগে লগে ইয়াৰ আচল সোৱাদ ওলাই পৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.localguidesconnect.com/t5/General-Discussion/Bangladeshi-Pickles-Scene-in-Short/td-p/2021506 |title=Bangladeshi Pickles Scene (In Short) |date=18 October 2019 |access-date=2 September 2023 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101225014/https://www.localguidesconnect.com/t5/General-Discussion/Bangladeshi-Pickles-Scene-in-Short/td-p/2021506 |url-status=live}}</ref> বাঙালী আচাৰৰ সোৱাদ টেঙা, জ্বলা আৰু কেতিয়াবা মিঠা হয়। এইবোৰ প্ৰায়ে ভাত, ৰুটী বা তৰকাৰীৰ সৈতে পাৰ্শ্ব-ব্যঞ্জন হিচাপে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। জনপ্ৰিয় আচাৰসমূহৰ ভিতৰত আম, নেমু, মিশ্ৰিত পাচলি আৰু [[মাছ]]ৰ আচাৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। [[চিলেট]]ৰ সাতকৰা আচাৰ আৰু খুলনাৰ চুই ঝাল আচাৰ [[ভাৰত]] আৰু [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰ বাহিৰতো অতি প্ৰসিদ্ধ।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Food_Preservation |title=Food Preservation - Banglapedia |access-date=2 September 2023 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902093011/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Food_Preservation |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=160 heights=160> File:আমেৰ আঁচাৰ.jpg|বাঙালী আমৰ আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুতকৰণ File:গুড় আম.jpg|আম আৰু খেজুৰ গুৰৰ আচাৰ </gallery> === ভাৰত === [[ভাৰত]]ৰ বিভিন্ন আঞ্চলিক ভিন্নতাসমূহৰ ভিতৰত— কাশ্মীৰত পদুমৰ ঠাৰিৰ আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়; [[অন্ধ্ৰপ্ৰদেশ]]ত গংগুৰা পাত (gongura leaves) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়; দক্ষিণ উপকূলীয় ৰাজ্য [[কেৰালা]]ত নহৰু আৰু নৰসিংহ পাতৰ সৈতে মিহলাই মিছা মাছৰ আচাৰ তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়; [[অসম]]ত সৰিয়হ গুটি আৰু তেলৰ সৈতে বাঁহৰ গাজ কিণ্বন কৰি আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়; [[মহাৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ত নেমুক হিং, সৰিয়হ গুটি আৰু [[হালধি]]ৰ সৈতে আচাৰ বনোৱা হয়; [[কৰ্ণাটক]]ত নহৰুৰ কোঁহ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি আচাৰৰ মূল ভিত্তি তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়; আৰু [[তামিলনাডু]]ত সৰিয়হ গুটি, ৰঙা জলকীয়া আৰু নৰসিংহ পাতৰ সৈতে বিলাহীৰ আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়।<ref name="Roy 2024"/> [[হাৰিয়ানা]]ৰ পানীপথ চহৰখনে ব্যাৱসায়িকভাৱে আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুত কৰে, বিশেষকৈ 'পাছৰঙা' আৰু 'সাতৰঙা' (অৰ্থাৎ পাঁচটা বা সাতটা ৰঙৰ, য’ত সমসংখ্যক পাচলি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়)। এই পাচলিসমূহ সৰিয়হৰ তেল আৰু গোট মচলাৰ সৈতে কেঁচা আম, [[বুট]], পদুমৰ ঠাৰি, [[কৰ্দৈ]] (karonda), [[আমলখি]] আৰু [[নেমু]] আদি উপাদান দি পৰিপক্ব কৰা হয়। ২০১৬ চনৰ তথ্য অনুসৰি, পানীপথে প্ৰতি বছৰে ৫০ কোটি টকাতকৈও অধিক মূল্যৰ আচাৰ উৎপাদন কৰিছিল, যিবোৰ স্থানীয় বজাৰত যোগান ধৰাৰ উপৰি [[যুক্তৰাজ্য]], [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] আৰু [[মধ্য প্ৰাচ্য]]লৈ ৰপ্তানি কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="har13">{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040327/windows/main1.htm |title=Our desi drive-ins |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-date=1 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301051639/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040327/windows/main1.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="har12">{{cite web |last1=Panipat |first1=Parveen Arora in |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/perspective/spice-of-life-surrender-to-panipat-pickle/181599.html |title=Spice of life: Surrender to Panipat pickle! , The Tribune, June 2016 |work=Tribuneindia News Service |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201536/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/perspective/spice-of-life-surrender-to-panipat-pickle/181599.html |url-status=live |archivedate=6 April 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201536/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sunday-special/perspective/spice-of-life-surrender-to-panipat-pickle/181599.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="har11">{{Cite web |url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/tzzAGvlSXLjpgizg4qV62M/The-road-to-Kashmir.html |title=The road to Kashmir through Haryana |work=mint |date=4 September 2009 |access-date=6 April 2017 |archive-date=6 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201509/http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/tzzAGvlSXLjpgizg4qV62M/The-road-to-Kashmir.html |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=220 heights=150> File:Sweet pickle made out of mango, in West Bengal, India.jpg|মিঠা আৰু জ্বলা [[আম]]ৰ আচাৰ File:Mangopickle.jpg|ভাৰতীয় মচলাযুক্ত [[আমৰ আচাৰ]] File:Various kinds of pickles for sale at a shop in Dakshineswar, Kolkata, India.jpg|[[কলকাতা]]ৰ এখন দোকানত বিক্ৰীৰ বাবে ৰখা বিভিন্নপ্ৰকাৰৰ আচাৰ </gallery> === ম্যানমাৰ (বাৰ্মা) === বাৰ্মীজ ভাষাত আচাৰক ‘থানাত’ ({{Langx|my|သနပ်}}) বুলি জনা যায়। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত আমৰ আচাৰ ({{lang|my|သရက်သီးသနပ်}}) (''থায়েত থি থানাত'') আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয়। এই আচাৰখিনি কেঁচা, পকা বা শুকান আমক ভিনেগাৰ, চেনি, নিমখ, জলকীয়া গুড়ি, মচলা, নহৰু, কেঁচা জলকীয়া আৰু [[সৰিয়হ গুটি]]ৰ মিশ্ৰণত সংৰক্ষণ কৰি প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=သရက်သီးသနပ် (Spicy Green Mango Pickle) |url=https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-spicy-green-mango-pickle/ |access-date=11 July 2019 |website=Food Magazine Myanmar |language=my |archive-date=22 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222110257/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-spicy-green-mango-pickle/ |url-status=usurped |archivedate=22 December 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222110257/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-spicy-green-mango-pickle/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=သရက်သီးသနပ် (အခြောက်) (Spicy Dry Mango Pickle) |url=https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%BB%E1%80%81%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9-spicy-dry-mango-pickle/ |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=Food Magazine Myanmar |language=my |archive-date=2019-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220161205/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%BB%E1%80%81%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9-spicy-dry-mango-pickle/ |url-status=usurped |archivedate=2019-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220161205/https://www.foodmagazinemyanmar.com/contributors/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%9B%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%BB%E1%80%81%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9-spicy-dry-mango-pickle/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> বাৰ্মীজ ৰন্ধনশৈলীত সাধাৰণতে তৰকাৰী আৰু [[বিৰিয়ানি]]ৰ সৈতে এক অপৰিহাৰ্য পাৰ্শ্ব-ব্যঞ্জন হিচাপে আমৰ আচাৰ পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |date=10 May 2016 |title=အလှူ မင်္ဂလာဆောင်တို့ရဲ့ ဇာတ်လိုက်ကျော် ဒံပေါက် |url=https://myfoodmyanmar.com/biryani-recipe/ |access-date=11 July 2019 |website=MyFood Myanmar |language=my |archive-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711054657/https://myfoodmyanmar.com/biryani-recipe/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711054657/https://myfoodmyanmar.com/biryani-recipe/ |archivedate=11 July 2019 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> ই বাৰ্মীজ [[গাহৰিৰ মাংস]]ৰ তৰকাৰী ‘ৱেত থানাত হিন’ (''wet thanat hin'', {{lang|my|ဝက်သနပ်ဟင်း}}) ৰ এক প্ৰধান উপাদান, য’ত গাহৰিৰ চৰ্বিযুক্ত মাংসৰ (pork belly) সৈতে আচাৰ মিহলাই ৰন্ধা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=ဝက်သားဟင်း ၄ မျိုး |url=http://we.com.mm/detail/2631 |access-date=11 July 2019 |website=We Media |language=my |archive-date=11 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711054655/http://we.com.mm/detail/2631 |archivedate=11 July 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711054655/http://we.com.mm/detail/2631 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> === নেপাল === [[নেপাল]]ত সাধাৰণতে মুখ্য আহাৰ দাইল-ভাত-তৰকাৰী আৰু [[ম’ম’]]ৰ সৈতেও ‘আচাৰ’ ([[নেপালী]]: अचार) খোৱা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |last=Rai |first=Sikuma |title=The mother of all pickles |date=7 September 2018 |url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/the-mother-of-all-pickles/ |access-date=24 February 2022 |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224041115/https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/the-mother-of-all-pickles/ |url-status=live}}</ref> নেপালৰ বহুতো আচাৰ উৎপাদনকাৰী কাৰখানা মহিলাৰ মালিকানাধীন বা মহিলাৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত।<ref>{{cite news |title=Nepali pickle makers come into their own|url=https://kathmandupost.com/money/2015/03/14/nepali-pickle-makers-come-into-their-own |access-date=24 February 2022 |newspaper=[[The Kathmandu Post]] |language=English |archive-date=2022-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224041115/https://kathmandupost.com/money/2015/03/14/nepali-pickle-makers-come-into-their-own |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Navaras: Pickles |url=http://ecs.com.np/features/navaras-pickles |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=ECS Nepal |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224041118/http://ecs.com.np/features/navaras-pickles |url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:Dalle Khursani And Fermented Bamboo Shoot Pickle.jpg|‘ডাল্লে খুৰ্ছানী’ (গোলাকাৰ জলকীয়া) আৰু ‘তামা’ (কিণ্বিত বাঁহৰ গাজ) ৰে তৈয়াৰী নেপালী আচাৰ File:Mula Ko Aachar.jpg|মূলা কো আচাৰ (মূলাৰ আচাৰ) File:Jhol_Momo.jpg|‘ঝোল ম’ম’’-ৰ বাবে আচাৰৰপৰা প্ৰস্তুত কৰা জোল বা চুপ </gallery> === পাকিস্তান === বৰ্তমানৰ [[পাকিস্তান]]ৰ সিন্ধু প্ৰদেশ ইয়াৰ ‘চিকাৰপুৰী’ আৰু ‘হায়দৰাবাদী আচাৰ’ৰ বাবে বিশেষভাৱে জনাজাত। এই দুয়োপ্ৰকাৰৰ আচাৰ পাকিস্তান আৰু বিদেশত বহুলভাৱে খোৱা হয়।<ref name="Daily Times 2017"/> বিশ্বাস কৰা হয় যে চিকাৰপুৰী আচাৰৰ উৎপত্তি ১৬০০ চনৰ মধ্যযুগীয় ভাৰতত হৈছিল।<ref name="Daily Times 2017">{{cite news |url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/114415/all-you-need-to-know-about-shikarpurs-pickle/ |title=All you need to know about Shikarpur's pickle |date=1 October 2017 |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]] |access-date=13 January 2018 |archive-date=14 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114021004/https://dailytimes.com.pk/114415/all-you-need-to-know-about-shikarpurs-pickle/ |url-status=live}}</ref> আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় চিকাৰপুৰী আচাৰ হৈছে গাজৰ, ওলকবি (চালগোম), পিঁয়াজ, ফুলকবি, বুট, নহৰু, কেঁচা জলকীয়া, নেমু আৰু আমেৰে তৈয়াৰী এক মিশ্ৰিত আচাৰ।<ref name="Daily Times 2017"/> ইয়াৰ উপৰি আন এবিধ আচাৰ কৰ্দিয়া ডিকোটোমা (fragrant manjack) ফলৰপৰাও তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bachheti |first1=Archana |last2=Deepti |last3=Bachheti |first3=Rakesh Kumar |last4=Singh |first4=Anjita |last5=Zebeaman |first5=Meseret |last6=Hunde |first6=Yilma |last7=Husen |first7=Azamal |title=Bioactive constituents and health promoting compounds of underutilized fruits of the northern Himalayas of India: a review |journal=Food Production, Processing and Nutrition |date=2023 |volume=5 |issue=24 |article-number=24 |doi=10.1186/s43014-023-00140-5 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:Lasoora Pickle.JPG|‘লাচুৰা আচাৰ’, কৰ্দিয়া ডিকোটোমা (fragrant manjack) ফলৰপৰা প্ৰস্তুত কৰা আচাৰ </gallery> === শ্ৰীলংকা === [[শ্ৰীলংকা]]ত কেঁচা আদা, পিঁয়াজ আৰু জলকীয়া নিমখ সানি নহৰু, সৰিয়হ গুটি আৰু ভিনেগাৰেৰে সোৱাদযুক্ত কৰা হয়। ইয়াত অন্যান্য মচলা আৰু চেনিও যোগ কৰিব পাৰি। আচাৰ প্ৰস্তুত কৰিবলৈ পাচলিৰ উপৰি বিভিন্ন ফল যেনে— [[জলফাই|চিলন অলিভ]] (Ceylon olive) বা [[অমৰা|হগ প্লাম]] (hog plum) ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name="Time Out 2018">{{cite web |title=In a pickle |url=https://www.timeout.com/sri-lanka/things-to-do/in-a-pickle |publisher=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]] |access-date=14 November 2025 |date=25 May 2018}}</ref> === মধ্য প্ৰাচ্য === * ‘‘আম্বা’’ (Amba) হৈছে এবিধ মিঠা আমৰ আচাৰ, যিটো [[বম্বে]]ৰপৰা অহা ইৰাকী ইহুদী ব্যৱসায়ীসকলে [[বাগদাদ]]লৈ লৈ গৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Monterescu |first1=Daniel |last2=Hart |first2=Joel |title=The Mango Sauce Connecting Indians, Israelis and Palestinians – and Taking High-end Restaurants by Storm |url=https://www.haaretz.com/food/2018-06-01/ty-article-magazine/.premium/the-delicious-sauce-connecting-indians-israelis-and-palestinians/0000017f-e8bb-dc91-a17f-fcbfbbbf0000 |access-date=28 April 2025 |work=[[Haaretz]] |date=1 June 2018}}</ref> ই কিছু পৰিমাণে মচলাযুক্ত আমৰ চাটনিৰ দৰে।<ref>{{cite web |last=Hazout |first=Tamar Lea |title=Amba, Pickled Mango Sauce |url=https://aish.com/amba-a-pickled-mango-sauce/ |website=aish.com |publisher=[[Aish HaTorah]] |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref> ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰ সমগ্ৰ [[মধ্য প্ৰাচ্য]]তে দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়।<ref name="First">{{cite news |last=Miri |first=Adhid |title=First Tango with Mango: Iraqi Amba |url=https://www.chaldeannews.com/2023-content/2023/11/1/first-tango-with-mango-iraqi-amba |access-date=30 July 2025 |work=Chaldean News |date=1 November 2023}}</ref> === আফ্ৰিকা === [[দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা]], বটচোৱানা আৰু [[কেনিয়া]]ত ভাৰতীয় আচাৰক ‘আটচাৰ’ (atchar) বুলি কোৱা হয়। এইবোৰ প্ৰধানকৈ কেঁচা আমৰপৰা তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয় আৰু কেতিয়াবা ৰুটীৰ সৈতেও খোৱা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.doc-developpement-durable.org/file/Conservation-Graines-Semences-Vegetaux-Legumes-Refrigeration/Pickled%20Vegetables.pdf|title=Pickled Vegetables|website=Practical Action - The Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development |access-date=11 July 2019 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221125911/https://www.doc-developpement-durable.org/file/Conservation-Graines-Semences-Vegetaux-Legumes-Refrigeration/Pickled%20Vegetables.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=Pickled Vegetables |url=https://answers.practicalaction.org/our-resources/item/pickled-vegetables/ |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=Practical Action |archive-date=29 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129182031/https://answers.practicalaction.org/our-resources/item/pickled-vegetables/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[মৰিছাছ]] আৰু ৰেউনিয়নত ইয়াৰ এটা স্থানীয় সংস্কৰণক ফৰাচী ভাষাত ‘আচাৰ্ড ডি লেগুমছ’ বা মৰিচীয় ক্ৰেঅ’লত ‘জাচাৰ লেগিম’ বুলি কোৱা হয়। ই বন্ধাকবি, গাজৰ, ফ্ৰেন্স বিন, স্কোয়াচ (chayote), তাল গছৰ মজ্জা (palm heart) আৰু পিঁয়াজ আদি পাচলিসমূহৰ সংমিশ্ৰণেৰে প্ৰস্তুত কৰা হয়। ইয়াক জিৰা, [[হালধি]], কেঁচা জলকীয়া, ৰঙা জলকীয়া, আদা, নহৰু, নিমখ আৰু ভিনেগাৰেৰে মচলাযুক্ত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Achard de légumes réunionnais |website=Cuisine AZ |date=26 July 2022 |url=https://www.cuisineaz.com/recettes/achard-de-legumes-reunionnais-112997.aspx |access-date=14 November 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} == উৎসসমূহ == * {{cite book |last=Brown |first=Patricia |title=Anglo-Indian Food and Customs |date=24 February 1998 |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] India |isbn=0-14-027137-6}} * {{cite book |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |title=Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors |url=https://archive.org/details/currytaleofcooks0000coll |date=2006 |orig-date=2005 ([[Chatto & Windus]]) |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |location=London |isbn=978-0-099-43786-4}} * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |editor=Tom Jaine |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |edition=3rd |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7}} * Paralkar, Anil. 2020. "Trade, Exoticism and the English Appropriation of South Asian Pickles, c. 1600–1750." ''Cultural History'' 9(1):106–122. doi:10.3366/cult.2020.0211. * Thierry, Anne; Baty, Céline; Marché, Laurent; Chuat, Victoria; Picard, Olivier; Lortal, Sylvie; and Valence, Florence. 2023. "Lactofermentation of Vegetables: An Ancient Method of Preservation Matching New Trends." ''Trends in Food Science & Technology'' 139:104112. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2023.07.009. * Banik, Avijit; Anjum, Hasnain; Habib, Humayra; Abony, Maruf; Begum, Anowara; and Ahmed, Zakaria. 2023. "Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Street Pickles of Dhaka, Bangladesh." ''Heliyon'' 9(6):e17508. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17508. * Chakraborty, Rakhi, and Swarnendu Roy. 2018. "Exploration of the Diversity and Associated Health Benefits of Traditional Pickles from the Himalayan and Adjacent Hilly Regions of Indian Subcontinent." ''Journal of Food Science and Technology'' 55(5):1599–1613. doi:10.1007/s13197-018-3080-7. * Achaya, K. T. 1998. ''A Historical Dictionary of Indian Food.'' Oxford University Press. <nowiki>https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000acha</nowiki>. * Flachs, Andrew, and Joseph D. Orkin. 2021. "On Pickles: Biological and Sociocultural Links Between Fermented Foods and the Human Gut Microbiome." ''Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine'' 17(1):39. doi:10.1186/s13002-021-00458-9. * Behera, Sudhanshu S.; El Sheikha, Aly Farag; Hammami, Riadh; and Kumar, Awanish. 2020. "Traditionally Fermented Pickles: How the Microbial Diversity Associated with Their Nutritional and Health Benefits?" ''Journal of Functional Foods'' 70:103971. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.103971. * Sahni, Julie. 1980. ''Classic Indian Cooking.'' William Morrow. <nowiki>https://archive.org/details/classicindiancoo00sahn</nowiki>. == অধিক পঢ়ক == * {{cite journal |last=Paralkar |first=Anil |title=Trade, Exoticism and the English Appropriation of South Asian Pickles, c. 1600–1750 |journal=Cultural History |date=2020 |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=106–122 |doi=10.3366/cult.2020.0211 |s2cid=216172922 |ref=none}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰন্ধনপ্ৰণালী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কেৰালা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:বাংলাদেশৰ ৰন্ধনশৈলী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ম্যানমাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:শ্ৰীলংকা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:নেপালৰ খাদ্য]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ সংস্কৃতি]] 9clkeenfagb4nspm2f2egryg6s1at2f 0 138217 646189 643313 2026-10-20T06:40:33Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম | native_name = '''ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম''' | other_name = অনন্তপুৰী | settlement_type = [[মহানগৰ]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | total_width = 300 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 | caption_align = center | 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subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ভাৰতৰ ৰাজ্য আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয়শাসিত অঞ্চলসমূহ|ৰাজ্য]] | subdivision_name1 = {{seal|Kerala}} | subdivision_type2 = [[ভাৰতৰ জিলাসমূহ|জিলা]] | subdivision_name2 = [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম জিলা|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম]] | established_title = [[ট্ৰাভাংকুৰ]]ৰ ৰাজধানী | established_date = | founder = [[মাৰ্তাণ্ড বাৰ্মা]] | named_for = | government_type = পৌৰ [[নিগম]] | governing_body = [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগম]] | leader_title1 = [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগম|মেয়ৰ]] | leader_name1 = [[ভি. ভি. ৰাজেশ|এডভোকেট ভি. ভি. ৰাজেশ]] ([[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টী|বিজেপি]]) | leader_title2 = [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগম|উপ-মেয়ৰ]] | leader_name2 = জি. এছ. আশা নাথ ([[ভাৰতীয় জনতা পাৰ্টী|বিজেপি]]) | leader_title3 = [[সংসদ সদস্য, লোকসভা|সংসদ সদস্য]] | leader_name3 = [[শশী থাৰুৰ|ড° শশী থাৰুৰ]] ([[ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্ৰেছ|আই.এন.চি.]]) | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 214 | area_metro_km2 = 311 | area_metro_footnotes = | total_type = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rank = প্ৰথম | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 38.93 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 957730 | population_as_of = | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 1890406 | population_metro_footnotes = | population_demonym = ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমবাসী | blank_name = সাধাৰণ ভাষা | blank_info = [[মালায়ালম ভাষা|মালায়ালম]], [[ইংৰাজী ভাষা|ইংৰাজী]] | blank1_name_sec1 = [[মুঠ ঘৰুৱা উৎপাদন]] (২০২০) | blank1_info_sec1 = ১৫.৭৭৭ বিলিয়ন [[আমেৰিকান ডলাৰ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = মুঠ ঘৰুৱা উৎপাদন | blank2_info_sec1 = | blank1_name_sec2 = [[আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ]] | blank1_info_sec2 = [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ]] | blank2_name_sec2 = আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰ | blank2_info_sec2 = [[ভিঝিনজাম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম]] | blank3_name_sec2 = ৰকেট উৎক্ষেপণ কেন্দ্ৰ | blank3_info_sec2 = [[থুম্বা ইকুৱেটৰিয়েল ৰকেট উৎক্ষেপণ কেন্দ্ৰ]] | blank4_name_sec2 = [[জলবায়ু]] | blank4_info_sec2 = Am/Aw ([[কোপেন জলবায়ু শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন|কোপেন]]) | timezone1 = [[ভাৰতীয় প্ৰমাণ সময়|আই.এছ.টি.]] | utc_offset1 = +৫:৩০ | postal_code_type = [[পিন ক’ড|PIN]] | postal_code = 695XXX | area_code = [[ভাৰতৰ দূৰভাষ নম্বৰ|+৯১ ৪৭১-XXXXXXX]] | registration_plate = * KL-01 তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম * KL-22 [[কাজাকুট্টম]] * KL-15 [[কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যিক পথ পৰিবহণ নিগম|কেৰেলা আৰ.টি.চি.]] * KL-16 [[আট্টিংগল]] * KL-19 [[পাৰাছালা]] * KL-20 [[নেইয়াত্তিনকাৰা]] * KL-21 [[নেদুমাংগাদ]] * KL-74 [[কাট্টাক্কাদা]] * KL-81 [[ভাৰকলা]] | website = {{URL|trivandrum.nic.in}} }} {{ভাল প্ৰবন্ধ}} '''তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম''' ({{lang-en| Thiruvananthapuram}}, {{lang-ml|തിരുവനന്തപുരം}}) ভাৰতৰ [[কেৰেলা]] ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী চহৰ। এই চহৰৰ আন এটা নাম '''ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম'''। ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি, [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগম]]ৰ জনসংখ্যা আছিল ৯,৫৭,৭৩০ জন।<ref name="citypop">{{cite web |title=General Information |url=https://tmc.lsgkerala.gov.in/index.php/en/general-information |website=Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref> এই চহৰখন ২১৪.৮৬ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ অঞ্চলজুৰি বিস্তৃত। ই কেৰেলাৰ আটাইতকৈ বেছি জনসংখ্যা থকা চহৰ।<ref name="districtprofile">{{cite web |title=About District |url=https://trivandrum.nic.in/en/about-district/ |website=District Administration Thiruvananthapuram |access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref> আনহাতে, ৫৪৩ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ এলেকাৰে গঠিত বৃহত্তৰ [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম মহানগৰ অঞ্চল]]ৰ জনসংখ্যা ১৭ লাখতকৈও অধিক।<ref name="uapop">{{cite web |title=A -4 TOWNS AND URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS CLASSIFIED BY POPULATION SIZE CLASS IN 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42876/download/46544/CLASS_I.xlsx |website=Census India |publisher=Government of India |access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref> ভাৰতৰ অতি কমসংখ্যক চহৰৰ ভিতৰত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম অন্যতম, যি একেলগে বহুকেইটা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে। এই চহৰখন এখন ৰাজধানী চহৰ।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://trivandrum.nic.in/en/about-district/ | title=About District | District Thiruvananthapuram, Government of Kerala | India }}</ref> ই এখন ঐতিহাসিক ঐতিহ্যবাহী চহৰ।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.outlookmoney.com/retirement/spend/travel/discovering-thiruvananthapuram-a-blend-of-culture-nature-and-heritage | title=Discovering Thiruvananthapuram: A Blend of Culture, Nature, and Heritage | date=13 January 2025 }}</ref> ইয়াৰ লগতে ই এখন সাগৰীয় বাণিজ্যিক চহৰ।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vizhinjamport.in/visl/ | title=About Vizhinjam International Seaport Limited (VISL) }}</ref> এই চহৰখন এক [[তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি]] কেন্দ্ৰ।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://technopark.in/discover-technopark-the-iconic-it-park-in-trivandrum | title=Discover Technopark: The Iconic IT Park in Trivandrum }}</ref> ই এখন [[মহাকাশ গৱেষণা]] চহৰ।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.isro.gov.in/VSSC.html | title=Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) }}</ref> চহৰখন প্ৰতিৰক্ষা আৰু মটৰগাড়ী প্ৰযুক্তিৰ এক প্ৰধান কেন্দ্ৰ।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://neosciencehub.com/thiruvananthapurams-rise-as-a-global-automotive-hub/ | title=Thiruvananthapuram's Rise as a Global Automotive Hub - Neo Science Hub | date=5 September 2024 }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ই এখন [[জৈৱ বিজ্ঞান]] চহৰ<ref>{{Cite web | title=BIO 360 | url=https://www.bio360.in/ | access-date=2025-08-18 | website=Bio360.in}}</ref> আৰু পৰ্যটন চহৰ।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.incredibleindia.gov.in/en/kerala/thiruvananthapuram | title=Thiruvananthapuram Tourism }}</ref> চহৰখন বিভিন্ন গৱেষণা তথা উন্নয়নমূলক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ বাবেও জনাজাত। সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বৰ ভিতৰতে এই চহৰখন এক বিৰল স্থান। কাৰণ ইয়াৰ মূল চহৰ কেন্দ্ৰৰ একেবাৰে ওচৰতে এটা [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ|আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ]] আৰু এটা [[ভিঝিনজাম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম|আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গভীৰ সাগৰীয় বন্দৰ]] অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{Cite web | title = Draft EIA Report for Vizhinjam Port (Phase III) | url = https://kspcb.kerala.gov.in/assets/uploads/widget/public_hearing_files/Vizhinjam_Port_(Phase_IIIII)_-Draft_EIA_Report.pdf | website = Vizhinjam Port Official Website | publisher = L&T, VISL, Government of Kerala | date = 15 June 2021 | access-date = 15 August 2024 | page = 36 | archivedate = 15 August 2024 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20240815184054/https://kspcb.kerala.gov.in/assets/uploads/widget/public_hearing_files/Vizhinjam_Port_(Phase_IIIII)_-Draft_EIA_Report.pdf | deadurl = yes }}</ref> ভাৰতৰ পশ্চিম উপকূলত আৰু মূল ভূ-খণ্ডৰ একেবাৰে দক্ষিণ অংশৰ ওচৰত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম অৱস্থিত। এই বন্দৰ চহৰখন অতি ব্যস্ত পূব-পশ্চিম সাগৰীয় জাহাজ পথৰপৰা ১০ সাগৰীয় মাইল (nmi) নিলগত অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{Cite web | title = Environment compliance Report | url = https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Vizhinjam-Port-Documents/Environment-Compliance-Report/Previous-Environment-Compliance-Report/Compliance-Report_VISL_Oct-2022-Mar-2023.pdf | website = Adani Ports | publisher = VISIL, Government of Kerala | date = 2021-06-15 | access-date = 2024-08-15 | page = 45 }}</ref> এই চহৰখনতে ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথমটো গভীৰ সাগৰীয় কণ্টেইনাৰ ট্ৰান্স-শ্বিপমেণ্ট বন্দৰ অৱস্থিত। ইয়াৰ নাম [[ভিঝিনজাম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম]]।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2032811#:~:text=The%20Union%20Minister%20of%20Ports,port%20in%20Vizhinjam%2C%20Kerala%20today | title=Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal receives First Mother Ship at Vizhinjam- India's first deep water Container Transhipment Port|website=Pib.gov.in }}</ref> চহৰখনৰ ভূ-খণ্ড চাপৰ উপকূলীয় পাহাৰেৰে ঢৌ খেলোৱা।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kapoor |first1=Subodh |title=The Indian encyclopaedia : biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |location=New Delhi |isbn=8177552570 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Ukyp-gbtHcC}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ইয়াৰ চহকী সাংস্কৃতিক ঐতিহ্যৰ বাবেও জনাজাত। এই চহৰখন স্বাতী তিৰুনাল ৰামা বাৰ্মাৰ সংগীত সাধনাৰ সৈতে জড়িত। বিখ্যাত চিত্ৰশিল্পী [[ৰাজা ৰবি বাৰ্মা]]ৰ কলাত্মক ঐতিহ্যৰ বাবেও চহৰখন বিখ্যাত। উলূৰ এছ পৰমেশ্বৰ আয়াৰ, কুমাৰন আছান, চি ভি ৰমন পিল্লাই আৰু নাৰায়ণ গুৰুৰ দৰে ব্যক্তিসকলে ইয়াৰপৰাই মালায়ালম সাহিত্যৰ বিকাশত বিশেষ অৱদান আগবঢ়াইছিল। এই চহৰখনতে বিখ্যাত [[পদ্মনাভস্বামী মন্দিৰ]] অৱস্থিত। এই মন্দিৰটো বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ চহকী মন্দিৰ হিচাপে পৰিচিত।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/richest-hindu-temple | title=Richest Hindu temple | work=Guinness World Records }}</ref> বৰ্তমানৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম অঞ্চলটো পূৰ্বতে আয় সাম্ৰাজ্যই শাসন কৰিছিল। তেওঁলোক [[চেৰা ৰাজবংশ]]ৰ সামন্ত আছিল।<ref name="vizhis3"/> দ্বাদশ শতিকাত এই অঞ্চলটো বেণ্ড সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনলৈ আহে।<ref name="vizhis3"/> অষ্টাদশ শতিকাত ৰজা [[মাৰ্তাণ্ড বাৰ্মা]]ই এই ভূ-খণ্ড বিস্তাৰ কৰে। তেওঁ [[ট্ৰাভাংকুৰ]] ৰাজ্য প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে আৰু তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমক ইয়াৰ ৰাজধানী পাতে।<ref name="history1">{{cite book |last1=Boland-Crewe |first1=Tara |last2=Lea |first2=David |title=The Territories and States of India |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781135356255 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M2uPAgAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> ১৭৫৫ চনত পুৰক্কাঁড়ৰ যুদ্ধত কেলিকটৰ শক্তিশালী জামোৰিনক পৰাস্ত কৰি ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ কেৰেলাৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰভাৱশালী ৰাজ্য হৈ পৰে।<ref name="AHoT 162">{{cite book |last1=Shungoony Menon |first1=P. |title=A History of Travancore from the Earliest Times |date=1878 |publisher=Higgin Botham & Co. |location=Madras |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ahistorytravanc00menogoog/page/n212 162]–164 |url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorytravanc00menogoog |access-date=5 May 2016 |language=en |format=pdf}}</ref> ১৯৪৭ চনত ভাৰতৰ স্বাধীনতা লাভৰ পিছত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ-কোচিন ৰাজ্যৰ ৰাজধানী হয়। পিছত ১৯৫৬ চনত নতুন [[কেৰেলা]] ৰাজ্য গঠন হোৱালৈকে ই ৰাজধানী হৈয়েই থাকে।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abram |first1=David |last2=Edwards |first2=Nick |title=The Rough Guide to South India |date=2003 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=9781843531036 |page=306 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEhJBfbhTAAC |access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Padmanabhan |first=N |title=Formation of Kerala Society and Culture |publisher=University Of Calicut, Distant Education |year=2011 |pages=5 |language=English}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম এক উল্লেখযোগ্য শৈক্ষিক আৰু গৱেষণা কেন্দ্ৰ। ইয়াত [[কেৰেলা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]], এ পি জে আব্দুল কালাম প্ৰযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আৰু ইন্দিৰা গান্ধী ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুক্ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ আঞ্চলিক মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় অৱস্থিত। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইয়াত বহুতো স্কুল-কলেজ আছে। চহৰখনত ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আন্তঃশাখা বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান আৰু [[ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ গৱেষণা সংস্থা]]ৰ অধীনস্থ [[বিক্ৰম সাৰাভাই মহাকাশ কেন্দ্ৰ]] অৱস্থিত। তদুপৰি ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান, ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৃথিৱী বিজ্ঞান অধ্যয়ন কেন্দ্ৰ আৰু ভাৰতীয় বিজ্ঞান শিক্ষা আৰু গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ (IISER) এটা চৌহদ ইয়াত আছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dqweek.com/thiruvananthapuram-one-of-the-souths-hottest-it-hubs/ |title=Thiruvananthapuram: One of the South's Hottest IT Hubs-DQWeek |website=Dqweek.com |date=23 April 2015 |access-date=20 December 2017}}</ref> এই চহৰখনৰপৰাই ভাৰতৰ মহাকাশ কাৰ্যসূচীৰ আৰম্ভণি হৈছিল। ইয়াত লিকুইড প্ৰপালচন চিষ্টেমছ চেণ্টাৰৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় আছে। চহৰখনত 'টুঞ্জ এনিমেচন ইণ্ডিয়া' আৰু 'টাটা এলেক্সি লিমিটেড'ৰ দৰে সংবাদ মাধ্যম প্ৰতিষ্ঠান আছে। লগতে মালায়ালম ছবিৰ অন্যতম প্ৰথম চলচ্চিত্ৰ ষ্টুডিঅ’ 'চিত্ৰাঞ্জলী ফিল্ম ষ্টুডিঅ’' ইয়াত অৱস্থিত। কাজাকুট্টমত থকা 'কিনফ্ৰা ফিল্ম এণ্ড ভিডিঅ' পাৰ্ক' হৈছে ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথমটো তথ্য-মনোৰঞ্জন ঔদ্যোগিক উদ্যান।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasanna |first1=Laxmi |title=With centres nod, foundation stone laid for KINFRA's second phase IT/ ITES Park in Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/With-centres-nod-foundation-stone-laid-for-KINFRAs-second-phase-IT/-ITES-Park-in-Thiruvananthapuram/articleshow/55586474.cms |access-date=28 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=23 November 2016}}</ref> ২০১২ চনত 'দ্য টাইমছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া'ই কৰা এক ক্ষেত্ৰভিত্তিক সমীক্ষাত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমক কেৰেলাৰ ভিতৰত বাস কৰিবলৈ আটাইতকৈ উত্তম চহৰ বুলি উল্লেখ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times of India |title=Thiruvananthapuram best Kerala city to live in: Times survey |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Thiruvananthapuram-best-Kerala-city-to-live-in-Times-survey/articleshow/11703099.cms |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> ২০১৩ চনত 'ইণ্ডিয়া টুডেই' চলোৱা এক সমীক্ষাত চহৰখনে ভাৰতৰ বাসোপযোগী চহৰসমূহৰ ভিতৰত পোন্ধৰ নম্বৰ স্থান লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name="India Today survey">{{cite news |title=India's Best Cities: Winners and Why they made it |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20130304-india-best-cities-winners-and-why-they-made-it-survey-762219-1999-11-29 |access-date=27 March 2013 |newspaper=India Today |date=22 February 2013}}</ref> 'জনগ্ৰহ চিটিজেনশ্বিপ এণ্ড ডেম’ক্ৰেচি' কেন্দ্ৰই চলোৱা ভাৰতৰ চহৰ-ব্যৱস্থাৰ বাৰ্ষিক সমীক্ষা অনুসৰি ২০১৫ আৰু ২০১৬ চনত ধাৰাবাহিকভাৱে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ভাৰতৰ সৰ্বশ্ৰেষ্ঠ চহৰ হিচাপে বিবেচিত হৈছিল।<ref name="Best Indian City">{{cite news |title=Thiruvananthapuram is the best city in India:Survey |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/mar/02/thiruvananthapuram-is-the-best-city-in-india-survey-1576345.html#:~:text=THIRUVANANTHAPURAM%3A%20Thiruvananthapuram%20retained%20its%20title,on%20a%20scale%20of%2010. |access-date=6 June 2020 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=2 March 2017}}</ref> ২০১৭ চনত কৰা একেটা সংস্থাৰে আন এক সমীক্ষাত চহৰখন ভাৰতৰ আটাইতকৈ উন্নত প্ৰশাসনীয় ব্যৱস্থা থকা চহৰ হিচাপে প্ৰথম স্থানত নিৰ্বাচিত হৈছিল।<ref name="Best Governed City">{{cite news |title=Delhi, Mumbai not the best in urban governance, Thiruvananthapuram first |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/delhi-mumbai-not-the-best-in-urban-governance-thiruvananthapuram-ranked-first/story-6zSWlfeb9eE66mOOEgfPwO.html |access-date=17 May 2017 |newspaper=Hindusthan Times |publisher=HT Media Limited |date=28 February 2017}}</ref> == নামৰ উৎপত্তি == এই চহৰখনৰ নাম [[মালায়ালম ভাষা|মালায়ালম]] শব্দ 'তিৰু-অনন্ত-পুৰম' ({{lang|ml|തിരുവനന്തപുരം}}) ৰপৰা আহিছে। ইয়াৰ অৰ্থ হৈছে "ভগৱান অনন্তৰ চহৰ" (অনন্ত অৰ্থাৎ অসীম, অনাদি বা চিৰন্তন)।<ref name="Meaning of name">{{cite web |title=About Thiruvananthapuram |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=158&Itemid=11 |publisher=Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation |access-date=29 October 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918085703/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=158&Itemid=11 |archive-date=18 September 2010 |archivedate=18 September 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918085703/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=158&Itemid=11 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চহৰখনত অৱস্থিত [[পদ্মনাভস্বামী মন্দিৰ|শ্ৰী পদ্মনাভস্বামী মন্দিৰ]]ৰ আৰাধ্য দেৱতাৰ নামানুসৰি এই নামকৰণ কৰা হৈছে। সাহিত্য আৰু জনপ্ৰিয় কথনত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমক 'অনন্তপুৰী' বুলিও জনা যায়। এই নামটো [[সংস্কৃত ভাষা|সংস্কৃত]] শব্দ 'স্যানন্দুৰাপুৰম'ৰপৰা উদ্ভৱ হৈছে। [[ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ]]ৰ তদানীন্তন মহাৰাজ স্বাতী তিৰুনালে ৰচনা কৰা কৰ্ণাটকী কীৰ্তনসমূহত ইয়াৰ অৰ্থ "পৰম আনন্দৰ চহৰ" বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/swati-manuscripts-found/article1836941.ece |title=Swati manuscripts found |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=3 August 2016}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ১৯৯১ চনলৈকে চহৰখনক চৰকাৰীভাৱে 'ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম' বুলি কোৱা হৈছিল (ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম চহৰখনৰ ইংৰাজী ৰূপ আছিল)। ইয়াৰ পিছত চৰকাৰে চহৰখনৰ মূল নাম 'তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম' পুনৰ বাহাল ৰখাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Balid |first1=Vivek |last2=Chatterji |first2=Miabi |last3=Reddy |first3=Sujani |last4=Vimalassery |first4=Manu |title=The sun never sets : South Asian migrants in an age of U.S. power |date=2013 |publisher=NYU Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0814786437 |page=122}}</ref> চহৰখনক [[তামিল ভাষা|তামিল]] আৰু [[তেলেগু ভাষা|তেলেগু]] ভাষাত 'আনন্দপট্টনম' বা 'আনন্দপতম' বুলিও কোৱা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ অৰ্থও মূল নামটোৰ দৰেই "আনন্দৰ চহৰ।" == ইতিহাস == [[File:Raja ravivarma painting 50 historic meeting.jpg|thumb|left|১৮৮০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিত ৰিচাৰ্ড টেম্পল-গ্ৰেনভিল (বাকিংহাম আৰু চান্দোছৰ তৃতীয় ডিউক) তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমলৈ অহাৰ সময়ত বিশাখম তিৰুনালে তেওঁক জনোৱা আদৰণি আৰু কাষতে ট্ৰাভাংকোৰৰ আয়িল্যম তিৰুনালে চাই থকাৰ দৃশ্য অংকিত [[ৰাজা ৰবি বাৰ্মা]]ৰ এক চিত্ৰকল্প]] [[File:TVM Padmanabhaswamy Temple.jpg|thumb|left|[[পদ্মনাভস্বামী মন্দিৰ]] হৈছে বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ চহকী মন্দিৰ। ]] [[File:Padmanabhapuram Clock Tower.jpg|left|250px|thumbnail|[[পদ্মনাভপুৰম ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ]]]] === প্ৰাগৈতিহাসিক যুগ === তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম এক তুলনামূলকভাৱে আধুনিক অঞ্চল। ইয়াৰ বাণিজ্যৰ পৰম্পৰা খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ১০০০ চনৰেপৰা চলি আহিছে।<ref>De Beth Hillel, David (1832). ''Travels'' ([[Madras]] publication).</ref><ref>Lord, James Henry (1977). ''The Jews in India and the Far East''; Greenwood Press Reprint; {{ISBN|0-8371-2615-0}}.</ref> বিশ্বাস কৰা হয় যে খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব ১০৩৬ চনত ৰজা [[চলোমন|ৰজা চলোমন]]ৰ জাহাজসমূহ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ [[অফিৰ]] (বৰ্তমানৰ [[পুভাৰ]]) নামৰ এটা বন্দৰত চাপিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |title=The Business Directory, Kerala |date=1972 |publisher=National Publishers |page=45}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The March of India, Volume 15, Issues 1–9 |date=1963 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUD24pMsKvYC}}</ref> এই চহৰখন [[মচলা]], [[চন্দন কাঠ]] আৰু [[হাতীৰ দাঁত]]ৰ এক প্ৰধান বাণিজ্য কেন্দ্ৰ আছিল।<ref name="Ancient Trade in Thiruvananthapuram">{{cite web |publisher=Technopark Kerala |work=About Thiruvananthapuram |url=http://www.technopark.org/abttvm01.htm |title=Ancient Trade in Thiruvananthapuram |access-date=17 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003090427/http://www.technopark.org/abttvm01.htm |archive-date=3 October 2006 |url-status=dead |archivedate=3 October 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061003090427/http://www.technopark.org/abttvm01.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> অৱশ্যে চহৰখনৰ প্ৰাচীন ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক ইতিহাস কেৰেলাৰ বাকী অংশতকৈ প্ৰায় সম্পূৰ্ণ স্বতন্ত্ৰ আছিল। === প্ৰাচীন যুগ === বৰ্তমানৰ কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যৰ দক্ষিণ অঞ্চল (তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আৰু [[আলাপ্পুঝা]]ৰ মাজৰ উপকূলীয় অঞ্চল) আয় ৰাজবংশৰ অধীনত আছিল। এই ৰাজবংশটো [[মাদুৰাই]]ৰ [[পাণ্ড্য ৰাজবংশ]]ৰ সৈতে অধিক সম্পৰ্কিত আছিল।<ref>KA Nilakanta Sastri</ref>{{page needed|date=May 2026}} চহৰখনৰ প্ৰাৰম্ভিক শাসকসকল আছিল [[আয় সাম্ৰাজ্য]]ৰ লোক। বৰ্তমানৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ অন্তৰ্গত [[ভিঝিনজাম]] নামৰ অঞ্চলটোৱেই তেতিয়া আয় ৰাজবংশৰ ৰাজধানী আছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woodcock |first1=George |title=Kerala: a portrait of the Malabar coast |date=1967 |publisher=Faber & Faber |page=[https://archive.org/details/keralaportraitof0000wood/page/65 65] |url=https://archive.org/details/keralaportraitof0000wood |url-access=registration |access-date=24 June 2018}}</ref> খ্ৰীষ্টপূৰ্ব দ্বিতীয় শতিকাৰপৰাই ভিঝিনজাম এখন গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ বন্দৰ চহৰ আছিল।<ref name="vizhis">{{cite book |last1=Mathew |first1=K S |title=Imperial Rome, Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris: New Perspectives on Maritime Trade |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1351997522 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8iUlDwAAQBAJ |access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nayar |first1=K Balachandran |title=In Quest of Kerala: Geography, places of interest, political history, social history, literature |date=1974 |publisher=Accent Publications |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EXIeAAAAMAAJ |access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> আয় ৰাজবংশৰ শাসনকালত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমে বহুতো যুদ্ধৰ মুখা-মুখি হৈছিল। সেই সময়ত [[চোল ৰাজবংশ|চোল]] আৰু [[পাণ্ড্য ৰাজবংশ|পাণ্ড্য]] ৰাজবংশই এই বন্দৰ চহৰখন দখল কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা চলাইছিল।<ref name="vizhis1">{{cite news |last1=Babu George |first1=Sarath |title=Vizhinjam in historical perspective |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/vizhinjam-in-historical-perspective/article7468781.ece |access-date=9 July 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="vizhis2">{{cite news |last1=Mahadevan |first1=G |title=Shedding light on Vizhinjam's golden past |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/shedding-light-on-vizhinjams-golden-past/article5981994.ece |access-date=9 July 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=6 May 2014}}</ref> === মধ্য যুগ === খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দ ৯২৫-ত ৰজা [[বিক্ৰমাদিত্য বৰগুণ]]ৰ মৃত্যুৰ পাছত আয়সকলৰ গৌৰৱ ম্লান পৰে। ইয়াৰ ফলত তেওঁলোকৰ প্ৰায় সকলো ভূ-খণ্ড [[চেৰা ৰাজবংশ]]ৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite book |title=Proceedings – Indian History Congress |date=1987 |publisher=Indian History Congress |page=187 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=POltAAAAMAAJ |access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref><ref name="vizhis3"/> দশম শতিকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত চোলসকলে ভিঝিনজাম আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলসমূহত আক্ৰমণ কৰি লুণ্ঠন চলায়।<ref name="vizhis3"/> এই সময়ছোৱাতে চোলসকলে ভিঝিনজামৰ বন্দৰ আৰু কাণ্ঠালুৰ শালা নামৰ ঐতিহাসিক শিক্ষা কেন্দ্ৰটো ধ্বংস কৰিছিল।<ref name="kanthalloor">{{cite news |last1=Haridas |first1=Aathira |title=Chronicles of Kanthalloor Sala which got lost in the mists of time |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2018/apr/17/chronicles-of-kanthalloor-sala-which-got-lost-in-the-mists-of-time-1802832.html |access-date=9 July 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=17 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Roy |first1=Kaushik |title=Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317321279 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GpNECgAAQBAJ |access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> [[পদ্মনাভস্বামী মন্দিৰ]] নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰা আয় পৰিয়ালৰ এটা শাখা দ্বাদশ শতিকাত [[ভেণ্ড সাম্ৰাজ্য]]ৰ সৈতে একত্ৰিত হয়।<ref name="vizhis3">{{cite book |last1=Sreedhara Menon |first1=A |title=Kerala History and its Makers |date=2011 |publisher=D C Books |isbn=9788126437825 |page=35 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wnAjqjhc1VcC |access-date=9 July 2018}}</ref> [[File:1733 Homann Heirs Map of India - Geographicus - India-homannheirs-1733.jpg|left|thumb|১৭৩৩ চনত হোমেন হেয়াৰ্ছে অংকন কৰা [[মালাবাৰ উপকূল]]ৰ এখন মানচিত্ৰ। মানচিত্ৰত দেখুওৱাৰ দৰে সেই সময়ত ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ কেৱল [[কোল্লাম]] আৰু [[কন্যা কুমাৰী]]ৰ মাজত আবদ্ধ থকা এটা সৰু ভূ-খণ্ড আছিল (বৰ্তমানৰ কেৱল [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম জিলা]] আৰু কন্যাকুমাৰী জিলা)। ]] === প্ৰাক-আধুনিক যুগ === অষ্টাদশ শতিকাৰ দ্বিতীয়াৰ্ধত ট্ৰাভাংকোৰে [[কোচিন সাম্ৰাজ্য|কোচিন]] পৰ্যন্ত থকা সাম্ৰাজ্যসমূহ উত্তৰাধিকাৰ সূত্ৰে লাভ কৰে। ইয়াৰ ফলত ই এখন শক্তিশালী ৰাজ্যত পৰিণত হয় আৰু তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কেৰেলাৰ এখন প্ৰধান চহৰ হৈ পৰে। বৰ্তমানৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰ, জিলা আৰু [[কন্যাকুমাৰী জিলা]] ভাৰতীয় উপমহাদেশৰ একেবাৰে দক্ষিণ অংশত অৱস্থিত আছিল। প্ৰাচীন আৰু [[মধ্য যুগ|মধ্য যুগত]] এই অঞ্চলসমূহ [[আয় সাম্ৰাজ্য]]ৰ অংশ আছিল।<ref name="askh">{{cite book |last1=Sreedhara Menon |first1=A. |title=A Survey of Kerala History |year=2007 |publisher=DC Books |location=Kottayam |isbn=9788126415786 |edition=2007 |url=https://dcbookstore.com/books/a-survey-of-kerala-history}}</ref> বিভিন্ন সময়ত আয় সাম্ৰাজ্যই [[চোল ৰাজবংশ|চোল]] আৰু [[পাণ্ড্য ৰাজবংশ|পাণ্ড্য]]সকলৰ আক্ৰমণ আৰু বিজয়ৰ সন্মুখীন হৈছিল।<ref name="askh"/> পিছলৈ মধ্য যুগৰ শেষৰফালে ই [[ভেণ্ড সাম্ৰাজ্য]]ৰ অংশ হৈ পৰে। এই অঞ্চলটোৱেই খ্ৰীষ্টীয় অষ্টাদশ শতিকাত শক্তিশালী [[ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ]] ৰাজ্য হিচাপে বিস্তাৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref name="askh"/> পদ্মনাভস্বামী মন্দিৰত [[তামিল লোক|তামিল]]-দ্ৰাবিড় শৈলীৰ স্থাপত্যশৈলী দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়। এই স্থাপত্যশৈলীয়ে ইয়াক [[কেৰেলা]]ৰ উত্তৰ আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয় অঞ্চলৰ মন্দিৰসমূহৰ স্থাপত্যশৈলিতকৈ পৃথক আৰু অনন্য কৰি তুলিছে।<ref name="askh"/> [[File:Thambiran Vanakkam 1578.JPG|left|thumbnail|পৰ্তুগীজ যুগত ১৫৭৮ চনত ভেণ্ডৰ ৰাজধানী কোল্লামত '[[থাম্বিৰান ৱানাক্কাম]]' মুদ্ৰণ কৰা হৈছিল। যিকোনো ভাৰতীয় ভাষাত মুদ্ৰিত প্ৰথমখন কিতাপ হিচাপে ইয়াৰ অভিলেখ আছে। এইখন মধ্য যুগত কেৰেলাত প্ৰচলিত 'লিংগুৱা মালাবাৰ তামোল' ভাষাত লিখা হৈছিল। ]] === উত্তৰ-আধুনিক যুগ === খ্ৰীষ্টীয় অষ্টাদশ শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিতে, [[ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ ৰাজপৰিয়াল]] লৈ [[কন্নুৰ]]ত থকা [[কোলাথুনাডু]] ৰাজপৰিয়ালৰ একাংশ সদস্যক তোলনীয়া হিচাপে অনা হৈছিল।<ref>Travancore State Manual</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত, উত্তৰাধিকাৰ সূত্ৰে ভেণ্ড সাম্ৰাজ্য লাভ কৰা [[মাৰ্তাণ্ড বাৰ্মা]]ই কায়ামকুলাম, কত্তাৰাক্কাৰা, কত্তায়ম, চাংগানাছেৰী, মীনাক্কিল, পুঞ্জাৰ আৰু আম্বালাপ্পুঝা আদি সাম্ৰাজ্যসমূহ জয় কৰি নিজৰ ৰাজ্য বিস্তাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360725777|title=(PDF) Royal Titles, Epithets and Kingship: An Archaeological Analysis into the Epigraphical Records of Venad Kings|website=Researchgate.net|access-date=8 June 2026}}</ref> ১৭২৯ চনত মাৰ্তাণ্ড বাৰ্মাই ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ (থিৰুভিথামকুৰ) দেশীয় ৰাজ্যখন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। কন্যাকুমাৰী জিলাৰ [[পদ্মনাভপুৰম]]ৰপৰা ৰাজধানী স্থানান্তৰ কৰাৰ পাছত ১৭৯৫ চনত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমক নতুন ৰাজধানী পতা হয়।<ref name="district history">{{cite web |title=History |url=https://trivandrum.gov.in/history/ |website=District Administration Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, Government of India |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> মাৰ্তাণ্ড বাৰ্মাৰ শাসনকালত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কেৰেলাৰ এখন আগশাৰীৰ চহৰ হৈ পৰে।<ref name="Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc 2013">{{Britannica|606138|Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref> [[File:A language map of India prepared for the missionary projects at Serampore, 1822.jpg|thumbnail|১৮২২ চনত প্ৰস্তুত কৰা ভাৰতৰ এখন ভাষিক মানচিত্ৰ। ]] চুবুৰীয়া জমিদাৰী বা সৰু সৰু ৰাজ্যসমূহ নিজৰ সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰাৰ ফলত, সেই ঠাইবোৰৰ শিল্পী আৰু পণ্ডিতসকল তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ ফলত চহৰখন এক সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত হয়। মাৰ্তাণ্ড বাৰ্মাই কুথু, পধকম, [[কথাকলি]], থুল্লাল আৰু [[কুডিয়াট্টম]]কে ধৰি বিভিন্ন মন্দিৰ-কেন্দ্ৰিক শিল্পকলাক পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা আগবঢ়াইছিল। ৰামাপুৰথু ৱাৰিয়াৰ আৰু কুঞ্চন নাম্বিয়াৰৰ দৰে প্ৰখ্যাত শিল্পীসকলে তেওঁৰ ৰাজসভাৰ কবি হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল।<ref name="Gauri Lakshmi Bayi 1998 152–168">{{cite book |last=Gauri Lakshmi Bayi |first=Aswathi Thirunal |title=Sreepadmanabhaswami Kshetram |year=1998 |publisher=The State Institute Of Languages |location=Thiruvananthapuram |isbn=978-81-7638-028-7 |pages=152–168}}</ref> ১৭৫৫ চনত পুৰক্কাঁড়ৰ যুদ্ধত কোঝিকোডৰ শক্তিশালী জামোৰিনক পৰাস্ত কৰি ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ কেৰেলাৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰভাৱশালী ৰাজ্য হৈ পৰে।<ref name="AHoT 162"/> এই সময়ছোৱাতে চহৰখন এটা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ বৌদ্ধিক আৰু কলাত্মক কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে গঢ়ি উঠিছিল। ঊনবিংশ শতিকাৰ মাজভাগত মহাৰাজ স্বাতী তিৰুনাল ৰামা বাৰ্মা আৰু মহাৰাজ আয়িল্যম তিৰুনালৰ শাসনকালত চহৰখনে সোণালী যুগৰ মুখ দেখিবলৈ পাইছিল। এই সময়ছোৱাতে প্ৰথমখন ইংৰাজী স্কুল (১৮৩৪), জ্যোতিৰ্বিজ্ঞান পৰ্যৱেক্ষণ কেন্দ্ৰ বা [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৰ্যৱেক্ষণ কেন্দ্ৰ|পৰ্যৱেক্ষণ কেন্দ্ৰ]] (১৮৩৭), জেনেৰেল হাস্পতাল (১৮৩৯), অ’ৰিয়েণ্টেল ৰিচাৰ্চ ইনষ্টিটিউট এণ্ড মেনুস্ক্ৰিপ্টচ লাইব্ৰেৰী আৰু ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি কলেজ (১৮৭৩) প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হৈছিল। ৰাজ্যখনৰ প্ৰথমখন মানসিক চিকিৎসালয়ো এই একে সময়তে আৰম্ভ কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত মূলম তিৰুনালৰ (১৮৮৫–১৯২৪) শাসনকালত সংস্কৃত কলেজ, [[আয়ুৰ্বেদ]] কলেজ, আইন কলেজ আৰু মহিলাৰ বাবে এখন দ্বিতীয় শ্ৰেণীৰ কলেজ আৰম্ভ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="History of Thiruvananthapuram">{{cite web |publisher=Govt. of Kerala |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/about-corporation |title=About Corporation |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-date=2 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502105139/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/about-corporation |url-status=dead |archivedate=2 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502105139/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/about-corporation |deadurl=yes }}</ref> === সমসাময়িক যুগ === বিংশ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথমাৰ্ধ আছিল চহৰখনৰ বাবে ব্যাপক ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু সামাজিক পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ যুগ। ১৯০৪ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা [[শ্ৰী মূলম পপুলাৰ এচেম্ব্লী]] আছিল যিকোনো ভাৰতীয় ৰাজ্যৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰথমটো গণতান্ত্ৰিকভাৱে নিৰ্বাচিত বিধান পৰিষদ।<ref>{{cite web |title=History of legislative bodies in Kerala-- Sri Mulam Popular Assembly |url=http://keralaassembly.org/history/popular.html |publisher=Keralaassembly |access-date=17 May 2017}}</ref> কোনো সময়তে [[ব্ৰিটিছ সাম্ৰাজ্য]]ৰ প্ৰত্যক্ষ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণত নথকাৰ পিছতো চহৰখনে [[ভাৰতৰ স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলন|ভাৰতৰ স্বাধীনতা সংগ্ৰাম]]ত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত [[ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্ৰেছ]]ৰ অতি সক্ৰিয় উপস্থিতি আছিল। ১৯৩৮ চনত ড° [[পট্টভি সিতাৰামায়া]]ৰ সভাপতিত্বত ভাৰতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্ৰেছৰ এখন বৈঠক ইয়াত অনুষ্ঠিত হৈছিল। {{cn|date=June 2026}} [[File:Palace of Trivandrum.jpg|thumb|left|১৯১৫ চনত নিৰ্মিত [[কৌডিয়াৰ ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ]] আছিল [[ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ ৰাজপৰিয়াল]]ৰ চৰকাৰী বাসস্থান।<ref name="Kowdiar">{{cite web |title=Kowdiar palace |url=http://www.zonkerala.com/tourism/Kowdiar-Palace-9.html |work=About Kowdiar palace |publisher=Zonkerala |access-date=25 June 2010}}</ref>]] ১৯২০ চনত ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ অঞ্চলৰ প্ৰথমখন পৌৰসভা হিচাপে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰসভা গঠন হয়। ১৯৩১ চনত শাসনভাৰ গ্ৰহণ কৰা [[চিত্ৰ তিৰুনাল বালা ৰামা বাৰ্মা]]ৰ শাসনকালত ১৯৪০ চনৰ ৩০ অক্টোবৰত পৌৰসভাখনক পৌৰ নিগমলৈ (Corporation) ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰা হয়।<ref name="ThiruvananthapuramHistoryIntro">{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.org/ |work=Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation Introduction |publisher=Thiruvananthapuram Corporation, Government of Kerala |access-date=3 January 2011 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916043822/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.org/ |archive-date=16 September 2010 |archivedate=16 September 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100916043822/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.org/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তেওঁৰ কাৰ্যকালত চহৰখনে বহুমুখী প্ৰগতিৰ মুখ দেখে। ১৯৩৬ চনৰ "[[মন্দিৰ প্ৰৱেশ ঘোষণা]]" (Temple Entry Proclamation) আছিল সামাজিক মুক্তিৰ এক ডাঙৰ পদক্ষেপ। এই সময়ছোৱাতে ১৯৩৭ চনত [[ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হৈছিল, যি পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত [[কেৰেলা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] হিচাপে পৰিচিত হয়।<ref name="University of Kerala History">{{cite web |title=A Brief History of the University |url=https://keralauniversity.ac.in/history |publisher=University of Kerala |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-date=6 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706145029/http://www.keralauniversity.ac.in/history |url-status=dead |archivedate=6 July 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706145029/http://www.keralauniversity.ac.in/history |deadurl=yes }}</ref> === আধুনিক যুগ === ১৯৪৭ চনত ব্ৰিটিছ শাসনৰ অন্ত পৰাৰ লগে লগে ট্ৰাভাংকোৰে ভাৰতীয় সংঘত যোগদান কৰাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। ১৯৪৮ চনৰ ২৪ মাৰ্চত [[পট্টম থানু পিল্লাই]]ৰ নেতৃত্বত প্ৰথমটো জনপ্ৰিয় গণতান্ত্ৰিক মন্ত্ৰীসভা গঠন হয়। ১৯৪৯ চনত ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ উত্তৰৰ চুবুৰীয়া ৰাজ্য কোচিন ([[কোচি]]) একত্ৰিত কৰি [[ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ-কোচিন|থিৰু-কোচি]] ৰাজ্য গঠন কৰা হৈছিল আৰু তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমক ইয়াৰ ৰাজধানী পতা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book |title=Criminal Justice India Series: Kerala, 2001 |author=West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences |year=2002 |publisher=Allied Publishers |isbn=978-81-7764-391-6 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_2r8cLTkmA8C&pg=PA5}}</ref> ট্ৰাভাংকোৰৰ ৰজা চিত্ৰ তিৰুনাল বালা ৰামা বাৰ্মা ১৯৪৯ চনৰ ১ জুলাইৰপৰা ১৯৫৬ চনৰ ৩১ অক্টোবৰলৈ ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ-কোচিন সংঘৰ ৰাজপ্ৰমুখ আছিল। ১৯৫৬ চনৰ ১ নৱেম্বৰত যেতিয়া নতুন [[কেৰেলা]] ৰাজ্য গঠন হয়, তেতিয়া তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ইয়াৰ ৰাজধানী হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=The Movement for a United (Aikya) Kerala |url=https://kerala.gov.in/web/guest/united-kerala |website=State Portal of Kerala |publisher=Information & Public Relations Department, Kerala State IT Mission (KSITM), Government of Kerala |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=14 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814232501/https://kerala.gov.in/web/guest/united-kerala |url-status=dead |archivedate=14 August 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814232501/https://kerala.gov.in/web/guest/united-kerala |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ১৯৬২ চনত [[থুম্বা ইকুৱেটৰিয়েল ৰকেট উৎক্ষেপণ কেন্দ্ৰ]] (TERLS) প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱাৰ লগে লগে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ভাৰতৰ অভিলাষী মহাকাশ কাৰ্যসূচীৰ সূতিকাগৃহত পৰিণত হয়। ১৯৬৩ চনত চহৰখনৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত অৱস্থিত [[বিক্ৰম সাৰাভাই মহাকাশ কেন্দ্ৰ]]ৰ (VSSC) পৰা প্ৰথমটো ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ ৰকেট প্ৰস্তুত আৰু উৎক্ষেপণ কৰা হৈছিল। পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত [[ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ গৱেষণা সংস্থা]]ৰ (ISRO) কেইবাটাও প্ৰতিষ্ঠান তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত স্থাপন কৰা হয়।<ref name="VSSC Thiruvananthapuram">{{cite web |publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation |url=http://www.isro.org/centers/cen_vssc.htm |title=VSSC Thiruvananthapuram |access-date=23 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426233653/http://www.isro.org/centers/cen_vssc.htm |archive-date=26 April 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ সাম্প্ৰতিক ইতিহাসৰ এটা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ মাইলৰ খুঁটি আছিল ১৯৯৫ চনত ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথমটো তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি উদ্যান— [[টেকন’পাৰ্ক, তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম|টেকন’পাৰ্ক]]ৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠা।<ref name="Technopark Thiruvananthapuram">{{cite web |publisher=Kerala State IT Mission |url=http://www.keralaitmission.org |title=First IT Park in Kerala |access-date=25 August 2006 |archive-date=3 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210103110342/http://www.keralaitmission.org/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> এই টেকন’পাৰ্ক অঞ্চলটো মাটি-কালিৰ হিচাপত বৰ্তমান আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি উদ্যান হিচাপে গঢ়ি উঠিছে।<ref>{{cite book |title=The digital challenge: information technology in the development context |year=2003 |publisher=S. Krishna, Shirin Madon by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |page=350 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GVhMzNSMsLYC&pg=PA350 |isbn=9780754634454}}</ref> ইয়াত থকা প্ৰায় ৪৫০টা কোম্পানীত প্ৰায় ৬২,০০০ লোক কৰ্মৰত হৈ আছে।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-07-29 |title=Technopark bags high CRISIL rating |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/technopark-bags-high-crisil-rating/article32225885.ece |access-date=2020-09-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> {{wide image|Pattom Skyline panoramo 02.jpg|820px|align-cap=center|চহৰখনৰ উত্তৰ-পূব অংশত অৱস্থিত [[পট্টম]]ৰ এটা দৃশ্য। পটভূমিত [[পশ্চিমঘাট পৰ্বতমালা]] দেখা গৈছে}} তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰখন সাগৰৰ পাৰৰ সাতটা পাহাৰৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite book |title=The Rough Guide to South India |year=2005 |author1=David Abram |author2=Rough Guides (Firm) |author3=Nick Edwards |publisher=Rough Guides |page=261 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sEhJBfbhTAAC&pg=PA306 |isbn=978-1-84353-103-6}}</ref> ভাৰতৰ মূল ভূ-খণ্ডৰ দক্ষিণ প্ৰান্তৰ ওচৰত, পশ্চিম উপকূলৰ {{Coord|8.5|N|76.9|E|}} অৱস্থানত এই চহৰখন অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/13/Thiruvananthapuram.html |title=Thiruvananthapuram, India Page |access-date=19 March 2008}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ পশ্চিমে [[লাক্ষাদ্বীপ সাগৰ]] আৰু পূবে [[পশ্চিমঘাট পৰ্বতমালা]] অৱস্থিত। সাগৰ পৃষ্ঠৰপৰা চহৰখনৰ গড় উচ্চতা হৈছে {{cvt|16|ft|m}}।<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology]] ([[Pune]]) |url=http://envis.tropmet.res.in/rainfall_stations.htm |title=Rainfall Stations in India |access-date=18 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116190118/http://envis.tropmet.res.in/rainfall_stations.htm |archive-date=16 January 2009 |archivedate=16 January 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116190118/http://envis.tropmet.res.in/rainfall_stations.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[ভাৰতীয় ভূ-তাত্ত্বিক জৰীপ বিভাগ]] (Geological Survey of India) এ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমক মধ্যমীয়া ভূঁইকঁপ প্ৰৱণ নগৰীয়া কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে চিহ্নিত কৰিছে। এই মহানগৰখনক 'ভূমিকম্পীয় মণ্ডল ৩' (Seismic III Zone) ৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite map |publisher=[[Geological Survey of India]] |url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/images/GSIimages/PT_zonation.jpg |title=Seismic zoning map of India |access-date=1 July 2010 |archive-date=15 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515004653/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/images/GSIimages/PT_zonation.jpg |url-status=dead |archivedate=15 May 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515004653/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/images/GSIimages/PT_zonation.jpg |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰখন [[কাৰামানা নদী|কাৰামানা]] আৰু [[কিল্লি নদী]]ৰ পাৰত অৱস্থিত। চহৰখনৰ ভিতৰতে [[ভেল্লায়নী হ্ৰদ]], থিৰুৱাল্লা আৰু আক্কুলামৰ দৰে জলাশয় বা কায়েল (backwaters) সমূহ অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kapoor |first1=Subodh |title=The Indian encyclopaedia : biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific |date=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=9788177552577 |pages=318 |edition=1st}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ মধ্যভাগৰ মাটিৰ প্ৰকাৰ হৈছে মটীয়া বৰণৰ পলসুৱা লেতেৰাইট মাটি (laterite soil), য’ত ফছফেটৰ পৰিমাণ বেছি। প্ৰচুৰ বৰষুণ আৰু আৰ্দ্ৰ জলবায়ুৰ বাবেই এই লেতেৰাইট মাটিৰ সৃষ্টি হয়। চহৰখনৰ পশ্চিম উপকূলীয় অঞ্চলত বালিমীয়া পলসুৱা মাটি পোৱা যায়। আনহাতে, জিলাখনৰ পাহাৰীয়া পূব অংশত গ্ৰেনাইট শিলাৰপৰা উৎপন্ন হোৱা চহকী মটীয়া সাৰুৱা মাটি পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Soil types in Kerala |url=http://www.keralaagriculture.gov.in/htmle/soils/soiltypesdw.htm |publisher=Kerala Agriculture |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-date=20 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120113114/http://www.keralaagriculture.gov.in/htmle/soils/soiltypesdw.htm |url-status=dead |archivedate=20 January 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120113114/http://www.keralaagriculture.gov.in/htmle/soils/soiltypesdw.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগম]] মুঠ {{cvt|214.86|km2|sqmi|2}} এলেকাত বিস্তৃত হৈ আছে।<ref name="citygi">{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram Corporation General Information |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/general-information-0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230094333/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/general-information-0 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |publisher=Corporation of Thiruvananthapuram |access-date=30 July 2026 |archivedate=30 December 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230094333/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/general-information-0 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি, বৃহত্তৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম মহানগৰ অঞ্চলটো তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগম, তিনিখন পৌৰসভা আৰু ২৭খন পঞ্চায়তক লৈ গঠিত।<ref name="ListofUA">{{cite web |title=List of Urban Agglomerations of 2011 Census |url=https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/622777/urban |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=17 May 2017 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230044541/https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/622777/urban |url-status=dead |archivedate=30 December 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230044541/https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/622777/urban |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ভাৰতৰ দক্ষিণ প্ৰান্তৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ চহৰ হোৱাৰ বাবে, এই চহৰখন দেশৰ দক্ষিণ ভাগৰ সামৰিক পৰিবহণ ব্যৱস্থা (military logistics) আৰু অসামৰিক বিমান পৰিবহণ উভয়ৰে বাবে অতি অপৰিহাৰ্য। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত [[ভাৰতীয় বায়ুসেনা]]ৰ [[দাক্ষিণাত্য বায়ু কমাণ্ড]] (Southern Air Command) ৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় অৱস্থিত।<ref name="Air Command">{{cite web |title=Southern Air Command Introduction |url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_command.php?pg_id=32&page_type=command&comm_id=5 |publisher=Southern Air Command |access-date=17 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134636/http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_command.php?pg_id=32&page_type=command&comm_id=5 |archive-date=25 January 2018}}</ref> ===জলবায়ু=== === জলবায়ু === চহৰখনৰ জলবায়ু [[উষ্ণপ্ৰধান চাভানা জলবায়ু]] ([[কোপেন জলবায়ু শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন|কোপেন]]) আৰু [[উষ্ণপ্ৰধান মৌচুমী জলবায়ু]]ৰ সীমান্তত অৱস্থিত। ইয়াৰ ফলস্বৰূপে, চহৰখনৰ ঋতুসমূহ উষ্ণতাতকৈ কেৱল বৰষুণৰ ওপৰতহে নিৰ্ভৰ কৰে। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ উষ্ণতা গোটেই বছৰটোত প্ৰায় স্থিৰ হৈ থাকে। ইয়াত বাৰ্ষিক গড় সৰ্বোচ্চ উষ্ণতা প্ৰায় ৩১–৩২ °C (৮৮–৯০ °F) আৰু গড় সৰ্বনিম্ন উষ্ণতা প্ৰায় ২৩–২৪ °C (৭৩–৭৫ °F) হয়। দিনৰ ভাগত সৰ্বোচ্চ উষ্ণতা সাধাৰণতে ৩০ ৰপৰা ৩৪ °C (৮৬–৯৩ °F) ৰ ভিতৰত থাকে। আনহাতে ৰাতিৰ ভাগ গৰম আৰু আৰ্দ্ৰ হয়, য’ত গড় উষ্ণতা প্ৰায় ২২–২৫ °C (৭২–৭৭ °F) হয়। উষ্ণতা কদাচিত ২০ °C (৬৮ °F) তকৈ তললৈ নামে বা ৩৫ °C (৯৫ °F) তকৈ ওপৰলৈ যায়। ইয়াৰ আৰ্দ্ৰতা বেছি আৰু [[মৌচুমী বায়ু|মৌচুমী]] ঋতুত ই প্ৰায় ৯০% লৈ বৃদ্ধি পায়।<ref name="Thiruvananthapuram Weather">{{cite web |publisher=Weatherbase |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=017334&refer= |title=Thiruvananthapuram Climate |access-date=25 August 2006 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230112740/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=017334&refer= |url-status=dead |archivedate=30 December 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230112740/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=017334&refer= |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম হৈছে [[দক্ষিণ-পশ্চিম মৌচুমী বায়ু]]ৰ পথত থকা প্ৰথমখন চহৰ। জুন মাহৰ আৰম্ভণিতে চহৰখনে প্ৰথম বৰষুণ লাভ কৰে। চহৰখনত প্ৰতি বছৰে প্ৰায় {{cvt|1835|mm}} প্ৰচুৰ বৰষুণ হয়। অক্টোবৰ মাহৰ ভিতৰত চহৰখনত প্ৰত্যাৱৰ্তিত উত্তৰ-পূব মৌচুমী বায়ুৰ বাবেও বৰষুণ হয়। ডিচেম্বৰ মাহৰপৰা শুকান বতৰ আৰম্ভ হয়। চহৰৰ মূল ভাগত এতিয়ালৈকে ৰেকৰ্ড কৰা আটাইতকৈ কম উষ্ণতা আছিল ১৯৭৪ চনৰ ৬ জানুৱাৰীত {{cvt|10.8|C|F}}। তদুপৰি ২০১৫ চনৰ ১৮ জানুৱাৰীত ১৫.৬ °C উষ্ণতা ৰেকৰ্ড কৰা হৈছিল। আনহাতে সৰ্বোচ্চ উষ্ণতা আছিল ২০১৯ চনৰ ২১ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰীত {{cvt|38.2|C|F}}।<ref name=IMDextremes/> বিমানবন্দৰ অঞ্চলত ৰেকৰ্ড কৰা আটাইতকৈ কম উষ্ণতা আছিল ১৯৭৫ চনৰ ১৫ জানুৱাৰীত {{cvt|12.1|C|F}} আৰু সৰ্বোচ্চ উষ্ণতা আছিল ১৯৯৮ চনৰ ৫ মে’ত {{cvt|36.3|C|F}}।<ref name=IMDextremes/> {{Weather box | location = তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰ (১৯৯১–২০২০, চৰম সীমা ১৯০১–২০২০) | metric first = Yes | single line = Yes | Jan record high C = 36.2 | Feb record high C = 38.2 | Mar record high C = 37.7 | Apr record high C = 38.0 | May record high C = 36.7 | Jun record high C = 35.8 | Jul record high C = 34.0 | Aug record high C = 34.6 | Sep record high C = 35.4 | Oct record high C = 35.2 | Nov record high C = 34.8 | Dec record high C = 36.2 | year record high C = 38.2 | Jan avg record high C = 34.4 | Feb avg record high C = 34.8 | Mar avg record high C = 35.4 | Apr avg record high C = 35.1 | May avg record high C = 34.6 | Jun avg record high C = 32.8 | Jul avg record high C = 32.1 | Aug avg record high C = 32.3 | Sep avg record high C = 33.0 | Oct avg record high C = 32.8 | Nov avg record high C = 33.1 | Dec avg record high C = 34.1 | year avg record high C = 35.9 | Jan high C = 32.4 | Feb high C = 32.8 | Mar high C = 33.5 | Apr high C = 33.3 | May high C = 32.6 | Jun high C = 30.4 | Jul high C = 30.1 | Aug high C = 30.3 | Sep high C = 30.9 | Oct high C = 30.9 | Nov high C = 31.0 | Dec high C = 32.0 | year high C = 31.7 | Jan mean C = 27.5 | Feb mean C = 28.2 | Mar mean C = 29.2 | Apr mean C = 29.5 | May mean C = 29.0 | Jun mean C = 27.5 | Jul mean C = 27.0 | Aug mean C = 27.2 | Sep mean C = 27.5 | Oct mean C = 27.4 | Nov mean C = 27.3 | Dec mean C = 27.5 | year mean C = | Jan low C = 22.3 | Feb low C = 22.9 | Mar low C = 24.3 | Apr low C = 25.1 | May low C = 25.1 | Jun low C = 23.8 | Jul low C = 23.3 | Aug low C = 23.4 | Sep low C = 23.5 | Oct low C = 23.5 | Nov low C = 23.2 | Dec low C = 22.6 | year low C = 23.6 | Jan avg record low C = 23.3 | Feb avg record low C = 23.6 | Mar avg record low C = 24.3 | Apr avg record low C = 25.1 | May avg record low C = 25.1 | Jun avg record low C = 23.8 | Jul avg record low C = 23.3 | Aug avg record low C = 23.4 | Sep avg record low C = 23.5 | Oct avg record low C = 23.5 | Nov avg record low C = 23.2 | Dec avg record low C = 22.6 | year avg record low C = 23.6 | Jan record low C = 10.8 | Feb record low C = 18.1 | Mar record low C = 20.2 | Apr record low C = 20.0 | May record low C = 20.1 | Jun record low C = 20.0 | Jul record low C = 20.2 | Aug record low C = 18.2 | Sep record low C = 20.8 | Oct record low C = 20.1 | Nov record low C = 18.9 | Dec record low C = 18.2 | year record low C = 10.8 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 17.9 | Feb rain mm = 21.7 | Mar rain mm = 30.6 | Apr rain mm = 122.3 | May rain mm = 213.8 | Jun rain mm = 307.8 | Jul rain mm = 185.2 | Aug rain mm = 161.0 | Sep rain mm = 196.7 | Oct rain mm = 297.2 | Nov rain mm = 212.8 | Dec rain mm = 68.4 | year rain mm = 1835.3 | Jan rain days = 0.9 | Feb rain days = 1.4 | Mar rain days = 2.2 | Apr rain days = 6.9 | May rain days = 9.1 | Jun rain days = 16.0 | Jul rain days = 13.3 | Aug rain days = 9.9 | Sep rain days = 10.4 | Oct rain days = 13.0 | Nov rain days = 9.8 | Dec rain days = 4.0 | year rain days = 96.9 | time day = ১৭:৩০ [[ভাৰতীয় প্ৰমাণ সময়|আই.এছ.টি.]] | Jan humidity = 64 | Feb humidity = 63 | Mar humidity = 66 | Apr humidity = 73 | May humidity = 75 | Jun humidity = 80 | Jul humidity = 79 | Aug humidity = 77 | Sep humidity = 77 | Oct humidity = 80 | Nov humidity = 78 | Dec humidity = 69 | year humidity = 73 | Jan sun = 260.4 | Feb sun = 248.6 | Mar sun = 254.2 | Apr sun = 201.0 | May sun = 192.2 | Jun sun = 129.0 | Jul sun = 136.4 | Aug sun = 164.3 | Sep sun = 180.0 | Oct sun = 173.6 | Nov sun = 165.0 | Dec sun = 217.0 | year sun = | Jand sun = 8.4 | Febd sun = 8.8 | Mard sun = 8.2 | Aprd sun = 6.7 | Mayd sun = 6.2 | Jund sun = 4.3 | Juld sun = 4.4 | Augd sun = 5.3 | Sepd sun = 6.0 | Octd sun = 5.6 | Novd sun = 5.5 | Decd sun = 7.0 | yeard sun = 6.4 | Jan uv = 11 | Feb uv = 12 | Mar uv = 12 | Apr uv = 12 | May uv = 12 | Jun uv = 12 | Jul uv = 12 | Aug uv = 12 | Sep uv = 12 | Oct uv = 12 | Nov uv = 11 | Dec uv = 10 | source 1 = [[ভাৰত বতৰ বিজ্ঞান বিভাগ]] (ৰ’দৰ সময় ১৯৭১–২০০০)<ref name=IMDnormals> {{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf |title=Station: Thiruvananthapuram Climatological Table 1981–2010 |work=Climatological Normals 1981–2010 |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=January 2015 |pages=739–740 |access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes> {{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf |title=Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=December 2016 |page=M1110 |access-date=29 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDsun>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042602/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20%26%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2020 |url=https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Daily%20Normals%20of%20Global%20%26%20Diffused%20Radiations%20%201971_2000.pdf |title=Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India |work=Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000) |publisher=India Meteorological Department |date=December 2016 |page=M-3 |access-date=1 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> টাইম এণ্ড ডেট (শিশিৰাংক, ২০০৫-২০১৫)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/india/thiruvananthapuram/climate |title=Climate & Weather Averages in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India |publisher=Time and Date |access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> |source 2 = টকিঅ’ ক্লাইমেট চেণ্টাৰ (গড় উষ্ণতা ১৯৯১–২০২০)<ref name=TCC1> {{cite web | url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=43371 | title = Normals Data: Thiruvananthapuram – India Latitude: 8.48°N Longitude: 76.95°E Height: 60 (m) | publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency | access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref> ৱেদাৰ এটলাছ<ref name="Weather Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/india/thiruvananthapuram-climate |title=Climate and monthly weather forecast Thiruvananthapuram, India |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=13 June 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> | date = August 2010 | source = | Jan dew point C = 21 | Feb dew point C = 22 | Mar dew point C = 23 | Apr dew point C = 24 | May dew point C = 24 | Jun point C = 24 | Jul dew point C = 24 | Aug dew point C = 24 | Sep dew point C = 24 | Oct dew point C = 24 | Nov dew point C = 24 | Dec dew point C = 23 }} {{Weather box | width = auto | metric first = yes | single line = yes | location = [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম বিমানবন্দৰ]] (১৯৯১–২০২০) | Jan record high C = 35.5 | Feb record high C = 35.6 | Mar record high C = 36.2 | Apr record high C = 36.1 | May record high C = 36.3 | Jun record high C = 35.2 | Jul record high C = 33.9 | Aug record high C = 33.7 | Sep record high C = 33.7 | Oct record high C = 35.7 | Nov record high C = 34.4 | Dec record high C = 34.4 | year record high C = | Jan high C = 31.4 | Feb high C = 32.0 | Mar high C = 32.8 | Apr high C = 33.2 | May high C = 32.5 | Jun high C = 30.7 | Jul high C = 30.1 | Aug high C = 30.1 | Sep high C = 30.5 | Oct high C = 30.7 | Nov high C = 30.9 | Dec high C = 31.3 | year high C = 31.3 | Jan low C = 22.6 | Feb low C = 23.4 | Mar low C = 24.7 | Apr low C = 25.7 | May low C = 25.5 | Jun low C = 24.4 | Jul low C = 23.8 | Aug low C = 24.0 | Sep low C = 24.0 | Oct low C = 24.0 | Nov low C = 23.8 | Dec low C = 23.1 | year low C = 24.1 | Jan record low C = 10.8 | Feb record low C = 16.0 | Mar record low C = 19.0 | Apr record low C = 20.7 | May record low C = 20.7 | Jun record low C = 19.5 | Jul record low C = 20.8 | Aug record low C = 20.5 | Sep record low C = 20.1 | Oct record low C = 19.4 | Nov record low C = 18.8 | Dec record low C = 17.9 | year record low C = 10.8 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 18.1 | Feb rain mm = 25.2 | Mar rain mm = 28.5 | Apr rain mm = 97.4 | May rain mm = 225.0 | Jun rain mm = 300.3 | Jul rain mm = 180.8 | Aug rain mm = 163.4 | Sep rain mm = 195.3 | Oct rain mm = 277.0 | Nov rain mm = 227.3 | Dec rain mm = 67.9 | year rain mm = 1806.3 | Jan rain days = 0.9 | Feb rain days = 1.5 | Mar rain days = 1.7 | Apr rain days = 6.1 | May rain days = 9.1 | Jun rain days = 15.8 | Jul rain days = 12.7 | Aug rain days = 9.5 | Sep rain days = 9.7 | Oct rain days = 12.3 | Nov rain days = 10.1 | Dec rain days = 3.7 | year rain days = 93.0 | time day = ১৭:৩০ [[ভাৰতীয় প্ৰমাণ সময়|আই.এছ.টি.]] |Jan humidity=64 |Feb humidity=64 |Mar humidity=67 |Apr humidity=71 |May humidity=74 |Jun humidity=80 |Jul humidity=80 |Aug humidity=80 |Sep humidity=79 |Oct humidity=79 |Nov humidity=76 |Dec humidity=69 |year humidity=74 | source 1 = [[ভাৰত বতৰ বিজ্ঞান বিভাগ]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf | title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020 | publisher = [[ভাৰত বতৰ বিজ্ঞান বিভাগ]] | access-date = April 8, 2024 }}</ref>}} == জনগাঁথনি == {{bar box |title=তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰৰ ধৰ্মীয় পৰিসংখ্যা (২০১১)<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Population by Religious Community |publisher=Census of India |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html |access-date=28 March 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913045700/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html |archive-date=13 September 2015 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> |titlebar=#Fcd116 |left1=ধৰ্ম |right1=শতাংশ |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|[[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম]]|darkorange|68.51}} {{bar percent|[[খ্ৰীষ্ট ধৰ্ম]]|dodgerblue|16.79}} {{bar percent|[[ইছলাম ধৰ্ম]]|green|13.77}} {{bar percent|উল্লেখ কৰা নাই|black|0.85}} {{bar percent|অন্যান্য|grey|0.09}} <small>অন্যান্য ধৰ্মৰ ভিতৰত [[শিখ ধৰ্ম]], [[বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]] আৰু অন্যান্য বিশ্বাস অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত (০.০৬%)</small> }} ২০১১ চনৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় লোকপিয়লৰ সাময়িক ফলাফল অনুসৰি, {{cvt|214|sqkm|sqmi}} মাটি-কালিৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগমৰ মুঠ জনসংখ্যা আছিল ৯,৫৭,৭৩০ জন।<ref name="citygi" /> চহৰখনৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ ঘনত্ব আছিল প্ৰতি বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰত {{cvt|4454|/sqkm|/sqmi}} জন।<ref name="citygi" /> ২০১১ চনত ইয়াৰ মহানগৰীয় অঞ্চলৰ মুঠ জনসংখ্যা আছিল ১৬,৮৭,৪০৬ জন।<ref name="UApop"/> চহৰখনৰ লিংগ অনুপাত হৈছে প্ৰতি ১,০০০ গৰাকী পুৰুষৰ বিপৰীতে ১,০৪০ গৰাকী মহিলা। এই হাৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গড়তকৈ অধিক।<ref name="citygi"/> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৯৩.৭২%।<ref name="Citycenpop">{{cite web |title=Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref> এই হাৰে সমগ্ৰ ভাৰতৰ গড় সাক্ষৰতাৰ হাৰ ৭৪%ক অতিক্ৰম কৰিছে।<ref name="censusindliter">{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in |title=Population census 2011 |publisher=Census of India 2011, Government of India |access-date=6 December 2011}}</ref> এইখন এখন ঐতিহাসিক চহৰ। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ বুজন অংশ [[মালায়ালী লোক|মালায়ালী]] সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ। ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইয়াত [[তামিল লোক|তামিল]] আৰু উত্তৰ ভাৰতীয় লোকসকল সংখ্যালঘু হিচাপে বসবাস কৰে। ২০১১ চনৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি, চহৰখনৰ ৬৮.৫% লোক [[হিন্দু ধৰ্ম|হিন্দু]], ১৬.৭% লোক [[খ্ৰীষ্ট ধৰ্ম|খ্ৰীষ্টান]] আৰু ১৩.৭% লোক [[ইছলাম ধৰ্ম|মুছলমান]]।<ref name="CityCensus">{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram City Census 2011 data |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/462-thiruvananthapuram.html |website=Census2011 |access-date=5 December 2017}}</ref> বাকী থকা জনসংখ্যাৰ ভিতৰত [[জৈন ধৰ্ম|জৈন]], [[ইহুদী ধৰ্ম|ইহুদী]], [[শিখ]], [[বৌদ্ধ]] আৰু অন্যান্য ধৰ্মাৱলম্বী লোক আছে, যি মুঠ জনসংখ্যাৰ ০.০৬%। লোকপিয়লত ০.৮৫% লোকে নিজৰ ধৰ্মীয় বিশ্বাসৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা নাই।<ref name="CityCensus" /> ৰাজ্যখনৰ চৰকাৰী ভাষা [[মালায়ালম ভাষা|মালায়ালম]] হৈছে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰৰ প্ৰধান ভাষা।<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-10 |title=Govt sets deadline for switch to Malayalam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/government-sets-deadline-for-switch-to-malayalam-thiruvananthapuram/articleshow/105871691.cms |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> বিশেষকৈ চৰকাৰী আৰু ব্যক্তিগত খণ্ডৰ চাকৰিয়ালসকলৰ মাজত ইংৰাজী ভাষাও বহুলভাৱে ব্যৱহৃত হয়। মালায়ালমৰ পিছতে [[তামিল ভাষা|তামিল]] ভাষা কোৱা লোকৰ সংখ্যা আটাইতকৈ বেছি। ইয়াৰ উপৰি চহৰখনত কমসংখ্যক [[তুলু ভাষা|তুলু]], [[কানাড়া ভাষা|কানাড়া]], [[কোংকণী ভাষা|কোংকণী]], [[মালদ্বীপীয় ভাষা|ধিভেহী]], [[তেলেগু ভাষা|তেলেগু]] আৰু হিন্দী ভাষী লোকো আছে। ২০০১ চনৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি চহৰখনত [[দৰিদ্ৰ্য সীমাৰেখাৰ তলৰ লোক|দৰিদ্ৰ্য সীমাৰেখাৰ তলত]] বসবাস কৰা লোকৰ সংখ্যা আছিল ১১,৬৬৭ জন।<ref name="Urban poor in Thiruvananthapuram">{{Cite report |url=http://jnnurm.nic.in/nurmudweb/toolkit/Trivanthapuram/5PartCD.pdf |title=Study of urban poor in TMC area |work=JNNURM |access-date=9 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127220331/http://jnnurm.nic.in/nurmudweb/toolkit/Trivanthapuram/5PartCD.pdf |archive-date=27 January 2011 |url-status=dead |archivedate=27 January 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127220331/http://jnnurm.nic.in/nurmudweb/toolkit/Trivanthapuram/5PartCD.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> শেহতীয়াকৈ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমলৈ উত্তৰ ভাৰতৰ বিশেষকৈ [[পঞ্জাব (ভাৰত)|পঞ্জাব]], [[হাৰিয়ানা]], আৰু [[মধ্যপ্ৰদেশ]]ৰপৰা বুজনসংখ্যক শ্ৰমিকৰ আগমন ঘটিছে। একেদৰে পূব ভাৰতৰ মূলতঃ [[পশ্চিম বংগ]] আৰু [[বিহাৰ]]ৰপৰাও বহু শ্ৰমিক ইয়ালৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰিছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি চুবুৰীয়া দেশ যেনে [[শ্ৰীলংকা]], [[মালদ্বীপ]], [[নেপাল]] আৰু [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰপৰাও অহা বহু লোক চহৰখনত বসবাস কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Migrants assured of safety |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/collector-assures-migrants-of-camaraderie/article19840707.ece |access-date=5 December 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 October 2017}}</ref> == প্ৰশাসন == [[File:Kerala Legislative Assembly, Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|[[কেৰেলা বিধানসভা]] ভৱন]] [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগম|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগম]] বা চমুকৈ টি.এম.চি.য়ে চহৰখনৰ ১০০টা ৱাৰ্ডৰ পৌৰ আন্তঃগাঁথনি পৰিচালনা আৰু তদাৰক কৰে।<ref name="citad">{{cite web |title=Administration |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/administration |website=Thiruvananthapuram Corporation |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134552/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/administration |url-status=dead |archivedate=25 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134552/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/administration |deadurl=yes }}</ref> প্ৰতিটো ৱাৰ্ডৰপৰা এজনকৈ পৌৰ সদস্য বা কাউন্সিলৰ পৌৰ নিগমলৈ নিৰ্বাচিত হয়। টি.এম.চি.ৰ হাতত চহৰখনৰ স্থানীয় চৰকাৰ হিচাপে কাম কৰাৰ ক্ষমতা থাকে।<ref name="orgst">{{cite web |title=Institutional Setup of Corporation of Thiruvananthapuram |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/organisational-structure |website=Thiruvananthapuram Corporation |publisher=Information Kerala Mission |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=10 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110115420/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/organisational-structure |url-status=dead |archivedate=10 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110115420/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/organisational-structure |deadurl=yes }}</ref> পৌৰ নিগমৰ মুৰব্বী হৈছে মেয়ৰ। তেওঁক নিৰ্বাচিত কাউন্সিলৰসকলৰ মাজৰপৰাই বাছনি কৰা হয়। মেয়ৰগৰাকী টি.এম.চি.ৰ প্ৰশাসনিক কাৰ্যাৱলীৰ সামগ্ৰিক পৰ্যৱেক্ষণ আৰু নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ বাবে দায়বদ্ধ। পৌৰ নিগমে ইয়াৰ স্থায়ী সমিতিসমূহৰ জৰিয়তে সেৱাসমূহ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="orgst" /> পৌৰ নিগমৰ সচিবজনক [[কেৰেলা চৰকাৰ|কেৰেলা চৰকাৰে]] নিযুক্তি দিয়ে। তেওঁ টি.এম.চি.ৰ প্ৰশাসনিক মুৰব্বী হিচাপে কাম কৰে আৰু পৰিষদে গ্ৰহণ কৰা প্ৰস্তাৱৰ ভিত্তিত সিদ্ধান্তসমূহ কাৰ্যকৰী কৰে। পৌৰ নিগমৰ কাৰ্যাৱলী সাতটা বিভাগৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত হয়। এইসমূহ হৈছে ক্ৰমে— অভিযান্ত্ৰিক, স্বাস্থ্য, সাধাৰণ প্ৰশাসন, পৰিষদ, হিচাপ আৰু ৰাজহ বিভাগ।<ref name="orgstruc">{{cite web |title=Organisation Structure |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/sites/default/files/TMC%20-%20Organization%20Structure.pdf |publisher=Thiruvananthapuram Corporation |access-date=24 January 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124171252/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/sites/default/files/TMC%20-%20Organization%20Structure.pdf |archive-date=24 January 2018 |archivedate=24 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124171252/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/sites/default/files/TMC%20-%20Organization%20Structure.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> টি.এম.চি.ৰ বিকেন্দ্ৰিকৃত ভূমিকাৰ বাবে ১১টা আঞ্চলিক কাৰ্যালয় গঠন কৰা হৈছে। এই আঞ্চলিক কাৰ্যালয়সমূহ ফ’ৰ্ট, কাদাকাম্পাল্লী, নেমম, উল্লুৰ, আত্তিপ্ৰা, থিৰুৱাল্লম, কাজাকুট্টম, শ্ৰীকৰ্যম, কুদাপ্পানাকুন্নু, বাত্তিয়ুৰকাভু আৰু ভিঝিনজামত অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{cite web |title=Zonal Operations |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/zonal-operations |website=Thiruvananthapuram Corporation |publisher=Information Kerala Mission |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111002432/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/zonal-operations |url-status=dead |archivedate=11 November 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111002432/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/zonal-operations |deadurl=yes }}</ref> টি.এম.চি.ৰ দায়িত্বসমূহৰ ভিতৰত পানী যোগান, পানী নিষ্কাশন আৰু নলা-নৰ্দমা ব্যৱস্থা, অনাময়, কঠিন আৱৰ্জনা ব্যৱস্থাপনা আৰু গৃহ নিৰ্মাণ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম উন্নয়ন কৰ্তৃপক্ষ বৃহত্তৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম অঞ্চলৰ বিধিবদ্ধ পৰিকল্পনা আৰু উন্নয়নৰ বাবে দায়বদ্ধ।<ref>{{cite web |title=About Thiruvananthapuram Development Authority |url=http://www.trida.kerala.gov.in/about-us |website=Thiruvananthapuram Development Authority |publisher=Information Kerala Mission |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125074631/http://www.trida.kerala.gov.in/about-us |url-status=dead |archivedate=25 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125074631/http://www.trida.kerala.gov.in/about-us |deadurl=yes }}</ref> কেৰেলা চৰকাৰৰ প্ৰশাসনিক কেন্দ্ৰ হোৱাৰ বাবে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত কেৱল স্থানীয় প্ৰশাসনিক সংস্থাসমূহৰ কাৰ্যালয়ই নহয়, বৰঞ্চ [[কেৰেলা বিধানসভা]] আৰু ৰাজ্যিক সচিবালয়ো অৱস্থিত। এই সচিবালয়খন [[কেৰেলা চৰকাৰী সচিবালয়|কেৰেলা চৰকাৰী সচিবালয় চৌহদ]]ত আছে। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত দুটা সংসদীয় সমষ্টি আছে। সেই দুটা হৈছে [[আট্টিংগল (লোকসভা সমষ্টি)|আট্টিংগল]] আৰু [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম (লোকসভা সমষ্টি)|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম]]। ইয়াৰ উপৰি চহৰখনে ৰাজ্যিক বিধানসভালৈ পাঁচগৰাকী বিধায়ক ([[বিধায়ক]]) নিৰ্বাচিত কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Constituencies |url=http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/constituencies |website=Corporation of Trivandrum |publisher=Information Kerala Mission |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134616/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/constituencies |url-status=dead |archivedate=25 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134616/http://www.corporationoftrivandrum.in/constituencies |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[File:Kerala Government Secretariat, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.jpg|thumb|right|কেৰেলা চৰকাৰী সচিবালয় কেৰেলা চৰকাৰৰ প্ৰশাসনৰ মূল কেন্দ্ৰ]] === পৌৰ বিত্তীয় ব্যৱস্থা === [[গৃহ নিৰ্মাণ আৰু নগৰ পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়]]ৰ চিটিফাইনেঞ্চ (CityFinance) প’ৰ্টেলত প্ৰকাশিত বিত্তীয় তথ্য অনুসৰি,<ref>{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation Finance |url=https://www.cityfinance.in/municipal-data/city/thiruvananthapuram |publisher=CityFinance Portal, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs |access-date=17 March 2026}}</ref> ২০২২-২৩ বিত্তীয় বৰ্ষত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগমে মুঠ ₹৭১৩ কোটি (৮৬ নিযুত আমেৰিকান ডলাৰ) ৰাজহ সংগ্ৰহ আৰু মুঠ ₹৫৮৬ কোটি (৭১ নিযুত আমেৰিকান ডলাৰ) ব্যয়ৰ খতিয়ান দাঙি ধৰিছিল। এই মুঠ ৰাজহৰ প্ৰায় ২৩.৬% কৰ ৰাজহৰপৰা আহিছিল। আনহাতে, এই বিত্তীয় বৰ্ষত পৌৰ নিগমে অনুদান হিচাপে ₹৪৭৬ কোটি লাভ কৰিছিল। === আইন-শৃংখলা === তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰ আৰক্ষী চহৰখনৰ প্ৰধান আইন প্ৰয়োগকাৰী সংস্থা। ইয়াৰ মুৰব্বী হৈছে এজন আৰক্ষী আয়ুক্ত।<ref name="poli">{{cite web |title=Governance of District Police, Thiruvananthapuram City |url=http://www.tvmcitypolice.gov.in/thiruvananthapuram-city-police/about-us/governance |website=District Police Office, Thiruvananthapuram City |publisher=State Police Computer Centre |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134455/http://www.tvmcitypolice.gov.in/thiruvananthapuram-city-police/about-us/governance |url-status=dead |archivedate=25 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134455/http://www.tvmcitypolice.gov.in/thiruvananthapuram-city-police/about-us/governance |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰ আৰক্ষী [[কেৰেলা আৰক্ষী]]ৰ এটা শাখা। ইয়াৰ প্ৰশাসনিক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ [[কেৰেলা গৃহ মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়]]ৰ হাতত থাকে। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰ আৰক্ষী হ’ল কেৰেলাৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ আৰক্ষী সংমণ্ডল। এই সংমণ্ডলটো চাৰিটা উপ-সংমণ্ডল কাৰ্যালয় আৰু ২৪খন আৰক্ষী থানাৰে গঠিত। ইয়াত অনুমোদিত আৰক্ষী কৰ্মীৰ সংখ্যা হৈছে ৩,৫০০ গৰাকী।<ref name="kerpol">{{cite web |title=Work study report on Police Department |url=https://www.kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/3328a672-d76d-4d76-b1aa-f407edaa3662 |format=PDF |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230043540/https://kerala.gov.in//documents/10180/3328a672-d76d-4d76-b1aa-f407edaa3662 |url-status=dead |archivedate=30 December 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230043540/https://kerala.gov.in//documents/10180/3328a672-d76d-4d76-b1aa-f407edaa3662 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> পূজাপ্পুৰাত অৱস্থিত কেন্দ্ৰীয় কাৰাগাৰখন হৈছে কেৰেলাৰ আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি কাৰাগাৰ। লগতে এইখন কেৰেলা কাৰাগাৰ আৰু সংশোধনমূলক সেৱাৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Prisons Headquarters Poojappura |url=http://www.keralaprisons.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=74 |website=Kerala prisons and correctional services |publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134533/http://www.keralaprisons.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=74 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === সামৰিক আৰু কূটনৈতিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহ === [[ভাৰতীয় বায়ুসেনা]]ৰ [[দাক্ষিণাত্য বায়ু কমাণ্ড]] (Southern Air Command) ৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় এই চহৰখনত অৱস্থিত।<ref name="SAC">{{cite web |title=Southern Air Command Introduction |url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_command.php?pg_id=32&page_type=command&comm_id=5 |website=Official Home Page of Indian Air Force |publisher=Indian Air Force |access-date=24 January 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134636/http://indianairforce.nic.in/show_command.php?pg_id=32&page_type=command&comm_id=5 |archive-date=25 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Schoolchildren get a 'Command'ing view |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2018/jan/20/schoolchildren-get-a-commanding-view-1759300.html |access-date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=20 January 2018}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত ৰাজ্যিক সশস্ত্ৰ আৰক্ষীৰ দুটা বেটেলিয়ান আৰু [[কেন্দ্ৰীয় ৰিজাৰ্ভ আৰক্ষী বল]]ৰ (CRPF) এটা গোট আছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Armed Police Head Quarter |url=http://www.keralapolice.org/wings/armed-police/armed-police-head-quarter |website=Kerala Police |publisher=State Police Computer Centre, SCRB, Thiruvananthapuram. |access-date=24 January 2018}}</ref> চি.আৰ.পি.এফ.ৰ এটা গ্ৰুপ হেডকুৱাৰ্টাৰ (GHQ) কাল্লিপুৰমত অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{cite news |last1=G |first1=Ananthakrishnan |title=CRPF religion head count |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1120722/jsp/frontpage/story_15758048.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725025842/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120722/jsp/frontpage/story_15758048.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 July 2012 |access-date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=22 July 2012}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি চহৰখনত [[কেন্দ্ৰীয় ঔদ্যোগিক নিৰাপত্তা বল]]ৰ (CISF) তিনিটা গোট আৰু [[সীমা সুৰক্ষা বল]]ৰ (BSF) ছেক্টৰ হেডকুৱাৰ্টাৰ (SHQ) আছে। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ পানগোডত এটা ডাঙৰ সামৰিক ছাউনী আছে। ইয়াত [[ভাৰতীয় সেনা]]ৰ কেইটামান ৰেজিমেণ্ট নিয়োজিত হৈ আছে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Up-close look at military weapons |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/Up-close-look-at-military-weapons/article14574294.ece |access-date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 August 2016}}</ref> চহৰখনত [[সংযুক্ত আৰৱ আমিৰাত]]ৰ এটা পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয় (Consulate) অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{cite web |title=UAE Consulate Thiruvananthapuram Kerala |url=http://uaeconsulate-kerala.com/demo/about-consulate.html |website=Consulate of United Arab Emirates |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134447/http://uaeconsulate-kerala.com/demo/about-consulate.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=25 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125134447/http://uaeconsulate-kerala.com/demo/about-consulate.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> লগতে [[মালদ্বীপ]]ৰ এটা পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয় ইয়াত আছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Consulate of Maldives |url=https://www.consulateofmaldives.in/ |website=Consulate of Maldives in Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=Netindia |access-date=24 January 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি চহৰখনত [[শ্ৰী লংকা]], [[ৰাছিয়া]] আৰু [[জাৰ্মানী]]ৰ অবৈতনিক পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয়সমূহ (Honorary Consulates) আছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Honorary Consul of Sri Lanka |url=http://slhckerala.org/contactus.php |website=Consulate of Sri Lanka in Kerala |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125074607/http://slhckerala.org/contactus.php |url-status=dead |archivedate=25 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125074607/http://slhckerala.org/contactus.php |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=City needs special zone for diplomatic missions |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/City-needs-special-zone-for-diplomatic-missions/article16771608.ece |access-date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 December 2016}}</ref> === জনোপযোগিতা সেৱা === কেৰেলা পানী কৰ্তৃপক্ষই চহৰখনত পানী যোগান ধৰে। এই পানীৰ উৎস হৈছে [[কাৰামানা নদী]]।<ref name="water">{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram Water Supply |url=http://www.tvmcity.in/water-supply |website=Thiruvananthapuram Smart City |publisher=Municipal Corporation of Thiruvananthapuram |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=7 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007082049/http://www.tvmcity.in/water-supply |url-status=dead |archivedate=7 October 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007082049/http://www.tvmcity.in/water-supply |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইয়াৰ বেছিভাগ পানী অৰুভিক্কাৰা আৰু পেপ্পাৰা বন্যপ্ৰাণী অভয়াৰণ্যৰ জলাশয়ৰপৰা সংগ্ৰহ কৰা হয়। তাৰ পিছত অৰুভিক্কাৰা পাম্পিং ষ্টেচনত এই পানী শোধন আৰু বিশুদ্ধ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news |title=Renovation on at KWA pumping stations |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/renovation-on-at-kwa-pumping-stations/article5829060.ece |access-date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=25 March 2014}}</ref> ১৯৩৩ চনত কাৰ্যক্ষম হোৱা 'ৱেলিংটন ৱাটাৰ ৱৰ্কছ' ভাৰতৰ ভিতৰতে অন্যতম পুৰণি চহৰ পানী যোগান আঁচনি।<ref>{{cite news |title=Wellington Water Works an example of far-sightedness |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/lsquoWellington-Water-Works-an-example-of-far-sightednessrsquo/article16654463.ece |access-date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=31 March 2010}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ লেতেৰা পানী মুত্তথৰা নলা-শোধন প্ৰকল্পত শোধন কৰা হয়। এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে প্ৰতিদিনে ৩২ নিযুত লিটাৰ আৱৰ্জনা পানী নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |last1=B. Nair |first1=Rajesh |title=Sludge disposal poses a hurdle at Muttathara sewage treatment plant |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/sludge-disposal-poses-a-hurdle-at-muttathara-sewage-treatment-plant/article5078955.ece |access-date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=31 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Waste water Management |url=http://www.tvmcity.in/waste-water-mgmt |website=Smartcity Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=C-DIT |access-date=24 January 2018 |archive-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120160503/http://www.tvmcity.in/waste-water-mgmt |url-status=dead |archivedate=20 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180120160503/http://www.tvmcity.in/waste-water-mgmt |deadurl=yes }}</ref> নলা-নৰ্দমা ব্যৱস্থা কাৰ্যকৰী কৰাৰ বাবে চহৰৰ এলেকাক সাতটা ব্লকত বিভক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Sewerage Scheme (Thiruvananthapuram) Phase – I |url=https://infrastructureindia.gov.in/view-project?p_p_id=viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_col_id=column-1&p_p_col_count=1&_viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet_jspPage=%2Fhtml%2Fviewproject%2Fview.jsp&_viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet_ppp=Government+Infrastructure+Projects+%28Traditional+Procurement%29&_viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet_projectId=15303&_viewproject_WAR_Projectportlet_currURL=%2Fprojects-list-by-sector%3Fp_p_id%3Dprojectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-1%26p_p_col_count%3D1%26_projectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet_jspPage%3D%252Fhtml%252Fprojectlistbysector%252Fview.jsp%26_projectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet_hdSubsectorList%3D%26_projectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet_keywords%3D%26_projectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet_advancedSearch%3Dfalse%26_projectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet_andOperator%3Dtrue%26_projectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet_orderByCol%3DprojectName%26_projectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet_orderByType%3Dasc%26_projectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet_resetCur%3Dfalse%26_projectlistbysector_WAR_Projectportlet_delta%3D75 |publisher=Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Government of India |access-date=24 January 2018}}</ref> চহৰখনত বিদ্যুৎ যোগান ধৰে কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যিক বিদ্যুৎ ব’ৰ্ড চমুকেই কে.এছ.ই.বি.য়ে (KSEB)।<ref>{{cite news |title=KSEB commissions substation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/kseb-commissions-substation/articleshow/59745307.cms |access-date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=25 July 2015}}</ref> অগ্নি নিৰ্বাপক সেৱাসমূহ কেৰেলা অগ্নি নিৰ্বাপক আৰু উদ্ধাৰ সেৱাই পৰিচালনা কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Trivandrum to get modern fire fighting equipment for faster aid |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/jul/22/trivandrum-to-get-modern-fire-fighting-equipment-for-faster-aid-1631875.html |access-date=24 January 2018 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=22 July 2017}}</ref> ==অৰ্থনীতি== {{Panorama | image = File:Trivandrum City North Panorama.jpg | height = 230 | alt = চহৰখনৰ উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম অংশত থকা টেকন’ভেলীৰ এটা নৈশ দৃশ্য। | caption = <div style="text-align:center">চহৰখনৰ উত্তৰ-পশ্চিম অংশত থকা টেকন’ভেলীৰ এটা নৈশ দৃশ্য।</div> }} [[File:Thiruvananthapuram Infosys campus.JPG|thumb|ইনফোচিছ চৌহদৰ এটা অংশ। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ভাৰতৰ এক অন্যতম প্ৰধান তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি কেন্দ্ৰ। ]] তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰখন এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভৌগোলিক স্থানত অৱস্থিত। ই সুয়েজৰপৰা ছিংগাপুৰ সংযোগী সুদূৰ প্ৰাচ্যৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সাগৰীয় জাহাজ পথৰপৰা মাত্ৰ ১০ সাগৰীয় মাইল (১৯ কিলোমিটাৰ) নিলগত অৱস্থিত। ইয়াৰ ফলত চহৰখন বিশ্বৰ এক প্ৰধান সামুদ্ৰিক যাতায়াত পথৰ অতি ওচৰত পৰে। এই সুবিধাজনক অৱস্থিতিৰ লগতে নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য বিদ্যুৎ যোগান, বিশুদ্ধ পানী আৰু দীঘলীয়া উপকূলৰ উপলব্ধতাই চহৰখনৰ ঔদ্যোগিক বিকাশ খৰতকীয়া কৰি তুলিছে। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ অৰ্থনীতি মূলত [[তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি]], শিক্ষা, বাগিছাভিত্তিক খেতি, মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান, বাণিজ্য আৰু [[পৰ্যটন]]ৰ ওপৰত প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত।<ref name="sceco">{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram economy |url=http://www.tvmcity.in/economy |website=Smart City Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=C-DIT Government of Kerala |access-date=1 March 2018 |archive-date=11 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111221337/http://www.tvmcity.in/economy |url-status=dead |archivedate=11 November 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111221337/http://www.tvmcity.in/economy |deadurl=yes }}</ref> কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যৰ মুঠ ঘৰুৱা উৎপাদনত (GDP) তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম জিলাৰ অৱদান হৈছে ১০.৩১%।<ref name="ecrev">{{cite web |title=Kerala Economic Review |url=https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/ad430667-ade5-4c62-8cb8-a89d27d396f1 |website=Government of Kerala |publisher=Kerala State Planning Board |access-date=1 March 2018 |archive-date=20 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720141140/https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/ad430667-ade5-4c62-8cb8-a89d27d396f1 |url-status=dead |archivedate=20 July 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720141140/https://kerala.gov.in/documents/10180/ad430667-ade5-4c62-8cb8-a89d27d396f1 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ১৩.৮৩% অৰ্থনৈতিক বিকাশৰ হাৰেৰে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম হৈছে কেৰেলাৰ আটাইতকৈ দ্ৰুতগতিত বিকাশশীল জিলা।<ref name="ecrev"/> গোলকীয় [[বিত্তীয় সেৱা]] প্ৰতিষ্ঠান [[মৰ্গান ষ্টেনলি]] (Morgan Stanley) ৰ এক অধ্যয়ন অনুসৰি তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমে ভাৰতৰ শীৰ্ষ ১০খন সক্ৰিয় আৰু উপভোগী চহৰৰ ভিতৰত স্থান লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name="MorStan">{{cite web |title=AlphaWise City Vibrancy Index: A Guide to India's Urbanization |page=7 |url=http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/1090352/898699386/name/City_MS.pdf |publisher=Morgan Stanley |access-date=1 March 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122084247/http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/1090352/898699386/name/City_MS.pdf |archive-date=22 November 2011 |archivedate=22 November 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122084247/http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/1090352/898699386/name/City_MS.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> কেন্দ্ৰীয় আৰু ৰাজ্য চৰকাৰৰ কৰ্মচাৰীসকলে চহৰখনৰ কৰ্মসংস্থাপনৰ এক বৃহৎ অংশ অধিকাৰ কৰি আছে।<ref name="ecrev"/> [[File:MSC IRINA TRIVANDRUM PORT HD.jpg|thumb|left|alt=খেজুৰ গছৰ মাজেৰে দেখা পোৱা এখন বৃহৎ কণ্টেইনাৰ জাহাজ|২০২৫ চনৰ জুন মাহত বিশ্বৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ কণ্টেইনাৰ জাহাজ এম.এছ.চি. 'ইৰিনা' (MSC Irina) তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত উপস্থিত হয়। এই আগমনৰ জৰিয়তে জাহাজখনে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে দক্ষিণ এছিয়াৰ কোনো বন্দৰত প্ৰৱেশ কৰে]] তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ভাৰতৰ এক প্ৰধান মহাকাশ গৱেষণা কেন্দ্ৰ। ইয়াত [[ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ গৱেষণা সংস্থা]]ৰ (ISRO) আটাইতকৈ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আৰু অগ্ৰণী কেন্দ্ৰ [[বিক্ৰম সাৰাভাই মহাকাশ কেন্দ্ৰ]] (VSSC) অৱস্থিত।<ref name="vssc">{{cite web |title=Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/vikram-sarabhai-space-centre-vssc |website=Indian Space Research Organisation |publisher=Department of Space, Government of India |access-date=1 March 2018 |archive-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202050/https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/vikram-sarabhai-space-centre-vssc |url-status=dead |archivedate=2 June 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602202050/https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/vikram-sarabhai-space-centre-vssc |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি থুম্বা ইকুৱেটৰিয়েল ৰকেট উৎক্ষেপণ কেন্দ্ৰ, লিকুইড প্ৰপালচন চিষ্টেমছ চেণ্টাৰ আৰু ইছৰ’ ইনাৰ্ছিয়েল চিষ্টেমছ ইউনিটৰ দৰে মহাকাশ গৱেষণাৰ সৈতে জড়িত চৰকাৰী কেন্দ্ৰসমূহ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমতে অৱস্থিত।<ref name="isrocen">{{cite web |title=ISRO Centres |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/isro-centres |website=Indian Space Research Organisation |publisher=Department of Space, Government of India |access-date=1 March 2018 |archive-date=29 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129043646/https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/isro-centres |url-status=dead |archivedate=29 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129043646/https://www.isro.gov.in/about-isro/isro-centres |deadurl=yes }}</ref> 'ব্ৰহ্মপুত্ৰ এৰ’স্পেচ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম লিমিটেড' হৈছে ভাৰতৰ অন্যতম আগশাৰীৰ মিছাইল একত্ৰীকৰণ (missile integration) আৰু প্ৰতিৰক্ষা উৎপাদন গোট।<ref name="brahmos">{{cite news |last1=Chandran |first1=Cynthia |title=Central Industrial Security Force to take over BrahMos security |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/221217/central-industrial-security-force-to-take-over-brahmos-security.html |access-date=1 March 2018 |newspaper=Deccan Chronicle |date=22 December 2017}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ অন্যান্য উদ্যোগসমূহৰ ভিতৰত ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ টাইটানিয়াম প্ৰডাক্টছ, কেৰেলা অটোম’বাইলছ লিমিটেড, মিলমা (MILMA), ইংলিছ ইণ্ডিয়ান ক্লেইজ, কেলট্ৰন (Keltron), ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম ৰবাৰ ৱৰ্কছ আৰু এইচ.এল.এল. লাইফকেয়াৰ লিমিটেড অন্যতম। [[File:Lulumalltrivandrum.jpg|thumbnail|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ এক ঘাইপথৰ দৃশ্য]] তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ভাৰতৰ এক অন্যতম প্ৰধান তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি (IT) আৰু তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি সমৰ্থিত সেৱা (ITES) কেন্দ্ৰ। কেৰেলাৰ মুঠ ছফ্টৱেৰ ৰপ্তানিৰ প্ৰায় ৪০-৪৫% কেৱল এই চহৰখনেই যোগান ধৰে।<ref name="ecrev"/><ref name="stone">{{cite news |url=http://technopark.org/news?id=305 |work=Technopark |title=Kunhalikutty to lay foundation stone for Technopark tomorrow |date=24 February 2016 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=17 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404165537/https://www.technopark.org/news?id=305 |url-status=dead |archivedate=4 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404165537/https://www.technopark.org/news?id=305 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত অৰেকল কৰ্প’ৰেচন, নিছান, এইচ.চি.এল. টেক, একচেঞ্চাৰ, এলিয়াঞ্জ টেকন’লজী, এনভেষ্টনেট, টাটা কনচুলটেন্সী ছাৰ্ভিচেছ, ইনফোচিছ, ইউ.এছ.টি. গ্লোবেল, আৰ্নষ্ট এণ্ড ইয়ং, ফ্লাইটেক্সট, গাইডহাউচ, টাটা এলেক্সি, মেকিনছী এণ্ড কোম্পানী, আৰ.আৰ. ডনেলী আৰু কুৱেষ্ট গ্লোবেলৰ দৰে বিশ্বৰ প্ৰধান [[বহুৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কোম্পানী|বহুৰাষ্ট্ৰীয়]] প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহ অৱস্থিত।<ref name="techcomp">{{cite web |title=Companies in Technopark |url=http://www.technopark.org/company-a-z-listing |website=Technopark |access-date=1 March 2018 |archive-date=27 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227035018/http://technopark.org/company-a-z-listing |url-status=dead |archivedate=27 February 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227035018/http://technopark.org/company-a-z-listing |deadurl=yes }}</ref> সজোৱা মাটিকে ধৰি নিৰ্মিত এলেকাৰ (built-up area) হিচাপত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ [[টেকন’পাৰ্ক, তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম|টেকন’পাৰ্ক]] হৈছে ভাৰতৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি উদ্যান।<ref name="techlarge">{{cite news |title=Technopark becomes largest IT park in the country |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/technopark-becomes-largest-it-park-in-the-country/articleshow/28958104.cms |access-date=1 March 2018 |work=Economic Times |date=17 January 2014}}</ref> প্ৰায় ৪০০টা কোম্পানীত ৫২,০০০ গৰাকী তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি বৃত্তিধাৰী লোকেৰে ই কেৰেলাৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ সংস্থাপন ক্ষেত্ৰ।<ref name="ecrev" /><ref name="techcomp" /> অন্যান্য তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি, সংবাদ মাধ্যম আৰু ঔদ্যোগিক চৌহদসমূহৰ ভিতৰত কিনফ্ৰা ফিল্ম এণ্ড ভিডিঅ’ পাৰ্ক, কিনফ্ৰা এপাৰেল পাৰ্ক, বি-হাব (B-HUB) আৰু চিত্ৰাঞ্জলি ফিল্ম কমপ্লেক্স অন্যতম।<ref name="kinfra">{{cite web |title=Kinfra Parks |url=http://kinfra.org/parks |website=Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Film city plan on fast track |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/film-city-plan-on-fast-track/article22526150.ece |access-date=1 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 January 2018}}</ref> আনহাতে চহৰখনৰ অন্যান্য গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰযুক্তি, [[জৈৱ প্ৰযুক্তি]] আৰু ঔদ্যোগিক চৌহদসমূহৰ ভিতৰত টেকন’চিটি, বায়’ ৩৬০ লাইফ ছায়েন্সেছ পাৰ্ক আৰু ডিজিটেল ছায়েন্স পাৰ্ক অন্যতম। <ref>{{cite news |title=Boost for Life Sciences Park development |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/boost-for-life-sciences-park-development/article19988996.ece |access-date=1 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=6 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=S |first1=Unnikrishnan |title=Technopark: Riding smoothly into the future |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2018/feb/01/technopark-riding-smoothly-into-the-future-1766890.html |access-date=1 March 2018 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=1 February 2018}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ অৰ্থনীতিত পৰ্যটন খণ্ডই এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰে।<ref name="Tourists Statistics 2007">{{cite report |work=Tourism Department, Kerala |url=http://www.keralatourism.org/tourismstatistics/Microsoft%20Word%20-%20Tourist_statistics_for_Internet.pdf |title=Tourism statistics 2007 |access-date=8 May 2008}}</ref><ref name=tour>{{cite news |last1=Radhakrishnan |first1=S Anil |title=Good news for tourism sector |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/good-news-for-tourism-sector/article22669673.ece |access-date=1 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |work=Kerala Tourism |url=http://www.keralatourism.org/destination-wise-foreign-2010.pdf |title=Destination wise foreign tourist visits |access-date=4 August 2016}}</ref> ইয়াত থকা বিভিন্ন প্ৰাকৃতিক আকৰ্ষণ যেনে— সাগৰীয় তীৰ, [[কেৰেলাৰ জলাশয়|জলাশয় বা কায়েল]] (backwaters), পাহাৰ আৰু বাগিছাসমূহে পৰ্যটকসকলক আকৰ্ষণ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি চহৰখনৰ ঐতিহাসিক ঐতিহ্য, ইতিহাস, [[আয়ুৰ্বেদ]], চিকিৎসা পৰ্যটন (medical tourism) আৰু জ্ঞান কেন্দ্ৰসমূহেও বহুসংখ্যক পৰ্যটFormক আকৰ্ষিত কৰে।<ref name="trvtour">{{cite news |title=Brainstorming for sustainable tourism |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/sep/27/brainstorming-for-sustainable-tourism-1663732.html |access-date=1 March 2018 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=27 September 2017}}</ref> ২০১৬-১৭ বৰ্ষত চহৰখনৰ মাটি-সম্পত্তি ক্ৰয়-বিক্ৰয়, আন্তঃগাঁথনি আৰু খুচুৰা ব্যৱসায় খণ্ডত বিনিয়োগৰ অভূতপূৰ্ব উত্থান ঘটিছিল।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saikiran |first1=KP |title=Realty sees a surge in Kerala |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/realty-sees-a-surge-in-kerala/articleshow/59950656.cms |access-date=1 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=7 August 2017}}</ref> === বন্দৰ-ভিত্তিক উন্নয়ন === তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম হৈছে এখন বাণিজ্যিক বন্দৰ চহৰ। ইয়াত [[ভিঝিনজাম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম]] নামৰ এটা গভীৰ সাগৰীয় কণ্টেইনাৰ ট্ৰান্স-শ্বিপমেণ্ট বন্দৰ থকাৰ বাবে প্ৰচুৰ বন্দৰ-ভিত্তিক আন্তঃগাঁথনি গঢ়ি উঠিছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Union Minister Shri Sarbananda Sonowal receives First Mother Ship at Vizhinjam - India's first deep water Container Transhipment Port |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2032811 |website=Pib.gov.in|access-date=2025-05-20}}</ref> এই বন্দৰটো আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় জাহাজ চলাচল পথৰ একেবাৰে ওচৰত অৱস্থিত। ই অতি ব্যস্ত পাৰস্য উপসাগৰ–মালাক্কা জাহাজ পথৰপৰা মাত্ৰ {{convert|10|to|12|nmi|km}} সাগৰীয় মাইল নিলগত অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{cite news |title=Vallarpadam Port loses out to Colombo on smaller draft, higher charges |url=https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/vallarpadam-port-loses-out-to-colombo-on-smaller-draft-higher-charges-2/ |publisher=Hellenic Shipping News |archive-date=2 March 2018 |access-date=1 March 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.org |url-status=dead |archivedate=2 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302050249/https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/vallarpadam-port-loses-out-to-colombo-on-smaller-draft-higher-charges-2/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইয়াৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক গভীৰতা হৈছে {{Convert|18|to|20|m|ft}}। ইয়াৰ ফলত ইয়াত ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ কণ্টেইনাৰ জাহাজসমূহ সহজে চাপিব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=A Kerala Port with Adani. Why That's a Good Thing |url=https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/a-kerala-port-with-adani-why-thats-a-good-thing-780831 |publisher=NDTV}}</ref> ইয়াৰ বাৰ্থ বা ঘাটসমূহ ২৪,০০০ পৰ্যন্ত টি.ই.ইউ. (TEU - twenty-foot equivalent units) ক্ষমতাৰ জাহাজ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিব পৰাকৈ সাজি উলিওৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Sailing ahead |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/jun/01/sailing-ahead-1611400.html |publisher=The New Indian Express}}</ref> এই বন্দৰ-ভিত্তিক উন্নয়নে অঞ্চলটোত সামগ্ৰী পৰিবহণ, গুডামঘৰ, জাহাজ সেৱা, সহায়ক আন্তঃগাঁথনি, বাণিজ্য আৰু পৰিবহণ সংযোগ ব্যৱস্থাৰ সক্ৰিয়তা বৃদ্ধি কৰিছে। === ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম আউটাৰ ৰিং ৰোড === প্ৰস্তাৱিত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম বাহ্যিক বৃত্তপথ বা ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম আউটাৰ ৰিং ৰোড (ORR) চমুকেই বাহ্যিক এলেকা বিকাশ কৰিড’ৰ (OAGC) বুলিও জনা যায়। এইটো চহৰ আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলসমূহৰ দীৰ্ঘম্যাদী অৰ্থনৈতিক বিকাশৰ বাবে এক প্ৰধান আন্তঃগাঁথনিমূলক পদক্ষেপ। এই কৰিড’ৰটো [[ভিঝিনজাম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম]] আৰু নাভাইকুলামৰ মাজত প্ৰায় ৭৮–৮০ কিলোমিটাৰ জুৰি বিস্তৃত হ’ব। ইয়াক নিৰ্ধাৰিত অৰ্থনৈতিক মণ্ডলৰ সৈতে এটা ছয়লেনযুক্ত নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত-প্ৰৱেশ ঘাইপথ হিচাপে পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছে। এই প্ৰকল্পৰ মহাপৰিকল্পনাই ৰাজধানী অঞ্চলৰ চাৰিওফালে এক সংহত বিনিয়োগ অঞ্চল গঢ়ি তোলাৰ লক্ষ্য ৰাখিছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত সামগ্ৰী পৰিবহণ, ঔদ্যোগিক বিকাশ, তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি, স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা, স্বাস্থ্য পৰ্যটন, সাধাৰণ পৰ্যটন, শিক্ষা আৰু বাণিজ্যিক সেৱাৰ দৰে একাধিক বিশেষ ক্লাষ্টাৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। এই কেন্দ্ৰিকৃত বিকাশৰ বাবে ভিঝিনজাম, কোভালাম, বেম্বায়াম, মংগলাপুৰম আৰু নেদুমাংগাদৰ দৰে গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ স্থানসমূহক চিহ্নিত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত ভিঝিনজামত এটা সামগ্ৰী পৰিবহণ কেন্দ্ৰ আৰু উপকূলীয় অঞ্চলত এটা স্বাস্থ্য তথা পৰ্যটন কেন্দ্ৰ গঢ়ি তোলা হ’ব। এই প্ৰকল্পটোৱে ভিঝিনজাম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰ, তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি কৰিড’ৰ আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঘাইপথ নেটৱৰ্কৰ মাজত সংযোগ ব্যৱস্থা শক্তিশালী কৰিব বুলি আশা কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ ফলত বন্দৰ-ভিত্তিক ঔদ্যোগিক বিকাশ আৰু আঞ্চলিক অৰ্থনৈতিক সম্প্ৰসাৰণ সুচল হ’ব।<ref name="OAGC_CRDP">The Hindu (2020), "New unit to manage growth corridor project"</ref><ref name="OAGC_NEWS">The New Indian Express (2023), "Outer Area Growth Corridor: Eight economic clusters proposed in Thiruvananthapuram"</ref><ref name="OAGC_WIKI">Wikipedia: Outer Ring Road, Thiruvananthapuram</ref> == পৰ্যটন == [[File:Harverting lotus leafs.jpg|thumb|left|[[ভেল্লায়নী হ্ৰদ]]ৰপৰা পদুম পাত সংগ্ৰহ কৰাৰ এক দৃশ্য। ]] তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ভাৰতৰ এক অন্যতম প্ৰধান পৰ্যটন কেন্দ্ৰ।<ref name=tour/> চহৰখনৰ ওচৰত অৱস্থিত [[কোভালাম]] আৰু [[ভাৰকলা]] হৈছে অতি জনপ্ৰিয় সাগৰীয় তীৰ চহৰ (beach towns)।<ref>{{Cite news |title=5 best beach destinations in Kerala for sun, sand, and serenity |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/5-best-beach-destinations-in-kerala-for-sun-sand-and-serenity/photostory/112710340.cms?picid=112710457 |access-date=2025-03-10 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> অন্যান্য গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সাগৰীয় তীৰসমূহৰ ভিতৰত [[পুভাৰ]], [[শংখুমুগম সাগৰীয় তীৰ]], আজিমালা সাগৰীয় তীৰ, [[ভিঝিনজাম]] সাগৰীয় তীৰ আৰু ভেলী সাগৰীয় তীৰ অন্যতম। চহৰখনৰ আন আন দৰ্শনীয় স্থানসমূহ হৈছে [[অগস্ত্যমালা]] বৰ্ষাৰণ্য, [[নিয়াৰ বন্যপ্ৰাণী অভয়াৰণ্য]], [[কাল্লাৰ]], ব্ৰেম’ৰ, [[পনমুডী]] পাহাৰ, পুভাৰ, [[আঞ্চুথেংগু]] জলাশয় (backwaters), ভাৰকলা ক্লিফ বা পাহাৰীয়া থিয় গড়া আৰু [[কাপ্পিল, তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম|কাপ্পিল]]-[[এদভা]] হ্ৰদ। {{cn|date=June 2026}} চহৰখন ইয়াৰ অনন্য স্থাপত্যশৈলীৰ বাবেও জনাজাত। ইয়াত ব্ৰিটিছ আৰু দ্ৰাবিড় প্ৰভাৱযুক্ত [[কেৰেলাৰ স্থাপত্যশৈলী]] দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{cite news |title=Timeless built heritage |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/timeless-built-heritage/article2094594.ece |access-date=28 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 June 2011}}</ref> [[নেপিয়াৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়]], [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চিৰিয়াখানা]], [[পদ্মনাভস্বামী মন্দিৰ]], [[কুথিৰা মালিকা|কুথিৰা মালিকা ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ]], কি্লিমানুৰ ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ আৰু তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম গল্ফ ক্লাবৰ ঐতিহ্যবাহী ভৱন ইয়াৰ অন্যতম উদাহৰণ। {{cn|date=June 2026}} চহৰখনৰ প্ৰধান সংগ্ৰহালয়সমূহৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰিয়দৰ্শিনী [[তাৰাগৃহ]] সংলগ্ন হৈ থকা [[কেৰেলা বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি সংগ্ৰহালয়]], [[নেপিয়াৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়]], [[কেৰেলা মাটি সংগ্ৰহালয়]] আৰু [[কয়িক্কাল ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ|কয়িক্কাল ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ সংগ্ৰহালয়]] অন্যতম। আনহাতে [[অগস্ত্যমালা জৈৱ-মণ্ডল সংৰক্ষিত অঞ্চল]]ক [[ইউনেস্কো]] (UNESCO) ৰ [[বিশ্ব জৈৱ-মণ্ডল সংৰক্ষিত অঞ্চলৰ নেটৱৰ্ক]]ত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Agasthyamala |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/asia-and-the-pacific/india/agasthyamala/ |website=UNESCO |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> == সংস্কৃতি == [[File:Napier_Museum_Thiruvananthapuran_DSW_New.jpg|thumb|left|১৮৫৫ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা [[নেপিয়াৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়]]ত প্ৰাচীন চিত্ৰকলা আৰু পুৰাতাত্ত্বিক সমলৰ এক বিশাল সংগ্ৰহ আছে]] সেউজীয়া প্ৰাকৃতিক পৰিৱেশ আৰু বহুতো ৰাজহুৱা উদ্যানৰ উপস্থিতিৰ বাবে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমক "ভাৰতৰ চিৰসেউজ চহৰ" বুলি জনা যায়।<ref>{{cite news |title=The Evergreen City of India |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlookmoney/invest/the-evergreen-city-of-india-1644 |access-date=20 January 2025 |agency=Outlook India |date=17 May 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517191347/http://www.outlookindia.com/outlookmoney/invest/the-evergreen-city-of-india-1644/ |archive-date=17 May 2017 |archivedate=17 May 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517191347/http://www.outlookindia.com/outlookmoney/invest/the-evergreen-city-of-india-1644/ |deadurl=yes}}</ref> পূৰ্বৰ শাসকসকলে শিল্প, স্থাপত্য আৰু উদাৰ নীতিৰ বিকাশ সাধন কৰাৰ বাবে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ঐতিহাসিকভাৱে [[দক্ষিণ ভাৰত]]ৰ এক সাংস্কৃতিক কেন্দ্ৰ আছিল। ইয়াৰ প্ৰমাণস্বৰূপে মহাৰাজ [[স্বাতী তিৰুনাল]] আৰু [[ৰাজা ৰবি বাৰ্মা]]ৰ দৰে প্ৰখ্যাত শিল্পীসকল এই চহৰৰ আছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title=The Monarch musician |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/the-monarch-musician/article5504087.ece |access-date=7 December 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Raja Ravi Varma: The father of Modern Indian Art |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/raja-ravi-varma-320621-2016-04-29 |access-date=7 December 2017 |magazine=India Today |date=28 April 2017 |archive-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213185912/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/raja-ravi-varma/1/654640.html |url-status=live }}</ref> চহৰখনত [[নাৰায়ণ গুৰু|শ্ৰী নাৰায়ণ গুৰু]], চট্টম্পী স্বামীকাল, আয়্যানকালী, বাক্কম মৌলৱী আৰু চি. ভি. ৰমন পিল্লাইৰ দৰে বিশিষ্ট সমাজ সংস্কাৰকসকলেও জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last1=India |first1=Office of the Registrar General |last2=Narayanan |first2=Krishnaswamy |title=Census of India, 1971: Series 9: Kerala, Part 6, Issue 1 |year=1973 |publisher=Manager of Publications – India |location=University of Michigan |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8EXAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> মালায়ালম সাহিত্যৰ তিনিগৰাকী প্ৰধান কবিৰ ভিতৰত দুগৰাকী ক্ৰমে [[উলূৰ এছ পৰমেশ্বৰ আয়াৰ]] আৰু [[কুমাৰন আছান]] তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Profiles/Ulloor/Html/Ulloorgraphy.htm |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi website |publisher=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=7 December 2017 |language=ml}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Talk of the Town |publisher=Penguin Books India, 2008 |isbn=9780143330134 |page=130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Az1XFhjzmUwC |year=2008}}</ref> চহৰখনত প্ৰতি বছৰে 'কোভালাম সাহিত্য উৎসৱ'ৰ দৰে বাৰ্ষিক সাহিত্য উৎসৱসমূহ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram Hosts Kovalam Literary Fest |url=https://www.keralatourism.org/news/kovalam-literary-fest/1869 |website=Kerala Tourism |access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> ১৮২৯ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা ভাৰতৰ অন্যতম পুৰণি ৰাজহুৱা পুথিভঁৰাল [[কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যিক কেন্দ্ৰীয় পুথিভঁৰাল]], তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পৌৰ নিগম কেন্দ্ৰীয় পুথিভঁৰাল আৰু [[केৰেলা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় পুথিভঁৰাল]]ৰ দৰে চৰকাৰী প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহে সাহিত্যিক বিকাশৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত সহায় কৰি আহিছে।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Keralalibrary |title=Kerala's 188 Years Old Library Is All Set To Become Blind-Friendly |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/keralas-188-years-old-library-is-all-set-to-become-blind-friendly/302184 |access-date=12 December 2017 |publisher=Outlook Web Bureau |date=25 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Library and Information Science |url=https://www.keralauniversity.ac.in/dept/deptHome.php?deptID=105 |publisher=Kerala University |access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> ট্ৰাভাংকোৰৰ মহাৰাজ স্বাতী তিৰুনালৰ দিনৰেপৰা তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম [[ভাৰতীয় ধ্ৰুপদী সংগীত]]ৰ এক প্ৰধান কেন্দ্ৰ আছিল।<ref name="classicalmusictvm">{{cite news |last1=S. Nair |first1=Achuthsankar |title=Music and Thiruvananthapuram |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/the-capital-city-as-a-hub-of-classical-music/article7761426.ece |access-date=12 December 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=14 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=K |first1=Radhakrishnan |title=My Odyssey: Memoirs of the Man behind the Mangalyaan Mission |date=23 November 2016 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=9789385990380 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WxtwDQAAQBAJ}}</ref> চহৰখনত দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰ অন্যতম পুৰণি উৎসৱ নৱৰাত্ৰী সংগীত উৎসৱ, স্বাতী সংগীতোৎসৱ, সূৰ্য সংগীত উৎসৱ আৰু নীলকণ্ঠ শিৱন সংগীত উৎসৱ আদি বহুতো সংগীত উৎসৱ বিভিন্ন সাংস্কৃতিক গোটে আয়োজন কৰে।<ref name="classicalmusictvm" /> ১১১ দিন ধৰি চলা [[সূৰ্য উৎসৱ]] (Soorya Festival) হৈছে [[কেৰেলা]]ৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ কলা আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক অনুষ্ঠান।<ref name="sooryafest">{{cite news |title=Soorya festival set to begin today |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/Soorya-festival-set-to-begin-today/article14991116.ece |access-date=12 December 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=1 November 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213035817/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/Soorya-festival-set-to-begin-today/article14991116.ece |archivedate=13 December 2019 |deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=111-day Surya festival begins today |url=https://indiatimes.com |access-date=12 December 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 September 2017}}</ref> এই উৎসৱত চলচ্চিত্ৰ উৎসৱ, নাট্য উৎসৱ, নৃত্য, সংগীত, চিত্ৰকলা আৰু ফটোগ্ৰাফী প্ৰদৰ্শনী অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা হয়।<ref name="sooryafest" /> [[File:Iffk 2011 DSCN4617-crop.jpg|thumb|right|কেৰালী থিয়েটাৰ কমপ্লেক্সত ২০১১ চনৰ ১৬সংখ্যক কেৰেলা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ উৎসৱৰ ব্যেনাৰ]] মালায়ালম চলচ্চিত্ৰ উদ্যোগৰ আৰম্ভণি তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰৰপৰাই হৈছিল। জে. চি. ডেনিয়েলৰ নিৰ্দেশনাত নিৰ্মিত প্ৰথমখন মালায়ালম পূৰ্ণদৈৰ্ঘ্য ছবি [[বিগথকুমাৰন]] তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমতে মুক্তি দিয়া হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Srivastava |first1=Manoj |title=Wide Angle: History of Indian Cinema |date=2017 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=9781946280480 |pages=130 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18pBDwAAQBAJ}}</ref> জে. চি. ডেনিয়েলক মালায়ালম চলচ্চিত্ৰ উদ্যোগৰ পিতৃপুৰুষ বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। তেওঁ ১৯২৬ চনত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত কেৰেলাৰ প্ৰথমটো চলচ্চিত্ৰ ষ্টুডিঅ’ 'ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ নেচনেল পিকচাৰ্ছ' স্থাপন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net/jcdaniel.html |title=J C Daniel |access-date=23 April 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606225929/http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net/jcdaniel.html |archive-date=6 June 2009 |archivedate=6 June 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090606225929/http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net/jcdaniel.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Oommen |first1=M. A. |last2=Varkey Joseph |first2=Kumbattu |title=Economics of Indian Cinema |date=1991 |publisher=Oxford & IBH Publishing Company |location=University of California |isbn=978-81-204-0575-2 |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U-BkAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> প্ৰতি বছৰে ডিচেম্বৰ মাহত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা [[কেৰেলা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চলচ্চিত্ৰ উৎসৱ]] (IFFK) দৰ্শকৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰফালৰপৰা এছিয়াৰ অন্যতম বৃহৎ চলচ্চিত্ৰ উৎসৱ।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://entecity.com/news/festivals-in-trivandrum/ |title=11 Festivals You Will Find Only in Trivandrum! |author=Amal |date=18 February 2016 |work=EnteCity.com |access-date=21 February 2017 |archive-date=14 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314185511/http://entecity.com/news/festivals-in-trivandrum/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cheerath |first1=Bhawani |title=IFFK 2017: A celebration of cinema from across the globe |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/iffk-2017-a-cinematic-extravaganza/article21288507.ece |access-date=15 December 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 December 2017}}</ref> বিভিন্ন চলচ্চিত্ৰ উৎসৱৰ উপৰি, [[চলচ্চিত্ৰ প্ৰমাণীকৰণৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় ব’ৰ্ড]] (CBFC) ৰ আঞ্চলিক কাৰ্যালয়ৰ উপস্থিতি, উমা ষ্টুডিঅ’, [[চিত্ৰাঞ্জলি ষ্টুডিঅ’]], মেৰীলেণ্ড ষ্টুডিঅ’, [[কিনফ্ৰা ফিল্ম এণ্ড ভিডিঅ’ পাৰ্ক]] আৰু বিস্ময়াজ মেক্সৰ দৰে বহুতো চিনেমা ষ্টুডিঅ’ তথা প্ৰযোজনা সুবিধাই তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমক চলচ্চিত্ৰৰ এক অন্যতম কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে গঢ়ি তুলিছে।<ref>{{cite news |title=The Capital of cinema |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/the-capital-of-cinema/article5401273.ece |access-date=29 November 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |publisher=Baiju Chandran |date=28 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A week-long theatre extravaganza in Kerala capital |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/sep/21/a-week-long-theatre-extravaganza-in-kerala-capital-1660772.html |access-date=15 December 2017 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=22 September 2017}}</ref> বিখ্যাত [[পদ্মনাভস্বামী মন্দিৰ]]ৰ উপৰি, চহৰখনৰ স্থাপত্যশিল্পক [[নেপিয়াৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়]] আৰু ভাৰতৰ অন্যতম পুৰণি চিৰিয়াখানা [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চিৰিয়াখানা]]ই সমৃদ্ধ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Zoological Garden, Thiruvananthapuram |url=http://keralaculture.org/thiruvananthapuram-zoo/542 |website=Kerala Culture |publisher=Department of Cultural Affairs, Government of Kerala |access-date=22 January 2018 |archive-date=23 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072557/http://keralaculture.org/thiruvananthapuram-zoo/542 |url-status=dead |archivedate=23 January 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072557/http://keralaculture.org/thiruvananthapuram-zoo/542 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চহৰখনৰ অন্যান্য স্থাপত্য কীৰ্তিচিহ্নসমূহৰ ভিতৰত [[কুথিৰา মালিকা|কুথিৰา মালিকা ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ]], [[কৌডিয়াৰ ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ]], [[আত্তুকাল ভগৱতী মন্দিৰ]], [[বীমাপল্লী|বীমাপল্লী মছজিদ]], [[কন্নমাৰা বজাৰ]], আৰু মেটাৰ মেম’ৰিয়েল চাৰ্চ অন্যতম। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম প্ৰখ্যাত স্থপতি [[লৰী বেকাৰ]]ৰ স্থাপত্যশৈলীৰ প্ৰধান কেন্দ্ৰ আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=A film on the life and work of Laurie Baker |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/film-life-work-laurie-baker/ |website=Architectural Digest |date=26 January 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref> [[File:Attukal pongala1.JPG|thumb|[[আত্তুকাল পংগালা]] উৎসৱত সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বৰ ভিতৰতে আটাইতকৈ বেছি মহিলাৰ সমাৱেশ ঘটে]] প্ৰধান উৎসৱ [[ওনাম]], [[বিষু]], [[দীপাৱলী]], আৰু [[নৱৰাত্ৰী]]ৰ লগতে খ্ৰীষ্টান আৰু ইছলাম ধৰ্মীয় উৎসৱ যেনে— [[বৰদিন]], [[ঈদুল ফিতৰ]], বক্ৰীদ আৰু মিলাদ-উন-নবীৰ সমান্তৰালভাৱে চহৰখনৰ বিভিন্ন জাতি-জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে কেইবাটাও স্থানীয় উৎসৱো উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত [[আত্তুকাল পোংগল]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Aswin J |title=Review meeting of arrangements for Attukal pongala held |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/review-meeting-of-arrangements-for-attukal-pongala-held/articleshow/62543741.cms |access-date=22 January 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=17 January 2018}}</ref> [[বীমাপল্লী|বীমাপল্লী উৰুছ]],<ref>{{cite news |title=All set for beemapally uroos |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/feb/20/all-set-for-beemapally-uroos-1572772.html |access-date=22 January 2018 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=20 February 2017}}</ref> ভেট্টুকাঁড় গীৰ্জা উৎসৱ,<ref>{{cite news |title=Vettucaud church festival from Friday |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/vettucaud-church-festival-from-friday/article7863783.ece |access-date=22 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 November 2015}}</ref> পদ্মনাভস্বামী মন্দিৰৰ [[আৰাট্টু]] আৰু লক্ষদ্বীপা উৎসৱ অন্যতম।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ajai Prasanna |first1=Laxmi |title=Sree Padmanabha Swamy temple fest begins |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/Sree-Padmanabha-Swamy-temple-fest-begins/articleshow/26096472.cms |access-date=22 January 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 November 2013}}</ref> অনাম উৎসৱৰ সময়ত ৰাজ্য চৰকাৰে চহৰখনত এসপ্তাহ ধৰি বিভিন্ন সাংস্কৃতিক কাৰ্যসূচী ৰূপায়িত কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Onam celebration from Sept.12 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/Onam-celebration-from-Sept.12/article14620306.ece |access-date=22 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=22 September 2016}}</ref> আত্তুকাল পোংগল উৎসৱে সমগ্ৰ ভাৰত তথা বিদেশৰ লাখ লাখ মহিলা ভক্তক আকৰ্ষিত কৰে। এইটো বিশ্বৰ ভিতৰতে সৰ্ববৃহৎ মহিলা সমাৱেশ উৎসৱ।<ref name="atkp1">{{cite web |title=Largest gathering of women |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-annual-gathering-of-women/ |website=Guinness World Records |access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="atkp2">{{cite news |last1=Mary Koshy |first1=Sneha |last2=Fernandes |first2=Janaki |title=In Kerala, a festival that marks the world's largest gathering of women |url=https://www.ndtv.com/south/in-kerala-a-festival-that-marks-the-worlds-largest-gathering-of-women-514543 |access-date=22 January 2018 |date=26 February 2013}}</ref> জাৰ্মানীৰ গ্যোটে-জেণ্ট্ৰাম (Goethe-Zentrum), ফ্ৰান্সৰ এলায়েন্স ফ্ৰাঞ্চাইছ (Alliance Française) আৰু ৰাছিয়াৰ গৰ্কী ভৱন কেন্দ্ৰই গোটেই বছৰজুৰি বিভিন্ন কাৰ্যসূচী তথা অনুষ্ঠানৰ আয়োজন কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=FILCA int'l film fest from Friday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/filca-intl-film-fest-from-friday/articleshow/61730445.cms |access-date=29 November 2017 |newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Twice the fun |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/french-bands-colt-silvers-and-last-train-come-to-town/article21076113.ece |access-date=29 November 2017 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Water Princess' to bring awareness on water conservation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/nov/26/water-princess-to-bring-awareness-on-water-conservation-1711822.html |access-date=22 January 2018 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=26 November 2017}}</ref> === ফেশ্বন === বয়ন শিল্পৰ পৰম্পৰাৰ সৈতে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ এক দীৰ্ঘদিনীয়া সম্পৰ্ক আছে। বিশেষকৈ [[বালাৰামাপুৰম হস্ততাঁত]] উদ্যোগৰ বাবে চহৰখন বিখ্যাত। কাছাভু (সোণালী জৰীৰ পাৰি) থকা কপাহী কাপোৰৰ বাবে পৰিচিত এই অঞ্চলটোৰ বয়ন পদ্ধতি অষ্টাদশ শতিকাৰপৰা বৰ্তমানলৈকে অপৰিৱৰ্তিত হৈ আছে।<ref>{{cite news |last=Nair |first=N.J. |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/08/stories/2004090814080300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041018085424/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/08/stories/2004090814080300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-10-18 |title=Balaramapuram handlooms set for comeback |access-date=2006-08-19 |location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=8 September 2004 |archivedate=2004-10-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041018085424/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/08/stories/2004090814080300.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> এই হাতেৰে বোৱা কাপোৰসমূহ পৰম্পৰাগত সাজ-পোছাকৰ লগতে আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰদৰ্শনীকে ধৰি সমসাময়িক ফেশ্বন সংগ্ৰহসমূহৰ এক অন্যতম আকৰ্ষণ হৈ আহিছে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ihttkerala.org/history.html |title=History of Handlooms |publisher=Institute of Handloom and Textile Technology |access-date=2006-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715044415/http://ihttkerala.org/history.html |archive-date=15 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2006-07-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060715044415/http://ihttkerala.org/history.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> আধুনিক ফেশ্বনৰ ক্ষেত্ৰতো চহৰখনে বিশেষ স্থান দখল কৰিছে। চহৰখনত থকা লুলু মল আৰু মল অৱ ট্ৰাভাংকোৰৰ দৰে বজাৰ সমলয় বা শ্বপিং মলে দেশী-বিদেশী বহু জনপ্ৰিয় পোছাক ব্ৰেণ্ডক স্থান দিছে। ই চহৰখনৰ পোছাক আৰু জীৱন-শৈলীত সাম্প্ৰতিক গোলকীয় প্ৰৱণতাৰ প্ৰতিফলন ঘটাইছে। === আয়ুৰ্বেদ === কেৰেলাত আয়ুৰ্বেদৰ বিকাশ আৰু পৃষ্ঠপোষকতাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আৰু পূৰ্বৰ ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ (থিৰুভিথামকুৰ) ৰাজ্যই এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল। ট্ৰাভাংকোৰৰ শাসকসকলে সংস্কৃত পাণ্ডিত্য, মন্দিৰ-কেন্দ্ৰিক চিকিৎসা পৰম্পৰা, আয়ুৰ্বেদ কলেজ আৰু বংশানুক্ৰমিক চিকিৎসক পৰিয়ালসমূহলৈ সমৰ্থন আগবঢ়াইছিল। ই ধ্ৰুপদী কেৰেলা আয়ুৰ্বেদৰ সংৰক্ষণত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অৱদান যোগাইছিল। কেৰেলাৰ অষ্টবৈদ্য ঐতিহ্যৰ সৈতে জড়িত পৰম্পৰাগত আয়ুৰ্বেদিক বংশসমূহৰ ভিতৰত বৰ্তমানৰ মালাপ্পুৰম জিলাৰ পুলামানথোল মুছ পৰিয়াল অন্যতম। এই পৰিয়ালটো [[অষ্টবৈদ্য]] পৰম্পৰাৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। এইটো হৈছে আয়ুৰ্বেদৰ আটাইকেইটা আঠটা শাখাতে পাৰদৰ্শিতাৰ বাবে প্ৰসিদ্ধ চিকিৎসক পৰিয়ালৰ এটা বংশানুক্ৰমিক গোট। ঐতিহাসিক পৰম্পৰা আৰু আঞ্চলিক বিৱৰণ অনুসৰি, দেশীয় ৰাজ্যৰ সময়ছোৱাত পুলামানথোল মুছ বংশৰ চিকিৎসকসকলে পৰামৰ্শ আৰু চিকিৎসা পদ্ধতিৰ জৰিয়তে ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ ৰাজপৰিয়াল আৰু অভিজাত শ্ৰেণীৰ সদস্যসকলৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্ক বজায় ৰাখিছিল। ট্ৰাভাংকোৰৰ শাসকসকলৰ অধীনত আয়ুৰ্বেদৰ প্ৰতি থকা ব্যাপক ৰাজকীয় পৃষ্ঠপোষকতাই কেৰেলাৰ কেইবাটাও পৰম্পৰাগত চিকিৎসক পৰিয়ালৰ প্ৰতিপত্তি বৃদ্ধিত অৱদান যোগাইছিল। পুলামানথোল মুছ পৰম্পৰাটো বাগভটৰদ্বাৰা ৰচিত আয়ুৰ্বেদৰ অন্যতম মূল গ্ৰন্থ 'অষ্টাংগ হৃদয়ম'ৰ অধ্যয়ন আৰু ক্লিনিকেল প্ৰয়োগৰ সৈতে জড়িত। আঞ্চলিক পৰম্পৰাসমূহে পুলামানথোল অঞ্চলটোক কেৰেলাৰ দীৰ্ঘদিনীয়া আয়ুৰ্বেদিক আৰু সংস্কৃত পাণ্ডিত্যৰ ঐতিহ্যৰ সৈতেও সংযোগ কৰে। এই বংশৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহৰ ভিতৰত পুলামানথোল মুছ আয়ুৰ্বেদ চিকিৎসালয় আৰু ইয়াৰ সৈতে জড়িত চিকিৎসা কেন্দ্ৰসমূহ অন্যতম। এই কেন্দ্ৰসমূহ পঞ্চকৰ্ম, স্নায়ৱিক পুনৰ্সংস্থাপন (neurological rehabilitation), পেশী আৰু হাড়ৰ বিকাৰ (musculoskeletal disorders) আৰু বংশগত ৰোগৰ ব্যৱস্থাপনাত নিয়োজিত হৈ আছে।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pulamantholemoosshospital.com/ |title=Pulamanthole Mooss Ayurveda Hospital |website=Pulamanthole Mooss Ayurveda Hospital}}</ref> এই বংশক প্ৰতিনিধিত্ব কৰা চিকিৎসকসকলৰ ভিতৰত অষ্টবৈদ্যন পুলামানথোল শংকৰণ মুছ, অষ্টবৈদ্যন শ্ৰী ৰমন মুছ, অষ্টবৈদ্যন আৰ্যন নাৰায়ণন মুছ আৰু অষ্টবৈদ্যন জয়শংকৰণ মুছ অন্যতম।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://malappuram.medimall.in/department/view/25 |title=Complete Ayurvedic Unit – Medimall |website=Medimall |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260425003309/https://malappuram.medimall.in/department/view/25 |archivedate=2026-04-25 |access-date=2026-07-30 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> এই পৰম্পৰাটোৱে পুলামানথোলত থকা শ্ৰী ৰুদ্ৰ ধন্বন্তৰী মন্দিৰৰ সৈতে সাংস্কৃতিক আৰু আধ্যাত্মিক সম্পৰ্ক বজায় ৰাখিছে। এই মন্দিৰটো ভগৱান ধন্বন্তৰীৰ প্ৰতি উছৰ্গিত, যাক হিন্দু পৰম্পৰাত আয়ুৰ্বেদ আৰু আৰোগ্যৰ দেৱতা বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। ইয়াত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা 'সৰ্ব ৰোগ শমন পূজা' আদি ধৰ্মীয় ৰীতি-নীতিসমূহ ৰোগৰপৰা পৰিত্ৰাণ পাবলৈ কৰা প্ৰাৰ্থনাৰ সৈতে জড়িত আৰু ইয়াত বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলৰ ভক্তসকলে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। কৰ্ণাটকী সংগীতজ্ঞ চেম্বাই বৈদ্যনাথ ভাগৱতৰ সৈতে থকা সম্পৰ্কৰ বাবে পুলামানথোল মুছ পৰম্পৰাই কেৰেলাৰ সাংস্কৃতিক ইতিহাসত ব্যাপক স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰিছিল। জানিব পৰা মতে, কণ্ঠনলীৰ ৰোগত ভোগাৰ পিছত তেওঁ এই পৰম্পৰাৰ অধীনত আয়ুৰ্বেদিক চিকিৎসা গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। বৰ্তমান সময়ত, পুলামানথোল মুছ বংশৰ সৈতে জড়িত প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহে তেওঁলোকৰ কাৰ্যাৱলী সুলভ কৰিবলৈ দাতব্য স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা আৰু সামাজিক কল্যাণমূলক পদক্ষেপ হাতত লৈছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত অৰ্থনৈতিকভাৱে পিছপৰা শ্ৰেণীৰ বাবে আয়ুৰ্বেদিক চিকিৎসা আৰু সহায়তা সহজলভ্য কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যে আৰম্ভ কৰা 'আয়ুৰ্বেদ থানাল' অন্যতম। == খাদ্যভাস == তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ খাদ্যভাসে ইয়াৰ ঐতিহাসিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক পটভূমিৰদ্বাৰা গঢ়ি উঠা স্থানীয় পৰম্পৰাক প্ৰতিফলিত কৰে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত পূৰ্বৰ ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ ৰাজকীয় পাকঘৰৰ প্ৰভাৱ,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/A-royal-Onam-to-remember/article14630763.ece | title=Onam in the royal household of erstwhile Travancore | work=The Hindu | date=9 September 2016 }}</ref> উপকূলীয় বাণিজ্য আৰু ধৰ্মীয় বৈচিত্ৰ্য অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। চহৰখনৰ খাদ্য-সংস্কৃতিত বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ নিৰামিষ আৰু আমিষ ব্যঞ্জন পোৱা যায়। বেছিভাগ আহাৰতে ভাত, নাৰিকল আৰু মচলা প্ৰধান উপাদান। * '''[[ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম সাধ্যা]]''': কলপাতত পৰিৱেশন কৰা এক পৰম্পৰাগত নিৰামিষ আহাৰ। বিশেষকৈ [[অনাম]] আৰু [[বিষু]] উৎসৱৰ সময়ত ই অপৰিহাৰ্য। ইয়াত সাধাৰণতে ''[[সাম্বাৰ]]'', কালান, ''[[অভিয়াল]]'', ওলান, ''[[পাচাদী]]'' আৰু বিভিন্ন ধৰণৰ ''[[পায়সম]]'' তথা বোলী অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত থাকে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Sadya Trip: Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2022/Sep/03/sadya-trip-thiruvananthapuram-to-kasaragod-2494227.html |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 September 2022 |access-date=2025-06-15}}</ref> * '''[[ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম বোলী]]''': ইয়াক পূৰণ পোলী বুলিও জনা যায়। দালি আৰু ময়দাৰে তৈয়াৰী এইখন এবিধ পৰম্পৰাগত মিঠা খাদ্য। প্ৰায়ে ইয়াক পায়সমৰ দৰে ডেজাৰ্টৰ সৈতে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়। * '''কেথেল চিকেন ফ্ৰাই''': ১৯৪০ চনৰেপৰা প্ৰচলিত এইবিধ এক বিশেষভাৱে ভজা কুকুৰা মাংসৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ইয়াক সৰু চিলনীয়া চাপাতী আৰু পিঁয়াজৰ চালাডৰ সৈতে পৰিৱেশন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news |title=The next fried chicken craze |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220803-the-next-fried-chicken-craze |newspaper=BBC Travel |access-date=2025-06-15}}</ref> * '''ভিঝিনজাম চিকেন ফ্ৰাই''': চহৰখনৰ ভিঝিনজাম অঞ্চলৰ এবিধ বিখ্যাত কুকুৰা মাংসৰ ব্যঞ্জন। থলুৱা মচলা আৰু বিশেষ ৰন্ধন শৈলী ইয়াৰ মূল বৈশিষ্ট্য।<ref>{{cite news |title=Vizhinjam in Thiruvananthapuram is seafood hub |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/vizhinjam-in-thiruvananthapuram-is-seafood-hub/article66327846.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=1 December 2022 |access-date=2025-06-15}}</ref> * '''ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ বিৰিয়ানী''': এইবিধ ভাত-ভিত্তিক এক সোৱাদযুক্ত ব্যঞ্জন। ইয়াত মোগলাই ৰন্ধনশৈলীৰ সৈতে আঞ্চলিক উপাদানসমূহৰ সংমিশ্ৰণ ঘটোৱা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Watch: How is the long-grained Travancore Biryani prepared? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/watch-how-is-the-long-grained-travancore-biryani-prepared/article67079750.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |date=10 July 2023 |access-date=2025-06-15}}</ref> * '''ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ প্ৰণছ কাৰী''': এইবিধ কোমল আৰু সন্তুলিত সোৱাদৰ এক মিছামাছৰ ব্যঞ্জন। ইয়াত নাৰিকলৰ গাখীৰ, [[তেতেলী]], জালুক আৰু নৰসিংহ পাত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। ই অন্যান্য সাগৰীয় মাছৰ আঞ্জাতকৈ কম জ্বলা হয়। থলুৱা সতেজ উপাদানে ইয়াক এক সুকীয়া সোৱাদ প্ৰদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite video |title=Poovar Shipyard Trivandrum |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwngbhzb8_E |website=YouTube |publisher=Poovar Official |date=15 June 2025 |access-date=19 June 2025}}</ref> * '''ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমৰ শিমলু আলুৰ ব্যঞ্জন''': ট্ৰাভাংকোৰৰ মহাৰাজ আইল্যম তিৰুনাল ৰামা বাৰ্মাৰ শাসনকালত (১৮৬০–১৮৮০) ভাৰতৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত শিমলু আলুৰ প্ৰচলন কৰা হৈছিল। খাদ্য সংকট দূৰ কৰিবলৈ আৰু কৃষিখণ্ড মজপুত কৰিবলৈ তেওঁ এই পদক্ষেপ লৈছিল। ইয়াৰপৰা তৈয়াৰী জনপ্ৰিয় ব্যঞ্জনসমূহৰ ভিতৰত কাপ্পা পুঝুক্কু, কাপ্পা বেভিচাথু, কাপ্পা মীন কাৰী, কাপ্পা ইৰাচী (কাপ্পা বিৰিয়ানী), কাপ্পা উলৰ্থীয়াথু, চেন্দা কাপ্পা, উলী চামমাণ্টীৰ সৈতে কাপ্পা আৰু শিমলু আলুৰ চিপচ অন্যতম।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/how-tapioca-came-to-travancore/article28181288.ece | title=How tapioca came to Travancore | work=The Hindu | date=27 June 2019 | last1=Nagarajan | first1=Saraswathy }}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ বাটৰ কাষৰ খাদ্য বা ষ্ট্ৰীট ফুডৰ ভিতৰত মাছৰ আঞ্জাৰ সৈতে কাপ্পা (শিমলু আলু), পৰিপ্পু ৱাডা, কলৰ চিপচ আৰু উন্নিয়াপ্পম অন্যতম। চহৰখনত সৰু সৰু ভোজনালয় আৰু বাটৰ কাষৰ বিক্ৰেতাৰ বহুল প্ৰচলন আছে। ইয়াৰ মানুহৰ সাধাৰণ খাদ্য হ’ল [[কেৰেলাৰ ৰন্ধনশৈলী|কেৰেলাৰ পৰম্পৰাগত ৰন্ধনশৈলী]]। ইয়াত প্ৰচুৰ পৰিমাণে নাৰিকল আৰু মচলা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। অন্যান্য [[দক্ষিণ ভাৰতীয় সংস্কৃতি#খাদ্য|দক্ষিণ ভাৰতীয়]] ব্যঞ্জনৰ লগতে [[চীনা ৰন্ধনশৈলী|চীনা]] আৰু [[ভাৰতীয় ৰন্ধনশৈলী|উত্তৰ ভাৰতীয়]] খাদ্যও ইয়াত অতি জনপ্ৰিয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=UR |first1=Arya |title=Authentic Kerala cuisine and ayurvedic massage bowl over Ind and NZ teams |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/authentic-kerala-cuisine-and-ayurvedic-massage-bowl-over-ind-and-nz-teams/articleshow/61532997.cms |access-date=22 January 2018 |work=The Times of India |date=7 November 2017}}</ref> বৰ্তমান তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত আৰৱীয়, ইটালীয়, থাই আৰু মেক্সিকান খাদ্য উপলব্ধ থকা বহুতো ৰেষ্টুৰেণ্ট আছে।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stott |first1=David |title=Kerala Footprint Focus Guide |date=10 April 2014 |publisher=Footprint Travel Guides |isbn=9781909268791 |pages=41–43 |edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sahadevan |first1=Sajini |title=Meals on wheels |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/meals-on-wheels/article18790841.ece |access-date=22 January 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=8 June 2017}}</ref> == স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা == কেৰেলাৰ ৰাজধানী চহৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ স্বাস্থ্যসেৱা ব্যৱস্থা অতি সুদৃঢ়। চহৰখনৰ চৰকাৰী আৰু বেচৰকাৰী উভয় চিকিৎসা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানেই ব্যাপক সেৱা আগবঢ়ায়। ভাৰতৰ অন্যতম পুৰণি চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় 'চৰকাৰী চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়' (Government Medical College) চিকিৎসা শিক্ষা আৰু স্বাস্থ্যসেৱাৰ এক প্ৰধান কেন্দ্ৰ। [[শ্ৰী চিত্ৰ তিৰুনাল চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (SCTIMST) হৃদৰোগ বিজ্ঞান (cardiology), স্নায়ুবিজ্ঞান (neurology) আৰু জৈৱ-চিকিৎসা গৱেষণাৰ (biomedical research) বাবে এক সুপৰিচিত প্ৰতিষ্ঠান। চহৰখনৰ অন্যান্য গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ চিকিৎসা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহৰ ভিতৰত উন্নত জৈৱ-প্ৰযুক্তি গৱেষণাৰ কেন্দ্ৰ [[ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী জৈৱ-প্ৰযুক্তি কেন্দ্ৰ]] (RGCB) আৰু মাল্টি-স্পেচিয়েলিটি সেৱাৰ বাবে পৰিচিত [[কেৰেলা চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kimshealth.org/trivandrum/ | title=Best Multi-Specialty Hospital in Trivandrum, Kerala | KIMSHEALTH | KIMS Hospital|website=Kimshealth.org }}</ref> (KIMS) অন্যতম। এন.আই.এম.এছ. (NIMS) হাস্পতাল,<ref>{{Cite web | title=NOORUL ISLAM COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES | url=https://nicollegeofdentalscience.com/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | website=Nicollegeofdentalscience.com}}</ref> এষ্টাৰ কেপিটেল আৰু লৰ্ডছ হাস্পতালে<ref>{{Cite web | title=Lords Hospital | url=https://lordshospital.org/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313221818/http://www.lordshospital.org/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | archive-date=13 March 2008 | url-status=live | archivedate=2008-03-13 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313221818/http://www.lordshospital.org/ | deadurl=yes }}</ref> হৃদৰোগ, কৰ্কট ৰোগ (oncology) আৰু অস্থিৰোগ (orthopedics) সহ বিভিন্ন বিভাগত উন্নত চিকিৎসা প্ৰদান কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি চহৰখনত পৰম্পৰাগত নিৰাময় পদ্ধতি আগবঢ়োৱা বহুতো আয়ুৰ্বেদিক চিকিৎসা কেন্দ্ৰ আছে। চহৰখনত উপশমকাৰী চিকিৎসা সেৱাৰো (palliative care) ব্যৱস্থা আছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত থকা 'অৰিকে হোম ডে-কেয়াৰ প্ৰগ্ৰেম'ৰ দৰে পদক্ষেপে ঘৰতে ৰোগীসকলক অন্তিম সময়ৰ শুশ্ৰূষা আগবঢ়ায়। {{cn|date=June 2026}} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="font-size:95%; width:80%; " |+ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়সমূহ |- ! নাম!! প্ৰকাৰ!! প্ৰতিষ্ঠা বৰ্ষ |- | [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চৰকাৰী চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়]] || চৰকাৰী<ref>{{Cite web | title=Thiruvananthapuram Medical College, Govt. of Kerala | url=https://tmc.kerala.gov.in/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111004135803/http://www.tmc.kerala.gov.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | archive-date=4 October 2011 | url-status=live }}</ref> || ১৯৫১ |- | চৰকাৰী হোমিঅ’পেথিক চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়, ইৰানিমুত্তম || চৰকাৰী<ref>{{cite web | url=https://svhmctvm.in// | title=Home|website=Svhmctvm.in }}</ref> || ১৯৮৩ |- | চৰকাৰী আয়ুৰ্বেদিক চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়, এম.জি. ৰোড || চৰকাৰী <ref>[https://gactvm.kerala.gov.in/] {{Dead link | date=May 2025 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>|| ১৮৮৯ |- | পংকজাকস্তুৰী আয়ুৰ্বেদিক চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়, কিল্লি, কাট্টাক্কাদা || বেচৰকাৰী <ref>{{Cite web | title=Pankajakasthuri Ayurveda Medical College | url=https://www.pkamc.ac.in/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406065709/http://www.pkamc.ac.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | archive-date=6 April 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>|| ২০০২ |- |- | ড° সোমাৰভেল মেম’ৰিয়েল চি.এছ.আই. চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় হাস্পতাল, কাৰাক্কোনাম, পাৰাছালা || বেচৰকাৰী<ref>{{Cite web | title=Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College & Hospital | url=https://www.smcsimch.ac.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | website=Smcsimch.ac.in}}</ref> || ২০০৩ |- | ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম দন্ত চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়, চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় চৌহদ || চৰকাৰী<ref>{{Cite web | title=Govt. Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram | url=https://www.gdctvm.org/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | website=Gdctvm.org}}</ref> || ২০০৪ |- | গোকুলম চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়, ভেঞ্জাৰাম্মুডু || বেচৰকাৰী<ref>{{Cite web | title=Sree Gokulam Medical College | url=https://sgmc.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | website=sgmc.in}}</ref> || ২০০৩ |- | শান্তিগিৰি সিদ্ধ চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়, পোথেনকোড || বেচৰকাৰী<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ssmc.ac.in/santhigiri/ | title=Santhigiri Siddha Medical College – Siddha Hospital | access-date=2026-07-30 | archivedate=2025-06-18 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250618183106/https://ssmc.ac.in/santhigiri/ | deadurl=yes }}</ref> || ২০০active |} ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমৰ অন্যান্য প্ৰধান হাস্পতালসমূহৰ ভিতৰত কেৰেলা ইনষ্টিটিউট অৱ মেডিকেল ছায়েন্স (KIMS), অনন্তপুৰী হাস্পতাল এণ্ড ৰিচাৰ্চ ইনষ্টিটিউট (AHRI),<ref>{{Cite web | title=* * * * * Welcome to Ananthapuri Hospital Project * * * * * | url=https://www.ananthapurihospitals.com/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125034932/http://www.ananthapurihospitals.com/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | archive-date=25 November 2005 | url-status=live }}</ref> এছ.পি. ফ’ৰ্ট হাস্পতাল,<ref>{{Cite web | title=SP Fort Hospital :: Home | url=https://www.spfort.com/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012023753/http://www.spfort.com/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | archive-date=12 October 2007 | url-status=live }}</ref> এষ্টাৰ কেপিটেল,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.asterhospitals.in/blogs-events-news/aster-open-550-bed-super-specialty-hospital-keralas-capital-trivandrum | title=Aster to open a 550-bed super-specialty hospital in Kerala's Capital, Trivandrum |website=Asterhospitals.in }}</ref> ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চিকিৎসা কেন্দ্ৰ,<ref>{{Cite web| title=Trivandrum international medical centre | url=https://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormB/EC/FORM_1/09112016FJ0Q2A1WAnnexure_documentofForm1.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250330184830/https://environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormB/EC/FORM_1/09112016FJ0Q2A1WAnnexure_documentofForm1.pdf | archive-date=2025-03-30}}</ref> পি.আৰ.এছ. (PRS) হাস্পতাল,<ref>{{Cite web | title=BEST HOSPITAL TRIVANDRUM IN CARDIOLOGY IVF INFERTILITY GYNECOLOGY EXECUTIVE CHECKUP. | url=https://www.prshospital.com/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | website=Prshospital.com}}</ref> এন.আই.এম.এছ. (NIMS) আৰু ভাৰতীয় মধুমেহ প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (Indian Institute of Diabetes) অন্যতম।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iidkerala.org/|title=Institute of Diabetes|website=Iidkerala.org|access-date=8 June 2026}}</ref> == যাতায়াত == {{Multiple images | align = right | direction = vertical | image1 = Tvpmroad.jpg | caption1 = কৌডিয়াৰ পথ; ইয়াক ৰাজকীয় পথ বা "ৰাজা বীথি" বুলিও জনা যায়, কাৰণ এই পথটো কৌডিয়াৰ ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদলৈ গৈছে | image2 = Road transport in Trivandrum.jpg | caption2 = চহৰখনৰ আন এখন পথৰ দৃশ্য }} [[File:Thiruvananthapuram International Airport Terminal 2.jpg|left|thumb|362x362px|[[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ]]]] === ৰাজহুৱা পৰিবহণ === [[File:Double Decker bus in Trivandrum.jpg|thumb|left|চহৰখনত থকা [[केৰেলা ৰাজ্যিক পথ পৰিবহণ নিগম|কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যিক পথ পৰিবহণ নিগম (KSRTC)]]ৰ এখন দুমহলীয়া বাছ]] চহৰখনৰ বেছিভাগ বাছ সেৱা চৰকাৰী সংস্থাৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত হয়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি কিছুমান ব্যক্তিগত অপাৰেটৰো আছে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Private bus strike shows signs of failure |url=http://kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=103647 |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=Kerala Kaumudi |issue=19 February 2018 |archive-date=3 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303154453/http://kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=103647 |url-status=dead |archivedate=3 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303154453/http://kaumudiglobal.com/innerpage1.php?newsid=103647 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যিক পথ পৰিবহণ নিগম]] (KSRTC) ৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত চিটি বাছসমূহ চহৰখনৰ ৰাজহুৱা পৰিবহণৰ এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আৰু নিৰ্ভৰযোগ্য মাধ্যম। চহৰখনৰ প্ৰধান বাছ আস্থানসমূহ হৈছে [[থাম্পানুৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় বাছ আস্থান|থাম্পানুৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় বাছ আস্থান]] আৰু ইষ্ট ফ’ৰ্টৰ (East Fort) চিটি বাছ আস্থান। থাম্পানুৰৰপৰা বেছিভাগ দূৰদূৰণিৰ বাছ চলাচল কৰে আৰু ইষ্ট ফ’ৰ্টৰপৰা চহৰৰ ভিতৰুৱা বাছসমূহ চলাচল কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |last1=S |first1=Anasooya |title=Thampanoor station is now a role model |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/thampanoor-station-is-now-a-role-model/articleshow/61540168.cms |access-date=3 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=7 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Radhakrishnan |first1=S.Anil |title=New bus shelter for East Fort |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/New-bus-shelter-for-East-Fort/article14000787.ece |access-date=3 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 September 2016}}</ref> তিনিচকীয়া হালধীয়া-কলা ৰঙৰ [[অট’ৰিক্সা]] আৰু টেক্সীসমূহ চহৰখনৰ আন এবিধ জনপ্ৰিয় ৰাজহুৱা পৰিবহণ ব্যৱস্থা।<ref>{{cite news |title=Pre-paid auto drivers oppose fee for parking |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/pre-paid-auto-drivers-oppose-fee-for-parking/article19290497.ece |access-date=3 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=17 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=App-based taxi service at rly station from tomorrow |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/app-based-taxi-service-at-rly-station-from-tomorrow/articleshow/62013228.cms |access-date=3 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=10 December 2017}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম মেট্ৰ’ হৈছে এক সম্পূৰ্ণ উৰ্ধগামী (fully elevated) [[মধ্যম ক্ষমতাৰ ৰেল ব্যৱস্থা|মেট্ৰ’ ৰেল]] – দ্ৰুত পৰিবহণ ব্যৱস্থা (rapid transit system)। চহৰখনৰ যান-জঁটৰ সমস্যা হ্ৰাস কৰিবলৈ এই ব্যৱস্থাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="tvmroad"/><ref name="tvmmetro">{{cite web |title=Trivandrum Metro Features |url=http://krtl.in/trivandrum.html |website=Kerala Rapid Transit Corporation Limited |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=13 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213183927/http://krtl.in/trivandrum.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=13 February 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213183927/http://krtl.in/trivandrum.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==== মেট্ৰ’ ৰেল ==== [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম মেট্ৰ’]] হৈছে এখন প্ৰস্তাৱিত ৪২.১ কিলোমিটাৰ দীঘল পৰম্পৰাগত মেট্ৰ’ ৰেল ব্যৱস্থা। ইয়াত ৩৭টা মেট্ৰ’ ষ্টেচন থাকিব। ইয়াৰ দুটা প্ৰধান লাইনে কাজাকুট্টম আৰু কাৰামানাৰ দৰে গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ কেন্দ্ৰসমূহক সংযোগ কৰিব। ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান জনসংখ্যাৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিবলৈ ২০০০ চনৰ আৰম্ভণিতে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম মেট্ৰ’ৰ ধাৰণা প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰা হৈছিল। ২০২৫ চনত মেট্ৰ’ৰ পথ (alignment) পৰীক্ষা আৰু চূড়ান্ত কৰিবলৈ মুখ্য সচিবৰ নেতৃত্বত এখন উচ্চ পৰ্যায়ৰ সমিতি গঠন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2025-06-12 |title=Panel to finalise alignment of Thiruvananthapuram metro project |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2025/Jun/12/panel-to-finalise-alignment-of-thiruvananthapuram-metro-project |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> বৰ্তমান বিবেচনাধীন থকা তিনিটা প্ৰধান পথ হৈছে: {{cn|date=June 2026}} * কাজাকুট্টমৰপৰা পাপ্পানামকোড * কাজাকুট্টমৰপৰা কিল্লিপালম * পালায়ামৰপৰা চিভিল ষ্টেচন এই পথ পৰিকল্পনাত ভূ-গৰ্ভস্থ (underground) আৰু উৰ্ধগামী (elevated) দুয়োটা অংশই অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে। {{cn|date=June 2026}} [[File:Tvm Metro.png|thumb|প্ৰস্তাৱিত ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম মেট্ৰ’ৰ পথ নিৰ্দেশক মানচিত্ৰ]] === পথ পৰিবহণ === তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ [[পথ পৰিবহণ]] আন্তঃগাঁথনি অতি উন্নত।<ref name="tvmroad">{{cite news |last1=K |first1=Krishnachand |title=New metro policy to affect Kazhakoootam-Kesavadasapuram stretch |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/aug/21/new-metro-policy-to-affect-kazhakoootam-kesavadasapuram-stretch-1646324--1.html |access-date=3 March 2018 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=22 August 2017 |archive-date=5 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305063832/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/aug/21/new-metro-policy-to-affect-kazhakoootam-kesavadasapuram-stretch-1646324--1.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=5 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305063832/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/aug/21/new-metro-policy-to-affect-kazhakoootam-kesavadasapuram-stretch-1646324--1.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চহৰখনৰ পথসমূহ 'তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ৰোডছ ডেভেলপমেণ্ট কোম্পানী লিমিটেড' (TRDCL) আৰু [[কেৰেলা গড়কপ্তানি বিভাগ]] (Kerala PWD) এ চোৱা-চিতা কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Mr Minister, prove charges or retract statement: TRDCL |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/mr-minister-prove-charges-or-retract-statement-trdcl/articleshow/60930916.cms |access-date=3 March 2018 |date=4 October 2017}}</ref> টি.আৰ.ডি.চি.এল. এ চহৰখনৰ ৪২ কিলোমিটাৰ পথ পৰিচালনা কৰে। এই পথসমূহ 'তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চিটি ৰোডছ ইম্প্ৰুভমেণ্ট প্ৰজেক্ট' (TRCIP) ৰ অধীনলৈ আহে। এইটো ভাৰতৰ ভিতৰতে প্ৰথমটো নগৰীয়া পথ প্ৰকল্প।<ref name=trcip/><ref>{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram City Road Improvement |url=https://www.ilfsindia.com/our-work/transportation/thiruvananthapuram-city-road-improvement/ |website=IL&FS |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=3 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303183626/https://www.ilfsindia.com/our-work/transportation/thiruvananthapuram-city-road-improvement/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=3 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303183626/https://www.ilfsindia.com/our-work/transportation/thiruvananthapuram-city-road-improvement/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> টি.আৰ.চি.আই.পি. হৈছে এক [[ৰাজহুৱা-ব্যক্তিগত অংশীদাৰিত্ব|ৰাজহুৱা-ব্যক্তিগত অংশীদাৰিত্ব]] (PPP) প্ৰকল্প। দ্ৰুত নগৰীকৰণৰ প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা পূৰণ কৰিবলৈ চহৰখনৰ বৰ্তমানৰ পথ নেটৱৰ্ক উন্নত আৰু সংৰক্ষণ কৰিবলৈ এই পদক্ষেপ লোৱা হৈছে।<ref name=trcip>{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram City Road Improvement Project to tackle congestion |url=http://www.worldhighways.com/sections/irf/features/thiruvananthapuram-city-road-improvement-project-to-tackle-congestion/ |website=World Highways |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=20 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920160302/http://www.worldhighways.com/sections/irf/features/thiruvananthapuram-city-road-improvement-project-to-tackle-congestion/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=20 September 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920160302/http://www.worldhighways.com/sections/irf/features/thiruvananthapuram-city-road-improvement-project-to-tackle-congestion/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> টি.আৰ.চি.আই.পি. এ ২০১৫ চনত 'ইণ্টাৰনেচনেল ৰোড ফেডাৰেচন'ৰ 'গ্লোবেল ৰোড এচিভমেণ্ট এৱাৰ্ড' লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name="roadaward">{{cite web |title=2015 Global Road Achievement Awards Book of Winning Projects |url=https://www.ilfsindia.com/media/1341/trdcl_award.pdf |website=IL&FS |access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি [[কৰ্মসংস্থাপন|ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ই এই প্ৰকল্পক এক অনুকৰণীয় ৰাজহুৱা-ব্যক্তিগত অংশীদাৰিত্বৰ আৰ্হি হিচাপে বাছনি কৰিছে।<ref name="unroad">{{cite news |title=United Nations finds Kerala's road is a model |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/160516/united-nations-finds-kerala-s-road-is-a-model.html |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=The Deccan Chronicle |date=16 May 2016}}</ref> ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ 'এজেণ্ডা ২০৩০' ৰ বহনক্ষম উন্নয়ন লক্ষ্যসমূহ (SDGs) পূৰণ কৰা সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বৰ ১২টা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰকল্পৰ ভিতৰত এইটো অন্যতম আছিল।<ref name="unroad1">{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram City Road Improvement Project – The UN Recognition for achieving sustainable development goals |url=http://www.itnlinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/TCRIP-AT-UNECE-GENEVA-n.pdf |website=ITNL International |publisher=TCRIP |access-date=3 March 2018 |archive-date=5 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305063343/http://www.itnlinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/TCRIP-AT-UNECE-GENEVA-n.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=5 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180305063343/http://www.itnlinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/TCRIP-AT-UNECE-GENEVA-n.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="unroad2">{{cite web |title=Case 25 India Road Sector Thiruvananthapuram City Improvement |url=https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/ceci/documents/2016/PPP/Forum_PPP-SDGs/Presentations/Case_25_India_Thiruvananthapuram_City_Improvement.pdf |website=UNECE |publisher=United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম গোলকীয় বহনক্ষমতা বঁটা লাভ কৰা ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথমখন চহৰ হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হয়।<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thiruvananthapuram is India's first city to win global sustainability award: Key success factors |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/travel-news/thiruvananthapuram-is-indias-first-city-to-win-global-sustainability-award-key-success-factors/articleshow/114971969.cms |access-date=2025-02-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> ভাৰতৰ [[ভাৰতৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঘাইপথসমূহ|ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঘাইপথ ব্যৱস্থা]]ৰ [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঘাইপথ ৬৬ (ভাৰত)|ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঘাইপথ ৬৬]] এ চহৰখনক সংযোগ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Radhakrishnan |first1=S. Anil |title=Soil testing for Kazhakuttam flyover begins |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/soil-testing-for-kazhakuttam-flyover-begins/article19360441.ece |access-date=3 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=26 July 2017}}</ref> এই চহৰখন আৰালভাইমোজী নামৰ স্থানত ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ঘাইপথ নেটৱৰ্কৰ উত্তৰ-দক্ষিণ কৰিড’ৰৰ সৈতে সংযোগ হৈছে। এই ঠাইটুকুৰা চহৰখনৰপৰা ৮০ কিলোমিটাৰ দক্ষিণে অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{Cite map |date=3 March 2018 |title=Trivandrum to Aralvaimozhi |map=Trivandrum to Aralvaimozhi distance |map-url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/directions?engine=osrm_car&route=8.2652%2C77.5580%3B8.4826%2C76.9613#map=11/8.3059/77.3438 |work=OpenStreetMap |access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref> সাধাৰণতে 'মেইন চেণ্ট্ৰেল ৰোড' বুলি জনাজাত [[ৰাজ্যিক ঘাইপথ ১ (কেৰেলা)|ৰাজ্যিক ঘাইপথ ১]] হৈছে চহৰখনৰ এক প্ৰধান ধমনীসদৃশ ঘাইপথ (arterial highway)। চহৰখনৰ আন আন প্ৰধান ঘাইপথসমূহ হৈছে [[ৰাজ্যিক ঘাইপথ ২ (কেৰেলা)|ৰাজ্যিক ঘাইপথ ২]] আৰু [[ৰাজ্যিক ঘাইপথ ৪৫ (কেৰেলা)|ৰাজ্যিক ঘাইপথ ৪৫]]।<ref name="stateroads">{{cite web |title=State Highways in Kerala |url=http://keralapwd.gov.in/intranet/compRepository/mediagallery/PWD/sro161.pdf |website=Kerala Public Works Department |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=20 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020170455/http://keralapwd.gov.in/intranet/compRepository/mediagallery/PWD/sro161.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=20 October 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020170455/http://keralapwd.gov.in/intranet/compRepository/mediagallery/PWD/sro161.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[মহাত্মা গান্ধী পথ (তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম)|মহাত্মা গান্ধী পথ]] (M.G. Road) হৈছে চহৰখনৰ আটাইতকৈ গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অভ্যন্তৰীণ পথ।<ref>{{cite news |title=Paid parking on M.G. Road from today |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/paid-parking-on-mg-road-from-today/article7849208.ece |access-date=3 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=6 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sathyendran |first1=Nita |title=Ahead of the times |url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/ywca-trivandrum-celebrates-its-centenary/article19316560.ece |access-date=3 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=20 July 2017}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ আন এখন জৰুৰী পথ হৈছে কৌডিয়াৰ পথ। ইয়াক 'ৰাজকীয় পথ' বুলিও জনা যায়, কাৰণ এই পথটো পোনপটীয়াকৈ কৌডিয়াৰ ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদলৈ গৈছে।<ref>{{cite news |last1=UR |first1=Arya |title=Green spaces that are the breathing lungs of Trivandrum |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/green-spaces-that-are-the-breathing-lungs-of-trivandrum/articleshow/58516479.cms |access-date=3 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=5 May 2017}}</ref> === ৰে’ল পৰিবহণ === তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম হৈছে [[ভাৰতীয় ৰেলৱে]]ৰ [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ৰেল সংমণ্ডল|দাক্ষিণাত‍্য ৰেল মণ্ডল]]ৰ এটা সংমণ্ডলৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় (divisional headquarters)।<ref>{{cite web |title=Thiruvananthapuram Division |url=http://www.sr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1370348346435-Thiruvananthapuram%20Division.pdf |website=Southern Railway |access-date=4 March 2018}}</ref> চহৰখনৰপৰা চলাচল কৰা দূৰদূৰণিৰ ৰে’লসমূহ মূলত [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কেন্দ্ৰীয় ৰেল ষ্টেচন|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কেন্দ্ৰীয়]] আৰু [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম উত্তৰ ৰেল ষ্টেচন|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম উত্তৰ]] ৰে’ল টাৰ্মিনেলৰপৰা যাত্ৰা আৰম্ভ কৰে। কেন্দ্ৰীয় ষ্টেচনৰ যান-জঁট আৰু ভিৰ হ্ৰাস কৰিবলৈ কোচিনভেলী ৰে’ল টাৰ্মিনেলটো (Kochuveli) সাজি উলিওৱা হৈছে। এই ষ্টেচনটোৱে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কেন্দ্ৰীয় ষ্টেচনৰ এক উপগ্ৰহ ষ্টেচন (satellite station) হিচাপে কাম কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Kochuveli railway terminal opened |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-logistics/Kochuveli-railway-terminal-opened/article20272059.ece |access-date=4 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu Business line |date=30 March 2005}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কেন্দ্ৰীয় ৰে’ল ষ্টেচন হৈছে কেৰেলাৰ আটাইতকৈ ব্যস্ত ৰে’ল ষ্টেচন।<ref>{{cite news |title=Thiruvananthapuram Central to be made a world-class station |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Thiruvananthapuram-Central-to-be-made-a-world-class-station/article14730334.ece |access-date=4 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=28 September 2016}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ অন্যান্য ৰে’ল ষ্টেচনসমূহ হৈছে— তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম উত্তৰ, তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পেট্টা, [[নেমম ৰেল ষ্টেচন|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম দক্ষিণ ৰে’ল ষ্টেচন]], ভেলী ৰে’ল ষ্টেচন আৰু কাজাকুট্টম ৰে’ল ষ্টেচন। ভাৰতৰ একেবাৰে দক্ষিণ প্ৰান্তত অৱস্থিত পৌৰ নিগম হোৱাৰ বাবে ভাৰতীয় ৰেলৱেৰ বহুতো দীঘলীয়া পথৰ ৰে’ল সেৱা তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰপৰাই আৰম্ভ হয়। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ৰাজধানী এক্সপ্ৰেছ, [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম - চিলচৰ ছুপাৰফাষ্ট এক্সপ্ৰেছ]] আৰু তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম উত্তৰ - অমৃতসৰ সাপ্তাহিক এক্সপ্ৰেছ অন্যতম। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কেন্দ্ৰীয় ষ্টেচনৰ ভিৰ কমাবলৈ [[নেমম ৰেল ষ্টেচন|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম দক্ষিণ ৰে’ল ষ্টেচন]]তো এটা ডাঙৰ ৰে’ল টাৰ্মিনেল বিকশিত কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Railway to give priority to Nemom terminal: Ashwani Lohani |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/railway-to-give-priority-to-nemom-terminal-ashwani-lohani/articleshow/61279808.cms |access-date=4 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=27 October 2017}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম মহানগৰ অঞ্চলৰ ৰে’ল ষ্টেচনসমূহ ! ষ্টেচনৰ নাম ! ষ্টেচন ক’ড ! ৰেল মণ্ডল ! প্লেটফৰ্মৰ সংখ্যা ! ট্ৰেকৰ সংখ্যা |- |[[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কেন্দ্ৰীয় ৰেল ষ্টেচন|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কেন্দ্ৰীয় ৰেল ষ্টেচন]] |TVC |SR |৫ |১৬ |- |[[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম উত্তৰ ৰেল ষ্টেচন|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম উত্তৰ ৰেল ষ্টেচন]] |TVCN |SR |৬ (১০*) |১৩ |- |[[নেমম ৰেল ষ্টেচন|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম দক্ষিণ ৰেল ষ্টেচন]] |TVCS |SR |২ (৫*) |৩ (১২*) |- |[[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পেট্টা ৰেল ষ্টেচন|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম পেট্টা ৰেল ষ্টেচন]] |TVP |SR |২ |২ |- |[[কাজাকুট্টম ৰেল ষ্টেচন|কাজাকুট্টম ৰেল ষ্টেচন]] |KZK |SR |৩ |৪ |- |[[ভেলী ৰেল ষ্টেচন]] |VELI |SR |৩ |৪ |- |[[চিৰায়িনকীঝু ৰেল ষ্টেচন|চিৰায়িনকীঝু ৰেল ষ্টেচন]] |CRY |SR |২ |২ |- |[[নেইয়াত্তিনকাৰা ৰেল ষ্টেচন|নেইয়াত্তিনকাৰা ৰেল ষ্টেচন]] |NYY |SR |২ |২ |- |[[বালাৰামাপুৰম ৰেল ষ্টেচন]] |BRAM |SR |১ | |- |কদাক্কাভুৰ |KVU |SR |৩ |৪ |- |কানীয়াপুৰম |KXP |SR |২ | |} <small>''('''*''' চিহ্নই বৰ্তমান নিৰ্মীয়মাণ অৱস্থাত থকাটো বুজাইছে। )''</small> === বায়ু পৰিবহণ === চাক্কাত অৱস্থিত [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ]]ৰ জৰিয়তে চহৰখনত বিমান সেৱা আগবঢ়োৱা হয়। এই বিমানবন্দৰটো চহৰৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দুৰপৰা মাত্ৰ {{cvt|6.7|km|mi}} দূৰত্বত অৱস্থিত। ১৯৩৫ চনৰপৰা কাৰ্যক্ষম হোৱা এই বিমানবন্দৰটো হৈছে [[কেৰেলা]]ৰ প্ৰথমটো বিমানবন্দৰ।<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala celebrates 75th anniversary of civil aviation |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Kerala-celebrates-75th-anniversary-of-civil-aviation/article15796809.ece |access-date=4 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 October 2010}}</ref> ৰাজ্যখনৰ অন্যতম প্ৰধান প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰ হোৱাৰ বাবে এই বিমানবন্দৰটো ভাৰতৰ সকলোবোৰ প্ৰধান চহৰৰ লগতে মধ্য প্ৰাচ্য, মালয়েছিয়া, ছিংগাপুৰ, [[মালদ্বীপ]] আৰু [[শ্ৰীলংকা]]ৰ সৈতে পোনপটীয়াকৈ সংযোজিত হৈ আছে। এই চহৰখন [[ভাৰতীয় বায়ুসেনা]]ৰ [[দাক্ষিণাত্য বায়ু কমাণ্ড]] (SAC) ৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় হোৱাৰ বাবে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰে ভাৰতীয় বায়ুসেনা (IAF) আৰু উপকূলৰক্ষী বাহিনীৰ (Coast Guard) কৌশলগত কাৰ্যসূচীসমূহ পৰিচালনাত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সহায় কৰে।<ref name="Southern Air Command, Thiruvananthapuram">{{cite web |title=Southern Air Command |url=http://indianairforce.nic.in/content/southern-air-command |work=Indian Air Force |access-date=5 March 2018}}</ref> বায়ুসেনাৰ কাৰ্যাৱলী পৰিচালনা কৰিবলৈ বিমানবন্দৰটোত এটা সুকীয়া এপ্ৰণ (apron) আছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বৈমাণিক বা পাইলট প্ৰশিক্ষণ কাৰ্যসূচী চলোৱা 'ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী বিমান প্ৰযুক্তি একাডেমী'য়েও এই বিমানবন্দৰটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Rajiv Gandhi Academy for Aviation Technology gets its wings back |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/aviation-academy-gets-its-wings-back/articleshow/57638475.cms |access-date=4 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 March 2017}}</ref> === বিমান পৰিবহণ === চাক্কাত অৱস্থিত [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ]]ৰ জৰিয়তে চহৰখনত বিমান সেৱা আগবঢ়োৱা হয়। এই বিমানবন্দৰটো চহৰৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দুৰপৰা মাত্ৰ {{cvt|6.7|km|mi}} দূৰত্বত অৱস্থিত। ১৯৩৫ চনৰপৰা কাৰ্যক্ষম হোৱা এই বিমানবন্দৰটো হৈছে [[কেৰেলা]]ৰ প্ৰথমটো বিমানবন্দৰ।<ref>{{cite news |title=Kerala celebrates 75th anniversary of civil aviation |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/Kerala-celebrates-75th-anniversary-of-civil-aviation/article15796809.ece |access-date=4 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 October 2010}}</ref> ৰাজ্যখনৰ অন্যতম প্ৰধান প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰ হোৱাৰ বাবে এই বিমানবন্দৰটো ভাৰতৰ সকলোবোৰ প্ৰধান চহৰৰ লগতে মধ্য প্ৰাচ্য, মালয়েছিয়া, ছিংগাপুৰ, [[মালদ্বীপ]] আৰু [[শ্ৰীলংকা]]ৰ সৈতে পোনপটীয়াকৈ সংযোজিত হৈ আছে। এই চহৰখন [[ভাৰতীয় বায়ুসেনা]]ৰ [[দাক্ষিণাত্য বায়ু কমাণ্ড]] (SAC) ৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় হোৱাৰ বাবে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰে ভাৰতীয় বায়ুসেনা (IAF) আৰু উপকূলৰক্ষী বাহিনীৰ (Coast Guard) কৌশলগত কাৰ্যসূচীসমূহ পৰিচালনাত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সহায় কৰে।<ref name="Southern Air Command, Thiruvananthapuram"/> বায়ুসেনাৰ কাৰ্যাৱলী পৰিচালনা কৰিবলৈ বিমানবন্দৰটোত এটা সুকীয়া এপ্ৰণ আছে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি বৈমাণিক বা পাইলট প্ৰশিক্ষণ কাৰ্যসূচী চলোৱা 'ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী বিমান প্ৰযুক্তি একাডেমী'য়েও এই বিমানবন্দৰটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Rajiv Gandhi Academy for Aviation Technology gets its wings back |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/aviation-academy-gets-its-wings-back/articleshow/57638475.cms |access-date=4 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 March 2017}}</ref> === সামুদ্ৰিক পৰিবহণ === তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত দুটা বন্দৰ আছে। সেই দুটা হৈছে— [[ভিঝিনজাম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম]] আৰু [[ভিঝিনজাম বন্দৰ]]। অতি বৃহৎ কণ্টেইনাৰ জাহাজসমূহ (ultra-large container vessels) তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰত চাপিব পাৰে। আনহাতে সৰু সৰু জাহাজ আৰু সৰু ভ্ৰমণকাৰী ক্ৰুজসমূহ (cruise ships) ভিঝিনজাম বন্দৰত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news |title=Cruise ship arrives at Vizhinjam port |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/Cruise-ship-arrives-at-Vizhinjam-port/article14703558.ece |access-date=4 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=27 September 2016}}</ref> বন্দৰ উন্নয়ন পৰিকল্পনাৰ অংশ হিচাপে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বন্দৰত এটা 'ক্ৰুজ ভিলেজ' (cruise village) গঢ়ি তোলাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ লোৱা হৈছে। ডাঙৰ ডাঙৰ ক্ৰুজ জাহাজৰ বাবে বন্দৰটোত এটা ক্ৰুজ টাৰ্মিনেল বৰ্তমান নিৰ্মীয়মাণ অৱস্থাত আছে। যাত্ৰী ব্যৱস্থাপনাৰ সুবিধা আৰু আনুষংগিক সেৱা আগবঢ়াই ক্ৰুজ পৰ্যটনক উদগনি যোগোৱাই হৈছে এই প্ৰকল্পৰ মূল লক্ষ্য।<ref>{{cite news |title=Vizhinjam port operator plans cruise village, seeks 20 acres |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/vizhinjam-port-operator-plans-cruise-village-seeks-20-acres/articleshow/129231187.cms |access-date=2026-06-07 |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref> ইয়াৰ লগতে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমক {{convert|616|km|mi}} দৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ কোভালাম-বেক্কেল জলপথ প্ৰকল্পৰ সৈতেও সংযোগ কৰা হ’ব।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cm-akkulam-chettuva-waterway-will-be-extended-to-vizhinjam-port/articleshow/128823852.cms|title=CM: Akkulam-Chettuva waterway will be extended to Vizhinjam port|date=27 February 2026|access-date=8 June 2026|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> == শিক্ষা == [[File:Model School Thiruvananthapuram.JPG|left|thumb|১৮৮৫ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমৰ চৰকাৰী আদৰ্শ ল’ৰাৰ উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয় কেৰেলাৰ ভিতৰতে অন্যতম পুৰণি বিদ্যালয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Anilkumar |first1=B S |title=A model for generations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/a-model-for-generations/articleshow/60934565.cms |access-date=8 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=4 October 2017}}</ref>|200px]] [[File:Cet.jpg|left|thumb|220x220px|অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয়, ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমৰ মূল ভৱন। ]] [[File:Chitra Tirunal Balarama Varma.jpg|thumb|[[কেৰেলা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]ৰ ক্লক টাৱাৰ বা ঘণ্টা ঘৰ|200px]] [[File:Medical college Gate Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|left|তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চৰকাৰী চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়ৰ মূল প্ৰৱেশদ্বাৰ|200px]] [[File:Observatory at IIST.jpg|thumb|[[ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]]ৰ পৰ্যৱেক্ষণ কেন্দ্ৰ|200px]] === প্ৰাথমিক আৰু মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা === তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ বিদ্যালয়সমূহক সাহায্য প্ৰাপ্ত, সাহায্য বিহীন আৰু চৰকাৰী বিদ্যালয় হিচাপে শ্ৰেণীভুক্ত কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite news |title=No PSC postings in aided schools |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/no-psc-postings-in-aided-schools/articleshow/57421702.cms |access-date=5 March 2018 |date=2 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="scllist">{{cite web |title=List of Schools |url=http://education.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=460&Itemid=143 |website=General Education Department |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=5 March 2018}}</ref> চৰকাৰী বিদ্যালয়সমূহ কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যিক শিক্ষা ব’ৰ্ডৰদ্বাৰা পোনপটীয়াকৈ পৰিচালিত হয়। এই বিদ্যালয়সমূহে ৰাজ্য চৰকাৰে নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰা পাঠ্যক্ৰম অনুসৰণ কৰে।<ref name=syllabus>{{cite web |title=Selected Educational Statistics |url=http://education.kerala.gov.in/Downloads2011/Notifications/statitics/selected%20educational%20statistics%202010-11.pdf |website=General Education Department |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=5 March 2018}}</ref> সাহায্য প্ৰাপ্ত বিদ্যালয়সমূহেও ৰাজ্যিক পাঠ্যক্ৰম গ্ৰহণ কৰে। শিক্ষাদানৰ প্ৰধান মাধ্যম হৈছে [[মালায়ালম ভাষা|মালায়ালম]] আৰু ইংৰাজী। ইয়াৰ উপৰি [[তামিল ভাষা|তামিল]] আৰু [[হিন্দী ভাষা]]ও ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=syllabus/> বিদ্যালয়সমূহ ৰাজ্যিক শৈক্ষিক গৱেষণা আৰু প্ৰশিক্ষণ পৰিষদ (SCERT), [[কেন্দ্ৰীয় মাধ্যমিক শিক্ষা ব’ৰ্ড]] (CBSE), ইণ্ডিয়ান চাৰ্টিফিকেট অৱ চেকেণ্ডাৰী এডুকেচন (ICSE), ইণ্টাৰনেচনেল জেনেৰেল চাৰ্টিফিকেট অৱ চেকেণ্ডাৰী এডুকেচন (IGCSE) আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুক্ত বিদ্যালয় প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (NIOS) ৰ সৈতে পঞ্জীয়নভুক্ত। [[শৈক্ষিক গৱেষণা আৰু প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৰিষদ]] (NCERT) ৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কৃতিত্ব সমীক্ষাত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমে কেৰেলাৰ সৰ্বশ্ৰেষ্ঠ চহৰ হিচাপে স্থান লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=National Achievement Survey |url=http://www.ncert.nic.in/programmes/NAS/NAS.html |website=National Council of Educational Research and Training |publisher=Government of India |access-date=5 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="ncertsurv">{{cite news |title=NCERT survey: Gaping holes visible in Kerala education system |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/ncert-survey-gaping-holes-visible-in-kerala-education-system/articleshow/63122119.cms |access-date=5 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=1 March 2018}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ উল্লেখযোগ্য বিদ্যালয়সমূহৰ ভিতৰত [[ছেণ্ট মেৰীছ উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয় (তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম)|ছেণ্ট মেৰীছ উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়]] অন্যতম। ইয়াক এছিয়াৰ সৰ্ববৃহৎ বিদ্যালয়সমূহৰ ভিতৰত এখন বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। ইয়াত মুঠ শিক্ষাৰ্থীৰ সংখ্যা ১২,০০০ তকৈও অধিক।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pradeep Kumar |first1=Kaavya |title='Twin' fete at school to mark Kerala Piravi |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/twin-fete-at-school-to-mark-kerala-piravi/article6555133.ece |access-date=5 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=1 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A song for a better earth by 12,000 children |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/a-song-for-a-better-earth-by-12000-children/article6086390.ece |access-date=5 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 May 2016}}</ref> অন্যান্য প্ৰধান বিদ্যালয়সমূহ হৈছে— চৰকাৰী আদৰ্শ ল’ৰা উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়, চৰকাৰী ছোৱালী উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়, হোলী এঞ্জেলছ কনভেণ্ট ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম, এছ.এম.ভি. বিদ্যালয়, ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিদ্যালয়, চিন্ময় বিদ্যালয়, কেন্দ্ৰীয় বিদ্যালয়, লয়োলা বিদ্যালয়, ক্ৰীষ্ট নগৰ বিদ্যালয়, সৰ্বোদয় বিদ্যালয়, নিৰ্মলা ভৱন উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়, আৰ্য চেণ্ট্ৰেল স্কুল, জ্যোতি নিলয়ম স্কুল, ছেণ্ট জোচেফ উচ্চতৰ মাধ্যমিক বিদ্যালয়, ছেণ্ট থমাছ আৱাসিক বিদ্যালয়, দ্য অক্সফ’ৰ্ড স্কুল আৰু ভি.এছ.এছ.চি. কেন্দ্ৰীয় বিদ্যালয়।<ref name="highscllist">{{cite web |url=http://education.kerala.gov.in/Downloads2011/Notifications/statitics/hs/tvm.pdf |title=List of High schools in Thiruvananthapuram District |website=General Education Department |publisher=Government of Kerala}}</ref> === উচ্চ শিক্ষা আৰু গৱেষণা === তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম এক উল্লেখযোগ্য শৈক্ষিক আৰু গৱেষণা কেন্দ্ৰ। ইয়াত [[মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান]], [[তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি]], পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞান, [[জৈৱ প্ৰযুক্তি]], অভিযান্ত্ৰিক আৰু চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞানৰ বিভিন্ন প্ৰতিষ্ঠান আছে। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত তিনিখন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আছে। ইয়াৰে দুখন [[ৰাজ্যিক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (ভাৰত)|ৰাজ্যিক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] আৰু এখন সাম্ভাব‍্য বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (deemed university)। ৰাজ্যিক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় দুখন হৈছে [[কেৰেলা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] আৰু [[এ পি জে আব্দুল কালাম প্ৰযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]]। [[ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (IIST) হৈছে চৰকাৰী সাহায্য প্ৰাপ্ত এক প্ৰতিষ্ঠান তথা সাম্ভাব‍্য বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=About Institute |url=https://www.iist.ac.in/aboutus/institute |website=Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) |date=4 November 2014 |publisher=Department of Space, Govt. of India |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722115615/https://www.iist.ac.in/aboutus/institute |url-status=dead |archivedate=22 July 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722115615/https://www.iist.ac.in/aboutus/institute |deadurl=yes }}</ref> আই.আই.এছ.টি. (IIST) হৈছে মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান, মহাকাশ প্ৰযুক্তি আৰু মহাকাশ প্ৰয়োগৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত স্নাতক পাঠ্যক্ৰম তথা গৱেষণা আগবঢ়োৱা দেশৰ প্ৰথমখন এই শ্ৰেণীৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠান।<ref name="iist">{{cite web |url=http://www.iist.ac.in/about-us/about-iist |title=About IIST |access-date=6 March 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814133048/http://www.iist.ac.in/about-us/about-iist |archive-date=14 August 2011 |website=Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology |archivedate=14 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814133048/http://www.iist.ac.in/about-us/about-iist |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চহৰখনত দুখন ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (Institutes of National Importance) আছে। সেই দুখন হৈছে— শ্ৰী চিত্ৰ তিৰুনাল চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (SCTIMST) আৰু [[ভাৰতীয় বিজ্ঞান শিক্ষা আৰু গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান, তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম|ভাৰতীয় বিজ্ঞান শিক্ষা আৰু গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (IISER)।<ref name="inilist">{{cite web |title=Institutions of National Importance |url=http://mhrd.gov.in/institutions-national-importance |website=Department of Higher Education |publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India |access-date=5 March 2018}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম হৈছে [[ইন্দিৰা গান্ধী ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় মুক্ত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] (IGNOU) ৰ এটা আঞ্চলিক মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Trivandrum Regional Centre |url=http://rctrivandrum.ignou.ac.in/ |website=Indira Gandhi National Open University Website |publisher=Indira Gandhi National Open University. |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="font-size:90%; width:85%; " |+ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়সমূহ |- ! বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ নাম!! প্ৰতিষ্ঠা বৰ্ষ!! প্ৰকাৰ!! স্থান |- | [[কেৰেলা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] || ১৯৩৭ || চৰকাৰী || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (IIST) || ২০০৭ || চৰকাৰী || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | কেৰেলা ডিজিটেল বিজ্ঞান, উদ্ভাৱন আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (KUDSIT) || ২০২০ || চৰকাৰী || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | এ পি জে আব্দুল কালাম প্ৰযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় (KTU) || ২০১৪ || চৰকাৰী || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ফৰেনছিক বিজ্ঞান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] (NFSU) || প্ৰস্তাৱিত<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2025/Dec/03/sc-nod-to-allocate-keralas-open-prison-land-for-brahmos-ssb-forensic-university|title=SC nod to allocate Kerala's open prison land for BrahMos, SSB & forensic university|date=3 December 2025|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=8 June 2026}}</ref> || চৰকাৰী || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |} ১৯৫১ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চৰকাৰী চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয়]] হৈছে কেৰেলাৰ প্ৰথম তথা এখন অগ্ৰণী চিকিৎসা শিক্ষানুষ্ঠান।<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Medical College |url=http://www.tmc.kerala.gov.in/?q=content/nobis-tincidunt-utinam |website=Trivandrum Medical College |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-date=6 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306204312/http://www.tmc.kerala.gov.in/?q=content/nobis-tincidunt-utinam |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306204312/http://www.tmc.kerala.gov.in/?q=content/nobis-tincidunt-utinam |archivedate=6 March 2018 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> হৃদৰোগ আৰু স্নায়ুবিজ্ঞানৰ ছুপাৰ-স্পেচিয়েলিটি পাঠ্যক্ৰম আগবঢ়োৱা এছ.চি.টি.আই.এম.এছ.টি. (SCTIMST) আৰু ৰেডিঅ’থেৰাপী তথা পদাৰ্থ বিজ্ঞানৰ স্নাতকোত্তৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম আগবঢ়োৱা আঞ্চলিক কৰ্কট কেন্দ্ৰ, তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ উপৰি অন্যান্য উল্লেখনীয় চিকিৎসা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহৰ ভিতৰত এছ.ইউ.টি. চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান একাডেমী (SUT), শ্ৰী গোকুলম চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় আৰু চৰকাৰী আয়ুৰ্বেদ মহাবিদ্যালয় অন্যতম।<ref name="procollist">{{cite web |title=Professional College list |url=https://cee.kerala.gov.in/collegelist/main/index.php |website=Office of the commissioner for entrance examinations |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=19 July 2018 |archive-date=5 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705153420/http://cee.kerala.gov.in/collegelist/main/index.php |url-status=dead |archivedate=5 July 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705153420/http://cee.kerala.gov.in/collegelist/main/index.php |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চহৰখনত কেইবাখনো আগশাৰীৰ আইন শিক্ষানুষ্ঠান আছে। ১৮৭৫ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চৰকাৰী আইন মহাবিদ্যালয় ভাৰতৰ আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি আইন শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম।<ref>{{cite web |title=About Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram |url=http://glctvpm.com/college/college_about.shtml |website=Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=GLCT |access-date=6 March 2018 |archivedate=9 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054244/http://glctvpm.com/college/college_about.shtml |deadurl=yes }}</ref> কেৰেলা ল’ একাডেমী চহৰখনৰ আন এখন প্ৰধান আইন মহাবিদ্যালয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=About Kerala Law Academy |url=https://www.keralalawacademy.org/about.html |website=Kerala Law Academy Website |publisher=Kerala Law Academy |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-date=10 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210121031/http://www.keralalawacademy.org/about.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=10 February 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210121031/http://www.keralalawacademy.org/about.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চহৰখনৰ প্ৰধান ব্যাৱসায়িক শিক্ষানুষ্ঠান বা বিজনেছ স্কুলসমূহৰ ভিতৰত এছিয়ান স্কুল অৱ বিজনেছ, চি.ই.টি. ব্যৱস্থাপনা বিদ্যালয় আৰু কেৰেলা ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (IMK) অন্যতম।<ref>{{cite web |title=CET School of Management |url=http://www.mba.cet.ac.in/ |website=CET Management school |publisher=Department of Business Administration, Kerala |access-date=6 March 2018 |archivedate=19 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419195730/http://mba.cet.ac.in/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.asb.ac.in/about-us |website=Asian School of Business |publisher=ASB |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=IMK |url=http://www.imk.ac.in/abtus.htm |website=Institute of Management in Kerala |publisher=Kerala University |access-date=6 March 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত ২৩খনতকৈও অধিক অভিযান্ত্ৰিক শিক্ষানুষ্ঠান আছে।<ref name="engcollist">{{cite web |title=Kerala Technological University List of Affiliated Courses 2015–16 |url=https://ktu.edu.in/data/Affiliated%20courses-WEBSITE%2027%20JULY%202015.pdf |website=APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> আই.আই.এছ.টি. (IIST) আৰু আই.আই.এছ.ই.আৰ. (IISER) ৰ উপৰি চহৰখনৰ অন্যান্য প্ৰধান অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয়সমূহৰ ভিতৰত অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয়, ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম (CET) অন্যতম, যি কেৰেলাৰ প্ৰথমখন অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=About CET |url=http://www.cet.ac.in/ |website=College of Engineering, Trivandrum |publisher=CET |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> ইয়াৰ বাহিৰেও চৰকাৰী অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয় বাৰ্টনহিল (GEC), শ্ৰী চিত্ৰ তিৰুনাল অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয় (SCT), চি-ডেক তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম (C-DAC), বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয়, মোহনদাস অভিযান্ত্ৰিক আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি মহাবিদ্যালয় আৰু মাৰ বেচেলিঅ’ছ অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয় উল্লেখযোগ্য।<ref name="engcollist"/> ১৮৬৬ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় মহাবিদ্যালয় আৰু ১৮৬৪ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা চৰকাৰী মহিলা মহাবিদ্যালয় ভাৰতৰ উচ্চ শিক্ষাৰ দুখন আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান। <ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.universitycollege.ac.in/ |website=University College, Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Govt. College for Women, Our History |url=http://www.gcwtvm.ac.in/the-college/our-history/ |website=Government college for Women, Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-date=9 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309055806/http://www.gcwtvm.ac.in/the-college/our-history/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=9 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309055806/http://www.gcwtvm.ac.in/the-college/our-history/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="font-size:90%; width:98%; " |+ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহ |- ! প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ নাম!! প্ৰতিষ্ঠা বৰ্ষ!! প্ৰকাৰ!! স্থান |- | [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আন্তঃশাখা বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (NIIST) || ১৯৮৮ || গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী জৈৱ-প্ৰযুক্তি কেন্দ্ৰ]] (RGCB) || ১৯৯০ || গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যিক বিজ্ঞান, প্ৰযুক্তি আৰু পৰিৱেশ পৰিষদ]] (KSCSTE) || ২০০২ || চৰকাৰী সংস্থা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[ভাৰতীয় বিজ্ঞান শিক্ষা আৰু গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (IISER) || ২০০৮ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[বিক্ৰম সাৰাভাই মহাকাশ কেন্দ্ৰ]] (VSSC) || ১৯৬৩ || গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়ন || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[লিকুইড প্ৰপালচন চিষ্টেমছ চেণ্টাৰ]] (LPSC) || ১৯৮৫ || গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়ন || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (IIST) || ২০০৭ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বাক আৰু শ্ৰৱণ প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (NIISH) || ১৯৯৭ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[আঞ্চলিক কৰ্কট কেন্দ্ৰ, তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম]] (RCC) || ১৯৮১ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু ক্ৰান্তীয় উদ্ভিদ উদ্যান আৰু গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (JNTBGRI) || ১৯৭৯ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[শ্ৰী চিত্ৰ তিৰুনাল চিকিৎসা বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (SCTIMST) || ১৯৭৬ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৃথিৱী বিজ্ঞান অধ্যয়ন কেন্দ্ৰ]] (NCESS) || ১৯৭৮ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | কেৰেলা পৰ্যটন আৰু ভ্ৰমণ অধ্যয়ন প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (KITTS) || ১৯৮৮ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.kittsedu.org/profile.php | title=Profile, Kerala Institute of Tourism and Travel Studies, Education, Hospitality Industry, India }}</ref> |- | [[কেৰেলা ডিজিটেল বিজ্ঞান, উদ্ভাৱন আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] (IIITM-k) || ১৯৮৮ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম |- | [[কেন্দ্ৰীয় মূল জাতীয় শস্য গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (ICAR-CTCRI) || ১৯৬৩ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web | title=Home {{!}} CTCRI - CENTRAL TUBER CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE | url=https://www.ctcri.org/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | website=Ctcri.org}}</ref> |- | [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম অভিযান্ত্ৰিক বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি গৱেষণা উদ্যান]] (TrEST) || ২০১৫ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম<ref name="auto1"/> |- | [[উন্নত কম্পিউটিঙৰ বিকাশ কেন্দ্ৰ, তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম]] (C-DAC) || ২০১০ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম<ref>{{Cite web | title=C-DAC: Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, India | url=https://www.cdac.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | website=Cdac.in}}</ref> |- | [[ঘঁৰিয়াল পুনৰ্সংস্থাপন আৰু গৱেষণা কেন্দ্ৰ]] || ২০১৫ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.keralatourism.org/destination/neyyar-reservoir-thiruvananthapuram/240/ | title=Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Thiruvananthapuram|website=Keralatourism.org }}</ref> |- | [[উন্নত ভাইৰাছ বিজ্ঞান প্ৰতিষ্ঠান, কেৰেলা]] || ২০১৯ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম<ref name="auto1"/> |- | [[অ’ৰিয়েণ্টেল ৰিচাৰ্চ ইনষ্টিটিউট এণ্ড মেনুস্ক্ৰিপ্টচ লাইব্ৰেৰী]] || ১৯MD || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম<ref>{{Cite web | title=IAV – Institute of Advanced Virology | url=https://iav.kerala.gov.in/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028034458/https://iav.kerala.gov.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | archive-date=2021-10-28}}</ref> |- | [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় আন্তঃশাখা বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (CSIR-NIIST) || ১৯৭৫ || গৱেষণা আৰু শিক্ষা || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম<ref>{{Cite web | title=CSIR - National Institute For Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) | url=https://www.niist.res.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | website=Niist.res.in}}</ref> |} চহৰখনৰ অন্যান্য প্ৰধান [[স্নাতক]] আৰু [[স্নাতকোত্তৰ]] মহাবিদ্যালয়সমূহৰ ভিতৰত [[চৰকাৰী কলা মহাবিদ্যালয়, তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম|চৰকাৰী কলা মহাবিদ্যালয়]], মহাত্মা গান্ধী মহাবিদ্যালয়, মাৰ ইভানিঅ’ছ মহাবিদ্যালয়, চৰকাৰী সংস্কৃত মহাবিদ্যালয়, লয়োলা সমাজ বিজ্ঞান মহাবিদ্যালয়, ছেণ্ট জেভিয়াৰ্ছ মহাবিদ্যালয় (থুম্বা) আৰু অল ছেণ্টছ মহাবিদ্যালয় অন্যতম।<ref>{{cite web |title=List of colleges affiliated to the University of Kerala |url=https://www.keralauniversity.ac.in/downloads/list_of_affiliated_colleges.pdf |website=Kerala University |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> প্ৰধান [[ললিত কলা]] মহাবিদ্যালয়সমূহ হৈছে— স্বাতী তিৰুনাল সংগীত মহাবিদ্যালয় (যি কেৰেলাৰ প্ৰথমখন সংগীত একাডেমী)<ref>{{cite web |title=About |url=http://www.swathithirunal.in/rel_akademi.htm |website=Swathi Thirunal College of Music |publisher=C-DIT |access-date=6 March 2018}}</ref> আৰু ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম ললিত কলা মহাবিদ্যালয়।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zachariah |first1=Preeti |title=Carving space through art |url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/carving-space-through-art/article22678712.ece |access-date=6 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=8 February 2018}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি লক্ষ্মীবাঈ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় শাৰীৰিক শিক্ষা মহাবিদ্যালয় হৈছে [[ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰীড়া প্ৰাধিকৰণ]] (SAI) ৰ দুখন শাৰীৰিক শিক্ষা শৈক্ষিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম।<ref>{{cite web |title=Regional Centres |url=http://www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index1.asp?ls_id=739 |website=Sports Authority of India |publisher=Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India |access-date=6 March 2018 |archive-date=15 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115080952/http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index1.asp?ls_id=739 |url-status=dead |archivedate=15 November 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115080952/http://sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index1.asp?ls_id=739 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ শীৰ্ষস্থানীয় গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহৰ ভিতৰত কেৰেলা ভাৰতীয় তথ্য প্ৰযুক্তি আৰু ব্যৱস্থাপনা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (IIITMK),<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management – Kerala (IIITM-K) |url=http://www.technopark.org/company-details?id=9948 |website=Technopark |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=8 March 2018 |archive-date=9 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054643/http://www.technopark.org/company-details?id=9948 |url-status=dead |archivedate=9 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054643/http://www.technopark.org/company-details?id=9948 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বাক আৰু শ্ৰৱণ প্ৰতিষ্ঠান (NISH),<ref>{{cite web |title=About us |url=http://www.nish.ac.in/about-us |website=National Institute of Speech and Hearing |access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref> ৰাজীৱ গান্ধী জৈৱ-প্ৰযুক্তি কেন্দ্ৰ,<ref>{{cite web |title=RGCB Profile |url=http://rgcb.res.in/glance.php |website=Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB) |access-date=8 March 2018 |archive-date=9 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054103/http://rgcb.res.in/glance.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> ইমেজিং প্ৰযুক্তি বিকাশ কেন্দ্ৰ (C-Dit),<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.cdit.org/about-us |website=Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT) |publisher=Government of Kerala |access-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> উন্নয়ন অধ্যয়ন কেন্দ্ৰ (CDS),<ref>{{cite web |title=An Overview |url=http://www.cds.edu/about-cds/an-overview/ |website=Centre for Development Studies (CDS) |access-date=8 March 2018 |archive-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307202833/http://cds.edu/about-cds/an-overview/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=7 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307202833/http://cds.edu/about-cds/an-overview/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> জৱাহৰলাল নেহৰু ক্ৰান্তীয় উদ্ভিদ উদ্যান আৰু গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান, ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় পৃথিৱী বিজ্ঞান অধ্যয়ন কেন্দ্ৰ (NCESS) আৰু উন্নত কম্পিউটিঙৰ বিকাশ কেন্দ্ৰ (C-DAC) অন্যতম। <ref>{{cite web |title=Corporate Profile |url=https://www.cdac.in/index.aspx?id=CorporateProfile |website=Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) |publisher=Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India |access-date=8 March 2018}}</ref> আৰু [[অ’ৰিয়েণ্টেল ৰিচাৰ্চ ইনষ্টিটিউট এণ্ড মেনুস্ক্ৰিপ্টচ লাইব্ৰেৰী]]।<ref>{{cite news |title=Science festival at Kerala varsity |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/varsity-to-open-its-doors-to-public/article22747411.ece |access-date=6 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=14 February 2018}}</ref> মানৱ সম্পদ উন্নয়ন মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় প্ৰতিষ্ঠানগত ৰেংকিং ফ্ৰেমৱৰ্ক]] (NIRF) ৰ অনুসৰি, [[কেৰেলা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়]] কেৰেলাৰ সৰ্বশ্ৰেষ্ঠ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় হিচাপে বিবেচিত হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=University Rankings |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/UniversityRanking.html |website=National Institutional Ranking Framework |publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India |access-date=25 May 2018 |archive-date=26 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726132630/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/universityranking.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=26 July 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726132630/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/universityranking.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> কেৰেলাৰ সামগ্ৰিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানগত ৰেংকিঙতো কেৰেলা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে শীৰ্ষ স্থান লাভ কৰিছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Overall Ranking |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/OverallRanking.html |website=National Institutional Ranking Framework |publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India |access-date=25 May 2018 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308102901/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/OverallRanking.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=8 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308102901/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/OverallRanking.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> অভিযান্ত্ৰিক শাখাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত [[ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (IIST) কেৰেলাৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰথম স্থানত আছে। আনহাতে অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয়, ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম (CET) কেৰেলাৰ ভিতৰত তৃতীয় স্থানত আছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Engineering Rankings |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/EngineeringRanking.html |website=National Institutional Ranking Framework |publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India |access-date=25 May 2018 |archive-date=2 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202230234/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/EngineeringRanking.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=2 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202230234/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/EngineeringRanking.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> স্থপতি্যা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ ৰেংকিঙত 'অভিযান্ত্ৰিক মহাবিদ্যালয়, ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম' ভাৰতৰ ভিতৰত চতুৰ্থ আৰু কেৰেলাৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰথম স্থানত আছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Architecture Rankings |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/ArchitectureRanking.html |website=National Institutional Ranking Framework |publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India |access-date=25 May 2018 |archive-date=7 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407225333/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/ArchitectureRanking.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=7 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407225333/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/ArchitectureRanking.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় মহাবিদ্যালয় কেৰেলাৰ সৰ্বশ্ৰেষ্ঠ মহাবিদ্যালয় হিচাপে তালিকাভুক্ত হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=College Rankings |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/CollegeRanking.html |website=National Institutional Ranking Framework |publisher=Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India |access-date=25 May 2018 |archive-date=26 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041130/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/CollegeRanking.html |url-status=dead |archivedate=26 May 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526041130/https://www.nirfindia.org/2018/CollegeRanking.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=University College joins the big league |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/university-college-joins-the-big-league/article23809815.ece |access-date=25 May 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=8 May 2018}}</ref> == মহাকাশ আৰু এৰ’স্পেচ == তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম হৈছে ভাৰতৰ মহাকাশ কাৰ্যসূচীৰ জন্মস্থান।<ref name="auto">{{Cite web | title=KSPACE | url=https://kspace.kerala.gov.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | website=kspace.kerala.gov.in}}</ref> ১৯৬৩ চনত ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথমটো ৰকেট উৎক্ষেপণ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ [[থুম্বা ইকুৱেটৰিয়েল ৰকেট উৎক্ষেপণ কেন্দ্ৰ]] (TERLS) ৰপৰা কৰা হৈছিল। তেতিয়াৰেপৰা এই চহৰখন মহাকাশ গৱেষণা, বিভিন্ন শৈক্ষিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠান আৰু কোম্পানীসমূহৰ এক প্ৰধান কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে গঢ়ি উঠিছে। {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="font-size:95%; width:80%; " |+ তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ মহাকাশ আৰু এৰ’স্পেচ গৱেষণা প্ৰতিষ্ঠান, সংগঠন আৰু কোম্পানীসমূহ |- ! style="background-color:orange; " | নাম!! style="background-color:orange; " | প্ৰকাৰ!! style="background-color:orange; " | বিৱৰণ |- | [[বিক্ৰম সাৰাভাই মহাকাশ কেন্দ্ৰ]] (VSSC) || গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়ন প্ৰতিষ্ঠান || ইছৰ’ (ISRO) ৰ উৎক্ষেপণ বাহন বা ৰকেট বিকাশৰ এক অগ্ৰণী কেন্দ্ৰ। |- | লিকুইড প্ৰপালচন চিষ্টেমছ চেণ্টাৰ (LPSC) || গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়ন প্ৰতিষ্ঠান || ৰকেটৰ বাবে তৰল প্ৰণোদন প্ৰণালী (liquid propulsion systems) প্ৰস্তুত কৰে। |- | ইছৰ’ ইনাৰ্ছিয়েল চিষ্টেমছ ইউনিট (IISU) || গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়ন প্ৰতিষ্ঠান || উৎক্ষেপণ বাহনৰ জড়তা প্ৰণালী (inertial systems), মহাকাশযানৰ জড়তা প্ৰণালী, জড়তা চেন্সৰৰ মূল্যায়ন তথা চিমুলেচন আৰু ইয়াৰ ইলেকট্ৰনিক উৎপাদন আদি কাৰ্য কৰে। <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.isro.gov.in/IISU.html | title=ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) }}</ref> |- | [[থুম্বা ইকুৱেটৰিয়েল ৰকেট উৎক্ষেপণ কেন্দ্ৰ]] (TERLS) || মহাকাশ বন্দৰ || পৃথিৱীৰ চুম্বকীয় বিষুৱৰেখাৰ অতি ওচৰত অৱস্থিত। বৰ্তমান ইয়াক ছাউণ্ডিং ৰকেট (sounding rockets) উৎক্ষেপণৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। |- | [[ভাৰতীয় মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান আৰু প্ৰযুক্তি প্ৰতিষ্ঠান]] (IIST) || শৈক্ষিক প্ৰতিষ্ঠান || এছিয়াৰ প্ৰথমখন মহাকাশ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_EN/iist.html#:~:text=Indian%20Institute%20of%20Space%20Science%20and%20Technology%20(IIST),,to%20meet%20the%20demands%20of%20Indian%20Space%20Programme | title=Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST) }}</ref> ইয়াত মহাকাশ বিজ্ঞান আৰু অভিযান্ত্ৰিক শাখাৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম আগবঢ়োৱা হয়। |- | ব্ৰহ্মছ এৰ’স্পেচ || প্ৰতিৰক্ষা কোম্পানী || ব্ৰহ্মছ (BrahMos) ছুপাৰচনিক ক্ৰুজ মিছাইল উৎপাদন কৰে। |- | কেলট্ৰন (Keltron) || ইলেকট্ৰনিক্স কোম্পানী || মহাকাশ আৰু প্ৰতিৰক্ষা খণ্ডৰ ইলেকট্ৰনিক্স সামগ্ৰী নিৰ্মাণৰ সৈতে জড়িত। |- | কে.ই.এল. এৰ’স্পেচ (KEL Aerospace) || এৰ’স্পেচ কোম্পানী || এৰ’স্পেচৰ বিভিন্ন যন্ত্ৰাংশ উৎপাদনৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব দিয়ে।<ref>{{Cite web | title=KEL | url=https://kel.co.in/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080413112811/http://kel.co.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | archive-date=13 April 2008 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- | কে-স্পেচ ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম || গৱেষণা আৰু উন্নয়ন প্ৰতিষ্ঠান || কেৰেলা চৰকাৰৰ মহাকাশ গৱেষণা সম্পৰ্কীয় এক বিশেষ পদক্ষেপ।<ref name="auto"/> |- | হেক্স ২০ (Hex 20) || মহাকাশ-প্ৰযুক্তি ষ্টাৰ্টআপ || উপগ্ৰহ প্ৰযুক্তিৰ (satellite technology) ওপৰত বিশেষ কাম কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hex20.in/contact/|title=Mission Critical Defence and Space Technology Partner|website=Hex20in|access-date=8 June 2026}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> |- | অনন্ত টেকন’লজীছ || এৰ’স্পেচ আৰু প্ৰতিৰক্ষা || ইছৰ’ আৰু অন্যান্য গ্ৰাহকৰ বাবে মহাকাশযান প্ৰণালী, এভিয়নিক্স আৰু উপগ্ৰহ উৎক্ষেপণ সহায়ৰ কাম কৰে। |- | ষ্ট্ৰাভা টেকন’লজীছ (Strava Technologies) || এৰ’স্পেচ আৰু প্ৰতিৰক্ষা || প্ৰতিৰক্ষা আৰু এৰ’স্পেচ খণ্ডক ইলেকট্ৰনিক যুদ্ধ প্ৰণালী, ৰাডাৰ আৰু চাইবাৰ সুৰক্ষা সমাধান যোগান ধৰে।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://stravatechnologies.in/our-company | title=Strava Technologies® PVT Ltd - India's leading Startup in Geospatial Industry|website=Stravatechnologies.in }}</ref> |- | এৰ’প্ৰেচিচন (Aeroprecision) || এৰ’স্পেচ আৰু প্ৰতিৰক্ষা || উচ্চ-প্ৰযুক্তিৰ বিমান আৰু সামৰিক যন্ত্ৰাংশ তৈয়াৰ কৰে। ইয়াৰ উপৰি এম.আৰ.অ’ (MRO) আৰু যোগান শৃংখল সমাধান আগবঢ়ায়।<ref>{{Cite web | title=Welcome to Aero Precision | url=http://www.sa-aeroprecision.com/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905205731/http://sa-aeroprecision.com/ | access-date=2025-08-18 | archive-date=5 September 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- | ছাফ্ৰান (Safran) || এৰ’স্পেচ আৰু প্ৰতিৰক্ষা || বিশ্বজুৰি বিমানৰ ইঞ্জিন, এভিয়নিক্স আৰু প্ৰতিৰক্ষা প্ৰণালী যোগান ধৰা এখন ফৰাচী বহুৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কোম্পানী। |- | কোৰ্টাস (Kortas) || এৰ’স্পেচ || উৎক্ষেপণ বাহন বা ৰকেটৰ বাবে প্ৰণোদন প্ৰণালী (propellant systems) আৰু টেংকসহ নিখুঁত এৰ’স্পেচ যন্ত্ৰাংশ নিৰ্মাণ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web | title=Kortas Industries Pvt. Ltd. - Manufactures of Aerospace Hardware. | url=https://kortasind.com/ | access-date=2025-08-18 | website=Kortasind.com}}</ref> |} == আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সম্পৰ্ক == ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমত [[সংযুক্ত আৰৱ আমিৰাত]] আৰু [[মালদ্বীপ]]ৰ পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয় (Consulate) অৱস্থিত। ইয়াৰ উপৰি কূটনৈতিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক সম্পৰ্ক সহজসাধ্য কৰিবলৈ চহৰখনত [[শ্ৰীলংকা]], [[ৰাছিয়া]] আৰু [[জাৰ্মানী]]ৰ অবৈতনিক পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয়সমূহো (Honorary Consulates) আছে। {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+ ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমৰ পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয়সমূহ |- ! দেশ!! পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয় |- |সংযুক্ত আৰৱ আমিৰাত [[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|20px]] || সংযুক্ত আৰৱ আমিৰাতৰ পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয়<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mofa.gov.ae/en/missions/kerala | title=UAE consulate in kerala }}</ref> |- |মালদ্বীপ [[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|20px]] || মালদ্বীপৰ পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয়<ref>{{cite web | url=https://embassies.info/ConsulateofMaldivesinThrivananathapuramIndia | title=Consulate General of Maldives in Thiruvananthapuram, India }}</ref> |- |শ্ৰীলংকা [[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|20px]] || শ্ৰীলংকাৰ অবৈতনিক পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয়<ref>{{cite web | url=https://slhcindia.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1142:newly-appointed-honorary-consul-of-sri-lanka-in-thiruvananthapuram-receives-the-commission-of-appointment&catid=50:demo-category&Itemid=1 | title=Newly appointed Honorary Consul of Sri Lanka in Thiruvananthapuram receives the Commission of Appointment }}</ref> |- |ৰাছিয়া [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|20px]] || ৰাছিয়াৰ অবৈতনিক পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয়<ref>{{Cite web | title=Archived copy | url=https://india.mid.ru/en/news/ratheesh_nair_honorary_consul_of_russia_in_trivandrum_kerala_continued_his_journey_along_afanasy_nik/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415043547/https://india.mid.ru/en/news/ratheesh_nair_honorary_consul_of_russia_in_trivandrum_kerala_continued_his_journey_along_afanasy_nik/ | archive-date=2025-04-15}}</ref> |- |জাৰ্মানী [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|20px]] || জাৰ্মানীৰ অবৈতনিক পৰামৰ্শদাতা কাৰ্যালয়<ref>{{cite web | url=https://india.diplo.de/in-en/ueber-uns/honorarkonsuln/1808878-1808878#:~:text=in%20Thiruvananthapuram%2C%20Kerala.-,Dr.,in%20matters%20related%20to%20Germany. | title=German Honorary Consul in Thiruvananthapuram }}</ref> |} == প্ৰচাৰ মাধ্যম == তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত বহুতো বাতৰি কাকত, দূৰদৰ্শন আৰু অনাতঁৰ (ৰেডিঅ’) কেন্দ্ৰ আছে। কেৰেলাৰ বেছিভাগ সংবাদ প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰে মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমতে অৱস্থিত। কেৰেলাৰ প্ৰথমটো মালায়ালম চেনেল [[ডিডি মালায়ালম|দূৰদৰ্শন মালায়ালম]] ১৯৮১ চনত এই চহৰৰপৰাই সম্প্ৰচাৰিত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Doordarshan Kendra, Thiruvananthapuram |url=https://www.ddktvm.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15&Itemid=28 |website=Doordarshan Kendra Trivandrum |publisher=Prasar Bharathi, Government of India |access-date=9 March 2018 |archive-date=13 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713223151/http://ddktvm.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15&Itemid=28 |url-status=dead |archivedate=13 July 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713223151/http://ddktvm.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15&Itemid=28 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> মালায়ালম ভাষাৰ প্ৰথমটো ব্যক্তিগত খণ্ডৰ চেনেল [[এছিয়ানেট (দূৰদৰ্শন কেন্দ্ৰ)|এছিয়ানেট]] ১৯৯৩ চনত চহৰখনৰপৰাই আৰম্ভ হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohandas |first1=Vandana |title=The world's his oyster |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/travel/141117/the-worlds-his-oyster.html |access-date=9 March 2018 |work=The Deccan Chronicles |date=14 November 2017}}</ref> চহৰখনত অৱস্থিত অন্যান্য মালায়ালম চেনেলসমূহৰ ভিতৰত এছিয়ানেট নিউজ, অমৃতা টিভি, কাপ্পা টিভি, কাইৰালী টিভি, কাইৰালী ৱি (WE TV), মাতৃভূমি নিউজ, কৌমুদী টিভি, জয়হিন্দ টিভি, নিউজ১৮ কেৰেলা আৰু পিপল টিভি অন্যতম।<ref name="medialist"/> এছিয়ানেট, জনম টিভি, জীৱন টিভি, মিডিয়াৱান টিভি আৰু মনোৰমা নিউজকে ধৰি কেৰেলাৰ সকলো প্ৰধান চেনেলৰ প্ৰযোজনা কেন্দ্ৰ বা কাৰ্যালয় এই চহৰত আছে।<ref name="medialist"/> এই টিভি চেনেলসমূহ কেবল টিভি, ডি.টি.এইচ. (DTH) বা আই.পি.টি.ভি. (IPTV) ৰ জৰিয়তে গ্ৰাহকসকলে চাব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite news |title=Competition Commission orders probe against Star India |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/competition-commission-orders-probe-against-star-india/article22331327.ece |access-date=9 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Anil |title=DDK Trivandrum ends analogue terrestrial TV transmission |url=https://keralaitnews.com/6385/ddk-trivandrum-ends-analogue-terrestrial-tv-transmission-goes-digital |access-date=9 March 2018 |agency=Kerala IT News |date=5 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309131119/https://keralaitnews.com/6385/ddk-trivandrum-ends-analogue-terrestrial-tv-transmission-goes-digital |archivedate=9 March 2018 |deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=BSNL launches IPTV in State |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/BSNL-launches-IPTV-in-State/article16562478.ece |access-date=9 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 March 2010}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমত উপলব্ধ প্ৰধান ডি.টি.এইচ. মনোৰঞ্জন সেৱাসমূহ হৈছে ছান ডাইৰেক্ট, ডিডি ডাইৰেক্ট+, ডিছ টিভি, এয়াৰটেল ডিজিটেল টিভি আৰু টাটা প্লে (Tata Play)। চহৰখনত উপলব্ধ প্ৰধান মালায়ালম বাতৰি কাকতসমূহ হৈছে— 'মাতৃভূমি', 'মালয়াল মনোৰমা', 'কেৰেলা কৌমুদী', 'দেশাভিমানী', 'মাধ্যামম', 'জন্মভূমি', 'চন্দ্ৰিকা', 'থেজাছ', 'চিৰাজ ডেইলী', 'দীপিকা' আৰু 'ৰাষ্ট্ৰ দীপিকা'। তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰপৰা প্ৰকাশিত ইংৰাজী বাতৰি কাকতসমূহ হৈছে— 'দ্য নিউ ইণ্ডিয়ান এক্সপ্ৰেছ', 'দ্য হিন্দু', 'দ্য ডেক্কান ক্ৰনিকল' আৰু 'দ্য টাইমছ অৱ ইণ্ডিয়া'।<ref name="medialist"/> ভাৰতৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় চৰকাৰী অনাতঁৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠান অল ইণ্ডিয়া ৰেডিঅ’ই (আকাশবাণী) চহৰখনত মিডিয়াম ৱেভ (Medium wave) আৰু চৰ্টৱেভ (Shortwave) কেন্দ্ৰ পৰিচালনা কৰে।<ref name="amradio">{{cite web |title=South Zone Region Services |url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Oppurtunities/Tenders/Documents/South%20Zone%20Regional%20Services%2016012018.pdf |website=All India Radio |publisher=Prasar Bharati, Government of India |access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About All India Radio Trivandrum |url=http://www.airtvm.com/about.pdf |website=All India Radio, Trivandrum |access-date=9 March 2018 |archive-date=17 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417044523/http://www.airtvm.com/about.pdf |url-status=dead |archivedate=17 April 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417044523/http://www.airtvm.com/about.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> আকাশবাণীৰ 'বিবিধ ভাৰতী'য়ে 'অনন্তপুৰী এফ.এম.' নামেৰে এটা এফ.এম. ৰেডিঅ’ কেন্দ্ৰও চলায়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Vividh Bharati FM Service |url=http://allindiaradio.gov.in/Oppurtunities/Tenders/Documents/VIVIDH%20BHARTI%2016012018.pdf |website=All India Radio |publisher=Prasar Bharati, Government of India |access-date=9 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ananthapuri FM looking for anchors |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/ananthapuri-fm-looking-for-anchors/article17591891.ece |access-date=9 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=23 March 2017}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰপৰা সম্প্ৰচাৰিত হোৱা অন্যান্য ব্যক্তিগত এফ.এম. চেনেলসমূহ হৈছে— বিগ এফ.এম. (Big FM 92.7 MHz),<ref name="radiolist"/> ক্লাব এফ.এম. (Club FM 94.3 MHz),<ref name="Club FM"/> ৰেডিঅ’ মিৰ্চি (Radio Mirchi 98.3 MHz),<ref name="Radio Mirchi Thiruvananthapuram"/> ৰেড এফ.এম. (Red FM 93.5 MHz)<ref name="radiolist"/> আৰু ৰেডিঅ’ ডি.চি. (Radio DC 90.4 MHz)।<ref name="Radio DC Thiruvananthapuram">{{cite web |title=Radio DC Thiruvananthapuram |url=http://radiodcfm.com/ |publisher=Radio DC |access-date=9 March 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> == ক্ৰীড়া == [[File:Greenfield International Stadium Kerala 2.jpg|200px|left|thumb|ভাৰত বনাম নিউজিলেণ্ডৰ টি-২০ খেলৰ সময়ত ক্ৰীড়া কেন্দ্ৰ (গ্ৰীনফিল্ড ষ্টেডিয়াম)]] {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | image1 = Chandrashekaran nair stadium kerala.jpg | caption1 = চন্দ্ৰশেখৰন নায়াৰ ষ্টেডিয়ামত অনুষ্ঠিত এখন ফুটবল খেল | image2 = BAI-U19-Ranking2016.jpg | caption2 = টছ (TOSS) একাডেমীত বেডমিণ্টন খেল }} তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ আটাইতকৈ জনপ্ৰিয় খেল হৈছে [[ক্ৰীড়া|ক্ৰীকেট]] আৰু [[ফুটবল]]. চহৰখনে ১৯৮৪ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ষ্টেডিয়ামত কেৰেলাৰ প্ৰথমখন আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট খেল আয়োজন কৰিছিল।<ref name="1stodi">{{cite news |last1=K |first1=Krishnachand |title=Thiruvananthapuram all set for T20 international cricket match |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/nov/06/thiruvananthapuram-all-set-for-t20-international-cricket-match-1692992.html |access-date=10 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=6 November 2017}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি চহৰখনে কেৰেলাৰ প্ৰথমখন টি-২০ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰিকেট খেলো আয়োজন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news |title=TVPM to host India-NZ T20 on November 7 |url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/sports/cricket/2017/08/03/kerala-thiruvananthapuram-host-india-nz-t20-november.html |access-date=10 March 2018 |work=Malayala Manorama |date=3 August 2017}}</ref> কেৰেলা ক্ৰিকেট সংস্থা (KCA) ৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমতে অৱস্থিত।<ref>{{cite web |title=Contact us |url=http://www.keralacricketassociation.com/ |website=Kerala Cricket Association |publisher=KCA |access-date=10 March 2018}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ একাংশ প্ৰখ্যাত ক্ৰিকেটাৰ হ’ল— [[চেঞ্জু ছেমছন]], ৰাইফি গোমেছ, ৰিয়ান নিনান, অনিল নাম্বিয়াৰ, কে. এন. অনন্তপদ্মনাভন, ৰোহন প্ৰেম, উদিৰামালা সুব্ৰহ্মণ্যম, পি. এম. কে. মোহন্দাস, ভাস্কৰ পিল্লাই, আশা শোভনা আৰু পদ্মনাভন প্ৰশান্ত। স্পৰ্টছ হাব (The Sports Hub), বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ষ্টেডিয়াম,<ref>{{cite web |title=University Stadium |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58479.html |website=ESPN cricinfo |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> [[ছেণ্ট জেভিয়াৰ্ছ কলেজ খেলপথাৰ]],<ref>{{cite web |title=St Xavier's College Ground, Thumba |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/1053905.html |website=ESPN cricinfo |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> কে.চি.এ. ক্ৰিকেট ষ্টেডিয়াম মংগলাপুৰম,<ref>{{cite web |title=KCA Cricket Stadium – Mangalapuram |url=http://www.keralacricketassociation.com/kca-cricket-stadium-mangalapuram |website=KCA Website |publisher=Kerala Cricket Association |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> চিকিৎসা মহাবিদ্যালয় খেলপথাৰ<ref>{{cite web |title=Medical College Ground Profile |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Grounds/14/1237.html |website=Cricketarchive |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> আৰু ভেল্লায়নী কৃষি মহাবিদ্যালয় খেলপথাৰ চহৰখনৰ প্ৰধান ক্ৰিকেট খেলপথাৰ।<ref>{{cite web |title=Vellyani Agricultural College Ground |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/58481.html |website=ESPN cricinfo |access-date=28 March 2018}}</ref> সাধাৰণতে গ্ৰীনফিল্ড ষ্টেডিয়াম নামেৰে জনাজাত 'দ্য স্পৰ্টছ হাব, ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম' হৈছে ভাৰতৰ অন্যতম বৃহৎ ক্ৰিকেট আৰু ফুটবল ষ্টেডিয়াম।<ref name=grnfld>{{cite news |title=Greenfield Stadium Touching New Heights |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2015/jun/12/greenfield-stadium-touching-new-heights-754477.html |access-date=10 March 2018 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=12 June 2015}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমে গ্ৰীনফিল্ড ষ্টেডিয়ামত ২০১৫ চাফ চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ আয়োজন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mohanarangan |first1=Vinayakk |title=SAFF Cup final, as it happened: Chhetri the match-winner as India reclaim title from Afghans |url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/saff-cup-final-india-vs-afghanistan-live-can-sunil-chhetri-and-co-halt-a-rampaging-afghan-side-2569120.html |access-date=10 March 2018 |work=Firstpost |date=3 January 2016}}</ref> এছ.বি.আই. কেৰেলা (SBI Kerala), টাইটানিয়াম এফ.চি. (Titanium FC), কে.এছ.ই.বি. (KSEB), কোভালাম এফ.চি. আৰু ট্ৰাভাংকোৰ ৰয়েলছ এফ.চি. হৈছে তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমৰ প্ৰধান ফুটবল ক্লাব।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chandran |first1=M.R. Praveen |title=Titanium football club to turn professional; plans to establish fan club |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-sports/titanium-football-club-to-turn-professional-plans-to-establish-fan-club/article7533034.ece |access-date=10 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chandran |first1=M.R. Praveen |title=Back in the game: Kerala Blasters and the second football revolution in Kerala |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/back-in-the-game-football-in-kerala/article22716585.ece |access-date=10 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=11 February 2018}}</ref> সাধাৰণতে গ্ৰীনফিল্ড আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়াম, চন্দ্ৰশেখৰন নায়াৰ ষ্টেডিয়াম আৰু বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ষ্টেডিয়ামত ফুটবল খেলসমূহ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref>{{cite news |title=Chirag United holds Salgaocar |url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/chirag-united-holds-salgaocar/article2684728.ece |access-date=28 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=3 December 2011}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ এজন অন্যতম প্ৰখ্যাত ফুটবল খেলুৱৈ হৈছে জবী জাষ্টিন। চহৰখনত প্ৰায় সকলো ধৰণৰ ক্ৰীড়া অনুষ্ঠান আয়োজন কৰাৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজনীয় সা-সুবিধা আছে।<ref name=tvmsports>{{cite news |last1=M |first1=Athira |title=Come and play |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/check-out-worldclass-sporting-facilities-in-thiruvananthapuram/article8537094.ece |access-date=28 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=29 April 2016}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম ২০১৫ চনৰ ভাৰতৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ক্ৰীড়াৰ অন্যতম প্ৰধান আয়োজক চহৰ আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Venues |url=http://www.kerala2015.com/kerala2015/venues/ |website=2015 National Games of India |access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref> এথলেটিকছ প্ৰতিযোগিতাসমূহ সাধাৰণতে বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ষ্টেডিয়াম, চন্দ্ৰশেখৰন নায়াৰ ষ্টেডিয়াম আৰু কেন্দ্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়ামত অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=University Stadium |url=http://www.kerala2015.com/venues/university-stadium/ |website=National Games Kerala 2015 |publisher=35th National Games – Kerala 2015 |access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref> চন্দ্ৰশেখৰন নায়াৰ ষ্টেডিয়ামৰ তলত আৰক্ষীৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত এটা ইনড’ৰ চুইমিং পুল 'এলবাট্ৰছ চুইমিং পুল' (Albatros Swimming Pool) আছে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2026 |title=Albatros Pool - Indoor swimming pool |url=https://yappe.in/kerala/thiruvananthapuram/albatros-pool/340963 |access-date=14 February 2026 |website=Yappe}}</ref> 'ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম মাৰাথক’ন' হৈছে ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম ৰানাৰ্ছ ক্লাবৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰতি বছৰে আয়োজন কৰা এক [[মাৰাথক’ন]] প্ৰতিযোগিতা।<ref>{{cite news |last1=V N |first1=Aswin |title=First-ever midnight marathon in Kerala |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/first-ever-midnight-marathon-in-kerala/article21310110.ece |access-date=27 March 2018 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=8 December 2017}}</ref> ইয়াত দুটা প্ৰধান দৌৰ প্ৰতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়: ২১ কিলোমিটাৰৰ অৰ্ধ মাৰাথক’ন আৰু ৪২.১৯ কিলোমিটাৰৰ পূৰ্ণ মাৰাথক’ন। সৰ্বসাধাৰণৰ অংশগ্ৰহণৰ বাবে এটা বিশেষ ২ কিলোমিটাৰৰ ধেমেলীয়া দৌৰৰো (fun run) আয়োজন কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news |title=Trivandrum Marathon on December 9 midnight |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/trivandrum-marathon-on-december-9-midnight/articleshow/61937083.cms |access-date=27 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=6 December 2017}}</ref> চহৰখনত প্ৰতি বছৰে জানুৱাৰী মাহত অনুষ্ঠিত হোৱা আন এক মাৰাথক’ন হৈছে 'ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰ ৰান' (Trivand Run)।<ref>{{cite news |title=Run to raise funds for cancer treatment |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2018/jan/07/run-to-raise-funds-for-cancer-treatment-1747243.html |access-date=27 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=8 January 2018}}</ref> জিমি জৰ্জ ইনড’ৰ ষ্টেডিয়াম হৈছে ৰাজ্যখনৰ এটা অন্যতম প্ৰধান ইনড’ৰ ষ্টেডিয়াম। ইয়াক [[বাষ্কেটবল]], [[ভলীবল]], [[টেবুল টেনিছ]], [[জিমনাষ্টিকছ]], জলক্ৰীড়া (aquatics) আৰু যুদ্ধ কলা (martial arts) প্ৰতিযোগিতা পৰিচালনাৰ বাবে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref name=tvmsports/> <ref name=tvmsports/> এই ষ্টেডিয়ামখনত দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰ প্ৰথমটো উচ্চতা-অনুকৰণকাৰী প্ৰশিক্ষণ কেন্দ্ৰ (altitude-simulated training facility) আছে, যাৰ নাম 'এষ্ট্ৰা' (Astra)।<ref>{{cite web |title=Astra |url=http://www.sportskerala.org/astra |website=Sports Kerala |access-date=28 March 2018 |archive-date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231642/http://www.sportskerala.org/astra |url-status=dead |archivedate=28 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328231642/http://www.sportskerala.org/astra |deadurl=yes }}</ref> চহৰখনৰ প্ৰধান ক্ৰীড়া প্ৰশিক্ষণ আৰু প্ৰশিক্ষক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহৰ ভিতৰত [[লক্ষ্মীবাঈ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় শাৰীৰিক শিক্ষা মহাবিদ্যালয়]] (LNCPE), টছ (TOSS) একাডেমী আৰু ক্ৰীড়া কেন্দ্ৰত থকা টেনভিক ক্ৰীড়া প্ৰশিক্ষণ একাডেমী (Tenvic Sports Coaching Academy) অন্যতম।<ref>{{cite news |title=Junior badminton league on July 30 at Greenfield |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/jul/25/junior-badminton-league-on-july-30-at-greenfield-1633002.html |access-date=28 March 2018 |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=25 July 2017}}</ref> বাষ্কেটবল প্ৰতিযোগিতাসমূহ সাধাৰণতে চহৰখনৰ বিদ্যালয়সমূহৰদ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত হয়।<ref>{{cite news |title=Kazhakootam Sainik School wins basketball tournament |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/oct/30/kazhakootam-sainik-school-wins-basketball-tournament-1686665.html |access-date=27 March 2018 |newspaper=The Times of India |date=30 October 2017}}</ref> তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰমে বাত্তিয়ুৰকাভু শ্বুটিং ৰেঞ্জত ৬১সংখ্যক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় শ্বুটিং চেম্পিয়নশ্বিপ আয়োজন কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Information of NSF |url=http://www.thenrai.in/About_us.aspx?link=6 |website=The National Rifle Association of India |access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref> চহৰখনৰ সাগৰীয় তীৰ বা বিচসমূহত ছাৰ্ফিং (Surfing) এবিধ অতি জনপ্ৰিয় খেল। ইয়াত বহুতো ছাৰ্ফিং আৰু ষ্টেণ্ডআপ পেডলব’ৰ্ডিং (standup paddleboarding) প্ৰতিযোগিতা অনুষ্ঠিত হয়।<ref>{{cite news |title=National surfing contest begins at Kovalam |url=https://thehindu.com |access-date=27 March 2018 |work=The Hindu Businessline |date=3 May 2013}}</ref> ছাৰ্ফিং প্ৰতিযোগিতাসমূহ সাধাৰণতে [[কোভালাম সাগৰীয় তীৰ|কোভালাম বিচ]] আৰু [[ভাৰকলা সাগৰীয় তীৰ|ভাৰকলা বিচ]]ত অনুষ্ঠিত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Kovalam Surf Club: No school, no surfing |url=http://www.kovalamsurfclub.com/ |website=Kovalam Surf Club |access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref> পেৰাগ্লাইডিং (Paragliding) হৈছে চহৰখনৰ আন এবিধ [[সাহসিক ক্ৰীড়া|দুঃসাহসিক খেল]] (adventure sport), যাৰ দৃশ্য সাধাৰণতে ভাৰকলা বিচত দেখিবলৈ পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{cite news |title=5 Exquisite Places for your Next Solo Trip to South India! |url=https://www.news18.com/news/indiwo/travel-indiwo-5-exquisite-places-for-your-next-solo-trip-to-south-india-1677007.html |access-date=28 March 2018 |work=News 18 |date=2 March 2018}}</ref> ১৮৫০ চনত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা [[তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম গল্ফ ক্লাব|আকাশবাণী ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম গল্ফ ক্লাব]] ভাৰতৰ আটাইতকৈ পুৰণি গল্ফ খেলপথাৰসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম।<ref name=saigolf>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://saitrivandrumgolfclub.com/history/ |website=SAI Trivandrum Golf Club |publisher=Sports Authority of India |access-date=27 March 2018 |archive-date=27 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327094911/http://saitrivandrumgolfclub.com/history/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=27 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327094911/http://saitrivandrumgolfclub.com/history/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> এই খেলপথাৰখন বৰ্তমান [[ভাৰতীয় ক্ৰীড়া প্ৰাধিকৰণ]]ক লীজত দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name=saigolf/> {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+ চহৰখনৰ বৃত্তিপৰ্যায়ৰ ক্ৰীড়া ক্লাবসমূহ |- ! ক্লাব!! ক্ৰীড়া!! লীগ!! খেলপথাৰ!! প্ৰতিষ্ঠা বৰ্ষ |- | ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম টাছকাৰ্ছ || ক্ৰিকেট || এছ.ই. প্ৰিমিয়াৰ লীগ || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়াম || ২০১৬ |- | ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম ৰয়েলছ || ক্ৰিকেট || কেৰেলা প্ৰিমিয়াৰ লীগ || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ষ্টেডিয়াম || ২০১৫ |- | তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম কম্বানছ এফ.চি. || ফুটবল || ছুপাৰ কেৰেলা লীগ || চন্দ্ৰশেখৰন নায়াৰ ষ্টেডিয়াম || ২০২৪ |- | কোভালাম এফ.চি. || ফুটবল || কেৰেলা প্ৰিমিয়াৰ লীগ || কোভালাম খেলপথাৰ || ২০১০ |} == প্ৰতিৰক্ষা আৰু সুৰক্ষা বাহিনী == {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="font-size:85%; width:80%; " |+ ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমৰ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা আৰু সুৰক্ষা বাহিনীসমূহ |- ! বাহিনী!! বিৱৰণ!! স্থান |- | মেৰিটাইম থিয়েটাৰ কমাণ্ড [[File:Logo of the Indian Armed Forces.svg|35px]]|| প্ৰস্তাৱিত মেৰিটাইম থিয়েটাৰ কমাণ্ডৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমত স্থাপন কৰা হ’ব। এই কমাণ্ডে [[ভাৰতীয় নৌসেনা]], [[ভাৰতীয় বায়ুসেনা]], আৰু [[ভাৰতীয় সেনা]]ৰ সমলসমূহক একত্ৰিত কৰিব। ইয়াৰ উদ্দেশ্য হৈছে সন্মিলিত সামুদ্ৰিক কাৰ্যসূচী উন্নত কৰা আৰু ভাৰত মহাসাগৰীয় অঞ্চলত ভাৰতৰ নিৰাপত্তা সুদৃঢ় কৰা। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/talks-ongoing-over-setting-up-integrated-theatre-commands-vice-admiral/articleshow/125725465.cms | title=Talks ongoing over setting up integrated theatre commands: Vice Admiral | publisher=The Times of India }}</ref> |- | [[ভাৰতীয় সেনা]] [[File:Indian Army Insignia circular.png|30px]] || ভাৰতীয় সেনাৰ ৪০সংখ্যক ব্ৰিগেডৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমত অৱস্থিত। এই ব্ৰিগেডে কেৰেলা আৰু তামিলনাডুৰ প্ৰতিৰক্ষা কাৰ্যসূচী আৰু সুৰক্ষা ব্যৱস্থা নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰে। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2024/Apr/23/lieutenant-general-a-k-singh-visits-pangode-military-station | title=Lieutenant General a K Singh visits Pangode Military Station | date=23 April 2024 }}</ref> |- | [[ভাৰতীয় বায়ুসেনা]] [[File:IAF Emblem.svg|30px]] || ভাৰতীয় বায়ুসেনা (IAF) ৰ [[দাক্ষিণাত্য বায়ু কমাণ্ড]] (SAC) ৰ মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমত অৱস্থিত। ভাৰত মহাসাগৰৰ আকাশমাৰ্গত ভাৰতৰ উপস্থিতি শক্তিশালী কৰিবলৈ ১৯৮৪ চনৰ ১৯ জুলাইত ইয়াক প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হৈছিল। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম |- | [[ভাৰতীয় নৌসেনা]] [[File:Indian Navy Insignia (2022).svg|30px]] || ভাৰতীয় নৌসেনাই ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমত এটা কৌশলগত কেন্দ্ৰ স্থাপন কৰিবলৈ লৈছে। উপকূলীয় নিৰাপত্তা বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে ইয়াত এটা নৌ-যুদ্ধস্ত্ৰ ভাণ্ডাৰ (Naval Armament Depot) আৰু নৌ-যোগাযোগ কেন্দ্ৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হ’ব। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/navy-to-set-up-strategic-centre-in-state-capital/articleshow/63586827.cms | title=Navy to set up strategic centre in Thiruvananthapuram | work=The Times of India | date=3 April 2018 }}</ref> |- | [[সীমা সুৰক্ষা বল]] (BSF) [[File:BSF Insignia.svg|30px]] || বি.এছ.এফ. ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমৰ ছেক্টৰ হেডকুৱাৰ্টাৰ (SHQ) মুত্তথৰাত অৱস্থিত। আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰৰ ওচৰত থকা এই কেন্দ্ৰটোৱে এই অঞ্চলৰ বি.ছ.এফ.ৰ কাৰ্যাৱলী তদাৰক কৰে। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bsf.gov.in/contact-us.html | title=Contact Us | 3=Border Security Force | access-date=30 March 2025 | archive-date=5 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505215741/https://www.bsf.gov.in/contact-us.html | url-status=dead | archivedate=5 May 2024 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505215741/https://www.bsf.gov.in/contact-us.html | deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- | [[কেন্দ্ৰীয় ৰিজাৰ্ভ আৰক্ষী বল]] (CRPF) [[File:CRPF Logo.svg|30px]] || চি.আৰ.পি.এফ.ৰ কেৰেলা ছেক্টৰ হেডকুৱাৰ্টাৰ আৰু ১৬৪সংখ্যক বেটেলিয়ান ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমত নিয়োজিত হৈ আছে। এই গোটটো চহৰখনৰ আইন-শৃংখলা ৰক্ষাৰ বাবে দায়বদ্ধ। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/vinod-karthik-is-dig-crpf-pallipuram/article65644844.ece | title=Vinod Karthik is DIG, CRPF, Pallipuram | work=The Hindu | date=15 July 2022 }}</ref> |- | [[ভাৰতীয় উপকূলৰক্ষী বাহিনী]] [[File:Indian Coast Guard Logo.svg|25px]] || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমত থকা ভাৰতীয় উপকূলৰক্ষী বাহিনীৰ কেন্দ্ৰটো উপকূলীয় সুৰক্ষা, তদাৰকী আৰু সামুদ্ৰিক কাৰ্যসূচীৰ বাবে দায়বদ্ধ। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/coast-guards-berth-at-vizhinjam-by-march-end/articleshow/117959382.cms | title=Coast Guard's berth at Vizhinjam by March-end | work=The Times of India | date=6 February 2025 }}</ref> |- | [[কেন্দ্ৰীয় ঔদ্যোগিক নিৰাপত্তা বল]] (CISF) [[File:CISF LOGO.svg|25px]] || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমৰ চি.আই.এছ.এফ. গোটে গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহৰ নিৰাপত্তা সুনিশ্চিত কৰে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় বিমানবন্দৰ, বিক্ৰম সাৰাভাই মহাকাশ কেন্দ্ৰ (VSSC), আৰু লিকুইড প্ৰপালচন চিষ্টেমছ চেণ্টাৰ (LPSC) অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cisf.gov.in/cisfeng/contact_us/ | title=Contact_us | CISF|website=Cisf.gov.in }}</ref> |- | [[সশস্ত্ৰ সীমা বল]] [[File:Sashastra Seema Bal.svg|30px]] || গৃহ পৰিক্ৰমা মন্ত্ৰ্যালয়ৰ অধীনস্থ কেন্দ্ৰীয় সশস্ত্ৰ আৰক্ষী বল 'সশস্ত্ৰ সীমা বল' (SSB) ৰ এটা বেটেলিয়ান মুখ্য কাৰ্যালয় ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰমত স্থাপন কৰাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ কৰা হৈছে। দক্ষিণ ভাৰতত সুৰক্ষা আন্তঃগাঁথনি শক্তিশালী কৰিবলৈ এক বৃহৎ সামৰিক সম্প্ৰসাৰণৰ অংশ হিচাপে এই পদক্ষেপ লোৱা হৈছে। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/thiruvananthapuram-set-to-witness-major-defence-expansion/articleshow/125751334.cms | title=Thiruvananthapuram set to witness major defence expansion | newspaper=The Times of India }}</ref> |- | কেৰেলা ৰাজ্যিক ঔদ্যোগিক নিৰাপত্তা বল (KSISF) || কে.এছ.আই.এছ.এফ. হৈছে এক ৰাজ্যিক সংস্থা। ই গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ঔদ্যোগিক আৰু আন্তঃগাঁথনি প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহৰ নিৰাপত্তাৰ দায়িত্ব পালন কৰে। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{Cite web | title=State Industrial Security Force | url=https://sisf.keralapolice.gov.in/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606101758/http://www.sisf.keralapolice.gov.in/ | access-date=2025-05-24 | archive-date=2017-06-06 | archivedate=2017-06-06 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606101758/http://www.sisf.keralapolice.gov.in/ | deadurl=yes }}</ref> |- | [[কেৰেলা আৰক্ষী]] [[File:Flag of Kerala Police.svg|30px]] || তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম চহৰ আৰক্ষী কমিছনাৰেট ইয়াৰ মূল কাৰ্যালয়, যিয়ে সমগ্ৰ চহৰখনৰ আইন প্ৰয়োগকাৰী ব্যৱস্থা পৰিচালনা কৰে। || ত্ৰিবান্দ্ৰম<ref>{{cite web | url=https://keralapolice.gov.in/page/state-police-head-quarter | title=Official Website of Kerala Police - State Police Head Quarter|website=Keralapolice.gov.in }}</ref> |} == তথ‍্য উৎস == {{Reflist}} == অধিক পঢ়ক == * {{cite book |title=The Indian encyclopaedia: biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific. Archery-Banog, Volume 2 |year=2002 |publisher=Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. |page=7063 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Ukyp-gbtHcC&pg=PA7063 |isbn=9788177552577}} * {{cite book |title=Heritage of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram |publisher=Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Kerala, 2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Gudm1iW78C&q=thiruvananthapuram |access-date=28 March 2018 |year=2008}} == বহিঃসংযোগ == {{Sister project links|Thiruvananthapuram|voy=Thiruvananthapuram}} * [http://www.trivandrum.gov.in/ চৰকাৰী জিলা ৱেবছাইট] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815102009/http://www.trivandrum.gov.in/ |date=15 August 2019 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051109191835/http://www.tvm.kerala.gov.in/home.htm তিৰুৱনন্তপুৰম জিলাৰ সন্দৰ্ভত কেৰেলা চৰকাৰৰ ৱেবছাইট] [[শ্ৰেণী:কেৰালা]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ নগৰ মহানগৰ]] 3xow2m402xozxigo0bkidncny4ppe14 0 138593 646169 639617 2026-10-20T01:30:15Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|River in Kerala, India}} {{Infobox river | name = চালাকুডী নদী | native_name = {{native name|ml|ചാലക്കുടി പുഴ}} | other_name = | etymology = <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP --> | image = Chalakudy River bank on a summer sunrise.jpg | image_size = 250 | image_caption = গ্ৰীষ্মকালীন সূৰ্য্য উদয়ৰ সময়ত চালাকুডী নদীৰ পাৰ | map = Chalakudy_River_Basin_Map.jpg | map_size = | map_caption = Chalakudy River Basin Map | pushpin_map = | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_caption = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = [[India]] | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = [[Kerala]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = City | subdivision_name5 = Chalakudy town <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> | length = {{convert|145.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location = [[mouth]] | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = {{convert|52|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> | source1 = [[Anamalai Hills]] | source1_location = Kerala/Tamil Nadu Border, [[India]] | source1_coordinates = {{coord|10.3666|N|77.125|E|format=dms|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1250|m|abbr=on}} | mouth =পেৰিয়াৰ নদী | mouth_location = Puthanvelikkara, Kerala, [[India]] | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|10.162224|N|76.26558|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|1704|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = Karappara River, Kuriarkutty Aar, Peruvarippallam Aar, Thunacadavu Aar, Sholayar River | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} '''চালাকুডী নদী বা চালাকুডী পুঝা ({{lang-en|Chalakudy River''' or '''Chalakudy Puzha}}) ''' কেৰালা, ভাৰতৰ পঞ্চম দীঘল নদী। এই নদীখন কেৰালাৰ থ্ৰিছুৰ, পালাক্কাড আৰু এৰ্ণাকুলাম জিলাৰ মাজেৰে বৈ গৈছে। নদীখনৰ মুঠ জলনিৰ্গমন (drainage) অঞ্চল ১,৭০৪ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ। ইয়াৰে ১,৪০৪ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ [[কেৰালা]]ত আৰু বাকী অংশ [[তামিলনাডু]]ত অৱস্থিত। নদীখনৰ মুঠ দৈৰ্ঘ্য ১৪৫.৫ কিলোমিটাৰ। <ref>Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences (TIES) https://www.ties.org.in PDF MY RIVER MY LIFE </ref>ভূ-তাত্ত্বিক দৃষ্টিকোণৰপৰা চালাকুড়ি নদীখন পেৰিয়াৰ নদীৰ এখন উপনদী। কিন্তু ব্যাৱহাৰিকভাৱে কেৰালা চৰকাৰ আৰু অন্যান্য সংস্থাই ইয়াক এখন স্বতন্ত্ৰ নদী হিচাপে গণ্য কৰে। নদীখনৰ নাম চালাকুডী চহৰৰ নামেৰে নামকৰণ কৰা হৈছে, কিয়নো নদীখন চালাকুডী চহৰৰ কাষেৰে বৈ গৈছে আৰু এই চহৰখন নদীখনৰ গতিপথৰ কাষৰ অন্যতম প্ৰধান জনবসতি। সীমিতসংখ্যক উদ্যোগ আৰু নদীখনৰ আশে-পাশে আৱৰ্জনা নিষ্কাশনৰ পৰিমাণ তুলনামূলকভাৱে কম হোৱাৰ বাবে চালাকুডী নদীক কেৰালা তথা ভাৰতৰ অন্যতম কম প্ৰদূষিত আৰু প্ৰাকৃতিকভাৱে সংৰক্ষিত নদী বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। ২০১৮ চনৰ কেৰালা বানপানীৰ সময়ত চালাকুডী নদী আৰু ইয়াৰ অৱবাহিকা অঞ্চলসমূহ ৰাজ্যখনৰ আটাইতকৈ বেছি ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত নদী অঞ্চলসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/purl/98/Dyuthi-T0237.pdf |title=Studies on the nature and chemistry of sediments and water of Periyar and Chalakudy Rivers, Kerala, India by Maya K. |access-date=2005-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705052926/https://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/purl/98/Dyuthi-T0237.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2017 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2017-07-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705052926/https://dyuthi.cusat.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/purl/98/Dyuthi-T0237.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==উৎপত্তি== যদিও চালাকুডী নদীৰ উৎপত্তি [[তামিলনাডু]]ৰ আনামালাই অঞ্চলত,<ref>Springer Nature Link https://link.springer.com Implication of drainage basin parameters of a tropical river ... </ref> প্ৰকৃততে ই কেৰালাৰ পৰাম্বিকুলাম, কুৰিয়াৰকুট্টি, শোলায়াৰ, কাৰাপাৰা আৰু আনাকায়াম অঞ্চলৰপৰা উৎপত্তি হোৱা কেইবাখনো প্ৰধান উপনৈৰ সমষ্টিৰে গঠিত। ==নদীৰ পাৰৰ গছ-গছনি== [[File:The Manjakoori (Sun Catfish) from the Chalakudy River, Kerala.jpg|thumb|left|ছান কেটফিছ, যাক মাঞ্জাকুৰী (Horabagrus brachysoma) নামেৰেও জনা যায়। এই মাছ চালাকুডী নদীত ব্যাপকভাৱে পোৱা যায়। ]] চালাকুডী নদী [[কেৰালা]]ৰ অতি কমসংখ্যক নদীৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম, য’ত এতিয়াও যথেষ্ট পৰিমাণে নদীপাৰীয় উদ্ভিদজগতৰ (riparian vegetation) অৱশেষ সংৰক্ষিত হৈ আছে। এই নদীৰ বাবে অন্যতম প্ৰধান ভাবুকি হৈছে জলাধাৰ নিৰ্মাণৰ ফলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা জলমগ্নতা।<ref>Amitha Bachan K.H. and Devika M.A. 2020. Impact of Dams on Riparian Vegetation: A case study in the Chalakkudy River, Western Ghats, India. Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries (8) 7-13. http://keralamarinelife.in/Journals/Vol8-S/2-Bachan&Devika.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222114028/http://keralamarinelife.in/Journals/Vol8-S/2-Bachan%26Devika.pdf |date=2022-02-22 }}</ref> লক্ষ্ণৌস্থিত ''নেচনেল ব্যুৰো অৱ ফিছ জেনেটিক ৰিছৰ্ছ'' (National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources)ৰ বাৰ্ষিক প্ৰতিৱেদনত উল্লেখ কৰা মতে, চালাকুডী নদী সম্ভৱতঃ ভাৰতৰ মাছৰ বৈচিত্ৰ্যৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত আটাইতকৈ সমৃদ্ধ নদীসমূহৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম। চালাকুডী নদীৰ দাঁতিকাষৰীয়া অৰণ্যৰ অধ্যয়নত দেখা গৈছে যে পেৰিঙ্গালকুথৰপৰা তললৈ ১০.৫ কিলোমিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত নদীৰ দুয়োপাৰে ১০ মিটাৰতকৈ অধিক প্ৰস্থৰ ঘন নদীৰ কাষত উদ্ভিদ আৱৰণ আছে। ইয়াৰ মুঠ ক্ষেত্ৰফল প্ৰায় ৫৮.৫ হেক্টৰ। ইয়াৰে ২৬.৪ হেক্টৰ ভাঝাচাল অঞ্চলত অৱস্থিত। এই অঞ্চলৰ ভিতৰত নদীৰ কাষত অৰণ্যৰে ঘনভাৱে আবৃত তিনিটা বৃহৎ দ্বীপো আছে। এই অঞ্চলৰ নদী কাষৰ অৰণ্যত সাধাৰণ নদীপৰীয়া উদ্ভিদৰ লগতে চিৰসেউজ আৰু অৰ্ধ-চিৰসেউজ উদ্ভিদৰ প্ৰজাতিও পোৱা যায়।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/07/stories/2004090708430400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040927072600/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/07/stories/2004090708430400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-09-27 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Riparian vegetation under threat |date=2004-09-07 |access-date=2012-08-02 |archivedate=2004-09-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040927072600/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/07/stories/2004090708430400.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> অধ্যয়ন কৰা অঞ্চলটোত চিনাক্ত কৰা মুঠ ৩১৯বিধ ফুলধৰা উদ্ভিদৰ প্ৰজাতিৰ ভিতৰত ২৪টা পশ্চিমঘাটৰ স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতি আৰু ১০টা বিৰল তথা বিপন্ন প্ৰজাতি আছে। এই সমৃদ্ধ উদ্ভিদ আৰু মাছৰ বৈচিত্ৰ্যই চালাকুড়ি নদীৰ পৰিৱেশগত আৰু জৈৱ-বৈচিত্ৰ্যগত গুৰুত্ব বিশেষভাৱে প্ৰকাশ কৰে। ==জৈৱ-বৈচিত্ৰ্য== [[File:Chalakudy River anticipating the monsoons.jpg|thumb|বৰ্ষাকালৰ আগমনৰ অপেক্ষাত চালাকুডী নদী ]] চালাকুডী নদী ইয়াৰ সমৃদ্ধ জলজ জৈৱ-বৈচিত্ৰ্যৰ বাবে বিশেষভাৱে পৰিচিত। [[কেৰালা]]ত পোৱা মুঠ ১৫২টা মিথাপানীৰ মাছৰ প্ৰজাতিৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰায় ৯৮টা প্ৰজাতি চালাকুডী নদীত পোৱা যায়। <ref name=Ajithkumar1999>Ajithkumar, C.R., K.R. Devi, and K.R. Thomas (1999). ''Fish fauna, abundance and distribution in Chalakudy river system, Kerala.'' Journal of the Bombay Natural.</ref> ইয়াৰে ৩৫টা প্ৰজাতি পশ্চিমঘাটৰ স্থানীয় প্ৰজাতি। আনহাতে, ৩১টা প্ৰজাতি বিভিন্ন পৰ্যায়ত বিপন্ন অৱস্থাত আছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত ১১টা প্ৰজাতি সংকটাপন্ন, ১৬টা বিপন্ন আৰু ৪টা অতি সংকটাপন্ন হিচাপে শ্ৰেণীবদ্ধ কৰা হৈছে। এই মাছৰ প্ৰজাতিসমূহৰ অস্তিত্বৰ প্ৰতি বিভিন্ন মানৱসৃষ্ট কাৰকে ভাবুকি কঢ়িয়াই আনিছে। একুৰিয়াম মাছৰ ব্যৱসায়ৰ বাবে অনিয়ন্ত্ৰিতভাৱে মাছ সংগ্ৰহ, অত্যধিক মাছ ধৰা, জলদূষণ, নদীত বান্ধ নিৰ্মাণ আৰু বহিৰাগত মাছৰ প্ৰজাতিৰ প্ৰৱেশ ইয়াৰ প্ৰধান কাৰণসমূহৰ ভিতৰত উল্লেখযোগ্য। লক্ষ্ণৌস্থিত ''নেচনেল ব্যুৰো অৱ ফিছ জেনেটিক ৰিছৰ্ছ'' (National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources) ৰ এক প্ৰতিৱেদন অনুসৰি, নদীখনৰ দুয়োপাৰে থকা ঘন উদ্ভিদ আৰু সমৃদ্ধ জলজ পৰিৱেশৰ বাবে চালাকুডী নদী ভাৰতৰ মাছৰ জৈৱ-বৈচিত্ৰ্যৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত অন্যতম সমৃদ্ধ নদী হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হ'ব পাৰে।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/article2656330.ece |title=The seven faces of a river |work=The Hindu |access-date=2011-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129015638/http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/article2656330.ece |archive-date=29 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129015638/http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/travel/article2656330.ece |archivedate=2012-01-29 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> নদীখনত পোৱা মাছৰ প্ৰজাতিৰ ভিতৰত ''চাইপ্ৰিনিডে'' প্ৰজাতিৰ আটাইতকৈ অধিক বৈচিত্ৰ্যপূৰ্ণ। ইয়াৰ পিছত ''বাগ্ৰিডে'' প্ৰজাতিৰ কেটফিছ আৰু ''হিলষ্ট্ৰিম লোচ''ৰ প্ৰজাতিসমূহৰ স্থান। <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Horabagrus | species = nigricollaris | month = September | year = 2016}}</ref><ref>{{FishBase | genus = Sahyadria | species = chalakkudiensis | month = September | year = 2016}}</ref> চালাকুডী নদীৰ উল্লেখযোগ্য স্থানীয় মাছৰ ভিতৰত ''হোৰাবাগ্ৰাছ নিগ্ৰিকোলাৰিছ'' (Horabagrus nigricollaris) আৰু ''সহ্যাড্ৰিয়া চালাক্কুডিয়েন্সিছ ''(Sahyadria chalakkudiensis) অন্যতম। এই দুয়োটা প্ৰজাতি চালাকুডী নদীৰ সৈতে বিশেষভাৱে জড়িত আৰু নদীখনৰ অনন্য জলজ জৈৱ-বৈচিত্ৰ্যৰ গুৰুত্ব প্ৰকাশ কৰে। ==জলপ্ৰপাত== [[File:The View of the sunrise over the Chalakudy River from Vettilapara Bridge.jpg|thumb| ভেটিলাপাৰা দলঙৰপৰা চলিকুডী নদীৰ ওপৰত সূৰ্য্য উদয়ৰ দৃশ্য]] চালাকুডী নদীৰ ওপৰত অৱস্থিত বিখ্যাত আথিৰাপ্পিল্লী জলপ্ৰপাত আৰু ভাঝাচাল জলপ্ৰপাত এই নদীখনৰ উল্লেখযোগ্য প্ৰাকৃতিক আকৰ্ষণ। <ref>Kerala Tourism https://www.keralatourism.org Athirappilly and Vazhachal Waterfalls, Thrissur | Sholayar Forest </ref>চালাকুডী নদীৰ ওপৰত শোলায়াৰ জলবিদ্যুৎ প্ৰকল্প<ref>Kerala State Electricity Board Limited https://dams.kseb.in {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260714213738/https://dams.kseb.in/ |date=2026-07-14 }} SHOLAYAR DAM</ref> আৰু পেৰিঙ্গালকুথু জলবিদ্যুৎ প্ৰকল্প স্থাপন কৰা হৈছে। আনহাতে, জলসিঞ্চনৰ উদ্দেশ্যে এই নদীৰ ওপৰত থুম্বুৰমূঝি বান্ধ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে। চালাকুডী নদী এৰ্ণাকুলাম জিলাৰ নৰ্থ পাৰাভুৰৰ মাঞ্জালিৰ ওচৰৰ এলেংথিকাৰাত পেৰিয়াৰ নদীৰ সৈতে মিলিত হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত নদীখন কোডুংগাল্লুৰ বেকৱাটাৰছ-ৰ সৈতে সংযুক্ত হৈ অৱশেষত আজিকোডত [[আৰব সাগৰ]]ত মিলিত হয়। চালাকুডী নদীৰ চাৰিটা প্ৰধান উপনদীৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম পৰাম্বিকুলাম নদীৰ ওপৰত পৰাম্বিকুলাম বান্ধ নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web |url=http://puzhakal0.tripod.com/river.html |title=About the Rivers of Kerala |access-date=2006-11-02 |archivedate=2012-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716182531/http://puzhakal0.tripod.com/river.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ==২০১৮ চনৰ কেৰালাৰ বানপানী== যদিও চৰকাৰীভাৱে ২০১৮ চনৰ ১৬ আগষ্টত বান পৰিস্থিতি আটাইতকৈ ভয়াবহ হৈছিল,<ref>International Recovery Platform https://recovery.preventionweb.net Kerala Flood 2018 : The Disaster of The Century | IRP </ref> তথাপি ২০১৮ চনৰ ১৫ আগষ্টৰ পুৱতি নিশাৰপৰাই অস্বাভাৱিকভাৱে অধিক বৰষুণৰ ফলত চালাকুডী নদীৰ পাৰসমূহত বানপানী আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। নদীখনৰ ওচৰৰ সকলো সুঁতি, নিম্নভূমি আৰু কৃষিভূমি ইতিমধ্যে পানীৰ তলত বুৰ গৈছিল। <ref>The New Indian Express https://www.newindianexpress.com Memories of 2018 flood haunt Chalakudy residents </ref>শতিকাজুৰি নদীখনৰ স্বাভাৱিক গতিপথত সৃষ্টি হোৱা বেঁকা-বেঁকি অংশসমূহো বানপানীৰ প্ৰবল সোঁতে পুনৰ সলনি কৰি পেলাইছিল। নদীখনৰপৰা প্ৰায় ৫ কিলোমিটাৰৰ ভিতৰত থকা সকলো চহৰ আৰু গাঁও বানপানীত বুৰ গৈছিল; কেৱল অলপ ওখ পাহাৰৰ শিখৰসমূহ পানীৰপৰা ৰক্ষা পৰিছিল। প্ৰায় এটা শতিকাৰ ভিতৰত চালাকুড়িত সংঘটিত হোৱা এইটোৱেই আছিল আটাইতকৈ ভয়াবহ বান। ভাৰত চৰকাৰে এই বানপানীক স্তৰ-৩ৰ দুৰ্যোগ, অৰ্থাৎ “অতি ভয়াবহ প্ৰকৃতিৰ দুৰ্যোগ” হিচাপে ঘোষণা কৰিছিল। ১৯২৪ চনত সংঘটিত ''৯৯ৰ মহাবান'' পিছত কেৰালাত সংঘটিত হোৱা এইটোৱেই আছিল আটাইতকৈ ভয়াবহ বানপানী। ==বানপানীৰ পিছত== [[File:Chalakudy river after the floods in 2018.jpg|thumb|২০১৮ চনত বানপানীৰ পিছত নদীৰ পাৰ। ]] বানপানীৰ পিছৰ পৰিস্থিতি অতি ভয়াবহ আছিল। এই বানপানীয়ে পাহাৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা নদীৰ মোহনালৈকে চালাকুড়ি নদীৰ সমগ্ৰ গতিপথৰ ৰূপ-ৰেখাই সলনি কৰি পেলাইছিল। বানৰ প্ৰবল সোঁতৰ ফলত নদীৰ পাৰৰ বিস্তীৰ্ণ অঞ্চল খহি পৰিছিল আৰু নতুন নতুন নদীপাৰ সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। নদীৰ গতিপথৰ কাষত থকা বৃহৎ বৃহৎ গছ-গছনি উভালি গৈ নদীৰ সোঁতত উটি আহি বিভিন্ন ঠাইত, বিশেষকৈ দলংসমূহৰ ওচৰত, জমা হৈছিল। পানীৰ প্ৰচণ্ড সোঁতৰ ফলত বহু পথ-দলং কেইছেণ্টিমিটাৰ পৰ্যন্ত স্থানচ্যুত হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত ভেট্টিলাপাৰা দলং উল্লেখযোগ্য। বানপানীৰ ফলত নদীখনৰ জলজ প্ৰাণীসমূহো যথেষ্ট ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত হৈছিল। বহু স্থানীয় মাছৰ প্ৰজাতি নিজৰ প্ৰাকৃতিক বাসস্থানৰপৰা আঁতৰি যাবলৈ বাধ্য হৈছিল। পৰিস্থিতি অধিক জটিল হৈ পৰিছিল, কাৰণ ওচৰৰ মাছ পোহা পামসমূহৰপৰা বিভিন্ন বিদেশী মাছৰ প্ৰজাতি নদীখনৰ জল-ব্যৱস্থাত প্ৰৱেশ কৰিছিল। সেই পামসমূহত শ শ প্ৰজাতিৰ একুৰিয়ামৰ মাছ পালন কৰা হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত এৰাপাইমা, এৰোৱানা, পিৰানহা, এলিগেটৰ গাৰ, ফ্লাৱাৰহৰ্ণ চিক্লিড আৰু ৰেড-বেলিড পাকু আদি উল্লেখযোগ্য। <ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/offbeat/invasive-fishes-aplenty-in-rivers-pose-threat-to-local-fish-breeds-flood-1.3103847 |title=Invasive Fishes in Kerala |access-date=2020-03-07 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029234051/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/offbeat/invasive-fishes-aplenty-in-rivers-pose-threat-to-local-fish-breeds-flood-1.3103847 |url-status=dead }}</ref> বানপানীৰ পিছত চালাকুড়ি নদীৰপৰা ৬৫ কিলোগ্ৰাম ওজনৰ এটা এৰাপাইমা মাছ ধৰা পৰিছিল। এই মাছটো স্থানীয় এখন পামত পৰ্যটকৰ আকৰ্ষণ হিচাপে পালন কৰা হৈছিল। কেৰালাত পোৱা আক্ৰমণাত্মক বিদেশী মিঠা পানীৰ মাছৰ ভিতৰত এইটোৱেই আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ মাছ বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে। <ref>{{cite web |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2019/08/enormous-alien-fish-spotted-in-keralas-rivers-after-the-2018-floods |title=Arapaima Fish in Kerala |date=16 August 2019 |access-date=2020-03-07 }}</ref> ==Panorama== [[File:The panoramic view of the monsoon clouds over the Chalakudy River.jpg|center|thumb|800px|The panoramic view of the monsoon clouds over the Chalakudy River]] ==তথ্যৰ উৎস== {{reflist}} ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== {{commons category|Chalakudy River}} *{{cite web | title=Infobox facts | work=All Kerala River Protection Council | url=http://puzhakal0.tripod.com/river.html | access-date=30 January 2006 | archivedate=16 July 2012 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716182531/http://puzhakal0.tripod.com/river.html | deadurl=yes }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230737/http://krpcds.org/report/sunny%20george.pdf Study of rivers in Kerala] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20081015183333/http://www.chalakudyriver.org/ Chalakudy River Protection Forum] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080117214641/http://www.salimalifoundation.org/cpss.html Chalakudy Puzha Samrakshana Samithi] [[শ্ৰেণী:নদী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ভাৰতৰ নদী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কেৰালা]] ohej1zuc90elqbzepq0dlrnhsplkd2r 0 138945 646202 633547 2026-10-20T11:04:01Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = পেৰেয়াস্লাভ | native_name = Переяслав | native_name_lang = uk | settlement_type = [[চহৰ]] | image_skyline = {{photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Переяслав Антон Петрусь.jpg | photo2a = Музей народної архітектури та побуту 12.jpg | photo2b = Музей народної архітектури та побуту 17.jpg | photo3a = Залишки Воскресенської церкви Переяслав-Хмельницький.jpg | photo3b = Пам'ятник давньоруському співцю Бояну Переяслав-Хмельницький.jpg | size = 270 | spacing = 2 | color = #FFFFFF | border = 0 }} | image_alt = | image_caption = ওপৰৰপৰা বাওঁৰপৰা সোঁলৈ: এচেঞ্চন মঠ, থ্ৰী হোলী হাইয়াৰাৰ্কছ চাৰ্চ (ৰুশ্বনিক সংগ্ৰহালয়), চেইণ্ট জৰ্জ চাৰ্চ, চাৰ্চ অৱ ৰিজাৰে্কচন, বোয়ানৰ প্ৰতিমূৰ্তি | image_flag = Flag of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky.svg | flag_alt = পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ পতাকা | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Coat of arms of Pereiaslav.svg | shield_alt = পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ ৰাজকীয় প্ৰতীক | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Ukraine Kyiv Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = দেশ | subdivision_name = {{UKR}} | subdivision_type1 = ওব্লাষ্ট | subdivision_name1 = কিভ ওব্লাষ্ট | subdivision_type2 = ৰায় (Raion) | subdivision_name2 = বৰিস্পিল ৰায় | subdivision_type3 = হ্ৰোমাডা (Hromada) | subdivision_name3 = পেৰেয়াস্লাভ নগৰীয়া হ্ৰোমাডা | established_title = প্ৰতিষ্ঠা | established_date = ৯০৭ | established_title2 = মাগডেবাৰ্গ অধিকাৰ | established_date2 = ১৫৮৫ | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 32 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 26273 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = জিপ কোড | postal_code = 08400–08409 | area_code_type = | area_code = +380 4567 | iso_code = | website = <!-- {{URL|http://www.perejaslav.org.ua/index.php?go=home&lang=us}} --> | footnotes = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 11 | mapframe-wikidata = yes }} '''পেৰেয়াস্লাভ''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Pereiaslav){{efn|পূৰ্বৰ আৰু স্থানীয় নামসমূহৰ বাবে [[#Etymology|ব্যুৎপত্তি (Etymology)]] অনুচ্ছেদ চাওক}} হৈছে মধ্য [[ইউক্ৰেইন]]ৰ কিভ ওব্লাষ্টৰ অন্তৰ্গত বৰিস্পিল ৰায়ত থকা এখন ঐতিহাসিক চহৰ। ই ৰাজধানী কিইভৰপৰা প্ৰায় {{convert|95|km|2|abbr=on}} দক্ষিণ-পূবত, আল্টা আৰু ত্ৰুবিজ নদীৰ সংগমস্থলৰ ওচৰত অৱস্থিত। ই [[মধ্যযুগ]]ত ক্ষমতাৰ এক অন্যতম প্ৰধান আঞ্চলিক কেন্দ্ৰ আছিল আৰু এখন প্ৰিন্সিপালিটিৰ ৰাজধানী হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল। পেৰেয়াস্লাভে ইউক্ৰেইনৰ অন্যতম হ্ৰোমাডা—পেৰেয়াস্লাভ নগৰীয়া হ্ৰোমাডাৰ প্ৰশাসন পৰিচালনা কৰে।<ref name="admreform_2020_pereiaslav_city">{{cite web |title=Переяславская городская громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/pereyaslavska/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ অনুমাণিক হিচাপ অনুসৰি ইয়াৰ জনসংখ্যা প্ৰায় ২৬,২৭৩ জন। ২০টাতকৈও অধিক সংগ্ৰহালয় থকাৰ বাবে পেৰেয়াস্লাভক প্ৰায়েই এটা "জীৱন্ত সংগ্ৰহালয়" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়।<ref name="pktm">"Pereyaslav Khmelnytsky – a town of museums", ''Welcome to Ukraine'' magazine, March 2007</ref> এই চহৰখনক চৰকাৰীভাৱে {{ill|পেৰেয়াস্লাভ ঐতিহাসিক আৰু নৃতাত্ত্বিক সংৰক্ষিত ক্ষেত্ৰ|lt=ঐতিহাসিক আৰু নৃতাত্ত্বিক সংৰক্ষিত ক্ষেত্ৰ|uk|Національний історико-етнографічний заповідник «Переяслав»}}ৰ মৰ্যাদা প্ৰদান কৰা হৈছে। == ব্যুৎপত্তি == === বৰ্তমান নাম === ঐতিহাসিক নামটো পুনৰুদ্ধাৰ কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যে ২০১৯ চনৰ ৩০ ছেপ্টেম্বৰত ভেৰখোভ্না ৰাডা (ইউক্ৰেইনৰ সংসদ) - ই বৰ্তমানৰ ''পেৰেয়াস্লাভ'' নামটো কাৰ্যকৰী কৰে। অন্যান্য ভাষাত পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ নামসমূহ হ’ল: * {{langx|uk|Переяслав}}, {{IPA|uk|pereˈjɑslɐu̯|IPA|audio=LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Gzhegozh-Переяслав.wav}} (ইয়াক ''Pereyaslav'' বুলিও লিখা হয়) * {{langx|yi|פּרעיאַסלעוו|Preyaslev}} * {{langx|ru|Переяслав|Pereyaslav}} * {{langx|la|Pereaslavia}} * {{langx|pl|Perejasław}} * {{langx|lt|Perejaslavas}}<ref name="lt">{{cite web | url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/perejaslav/ | title=Perejaslav }}</ref> === পূৰ্বৰ নামসমূহ === * ''পেৰেয়াস্লাভ্ল''{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|uk|Переяславль}} (ইয়াক ''Pereyaslavl'' বুলিও লিখা হয়)|{{langx|ru|Переяславль|Pereyaslavl}}}}}} (৯০৭–১৯৪৩; ১১৫২ চনৰপৰা ই ''পেৰেয়াস্লাভ-ৰুস্কী''{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|uk|Переяслав-Руський}} ( can also rendered as ''Pereyaslav-Ruskyy'')}}}} বুলিও জনাজাত আছিল) * ''পেৰেয়াস্লাভ-খমেলনিটস্কী''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyy|title=Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyy|website=britannica.com}}</ref>{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{langx|uk|Переяслав-Хмельницький}} (''Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyy'' বুলিও লিখা হয়)|{{langx|ru|Переяслав-Хмельницкий|Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky}}}}}} (১৯৪৩–২০১৯),<ref name="7230494Perey">{{in lang|uk}} [https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2019/10/30/7230494/ Rada renamed Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky], [[Ukrayinska Pravda]] (30 October 2019){{in lang|en}} [https://ukranews.com/en/news/662876-rada-renames-pereyaslav-khmelnytskyi-of-kyiv-region-for-pereyaslav Rada Renames Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi Of Kyiv Region For Pereyaslav], [[Ukrainian News Agency]] (30 October 2019)</ref> ১৯৪৩ চনৰপৰা ২০১৯ চনৰ ২৯ অক্টোবৰলৈ। ১১৫২ চনত, ইউৰি ডলগৰুকীয়ে কিভান ৰুছৰ উত্তৰ-পূব দিশত পেৰেচ্লাভ-জালেস্কী চহৰখন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। এই দুয়োখন চহৰৰ মাজত পাৰ্থক্য দেখুৱাবলৈ ১২শ আৰু ১৩শ শতিকাত পেৰেয়াস্লাভক কেতিয়াবা ''পেৰেয়াস্লাভ-ৰুস্কী'' বুলিও কোৱা হৈছিল।<ref name=bor>{{Cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314161916/http://www.boryspil-eparchy.org/index.php/%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2-%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9/857-%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F-%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2-%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.html |archivedate=2022-03-14 |title=Історія міста Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky |url=http://www.boryspil-eparchy.org/index.php/переяслав-хмельницький/857-історія-міста-переяслав-хмельницький.html |access-date=2026-08-17 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ইয়াক ''পেৰেয়াস্লাভ্ল-য়ুঝনী'' ({{langx|ru|Переяславль-Южный||দক্ষিণ পেৰেয়াস্লাভ্ল}}) বুলিও জনা যায়।<ref>{{ill|Sytin's military encyclopedia|ru|Военная энциклопедия Сытина|uk|Військова енциклопедія Ситіна}}. [[s:ru:ВЭ/ВТ/Переяславль Южный или Русский|Переяславль Южный или Русский]]</ref> == ইতিহাস == === কিভান ৰুছ === অঞ্চলটোৰ ইতিহাসত পেৰেয়াস্লাভে এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল। ৯১১ চনত [[বাইজেণ্টাইন সাম্ৰাজ্য]]ৰ সৈতে হোৱা এক চুক্তিৰ পাঠ্যত প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ইয়াৰ উল্লেখ পোৱা গৈছিল,<ref name="pktm"/> য’ত বুলগেৰিয়াৰ প্ৰেচ্লাভ আৰু পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত জালেচিয়ে অঞ্চলত প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱা নতুন চহৰসমূহ, যেনে— পেৰেচ্লাভ-জালেস্কী আৰু পেৰেয়াস্লাভ্ল-ৰিয়াজান্স্কীৰপৰা ইয়াক পৃথক কৰিবলৈ ''Pereyaslav-Ruskyi'' বুলি উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছিল। কিভৰ গ্ৰেণ্ড প্ৰিন্স ভ্লাদিমিৰ প্ৰথম (ভল’ডিমিল প্ৰথম)-এ বৰ্তমানৰ দক্ষিণ ইউক্ৰেইনৰ তৃণভূমি অঞ্চল (steppe)ৰপৰা অহা যাযাবৰীসকলৰ আক্ৰমণৰপৰা কিভান ৰুছৰ দক্ষিণ সীমান্ত সুৰক্ষিত কৰিবলৈ ৯৯২ চনত এটা ডাঙৰ দুৰ্গ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ১১শ শতিকাৰ মাজভাগৰপৰা ১২৩৯ চনত মংগোল আক্ৰমণৰ সময়ত তাতৰসকলৰদ্বাৰা ধ্বংস হোৱালৈকে এই চহৰখন পেৰেয়াস্লাভ্ল প্ৰিন্সিপালিটিৰ ৰাজধানী আছিল। === লিথুৱেনিয়া আৰু পোলেণ্ড === [[File:Rus and the Pechenegs (992).jpeg|thumb|ৰাডজিউইল ক্ৰনিকলৰপৰা পোৱা পেচেনেগসকলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে নিকিতা দ্য টেনাৰৰ বিজয়ৰ ছবি]] ১৪শ শতিকাৰ সময়ছোৱাত পেৰেয়াস্লাভক লিথুৱেনিয়াৰ গ্ৰেণ্ড ডাচীৰ সৈতে সংলগ্ন কৰা হয়। তাৰ পিছৰেপৰা ই কিভ ভইভডশ্বিপৰ অংশ আছিল, যিটো ১৫৬৯ চনত [[পোলেণ্ড]] ৰাজ্যৰ মুকুট (Crown of the Kingdom of Poland)-ৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হয়। ১৫৮৫ চনত পোলেণ্ডৰ ৰজা ষ্টিফেন বাথোৰীয়ে পেৰেয়াস্লাভক মাগডেবাৰ্গ চহৰৰ অধিকাৰ প্ৰদান কৰে। ই পোলেণ্ডৰ এখন ৰাজকীয় চহৰ আছিল। === কছাক হেটমেনেট === [[File:Coat of arms of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytsky 1620.svg|thumb|150px|১৬২০ চনত গ্ৰহণ কৰা পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ ৰাজকীয় প্ৰতীক]] ১৬শ শতিকাৰ দ্বিতীয় অৰ্ধাংশত পেৰেয়াস্লাভ জাপোৰ’ঝিয়ান হ’ষ্টৰ এখন ৰেজিমেণ্টেল চহৰ হৈ পৰে। ইয়াতেই ১৬৫৪ চনত বোহডান খমেলনিটস্কীয়ে "পেৰেয়াস্লাভ পৰিষদ (Pereiaslav Convent)" অনুষ্ঠিত কৰিছিল, য’ত জাপোৰ’ঝিয়ান কছাকসকলে [[ৰাছিয়া]]ৰ জাৰতন্ত্ৰৰ সৈতে সামৰিক মিত্ৰতাৰ সপক্ষে ভোট দিছিল আৰু পেৰেয়াস্লাভ চুক্তি গ্ৰহণ কৰি তেওঁলোকৰ ভূমিক ৰাছিয়াৰ শাসনৰ অধীনলৈ আনিছিল। এই চুক্তিৰ ফলত ৰাছিয়াৰ জাৰতন্ত্ৰৰ অধীনত বাওঁ-পাৰৰ ইউক্ৰেইন (left-bank Ukraine)-ত কছাক হেটমেনেট প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হয়, আৰু পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত ৰুছ-পোলিশ যুদ্ধ (১৬৫৪-১৬৬৭) সংঘটিত হয়। সেই সময়ত এই চহৰখন ''Pereiaslav'' নামেৰে জনাজাত আছিল, আৰু পিছলৈ ই ''Pereiaslav-Poltavskyi'' নামেৰে পৰিচিত হয়।{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} ১৬৬৭ চনৰ আন্দ্ৰুচ’ভ’ৰ সন্ধি (Truce of Andrusovo) অনুসৰি পেৰেয়াস্লাভ ৰাছিয়াৰ অংশ হৈ পৰে। === ছোভিয়েট সংগ্ৰহালয় কেন্দ্ৰ === [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত (যাৰ এটা অংশ ছোভিয়েট ইউনিয়ন আৰু ৰাছিয়াত মহান দেশপ্ৰেমমূলক যুদ্ধ বুলি জনাজাত), ছোভিয়েট চৰকাৰে ৰাছিয়াৰ সৈতে ইউক্ৰেইনৰ একত্ৰীকৰণৰ ভিত্তি হিচাপে পেৰেয়াস্লাভ চুক্তিক গৌৰৱান্বিত কৰিবলৈ ব্যাকুল হৈ পৰিছিল। সেইবাবে এই ঘটনাত বোহডান খমেলনিটস্কীৰ ভূমিক গুৰুত্ব দিবলৈ ১৯৪৩ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ নাম সলাই ''Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi'' কৰা হয়।<ref name="7230494Perey"/> পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত, এই সাধাৰণ চহৰখনক এক উৎসৰ্গিত সংগ্ৰহালয় আৰু পৰ্যটন কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে গঢ়ি তোলা হয়। পেৰেয়াস্লাভ-খমেলনিটস্কী চহৰ পৰিষদৰ অনুৰোধ মৰ্মে, ২০১৯ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত [[ইউক্ৰেইন]]ৰ সংসদে চহৰখনক ইয়াৰ ঐতিহাসিক নাম পেৰেয়াস্লাভলৈ পুনৰ ঘূৰাই আনে।<ref name="7230494Perey"/> ২০২০ চনৰ ১৮ জুলাইলৈকে, পেৰেয়াস্লাভক ওব্লাষ্ট গুৰুত্বৰ চহৰ হিচাপে অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল আৰু ই পেৰেয়াস্লাভ-খমেলনিটস্কী ৰায়ৰ প্ৰশাসনিক কেন্দ্ৰ হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰিছিল, যদিও ই নিজেই সেই ৰায়ৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত নাছিল। ২০২০ চনৰ জুলাই মাহত ইউক্ৰেইনৰ প্ৰশাসনিক সংস্কাৰৰ অংশ হিচাপে, যিয়ে কিভ ওব্লাষ্টৰ ৰায়ৰ সংখ্যা সাতখনলৈ হ্ৰাস কৰিছিল, পেৰেয়াস্লাভ চহৰখনক বৰিস্পিল ৰায়ৰ সৈতে একত্ৰিত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://golos.com.ua|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |url=https://minregion.gov.ua/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та teritoriy України |language=Ukrainian |access-date=2026-08-17 |archivedate=2023-04-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424043336/https://www.minregion.gov.ua/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == জনসংখ্যা == === জনগোষ্ঠীসমূহ === ২০০১ চনৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি জনগোষ্ঠী ভিত্তিত জনসংখ্যাৰ বিভাজন:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://datatowel.in.ua | title=Національний склад міст }}</ref> {{bar box|title=পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ জনগোষ্ঠীসমূহ|titlebar=#ddd|left1=|right1=percent|bars={{bar percent|ইউক্ৰেনীয়ানানসকল|dodgerblue|94.95}} {{bar percent|ৰাছিয়ানসকল|purple|3.91}} {{bar percent|বেলাৰুছীয়ানসকল|red|0.41}} {{bar percent|আৰ্মেনীয়ানসকল|brown|0.18}} {{bar percent|পোলসকল|yellow|0.08}} {{bar percent|মোলডোভীয়ানসকল|pink|0.07}} {{bar percent|আজেৰবাইজানীসকল|green|0.05}} {{bar percent|ইহুদীসকল|lightblue|0.05}}}} === ভাষা === ২০০১ চনৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি মাতৃভাষা ভিত্তিত জনসংখ্যাৰ বিভাজন:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://socialdata.org.ua | title=Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України }}</ref> {| class="standard" |- ! ভাষা ! শতাংশ |- | [[ইউক্ৰেনীয়ানান]] | align="right"| 95.89% |- | [[ৰাছিয়ান]] | align="right"| 3.61% |- | অন্যান্য/অনিৰ্ধাৰিত | align="right"| 0.5% |} === ইহুদী সম্প্ৰদায় === পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ ইহুদী সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ প্ৰথম উল্লেখ ১৬২০ চনৰ হয়, যেতিয়া চহৰবাসীয়ে ৰজা ছিগিস্মুণ্ডৰ ওচৰত পেৰেয়াস্লাভত [[ইহুদী]]সকলৰ ক্ৰমবৰ্ধমান সংখ্যা আৰু প্ৰভাৱৰ বিৰুদ্ধে আপত্তি দৰ্শাইছিল। ইহুদীসকলক কৃষি কাৰ্যত নিয়োজিত হোৱাত ইতিপূৰ্বে নিষেধাজ্ঞা আৰোপ কৰাৰ পাছত, ৰজাই তেওঁলোকৰ সুৰা কাৰখানা, মল্ট-হাউচ আৰু ডিষ্টিলাৰী ৰখাৰ অধিকাৰ অস্বীকাৰ কৰি কমিছনাৰসকলক ইহুদীসকলৰ অন্যান্য অধিকাৰসমূহ বিবেচনা কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে। তিনি বছৰৰ পাছত, এটা চুক্তি স্বাক্ষৰিত হয় যাৰদ্বাৰা ইহুদীসকলক নগৰীয়া নাগৰিকৰ সকলো অধিকাৰ আৰু স্বাধীনতা ভোগ কৰাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া হয়। এই চুক্তিখন ৰজা ছিগিস্মুণ্ডে অনুমোদন জনাইছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Pereyaslav |url=https://jewua.org |access-date=2026-03-23 |work=Ukraine Jewish Heritage}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} প্ৰথম খমেলনিটস্কী বিদ্ৰোহৰ সময়ত প্ৰাণ হেৰুওৱা প্ৰথমসকলৰ ভিতৰত পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ ইহুদীসকল অন্যতম আছিল। বুৰঞ্জীবিদ নাথান হেনোভাৰে লিখিছে, "আৰু যুদ্ধক্ষেত্ৰৰপৰা বেছি আঁতৰত নোহোৱা আৰু পলাই যাবলৈ অপাৰগ বহুতো পৱিত্ৰ সম্প্ৰদায়, যেনে— পেৰেয়াস্লাভ, বাৰীশিভ্কা, পিৰিয়াটিন, বৰিস্পিল, লুবনি, লোখভিটচা আৰু ইয়াৰ আশে-পাশে থকা পৱিত্ৰ সম্প্ৰদায়সমূহ বিভিন্ন নিষ্ঠুৰ আৰু জঘন্য ধৰণৰ হত্যাকাণ্ডৰ শ্বহীদ হৈ মৃত্যুবৰণ কৰে..." («Yeven metsula», পৃষ্ঠা ৯৪)। আন এজন বুৰঞ্জীবিদ ৰব্বী মেইৰ অৱ শ্চেব্ৰজেচিনাই এটা বিতং বিৱৰণ দিছে: «পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ পৱিত্ৰ সম্প্ৰদায়ে কেইবাবাৰো তিক্ততাৰ সোৱাদ লৈছিল; বিতত ইহুদীসকলে বৰীচোভ্কা (সম্ভৱতঃ বাৰীশিভ্কা)ৰ পৱিত্ৰ সম্প্ৰদায়লৈ পলাই গৈছিল। কিন্তু বিদ্ৰোহীসকলে তাতো গৈ উপস্থিত হয় আৰু কেঁচুৱাকে ধৰি বহু ইহুদীক হত্যা কৰে। স্থানীয় অ-ইহুদীসকলে জীৱিত থকাসকলক দয়া কৰি পেৰেয়াস্লাভলৈ ঘূৰাই আনে, য’ত তেওঁলোক নিজৰ ঘৰতে বন্দীৰ দৰে আবদ্ধ হৈ আছিল, কাৰণ তেওঁলোকে বিদ্ৰোহীসকলৰ দৃষ্টিগোচৰ হ’বলৈ ভয় কৰিছিল। নিশা তেওঁলোকে জনা নাছিল যে পুৱাই কি কঢ়িয়াই আনিব, আৰু পুৱা জনা নাছিল যে গধূলিয়ে কি প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতি দিব»। বিখ্যাত য়িদ্দিচ লেখক শ্বলম আলেইচেম ১৮৫৯ চনত পেৰেয়াস্লাভত জন্মগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ শৈশৱ কাল ভোৰোনকিভ চহৰত কটাইছিল, কিন্তু পৰিয়ালটো দৰিদ্ৰ হৈ পৰাত তেওঁ পেৰেয়াস্লাভলৈ ঘূৰি আহে আৰু ১৮৭৬ চনলৈকে ৰাছিয়ান জিমনেচিয়ামত অধ্যয়ন কৰে। ১৮৭৯ চনত তেওঁ কেইবছৰমানৰ বাবে পুনৰ পেৰেয়াস্লাভলৈ ঘূৰি আহে। চহৰখনৰ কথা তেওঁৰ আত্মজীৱনীমূলক গদ্যত বহলাই বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে। চহৰখনৰ 'নৃতাত্ত্বিক সংৰক্ষিত ক্ষেত্ৰ'ত তেওঁৰ নামত উৎসৰ্গিত এটা সংগ্ৰহালয় আছে। ১৬৫৪ চনৰ পেৰেয়াস্লাভ পৰিষদৰ পিছত, পেৰেয়াস্লাভ ইহুদী সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ অৱশিষ্ট অংশই ৰাছিয়াৰ পৃষ্ঠপোষকতা লাভ কৰে। বাৰী-পাৰৰ ইহুদীসকলক তেওঁলোকৰ ঘৰত থকাৰ অনুমতি দিয়া হৈছিল, কিন্তু পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ চহৰবাসীয়ে জাৰ আলেক্সেই মিখাইলোভিচৰ ওচৰত ইহুদীসকলৰ অধিকাৰ সীমিত কৰা ১৬২০ চনৰ আইনখন দাঙি ধৰে, যাক জাৰে অনুমোদন জনায়। সেই একে ১৬৫৪ চনৰেপৰা পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ ইহুদীসকলৰ বিষয়ে তথ্য নোহোৱা হৈ পৰে। ১৮ শতিকাৰ শেষৰফালে এটা নতুন সম্প্ৰদায় গঢ়ি উঠে। ১৮০১ চনৰ কৰ বহী অনুসৰি তাত ৫ জন খ্ৰীষ্টান ব্যৱসায়ী আছিল, কোনো ইহুদী ব্যৱসায়ী নাছিল; ৮৪৪ জন [[খ্ৰীষ্টান]] চহৰবাসী আৰু ৬৬ জন ইহুদী চহৰবাসী আছিল। ১৮৪৭ চনৰ অডিট অনুসৰি, জিলাখনত কেৱল এটাই 'পেৰেয়াস্লাভস্কোৱে' ইহুদী সম্প্ৰদায় আছিল, যি ১,৫১৯ জন লোকক লৈ গঠিত আছিল। ১৮৯৭ চনৰ লোকপিয়ল অনুসৰি জিলাখনত ১,৮৫,০০০ জন বাসিন্দা আছিল, যাৰ ভিতৰত ৯,৮৫৭ জন ইহুদী আছিল; ইয়াৰে পেৰেয়াস্লাভত ১৪,৬১৪ জন বাসিন্দা আছিল, যাৰ ভিতৰত ৫,৭৫৪ জন ইহুদী আছিল। ১৯১০ চনত পেৰেয়াস্লাভত তিনিখন ইহুদী বিদ্যালয় চলি আছিল: প্ৰথম শ্ৰেণীৰ প্ৰাথমিক ল’ৰাৰ বিদ্যালয়, এখন ব্যক্তিগত ল’ৰাৰ বিদ্যালয় আৰু এখন তালমুদ-তৰাহ। ১৯ শতিকাৰ শেষৰফালে ছিনাগগ (synagogue) নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল, ই যুদ্ধৰপৰা বাচি গৈছিল আৰু এতিয়ালৈকে সুৰক্ষিত হৈ আছে— বৰ্তমান তাত বি. খমেলনিটস্কীৰ নামত নামকৰণ কৰা বোৱা সামগ্ৰীৰ কাৰখানা চলি আছে। ১৮৮১ চনৰ ৩০ জুন – ২ জুলাইত পেৰেয়াস্লাভত ইহুদীসকলৰ বিৰুদ্ধে এক হত্যাকাণ্ড (pogrom) সংঘটিত হৈছিল। ভুক্তভোগীসকলৰ ভিতৰত কিভ হত্যাকাণ্ডৰ পিছত ইয়ালৈ পলাই অহা ইহুদীসকলো আছিল। পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰপৰা এই অশান্তি আশে-পাশে থকা অঞ্চলসমূহলৈ বিয়পি পৰিছিল। ১৯১৯ চনৰ জুন মাহত আটামান জেলেনীয়ে পেৰেয়াস্লাভত এক হত্যাকাণ্ডৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰে আৰু ২০ জন লোক নিহত হয়। ১৯২১ চনলৈ পেৰেয়াস্লাভত এটা ইহুদী 'আত্মৰক্ষা' সংগঠন প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হয়। ১৯২৬ চনত নিৰ্যাতনৰ পিছতো ইহুদী সম্প্ৰদায়টো বিকশিত হৈছিল আৰু পেৰেয়াস্লাভত ৩,৫৯০ জন ইহুদী আছিল।<ref name="bh.org.il">{{cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi |url=https://bh.org.il |publisher=[[The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot]] |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=26 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626111607/https://bh.org.il |url-status=dead }}</ref> এই সময়ছোৱাত তাত ৮খন অধ্যয়ন গৃহ (''বেথ মিড্ৰাছ (batei midrash)''), ৩খন বিভিন্ন ইহুদী বিদ্যালয় আৰু ২৬টা কোশ্বেৰ কছাইখানা আছিল।<ref name="bh.org.il" /> ১৯৪১ চনৰ শৰৎকালত চহৰখনৰ উপকণ্ঠ অঞ্চলত (বৰ্তমানৰ আলটিটস্কি কবৰস্থানৰ এলেকা) পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ ৮০০ জন ইহুদী বাসিন্দাক গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হয়। জ্যেষ্ঠ বাসিন্দা খলৰ মতে, গুলীচালনাৰ প্ৰকৃত তাৰিখ আছিল ৪–৫ নৱেম্বৰ, অৱশ্যে স্মৃতিফলকত অন্য এটা তাৰিখ ৬–৮ অক্টোবৰ বুলি উল্লেখ আছে। ১৯৪৩ চনৰ ১৯ মে’ত এক আক্ৰমণৰ পিছত আৰু ৭ গৰাকী ইহুদী মহিলা আৰু ১ জন পুৰুষক গুলীয়াই হত্যা কৰা হয় আৰু আলটিটস্কি কবৰস্থানত সমাধিস্থ কৰা হয়। বৰ্তমান পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ ইহুদী জনসংখ্যা ১০০ জনতকৈও কম।{{citation needed|date=October 2019}} সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ কাৰ্যালয়টো পূৰ্বৰ সিনাগগৰ ভৱনটোতে অৱস্থিত। == অৰ্থনীতি == চহৰখনত এটা ডাঙৰ নদী বন্দৰ আছে, যি কিভ নদী বন্দৰৰ অংশ হিচাপে কাম কৰে। == শিক্ষা == === বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়সমূহ === ১৯৮৬ চনত কিভ ৰাজ্যিক শিক্ষণ প্ৰতিষ্ঠানৰ পেৰেয়াস্লাভ-খমেলনিটস্কী শাখা হিচাপে প্ৰতিষ্ঠা হোৱা এইচ.এছ.ইউ.পি. (HSUP)-য়ে পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ প্ৰাচীন শিক্ষাগত পৰম্পৰাক ধৰি ৰাখিছে। বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনৰ শিপা ১৮ শতিকাৰ প্ৰথমাৰ্ধলৈ, অৰ্থাৎ ২ অক্টোবৰ ১৭৩৮ চনলৈ বিস্তৃত, যেতিয়া পেৰেয়াস্লাভত এখন কলেজিয়াম প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হৈছিল। ১৮০৮ চনত ধৰ্মীয় শিক্ষা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহৰ সংস্কাৰৰ পিছত, পেৰেয়াস্লাভ কলেজিয়ামক এখন চেমিনাৰী হিচাপে পুনৰ গঠিত কৰা হয়, যিয়ে অঞ্চলটোৰ শিক্ষক প্ৰশিক্ষণকে ধৰি শিক্ষাগত পৰম্পৰা ধৰি ৰাখিছিল। ইউক্ৰেইনৰ কেবিনেট মন্ত্ৰীসভাৰ ১৯৯৩ চনৰ ২৪ নৱেম্বৰৰ ৯৪৯ নং প্ৰস্তাৱ অনুসৰি, ড্ৰাহোমানভ ইউক্ৰেনীয়ান ৰাজ্যিক শিক্ষণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পেৰেয়াস্লাভ-খমেলনিটস্কী শাখাৰ ভিত্তিত ''ৰেয়াস্লাভ-খমেলনিটস্কী ৰাজ্যিক শিক্ষণ প্ৰতিষ্ঠান'' প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হয়। ১৯৯৪ চনত ইয়াৰ নাম ''এইছ. এছ. স্কোভোৰোডা''ৰ নামত নামকৰণ কৰা হয় আৰু ২০০০ চনত ৰাজ্যিক স্বীকৃতি আয়োগৰ সিদ্ধান্ত অনুসৰি ইয়াক তৃতীয় স্তৰৰ স্বীকৃতিপ্ৰাপ্ত প্ৰতিষ্ঠান হিচাপে স্বীকৃতি দিয়া হয়। ২০০২ চনত ইউক্ৰেইনৰ কেবিনেট মন্ত্ৰীসভাৰ এক ডিক্ৰীৰ জৰিয়তে এই প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৰ ভিত্তিত ''পেৰেয়াস্লাভ-খমেলনিটস্কী হ্ৰীহৰী স্কোভোৰোডা ৰাজ্যিক শিক্ষণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়'' প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰা হয়। ২০০৪ আৰু ২০১০ চনত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়খনে চতুৰ্থ স্তৰৰ স্বীকৃতি লাভ কৰে, ২০০৫ চনত ইয়াৰ নাম সলাই এছ.এইছ.ই.আই. “পেৰেয়াস্লাভ-খমেলনিটস্কী হ্ৰীহৰী স্কোভোৰোডা ৰাজ্যিক শিক্ষণ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়” (SHEI “Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhorii Skovoroda State Pedagogical University”) কৰা হয়। ২০২১ চনৰ ১৪ জুলাইত, চহৰখনৰ পূৰ্বৰ নাম সলনি হোৱাৰ বাবে আৰু উচ্চ শিক্ষা প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহৰ নাম নামকৰণৰ প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত ইউৰোপীয় পৰম্পৰা অনুসৰি প্ৰতিষ্ঠানটোৰ নাম সৰল কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যে, ই এক নতুন চৰকাৰী নাম লাভ কৰে— ''পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ হ্ৰীহৰী স্কোভোৰোডা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়'' (Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav)।<ref>[https://uhsp.edu.ua/en/about-our-university/history-of-the-university/ History of the university]</ref> == ঐতিহাসিক স্থানসমূহ == [[File:Pereyaslav main square.jpg|thumb|900px|পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ বোহডান খমেলনিটস্কী বৰচ’ক]] পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ আটাইতকৈ উল্লেখযোগ্য ঐতিহাসিক স্থানসমূহ হ’ল: * মধ্য ডনিপাৰ ইউক্ৰেইনৰ লোক স্থাপত্য আৰু ঘৰুৱা পৰম্পৰাৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়, য’ত প্ৰাচীন কালৰপৰা ১৯ শতিকালৈকে ইউক্ৰেনীয়ানানসকলৰ স্থাপত্য আৰু পৰম্পৰা প্ৰদৰ্শিত কৰা হৈছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত কেইবাটাও উপ-সংগ্ৰহালয় অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হৈ আছে: ৰুটী সংগ্ৰহালয়, স্থল পৰিবহণ সংগ্ৰহালয়, ৰুশ্বনিক সংগ্ৰহালয় (ইউক্ৰেইনৰ আলংকাৰিক টাৱেল), মহাকাশ গৱেষণা সংগ্ৰহালয়, ডাক সেৱা সংগ্ৰহালয়, মৌপালন সংগ্ৰহালয়, প্ৰয়োগিক আৰু আলংকাৰিক কলা সংগ্ৰহালয়, ইউক্ৰেইনৰ পৰম্পৰাগত ৰীতি-নীতি সংগ্ৰহালয়, প্ৰত্নতত্ত্ব সংগ্ৰহালয়, কছাক গৌৰৱ সংগ্ৰহালয়, ত্ৰিপিলিয়া সংস্কৃতি সংগ্ৰহালয়, ইউক্ৰেইনৰ পৰম্পৰাগত সাজ-পাৰ সংগ্ৰহালয় আদি। * ১০-১১ শতিকাৰ অট্টালিকাসমূহৰ খননকাৰ্যৰ জৰিয়তে উদ্ধাৰ হোৱা ধ্বংসাৱশেষ। * চেইণ্ট মাইকেলৰ গীৰ্জা (১৬৪৬-৬৬)। * এচেঞ্চন মঠ (১৬৯৫-১৭০০ চনত নিৰ্মিত কেথেড্ৰেলৰ সৈতে)। == প্ৰখ্যাত ব্যক্তি == [[File:Hanna Knyazyeva-Minenko by Augustas Didzgalvis.jpg|thumb|right|হান্না ক্নিয়াজেভা-মিনেনকো]] * পাভলো টেটেৰিয়া (১৬২০-১৬৭০), ইউক্ৰেইনৰ হেটমেন * {{ill|ওলেহ বাবীশ্বকিন|uk|Бабишкін Олег Кіндратович}} (১৯১৮-১৯৯১), ইউক্ৰেনীয়ানান সাহিত্যিক আৰু কলা ইতিহাসবিদ, ফিল’লজীৰ ডক্টৰেট * শ্বলম আলেইচেম (১৮৫৯–১৯১৬), ইহুদী-ইউক্ৰেনীয়ানান য়িদ্দিচ লেখক আৰু নাট্যকাৰ * মেকিল ব্লিংকেন (১৮৭৯–১৯১৫), ইহুদী-আমেৰিকান লেখক * {{ill|লিউডমিলা মেখ|uk|Мех Людмила Григорівна}} (জন্ম ১৯৫১), ইউক্ৰেনীয়ানান সাংবাদিক * পেট্ৰ’ খলোডনয়ী (১৮৭৫–১৯৩০), ইউক্ৰেনীয়ানান ৰাজনীতিবিদ, ৰাজহুৱা ব্যক্তি, ইউক্ৰেনীয়ান কেন্দ্ৰীয় ৰাডাৰ সদস্য, ইউক্ৰেনীয়ান গণপ্ৰজাতন্ত্ৰৰ জনশিক্ষা মন্ত্ৰী, শিল্পী আৰু ৰসায়নবিদ। * হান্না ক্নিয়াজেভা-মিনেনকো (জন্ম ১৯৮৯), ইউক্ৰেনীয়ান আৰু ইজৰাইলী ত্ৰি-জাম্প আৰু লং জাম্প খেলুৱৈ * লুইছ নেভেলচন (১৮৯৯–১৯৮৮), আমেৰিকান ভাস্কৰ্যশিল্পী == চিত্ৰভঁৰাল == {{commons category|Pereiaslav}} {{Commons category|Museum of folk architecture and way of life of Middle Naddnipryanschina}} <gallery> File:Колегіум Переяслав.jpg|কলেজিয়াম (Collegium) File:Museum of the Kobzars, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi.JPG|[[কোবজাৰ]] শিল্পৰ সংগ্ৰহালয় File:Georgy Church in Pereyaslav Skansen IMG 3047 32-110-0011.JPG|চেইণ্ট জৰ্জৰ গীৰ্জা File:Жилище ХІ века.jpg|লোক স্থাপত্য আৰু ঘৰুৱা পৰম্পৰাৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়ত থকা ১১শ শতিকাৰ এক [[কিভান ৰুছ]]ৰ ঘৰৰ প্ৰতিৰূপ File:OldUkrainianPostOffice.JPG|লোক স্থাপত্য আৰু ঘৰুৱা পৰম্পৰাৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়ত থকা এটা পুৰণি ডাকঘৰ File:ドニプロ・ウクライナ伝統的文化博物館..jpg|লোক স্থাপত্য আৰু ঘৰুৱা পৰম্পৰাৰ সংগ্ৰহালয়ত থকা [[ৰুশ্বনিক]] সংগ্ৰহালয় File:Переяслав-Хмельницький. Вознесенський собор. 1695-1700 рр.jpg|এচেঞ্চন কেথেড্ৰেল (Ascension Cathedral) File:Pereyaslav church.jpg|পেৰেয়াস্লাভৰ পুৰণি চহৰৰ এটা গীৰ্জা File:32-110-0009 Покровська церква з с. Сухий Яр.jpg|চাৰ্চ অৱ দ্য ইণ্টাৰচেশ্বন (পক্ৰোভস্কা গীৰ্জা) </gallery> ==টোকা== <references group="টোকা"/> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ইউক্ৰেইন]] g2yyt2f4cink7okosc4rybwzcmzqfpd 0 139310 646201 639967 2026-10-20T10:40:58Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Floriculture.jpg|thumb|<big>''ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰ''</big>]] [[File:027 Flowers at Algemene warenmarkt - market in Grote Markt, Breda, Netherlands.jpg|thumb|right|[[নেদাৰলেণ্ড]]ৰ ব্ৰেডাৰ এক স্থানীয় বজাৰত বিক্ৰীৰ বাবে ৰখা ফুলৰ পুলি]] '''পুষ্প-শস্য বিজ্ঞান'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.xobdo.org/dic/floriculture | title=florculture | work=Xobdo | accessdate=27 August 2026}}</ref> ({{lang-en|Floriculture}}, {{lang-la|[[wikt:flos#Latin|floris]] + culture-ৰপৰা উৎপত্তিপ্ৰাপ্ত}}) বা '''ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰ''' হৈছে দৃষ্টিনন্দন, বৰ্ণিল তথা ভক্ষণযোগ্য [[ফুল|পুষ্প]] আৰু [[পাত|পত্ৰ]] উৎপাদনকাৰী উদ্ভিদসমূহৰ দক্ষ উৎপাদন সম্পৰ্কীয় বিজ্ঞানসন্মত অধ্যয়ন। ই সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বতে প্ৰচলিত উদ্যানবিদ্যা আৰু [[কৃষি|কৃষিকৰ্ম]]ৰ এক বাণিজ্যিকভাৱে সফল শাখা। পুষ্প উদ্যোগত ব্যৱহৃত শ শ উদ্ভিদ বৰ্গক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি বিগত বৰ্ষসমূহত কেইবাটাও দক্ষ উৎপাদন পদ্ধতি বিকশিত কৰা হৈছে, যিয়ে সমগ্ৰ উদ্ভিদ-জীৱবিজ্ঞানৰ সামগ্ৰিক জ্ঞানৰ পৰিসৰ বৃদ্ধি কৰিছে। উদ্ভিদ প্ৰজনন আৰু নিৰ্বাচন প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ জৰিয়তে মানৱ ব্যৱহাৰোপযোগী অযুতসংখ্যক নতুন জিন’টাইপ (genotypes) উদ্ভাৱন কৰা হৈছে। == সংক্ষিপ্ত বিৱৰণ == ফুল মানৱ সমাজৰ এক অপৰিহাৰ্য অংগ, যি প্ৰায়ে আনন্দ আৰু বিষাদৰ মুহূৰ্তসমূহত তথা দৈনন্দিন জীৱনৰ অংশ হিচাপে ব্যৱহৃত হয়। ফুল তথা উদ্ভিদসমূহ গৃহৰ অভ্যন্তৰত সূৰ্যৰ পোহৰপৰা খিৰিকীত, সন্মুখৰ চোতালৰ ভূ-দৃশ্য সজ্জা হিচাপে, অথবা পিছফালৰ চোতালৰ বাৰাণ্ডা বা ডেকত সংৰক্ষণ কৰিব পৰা যায়। মানৱজাতিয়ে ফুল আৰু উদ্ভিদ, মানুহৰ সৈতে এইবোৰৰ পাৰস্পৰিক ক্ৰিয়া-প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া, আৰু এইসমূহৰ উৎপাদন পদ্ধতি সম্পৰ্কে অধ্যয়ন কৰি আহিছে যাতে সমগ্ৰ মানৱ সমাজে ইয়াৰ সুফল লাভ কৰিব পাৰে। বিশ্বজুৰি ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰৰ বিজ্ঞানীসকল এই কাৰ্যত ব্ৰতী হৈ আছে। ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰৰ শস্যসমূহৰ ভিতৰত কৰ্তন কৰা পুষ্প<ref>{{Cite book |last=Armitage |first=Allan M |title=Specialty cut flowers. The production of annuals, perennials, bulbs and woody plants for fresh and dried cut flowers. |publisher=cabdirect.org |year=1993}}</ref> আৰু কৰ্তন কৰা আলংকাৰিক পত্ৰ, ভেটিৰ পুলি বা শয্যা উদ্ভিদ (যেনে বাৰ্ষিক বা বহুবৰ্ষজীৱী উদ্যান পুষ্প), আৰু গৃহ-অভ্যন্তৰীণ উদ্ভিদ (যেনে পত্ৰ উদ্ভিদ আৰু পাত্ৰস্থ সপুষ্পক উদ্ভিদ) অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dole |first1=John M |title=Floriculture: Principles and Species |last2=Wilkins |first2=Harold F. |publisher=Pearson. |year=2004 |edition=2nd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Larson |first=Roy A |title=Introduction to Floriculture |publisher=Elsevier Science |year=2013 |location=United States}}</ref> এই উদ্ভিদসমূহ মাটিৰ ভেটিত, পুষ্প পথাৰত অথবা সেউজগৃহৰ ভিতৰত পাত্ৰত উৎপাদন কৰা হয়। এই উদ্ভিদসমূহ মানুহৰ বাবে অতি উচ্চ মূল্যসম্পন্ন হোৱাৰ হেতুকে প্ৰায়েই সংৰক্ষিত কৃষি পদ্ধতি অৱলম্বন কৰা হয়। পুষ্প শস্যসমূহ অতি সৰল পদ্ধতিৰপৰা আৰম্ভ কৰি অত্যন্ত উচ্চখাপৰ অত্যাধুনিক প্ৰযুক্তিগত প্ৰণালীৰে খেতি কৰা হয়।<ref>H. Chris Wien. Floral Crop Production in High Tunnels. HortTechnology Jan 2009 19(1): 56-60 {{doi|10.21273/HORTSCI.19.1.56}}</ref> এই শস্যবোৰ কৃষিপথাৰৰ মাটিত অথবা কম খৰচী উচ্চস্তৰীয় সুৰংগযুক্ত সেউজগৃহৰ ভিতৰত থকা ভূমিত উৎপাদন কৰিব পৰা যায়। পূৰ্বতে দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি [[ইউৰোপ]], [[উত্তৰ আমেৰিকা]] আৰু [[এছিয়া]] মহাদেশৰ বজাৰসমূহৰ নিকটৱৰ্তী অঞ্চলত নিৰ্দিষ্ট শস্যৰ বাবে ঋতুভিত্তিকভাৱে ফুলৰ খেতি কৰা হৈছিল। অৱশ্যে, পুষ্প উদ্যোগৰ বহু শস্য বৰ্তমান একোটা নিৰ্দিষ্ট জলবায়ু অঞ্চললৈ স্থানান্তৰিত কৰা হৈছে—বিশেষকৈ [[দক্ষিণ আমেৰিকা]], [[আফ্ৰিকা]] আৰু [[চীন]] দেশৰ পাৰ্বত্য অঞ্চলসমূহলৈ,<ref>Van Rijswick C. World floriculture map 2015. Gearing Up for Stronger Competition, Rabobank Industry Note. 2015 Jan(475).</ref> যাতে সুলভ হস্তশ্ৰমৰ সহায়ত কিছুমান বিশেষ উদ্ভিদ সমগ্ৰ বছৰজুৰি উৎপাদন কৰিব পৰা যায়।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harisha |first=BN |date=Oct 2017 |title=An economic analysis of floriculture in India. |journal=In Proceedings of the Sixth Middle East Conference on Global Business, Economics, Finance and Banking (ME17Dubai Conference) |pages=6–8}}</ref> পুষ্প শস্য আৰু বজাৰৰ ধাৰাবাহিক পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ সৈতে সমান্তৰালভাৱে সংৰক্ষিত উদ্যান শস্য বিজ্ঞান বা সুৰক্ষিত উদ্যানকৃষিৰ বিকাশ ঘটিছে। নিয়ন্ত্ৰিত-পৰিৱেশ কৃষি (Controlled-environment agriculture—CEA)ৰ এক অন্যতম প্ৰধান উপাদান হৈছে ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰ। ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰৰ শস্যসমূহ মানুহৰ বাবে অতি উচ্চ মূল্যসম্পন্ন, সেয়েহে বিশ্বজোৰা বজাৰৰ বাবে এই উদ্ভিদসমূহ দক্ষতাপূৰ্ণভাৱে উৎপাদন কৰিবলৈ এক ব্যয়-বহুল উৎপাদন প্ৰণালীৰ প্ৰয়োজন হয়—যেনে সেউজগৃহ,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Hanan |first=Joe J |title=Greenhouses: Advanced Technology for Protected Horticulture. |year=2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hanan |first1=J.J |title=Greenhouse Management |url=https://archive.org/details/greenhousemanage0000hana |last2=Holley |first2=W.D. |last3=Goldsberry |first3=K.L. |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag]] |year=1978 |series=[[Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences]] |number=5}}</ref><ref name=":1">Chris Beytes (Editor). 2021. Ball RedBook: Greenhouse Structures, Equipment, and Technology 19th Edition. Ball Publishing.</ref> স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় পৰিৱেশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ, স্বয়ংক্ৰিয় [[জলসিঞ্চন]] আৰু সাৰ প্ৰয়োগ, যান্ত্ৰিক বা ৰব’টচালিত বীজ, পুলি স্থানান্তৰণ আৰু পাত্ৰ পৰিচালন, আৰু পৰিপূৰক সালোকসংশ্লেষণকাৰী পোহৰৰ ব্যৱস্থা।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khair Rabiya |first1=Ummul |title=Modern Innovations and Sustainability in Floriculture: Trends, Technologies, and Practices |journal=Journal of Diversity Studies |date=2024 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.51470/JOD.2024.03.02.01 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ইয়াৰে কিছুমান শস্যত হস্তচালিতভাৱে জলসিঞ্চন কৰা হয় যদিও বেছিভাগ ক্ষেত্ৰতে টোপাল জলসিঞ্চন, বুম জলসিঞ্চন বা প্লাৱিত মজিয়া পদ্ধতি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হয়। বহুতো কৰ্তন কৰা পুষ্প শস্যৰ বাবে হাইড্ৰ’পনিক্স বা মাটিবিহীন জলীয় কৃষি পদ্ধতিও প্ৰয়োগ কৰিব পাৰি।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰৰ মূল্যাংকন ২০২২ == ২০২২ বৰ্ষত গোলকীয় ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰ বজাৰৰ সামগ্ৰিক আকাৰ অনুমাণিক ৫০.০৪ বিলিয়ন আমেৰিকান ডলাৰ আছিল বুলি ধাৰণা কৰা হৈছে আৰু পৰ্যালোচনা কালছোৱাত ২.৫% মিশ্ৰ বাৰ্ষিক বিকাশৰ হাৰ অনুসৰি ২০২৮ বৰ্ষৰ ভিতৰত ইয়াৰ পুনৰীক্ষিত আকাৰ ৫৮.০৩ বিলিয়ন আমেৰিকান ডলাৰ হ’বগৈ বুলি পূৰ্বানুমান কৰা হৈছে।<ref>Floriculture Market 2022. Size, Share, Growth. Trends, Recent Developments, Company Profiles, Key Suppliers, Production Capacity, Revenue & Gross Margin, Market Drivers, Opportunities, Challenges and Forecast 2028. Market Reports World. April 04, 2022 07:48 ET.</ref> ২০২২ বৰ্ষত [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ সৰ্বমুঠ ৮,৯৫১ গৰাকী পুষ্প উৎপাদকৰদ্বাৰা ৮৩৩ নিযুত বৰ্গফুট উৎপাদন এলেকাত উৎপাদিত সকলো পুষ্প শস্যৰ মুঠ পাইকাৰী বিক্ৰী মূল্য আছিল ৬.৬৯ বিলিয়ন আমেৰিকান ডলাৰ।<ref>2022 Commercial Floriculture Survey NASS's Quick Stats. National Agricultural Statistics Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 05/31/2023. </ref> == ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰৰ অগ্ৰগতি == উদ্ভিদ অনুৰাগী আৰু উৎপাদকসকলে বিগত বৰ্ষবোৰত কিছুমান নিৰ্দিষ্ট উদ্ভিদৰ খেতিৰ সন্দৰ্ভত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ তথ্য লাভ কৰিছে। চীন দেশত ৩০০০ তকৈও অধিক বছৰ ধৰি ইন্দ্ৰমালতীৰ (Chrysanthemum) কৰ্ষণ বা খেতি কৰা হৈছে,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Visitor Team at Manchester Museum |date=2020 |title=FOUR NOBLE PLANTS IN CHINESE CULTURE PART 4: CHRYSANTHEMUM, October 23, 2020 |url=https://storiesfromthemuseumfloor.wordpress.com/2020/10/23/four-noble-plants-in-chinese-culture-part-4-chrysanthemum/ }}</ref> যাৰ বাবে উৎপাদকসকল এই উদ্ভিদজোপা আৰু ইয়াৰ উৎপাদন পদ্ধতিৰ বিষয়ে অৱগত আছিল। ফ্লʼৰিকালচাৰৰ বিজ্ঞানীসকলে মানুহে উৎসৱ-পাৰ্বণ আৰু ধৰ্মীয় বা সামাজিক সমাৱেশৰ দৰে গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ দিনবোৰত প্ৰয়োজন হোৱা ফুল লাভ কৰিব পৰাকৈ পুষ্পায়ন (Flowering) নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিবলৈ উদ্ভিদজোপাৰ পৰিৱেশ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰাৰ এই প্ৰৱণতাটোকে কেৱল আগুৱাই লৈ গৈছে। === আলোক-পৰ্যাবৃত্তিতা === ইন্দ্ৰমালতী আছিল এনে এবিধ উদ্ভিদ, যাক আলোককাল (Photoperiod) আৰু আলোক-পৰ্যাবৃত্তিতা (Photoperiodism)-ৰ সংজ্ঞা নিৰূপণ কৰা পৰীক্ষাসমূহত ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Garner, W. and H. Allard. 1920. Effect of the relative length of day and night and other factors of the environment on growth and reproduction in plants. Jour. Agr. Res. 18:553-606.</ref> তথাপি, সম্ভৱতঃ চীন, কোৰিয়া আৰু জাপানৰ উদ্ভিদবিদসকলৰ তেওঁলোকৰ বহু বছৰৰ অভিজ্ঞতাৰ ভিত্তিত এই বিষয়ে এক গভীৰ বুজা-বুজি আছিল। এই শাৰীৰিক প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়াৰ সংঘটন আৰু ইয়াৰ কাৰণসমূহ বিভিন্ন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আৰু উদ্যোগত বহুতো পৰীক্ষা-নিৰীক্ষাৰ বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে।<ref>Withrow, R.B. and H.M. Benedict. 1936. Photoperiodic responses of certain greenhouse annuals as influenced by intensity and wavelength of artificial light used to lengthen the daylight period. Plant Physiol. 11:225-249.</ref><ref>Popham, R. A., & Chan, A. P. (1952). Origin and development of the receptacle of Chrysanthemum morifolium. ''American Journal of Botany'', 329-339.</ref><ref>Higuchi, Y., Sumitomo, K., Oda, A., Shimizu, H., & Hisamatsu, T. (2012). Day light quality affects the night-break response in the short-day plant chrysanthemum, suggesting differential phytochrome-mediated regulation of flowering. ''Journal of plant physiology'', ''169''(18), 1789-1796.</ref><ref>Lee, B. J., Won, M. K., Choi, W. C., Yang, E. S., Lee, J. S., & Atherton, J. G. (2004). Floral development of chrysanthemum influenced by photoperiod. ''HORTICULTURE ENVIRONMENT and BIOTECHNOLOGY'', ''45''(3), 149-153.</ref> পইনচেটিয়া হৈছে ফুল উৎপাদনকাৰীসকলৰ বাবে গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ আন এবিধ হ্ৰস্ব-দিৱস উদ্ভিদ।<ref>Parker, M. W., Borthwick, H. A., & Rappleye, L. E. (1950). Photoperiodic responses of poinsettia. ''Florists' Exchange'', ''115''(20), 11-50.</ref> এইসমূহ আৰু অতিৰিক্ত পৰীক্ষা তথা অভিজ্ঞতাই দেখুৱাইছে যে আলোককালবৃত্তিৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়াৰ ওপৰত উষ্ণতাৰ এক প্ৰভাৱ থাকে।<ref>Alden, M., & Faust, J. E. (2021). Unravelling the role of temperature and photoperiod on poinsettia heat delay. ''HortScience'', ''56''(9), 1097-1103.</ref> বহুতো কৰ্তন কৰা ফুল আৰু তলিৰ উদ্ভিদৰ প্ৰজাতিয়ে খৰতকীয়া ফুল ফুলাৰ বাবে দীৰ্ঘ-দিৱস বা হ্ৰস্ব-দিৱসৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া প্ৰদৰ্শন কৰে।<ref>Harshitha, H. M., Chandrashekar, S. Y., & Harishkumar, K. (2021). Photoperiod manipulation in flowers and ornamentals for perpetual flowering. ''Pharma Innov J'', ''10''(6), 127-134.</ref><ref name="Erwin, J. E. 2000, pp. 95-99">Erwin, J. E., & Warner, R. M. (2000, November). Determination of photoperiodic response group and effect of supplemental irradiance on flowering of several bedding plant species. In ''IV International ISHS Symposium on Artificial Lighting 580'' (pp. 95-99).</ref><ref>Adams, S. R., & Langton, F. A. (2005). Photoperiod and plant growth: a review. ''The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology'', ''80''(1), 2-10.</ref> উদ্ভিদ উৎপাদনৰ দক্ষতা বৃদ্ধি কৰিবলৈ পুষ্পচাষিত দিনৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য বৃদ্ধি কৰাৰ বাবে আলোক সজ্জাৰ ব্যৱহাৰ আৰু দিনৰ দৈৰ্ঘ্য হ্ৰাস কৰাৰ বাবে ক’লা কাপোৰৰ ব্যৱহাৰ একো একোটা গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ সংযোজন। === উদ্ভিদ কলা কৰ্ষণ, অণুপ্ৰৱৰ্ধন === উদ্ভিদ প্ৰৱৰ্ধন সদায়েই পুষ্প আৰু উদ্ভিদ উদ্যানকৃষিৰ এটা অবিচ্ছেদ্য অংগ হৈ আহিছে। অৰ্কিড অনুৰাগীসকলে যেতিয়া নতুন কৃষিজাত প্ৰকাৰ বা কাল্টিভাৰ প্ৰজনন কৰিছিল, তেতিয়া অৰ্কিডৰ ভ্ৰূণ সংৰক্ষণ কৰাৰ এক উপায় হিচাপে উদ্ভিদ কলা কৰ্ষণৰ আৰম্ভণি হৈছিল। ১৯৫০ ৰপৰা ১৯৮০ ৰ দশকলৈকে পৃথিৱীৰ অধিকাংশ উদ্যানকৃষি আৰু বহুতো উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান পাঠ্যক্ৰমত বিজ্ঞানীসকলে কলা কৰ্ষণ পদ্ধতিৰ জৰিয়তে উদ্ভিদ প্ৰৱৰ্ধনৰ ওপৰত কাম কৰি আছিল।<ref>Thorpe, T. A. (2007). History of plant tissue culture. ''Molecular biotechnology'', ''37'', 169–180.</ref><ref>Gamborg, O. L., Murashige, T., Thorpe, T. A., & Vasil, I. K. (1976). Plant tissue culture media. ''In vitro'', ''12''(7), 473-478.</ref><ref>García-Gonzáles, R., Quiroz, K., Carrasco, B., & Caligari, P. (2010). Plant tissue culture: Current status, opportunities and challenges. ''International Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources'', ''37''(3), 5-30.</ref> এই কাৰ্যসূচীসমূহে বিভিন্ন ট্যাক্সা (শ্ৰেণীবিভাজন গোট) সম্পৰ্কে জ্ঞানৰ পৰিসৰ বৃদ্ধি কৰিছিল আৰু উদ্যোগখণ্ডক বাণিজ্যিক উৎপাদনৰ সৈতে সংযোগ স্থাপন কৰাত সহায় কৰিছিল। উদ্ভিদ কলা কৰ্ষণে নতুন, অনন্য ফিন'টাইপ (বাহ্যিক লক্ষণ) আৰু জিনʼটাইপ (জিনীয় গঠন) অতি কম সময়ৰ ভিতৰতে বৃহৎ সংখ্যাত প্ৰৱৰ্ধন কৰাটো সম্ভৱ কৰি তুলিছিল। পত্ৰজাত উদ্ভিদৰ বহুতো কাল্টিভাৰ কেৱল কলা কৰ্ষণৰ জৰিয়তেহে উপলব্ধ হয়।<ref>Griffith, L. P. (1998). Tropical Foliage Plants: A Grower's Guide. United States: Ball Pub.</ref> এক ব্যতিক্ৰমী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰে, কলা কৰ্ষিত জেৰেনিয়াম উদ্ভিদক তাপীয় চিকিৎসা কৰা হৈছিল যাতে বহুতো ভাইৰাছ চিনাক্ত কৰি আঁতৰাব পৰা যায়, যাক ভাইৰাছ-সূচকীকৃত বুলি কোৱা হয়।<ref>Oglevee-O'Donovan, W. (1986). Production of culture virus-indexed geraniums. In ''Tissue culture as a plant production system for horticultural crops: Conference on Tissue Culture as a Plant Production System for Horticultural Crops, Beltsville, MD, October 20–23, 1985'' (pp. 119-123). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.</ref> ভাইৰাছসমূহ আঁতৰাই পেলোৱাৰ ফলত বহুতো কাল্টিভাৰৰ বহুসংখ্যক উদ্যানকৃষি সম্পৰ্কীয় বৈশিষ্ট্য বিলুপ্ত হৈ গৈছিল; ইয়াৰ বাবেই উদ্ভিদ প্ৰজননবিদসকলে ভৱিষ্যতৰ কাল্টিভাৰৰ বাবে প্ৰজনন লাইনত বহুতো ভাইৰাছ অৱশিষ্ট হিচাপে এৰি দিছিল। তেতিয়াৰপৰাই বিভিন্ন পুষ্পকৃষি শস্যৰপৰা বেক্টেৰিয়া আৰু ভাইৰাছজনিত ৰোগজীৱাণু আঁতৰাবলৈ বহু শ্ৰেণীৰ উদ্ভিদৰ কলা কৰ্ষণত তাপীয় চিকিৎসা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈ আহিছে। === পাত্ৰ আৰু বৰ্ধন মাধ্যম === উদ্ভিদৰ কৰ্ষণত দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি{{As of?|date=November 2024}} বিভিন্নপ্ৰকাৰৰ পাত্ৰ বা টাব ব্যৱহাৰ হৈ আহিছে। সম্ভৱতঃ জৈৱিক পদাৰ্থ (পচন সাৰ বা কম্পোষ্ট) মিশ্ৰিত পথাৰৰ মাটি বা বাগিছাৰ মাটি পাত্ৰটোত দি তাত এটা উদ্ভিদ ৰোপণ কৰা হৈছিল আৰু তাৰ পিছত নিয়মীয়াকৈ পানী যোগান ধৰা হৈছিল। অতিৰিক্ত জলসিঞ্চন বা অতিমাত্ৰা পানী দিয়া কাৰ্য প্ৰতিৰোধ কৰিবলৈ অভিজ্ঞতা আৰু এক সতৰ্ক দৃষ্টিৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল। এই সফলতা তুলনামূলকভাৱে এটা গভীৰ পাত্ৰ বা টাবৰ সৈতে জড়িত আছিল, যি সাধাৰণতে ৬–১০ ইঞ্চি (১৫–২৫ চে.মি.) গভীৰ বা তাতকৈ ডাঙৰ আছিল।{{citation needed|date=November 2024}} মাটিৰপৰা পানী নিষ্কাষণ বা তললৈ টানি আনিবলৈ মাধ্যাকৰ্ষণ শক্তিয়েই যথেষ্ট আছিল, যাৰ ফলত পাত্ৰটোৰ মাটিৰ এক উপযুক্ত অংশ সু-নিষ্কাষিত হৈ আছিল আৰু শিপা তন্ত্ৰৰ বাবে অক্সিজেন উপলব্ধ হৈছিল। ১৯৫০ আৰু ১৯৬০ ৰ দশকত যেতিয়া আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰৰ গ্ৰীণহাউচসমূহে তলতি উদ্ভিদৰ ব্যৱসায় সম্প্ৰসাৰণ কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিলে, তেতিয়া উদ্ভিদৰ ব্যৱধান নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ আৰু পৰিবহণৰ দৰে লজিষ্টিক দিশসমূহৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকক সৰু আকৃতিৰ পাত্ৰৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল। ভেকুৱাম-গঠিত প্লাষ্টিকৰ ট্ৰে আৰু পেকেটসমূহে এই সৰু আকৃতিক সামৰি লৈছিল, কিন্তু সৰু পাত্ৰবোৰত পচন সাৰযুক্ত পথাৰৰ মাটিত অতিৰিক্ত পানী জমা হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা আছিল। ইয়াৰ প্ৰথম পদক্ষেপ আছিল পথাৰৰ মাটিৰ সৈতে ১:১:১ অনুপাতত পিট মচ আৰু পাৰ্লাইট মিহলি কৰা। ইয়াৰ পৰৱৰ্তী পদক্ষেপ আছিল ১:১ অনুপাতত অন্যান্য সামগ্ৰী, যেনে স্ফাগ্নাম মচ পিট আৰু ভাৰ্মিকুলাইট ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা, যাক কৰ্নেল পিট-লাইট মিশ্ৰণ বুলি জনা যায়।<ref>Sheldrake Jr, R., & Boodley, J. W. (1965, May). Plant growing in lightweight artificial mixes. In ''Symposium on Vegetable Growing under Glass 4'' (pp. 155-157).</ref><ref>Boodley, J. W., & Sheldrake, R. (1972). Cornell peat-lite mixes for commercial growing.</ref> ১৯৭০ ৰ দশকত, সমগ্ৰ দেশজুৰি থকা ব্যাৱসায়িক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহলৈ বৰ্ধন মাধ্যম সংসাধন আৰু বিতৰণ কৰিবলৈ গঢ়ি উঠা কোম্পানীসমূহে বৰ্ধন মাধ্যমৰ বাবে অধিক সামগ্ৰী ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ লৈছিল। ব্যাৱসায়িক প্ৰতিষ্ঠানসমূহে লোৱা অৰ্থনৈতিক সিদ্ধান্তসমূহৰ সৈতে সুচিন্তিত বিকল্প বাছনি কৰিবলৈ আটাইবোৰ সামগ্ৰীৰ ভৌতিক ধৰ্মসমূহ এক মানক ভিত্তিত মূল্যায়ন কৰাটো প্ৰয়োজনীয় আছিল।<ref>Bilderback, T. E., & Fonteno, W. C. (1987). Effects of container geometry and media physical properties on air and water volumes in containers. ''Journal of Environmental Horticulture'', ''5''(4), 180–182.</ref><ref>Fonteno, W. C., Cassel, D. K., & Larson, R. A. (1981). Physical Properties of Three Container Media and their Effect on Poinsettia Growth1. ''Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science'', ''106''(6), 736–741.</ref> ১৯৮০ ৰ দশকত যেতিয়া প্লাগ বা পোখা উদ্ভিদ উৎপাদন, বীজ অংকুৰণৰ যান্ত্ৰিকীকৰণ আৰু ৰোপণ কাৰ্যৰ যান্ত্ৰিকীকৰণ আৰম্ভ হৈছিল, তেতিয়া প্লাগ ট্ৰেসমূহত থকা বৰ্ধন মাধ্যমৰ কম পৰিমাণক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ কৰিবলৈ অধিক গৱেষণাৰ প্ৰয়োজন হৈছিল।<ref>Di Benedetto, A. H., & Klasman, R. (2004). The effect of plug cell volume on the post-transplant growth for Impatiens walleriana pot plant. ''European Journal of Horticultural Science'', ''69''(2), 82-86.</ref> বৰ্ধন মাধ্যম আৰু পাত্ৰৰ নক্সা প্ৰস্তুতকৰণৰ সকলো দিশৰ ওপৰত গৱেষণা এতিয়াও অব্যাহত আছে।<ref>Gallegos, J., Álvaro, J. E., & Urrestarazu, M. (2020). Container Design Affects Shoot and Root Growth of Vegetable Plant. HortScience horts, 55(6), 787-794. Retrieved Jul 22, 2023, from {{doi|10.21273/HORTSCI14954-20}}</ref> বৰ্ধন মাধ্যমৰ বাবে পিট আহৰণ আৰু ইয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰ উত্তৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু ইউৰোপত এক পাৰিপাৰ্শ্বিক বা পৰিৱেশগত সমস্যা হিচাপে পৰিগণিত হৈ আহিছে।<ref>Kitir, N., Yildirim, E., Şahin, Ü., Turan, M., Ekinci, M., Ors, S., ... & Ünlü, H. (2018). Peat use in horticulture. ''Peat; Topcuoglu, B., Turan, M., Eds.; IntechOpen: London, UK'', 75-90.</ref> বৰ্ধন মাধ্যমৰ সংসাধন প্ৰক্ৰিয়াত বিকল্প আৰু অধিক বহনক্ষম সামগ্ৰী—যেনে পাইন গছৰ ছাল, সংসাধিত পাইনৰ ছাল, কʼকʼ কয়ৰ বা নাৰিকলৰ চোঁচ, কাঠৰ আঁহ আদি ধাৰাবাহিকভাৱে সংযোজন কৰি থকা হৈছে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson B., Fields J., Altland J., Owen J. |date=2022 |title=The Latest on Growing Media Research Jan 1, 2022 |url=https://www.growertalks.com/Article/?articleid=25544 }}</ref><ref>Eveleens, B., van Winkel, A., & Blok, C. (2021, August). Wood fiber in pot plant culture; peat replacement up to 50% in volume?. In ''II International Symposium on Growing Media, Soilless Cultivation, and Compost Utilization in Horticulture 1317'' (pp. 165–174).</ref> বৰ্ধন মাধ্যমৰ সামগ্ৰীসমূহৰ বাবে বহনক্ষম সমাধান সূত্ৰায় কৰাটো এই উদ্যোগ খণ্ডৰ বাবে এক উচ্চ অগ্ৰাধিকাৰৰ বিষয় হৈ আছে।<ref>Barrett, G. E., Alexander, P. D., Robinson, J. S., & Bragg, N. C. (2016). Achieving environmentally sustainable growing media for soilless plant cultivation systems–A review. ''Scientia horticulturae'', ''212'', 220–234.</ref> === কীটনাশকৰ অৱশিষ্ট === পুষ্পকৃষিৰ শস্যসমূহৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত কীটনাশকৰ অৱশিষ্ট এক উল্লেখযোগ্য সমস্যা হৈয়েই আছে। বহুতো দেশত কীটনাশকৰ ব্যৱহাৰৰ ওপৰত সীমিত নিয়ন্ত্ৰণহে থাকে, যাৰ ফলত ফুল সংগ্ৰহকাৰী বা ফুলৰ ব্যৱসায়ী আৰু গ্ৰাহকসকল এই অৱশিষ্টৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰদূষিত বা সংক্ৰমিত হোৱাৰ সম্ভাৱনা থাকে॥<ref>Toumi, K., Vleminckx, C., Van Loco, J., Schiffers, B. 2016. Pesticide Residues on Three Cut Flower Species and Potential Exposure of Florists in Belgium.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13:943.</ref><ref>Pereira, P., Parente, C., Carvalho, G., Torres, J., Meire, R., Dorneles, P., Malm, O. (2021) A review on pesticides in flower production: A push to reduce human exposure and environmental contamination. Environmental Pollution, Volume 289:117817</ref> মৌমাখি আৰু অন্যান্য পৰাগযোগকাৰী বা পৰাগবাহকসমূহৰ ওপৰত কিছুমান নিৰ্দিষ্ট কীটনাশক, যেনে নিয়’নিক্সৰ (নিয়নিকপ্টিনয়ড) প্ৰভাৱ এক গুৰুতৰ চিন্তাৰ বিষয় হৈ পৰিছে। গ্ৰীণহাউচ উৎপাদনৰ সময়ত বাগিছাৰ ফুলত এই কীটনাশকসমূহ প্ৰয়োগ কৰিলে গ্ৰাহকৰ বাগিছাত থকা পৰাগযোগকাৰী জীৱসমূহৰ আবাদীৰ ওপৰত ইয়াৰ এক বৃহৎ প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref>Potts, S. G., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V., Ngo, H. T., Aizen, M. A., Biesmeijer, J. C., Breeze, T. D., ... & Vanbergen, A. J. (2016). Safeguarding pollinators and their values to human well-being. ''Nature'', ''540''(7632), 220–229.</ref><ref>Thompson, D. A., Lehmler, H. J., Kolpin, D. W., Hladik, M. L., Vargo, J. D., Schilling, K. E., ... & Field, R. W. (2020). A critical review on the potential impacts of neonicotinoid insecticide use: current knowledge of environmental fate, toxicity, and implications for human health. ''Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts'', ''22''(6), 1315-1346.</ref> পুষ্পকৃষিৰ শস্য উৎপাদনত কীটনাশকৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হ্ৰাস কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যে গ্ৰীণহাউচৰ পতংগ, মাইট (উঁহী বা একপ্ৰকাৰৰ কীট) আৰু উদ্ভিদৰ ৰোগজীৱাণুৰ জৈৱিক নিয়ন্ত্ৰণৰ ওপৰত গৱেষণা অব্যাহত আছে।<ref>Messelink, G. J., & Janssen, A. (2014). Increased control of thrips and aphids in greenhouses with two species of generalist predatory bugs involved in intraguild predation. ''Biological Control'', ''79'', 1-7.</ref><ref>van Lenteren, J. C. (2007). Biological control for insect pests in greenhouses: an unexpected success. ''Biological control: a global perspective. CAB Int, Wallingford'', 105–117.</ref><ref>Van Driesche, R., & Hoddle, M. (2009). ''Control of pests and weeds by natural enemies: an introduction to biological control''. John Wiley & Sons.</ref> === পৰিপূৰক পোহৰ যোগান === পুষ্প শস্যৰ বাবে পৰিপূৰক পোহৰ যোগান ব্যৱস্থা দীপ্তি পৰ্যায়কাল বা ফটোপিৰিয়ড চিকিৎসাৰ জৰিয়তে আৰম্ভ হৈছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত শীতকালৰ পৰিৱেশত সূৰ্যৰ পোহৰৰ বিকল্প হিচাপে বৈদ্যুতিক লেম্পৰপৰা ওলোৱা কৃত্ৰিম পোহৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব পৰা যাবনে নাই, তাক নিৰ্ধাৰণ কৰিবলৈ আগ্ৰহ বৃদ্ধি পায়।<ref>Werner, H. O. (1942). Relation of length of photoperiod and intensity of supplemental light to the production of flowers and berries in the greenhouse by several varieties of potatoes. ''Journal of Agricultural Research'', ''64'', 257–275.</ref><ref>Ramaley, F. (1934). Influence of supplemental light on blooming. ''Botanical Gazette'', ''96''(1), 165–174.</ref> ইনকেণ্ডিচেণ্ট লেম্পসমূহ এই ক্ষেত্ৰত সফল হোৱা নাছিল, গতিকে পুষ্পকৃষি খণ্ডই পোহৰ প্ৰযুক্তিৰ উন্নতিৰ বাবে অপেক্ষা কৰিবলগীয়া হৈছিল। ফ্লুৰোচেণ্ট লেম্প আৰু উদ্যোগিক লেম্পসমূহৰ (যেনে: পাৰা বাষ্প বা মাৰ্কুৰী ভেপৰ, উচ্চ চাপৰ ছ’ডিয়াম, নিম্ন চাপৰ ছ’ডিয়াম আদি) প্ৰযুক্তিগত প্ৰগতিয়ে জেৰেনিয়াম, গোলাপ আৰু অন্যান্য শস্যৰ উদ্ভিদ উৎপাদন উন্নত কৰি তুলিছিল।<ref>Carpenter, W. J., & Rodriguez, R. C. (1971). Earlier Flowering of Geranium cv. Carefree Scarlet by High Intensity Supplemental Light Treatment1. ''HortScience'', ''6''(3), 206–207.</ref><ref>Armitage, A. M., & Tsujita, M. J. (1979). Supplemental lighting and nitrogen nutrition effects on yield and quality of Forever Yours roses. ''Canadian Journal of Plant Science'', ''59''(2), 343–350.</ref><ref>Cathey, H. M., & Campbell, L. E. (1979). Relative Efficiency of High-and Low-pressure Sodium and Incandescent Filament Lamps Used to Supplement Natural Winter Light in Greenhouses1. ''Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science'', ''104''(6), 812–825.</ref><ref>Lee, M.J., Seo, H.S., Min, S.Y., Lee, J., Park, S., Jeon, J.B., Kim, J. and Oh, W., 2021. Effects of supplemental lighting with high-pressure sodium or plasma lamps on quality and yield of cut roses. ''Horticultural Science and Technology'', ''39''(1), pp.49-61.</ref> পৰৱৰ্তী দশকসমূহত ইউৰোপ, উত্তৰ আমেৰিকা আৰু জাপানত কৃত্ৰিম পোহৰ যোগান এক মানক পদ্ধতি হৈ পৰিছিল।<ref>Moe, R., Grimstad, S. O., & Gislerod, H. R. (2005, June). The use of artificial light in year round production of greenhouse crops in Norway. In ''V International Symposium on Artificial Lighting in Horticulture 711'' (pp. 35–42).</ref> প্ৰাকৃতিক আৰু কৃত্ৰিম উৎসৰপৰা উদ্ভিদৰ পোহৰৰ (বিকিৰণ শক্তি) প্ৰয়োজনীয়তা মানকীকৰণ কৰাৰ বাবে কাৰ্য সম্পাদন কৰা হৈছিল। প্ৰতিজোপা উদ্ভিদৰ সৰ্বোত্তম বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজনীয় বিকিৰণ শক্তিৰ অনুকূল পৰিমাণ জোখাৰ এক একক হিচাপে ডেইলী লাইট ইনটিগ্ৰেল (Daily Light Integral বা DLI) শব্দটোৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>Faust, J. E., Holcombe, V., Rajapakse, N. C., & Layne, D. R. (2005). The effect of daily light integral on bedding plant growth and flowering. ''HortScience'', ''40''(3), 645–649.</ref><ref>Kjaer, K. H., Ottosen, C. O., & Jørgensen, B. N. (2012). Timing growth and development of Campanula by daily light integral and supplemental light level in a cost-efficient light control system. ''Scientia Horticulturae'', ''143'', 189–196.</ref><ref>Faust, J. E., & Logan, J. (2018). Daily light integral: A research review and high-resolution maps of the United States. ''HortScience'', ''53''(9), 1250-1257.</ref><ref>Oh, W., Cheon, I. H., Kim, K. S., & Runkle, E. S. (2009). Photosynthetic daily light integral influences flowering time and crop characteristics of Cyclamen persicum. ''HortScience'', ''44''(2), 341-344.</ref> লাইট এমিটিং ডায়োড (LED) লেম্পৰ প্ৰৱৰ্তনে অতিৰিক্ত পোহৰ যোগান ধৰাৰ অধিক সুযোগ আনি দিলে। এই লেম্পবোৰ অন্যান্য লেম্পৰ তুলনাত পোহৰ উৎপাদনত অধিক দক্ষ আৰু তুলনামূলকভাৱে শীতল আছিল, লগতে ই পোহৰৰ বিভিন্ন তৰংগদৈৰ্ঘ্যৰ গুণাগুণ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণ বা পৰিচালনা কৰাৰ সুবিধা প্ৰদান কৰিছিল।<ref>Mitchell, C. A., Both, A. J., Bourget, C. M., Burr, J. F., Kubota, C., Lopez, R. G., ... & Runkle, E. S. (2012). LEDs: The future of greenhouse lighting! . ''Chronica Horticulturae'', ''52''(1), 6-12.</ref><ref>Jeong, S.W., Hogewoning, S.W. and van Ieperen, W., 2014. Responses of supplemental blue light on flowering and stem extension growth of cut chrysanthemum. ''Scientia Horticulturae'', ''165'', pp.69-74.</ref><ref>Kobori, M. M. R. G., da Costa Mello, S., de Freitas, I. S., Silveira, F. F., Alves, M. C., & Azevedo, R. A. (2022). Supplemental light with different blue and red ratios in the physiology, yield and quality of Impatiens. ''Scientia Horticulturae'', ''306'', 111424.</ref> পুলি,<ref>Oh, W., Runkle, E. S., & Warner, R. M. (2010). Timing and duration of supplemental lighting during the seedling stage influence quality and flowering in petunia and pansy. ''HortScience'', ''45''(9), 1332-1337.</ref><ref>Randall, W. C., & Lopez, R. G. (2015). Comparison of bedding plant seedlings grown under sole-source light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and greenhouse supplemental lighting from LEDs and high-pressure sodium lamps. ''HortScience'', ''50''(5), 705–713.</ref> ভেটিৰ উদ্ভিদ,<ref name="Erwin, J. E. 2000, pp. 95-99"/> কৰ্তন কৰা ফুল<ref>Spall, C. E., & Lopez, R. G. (2023). Supplemental Lighting Quality Influences Time to Flower and Finished Quality of Three Long-Day Specialty Cut Flowers. ''Horticulturae'', ''9''(1), 73.</ref> আৰু অন্যান্য শস্যৰ উৎপাদন সৰ্বোত্তম কৰিবলৈ অতিৰিক্ত পোহৰ যোগান ব্যৱস্থা ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছে। === উদ্ভিদৰ পুষ্টি, পানীৰ গুণগত মান আৰু জলসিঞ্চন === আন সকলো উদ্যানশস্য আৰু কৃষি শস্যৰ দৰেই ফুলৰ শস্যও পথাৰৰ মাটিত খেতি কৰা হৈছিল। ফুলৰ বাবে প্ৰয়োজনীয় গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ পুষ্টিবোৰ মাটিৰ ধাৰে থকা ভৌতিক গাঁথনিত নিহিত হৈ আছিল আৰু ইয়াক জৈৱিক পদাৰ্থ তথা গোবৰ বা প্ৰাণীৰ সাৰ প্ৰয়োগ কৰি পৰিপূৰ্ণ কৰা হৈছিল। এই জৈৱিক সাৰ প্ৰয়োগৰ প্ৰক্ৰিয়া আছিল যথেষ্ট শ্ৰম-নিবিড় আৰু অসংগত, যাৰ ফলত ফুলৰ উৎপাদন সৰ্বোত্তম কৰাৰ ক্ষমতা হ্ৰাস পাইছিল। ১৯৫০ আৰু ১৯৬০-ৰ দশকত পাত্ৰত শস্য উৎপাদনৰ গুৰুত্ব বৃদ্ধি পোৱাৰ লগে লগে পুষ্পপালন বিজ্ঞান ক্ৰমান্বয়ে খেতিৰ মাধ্যম আৰু অজৈৱিক সাৰৰ ব্যৱহাৰলৈ স্থানান্তৰিত হয়। এই পৰিৱৰ্তনক মৃত্তিকা বিজ্ঞানৰ গৱেষণাতকৈ হাইড্ৰ’পনিক্স (মৃত্তিকাবিহীন কৃষি) সম্পৰ্কীয় গৱেষণাই অধিক সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল। হাইড্ৰ’পনিক্সৰ "মৃত্তিকাবিহীন" প্ৰকৃতি, খেতিৰ মাধ্যমৰ "মৃত্তিকাবিহীন" প্ৰকৃতিৰ সৈতে অধিক সাদৃশ্যপূৰ্ণ আছিল। == তথ্য উৎস == {{reflist}} * == অতিৰিক্ত পঠন == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181110140334/http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/MannUsda/viewDocumentInfo.do?documentID=1072 USDA - National Agricultural Statistics Service Floriculture Crops ] * [http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/floriculture/ University of Florida] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100513155116/http://www.ccfc.org/ California Cut Flower Commission] * [http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/floriculture/ North Carolina State University Floriculture Information Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127174229/http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/floriculture/ |date=2016-11-27 }} * https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295862115_Diversification_Through_Floriculture_in_Kashmir_Valley == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == {{Commons category|Floriculture|পুষ্প-শস্য বিজ্ঞান}} * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Fruit and Flower Farming|short=x}} {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:কৃষি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফুল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কৃষি বিজ্ঞান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:উদ্ভিদবিজ্ঞান]] 4jq1y5ph6rjmfvvcmtpsqmdaczmnhqn 0 140097 646188 645167 2026-10-20T04:45:45Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|আমেৰিকান সমাজকৰ্মী (১৯২৮–২০২৪)}} {{Infobox person | name = জেমছ লছন | image = Jameslawson.jpg | caption = ২০০৫ চনত লছন | birth_name = জেমছ মৰিছ লছন জুনিয়ৰ | birth_date = {{birth date|1928|9|22}} | birth_place = ইউনিয়নটাউন, পেনছিলভেনিয়া, [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]] | death_date = {{death date and age|2024|6|9|1928|9|22}} | death_place = লছ এঞ্জেলছ, কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া, আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ | education = {{Plain list| * বাল্ডউইন ৱালেছ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ([[Bachelor of Arts|বি.এ.]]) * অবাৰ্লিন কলেজ * ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় * বষ্টন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় ([[Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology|এছ.টি.বি.]]) }} | occupation = সমাজকৰ্মী, অধ্যাপক, ধৰ্মযাজক | known_for = নেছভিল ছিট-ইন আন্দোলন }} '''জেমছ মৰিছ লছন জুনিয়ৰ''' (২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯২৮ – ৯ জুন ২০২৪) আছিল এগৰাকী আমেৰিকান সমাজকৰ্মী আৰু বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ অধ্যাপক। তেওঁ নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ আন্দোলনত [[অহিংসা]]ৰ এগৰাকী আগশাৰীৰ তাত্ত্বিক আৰু কৌশলবিদ আছিল।<ref>{{cite web|title=Freedom Riders: James Lawson|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/meet-players-freedom-riders/|publisher=PBS|access-date=March 5, 2014|archive-date=May 20, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520103655/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/freedomriders/people/james-lawson|url-status=live}}</ref> ১৯৬০ৰ দশকত তেওঁ নেছভিল ছাত্ৰ আন্দোলন আৰু ছাত্ৰ অহিংস সমন্বয় সমিতিৰ পৰামৰ্শদাতা হিচাপে কাম কৰিছিল।<ref name=Hughes>{{cite book|last=Hughes|first=Richard A.|title=Pro-justice Ethics: From Lament to Nonviolence|year=2009|publisher=Peter Lang|location=New York|isbn=978-1433105258|page=226}}</ref><ref name=Catsam>{{cite book|last=Catsam|first=Derek Charles|title=Freedom's Main Line: The Journey of Reconciliation and the Freedom Rides|year=2009|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|location=Lexington|isbn=978-0813125114}}</ref> ১৯৬০ চনত নাগৰিক অধিকাৰৰ বাবে কৰা আন্দোলনত সক্ৰিয়ভাৱে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ বাবে তেওঁক ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা বহিষ্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। পিছলৈ তেওঁ লছ এঞ্জেলছত ২৫ বছৰ ধৰি ধৰ্মযাজক হিচাপে সেৱা আগবঢ়াইছিল। ==প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা== লছনৰ জন্ম ২২ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯২৮ চনত ইউনিয়নটাউন, পেনছিলভেনিয়াত ফিলেন মে কভাৰ আৰু জেমছ মৰিছ লছন ছিনিয়ৰৰ ঘৰত হৈছিল।<ref name=NotableBlackMen>{{cite book|title="James M. Larson, Jr." in Notable Black American Men Book II, Thomson Gale, Reproduced in Biography Resource Center|orig-year=2006|url=http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC? He dodged the korean war draft vrsn=149&OP=starts&locID=chan86036&srchtp=name&ca=177&c=1&AI=U13738111&NA=Lawson&ste=12&tbst=prp&tab=1&docNum=K1622000673&bConts=35|format=Fee|access-date=April 18, 2008|year=2008|publisher=Gale|location=[[Farmington Hills, Michigan]]|id=K1622000673|archive-date=June 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611033813/https://galeapps.gale.com/apps/auth?userGroupName=chan86036&origURL=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DBIC%26u%3Dchan86036%26id%3DGALE%7CK1622000673%26v%3D2.1%26it%3Dr&prodId=BIC|url-status=live}}</ref> তেওঁ নটা সন্তানৰ ভিতৰত ষষ্ঠজন আছিল।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dreier|first1=Peter|title=A Totally Moral Man: The Life of Nonviolent Organizer Rev. James Lawson|url=http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/10066-a-totally-moral-man-the-life-of-nonviolent-organizer-rev-james-lawson.|website=Thrthout|date=August 15, 2012|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-date=June 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611033810/https://truthout.org/articles/a-totally-moral-man-the-life-of-nonviolent-organizer-rev-james-lawson/|url-status=live}}</ref> তেওঁ মাছিলন, অহাইঅ'ত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। লছনৰ পিতৃ আৰু ককাক দুয়োজনেই মেথডিষ্ট ধৰ্মযাজক আছিল। ১৯৪৭ চনত হাইস্কুলৰ অন্তিম বৰ্ষত থাকোঁতেই লছনে ধৰ্মযাজক হিচাপে কাম কৰাৰ অনুজ্ঞাপত্ৰ লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name="pbs.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/witnesses/james_lawson.html|title=This Far by Faith . James Lawson|publisher=PBS|access-date=March 28, 2017|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327080742/http://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/witnesses/james_lawson.html|url-status=live}}</ref> অহাইঅ'ৰ বেৰিয়াত অৱস্থিত বাল্ডউইন ৱালেছ কলেজত প্ৰথম বৰ্ষত পঢ়ি থকা সময়ত তেওঁ সমাজবিজ্ঞান অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল। সামৰিক বাহিনীত নিযুক্তি পোৱাৰ পিছতো [[আমেৰিকা]]ৰ সামৰিক সেৱাত যোগদান কৰিবলৈ অস্বীকাৰ কৰাৰ বাবে তেওঁক সামৰিক সেৱা এৰাই চলাৰ অপৰাধত দোষী সাব্যস্ত কৰা হৈছিল আৰু দুবছৰৰ কাৰাদণ্ড দিয়া হৈছিল। তেওঁ ১৩ মাহ কাৰাদণ্ড ভোগ কৰাৰ পাছত কলেজলৈ উভতি আহি শিক্ষা সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰে।<ref name="Gale Virtual Refernce">{{cite journal|last1=Dowdy|first1=Gerald Wayne|title=James Lawson|journal=Encyclopedia of African American History|volume=3|pages=856–858|url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2442300539/GVRL?u=puya65247&sid=GVRL&xid=1e6b1ee4|access-date=February 27, 2018|archive-date=March 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312073423/https://ezproxy-h.pierce.ctc.edu/login?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DGVRL&u=puya65247&id=GALE|url-status=live}}</ref> তেওঁ ফেল'শ্বিপ অৱ ৰিকনচিলিয়েচন (FOR) নামৰ এ. জে. মাষ্টেৰ নেতৃত্বাধীন সংগঠনটোত যোগদান কৰে আৰু কংগ্ৰেছ অৱ ৰেচিয়েল ইকুৱেলিটি (CORE) নামৰ FOR-ৰ সৈতে জড়িত আন এটা সংগঠনতো যোগদান কৰে। FOR আৰু CORE—দুয়োটাই বৰ্ণবাদৰ বিৰুদ্ধে অহিংস প্ৰতিৰোধৰ পোষকতা কৰিছিল।<ref name="Gale Virtual Refernce"/> তেওঁ মেথডিষ্ট মিছনেৰী হিচাপে ভাৰতৰ [[নাগপুৰ]]লৈ যায়। তাত তেওঁ [[সত্যাগ্ৰহ]] অধ্যয়ন কৰে, যি [[মহাত্মা গান্ধী]] আৰু তেওঁৰ অনুগামীসকলে বিকশিত কৰা অহিংস প্ৰতিৰোধৰ এক পদ্ধতি আছিল।<ref name=Houck>{{cite book|title=Rhetoric, religion and the civil rights movement, 1954–1965|url=https://archive.org/details/rhetoricreligion00houc|url-access=limited|first1=Davis W.|last1=Houck|first2=David E.|last2=Dixon|year=2006|publisher=Baylor University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/rhetoricreligion00houc/page/n368 356]–363|isbn=9781932792546}}</ref> ১৯৫৬ চনত তেওঁ আমেৰিকালৈ উভতি আহি অহাইঅ'ৰ অবাৰ্লিন কলেজৰ ধৰ্মতত্ত্ব স্নাতকোত্তৰ বিদ্যালয়ত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। অবাৰ্লিনৰ এগৰাকী অধ্যাপকে তেওঁক মাৰ্টিন লুথাৰ কিং জুনিয়ৰৰ সৈতে চিনাকি কৰাই দিয়ে; কিংয়েও গান্ধীৰ অহিংস প্ৰতিৰোধৰ নীতি গ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>[[Sudarshan Kapur]], ''Raising up a Prophet. The African-American encounter with Gandhi'' (Boston: Beacon Press 1992), pp. 155–156 (as "Gandhian-Christian", trip to India, meets M. L. King), 161 (links Indian and African-American movements), 162 (as "nonviolent trainer").</ref> ১৯৫৭ চনত কিংয়ে লছনক দক্ষিণলৈ যাবলৈ আহ্বান জনাই কৈছিল, "এতিয়াই আহক। তাত আপোনাৰ দৰে কোনো নাই।" লছন নেছভিললৈ যায়, য'ত তেওঁ ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত অধ্যয়ন কৰাৰ লগতে অহিংস প্ৰতিবাদৰ কৌশলসমূহ শিকাবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে।<ref name="Stanford University">{{cite web|title=Lawson, James M.|url=https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/lawson-james-m|website=King Encyclopedia|date=May 10, 2017|publisher=Stanford University|access-date=December 3, 2019|archive-date=December 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211210950/https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/lawson-james-m|url-status=live}}</ref> লছনে ১৯৫৬ৰপৰা ১৯৫৭ চনলৈ অবাৰ্লিন কলেজত অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল আৰু তাত এবছৰ থকাৰ পিছত ড'ৰথি উডক বিয়া কৰায়। তেওঁলোকৰ তিনিজন পুত্ৰ আছিল।<ref name="Gale Virtual Reference">{{cite journal|last1=Dowdy|first1=Gerald Wayne|title=James Lawson|journal=Encyclopedia of African American History|volume=3|pages=856–858|url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2442300539/GVRL?u=puya65247&sid=GVRL&xid=1e6b1ee4|access-date=March 8, 2018|archive-date=March 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312073423/https://ezproxy-h.pierce.ctc.edu/login?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgo.gale.com%2Fps%2Fi.do%3Fp%3DGVRL&u=puya65247&id=GALE|url-status=live}}</ref> তেওঁ ১৯৫৮ৰপৰা ১৯৬০ চনলৈ ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্টত অধ্যয়ন কৰে। ১৯৬০ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ আন্দোলনত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ হোৱাৰ ঘটনাসমূহৰ সৈতে জড়িত থকাৰ বাবে লছনক ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্টৰপৰা বহিষ্কাৰ কৰা হয়। কিন্তু সেই একেটা বছৰতে তেওঁ বষ্টন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পৰা পৱিত্ৰ ধৰ্মতত্ত্বৰ স্নাতক (S.T.B.) ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Stanford University"/> লছনে শ্বেলবিভিল, টেনেছিৰ স্কট চাৰ্চত ধৰ্মযাজক হিচাপে নিযুক্তি লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Gale Virtual Reference" /> ==নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ আন্দোলনত নেতৃত্ব== {{external media | float = right | video1 = [http://americanarchive.org/catalog/cpb-aacip-151-1c1td9ns49 "জেমছ এম. লছন জুনিয়ৰৰ সাক্ষাৎকাৰ"] ১৯৮৫ চনত [[Eyes on the Prize]] তথ্যচিত্ৰৰ বাবে গ্ৰহণ কৰা হৈছিল; ইয়াত তেওঁ নেছভিলৰ ছিট-ইন আন্দোলনৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰিছে। }} লছন নেছভিল, টেনেছিলৈ যায় আৰু ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ডিভিনিটি স্কুলত নামভৰ্তি কৰে। ১৯৫৮ চনত তেওঁ এটা গীৰ্জাৰ তলৰ মহলাত দক্ষিণ খ্ৰীষ্টান নেতৃত্ব সন্মিলনৰ বাবে অহিংসা প্ৰশিক্ষণ কৰ্মশালা অনুষ্ঠিত কৰাৰ লগতে CORE-ৰ দক্ষিণাঞ্চলীয় সঞ্চালক হিচাপেও কাম কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। নেছভিলত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্ট, ফিস্ক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আৰু অঞ্চলটোৰ অন্যান্য শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানৰ বহু যুৱ ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীৰ সৈতে পৰিচিত হয় আৰু তেওঁলোকক অহিংস প্ৰত্যক্ষ কাৰ্যকলাপৰ কৌশলসমূহৰ প্ৰশিক্ষণ দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aforcemorepowerful.org/films/pdfs/studyGuide-en.pdf|title=A Force More Powerful (English study guide)|access-date=April 19, 2008|first=Jonathan|last=Mogul|pages=4 et seq|editor=Barbara de Boinville|quote=Inspired by a trip to India to study Gandhi and by the 1955 bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, led by [[Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King Jr]], Lawson decides to try his own hand at nonviolent struggle against racial segregation.|archive-date=May 29, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529220024/http://www.aforcemorepowerful.org/films/pdfs/studyGuide-en.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529220024/http://www.aforcemorepowerful.org/films/pdfs/studyGuide-en.pdf|archivedate=May 29, 2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref> নেছভিলত তেওঁ নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ আন্দোলনৰ ভৱিষ্যতৰ বহু নেতাক প্ৰশিক্ষণ দিছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ ভিতৰত আছিল ডায়েন নেশ্ব, জেমছ বিভেল, বাৰ্নাৰ্ড লাফায়েট, মেৰিয়ন বেৰী আৰু জন লুইছ। ১৯৫৯ আৰু ১৯৬০ চনত তেওঁলোক আৰু লছনৰদ্বাৰা প্ৰশিক্ষিত আন কৰ্মীসকলে চহৰৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় অঞ্চলৰ দোকানসমূহত চলি থকা বৰ্ণভিত্তিক পৃথক্কৰণক প্ৰত্যাহ্বান জনাবলৈ নেছভিল ছিট-ইন আন্দোলন আৰম্ভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.crmvet.org/crmpics/albums/60_nashville_liner.pdf|title=THE NASHVILLE SIT-IN STORY|website=Civil Rights Movement Archive|access-date=June 10, 2024|archive-date=May 25, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525161136/https://www.crmvet.org/crmpics/albums/60_nashville_liner.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> ১৯৬০ চনৰ ফেব্ৰুৱাৰী মাহত গ্ৰিনছব'ৰ', নৰ্থ কেৰ'লিনাৰ উলৱৰ্থছ দোকানসমূহত ছাত্ৰসকলে মধ্যাহ্নভোজনৰ আসনত কৰা ছিট-ইনৰ পিছত লছন আৰু আন কেইবাজনো লোকক গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়। তেওঁলোকৰ কাৰ্যকলাপৰ ফলত কেইবাখনো মধ্যাহ্নভোজনৰ কাউণ্টাৰত বৰ্ণভিত্তিক পৃথক্কৰণৰ অৱসান ঘটে।<ref name="Gale Virtual Refernce" /> এই কাৰ্যকলাপসমূহত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাৰ বাবে লছনক ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্টৰপৰা বহিষ্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="sumner34">{{cite journal|last1=Sumner|first1=David E.|title=The Publisher and the Preacher: Racial Conflict at Vanderbilt University|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_tennessee-historical-quarterly_spring-1997_56_1/page/34|journal=Tennessee Historical Quarterly|date=Spring 1997|volume=56|issue=1|pages=34–43|jstor=42627327}}</ref> বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ন্যাস পৰিষদৰ সদস্য আৰু ''[[Nashville Banner|নেছভিল বেনাৰ]]''ৰ প্ৰকাশক জেমছ গেডেছ ষ্টালমেনে লছনক বহিষ্কাৰ কৰাৰ পথ প্ৰশস্ত কৰা বিভ্ৰান্তিকৰ বাতৰি প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল।<ref name="sumner34"/> আন এগৰাকী ন্যাস সদস্য তথা কেইন-স্ল'নৰ সভাপতি জন স্ল'নে তেওঁক বহিষ্কাৰ কৰাৰ ষ্টালমেনৰ প্ৰস্তাৱক সমৰ্থন কৰিছিল।<ref name="nashvilleway106">{{cite book |last1=Houston |first1=Benjamin |title=The Nashville Way: Racial Etiquette and the Struggle for Social Justice in a Southern City |date=2012 |publisher=University of Georgia Press |location=Athens, Georgia |isbn=9780820343266|oclc=940632744 |pages=106–107}}</ref> তীব্ৰ চাপৰ মাজত বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ চেন্সেলৰ হাৰ্ভি ব্ৰান্সকম্বে এই সিদ্ধান্ত কাৰ্যকৰী কৰে। পিছলৈ ব্ৰান্সকম্বে নিজৰ সিদ্ধান্ত পুনৰ বিবেচনা কৰি দুখ প্ৰকাশ কৰে যে লছনৰ স্নাতক সম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱালৈকে তিনিমাহ সিদ্ধান্ত পিছুৱাবলৈ বিষয়টো এখন সমিতিলৈ প্ৰেৰণ কৰাৰ কথা তেওঁ বিবেচনা কৰা নাছিল।<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Branscomb |first=Harvie |title=Purely Academic: An Autobiography |publisher=Vanderbilt University |year=1978 |location=Nashville, TN |pages=155–165, at 161 |language=English}}</ref> ২০০৬ চনৰ সমাৱৰ্তন অনুষ্ঠানত ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্টে লছনৰ সৈতে কৰা আচৰণৰ বাবে ক্ষমা বিচাৰে।<ref name="theoemery">Theo Emery, [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/04/education/04lawson.html?_r=0 Activist Ousted From Vanderbilt Is Back, as a Teacher] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309120337/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/04/education/04lawson.html?_r=0 |date=March 9, 2018 }}, ''The New York Times '', October 4, 2006</ref> ২০০৬ৰপৰা ২০০৯ চনলৈ লছনে ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্টলৈ উভতি আহি বিশিষ্ট অধ্যাপক হিচাপে পাঠদান কৰে। ২০১৩ চনত তেওঁ নিজৰ নথি-পত্ৰসমূহ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ক দান কৰে।<ref name="vanderbiltnewslawsondonates">{{cite web|last1=Deer Owens|first1=Ann Marie|title=James Lawson donates papers to Vanderbilt|url=https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2013/02/19/james-lawson-papers/|website=Vanderbilt News|publisher=Vanderbilt University|access-date=December 17, 2017|date=February 19, 2013|archive-date=June 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623033326/https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2013/02/19/james-lawson-papers/|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623033326/https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2013/02/19/james-lawson-papers/|archivedate=June 23, 2018|deadurl=yes}}</ref> পিছৰ কেইবছৰমানত লছনৰ ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰীসকলে মুকলি নাট্য আন্দোলন , ফ্ৰিডম ৰাইডছ, ৱাশ্বিংটনলৈ মাৰ্চ, ফ্ৰিডম ছামাৰ, মিছিছিপি ফ্ৰিডম ডেম'ক্ৰেটিক পাৰ্টি, বাৰ্মিংহামৰ শিশু আন্দোলন, ১৯৬৫ চনৰ ছেলমা ভোটাধিকাৰ আন্দোলন, চিকাগো ফ্ৰিডম আন্দোলন আৰু ভিয়েটনাম যুদ্ধবিৰোধী আন্দোলনত গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ভূমিকা পালন কৰিছিল। ১৯৬২ চনত লছনে কিং আৰু বিভেলক এখন বৈঠকত একেলগে মিলিত কৰাই দিয়ে। সেই বৈঠকৰ ফলত দুয়োজনে সমান অংশীদাৰ হিচাপে একেলগে কাম কৰিবলৈ সন্মত হয়।<ref>"Movement Revision Research Summary Regarding James Bevel" by Randy Kryn, October 2005, published by [[Middlebury College]]</ref> ইয়াৰ পিছত বিভেলক SCLC-ৰ প্ৰত্যক্ষ কাৰ্যকলাপৰ সঞ্চালক আৰু অহিংস শিক্ষা বিভাগৰ সঞ্চালক হিচাপে নিযুক্ত কৰা হয়। ১৯৬১ চনত লছনে ফ্ৰিডম ৰাইডাৰ্ছৰ কৌশল প্ৰস্তুত কৰাত সহায় কৰে। কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখিবলৈ লছনে ছাত্ৰসকলক আলাবামাৰপৰা ফ্ৰিডম ৰাইডৰ দ্বিতীয়টো পৰ্যায় আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ পৰিকল্পনা কৰিবলৈ উৎসাহিত কৰে আৰু নিজেও দলটোত যোগদান কৰে। তেওঁলোক নিৰাপদে জেকছন, মিছিছিপিত উপস্থিত হয়। কিন্তু "কেৱল শ্বেতাংগসকলৰ বাবে" সংৰক্ষিত অপেক্ষাকক্ষত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাৰ পাছত তেওঁলোকক গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হয়। জেকছনত হোৱা ফ্ৰিডম ৰাইডৰ গ্ৰেপ্তাৰৰ সময়ত লছন প্ৰথমসকলৰ ভিতৰত এগৰাকী আছিল যাক গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/06/10/james-lawson-civil-rights-dead/|title=James Lawson, an architect of civil rights nonviolence, dies at 95|first=Paul W.|last=Valentine|newspaper=Washington Post|date=June 10, 2024|accessdate=June 10, 2024}}</ref> [[NAACP]]-এ জামিনৰ ধন পৰিশোধ কৰিবলৈ আগবাঢ়িছিল যদিও লছন আৰু আনসকলে জামিন ল'বলৈ অস্বীকাৰ কৰি বিচাৰৰ বাবে অপেক্ষা কৰে। বিচাৰকে ২৭জনকে দোষী সাব্যস্ত কৰে আৰু তেওঁলোক কাৰাগাৰতেই থাকে। লছন আৰু ফ্ৰিডম ৰাইডাৰ্ছসকলে এটৰ্নি জেনেৰেল ৰবাৰ্ট এফ. কেনেডীৰ সৈতে সাক্ষাৎ কৰে আৰু ১৯৬১ চনৰ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ মাহত ৰাষ্ট্ৰপতি জন এফ. কেনেডীয়ে যাত্ৰীসকলক যিকোনো আসনত বহিব পৰাৰ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dreier|first1=Peter|title=A Totally Moral Man: The Life of Nonviolent Organizer Rev. James Lawson|url=http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/10066-a-totally-moral-man-the-life-of-nonviolent-organizer-rev-james-lawson|website=Truthout|date=August 15, 2012|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-date=March 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316084856/http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/10066-a-totally-moral-man-the-life-of-nonviolent-organizer-rev-james-lawson|url-status=live}}</ref> {{quote box | width=30em | bgcolor=#d9e8fc | align=left | fontsize=85% | border=1px | quote="আৰু মই এই মহান ব্যক্তিসকলৰ নেতৃত্বত থকা ধৰ্মযাজকসকলক প্ৰশংসা কৰিব বিচাৰোঁ—জেমছ লছন, যিজন বহু বছৰ ধৰি এই সংগ্ৰামত আছে; সংগ্ৰাম কৰাৰ বাবে তেওঁ কাৰাগাৰলৈ গৈছে; এই সংগ্ৰামৰ বাবেই তেওঁক ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা বহিষ্কাৰ কৰা হৈছিল, তথাপি তেওঁ এতিয়াও আগবাঢ়ি গৈছে, নিজৰ লোকসকলৰ অধিকাৰৰ বাবে যুঁজি আছে।" | source=— মাৰ্টিন লুথাৰ কিং জুনিয়ৰ, ১৯৬৮<ref name=AmerRet>{{cite web| url=https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop.htm| title=I've Been to the Mountaintop| author=Martin Luther King Jr.| publisher=American Rhetoric| date=April 3, 1968| format= Transcript}}</ref>}} ১৯৬২ চনত লছন মেমফিছ, টেনেছিৰ চেণ্টেনাৰী মেথডিষ্ট চাৰ্চৰ ধৰ্মযাজক হয়। ১৯৬৮ চনত কৃষ্ণাংগ চেনিটেচন কৰ্মীসকলে অধিক মজুৰি আৰু সংঘবদ্ধভাৱে দৰ-দাম কৰাৰ অধিকাৰৰ দাবীত মেমফিছ চেনিটেচন ধৰ্মঘট আৰম্ভ কৰে। ইয়াৰ আগতে তেওঁলোকৰ দুজন সহকৰ্মী দুৰ্ঘটনাত মৃত্যু হৈছিল। সেই ধৰ্মঘটৰ সমিতিৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপে ৰেভাৰেণ্ড লছনে কাম কৰিছিল। তেওঁ Committee on the Move to Equality (COME) নামৰ সংগঠনটোও সহ-প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰে। লছনে ড° কিংক মেমফিছত ভাষণ দিবলৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ জনায়।<ref name="Gale Virtual Refernce" /> কিংয়ে তেওঁৰ বিখ্যাত "[[I've Been to the Mountaintop|আইভ বিন টু দ্য মাউণ্টেইনটপ]]" ভাষণ প্ৰদান কৰে আৰু ১৯৬৮ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত মেমফিছতে তেওঁ নিহত হয়।<ref name="Gale Virtual Refernce" /> ==পৰৱৰ্তী কৰ্মজীৱন== ১৯৭৪ চনত লছন লছ এঞ্জেলছলৈ যায় আৰু তাত হলমেন ইউনাইটেড মেথডিষ্ট চাৰ্চৰ ধৰ্মযাজক হিচাপে কাৰ্যনিৰ্বাহ কৰে। ১৯৯৯ চনত তেওঁ অৱসৰ লয় যদিও নাগৰিক অধিকাৰৰ কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখে। লছ এঞ্জেলছত থকাৰ সময়ত তেওঁ শ্ৰমিক আন্দোলন, আমেৰিকান চিভিল লিবাৰ্টিজ ইউনিয়ন আৰু প্ৰজনন অধিকাৰ আৰু সমকামী অধিকাৰৰ আন্দোলনৰ সৈতে সক্ৰিয়ভাৱে জড়িত আছিল। তেওঁ লেইটি ইউনাইটেড ফৰ ইকনমিক জাষ্টিচৰ অধ্যক্ষ হিচাপেও কাম কৰিছিল।<ref name="Gale Virtual Refernce" /> এই সময়ছোৱাত লছনে ''Lawson Live'' নামৰ সাপ্তাহিক ফোন-ইন ৰেডিঅ' অনুষ্ঠান এটা পৰিচালনা কৰিছিল, য'ত তেওঁ মানৱ অধিকাৰ আৰু সামাজিক অধিকাৰৰ বিভিন্ন বিষয় আলোচনা কৰিছিল।<ref name="pbs.org" /> তেওঁ অহিংসাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত কৰ্মীসকলক প্ৰশিক্ষণ দি যোৱাৰ লগতে আমেৰিকাত অভিবাসীসকলৰ অধিকাৰ, পেলেষ্টাইনীসকলৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু শ্ৰমিকসকলৰ জীৱন-ধাৰণৰ উপযোগী মজুৰি লাভৰ অধিকাৰৰ সমৰ্থন কৰি গৈছিল। ২০০৭ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহত ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ সক্ৰিয় নাগৰিকত্ব আৰু সেৱাৰ কাৰ্যালয়ে আয়োজন কৰা বহুল প্ৰচাৰিত তিনিদিনীয়া ফ্ৰিডম ৰাইড স্মাৰক কাৰ্যসূচীত লছনে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। এই কাৰ্যসূচীত মণ্টগোমেৰী( আলাবামা), আৰু বাৰমিংহামলৈ এখন শিক্ষামূলক বাছ ভ্ৰমণ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। অংশগ্ৰহণকাৰীসকলৰ ভিতৰত নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ কৰ্মী জিম জৱাৰ্গ, ডায়েন নেশ্ব, বাৰ্নাৰ্ড লাফায়েট, চি. টি. ভিভিয়ান আৰু জন ছেইগেনথালাৰ; সাংবাদিক; আৰু ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্ট, ফিস্ক, টেনেছি ষ্টেট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আৰু আমেৰিকান বেপ্টিষ্ট কলেজৰ প্ৰায় ১৮০জন ছাত্ৰ-ছাত্ৰী, শিক্ষক আৰু প্ৰশাসক আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2007/01/30/freedom-ride-2007-inspires-participants-to-create-change-64490/|title=Freedom Ride 2007 inspires participants to create change|last=Lewis|first=Princine|date=January 30, 2007|website=Vanderbilt News|access-date=June 10, 2024|archive-date=June 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626082846/https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2007/01/30/freedom-ride-2007-inspires-participants-to-create-change-64490/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:James Lawson 2010.jpg|thumb|right|২০১০ চনত নেছভিল ছিট-ইন আন্দোলন সম্পৰ্কীয় এখন আলোচনাচক্ৰৰ পিছত এগৰাকী দৰ্শকৰ সৈতে কথা পাতি থকা লছন]] ২০১০–১১ শিক্ষাবৰ্ষত লছনে কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া ষ্টেট ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি নৰ্থৰিজ (CSUN)-ৰ নাগৰিক বক্তৃতা আৰু সামাজিক পৰিৱৰ্তন উদ্যোগৰ ভ্ৰমণকাৰী ফেকাল্টি হিচাপে নেতৃত্ব দিয়ে। পিছলৈ তেওঁ ভিজিটিং স্কোলাৰ হিচাপে অহিংসাৰ ওপৰত এটা ছেমিষ্টাৰজোৰা পাঠ্যক্ৰম পঢ়ুৱাই যায় আৰু ২০২৪ চনত মৃত্যুৰ সময়লৈকে এই কাম অব্যাহত ৰাখে।<ref name="csun">{{cite web|url=http://www.csun.edu/cdsc/|title=Civil Discourse and Social Change|publisher=csun.edu|access-date=January 12, 2014|archive-date=October 8, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008073101/http://www.csun.edu/cdsc/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Moran-Perez |first=Gillian |date=February 26, 2020 |title=A Lesson from Reverend James M. Lawson Jr. |url=https://sundial.csun.edu/156541/news/a-lesson-from-reverend-james-m-lawson-jr/ |work=Daily Sundial |location=[[Northridge, California]] |access-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-date=January 20, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120202920/https://sundial.csun.edu/156541/news/a-lesson-from-reverend-james-m-lawson-jr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> এই উদ্যোগে CSUN-ৰ সক্ৰিয়তা আৰু বৈচিত্ৰ্যৰ ইতিহাসৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি শিক্ষা সম্পৰ্কীয় সেই সময়ৰ বাজেট আৰু নীতি-নিৰ্ধাৰণৰ বিতৰ্কসমূহৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছিল। লছনে কেম্পাছটোলৈ দৃষ্টিভংগী, জ্ঞান আৰু কৌশলগত চিন্তাধাৰা আগবঢ়োৱাত সহায় কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csun.edu/civil-discourse-social-change|title=Civil Discourse & Social Change|website=CSUN Website|date=October 6, 2017|access-date=June 10, 2024|archive-date=October 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019062557/https://csun.edu/civil-discourse-social-change|url-status=live}}</ref> অহিংস সংঘাতৰ আন্তৰ্জাতিক কেন্দ্ৰ এ ২০১৩ আৰু ২০১৪ চনত নেছভিলত লছনৰ নেতৃত্বত নাগৰিক প্ৰতিৰোধৰ ওপৰত আঠদিনীয়া কাৰ্যসূচী আয়োজন কৰিছিল।<ref name="icnc-jli">{{cite web |title=James Lawson Institute |url=https://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/james-lawson-institute/ |website=[[International Center on Nonviolent Conflict]] |date=May 15, 2017 |access-date=June 10, 2024|archive-date=February 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227210513/https://www.nonviolent-conflict.org/james-lawson-institute/|url-status=live}}</ref> লছন, কেণ্ট ৱং, [[Kelly Lytle Hernandez|কেলি লাইটল হাৰ্নান্দেজ]] আৰু আনা লুজ গনজালেছে পঢ়োৱা এটা পাঠ্যক্ৰমৰপৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ UCLA-ৰ ছাত্ৰসকলে {{Cite book |last1=Wong |first1=Kent |last2=González |first2=Ana Luz |last3=Lawson |first3=James M. |title=Nonviolence and Social Movements |year=2016 |publisher=Center for Labor Research and Education, University of California, Los Angeles |isbn=978-0-9836289-6-5}} নামৰ গ্ৰন্থখন প্ৰকাশ কৰে। গ্ৰন্থখনত লছনে শিকোৱা অহিংসা আৰু সামাজিক পৰিৱৰ্তনৰ নীতিসমূহৰ ওপৰত গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="ucla-nsm">{{cite web |title=Share this Publication Download PDF Nonviolence and Social Movements: The Teachings of Rev. James M. Lawson Jr. |url=https://irle.ucla.edu/publication/nonviolence-and-social-movements-the-teachings-of-rev-james-m-lawson-jr/ |website=UCLA Institute for Research on Labor & Employment |date=September 23, 2020 |publisher=[[UCLA]] |access-date=June 10, 2024 |archive-date=March 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303224820/https://irle.ucla.edu/publication/nonviolence-and-social-movements-the-teachings-of-rev-james-m-lawson-jr/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==মৃত্যু== লছনৰ ২০২৪ চনৰ ৯ জুনত লছ এঞ্জেলছৰ এখন চিকিৎসালয়ত ৯৫ বছৰ বয়সত মৃত্যু হয়।<ref>{{cite web|title=Breaking News: Rev. James M. Lawson Jr. Passes Away|url=https://lasentinel.net/breaking-news-rev-james-lawson-jr-passes-away.html|publisher=[[Los Angeles Sentinel]]|date=June 10, 2024|access-date=June 10, 2024|archive-date=June 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611033814/https://lasentinel.net/breaking-news-rev-james-lawson-jr-passes-away.html|url-status=live}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/obituaries/2024/06/10/james-lawson-civil-rights-dead/|title= James Lawson, architect of nonviolent protest of civil rights movement, dies at 95|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=June 10, 2024}}</ref> তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু ১৯৬৪ চনৰ নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ আইনৰ ছিনেটত চলি থকা ফিলিবাষ্টাৰ ভংগ কৰাৰ ৬০সংখ্যক বাৰ্ষিকীৰ এদিন আগতে হৈছিল। ==সন্মান== ২০০৪ চনত তেওঁ কমিউনিটি অৱ ক্ৰাইষ্ট আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় শান্তি বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cofchrist.org/international-peace-award|title=Recipients|website=Community of Christ International Peace Award|access-date=June 10, 2024|archive-date=March 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331234352/https://www.cofchrist.org/international-peace-award|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০২১ চনৰ ১০ ডিচেম্বৰত ইউচিএলএ (UCLA)ই মেকআৰ্থাৰ পাৰ্কৰ কাষত থকা ইউচিএলএ লেবাৰ চেণ্টাৰৰ ভৱনটোৰ নাম সলনি কৰি ইউচিএলএ জেমছ এম লছন জুনিয়ৰ লেবাৰ চেণ্টাৰ (UCLA James M. Lawson Jr. Labor Center) ৰখাৰ কথা ঘোষণা কৰে। শ্ৰমিকৰ অধিকাৰ আৰু শ্ৰমিকসকলৰ কল্যাণৰ বাবে দীৰ্ঘদিন ধৰি আগবঢ়োৱা অৱদানৰ সন্মানত এই নামকৰণ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite news|title=A perfect tribute: UCLA names labor center building in honor of Rev. James Lawson Jr.|url=https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/james-lawson-labor-center-building-dedication|access-date=December 11, 2021|publisher=UCLA|language=en-US|archive-date=December 11, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211192736/https://newsroom.ucla.edu/stories/james-lawson-labor-center-building-dedication|url-status=live}}</ref> ২০১৯ চনৰ ২৪ এপ্ৰিলত কাউন্সিলৰ সদস্য নিক ফিছৰ মনোনয়নৰ ফলত প'ৰ্টলেণ্ডৰ মেয়ৰ আৰু চহৰ পৰিষদে চিটি হলত অনুষ্ঠিত এক অনুষ্ঠানত সেই দিনটো ''ৰেভাৰেণ্ড জেমছ লছন জুনিয়ৰ দিৱস'' হিচাপে ঘোষণা কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Honoring Dr. James Lawson |date=April 24, 2019 |website=The City of Portland, Oregon |access-date=June 10, 2024 |url=https://www.portlandoregon.gov/fish/article/729673 |archive-date=December 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210000844/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/fish/article/729673 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210000844/https://www.portlandoregon.gov/fish/article/729673 |archivedate=December 10, 2023 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> সেই নিশা ৰেভাৰেণ্ড লছনে প'ৰ্টলেণ্ড ষ্টেট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত জনসাধাৰণৰ বাবে মূল ভাষণ প্ৰদান কৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে শান্তি অধ্যয়নৰ পণ্ডিত আৰু [[SNCC]]-ৰ প্ৰাক্তন যোগাযোগ সহ-সঞ্চালক (জুলিয়ান বণ্ডৰ সৈতে) মেৰী ই. কিঙৰদ্বাৰা আয়োজিত ষষ্ঠ জেমছ লছন ইনষ্টিটিউটৰ পাঁচদিনীয়া কাৰ্যসূচী আৰম্ভ হয়। ২০২৩ চনৰ ২৮ জুলাইত নেছভিল, টেনেছিত জেমছ লছন হাইস্কুল মুকলি কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Amelia |date=August 8, 2023 |title=James Lawson High School welcomes 1,200 Metro students to new school |url=https://www.newschannel5.com/news/james-lawson-high-school-welcomes-1-200-metro-students-to-new-school |access-date=January 16, 2024 |website=News Channel 5 Nashville (WTVF) |language=en |archive-date=January 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116152246/https://www.newschannel5.com/news/james-lawson-high-school-welcomes-1-200-metro-students-to-new-school |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Our School |url=https://lawson.mnps.org/our_school |access-date=January 16, 2024 |publisher=James Lawson High School |language=en-US |archive-date=January 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116150059/https://lawson.mnps.org/our_school |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনত হলমেন ইউনাইটেড মেথডিষ্ট চাৰ্চৰ ওচৰৰ এডামছ বলিভাৰ্ডৰপৰা প্ৰায় ১ মাইল অংশ তেওঁৰ সন্মানত পুনৰ নামকৰণ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pulliam |first=Tim |date=January 14, 2024 |title=Los Angeles honors civil-rights icon Rev. James Lawson with street named in his honor |url=https://abc7.com/rev-james-lawson-mile-south-los-angeles-street-civil-rights-movement-adams-blvd/14324636/ |access-date=January 16, 2024 |work=ABC 7 |archive-date=January 16, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116151524/https://abc7.com/rev-james-lawson-mile-south-los-angeles-street-civil-rights-movement-adams-blvd/14324636/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==গণমাধ্যমত== ২০১৩ চনৰ ''দ্য বাটলাৰ '' চলচ্চিত্ৰত অভিনেতা জেছী উইলিয়ামছে লছনৰ চৰিত্ৰ ৰূপায়ণ কৰে। চলচ্চিত্ৰখনত ১৯৫০ আৰু ১৯৬০ৰ দশকৰ নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ আন্দোলনৰ প্ৰতিবাদসমূহৰ সময়ত লছনে দিয়া প্ৰশিক্ষণৰ অধিৱেশনসমূহৰ চিত্ৰণ কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="yn-22aug2013">{{cite news |title='The Butler' Star Took Real Freedom Rider to Premiere |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/butler-star-took-real-freedom-155039156.html |access-date=June 10, 2024 |work=[[Yahoo! News]] |date=August 22, 2013 |archive-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611033809/https://www.yahoo.com/news/butler-star-took-real-freedom-155039156.html |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611033809/https://www.yahoo.com/news/butler-star-took-real-freedom-155039156.html |archivedate=June 11, 2024 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> লছনক লৈ মাইকেল কে. হানীয়ে ''Love and Solidarity: Rev. James Lawson and Nonviolence in the Search for Workers Rights'' নামৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰখন নিৰ্মাণ কৰে। চলচ্চিত্ৰখনত শ্ৰমিক অধিকাৰৰ সংগ্ৰাম আৰু নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ আন্দোলনলৈ লছনে আগবঢ়োৱা অৱদানৰ পৰিচয় দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="History News Network">{{cite web|last1=Lindley|first1=Robin|title=Why It's Time to Get to Know Black Civil Rights Activist James Lawson: An Interview with Michael K. Honey|url=https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/165542|website=History News Network|date=April 2, 2017 |access-date=March 3, 2018|archive-date=July 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703232502/http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/165542|url-status=live}}</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} ; গ্ৰন্থ {{Refbegin}} *Arsenault, Raymond. ''[https://archive.org/details/freedomriders1960000arse Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice]''. নিউয়ৰ্ক: [[Oxford University Press]], ২০০৬। *Branch, Taylor. ''Parting the Waters: [[America in the King Years]], 1954–1963''. নিউয়ৰ্ক: Simon & Schuster, ১৯৮৮। *Burns, Stewart. ''[https://archive.org/details/tomountaintopmar00stew To the Mountain Top: Martin Luther King Jr.'s Sacred Mission to Save American, 1955–1968.]'' নিউয়ৰ্ক: HarperCollins, ২০০৪। *Clayborne, Carson. ''[https://archive.org/details/instrugglesnccbl00cars In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s.]'' কেমব্ৰিজ, মেছাচুছেটছ: [[Harvard University Press]], ১৯৮১। *Conkin, Paul K. ''Gone with the Ivy: A Biography of Vanderbilt University''. নক্সভিল: [[University of Tennessee Press]], ১৯৮৫। *Halberstam, David. [https://archive.org/details/children00halb ''The Children'']. নিউয়ৰ্ক: Random House, ১৯৯৮। *[[William Riches|Riches, William T. Martin]]. ''The Civil Rights Movement: Struggle and Resistance''. নিউয়ৰ্ক: Palgrave, ২০০৪। *Sumner, David. "James Lawson, Jr." ''[[Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture]]''. Ed. Carroll Van West. নেছভিল: [[Rutledge Hill Press]], ১৯৯৮। *Zinn, Howard. ''[[SNCC: The New Abolitionists]]''. কেমব্ৰিজ, মেছাচুছেটছ: [[South End Press]], ২০০২। {{Refend}} ; সাময়িকী {{Refbegin}} *"James Lawson Named 2005 Vanderbilt University Distinguished Alumnus." ''[[Tennessee Tribune]]'', ২২ ডিচেম্বৰ ২০০৫। *Mielczarek, Natalia. "Vanderbilt Hires Ex-student It Expelled for Civil Rights Activism." ''Tennessean'', ১৯ জানুৱাৰী ২০০৬। *Summer, David E. "The Publisher and the Preacher: Racial Conflict at Vanderbilt University." ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'' LVI (Spring 1997): 34–43. *Wynn, Linda T. "The Dawning of a New Day: The Nashville Sit-Ins, February 13, 1960 – May 10, 1960." ''Tennessee Historical Quarterly'' L (Spring 1991): 42–54. {{Refend}} ; অনলাইন '''<big>•</big>''' <small>[https://whospeaks.library.vanderbilt.edu/interview/james-m-lawson-jr "Interview with James M. Lawson" March 17, 1964"] ''Who Speaks for the Negro?''-ৰ ডিজিটেল আৰ্কাইভৰপৰা সংৰক্ষিত।</small> <small>(১৮ জানুৱাৰী ২০২১ত সংগ্ৰহ কৰা। )</small> ==অতিৰিক্ত পঠন== * {{Cite magazine |last=Lefer |first=Diane |date=March–April 2013 |title=An Interview with Rev. James Lawson |url=https://www.thebeliever.net/an-interview-with-rev-james-lawson/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321111901/https://www.thebeliever.net/an-interview-with-rev-james-lawson/ |archive-date=March 21, 2023 |magazine=[[The Believer (magazine)|The Believer]] |issue=97 |pages=73–82 }} * Gandhi, Rajmohan (March 2026). "James Lawson, Teacher of Satyagraha". ২৯৬ পৃষ্ঠা। প্ৰকাশক: www.speakingtigerbooks.com। প্ৰচ্ছদৰ ফটোত ১৯৬৮ চনৰ ২৮ মাৰ্চত অনুষ্ঠিত এখন সংবাদ-মেলত মাৰ্টিন লুথাৰ কিং জুনিয়ৰৰ সৈতে জেমছ লছনক দেখা গৈছে। ==বাহ্যিক সংযোগ== * [https://snccdigital.org/people/james-lawson/ SNCC Digital Gateway: James Lawson], SNCC Legacy Project আৰু Duke University-য়ে সৃষ্টি কৰা তথ্যচিত্ৰধৰ্মী ৱেবছাইট; ইয়াত Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee আৰু তৃণমূল পৰ্যায়ৰ সংগঠনৰ ইতিহাস ভিতৰৰ দৃষ্টিভংগীৰে উপস্থাপন কৰা হৈছে। * [http://www.spartacus-educational.com/USAClawsonJ.htm লছনৰ বিষয়ে সংক্ষিপ্ত UK পৃষ্ঠা], University of Kentucky Libraries-ৰ Robert Penn Warren Civil Rights Oral History Project, Louie B. Nunn Center for Oral History-ৰপৰা। * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121008041655/http://www.vanderbilt.edu/News/news/sept96/nr8.html Vanderbilt-ৰ Distinguished Alumnus বঁটা ঘোষণা] * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041209111131/http://www.pbs.org/weta/forcemorepowerful/nashville/interview.html |date=December 9, 2004 |title=A Force More Powerful – Interview: Rev. James Lawson }} * {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713085349/http://www.vanderbilt.edu/news/releases?id=24148 |date=July 13, 2007 |title=Lawson to Return to Vanderbilt as Professor }} * [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6676164 "The Rev. James Lawson: An Advocate of Peaceful Change" – National Public Radio-ত প্ৰকাশিত সাক্ষাৎকাৰ] * [http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/F-0029/ University of North Carolina-ৰ Southern Oral History Program-ৰ James M. Lawson-ৰ মৌখিক ইতিহাসৰ সাক্ষাৎকাৰ] [http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/ Oral Histories of the American South]-ৰ অন্তৰ্গত। * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131214063751/http://discoverarchive.vanderbilt.edu/handle/1803/1052 ''The Non-Violent Struggle'']। ৰেভাৰেণ্ড জেমছ লছনে ২০০৭ চনৰ শৰৎকালত ভেণ্ডাৰবিল্ট বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়োৱা পাঠ্যক্ৰমৰ পডকাষ্ট শৃংখলা। * {{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1327773/|title=The Butler (2013) – IMDb|publisher=imdb.com|access-date=April 4, 2014}} * {{C-SPAN|22163}} * [https://libguides.bw.edu/c.php?g=1002685&p=7263993#JamesLawson Encyclopedia of Baldwin Wallace University History: James Lawson] * The Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities' [[Who Speaks for the Negro?#External links|''Who Speaks for the Negro?'' Digital Archive Collection]]-ৰ নাগৰিক অধিকাৰ সাক্ষাৎকাৰ: [https://whospeaks.library.vanderbilt.edu/interview/james-m-lawson-jr Rev. James M. Lawson] (১৯৬৪) {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lawson, James}} [[শ্ৰেণী:মহাত্মা গান্ধী এডিটাথন, ২০২৬]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সমাজকৰ্মী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:শিক্ষাবিদ]] 44r7iu3homeiv9272x8u2bnay5cbfrd 0 140119 646176 645153 2026-10-20T02:44:37Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = চেকপইণ্ট পাস্তাৰ যুদ্ধ | part_of = ছোমালি গৃহ-যুদ্ধ আৰু ইউনোচম II (UNOSOM II) অভিযান | image = [[চিত্ৰ:OTO Melara Somalia 1993.jpg|thumb|right|200px|]] | image_size = | caption = মোগাদিছুৰ এটা পথত ইটালীৰ ফিয়েট-অ’টিঅ’ মেলেৰা টাইপ ৬৬১৪ সাঁজৰুৱা গাড়ী/যুদ্ধযান (১৯৯৩) | date = ২ জুলাই ১৯৯৩<ref name="european"/> | location = মোগাদিছু, [[ছোমালিয়া]]<ref name="european"/> | casus = | result = এছ.এন.এ.-ৰ বিজয়<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maier |first=Karl |date=1993-07-03 |title=THREE ITALIANS KILLED IN CLASH WITH SOMALIS |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/07/03/three-italians-killed-in-clash-with-somalis/8a832e5c-5039-408f-b991-c874f1cf9757/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-10-18 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |quote=At Checkpoint Pasta, the Somali fighters won the day, forcing the Italian soldiers to flee. By late afternoon, Somali militiamen had driven the Italians from another checkpoint they had held for several weeks and had won control of an area nearly one mile square.}}</ref> *ইটালীৰ সামৰিক বিষয়াসকলৰ যুদ্ধবিৰতিৰ আলোচনা আৰু প্ৰত্যাহাৰ<ref>{{Cite book |last=Biddle |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qdRkEAAAQBAJ |title=Nonstate Warfare: The Military Methods of Guerillas, Warlords, and Militias |date=2022-07-26 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-21666-9 |pages=202–204 |language=en |chapter=The Somali National Alliance in Somalia, 1992–94 |quote=On July 2, SNA fighters ambushed an Italian detachment along Balad Road near the Pasta Factory in Mogadishu; after nearly four hours of continuous combat the Italian commander negotiated a cease-fire to permit the withdrawal of his forces.}}</ref> *বিদ্ৰোহীসকলৰদ্বাৰা কেইবাটাও চেকপইণ্ট দখল<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maier |first=Karl |date=1993-07-03 |title=THREE ITALIANS KILLED IN CLASH WITH SOMALIS |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/07/03/three-italians-killed-in-clash-with-somalis/8a832e5c-5039-408f-b991-c874f1cf9757/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-10-18 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |quote=At Checkpoint Pasta, the Somali fighters won the day, forcing the Italian soldiers to flee. By late afternoon, Somali militiamen had driven the Italians from another checkpoint they had held for several weeks and had won control of an area nearly one mile square.}}</ref> *এছ.এন.এ.-ৰ সৈতে আলোচনাৰ অন্তত,<ref name=Mann/> ৯ জুলাইত ইটালীৰ সেনাবাহিনীৰদ্বাৰা উক্ত স্থানসমূহ পুনৰ দখল<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lorch |first=Donatella |date=1993-07-17 |title=Italian Forces Come Under Fire in Tense Somalia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/17/world/italian-forces-come-under-fire-in-tense-somalia.html |access-date=2026-08-14 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |quote=A week ago Italian officers negotiated with General Aidid's faction for the return of their troops to an area of the city they had abandoned after their troops were ambushed on July 2. Part of the deal, United Nations officials say, was that there would be no weapons searches, virtually providing a United-Nations-guarded hiding place.}}</ref> | combatant1 = {{flagdeco|Italy|size=23px}} [[ইটালী]]<br />{{flagdeco|Somalia|size=23px}} [[ছোমালিয়া]] | combatant2 = {{flagdeco|Somalia|size=23px}} এছ.এন.এ. | combatant3 = | commander1 = {{flagdeco|Italy|1946|size=23px}} ব্ৰুনো লোই<br />{{flagdeco|Somalia|size=23px}} আলী মাহদী মহম্মদ{{Citation needed|date=October 2019}} | commander2 = {{flagdeco|Somalia|size=23px}} মহম্মদ ফাৰাহ এইদিদ<ref name= aidid/> | commander3 = | strength1 = ৮০০ ইটালীয় সৈন্য + ৪০০ ছোমালি আৰক্ষী<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maier |first=Karl |date=1993-07-03 |title=THREE ITALIANS KILLED IN CLASH WITH SOMALIS |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/07/03/three-italians-killed-in-clash-with-somalis/8a832e5c-5039-408f-b991-c874f1cf9757/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-10-18 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |quote=The Italian force of 800 men -- backed by helicopters, six tanks, 15 to 20 armored vehicles and 400 Somali policemen}}</ref> | strength2 = প্ৰায় ৬০০ বিদ্ৰোহী ছোমালি মিলিশিয়া (সশস্ত্ৰ বাহিনী)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgQh9rc0mmk|title=Checkpoint Pasta: 2 luglio 1993|access-date=7 June 2018}}</ref> | strength3 = | casualties1 = ৩ জন নিহত<br>২৯ জন আহত<ref name="strategic"/> | casualties2 = ৬৭ জন নিহত<ref name=lastoria>{{cite web|url=http://www.lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it/puntata.aspx?id=600|title=Puntata de "La Storia Siamo Noi" dedicata alla battaglia del pastificio|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210233607/http://www.lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it/puntata.aspx?id=600|archive-date=10 December 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210233607/http://www.lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it/puntata.aspx?id=600|archivedate=10 December 2008|access-date=6 October 2026|deadurl=yes}}</ref><br>১৮৭ জন আহত<ref name=lastoria/> | casualties3 = | notes = }} {{Campaignbox United Nations Intervention in Somalia (1992-1995)}} '''চেকপইণ্ট পাস্তাৰ যুদ্ধ''' ({{Lang-en|Battle of Checkpoint Pasta}}),<ref name="european"/> আছিল ‘ইউনোচম II’ (UNOSOM II)-ৰ অধীনস্থ ইটালীৰ সৈন্যবাহিনী আৰু ‘ছোমালি নেচনেল এলায়েন্স’ (SNA)-ৰ বিদ্ৰোহীসকলৰ মাজত মোগাদিছুত সংঘটিত হোৱা এক গুলীয়াগুলিৰ ঘটনা, যাক কেতিয়াবা '''পাস্তা ফেক্টৰীৰ যুদ্ধ''' বুলিও কোৱা হয়। [[দ্বিতীয় বিশ্বযুদ্ধ]]ৰ অৱসানৰ পিছত ইটালীৰ সেনাবাহিনী জড়িত হোৱা এইখন প্ৰথমটো সৰ্বাত্মক যুদ্ধ হিচাপে ইয়াক স্মৰণ কৰা হয়।<ref>[https://www.repubblica.it/esteri/2013/07/05/news/somalia_anniversario_battaglia_check-point_pasta-62413996/ Somalia, la battaglia al check-point Pasta. Il racconto del generale Loi vent'anni dopo] (In Italian)</ref> জেনেৰেল মহম্মদ ফাৰাহ এইদিদৰ নেতৃত্বত ছোমালি বিদ্ৰোহীসকলে ইটালীয় বাহিনীৰ ওপৰত এক অতৰ্কিত আক্ৰমণ চলোৱাৰ পাছত, ইম্পেৰিয়েল ষ্ট্ৰীট আৰু ২১ অক্টোবৰ ষ্ট্ৰীটৰ সংযোগস্থলত অৱস্থিত বাৰিলাৰ এটা পৰিত্যক্ত পাস্তা কাৰখানাৰ ওচৰত থকা ইটালীৰ ‘পাস্তা’ নামৰ চেকপইণ্টটোৰ ওচৰত এই যুদ্ধ সংঘটিত হৈছিল। যুদ্ধৰ সময়ত এছ.এন.এ.-ই ইটালীয় বাহিনীক নিজৰ স্থান ত্যাগ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য কৰে আৰু তাৰ পিছত কেইবাটাও চেকপইণ্ট দখল কৰি মোগাদিছুৰ প্ৰায় এক বৰ্গমাইল এলেকা নিজৰ নিয়ন্ত্ৰণলৈ আনিছিল, যিটো পূৰ্বতে ইউনোচমৰ অধীনত আছিল।<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Maier |first=Karl |date=1993-07-03 |title=THREE ITALIANS KILLED IN CLASH WITH SOMALIS |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/07/03/three-italians-killed-in-clash-with-somalis/8a832e5c-5039-408f-b991-c874f1cf9757/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-10-18 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |quote=At Checkpoint Pasta, the Somali fighters won the day, forcing the Italian soldiers to flee. By late afternoon, Somali militiamen had driven the Italians from another checkpoint they had held for several weeks and had won control of an area nearly one mile square.}}</ref> চাৰি ঘণ্টা ধৰি চলা যুঁজৰ অন্তত এছ.এন.এ.-ৰ সৈতে যুদ্ধবিৰতিৰ আলোচনা কৰি ইটালীৰ সৈন্য প্ৰত্যাহাৰ কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Biddle |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qdRkEAAAQBAJ |title=Nonstate Warfare: The Military Methods of Guerillas, Warlords, and Militias |date=2022-07-26 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-21666-9 |pages=202–204 |language=en |chapter=The Somali National Alliance in Somalia, 1992–94 |quote=On July 2, SNA fighters ambushed an Italian detachment along Balad Road near the Pasta Factory in Mogadishu; after nearly four hours of continuous combat the Italian commander negotiated a cease-fire to permit the withdrawal of his forces.}}</ref> এছ.এন.এ.-ৰ সৈতে আলোচনা কৰাৰ পাছত,<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Lorch |first=Donatella |date=1993-07-17 |title=Italian Forces Come Under Fire in Tense Somalia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/17/world/italian-forces-come-under-fire-in-tense-somalia.html |access-date=2026-08-14 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |quote=A week ago Italian officers negotiated with General Aidid's faction for the return of their troops to an area of the city they had abandoned after their troops were ambushed on July 2. Part of the deal, United Nations officials say, was that there would be no weapons searches, virtually providing a United-Nations-guarded hiding place.}}</ref> ইটালীয়সকলে এক সপ্তাহ পিছত চেকপইণ্ট পাস্তা পুনৰ দখল কৰে।<ref name=":2">{{harvnb|Mannucci|2004|pp=p.80}}</ref> এই যুদ্ধৰ পিছত ইটালী চৰকাৰে এছ.এন.এ.-ৰ বিৰুদ্ধে আক্ৰমণাত্মক অভিযানসমূহ বন্ধ কৰি দিয়ে।<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Carroll |first=Jonathan |url= |title=Beyond Black Hawk Down: Intervention, Nation-Building, and Insurgency in Somalia, 1992–1995 |date=2025-06-24 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |isbn=978-0-7006-3888-8 |pages=217 |language=en |quote=After the Battle of Checkpoint Pasta, Rome directed Loi to cease offensive actions against the SNA...}}</ref> == প্ৰেক্ষাপট == ১৯৯৩ চনৰ ২ জুলাইত "ইটালফৰ" (ITALFOR) কমাণ্ডৰদ্বাৰা পৰিকল্পিত "অপাৰেচন কেংগাৰু ১১" (Operation Kangaroo 11)-ৰ অগ্ৰগতিৰ সময়ত, ইটালীয় বাহিনী মোগাদিছুৰ উত্তৰ দিশৰ এক জিলা হালিৱাত অস্ত্ৰ-শস্ত্ৰৰ তালাচী চলাবলৈ দুটা যান্ত্ৰিকীকৃত কলামত (mechanized columns) বিভক্ত হৈ পৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2021 |title=EUTM Somalia: Check Point Pasta Commemoration Ceremony |url=https://en.difesaonline.it/news-forze-armate/missioni/eutm-somalia-cerimonia-di-commemorazione-check-point-pasta |website=DIFESA Online |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408114953/https://en.difesaonline.it/news-forze-armate/missioni/eutm-somalia-cerimonia-di-commemorazione-check-point-pasta |archivedate=8 April 2023 |access-date=7 October 2026 |deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ScenaCriminis |date=2015-07-02 |title=2 Luglio 1993 - Checkpoint Pasta: è strage! |url=https://www.scenacriminis.com/news-storia/storia-criminale/2-luglio-1993/ |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Scena Criminis |language=it-IT}}</ref> কিছুমান লক্ষ্য বাৰিলাৰ এটা পৰিত্যক্ত পাস্তা কাৰখানাৰ ওচৰত আছিল, যাৰ ওচৰত ভিয়া ইম্পেৰিয়ালে আৰু ষ্ট্ৰাডা ২১ অক্টোবৰৰ সংযোগস্থলত "পাস্তা" নামৰ এটা চেকপইণ্ট স্থাপন কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-24 |title=2 Luglio 1993, Mogadiscio, Somalia: operazione "CANGURO 11" {{!}} Corpi d' élite - Forze speciali italiane, antiterrorismo, intelligence |url=https://corpidelite.net/afm/2-luglio-1993-mogadiscio-somalia-operazione-canguro-11/ |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=corpidelite.net |language=en-US}}</ref> টেংক, সাঁজৰুৱা গাড়ী (APC) আৰু হেলিকপ্টাৰ গাণশ্বিপেৰে সজ্জিত ৮০০ ইটালীয় সৈন্যই ৪০০ ছোমালি আৰক্ষীৰ সহযোগত এই অভিযানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maier |first=Karl |date=1993-07-03 |title=THREE ITALIANS KILLED IN CLASH WITH SOMALIS |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/07/03/three-italians-killed-in-clash-with-somalis/8a832e5c-5039-408f-b991-c874f1cf9757/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-10-18 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286 |quote=The Italian force of 800 men -- backed by helicopters, six tanks, 15 to 20 armored vehicles and 400 Somali policemen}}</ref> == অভিযান == প্ৰথম কলামটোৰ নাম আছিল আলফা, যিটো মোগাদিছুৰ পুৰণি বন্দৰৰপৰা আহিছিল; আনহাতে দ্বিতীয় কলাম ব্ৰাভো মোগাদিছুৰপৰা প্ৰায় বিছ কিলোমিটাৰ দূৰত অৱস্থিত এই অভিযানৰ আন এক গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ ইটালীয় ঘাটি বালাদ চহৰৰপৰা আহিছিল। এই পহৰাদাৰী দলটোৰ (patrol) লক্ষ্য আছিল চেকপইণ্ট ফেৰ’ আৰু পাস্তাৰ মাজৰ ৪০০ বাই ৭০০ মিটাৰৰ এটা এলেকা।<ref name=":0" /> পহৰাদাৰী অভিযান শেষ হোৱাৰ পিছত দুয়োটা কলাম নিজ ঘাটিলৈ উভতি যায়। সেই সময়তে অঞ্চলটোত গুৰুতৰ কন্দলৰ সৃষ্টি হয়, যাৰ মাজত স্নাইপাৰ (snipers) বা গুপ্তঘাতক সোমাই পৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |title=2 luglio 1993: "la battaglia del pastificio" a Mogadiscio |url=https://www.notizienazionali.it/notizie/attualita/4704/2-luglio-1993--la-battaglia-del-pastificio-a-mogadiscio |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=www.notizienazionali.it |date=2 July 2014 |language=it}}</ref> ছোমালি আইন প্ৰয়োগকাৰী সংস্থাৰ বাবে পৰিস্থিতি ইমানেই অৱনতি ঘটিছিল যে ব্ৰাভো কলামৰ হস্তক্ষেপ প্ৰয়োজনীয় হৈ পৰিছিল, যিটো সেই সময়ত ভিয়া ইম্পেৰিয়ালে পথৰ পাস্তা কাৰখানাৰ ওচৰত আছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-02 |title=Mogadiscio, 2 luglio 1993: il battesimo del fuoco per i militari di leva italiani |url=https://www.difesaonline.it/news-forze-armate/storia/mogadiscio-2-luglio-1993-il-battesimo-del-fuoco-i-militari-di-leva-italiani |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=Difesa Online |language=it |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406221300/https://www.difesaonline.it/news-forze-armate/storia/mogadiscio-2-luglio-1993-il-battesimo-del-fuoco-i-militari-di-leva-italiani |archivedate=2023-04-06 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> === মিলিশিয়া বাহিনীৰ অতৰ্কিত আক্ৰমণ === ইটালীৰ কিছুমান ভি.চি.চি.-১ কেমিলিনো (VCC-1 Camillino) সাঁজৰুৱা গাড়ী ছোমালি মিলিশিয়াই নিৰ্মাণ কৰা বেৰিকেডৰ সন্মুখত থমকি ৰয়। শত্ৰুপক্ষৰ টেংক-বিধ্বংসী ৰকেটৰ (anti-tank rockets)দ্বাৰা সেইবোৰ অচল কৰি দিয়া হয় আৰু চাৰিওফালৰ ৰাস্তাবোৰ আন বেৰিকেডেৰে বন্ধ কৰি দিয়া হয়। ইয়াৰে এখন গাড়ীত আৰ.পি.জি.-৭ (RPG-7) চালিত ৰকেট পতিত হোৱাত, পেৰাট্ৰুপাৰ (পৰাছ্যুটধাৰী সৈন্য) পাস্কুৱালে বাৰ্কাৰোৰ ভৰিত ৰকেটৰ আঘাত লাগি মৃত্যু হয়। ছাৰ্জেণ্ট মেজৰ জিয়ামপিয়েৰো মণ্টি উদৰত গুৰুতৰভাৱে আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হয় আৰু পেৰাট্ৰুপাৰ মাচিমিলিয়ানো জানিওলোৰ হাতত গুলী লাগে।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-07 |title=BrigataFolgore.com {{!}} 2 luglio 1993: la Battaglia {{!}} pasta |url=http://www.brigatafolgore.com/2-luglio-1993-la-battaglia.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707040914/http://www.brigatafolgore.com/2-luglio-1993-la-battaglia.html |archive-date=2012-07-07 |language=it}}</ref> সেয়েহে, আঠখন এম৬০ (M60) টেংক, ফিয়েট ৬৬১৪ সাঁজৰুৱা গাড়ী আৰু সাতখন বি১ চেণ্টাউৰো (B1 Centauro) টেংক ধ্বংসকাৰী বাহনেৰে সজ্জিত আলফা কলামৰ উদ্ধাৰ অভিযানৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ উপৰি অগষ্ট এ১২৯ মাংগুষ্টা (Agusta A129 Mangusta) আৰু বেল ইউএইচ-১ ইৰোকুইছ (Bell UH-1 Iroquois) হেলিকপ্টাৰৰপৰাও অতিৰিক্ত সাহায্য প্ৰদান কৰা হয়।<ref name=ita&som>{{cite news|url=http://www.brigatafolgore.com:80/2-luglio-1993-la-battaglia.html|title=2 luglio 1993: la Battaglia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707040914/http://www.brigatafolgore.com/2-luglio-1993-la-battaglia.html|archive-date=7 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> যুদ্ধযানৰ কৰ্মীসকলে ইন-বোৰ্ড মেচিন গান ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি অন্য বাহন আৰু আহত সতীৰ্থসকলক সুৰক্ষা দিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছিল, লগতে স্থানীয় অঞ্চলটোত পহৰা দি থকা সৈন্যৰ সহায়ত এখন ক্ষতিগ্ৰস্ত বাহন পুনৰ সক্ৰিয় কৰাৰ চেষ্টা চলাইছিল; এই পৰ্যায়তে ৰেইডাৰ ছাৰ্জেণ্ট ষ্টিফানো পাওলিচিয়ে ওডি ৮২/এচই (OD 82/SE) হেণ্ড গ্ৰেনেডেৰে মিলিশিয়া বাহিনীৰ ঘাটি ধ্বংস কৰাৰ সময়ত মাৰাত্মকভাৱে আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হয়।<ref name="ita&som" /> ধুৰন্ধৰ বা গধুৰ অস্ত্ৰ-শস্ত্ৰ কেৱল দুটা ক্ষণতহে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল: ১৩২সংখ্যক সাঁজৰুৱা ব্ৰিগেড "এৰিয়েট"ৰ ৩২সংখ্যক টেংক ৰেজিমেণ্টৰ এটা কোম্পানীৰ অনিৰ্দিষ্টসংখ্যক এম৬০ টেংকে মিলিশিয়াসকলে ঢাল হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা কণ্টেইনাৰবোৰৰ ওপৰত গুলীবৰ্ষণ কৰে, যাৰ ফলত শত্ৰুপক্ষৰ ব্যাপক ক্ষতি হয়; আৰু এখন মাংগুষ্টা হেলিকপ্টাৰে ছোমালি মিলিশিয়াই কাঢ়ি লোৱা এখন ইভেকো ভিএম ৯০ (Iveco VM 90) বাহন টি.ও.ডব্লিউ. (TOW) ক্ষেপণাস্ত্ৰৰে ধ্বংস কৰে, যাৰ ফলত বাহনখনত থকা সকলো বিদ্ৰোহী নিহত হয়।<ref name="ita&som" /> === প্ৰত্যাহাৰ === উদ্ধাৰকাৰী কলামৰ সৈন্যসকলৰ ভিতৰত, ৮ম "লান্সিয়াৰি ডি মণ্টেবেলো" ৰেজিমেণ্টৰ এটা চেণ্টাউৰো টেংক ধ্বংসকাৰী প্লাটনৰ কমাণ্ডাৰ চেকেণ্ড লেফটেনেণ্ট আন্দ্ৰিয়া মিলেভই অঞ্চলটো পৰীক্ষা কৰিবলৈ নিজৰ বাহনৰপৰা মূৰ উলিয়াওতেই গুলীবিদ্ধ হৈ নিহত হয়।<ref name="ita&som" /> সেই স্থানত বৃহৎসংখ্যক সাধাৰণ নাগৰিক উপস্থিত হৈছিল আৰু মিলিশিয়াসকলে তেওঁলোকক মানৱ ঢাল (human shields) হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-02 |title=2 luglio 1993, attacco a Mogadiscio contro il Ceckpoint Pasta |url=https://www.ilfaroonline.it/2018/07/02/2-luglio-1993-attacco-mogadiscio-ceckpoint-pasta/228435/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=Il Faro Online |language=it}}</ref> উদ্ধাৰকাৰী সাঁজৰুৱা বাহনসমূহৰ আগমনে গুলীবৰ্ষণৰ মাজত আবদ্ধ সৈনিকসকলক পিছুৱাই অহাত সহায় কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vilona |first=Leonardo |date=2020-08-17 |title=Checkpoint Pasta: La battaglia del pastificio (1993) |url=https://www.historyfacts.it/2020/08/17/checkpoint-pasta-la-battaglia-del-pastificio-1993/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=History Facts |language=it-IT |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405213937/https://www.historyfacts.it/2020/08/17/checkpoint-pasta-la-battaglia-del-pastificio-1993/ |archivedate=2023-04-05 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> চাৰি ঘণ্টা ধৰি চলা সংগ্ৰামৰ পিছত, ইটালীয় কমাণ্ডাৰে ছোমালি বিদ্ৰোহীসকলৰ সৈতে যুদ্ধবিৰতিৰ আলোচনা কৰে যাতে তেওঁৰ সৈন্যবাহিনী সুৰক্ষিতভাৱে প্ৰত্যাহাৰ কৰিব পৰা যায়।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Biddle |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qdRkEAAAQBAJ |title=Nonstate Warfare: The Military Methods of Guerillas, Warlords, and Militias |date=2022-07-26 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-21666-9 |pages=202–204 |language=en |chapter=The Somali National Alliance in Somalia, 1992–94 |quote=On July 2, SNA fighters ambushed an Italian detachment along Balad Road near the Pasta Factory in Mogadishu; after nearly four hours of continuous combat the Italian commander negotiated a cease-fire to permit the withdrawal of his forces.}}</ref> == ক্ষয়-ক্ষতি আৰু পৰিণতি == এই যুদ্ধৰ পিছত ‘দ্য ৱাশ্বিংটন পোষ্ট’ত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল যে, "...ছোমালি যুঁজাৰুসকলে সেইদিনা জয়লাভ কৰিছিল আৰু ইটালীয় সৈনিকসকলক পলাই যাবলৈ বাধ্য কৰিছিল।" <ref name=":1" /> ছোমালি নেচনেল এলায়েন্সৰ সৈতে আলোচনা কৰাৰ পাছত ৯ জুলাইত এক সপ্তাহ পিছতহে ইটালীয়সকলে এই স্থান পুনৰ দখল কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল।<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> যুদ্ধৰ পিছত, ইটালী চৰকাৰে ছোমালিয়াত থকা নিজৰ সৈন্যক এছ.এন.এ.-ৰ বিৰুদ্ধে আক্ৰমণাত্মক কাৰ্যকলাপ বন্ধ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিয়ে।<ref name=":4" /> সেইদিনাৰ যুদ্ধত ইটালিয়ে তিনিজন সৈনিক হেৰুৱাইছিল: * আন্দ্ৰিয়া মিলেভই, চেকেণ্ড লেফটেনেণ্ট, "লান্সিয়াৰি ডি মণ্টেবেলো" ৰেজিমেণ্ট (৮ম), সামৰিক বীৰত্বৰ বাবে স্বৰ্ণ পদক (Gold medal for military valor); <ref>{{Cite web |title=MILLEVOI Andrea |url=https://www.movm.it/decorato/millevoi-andrea/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=MOVM |language=it-IT}}</ref> * ষ্টিফানো পাওলিচি, ছাৰ্জেণ্ট মেজৰ, ৯ম পেৰাট্ৰুপাৰ্চ এচল্ট ৰেজিমেণ্ট "কল মছকিন", সামৰিক বীৰত্বৰ বাবে স্বৰ্ণ পদক; <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAOLICCHI Stefano |url=https://www.movm.it/decorato/paolicchi-stefano/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=MOVM |language=it-IT}}</ref> * পাস্কুৱালে বাৰ্কাৰো, কৰ্পোৰেল, ১৮৬সংখ্যক পেৰাট্ৰুপাৰ্চ ৰেজিমেণ্ট "ফোলগোৰে", সামৰিক বীৰত্বৰ বাবে স্বৰ্ণ পদক।<ref>{{Cite web |title=BACCARO Pasquale |url=https://www.movm.it/decorato/baccaro-pasquale/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=MOVM |language=it-IT}}</ref> ইয়াৰ উপৰি ২২ জন আহত হয় আৰু অজ্ঞাতসংখ্যক ছোমালি মিলিশিয়া তথা সাধাৰণ নাগৰিক নিহত বা আহত হয়। পৰিচালক আন্দ্ৰিয়া বেটিনেটিৰ ২০০৮ চনৰ তথ্যচিত্ৰ "চেকপইণ্ট পাস্তা"ত ছোমালি উৎসই উল্লেখ কৰিছে যে ৬৭ জন মিলিশিয়া নিহত হৈছিল আৰু অন্ততঃ ১০৩ জন আহত হৈছিল।<ref name= aidid>{{Cite journal |last=Meleca |first=Vincenzo |title=Mogadiscio 2 Luglio 1993 |url=https://www.unuci.org/images/documenti/rivista/Rivista_2019/Unuci_01_02_2019.pdf |journal=UNICI |language=it |volume=1-2 |issue=Gennaio-Marzo 2019 |pages=4–9 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260414075952/https://www.unuci.org/images/documenti/rivista/Rivista_2019/Unuci_01_02_2019.pdf |archivedate=2026-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-07 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> আহত ইটালীয়সকলৰ ভিতৰত তদানীন্তন চেকেণ্ড লেফটেনেণ্ট জিয়ানফ্ৰাঙ্কো পালিয়া নামৰ এজন পেৰাট্ৰুপাৰ আছিল, যিয়ে অচল হৈ পৰা এখন সাঁজৰুৱা গাড়ীৰ কৰ্মীসকলক উদ্ধাৰ কৰিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰোঁতে তিনিটা গুলীৰ আঘাত পাইছিল। এটা গুলীয়ে তেওঁৰ হাওঁফাওঁত আঘাত কৰি অভ্যন্তৰীণ ৰক্তক্ষৰণ ঘটাইছিল আৰু আন এটা গুলীয়ে মেৰুদণ্ডত আঘাত কৰাৰ ফলত তেওঁ চিৰদিনৰ বাবে হুইলচেয়াৰ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হয়। এই সাহসিকতাৰ বাবে তেওঁক সামৰিক বীৰত্বৰ স্বৰ্ণ পদক প্ৰদান কৰা হয়। ভৰিৰ ব্যৱহাৰ হেৰুৱাই পেলোৱাৰ পাছতো তেওঁ বৰ্তমানো ইটালীৰ সেনাবাহিনীত কৰ্মৰত হৈ আছে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=PAGLIA Gianfranco |url=https://www.movm.it/decorato/paglia-gianfranco/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=MOVM |language=it-IT}}</ref> উদৰত গুৰুতৰভাৱে আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত পেৰাট্ৰুপাৰ আৰু ছাৰ্জেণ্ট মেজৰ জিয়ামপিয়েৰো মণ্টি লাভ কৰে সামৰিক বীৰত্বৰ ৰূপৰ পদক (Silver Medal of Military Valor)।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-08 |title="La città è nel più totale degrado" |url=https://www.tusciaweb.eu/2017/11/la-citta-nel-piu-totale-degrado/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Tusciaweb.eu |language=it}}</ref> এই অভিযানত জড়িত থকা বাৰ্চাগ্লিয়েৰী (Bersaglieri) আৰু হেলিকপ্টাৰ চালকসকলৰ বিভিন্ন সদস্যক অন্যান্য ৰূপৰ আৰু ব্ৰঞ্জৰ পদক প্ৰদান কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1996-10-31&atto.codiceRedazionale=096A7142|title=Conferimento di ricompense al valore dell'Esercito (GU Serie Generale n.256 del 31-10-1996)}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario; jsessionid=Mo9pXpBfvnSaLXUkDxag+Q__.ntc-as3-guri2b?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1995-04-22&atto.codiceRedazionale=095A2367&|title=Conferimento di ricompense al valore dell'Esercito (GU Serie Generale n.94 del 22-04-1995)}}</ref> এই সংঘৰ্ষৰ কেইদিনমান পাছত, ৯ জুলাইত, ইটালীয়সকলে চেকপইণ্ট পাস্তাকে ধৰি অন্যান্য চেকপইণ্টসমূহ পুনৰ দখল কৰে।<ref name="Mann">{{harvnb|Mannucci|2004|pp=p.80}}</ref> == যুদ্ধৰ কাৰণ == কিছুমান তথ্যৰ ওপৰত ভিত্তি কৰি কৰা ধাৰণা অনুসৰি (যিটো চৰকাৰী সূত্ৰই কেতিয়াও নিশ্চিত কৰা নাই), ইটালীয় বাহিনীয়ে অভিযান চলোৱা এই বিশেষ অঞ্চলটো ছোমালি উগ্ৰপন্থী নেতা জেনেৰেল মহম্মদ ফাৰাহ এইদিদৰ আশ্ৰয়স্থল আছিল। এইদিদক শান্তি চুক্তৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ অন্তৰায় বুলি গণ্য কৰা হৈছিল। ধাৰণা কৰা হয় যে জেনেৰেল এইদিদে নিজেই তেওঁৰ সশস্ত্ৰ বাহিনীক ইটালীৰ সেনাৰ ওপৰত আক্ৰমণ কৰিবলৈ নিৰ্দেশ দিছিল, যাতে যুদ্ধৰ সুযোগ লৈ তেওঁ নিজে সেই স্থানৰ পৰা নিৰাপদে পলাই যাব পাৰে।<ref>{{harvnb|Mannucci|2004|pp=74-76}}</ref> == তথ্য উৎস == <references> <ref name="european">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cDOoDwAAQBAJ&dq=Bruno+Loi+Checkpoint+Pasta&pg=PT101|title=European approaches to United Nations peacekeeping : towards a stronger re-engagement?|author1=Koops, Joachim Alexander |author2= Tercovich, Giulia|isbn=978-1138503328|location=London|oclc=991371468|date=2018-12-07}}</ref> <ref name="strategic">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FuvcCwAAQBAJ&dq=Bruno+Loi+Checkpoint+Pasta&pg=PA117|title=Strategic culture and Italy's military behavior|last=Rosa|first=Paolo|isbn=9781498522816|page=117|oclc=934746325|date=2016-04-21|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield }}</ref> </references> == গ্ৰন্থপঞ্জী == * {{cite book|first=Enrico |last=Mannucci |title=In pace e in guerra |publisher=Longanesi & C. |location=Milano |year=2004 |isbn=88-304-2136-7 }} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * (In Italian) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgQh9rc0mmk Checkpoint Pasta] – History Channel documentary {{coord missing|Somalia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:চেকপইণ্ট পাস্তাৰ যুদ্ধ}} [[শ্ৰেণী:সামৰিক অভিযান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ছোমালিয়া]] n1ieg1yab653r3s22vha3te9zxmm0h8 0 140163 646172 643224 2026-10-20T02:10:08Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{confuse|চিৰাং জিলা}} {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = চিৰাং জিলা | native_name = རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག། | native_name_lang = dz | settlement_type = জিলা (জংখাগ) | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = চিৰাং জং | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Tsirang in Bhutan.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = ভূটানৰ মানচিত্ৰত চিৰাং জিলাৰ অৱস্থান | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = দেশ | subdivision_name = [[ভূটান]] | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = সদৰ দপ্তৰ | seat = দাম্ফু | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric | area_total_km2 = 639 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 22,376 | population_as_of = 2017 | population_density_km2 = auto | blank_name_sec2 = HDI (২০১৯) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.629<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref><br/>{{color|#fc0|মধ্যম}} · ৮ম | timezone1 = [[ভূটানৰ সময়|BTT]] | utc_offset1 = +6 | website = {{URL|www.tsirang.gov.bt}} | official_name = চিৰাং জংখাগ }} '''চিৰাং জিলা''' ([[জোংখা]]: '''རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག།'''; ''চি-ৰাং জং-খাগ''; [[ইংৰাজী]]: '''Tsirang''' District; পূৰ্বতে ই ইংৰাজীত '''Chirang''' নামেৰে জনাজাত আছিল) হ'ল [[ভূটান]]ৰ ২০খন জংখাগ (জিলা)ৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম। এই জিলাৰ প্ৰশাসনিক কেন্দ্ৰ বা সদৰ ঠাই হ'ল দাম্ফু। [[Image:Dzong_at_Damphu_Tsirang_Bhutan.jpg|thumb|ভূটানৰ দাম্ফুত অৱস্থিত চিৰাং জং। ]] চিৰাং জিলা ইয়াৰ মৃদু ঢালযুক্ত পাহাৰীয়া ভূ-খণ্ড আৰু মনোৰম জলবায়ুৰ বাবে জনাজাত। এই জিলাখন ইয়াৰ চহকী জৈৱ-বৈচিত্ৰ্যৰ বাবেও প্ৰখ্যাত; অৱশ্যে ভূটানৰ সংৰক্ষিত বনাঞ্চল বা সুৰক্ষিত অঞ্চল নথকা কেইখনমান জিলাৰ ভিতৰত চিৰাং অন্যতম। ভূটানৰ অন্যতম দীৰ্ঘতম নদী 'পুনাটচাং চছু' এই জিলাৰ মাজেৰে বৈ গৈছে। ইয়াত ল্হোপ্টছাম্পা, ন্গালং আৰু অন্যান্য জনগোষ্ঠীৰ লোকে বসবাস কৰে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত 'চিৰাং টোৱেড ন্গালং' (উত্তৰ চিৰাঙৰ ন্গালং লোকসকল) হ'ল এই অঞ্চলৰ আদিম বাসিন্দা, যিসকল পৰৱৰ্তী সময়ত অহা ল্হোপ্টছাম্পা সকলতকৈও পূৰ্বৰেপৰা ইয়াত আছিল। ইয়াত বহুতো ধুনীয়া পৰ্যটনস্থলী আছে, যেনে— ৰিগচুম পেমাঈ ডুমৰা, পেমাচোয়েলিং ঐতিহ্য অৰণ্য, চিৰাং নামগ্যেল ছোলিং দ্ৰাতছাং আৰু য়ে (Nye)।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsirang Tourism {{!}} Tsirang Travel Guide & Best Time to Visit|url=https://www.esikkimtourism.in/bhutan/destination/tsirang/|access-date=2021-03-19|website=Bhutan Tourism}}</ref> == ভাষা == চিৰাং জিলাৰ প্ৰধান ভাষা হ'ল [[নেপালী ভাষা|নেপালী]]। অৱশ্যে, ইয়াত প্ৰচলিত নেপালী ভাষা [[নেপাল]]ত কোৱা মূল ভাষাৰ পৰা কিছু পৰিমাণে পৃথক হ'ব পাৰে। এই ভাষা বিভিন্ন জনগোষ্ঠীৰ ল্হোপ্টছাম্পা লোকসকলে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে, যাৰ ভিতৰত ভুজেল, [[মগৰ ভাষা|মগৰ]], তামাং, গুৰুং, লিম্বু, ৰাই আদি অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। ইয়াৰ উপৰিও, চিৰাং জিলাৰ উত্তৰ প্ৰান্তত ভূটানৰ ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ভাষা [[জোংখা ভাষা|জোংখা]] কোৱা হয়। == ভূগোল == চিৰাং জিলাৰ মুঠ মাটিকালি প্ৰায় ৬৩৯ বৰ্গ কিলোমিটাৰ।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Facts about Bhutan The Land of the Thunder Dragon}}</ref> চিৰাং জিলাৰ একেবাৰে উত্তৰ অংশত অৱস্থিত গেৱগসমূহ (প্ৰশাসনিক ব্লক), যেনে— ফুটেঞ্চু আৰু চেৰগিথাং, ভূটানৰ অন্যতম সুৰক্ষিত বনাঞ্চল ''জিগমে ছিংগ্যে ৱাংচুক ৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় উদ্যান''ৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত।<ref name=BTF1>{{cite web |url=http://www.bhutantrustfund.bt/parks-of-bhutan |title=Parks of Bhutan |work=Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservation online |publisher=Bhutan Trust Fund |access-date=2011-03-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702041330/http://www.bhutantrustfund.bt/parks-of-bhutan |archive-date=2011-07-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321193941/http://www.bhutantrustfund.bt/parks-of-bhutan |archivedate=2012-03-21 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == শিক্ষা == বৰ্তমান চিৰাং জিলাত তিনিখন কেন্দ্ৰীয় বিদ্যালয় আছে, যিবোৰ নিম্ন মাধ্যমিকতকৈ উচ্চ স্তৰত পৰিচালিত হয়। এই বিদ্যালয় তিনিখন হ'ল— চিৰাংটোৱেড কেন্দ্ৰীয় বিদ্যালয়, মেণ্ড্ৰেলগাং কেন্দ্ৰীয় বিদ্যালয় আৰু দাম্ফু কেন্দ্ৰীয় বিদ্যালয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kuenselonline.com/tsirang-gets-its-second-central-school/|title=Tsirang gets its second Central School|access-date=March 7, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524031545/https://kuenselonline.com/tsirang-gets-its-second-central-school/|archivedate=May 24, 2024|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://kuenselonline.com/tsirangtoed-cs-starts-regular-classes/|title=Tsirangtoed CS starts regular classes|access-date=March 7, 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424231514/https://kuenselonline.com/tsirangtoed-cs-starts-regular-classes/|archivedate=April 24, 2024|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ==আৰু চাওক== *[[ভূটানৰ জিলাসমূহ]] ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ভূটান]] 8y8c9f1iqr5cio57xlp7snxhwphmidv 0 140186 646113 645681 2026-10-19T19:35:47Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|কানাডীয় কবি আৰু শিক্ষাবিদ}} {{Infobox writer | image = Anne Carson, poet, at the 2024 National Book Awards.jpg | name = এন পেট্ৰিচিয়া কাৰ্ছন | honorific_suffix = অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ কানাডা | caption = ২০২৪ চনত কাৰ্ছন | pen_name = | birth_name = এন পেট্ৰিচিয়া কাৰ্ছন | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|6|21|mf=y}} | birth_place = টৰণ্টো, অণ্টাৰিঅ', [[কানাডা]] | citizenship = {{hlist|কানাডা|আইচলেণ্ড}} | death_date = | death_place = | education = {{ubl|টৰণ্টো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়<br />{{small|(বি এ, এম এ, পিএইচডি)}}}} | spouse = ৰবাৰ্ট কাৰি | occupation = {{hlist|কবি|প্ৰবন্ধকাৰ|অনুবাদক|ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্য-গৱেষক|অধ্যাপক}} | period = ১৯৭৯–বৰ্তমান | genre = {{hlist|কবিতা|প্ৰবন্ধ|অনুবাদ}} | subject = | movement = | notable_works = {{ubl|''ইৰ'ছ দ্য বিটাৰছুইট''|''[[অটোবায়'গ্ৰাফী অৱ ৰেড]]''|''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ''|''দ্য বিউটি অৱ দ্য হাজবেণ্ড''|''ৰেড ডক>''}} | awards = {{ubl|লান্নান সাহিত্য বঁটা|গুগেনহাইম ফেল'শ্বিপ|মেকআৰ্থাৰ ফেল'শ্বিপ|গ্ৰিফিন কবিতা বঁটা {{small|(দুবাৰ)}}|টি এছ এলিয়ট বঁটা|অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ কানাডাৰ সদস্য|প্ৰিন্সেছ অৱ আস্তুৰিয়াছ বঁটা|পেন/নাবোকভ বঁটা| [[নোবেল বঁটা|২০২৬ চনৰ সাহিত্যৰ নোবেল বঁটা]]}} | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = }} '''এন পেট্ৰিচিয়া কাৰ্ছন''' ({{lang-en| Anne Carson}}; জন্ম ২১ জুন, ১৯৫০)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Morra |first=Linda |date=2014-09-08 |title=Anne Carson |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/anne-carson |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |archive-date=2023-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512193058/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/anne-carson |url-status=live }}</ref> এগৰাকী কানাডীয় কবি, প্ৰবন্ধকাৰ, অনুবাদক, ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্য-গৱেষক আৰু অধ্যাপক। ২০২৬ চনত কাৰ্ছনে সাহিত্যৰ [[নোবেল বঁটা]] লাভ কৰে। টৰণ্টো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত শিক্ষা গ্ৰহণ কৰা কাৰ্ছনে ১৯৭৯ চনৰপৰা [[কানাডা]] আৰু [[আমেৰিকা যুক্তৰাষ্ট্ৰ]]ৰ বিভিন্ন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্য, তুলনামূলক সাহিত্য আৰু সৃষ্টিশীল লেখাৰ পাঠদান কৰি আহিছে। তেওঁ মেকগিল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, মিছিগান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, নিউয়ৰ্ক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় আৰু প্ৰিন্সটন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত শিক্ষকতা কৰিছে। বৰ্তমানলৈকে বিশখনতকৈও অধিক গ্ৰন্থ আৰু অনুবাদ প্ৰকাশ কৰা কাৰ্ছনে গুগেনহাইম আৰু মেকআৰ্থাৰ ফেল'শ্বিপ লাভ কৰিছে। তেওঁ লান্নান সাহিত্য বঁটা, দুটাকৈ গ্ৰিফিন কবিতা বঁটা, টি এছ এলিয়ট বঁটা, প্ৰিন্সেছ অৱ আস্তুৰিয়াছ বঁটা, ইংৰাজী ভাষাৰ কবিতাৰ বাবে গৱৰ্ণৰ জেনেৰেলৰ বঁটা আৰু পেন/নাবোকভ বঁটা লাভ কৰিছে। কানাডীয় সাহিত্যলৈ আগবঢ়োৱা অৱদানৰ বাবে ২০০৫ চনত তেওঁক অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ কানাডাৰ সদস্য হিচাপে নিযুক্তি দিয়া হয়। ২০২৬ চনত তেওঁক সাহিত্যৰ [[নোবেল বঁটা]] প্ৰদান কৰা হয়—“ধ্ৰুপদী পৰম্পৰাৰ সৈতে খেলিমেলি সংলাপৰ জৰিয়তে সমকালীন সাহিত্যৰ বাবে নতুন ৰূপ সৃষ্টি কৰা তেওঁৰ সাহসী আৰু অভিনৱ সাহিত্যকৰ্মৰ বাবে”।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nobel Prize in Literature 2026 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2026/press-release/ |access-date=2026-10-08 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]] |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref> == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন আৰু শিক্ষা == ১৯৫০ চনৰ ২১ জুনত টৰণ্টোত এন কাৰ্ছনৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।<ref name=":0" /> তেওঁৰ পিতৃ এজন বেংক কৰ্মচাৰী আছিল আৰু তেওঁ কানাডাৰ কেইবাখনো সৰু চহৰত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Carson |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Carson |access-date=2 July 2022 |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702210552/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Carson |url-status=live }}</ref> উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়ত লেটিন ভাষাৰ এগৰাকী শিক্ষকে তেওঁক প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীচৰ জগত আৰু ভাষাৰ সৈতে পৰিচয় কৰাই দিছিল আৰু ব্যক্তিগতভাৱে তেওঁক শিক্ষা দিছিল।<ref name="LitEncyc">{{cite web |last1=Rae |first1=Ian |title=Anne Carson |url=https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=758 |website=The Literary Encyclopedia |access-date=16 September 2020 |date=27 December 2001 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916195706/https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=758 |url-status=live }}</ref> টৰণ্টো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ ছেইণ্ট মাইকেলছ কলেজত নামভৰ্তি কৰাৰ পাছত তেওঁ প্ৰথম আৰু দ্বিতীয় বৰ্ষৰ শেষত দুবাৰকৈ পঢ়া এৰি দিছিল। পাঠ্যক্ৰমৰ কিছুমান বাধ্যতামূলক বিষয়, বিশেষকৈ মিল্টনৰ ওপৰত থকা এটা পাঠ্যক্ৰমে তেওঁক অসন্তুষ্ট কৰিছিল। সেয়ে তেওঁ কিছুসময়ৰ বাবে চিত্ৰকলা আৰু দৃশ্যশিল্পৰ জগতখনলৈ আঁতৰি গৈছিল।<ref name="LitEncyc" /> পিছলৈ তেওঁ টৰণ্টো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়লৈ ঘূৰি আহে আৰু ১৯৭৪ চনত কলা স্নাতক, ১৯৭৫ চনত কলা স্নাতকোত্তৰ আৰু ১৯৮১ চনত পি এইচ ডি ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ross |first1=Val |author-link1=Val Ross |title=Alumni: Classic Carson |journal=University of Toronto Magazine |date=23 March 2001 |url=https://magazine.utoronto.ca/people/alumni-donors/about-anne-carson-poetry/ |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916170640/https://magazine.utoronto.ca/people/alumni-donors/about-anne-carson-poetry/ |url-status=live }}</ref> তেওঁ ছেইণ্ট এণ্ড্ৰুজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়তো এবছৰ গ্ৰীক ছন্দ আৰু গ্ৰীক পাঠ-সমালোচনা অধ্যয়ন কৰিছিল।<ref name="Cove Park">{{cite journal |last1=Munoz |first1=Theresa |title=Theresa Munoz and Anne Carson at Cove Park |journal=Scottish Review of Books |date=9 October 2013 |url=https://www.scottishreviewofbooks.org/2013/10/theresa-munoz-and-anne-carson-at-cove-park/ |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=17 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917010613/https://www.scottishreviewofbooks.org/2013/10/theresa-munoz-and-anne-carson-at-cove-park/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == লিখনশৈলী == ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্যৰ গৱেষক হিচাপে প্ৰশিক্ষণ লাভ কৰা আৰু তুলনামূলক সাহিত্য, নৃতত্ত্ব, ইতিহাস আৰু কলাৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহী কাৰ্ছনে তেওঁৰ লেখাত বিভিন্ন ক্ষেত্ৰৰ ধাৰণা আৰু বিষয় একেলগ কৰে। তেওঁ প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক আৰু লেটিন সাহিত্যৰ লেখকসকলৰ উল্লেখ কৰে, তেওঁলোকৰ ৰচনা আধুনিক ৰূপ দিয়ে আৰু অনুবাদ কৰে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত এস্কাইলাছ, কেটুলাছ, ইউৰিপিডিছ, [[হোমাৰ]], আইবাইকাছ, মিমনাৰ্মাছ, ছেফো, ছিমোনিডিছ, [[সোফোক্লেচ]], ষ্টেছিকোৰাছ আৰু থুচিডিডিছ আদি উল্লেখযোগ্য। তেওঁ এমিলি ব্ৰণ্টি, পল চেলান, [[এমিলি ডিকিনচন]], [[হেগেল|জৰ্জ ভিলহেল্ম ফ্ৰিড্ৰিখ হেগেল]], মাৰ্টিন হাইডেগাৰ, ফ্ৰিড্ৰিখ হ'ল্ডাৰলিন, [[ফ্ৰান্‌ৎছ কাফকা]], [[জন কীটছ]], গাৰ্ট্ৰুড ষ্টেইন, ছিমন ৱেইল আৰু [[ভাৰ্জিনিয়া উল্‌ফ]]ৰ দৰে আধুনিক লেখক আৰু চিন্তাবিদৰ ৰচনাৰপৰাও প্ৰভাৱ গ্ৰহণ কৰে। তেওঁৰ বহুতো গ্ৰন্থত কবিতা, প্ৰবন্ধ, গদ্য, সমালোচনা, অনুবাদ, নাট্যসংলাপ, কল্পকাহিনী আৰু অকল্পকাহিনীৰ ৰূপ বিভিন্ন মাত্ৰাত একেলগ হৈছে। ২০২১ চনালৈকে কাৰ্ছনৰ লিখনিৰ ওঠৰখন গ্ৰন্থৰ প্ৰথম সংস্কৰণ আমেৰিকাত নপ, নিউ ডাইৰেকচনছ আৰু প্ৰিন্সটন ইউনিভাৰ্চিটি প্ৰেছৰ দৰে প্ৰকাশকে প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। কানাডাত ব্ৰিক বুকছ আৰু মেকক্লেলেণ্ড এণ্ড ষ্টুৱাৰ্টে আৰু যুক্তৰাজ্যত ব্লাডেস্ক বুকছ, জনাথন কেপ, অবেৰন বুকছ আৰু ছিল্ফ এডিচনছে সেইবোৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। ২০২৫ চনত কানাডাৰ ইণ্ডি ৰক বেণ্ড ৰিঅ'ষ্টেটিকছৰ ''দ্য গ্ৰেট লেকছ ছুইট'' নামৰ এলবামত কাৰ্ছনে অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। এলবামটোত তেওঁ গ্ৰেট লেকছৰপৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত কেইবাটাও কবিতা আবৃত্তি কৰে।<ref>Alex Hudson, [https://exclaim.ca/music/article/rheostatics-detail-new-album-featuring-gord-downie-alex-lifeson-tanya-tagaq "Rheostatics Detail New Album Featuring Gord Downie, Alex Lifeson, Tanya Tagaq"]. ''Exclaim! '', October 8, 2025.</ref> === ৰচনাসমুহ === ''ইৰছ দ্য বিটাৰছুইট'' — ১৯৮৬ চনত প্ৰকাশিত কাৰ্ছনৰ প্ৰথমখন সমালোচনামূলক গ্ৰন্থ। গ্ৰন্থখনত ''ইৰছ''ক একে সময়তে আনন্দ আৰু বেদনাৰ অভিজ্ঞতা হিচাপে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছে। ছেফোৱে সৃষ্টি কৰা "গ্লুকুপিক্ৰন" শব্দটো এই ধাৰণাৰ এটা উল্লেখযোগ্য উদাহৰণ আৰু গ্ৰন্থখনৰ শিৰোনামৰ "তিতা-মিঠা" অৰ্থৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কিত।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Corless-Smith |first1=Martin |editor1-last=Wilkinson |editor1-first=Joshua Marie |editor1-link=Joshua Marie Wilkinson |title=Anne Carson: Ecstatic Lyre |date=2015 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor |isbn=978-0-472-05253-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnEvBgAAQBAJ&q=Anne+Carson:+Ecstatic+Lyre |chapter=Living on the Edge: The Bittersweet Place of Poetry}}</ref> গ্ৰন্থখনত ছেফো, প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক উপন্যাসকাৰ আৰু প্লেটোৰ লেখাত আকাংক্ষাৰ ত্ৰিকোণীয় ৰূপ কেনেদৰে প্ৰকাশ পায় সেই বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Scranton 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Scranton |first1=Roy |author-link1=Roy Scranton |title=Estranged Pain: Anne Carson's ''Red Doc>'' |journal=Contemporary Literature |date=Spring 2014 |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=202–214 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |doi=10.1353/cli.2014.0010 |s2cid=162212718 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/jsse/1117 |access-date=18 September 2020 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607230821/https://journals.openedition.org/jsse/1117 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> এই গ্ৰন্থখন ১৯৮১ চনত দাখিল কৰা তেওঁৰ পি এইচ ডি গৱেষণা-অভিসন্দৰ্ভ ''অডি এট আমো এৰ্গো ছুম''ৰ ("মই ঘৃণা কৰোঁ আৰু মই ভালপাওঁ, সেয়ে মই আছোঁ") পুনৰ্নিমাণ।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-link1=Anne Carson |title=Odi et Amo Ergo Sum |date=1981 |publisher=University of Toronto |location=Toronto}} [Doctoral thesis; under the name Anne Carson Giacomelli]</ref> ''ইৰছ দ্য বিটাৰছুইট'' গ্ৰন্থখনে তেওঁৰ পিছৰ প্ৰকাশনসমূহৰ বাবে ভিত্তি প্ৰস্তুত কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ কবিতাত পিছলৈ গুৰুত্ব লাভ কৰা আকাংক্ষাৰ ধাৰণাসমূহ গঢ়ি তুলিছিল।<ref name="LitEncyc"/> ইয়াৰ জৰিয়তে ধ্ৰুপদী গ্ৰীক সাহিত্যৰ আৰ্হিত লেখনি গঢ়াৰ তেওঁৰ শৈলীও প্ৰতিষ্ঠিত হৈছিল।<ref name="Poetry Foundation">{{cite web |title=Anne Carson |url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/anne-carson |publisher=The Poetry Foundation |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726181311/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/anne-carson |url-status=live }}</ref> ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ'' (২০০০) এখন মিশ্ৰধৰ্মী সংকলন। ইয়াত চমু কবিতা, পদ্য-প্ৰবন্ধ, সমাধিলিপি, স্মৃতিচাৰণমূলক গদ্য, সাক্ষাৎকাৰ, নাট্যপাঠ আৰু প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক-লেটিন ভাষাৰ অনুবাদ আছে।<ref name="Poetry Foundation" /> এই গ্ৰন্থখনত কাৰ্ছনৰ দীঘল কবিতা লিখাৰ আগৰ ধাৰাটোৰপৰা এক নতুন দিশলৈ পৰিৱৰ্তন দেখা যায়।<ref name="LitEncyc" /> গ্ৰন্থখনৰ বিভিন্ন ৰচনাত লেখক, চিন্তাবিদ আৰু শিল্পীৰ লগতে ঐতিহাসিক, বাইবেলীয় আৰু পৌৰাণিক ব্যক্তিত্বৰ উল্লেখ আছে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত আন্না আখমাটোভা, এণ্টিগনী, আন্তনা আৰ্তো, জন জেমছ অডুবন, অগাষ্টিন, বে দাও, কেথৰিন ডেনুভ, এমিলি ডিকিনছন, তামিকি হাৰা, হোকুচাই, এডৱাৰ্ড হপাৰ, লংগিনাছ, থুচিডিডিছ, লিঅ' টলষ্টয় আৰু ভাৰ্জিনিয়া উলফ আদি উল্লেখযোগ্য। ২০১২ চনত টৰণ্টো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ পি এইচ ডি সমাৱৰ্তন অনুষ্ঠানত কাৰ্ছনে বিভিন্ন বিষয়ৰ ওপৰত "চমু বক্তৃতা" বা চমু আকাৰৰ কবিতাৰ এটা শৃংখলা উপস্থাপন কৰে।<ref name="U of T honor" /> ২০১১ চনত তেওঁ বুশ থিয়েটাৰৰ ''ছিক্সটি ছিক্স বুকছ'' প্ৰকল্পতো অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰে। তেওঁ কিং জেমছ বাইবেলৰ ''জুড'' পত্ৰৰ আধাৰত "জুড° দ্য গোট এট মিডনাইট" নামৰ এটা ৰচনা লিখিছিল।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Woddis |first1=Carole |title=Sixty-Six Books, Bush Theatre |url=https://www.theartsdesk.com/theatre/sixty-six-books-bush-theatre |website=The Arts Desk |access-date=16 September 2020 |date=17 October 2011 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916185853/https://www.theartsdesk.com/theatre/sixty-six-books-bush-theatre |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |editor1-last=Haydon |editor1-first=Christopher |editor2-last=Holmes |editor2-first=Rachel |editor3-last=Power |editor3-first=Ben |editor4-last=Rourke |editor4-first=Josie |editor1-link=Christopher Haydon |editor3-link=Ben Power |editor4-link=Josie Rourke |title=Sixty-Six Books: 21st Century Writers Speak to the King James Bible |date=2011 |publisher=Oberon Books |location=London |isbn=978-1-84943-227-6 |page=521 |chapter=The Goat at Midnight}}</ref> === গ্ৰহণযোগ্যতা === কাৰ্ছনৰ প্ৰথমখন কবিতাৰ গ্ৰন্থ — ১৯৮৪ চনৰ ''কানিকুলা দি আন্না'' — তেওঁক প্ৰথম সাহিত্যিক পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰোৱাইছিল। গ্ৰন্থখনে ''কোৱাৰ্টাৰলি ৰিভিউ অৱ লিটাৰেচাৰ'' বেটী কলাডে পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |editor1-last=Weiss |editor1-first=Renée |editor2-last=Weiss |editor2-first=Theodore |editor2-link=Theodore Weiss (poet) |title=Canicula di Anna |journal=Quarterly Review of Literature |date=1984 |volume=25 |pages=4–39 |series=Contemporary Poetry Series 6 |location=Princeton}}</ref><ref name="Meyer Colladay">{{cite book |last1=Meyer |first1=Paul |title=She] ⟨Ha?⟩ She – The ''Canicula di Anna'': A Fractal Approach |date=2016 |publisher=University of Toronto |location=Toronto |page=2 |chapter=Foreword |url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/76562/3/Meyer_Paul_A_201611_PhD_thesis.pdf |access-date=26 August 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331121258/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/76562/3/Meyer_Paul_A_201611_PhD_thesis.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jaget">{{cite journal |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |title=Jaget |journal=Chicago Review |date=1996 |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=38–41 |doi=10.2307/25304108 |jstor=25304108 }}</ref> ১৯৮৬ চনত প্ৰকাশিত তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম প্ৰবন্ধ-গ্ৰন্থ ''ইৰছ দ্য বিটাৰছুইট''-ৰ প্ৰশংসা তাৰ পিছৰ পোন্ধৰ বছৰত ক্ৰমে বৃদ্ধি পায়। প্ৰথমে ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্যৰ গৱেষণাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত এই গ্ৰন্থখনক গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছিল। পিছত ইয়াক চেনেকা, মণ্টেইন আৰু এমাৰছনৰ দৰে লেখকৰ গীতিধৰ্মী প্ৰবন্ধৰ পুনৰাগমন হিচাপে দেখা হৈছিল। ১৯৯০ৰ দশকৰ গভীৰ সময়ত গ্ৰন্থখন পুনৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰি নতুন পাঠকৰ বাবে "সাহিত্য" হিচাপে উপস্থাপন কৰাৰ পাছত কবিসকলৰ মাজতো ইয়াৰ প্ৰভাৱ বৃদ্ধি পায়।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=D'Agata |first1=John |author-link1=John D'Agata |title=Review: Men in the Off Hours |journal=Boston Review |date=1 June 2000 |url=http://bostonreview.net/poetry/john-dagata-review-men-hours |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=5 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905142930/http://bostonreview.net/poetry/john-dagata-review-men-hours |url-status=live }}</ref> ১৯৯৯ চনত ''ইৰছ দ্য বিটাৰছুইট'' বিংশ শতিকাৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ ১০০খন অকল্পকাহিনী গ্ৰন্থৰ মডাৰ্ণ লাইব্ৰেৰীৰ পাঠক তালিকাত স্থান লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Modern Library">{{cite web |title=Modern Library: 100 Best Nonfiction |url=http://www.modernlibrary.com/top-100/100-best-nonfiction |publisher=Modern Library |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306013605/http://www.modernlibrary.com/top-100/100-best-nonfiction |access-date=16 September 2020|archive-date=2012-03-06 }}</ref> ২০০৪ চনত ''[[অটোবায়'গ্ৰাফী অৱ ৰেড]]''ৰ সৈতে গ্ৰন্থখনৰ উল্লেখ টেলিভিছন ধাৰাবাহিক ''দ্য এল ৱৰ্ড''ৰ এটা খণ্ডতো কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Rourke |first1=Meghan |title=Hermetic Hotties: What is Anne Carson doing on The L Word? |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2004/02/why-the-l-word-gives-props-to-anne-carson.html |website=Slate |access-date=16 September 2020 |date=11 February 2004 |archive-date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130025003/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2004/02/why-the-l-word-gives-props-to-anne-carson.html |url-status=live }}</ref> কাৰ্ছনৰ কামৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ স্বীকৃতি কুইবেক ৰাইটাৰ্ছ ফেডাৰেচন বঁটাৰপৰাও আহিছিল। ১৯৯৩ চনত ''শ্বৰ্ট টকছ'' গ্ৰন্থখনৰ বাবে তেওঁক চূড়ান্ত তালিকাত ৰখা হৈছিল আৰু ১৯৯৬ৰপৰা ২০০১ৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁ তিনিবাৰ এই সন্মান লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref name="QSPELL" /> তেওঁৰ আৰম্ভণিৰ প্ৰকাশনসমূহৰ বাবে ১৯৯৪ চনৰ জাৰ্নি পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকাত "ৱাটাৰ মাৰ্জিনছ" অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হৈছিল।<ref name="Journey 1994" /> ১৯৯৬ চনত তেওঁ কবিতাৰ বাবে লেনান সাহিত্য বঁটা আৰু ১৯৯৭ চনত "জাজেট" কবিতাৰ বাবে পুশকাৰ্ট পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Lannan Award" /><ref name="Meyer Pushcart">{{cite book |last1=Meyer |first1=Paul |title=She] ⟨Ha?⟩ She – The ''Canicula di Anna'': A Fractal Approach |date=2016 |publisher=University of Toronto |location=Toronto |page=211 |chapter=''blue for'' (On Lecturing in Anne Carson) |url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/76562/3/Meyer_Paul_A_201611_PhD_thesis.pdf |access-date=26 August 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331121258/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/76562/3/Meyer_Paul_A_201611_PhD_thesis.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Jaget"/> ১৯৯৭ চনত তেওঁ ৰকফেলাৰ বেলাজিঅ' চেণ্টাৰ ফেল'শ্বিপ, ১৯৯৮ চনত কবিতাৰ বাবে গুগেনহাইম ফেল'শ্বিপ আৰু ২০০০ চনত মেকআৰ্থাৰ ফেল'শ্বিপ লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Bellagio" /><ref name="Guggenheim 1998" /><ref name="MacArthur 2000" /> নেশ্যনেল বুক ক্ৰিটিকছ চাৰ্কল বঁটাৰ বাবে কাৰ্ছন তিনিবাৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকাত আছিল — ১৯৯৮ চনত ''[[অটোবায়'গ্ৰাফী অৱ ৰেড]]'', ২০০০ চনত ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ'' আৰু ২০১০ চনত ''নক্স''ৰ বাবে।<ref name="NBCCA 1998" /><ref name="NBCCA 2000" /><ref name="NBCCA 2010" /> ১৯৯৮ চনত এই বঁটাৰ পৰিসৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় হোৱাৰ পিছত কাৰ্ছন আৰু এলিছ মুনৰো প্ৰথম দুগৰাকী আমেৰিকাৰ বাহিৰৰ মনোনীত ব্যক্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="Poetry Foundation"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wolfe |first1=Linda |title=Remembering Alice Munro's National Book Critics Circle Award |url=https://www.bookcritics.org/2013/10/23/remembering-alice-munros-national-book-critics-circle-award/ |publisher=National Book Critics Circle |access-date=14 September 2020 |date=23 October 2013 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924104757/https://www.bookcritics.org/2013/10/23/remembering-alice-munros-national-book-critics-circle-award/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ১৯৯৮ চনত তেওঁ ''গ্লাছ এণ্ড গড''ৰ বাবে ফৰৱাৰ্ড পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকাতো আছিল।<ref name="Forward 1998" /> ১৯৯৯ৰপৰা ২০১৩ৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁ চাৰিবাৰ টি এছ এলিয়ট পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকাত আছিল আৰু ২০০১ চনত ''দ্য বিউটি অৱ দ্য হাজবেণ্ড''ৰ বাবে পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Eliot 2001" /> তেওঁ এই পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰা প্ৰথমগৰাকী মহিলা আছিল।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kennedy |first1=Maev |title=Canadian poet becomes first woman to win TS Eliot Prize |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/jan/22/books.humanities |access-date=13 September 2020 |agency=The Guardian |date=22 January 2002 |archive-date=24 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624170847/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/jan/22/books.humanities |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০১ চনত ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ''ৰ বাবে কাৰ্ছন গ্ৰিফিন কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰা প্ৰথমগৰাকী কবি হয়।<ref name="Griffin 2001" /> ২০১৩ চনত ''ৰেড ডক>''ৰ বাবে তেওঁ এই পুৰস্কাৰ দ্বিতীয়বাৰ লাভ কৰা প্ৰথমগৰাকী কবিও হয়।<ref name="Griffin 2014" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Anne Carson adds second Griffin poetry prize |url=https://calgaryherald.com/entertainment/books/anne-carson-adds-second-griffin-poetry-prize |access-date=13 September 2020 |work=Calgary Herald |date=7 June 2014}}</ref> ২০১০ চনৰ গ্ৰিফিন কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰৰ বিচাৰকৰ দায়িত্বও তেওঁ পালন কৰিছিল।<ref name="Griffin 2010" /> ২০০৫ চনত কাৰ্ছনক অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ কানাডাৰ সদস্য হিচাপে নিযুক্ত কৰা হয়। সেই সময়ত তেওঁক "আমাৰ দেশৰ সাহিত্যৰ এক অনন্য কণ্ঠ" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Canada MC" /> ২০১২ চনত তেওঁ তেওঁৰ শিক্ষানুষ্ঠান টৰণ্টো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা সন্মানীয় ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="U of T honor" /> ২০১৪ চনত তেওঁ ছেইণ্ট এণ্ড্ৰুজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা ডক্টৰ অৱ লেটাৰ্ছৰ সন্মানীয় ডিগ্ৰী লাভ কৰে।<ref name="U of St A honour" /> ২০১৮ চনত ২০১৮ চনৰ নোবেল সাহিত্য বঁটা পিছুৱাই দিয়াৰ পৰিপ্ৰেক্ষিতত বিকল্প হিচাপে স্থাপন কৰা নিউ একাডেমি পুৰস্কাৰৰ বাবে কাৰ্ছনক দীঘল তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="New Academy Prize">{{cite news |title=Margaret Atwood, Kim Thúy and Anne Carson nominated for alternative Nobel Prize |url=https://www.cbc.ca/books/margaret-atwood-kim-th%C3%BAy-and-anne-carson-nominated-for-alternative-nobel-prize-1.4744398 |access-date=17 October 2020 |work=CBC |date=12 July 2018 |archive-date=18 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118202917/https://www.cbc.ca/books/margaret-atwood-kim-th%C3%BAy-and-anne-carson-nominated-for-alternative-nobel-prize-1.4744398 |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২০ চনত তেওঁ সাহিত্যৰ বাবে প্ৰিন্সেছ অৱ আষ্টুৰিয়াছ পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Asturias" /> ২০২১ চনত তেওঁ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সাহিত্যত কৃতিত্বৰ বাবে পেন/নাবোকভ পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref name="PEN2021">{{cite web |title=Announcing the 2021 PEN America Literary Awards Career Achievement Winners |date=23 March 2021 |url=https://pen.org/literary-awards/2021-pen-america-literary-awards-career-achievement-winners/ |publisher=PEN America |access-date=14 April 2021 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414040744/https://pen.org/literary-awards/2021-pen-america-literary-awards-career-achievement-winners/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২০ চনত তেওঁ ''নৰ্মা জিন বেকাৰ অৱ ট্ৰয়''ৰ বাবে গৱৰ্ণৰ জেনেৰেলৰ ইংৰাজী কবিতা সাহিত্য বঁটাও লাভ কৰে।<ref name="ggaward" /> ২০২৪ চনৰ তেওঁৰ গ্ৰন্থ ''[[ৰং নৰ্মা]]'' নেশ্যনেল বুক বঁটাৰ কবিতা শাখাৰ দীঘল তালিকাত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The 2024 National Book Awards Longlist |url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/2024-national-book-awards-longlist |access-date=13 September 2024 |magazine=The New Yorker |date=12 September 2024}}</ref> কাৰ্ছনৰ কামৰ ওপৰত দুখন সম্পাদিত গ্ৰন্থও প্ৰকাশ পাইছে। ''এন কাৰ্ছন: একষ্টেটিক লাইৰ'' জছুৱা মেৰী উইলকিনছনে সম্পাদনা কৰি ২০১৫ চনত মিছিগান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্ৰেছে প্ৰকাশ কৰে। গ্ৰন্থখনত তেওঁৰ বিভিন্ন ৰচনাৰ বিস্তৃত আলোচনা আছে।<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Wilkinson |editor1-first=Joshua Marie |editor1-link=Joshua Marie Wilkinson |title=Anne Carson: Ecstatic Lyre |date=2015 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=Ann Arbor |isbn=978-0-472-05253-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnEvBgAAQBAJ&q=Anne+Carson:+Ecstatic+Lyre}}</ref> ''এন কাৰ্ছন/এণ্টিকুইটি'' লৰা জেনছেনে সম্পাদনা কৰি ২০২১ চনত ব্লুমছবেৰীয়ে প্ৰকাশ কৰে। ইয়াত তেওঁৰ কবিতা, অনুবাদ, প্ৰবন্ধ আৰু দৃশ্যশিল্পত প্ৰকাশ পোৱা ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্যৰ প্ৰভাৱ আলোচনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Jansen |editor1-first=Laura |title=Anne Carson/ Antiquity |date=2021 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-350-17475-7 |url=https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/anne-carson-antiquity-9781350174771/ |access-date=2021-10-07 |archive-date=2021-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007092150/https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/anne-carson-antiquity-9781350174771/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৩ চনত এলিজাবেথ ছাৰা ক'লছে কাৰ্ছনৰ কামৰ ওপৰত ''এন কাৰ্ছন: দ্য গ্লাছ এছেইষ্ট'' নামৰ সমালোচনামূলক গ্ৰন্থ প্ৰকাশ কৰে।<ref>{{cite book |author1-last=Coles |author1-first=Elizabeth Sarah |title=Anne Carson: The Glass Essayist |date=2023 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford and New York |isbn=978-0-197-81333-1 |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/anne-carson-9780197813331?lang=en&cc=gb# |access-date=3 February 2025}}</ref> এই গ্ৰন্থখনে ২০২৪ চনত কবিতা সমালোচনাৰ বাবে পোয়েট্ৰি ফাউণ্ডেচনৰ পেগাছাছ পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰে। শেহতীয়া বছৰসমূহত কাৰ্ছনক নোবেল সাহিত্য বঁটাৰ সম্ভাৱ্য প্ৰাৰ্থী হিচাপে বিবেচনা কৰা হৈছিল। তেওঁৰ সৈতে মাৰ্গাৰেট এটউড, মেৰিজ কঁদে, হাৰুকি মুৰাকামি, ঙুগি ৱা থিয়ং'অ, লিউডমিলা উলিৎস্কায়া আৰু ক্যান শোৱেৰ দৰে লেখকৰ নামো উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ahlander |first1=Johan |title=Moving on from scandal, Swedish Academy to award two Nobel literature prizes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nobel-prize-literature/moving-on-from-scandal-swedish-academy-to-award-two-nobel-literature-prizes-idUSKBN1WM23V |access-date=14 September 2020 |work=Reuters |date=7 October 2019 |archive-date=15 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215023028/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nobel-prize-literature/moving-on-from-scandal-swedish-academy-to-award-two-nobel-literature-prizes-idUSKBN1WM23V |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Haynes |first1=Suyin |title=Last Year's Nobel Prize in Literature Was Canceled Over Scandal and Conflict. Can 2019's Award Mark a Comeback? |url=https://time.com/5696202/nobel-prize-literature-2019/ |publisher=Time |access-date=14 September 2020 |date=9 October 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922214309/https://time.com/5696202/nobel-prize-literature-2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shephard |first1=Alex |title=Who Will Win the 2019 (or the 2018! ) Nobel Prize in Literature? |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/155316/will-win-2019-or-2018-nobel-prize-literature |publisher=The New Republic |access-date=14 September 2020 |date=9 October 2019 |archive-date=6 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006174515/https://newrepublic.com/article/155316/will-win-2019-or-2018-nobel-prize-literature |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Henley |first1=Jon |title=Two Nobel literature prizes to be awarded after sexual assault scandal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/10/nobel-prize-for-literature-to-be-awarded-twice-after-sexual-assault-scandal |access-date=14 September 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=10 October 2019 |archive-date=10 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010091152/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/oct/10/nobel-prize-for-literature-to-be-awarded-twice-after-sexual-assault-scandal |url-status=live }}</ref> == অনুবাদ == কাৰ্ছনে দহখন প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক ট্ৰেজেডী অনুবাদ কৰিছে। ইয়াৰে এখন এস্কাইলাছৰ, দুখন ছফকলিছৰ আৰু সাতখন ইউৰিপিডিছৰ। এস্কাইলাছৰ ''আগামেমনন'', ছফকলিছৰ ''এণ্টিগনী'' আৰু ''ইলেক্ট্ৰা'', আৰু ইউৰিপিডিছৰ ''আল্কেষ্টিছ'', ''হেকুবা'', ''হেৰাক্লিছ'', ''হিপ্প'লাইটাছ'', ''ইফিজেনিয়া ইন টাউৰিছ'', ''অৰেষ্টিছ'' আৰু ''দ্য বাকাই'' তেওঁৰ অনুবাদৰ ভিতৰত আছে। তেওঁ ছেফোৰ কবিতাও ইংৰাজীলৈ অনুবাদ কৰিছে। কাৰ্ছনৰ অনুবাদৰ সাতখন গ্ৰন্থৰ প্ৰথম সংস্কৰণ আমেৰিকাত নপ, ফাৰাৰ, ষ্ট্ৰছ এণ্ড জিৰু, নিউয়ৰ্ক ৰিভিউ অৱ বুকছ আৰু চিকাগো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্ৰেছে প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। যুক্তৰাজ্যত অবেৰন বুকছ আৰু অক্সফৰ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় প্ৰেছে সেইবোৰ প্ৰকাশ কৰিছে। ১৯৮৬ চনৰ আগষ্টৰপৰা ১৯৮৭ চনৰ আগষ্টলৈ কাৰ্ছন ৰকফেলাৰ ফেল' হিচাপে নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ৯২তম ষ্ট্ৰীট ৱাইত আছিল। তাত তেওঁ ছফকলিছৰ ''ইলেক্ট্ৰা''ৰ অনুবাদৰ কাম কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Meyer |first1=Paul |title=She] ⟨Ha?⟩ She – The ''Canicula di Anna'': A Fractal Approach |date=2016 |publisher=University of Toronto |location=Toronto |page=192 |chapter=''blue for'' (On Lecturing in Anne Carson) |url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/76562/3/Meyer_Paul_A_201611_PhD_thesis.pdf |access-date=26 August 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331121258/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/76562/3/Meyer_Paul_A_201611_PhD_thesis.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> অনুবাদটো অৱশেষত ২০০১ চনত প্ৰকাশ পায়<ref name="Electra" /> আৰু ২০০৯ চনৰ ''এন অৰেষ্টিয়া'' গ্ৰন্থত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত হয়।<ref name="Oresteia" /> এই গ্ৰন্থখনে ২০১০ চনত অনুবাদত কবিতাৰ বাবে পেন পুৰস্কাৰ লাভ কৰে।<ref name="PEN Oresteia" /> ''এন অৰেষ্টিয়া''ত এস্কাইলাছৰ ''আগামেমনন'', ছফকলিছৰ ''ইলেক্ট্ৰা'' আৰু ইউৰিপিডিছৰ ''অৰেষ্টিছ'' অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত আছিল। ২০০৯ চনত নিউয়ৰ্কত ক্লাছিক ষ্টেজ কোম্পানীয়ে এই নাটক মঞ্চস্থ কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |title=An Oresteia |url=https://classicstage.org/shows/2009/03/an-oresteia/ |publisher=Classic Stage Company |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001120844/https://classicstage.org/shows/2009/03/an-oresteia/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001120844/https://classicstage.org/shows/2009/03/an-oresteia/ |archivedate=1 October 2020 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০০৭ চনত কাৰ্ছন বাৰ্লিনৰ আমেৰিকান একাডেমীত আন্না-মাৰিয়া কেলেন ফেল' আছিল। তাত তেওঁ প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক নাটক ''প্ৰমিথিউছ বাউণ্ড''ৰ অনুবাদৰ কাম কৰিছিল। এই নাটকখন এস্কাইলাছৰ ৰচনা বুলি ধৰা হয়।<ref name="Berlin Fellow" /> ইয়াৰ এটা অংশ ২০১০ চনত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল।<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |title=Prometheus Bound: An Excerpt from the Play by Aischylos |journal=The Wolf |date=June 2010 |issue=23 |pages=6–7}}</ref> ২০১৫ চনত ইভো ভান হ'ভে পৰিচালনা কৰা আৰু জুলিয়েট বিনোছে অভিনয় কৰা কাৰ্ছনৰ ''এণ্টিগনী''ৰ এক মঞ্চায়ন লুক্সেমবাৰ্গৰ লেছ থিয়েট্ৰ দ্য লা ভিল দ্য লুক্সেমবাৰ্গত মুকলি হয়। পিছত ই ইউৰোপ আৰু আমেৰিকাৰ কেইবাখনো চহৰলৈ যায়। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত লণ্ডনৰ বাৰ্বিকান চেণ্টাৰ, নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ব্ৰুকলিন একাডেমী অৱ মিউজিক আৰু পেৰিছৰ থিয়েট্ৰ দ্য লা ভিল আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Antigone |url=https://tga.nl/en/productions/antigone |publisher=Toneelgroep Amsterdam |access-date=15 September 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805213447/https://tga.nl/en/productions/antigone |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805213447/https://tga.nl/en/productions/antigone |archivedate=5 August 2020 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> == শিক্ষাদান == কাৰ্ছনে ১৯৭৯ চনত কেলগেৰী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্যৰ শিক্ষাদানৰ কৰ্মজীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰে। তেতিয়া তেওঁ টৰণ্টো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পি এইচ ডি সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰা নাছিল।<ref name="LitEncyc" /> ১৯৮০ চনত তেওঁ প্ৰিন্সটন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰে আৰু প্ৰথমে প্ৰশিক্ষক আৰু পিছত সহকাৰী অধ্যাপক হিচাপে কাম কৰে।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Meyer |first1=Paul |title=She] (Ha?) She – The ''Canicula di Anna'': A Fractal Approach |date=2016 |publisher=University of Toronto |location=Toronto |page=163 |chapter=''blue for'' (On Metonymns in Anne Carson) |quote=While at Princeton Anne Carson taught (as Instructor and later Assistant Professor) the following courses: ''The Anti-Augustans: Ovid and the Elegists''; ''Introduction to Augustan Literature''; ''Beginner's Latin Continued: Basic Prose''; ''The Lyric Age of Greece''; and ''Greek Drama in Translation''. |url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/76562/3/Meyer_Paul_A_201611_PhD_thesis.pdf |access-date=26 August 2020 |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331121258/https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/76562/3/Meyer_Paul_A_201611_PhD_thesis.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ১৯৮৬–১৯৮৭ চনত ৰকফেলাৰ ফেল' হিচাপে থাকোঁতে তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্কৰ ৯২তম ষ্ট্ৰীট ৱাইতো শিক্ষাদান কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Bloom |editor1-first=Harold |editor2-last=Lehman |editor2-first=David |editor1-link=Harold Bloom |editor2-link=David Lehman |title=The Best of the Best American Poetry 1988-1997 |date=1998 |page=307 |publisher=Scribner Poetry |location=New York |isbn=0-684-84779-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vsd9jwYZ5HEC&q=The+Best+American+Poetry+1998 |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> স্থায়ী অধ্যাপকৰ পদ লাভ নকৰাৰ পাছত<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rae |first1=Ian |title=Runaway Classicists: Anne Carson and Alice Munro's 'Juliet' Stories |journal=Journal of the Short Story in English |date=Autumn 2010 |issue=55 – Special Issue: The Short Stories of Alice Munro |page=5 |publisher=Presses universities d'Angers |url=https://journals.openedition.org/jsse/1117 |access-date=18 September 2020 |issn=1969-6108 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607230821/https://journals.openedition.org/jsse/1117 |url-status=live }}</ref> তেওঁ ১৯৮৭ চনত প্ৰিন্সটন এৰি এম'ৰি বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত এবছৰ ধ্ৰুপদী ভাষা আৰু সাহিত্য পঢ়ুৱায়। তাৰ পিছত তেওঁ মণ্ট্ৰিয়েললৈ গৈ মেকগিল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্যৰ স্নাতকোত্তৰ অধ্যয়নৰ সঞ্চালক হিচাপে যোগদান কৰে।<ref name="Poetry Foundation" /> ১৯৯০ৰ দশকৰ শেষভাগত মেকগিল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক ভাষাৰ সকলো স্নাতকোত্তৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম বন্ধ কৰি ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্য বিভাগ বন্ধ কৰে আৰু বাকী ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্যৰ পাঠ্যক্ৰম ইতিহাস বিভাগলৈ স্থানান্তৰ কৰে।<ref name="LitEncyc" /> কাৰ্ছনে মেকগিলত সহযোগী অধ্যাপক হিচাপে পঢ়ুৱাই থাকিলেও বছৰৰ আধা সময় আন শিক্ষানুষ্ঠানত অতিথি বক্তা হিচাপে কাম কৰিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। ইয়াৰ ভিতৰত মিছিগান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়, বাৰ্কলি আৰু কেলিফৰ্ণিয়া কলেজ অৱ আৰ্টছ এণ্ড ক্ৰাফ্টছ আছিল।<ref name="Freehling">{{cite web |title=Institute for the Humanities: Norman Freehling Visiting Professorship |url=https://lsa.umich.edu/humanities/programs/normal-freehling-visiting-professorship-.html |publisher=University of Michigan |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617022858/https://lsa.umich.edu/humanities/programs/normal-freehling-visiting-professorship-.html |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617022858/https://lsa.umich.edu/humanities/programs/normal-freehling-visiting-professorship-.html |archivedate=17 June 2018 |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref name="LitEncyc" /> ২০০০ চনত তেওঁ মেকগিল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত জন মেকনটন ধ্ৰুপদী সাহিত্যৰ অধ্যাপক হিচাপে নিযুক্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite web |title=Biography of Anne Carson |url=https://www.brickbooks.ca/reviews/biography-of-anne-carson-reviewed-by/ |publisher=Brick Books |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009120324/http://www.brickbooks.ca/reviews/biography-of-anne-carson-reviewed-by/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009120324/http://www.brickbooks.ca/reviews/biography-of-anne-carson-reviewed-by/ |archivedate=9 October 2016 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০০৩ চনত কাৰ্ছন এন আৰ্বৰলৈ গৈ মিছিগান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত যোগদান কৰে। ২০০৯ চনলৈকে তেওঁ ধ্ৰুপদী অধ্যয়ন, তুলনামূলক সাহিত্য আৰু ইংৰাজী ভাষা-সাহিত্যৰ অধ্যাপক আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=Faculty History Project: Anne Carson |url=http://faculty-history.dc.umich.edu/faculty/anne-carson |publisher=Millennium Project, University of Michigan |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818184513/http://faculty-history.dc.umich.edu/faculty/anne-carson |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811184513/http://faculty-history.dc.umich.edu/faculty/anne-carson |archivedate=11 August 2022 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০০৪ চনত অক্সফৰ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ কবিতা অধ্যাপকৰ পদৰ বাবে তেওঁ প্ৰতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা কৰিছিল আৰু প্ৰায় ৩০টা মনোনয়নৰ ভিতৰত দ্বিতীয় স্থান লাভ কৰিছিল।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Curtis |first1=Polly |title=Oxford names poetry professor shortlist |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2004/apr/30/highereducation.news |access-date=20 September 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=30 April 2004 |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207185103/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2004/apr/30/highereducation.news |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনত পুনৰ এই চাৰি বছৰৰ পদটোৰ সম্ভাৱ্য প্ৰাৰ্থী হিচাপে তেওঁৰ নাম উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Waterson |first1=James |title=Poet Laureate snubs Oxford poetry post |url=https://cherwell.org/2009/02/26/poet-laurete-snubs-oxford-poetry-post/ |access-date=2 October 2020 |work=Cherwell |publisher=Oxford Student Publications |date=26 February 2009 |archive-date=22 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122142842/https://cherwell.org/2009/02/26/poet-laurete-snubs-oxford-poetry-post/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০০৯ চনত কাৰ্ছনে নিউয়ৰ্ক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ সৃষ্টিশীল লিখন কাৰ্যসূচীত বিশিষ্ট কবি-নিবাসী আৰু অতিথি অধ্যাপক হিচাপে যোগদান কৰে।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Polner |first1=Robert |title=NYU Creative Writing Program Presents New Interactive Performance by Anne Carson, Dec. 10 |url=https://zhangnandi.com/about/news-publications/news/2009/november/nyu_creative_writing_program.html |publisher=New York University |access-date=20 September 2020 |date=24 November 2009 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> তেওঁৰ স্বামী আৰু সহযোগী ৰবাৰ্ট কাৰিৰ সৈতে তেওঁ নিউয়ৰ্ক বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত সহযোগিতাৰ কলাৰ ওপৰত "এগ'চাৰ্কাছ" নামৰ বাৰ্ষিক পাঠ্যক্ৰম পঢ়ুৱায়।<ref name="NYTM 2013">{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=Sam |title=The Inscrutable Brilliance of Anne Carson |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/magazine/the-inscrutable-brilliance-of-anne-carson.html |website=The New York Times Magazine |access-date=20 September 2020 |date=14 March 2013 |archive-date=23 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023213738/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/magazine/the-inscrutable-brilliance-of-anne-carson.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০১০ৰপৰা ২০১৬ চনলৈ তেওঁ কৰ্নেল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত এণ্ড্ৰু ডি. হোৱাইট বৃহৎ-পৰিসৰৰ অধ্যাপক আছিল।<ref name="Cornell">{{cite web |title=All Professors-at-Large – 1965 to June 30, 2025 |url=https://adwhiteprofessors.cornell.edu/all-professors-at-large-1965-to-june-30-20222/ |website=Program for Andrew D. White Professors-at-Large |publisher=Cornell University |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615031244/http://adwhiteprofessors.cornell.edu/all-professors-at-large-1965-to-june-30-20222/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615031244/http://adwhiteprofessors.cornell.edu/all-professors-at-large-1965-to-june-30-20222/ |archivedate=15 June 2018 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০১৩ চনত তেওঁ ষ্টেনফৰ্ড বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰ সৃষ্টিশীল লিখন কাৰ্যসূচীত মোহৰ অতিথি কবি আছিল।<ref>{{cite web |title=A Reading by Anne Carson, The Mohr Visiting Poet |url=https://events.stanford.edu/events/335/33565/ |website=Stanford: Event Calendar |publisher=Stanford University |access-date=20 September 2020 |date=23 April 2013 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120041605/https://events.stanford.edu/events/335/33565/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120041605/https://events.stanford.edu/events/335/33565/ |archivedate=20 January 2022 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ২০১৪ চনত তেওঁ বাৰ্ড কলেজত অতিথি বিশিষ্ট লেখক-নিবাসী হিচাপে যোগদান কৰি ধ্ৰুপদী অধ্যয়ন আৰু লিখিত কলা পঢ়ুৱায়।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Primoff |first1=Mark |title=Esteemed Writer Anne Carson To Join Bard College Faculty |url=https://www.bard.edu/news/releases/pr/fstory.php?id=2563 |publisher=Bard College |access-date=20 September 2020 |location=Annandale-on-Hudson, New York |date=29 April 2014 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915185155/https://www.bard.edu/news/releases/pr/fstory.php?id=2563 |url-status=live }}</ref> কাৰ্ছনে তেওঁৰ কৰ্মজীৱনৰ পিছৰ পৰ্যায়ৰ অধিক বৈচিত্ৰ্যমজ় ভূমিকাক "এগৰাকী অতিথি [যিয়েই নহওক]" বুলি আৰু প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক ভাষা পঢ়ুৱাই কটোৱা দশকসমূহক "সম্পূৰ্ণ আনন্দ" বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে।<ref name="NYTM 2013" /> == সন্মান == ২০২২ চনত কাৰ্ছনক ৰয়েল ছ'চাইটি অৱ লিটাৰেচাৰৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় লেখক হিচাপে নিৰ্বাচিত কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rsliterature.org/rsl-international-writers/|title=RSL International Writers|date=3 September 2023 |access-date=2023-12-03}}</ref> ২০২৩ চনৰ মে' মাহত তেওঁক ২০২৩–২০২৪ সময়ছোৱাৰ বাবে ক্লাছিকেল এছ'চিয়েশ্যনৰ সন্মানীয় সভাপতি হিচাপে ঘোষণা কৰা হয়।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Council |url=https://classicalassociation.org/governance/council/ |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=The Classical Association |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505122741/https://classicalassociation.org/governance/council/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505122741/https://classicalassociation.org/governance/council/ |archivedate=2023-05-05 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> বিশ্বৰ ভাষা আৰু সংস্কৃতিলৈ অসাধাৰণ অৱদানৰ বাবে প্ৰদান কৰা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় ভিগডিছ পুৰস্কাৰো তেওঁ লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anne Carson is the 2023 Vigdís Prize Laureate {{!}} University of Iceland |url=https://english.hi.is/news/anne_carson_is_the_2023_vigdis_prize_laureate |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=english.hi.is |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223031201/https://english.hi.is/news/anne_carson_is_the_2023_vigdis_prize_laureate |archivedate=2024-02-23 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> তেওঁ ২০২৬ চনৰ নোবেল সাহিত্য বঁটা লাভ কৰে। == ব্যক্তিগত জীৱন == কাৰ্ছনে নিজৰ ব্যক্তিগত জীৱনৰ বিষয়ে কম কথা কয় আৰু তেওঁৰ লেখাক আত্মজীৱনীমূলকভাৱে ব্যাখ্যা কৰাটো উৎসাহিত নকৰে।<ref name="Willard 2011">{{cite book |last1=Willard |first1=Thomas |editor1-last=Canfield Reisman |editor1-first=Rosemary M. |title=Critical Survey of Poetry: British, Irish and Commonwealth Poets |date=2011 |publisher=Salem Press |location=Pasadena, California |isbn=9781587657559 |pages=225–228 |url=https://www.academia.edu/490379 |access-date=26 August 2020 |chapter=Anne Carson |archive-date=17 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517000614/https://www.academia.edu/490379 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517000614/https://www.academia.edu/490379 |archivedate=17 May 2022 }}</ref> প্ৰকাশিত তথ্যত তেওঁৰ বিষয়ে প্ৰায়ে কেৱল "এন কাৰ্ছনৰ জন্ম কানাডাত আৰু তেওঁ জীৱিকা হিচাপে প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক ভাষা পঢ়ুৱায়" বুলি লিখা থাকে।<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Short Talks |date=2015 |publisher=Brick Books Classics |location=London, Ontario |isbn=978-1-77131-342-1}}</ref> তেওঁ স্বীকাৰোক্তিমূলক কবি নহয় যদিও তেওঁৰ কামক ব্যক্তিগত বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref name="Scranton 2014" /> কাৰ্ছনে কৈছে যে তেওঁৰ লেখাত তেওঁ নিজৰ জীৱনক পৃথিৱীৰ আন তথ্যসমূহৰ মাজত কেৱল এটা তথ্যসমষ্টি হিচাপে ব্যৱহাৰ কৰে।<ref name="D'Agata 1997">{{cite journal |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |last2=D'Agata |first2=John |author-link2=John D'Agata |title=A ___ with Anne Carson |journal=The Iowa Review |date=Summer 1997 |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=1–22 |doi=10.17077/0021-065X.4868 |doi-access=free }}</ref> তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম বিবাহৰ সময়ত তেওঁ জিয়াকোমেল্লি উপাধি ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। এই বিবাহ আঠ বছৰ চলি ১৯৮০ চনত শেষ হয়।<ref name="LitEncyc" /> এই বিবাহ আৰু তাৰ পিছৰ ঘটনাসমূহ ''প্লেইনৱাটাৰ''ত সংকলিত "কাইণ্ডছ অৱ ৱাটাৰ" আৰু ''দ্য বিউটি অৱ দ্য হাজবেণ্ড''ৰ উৎস হিচাপে বিবেচনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite news |last1=Merkin |first1=Daphne |author-link1=Daphne Merkin |title=Last Tango |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/30/books/last-tango.html |access-date=8 October 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=30 September 2001 |quote=It is always difficult, of course, to gauge how much is autobiographical in a writer's material, and Carson is trickier than most in this regard, but 'Husband' strikes me as being the least cloaked about its origins in lived life. |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011120415/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/09/30/books/last-tango.html |url-status=live }}</ref> কাৰ্ছনে নিশ্চিত কৰিছে যে বিবাহ বিচ্ছেদৰ সময়ত তেওঁৰ প্ৰথম স্বামীয়ে তেওঁৰ টোকাবহীসমূহ লৈ গৈছিল, যদিও পিছত সেইবোৰ ঘূৰাই দিছিল।<ref name="Wachtel 2012">{{cite journal |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |last2=Wachtel |first2=Eleanor |title=An Interview with Anne Carson |journal=Brick: A Literary Journal |date=Summer 2012 |issue=89 |pages=29–47 |url=https://brickmag.com/an-interview-with-anne-carson/ |access-date=23 July 2020 |archive-date=8 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908224945/https://brickmag.com/an-interview-with-anne-carson/ |url-status=live }}</ref> কাৰ্ছনৰ পিতৃ ৰবাৰ্ট আলঝেইমাৰ ৰোগত আক্ৰান্ত হৈছিল। ''গ্লাছ, আইৰনি এণ্ড গড''ত সংকলিত "দ্য গ্লাছ এছেই", ''প্লেইনৱাটাৰ''ত সংকলিত "ভেৰী নেৰো" আৰু ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ''ত সংকলিত "ফাদাৰ্ছ অল্ড ব্লু কাৰ্ডিগান"ত তেওঁৰ মানসিক আৰু শাৰীৰিক অৱনতিৰ বিষয়ে আলোচনা কৰা হৈছে। কাৰ্ছনৰ মাতৃ মাৰ্গাৰেট (১৯১৩–১৯৯৭) ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ'' লিখি থকা সময়ত মৃত্যুবৰণ কৰে। কাৰ্ছনে সংকলনখন "এপেণ্ডিক্স টু অ'ৰ্ডিনাৰী টাইম" নামৰ গদ্য ৰচনাৰে শেষ কৰিছিল। ইয়াত ভাৰ্জিনিয়া উলফৰ ডায়েৰী আৰু পাণ্ডুলিপিৰ কাটি দিয়া বাক্যাংশ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি মাতৃৰ বাবে এটা সমাধিলিপি সৃষ্টি কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="LitEncyc" /> ''ৰেড ডক>''ক তেওঁৰ মাতৃৰ মৃত্যুৰ দ্বিতীয়টো শোকগাথা হিচাপে ব্যাখ্যা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Scranton 2014" /> কাৰ্ছনে তেওঁৰ মাতৃক তেওঁৰ জীৱনৰ আটাইতকৈ প্ৰিয় ব্যক্তি বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে।<ref name="Wachtel 2012" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |title=Decreation: Poetry, Essays, Opera |date=2006 |publisher=Vintage Books |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4000-7890-5 |page=5 |chapter=Lines}}</ref> কাৰ্ছনৰ ভাতৃ মাইকেলক ১৯৭৮ চনত ড্ৰাগছ বিক্ৰীৰ অভিযোগত গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। জামিনত মুক্তি পাই তেওঁ কানাডাৰপৰা পলাই যায় আৰু কাৰ্ছনে তেওঁক পুনৰ কেতিয়াও দেখা নাপালে।<ref name="Wachtel 2012" /> কাৰ্ছনে তেওঁৰ জীৱনৰপৰা ভাতৃজন হেৰাই যোৱাৰ ঘটনাটো ''প্লেইনৱাটাৰ''ত সংকলিত "ৱাটাৰ মাৰ্জিনছ: এন এছেই অন ছুইমিং বাই মাই ব্ৰাদাৰ" নামৰ ৰচনাত প্ৰকাশ কৰে। এই ৰচনাখন একপ্ৰকাৰৰ স্মৃতিকথা।<ref name="Willard 2011" /> ২০০০ চনত মাইকেলে তেওঁক ফোন কৰি তেওঁ বাস কৰা কোপেনহেগেনত সাক্ষাৎ কৰাৰ কথা ঠিক কৰিছিল। কিন্তু পুনৰ লগ পোৱাৰ আগতেই তেওঁৰ মৃত্যু হয়।<ref name="Sehgal 2011">{{cite news |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |last2=Sehgal |first2=Parul |author-link2=Parul Sehgal |title=Evoking the starry lad her brother was |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/evoking-the-starry-lad-her-brother-was-1.577255 |access-date=10 October 2020 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=19 March 2011 |archive-date=24 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724045901/https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/evoking-the-starry-lad-her-brother-was-1.577255 |url-status=live }}</ref> কাৰ্ছনে ২০০০ চনত ভাতৃৰ বাবে সৃষ্টি কৰি ২০১০ চনত প্ৰকাশ কৰা ''নক্স''ক তেওঁৰ আটাইতকৈ স্পষ্টভাৱে ব্যক্তিগত ৰচনা বুলি বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Scranton 2014" /> কাৰ্ছন শিল্পী ৰবাৰ্ট কাৰিৰ সৈতে বিবাহিত। মিছিগান বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত পঢ়ুৱাই থকা সময়ত এন আৰ্বৰত তেওঁৰ সৈতে কাৰ্ছনৰ পৰিচয় হৈছিল।<ref name="NYTM 2013" /> তেওঁ কাৰিক "মোৰ সহযোগী-স্বামী-মানুহ" বুলি অভিহিত কৰিছে।<ref name="Cove Park" /> তেওঁলোকৰ যৌথ কামৰ ভিতৰত ''নক্স'' আৰু ''এণ্টিগনিক''ৰ গ্ৰন্থ-নক্সা আৰু মঞ্চ পৰিৱেশন আছে। সৃষ্টিশীল প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰ সময়ত কাৰ্ছনে কাৰিক "দ্য ৰেণ্ডমাইজাৰ" বুলিও কয়।<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |last2=Currie |first2=Robert |last3=Berkobien |first3=Megan |author-mask=1 |title=An interview with Anne Carson and Robert Currie |url=https://www.asymptotejournal.com/interview/an-interview-with-anne-carson-and-robert-currie/ |website=Asymptote |access-date=7 October 2020 |date=October 2013 |archive-date=14 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014005528/https://www.asymptotejournal.com/interview/an-interview-with-anne-carson-and-robert-currie/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২২ চনৰ ১৯ এপ্ৰিলত কাৰ্ছন আৰু কাৰিক আইচলেণ্ডৰ নাগৰিকত্ব প্ৰদান কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.althingi.is/altext/stjt/2022.019.html | title=Lög um veitingu ríkisborgararéttar | access-date=2022-11-20 | archive-date=2022-11-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120001721/https://www.althingi.is/altext/stjt/2022.019.html | url-status=live }}</ref> ২০২৪ চনৰ আগষ্টত ''লণ্ডন ৰিভিউ অৱ বুকছ''ত প্ৰকাশিত এটা প্ৰবন্ধত কাৰ্ছনে প্ৰকাশ কৰে যে তেওঁৰ পাৰ্কিনছন ৰোগ ধৰা পৰিছে।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Carson |first=Anne |date=2024-08-15 |title=Gloves on! |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v46/n16/anne-carson/gloves-on |access-date=2024-08-11 |work=London Review of Books |language=en |volume=46 |issue=16 |issn=0260-9592}}</ref> == পুৰস্কাৰ আৰু ফেল'শ্বিপ == === বিজয়ী === *১৯৮৪: ''কোৱাৰ্টাৰলি ৰিভিউ অৱ লিটাৰেচাৰ'' বেটী কলাডে পুৰস্কাৰ — ''কানিকুলা দি আন্না''ৰ বাবে<ref name="Meyer Colladay" /> *১৯৯৬: কবিতাৰ বাবে লানান সাহিত্য বঁটা<ref name="Lannan Award">{{cite web |title=Anne Carson: 1996 Lannan Literary Award for Poetry |url=https://lannan.org/literary/detail/anne-carson/literary-award |website=Lannan Foundation |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001080055/https://lannan.org/literary/detail/anne-carson/literary-award |url-status=live }}</ref> *১৯৯৬: কিউএছপেল বঁটা — এ. এম. ক্লেইন কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰ, ''গ্লাছ, আইৰনি এণ্ড গড''ৰ বাবে<ref name="QSPELL" /> *১৯৯৭: "জাজেট"ৰ বাবে পুশকাৰ্ট পুৰস্কাৰ<ref name="Meyer Pushcart" /> *১৯৯৮: কিউএছপেল বঁটা — এ. এম. ক্লেইন কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰ, ''[[অটোবায়'গ্ৰাফী অৱ ৰেড]]''ৰ বাবে<ref name="QSPELL" /> *২০০১: ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ''ৰ বাবে গ্ৰিফিন কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰ, কানাডীয় বিজয়ী<ref name="Griffin 2001">{{cite web |title=Anne Carson: Griffin Poetry Prize 2001 |url=https://www.griffinpoetryprize.com/awards-and-poets/shortlists/2001-shortlist/anne-carson/ |website=The Griffin Trust for Excellence in Poetry |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=5 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405122314/http://www.griffinpoetryprize.com/awards-and-poets/shortlists/2001-shortlist/anne-carson/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০০১: ''দ্য বিউটি অৱ দ্য হাজবেণ্ড''ৰ বাবে টি. এছ. এলিয়ট পুৰস্কাৰ<ref name="Eliot 2001">{{cite web |title=About the T. S. Eliot Prize: List of Previous Winners |url=https://tseliot.com/prize/about-the-t-s-eliot-prize/ |publisher=T. S. Eliot Foundation |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930145428/https://tseliot.com/prize/about-the-t-s-eliot-prize/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০০১: ''দ্য বিউটি অৱ দ্য হাজবেণ্ড''ৰ বাবে কবিতাৰ লছ এঞ্জেলছ টাইমছ গ্ৰন্থ পুৰস্কাৰ<ref>{{cite news |last1=Guccione |first1=Jean |title=10 Authors Honored With Times Book Prizes |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-apr-28-me-awards28-story.html |access-date=12 September 2020 |agency=Los Angeles Times |date=28 April 2002}}</ref> *২০০১: কিউবেক ৰাইটাৰ্ছ ফেডাৰেচন বঁটা — এ. এম. ক্লেইন কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰ, ''দ্য বিউটি অৱ দ্য হাজবেণ্ড''ৰ বাবে<ref name="QSPELL" /> *২০১০: ''এন অৰেষ্টিয়া''ৰ বাবে অনুবাদত কবিতাৰ পেন পুৰস্কাৰ<ref name="PEN Oresteia">{{cite web |title=2010 PEN Award for Poetry in Translation |url=https://pen.org/2010-pen-award-for-poetry-in-translation/ |publisher=PEN America |access-date=12 September 2020 |date=16 November 2012 |archive-date=21 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621170341/https://pen.org/2010-pen-award-for-poetry-in-translation/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১২: ''এণ্টিগনিক''ৰ বাবে ক্ৰিটিকছ পুৰস্কাৰ<ref name="Criticos 2012">{{cite web |title=The 2012 Prize |url=http://londonhellenicprize.eu/past-winners-2/2012-prize/ |publisher=The London Hellenic Prize |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=30 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230035928/http://londonhellenicprize.eu/past-winners-2/2012-prize/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230035928/http://londonhellenicprize.eu/past-winners-2/2012-prize/ |archivedate=30 December 2020 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> *২০১৪: ''ৰেড ডক>''ৰ বাবে গ্ৰিফিন কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰ, কানাডীয় বিজয়ী<ref name="Griffin 2014">{{cite web |title=Anne Carson: Griffin Poetry Prize 2014 |url=https://www.griffinpoetryprize.com/awards-and-poets/shortlists/2014-shortlist/anne-carson/ |website=The Griffin Trust for Excellence in Poetry |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=21 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921154113/https://www.griffinpoetryprize.com/awards-and-poets/shortlists/2014-shortlist/anne-carson/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১৬: ব্লু মেট্ৰ'পলিছ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সাহিত্য মহাপুৰস্কাৰ, জীৱনজোৰা কৃতিত্বৰ বাবে<ref name="Blue Met 2016">{{cite web |title=Anne Carson wins 2016 Blue Metropolis Literary Grand Prix |url=http://bluemet.blogspot.com/2016/03/anne-carson-wins-2016-blue-metropolis.html |website=Azure Scratchings |publisher=Blue Metropolis Literary Festival & Foundation |access-date=12 September 2020 |date=23 March 2016 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725054842/http://bluemet.blogspot.com/2016/03/anne-carson-wins-2016-blue-metropolis.html |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১৯: মেনুৱেল আকুনা আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰ<ref>{{cite news |title=Anne Carson gana el Premio Internacional Manuel Acuña 2019 |url=https://aristeguinoticias.com/2312/kiosko/anne-carson-gana-el-premio-internacional-manuel-acuna-2019/ |access-date=14 September 2020 |work=Aristegui Noticias |date=23 December 2019 |language=es |archive-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301201614/https://aristeguinoticias.com/2312/kiosko/anne-carson-gana-el-premio-internacional-manuel-acuna-2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০২০: সাহিত্যৰ বাবে প্ৰিন্সেছ অৱ আষ্টুৰিয়াছ পুৰস্কাৰ<ref name="Asturias">{{cite web |title=Anne Carson: Princess of Asturias Award for Literature 2020 |website=Fundación Princesa de Asturias |url=https://www.fpa.es/en/princess-of-asturias-awards/laureates/2020-anne-carson.html |access-date=18 June 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915204531/https://www.fpa.es/en/princess-of-asturias-awards/laureates/2020-anne-carson.html |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০২০: ''নৰ্মা জিন বেকাৰ অৱ ট্ৰয়''ৰ বাবে গৱৰ্ণৰ জেনেৰেলৰ সাহিত্য বঁটা<ref name="ggaward" /> *২০২১: আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সাহিত্যত কৃতিত্বৰ বাবে পেন/নাবোকভ পুৰস্কাৰ<ref name="PEN2021" /> *২০২৫: জীৱনজোৰা কৃতিত্বৰ বাবে পেৰিছ ৰিভিউ হাডাডা পুৰস্কাৰ<ref name="Hadada 2025">{{cite web |title=Anne Carson Will Receive Our 2025 Hadada Award |url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2024/10/09/anne-carson-will-receive-our-2025-hadada-award/ |website=The Paris Review |access-date=20 June 2025 |date=9 October 2024}}</ref> *২০২৫: জবিগনিউ হাৰ্বাৰ্ট আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সাহিত্য পুৰস্কাৰ<ref name="Herbert 2025">{{cite web|url=https://www.bn.org.pl/en/news/5700-anne-carson-receives-the-2025-zbigniew-herbert-international-literary-award.html |title=Anne Carson receives the 2025 Zbigniew Herbert International Literary Award |work=Biblioteka Narodowa (National Library) |date=14 June 2025 |access-date=8 July 2026}}</ref> === চূড়ান্ত তালিকাৰ প্ৰাৰ্থী === *১৯৯৩: কিউএছপেল বঁটা — এ. এম. ক্লেইন কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকা, ''শ্বৰ্ট টকছ''ৰ বাবে<ref name="QSPELL">{{cite web |title=The QWF Literary Awards: The A. M. Klein Prize for Poetry |url=https://qwf.org/prize/the-a-m-klein-prize-for-poetry/ |publisher=Quebec Writer's Federation |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=8 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208130359/https://qwf.org/prize/the-a-m-klein-prize-for-poetry/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *১৯৯৪: জাৰ্নি পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকা, "ৱাটাৰ মাৰ্জিনছ"ৰ বাবে<ref name="Journey 1994">{{cite book |editor1-last=Glover |editor1-first=Douglas |editor1-link=Douglas Glover (writer) |title=The Journey Prize Anthology 6: Short Fiction from the Best of Canada's New Writers |date=1993 |publisher=McClelland & Stewart |location=Toronto |isbn=978-0771003141}}</ref> *১৯৯৮: ফৰৱাৰ্ড পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকা, ''গ্লাছ এণ্ড গড''ৰ বাবে<ref name="Forward 1998">{{cite web |title=Forward Prizes Alumni: Shortlists by Year, 1998 |work=Forward Arts Foundation |url=https://www.forwardartsfoundation.org/forward-prizes-for-poetry/forward-prizes-alumni/ |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924082945/https://www.forwardartsfoundation.org/forward-prizes-for-poetry/forward-prizes-alumni/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924082945/https://www.forwardartsfoundation.org/forward-prizes-for-poetry/forward-prizes-alumni/ |archivedate=24 September 2020 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> *১৯৯৮: নেশ্যনেল বুক ক্ৰিটিকছ চাৰ্কল বঁটাৰ কবিতা শাখাৰ চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থী, ''[[অটোবায়'গ্ৰাফী অৱ ৰেড]]''ৰ বাবে<ref name="NBCCA 1998">{{cite web |title=The National Book Critics Circle Award: 1998 Winners & Finalists |url=https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/1998/ |publisher=National Book Critics Circle |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928085617/https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/1998/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *১৯৯৯: টি. এছ. এলিয়ট পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকা, ''[[অটোবায়'গ্ৰাফী অৱ ৰেড]]''ৰ বাবে<ref>{{cite news |last1=Potts |first1=Robert |title=Best in the Language |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/jan/15/poetry.awardsandprizes |access-date=12 September 2020 |agency=The Guardian |date=15 January 2000 |archive-date=22 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022063724/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/jan/15/poetry.awardsandprizes |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০০০: টি. এছ. এলিয়ট পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকা, ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ''ৰ বাবে<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gibbons |first1=Fiachra |title=Sun shines again on poet Longley |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/jan/15/poetry.awardsandprizes |access-date=12 September 2020 |agency=The Guardian |date=23 January 2001 |archive-date=22 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022063724/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/jan/15/poetry.awardsandprizes |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০০০: নেশ্যনেল বুক ক্ৰিটিকছ চাৰ্কল বঁটাৰ কবিতা শাখাৰ চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থী, ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ''ৰ বাবে<ref name="NBCCA 2000">{{cite web |title=The National Book Critics Circle Award: 2000 Winners & Finalists |url=https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/2000/ |publisher=National Book Critics Circle |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=25 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625051658/https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/2000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০০১: গৱৰ্ণৰ জেনেৰেলৰ সাহিত্য বঁটাৰ কবিতা শাখাৰ চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থী, ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ''ৰ বাবে<ref name="ggaward">{{cite web |title=Governor General's Literary Awards: Past Winners and Finalists |url=https://ggbooks.ca/past-winners-and-finalists |website=Governor General's Literary Awards |publisher=Canada Council for the Arts |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=21 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421134720/https://ggbooks.ca/past-winners-and-finalists |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০০২: লেন'ৰ মাৰ্শ্বেল কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থী, ''দ্য বিউটি অৱ দ্য হাজবেণ্ড''ৰ বাবে<ref>{{cite web |title=Madeline DeFrees Receives 2002 Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize |url=http://www.poets.org/academy/news/pr021019.cfm |publisher=The Academy of American Poets |access-date=14 September 2020 |date=19 October 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021209032808/http://www.poets.org/academy/news/pr021019.cfm |archive-date=2002-12-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20021209032808/http://www.poets.org/academy/news/pr021019.cfm |archivedate=9 December 2002 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> *২০১০: নেশ্যনেল বুক ক্ৰিটিকছ চাৰ্কল বঁটাৰ কবিতা শাখাৰ চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থী, ''নক্স''ৰ বাবে<ref name="NBCCA 2010">{{cite web |title=The National Book Critics Circle Award: 2010 Winners & Finalists |url=https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/2010/ |publisher=National Book Critics Circle |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=21 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921190204/https://www.bookcritics.org/past-awards/2010/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১৩: টি. এছ. এলিয়ট পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকা, ''ৰেড ডক>''ৰ বাবে<ref>{{cite news |title=T. S. Eliot poetry prize shortlist announced |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-24657057 |access-date=12 September 2020 |agency=BBC News |date=24 October 2013}}</ref> *২০১৩: কিটচিজ ৰেড টেণ্টেকল পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থী, ''ৰেড ডক>''ৰ বাবে<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flood |first1=Alison |title=Thomas Pynchon in line for Kitschies' Red Tentacle award: Famously reclusive author joins Anne Carson, Patrick Ness, Ruth Ozeki and James Smythe on science fiction prize shortlist |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/23/thomas-pynchon-kitschies-red-tentacle-award |access-date=2 October 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=23 January 2014 |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021355/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/23/thomas-pynchon-kitschies-red-tentacle-award |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১৪: ফোলিঅ' পুৰস্কাৰৰ চূড়ান্ত তালিকা, ''ৰেড ডক>''ৰ বাবে<ref name=2014Folio>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefolioprize.com/2014/02/the-2014-folio-prize-shortlist-is-announced/ |title=The 2014 Folio Prize Shortlist is Announced |publisher=The Folio Prize |date=10 February 2014 |access-date=13 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302022828/http://www.thefolioprize.com/2014/02/the-2014-folio-prize-shortlist-is-announced/ |archive-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> *২০১৮: নিউ একাডেমি পুৰস্কাৰ ইন লিটাৰেচাৰৰ দীঘল তালিকা<ref name="New Academy Prize" /> *২০২২: গৱৰ্ণৰ জেনেৰেলৰ সাহিত্য বঁটাৰ কবিতা শাখাৰ চূড়ান্ত প্ৰাৰ্থী, ''এইচ অৱ এইচ প্লেবুক''ৰ বাবে<ref>{{cite web |title=The Canada Council for the Arts Reveals the Governor General's Literary Awards Finalists |url=https://canadacouncil.ca/press/2022/10/the-canada-council-for-the-arts-reveals-the-governor-generals-literary-awards-finalists |website=Governor General's Literary Awards |publisher=Canada Council for the Arts |access-date=17 October 2022 |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016233455/https://canadacouncil.ca/press/2022/10/the-canada-council-for-the-arts-reveals-the-governor-generals-literary-awards-finalists |url-status=live }}</ref> {{col-break}} === ফেল'শ্বিপ === *১৯৯৭: ৰকফেলাৰ বেলাজিঅ' চেণ্টাৰ ফেল'শ্বিপ<ref name="Bellagio">{{cite journal |last1=Mullins |first1=Andrew |last2=McDonagh |first2=Patrick |title=A Poet's Life |journal=McGill News: Alumni Quarterly |date=Winter 1997 |url=http://news-archive.mcgill.ca/w97/poet.htm |access-date=20 September 2020 |publisher=McGill University |location=Montreal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104062705/http://news-archive.mcgill.ca/w97/poet.htm |archive-date=2013-11-04 }}</ref> *১৯৯৮: কবিতাৰ বাবে গুগেনহাইম ফেল'শ্বিপ<ref name="Guggenheim 1998">{{cite web |title=Fellows: Anne Carson |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/anne-carson/ |website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |access-date=12 September 2020 |ref=Guggenheim |archive-date=1 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001111629/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/anne-carson/ |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001111629/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/anne-carson/ |archivedate=1 October 2019 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> *২০০০: মেকআৰ্থাৰ ফেল'শ্বিপ<ref name="MacArthur 2000">{{cite web |title=MacArthur Fellows Program: Anne Carson, Poet and Classicist |url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/634/ |website=MacArthur Foundation |access-date=12 September 2012 |date=1 July 2000 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109162135/https://www.macfound.org/fellows/634/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০০৭: আন্না-মাৰিয়া কেলেন ফেল'শ্বিপ, বাৰ্লিনৰ আমেৰিকান একাডেমী<ref name="Berlin Fellow">{{cite web |title=Fellows & Distinguished Visitors: Anne Carson (Class of Fall 2007) |url=https://www.americanacademy.de/person/anne-carson/ |publisher=The American Academy in Berlin: Hans Arnhold Center |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=24 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924041122/https://www.americanacademy.de/person/anne-carson/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১১: ক্ৰিয়েটিভ স্কটলেণ্ড / ক'ভ পাৰ্ক মুৰিয়েল স্পাৰ্ক ফেল'শ্বিপ<ref>{{cite web |title=Creative Scotland / Cove Park Muriel Spark Fellowship: Anne Carson |url=https://covepark.org/residencies/creative-scotlandcove-park-muriel-spark-fellowship/ |publisher=Cove Park |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=16 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916232735/https://covepark.org/residencies/creative-scotlandcove-park-muriel-spark-fellowship/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১৮: ইংগা মাৰেন অট্টো ফেল'শ্বিপ, ৱাটাৰমিল চেণ্টাৰ<ref>{{cite web |title=Anne Carson (In Residence: Inga Maren Otto Fellow) |url=https://www.watermillcenter.org/anne-carson/#1 |website=The Watermill Center |date=22 November 2017 |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=18 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518212713/https://www.watermillcenter.org/anne-carson/#1 |url-status=live }}</ref> === শৈক্ষিক === *১৯৮৬–১৯৮৭: ৰকফেলাৰ স্কলাৰ-ইন-ৰেছিডেন্স, ৯২তম ষ্ট্ৰীট ৱাই, নিউয়ৰ্ক<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Bloom |editor1-first=Harold |editor2-last=Lehman |editor2-first=David |editor1-link=Harold Bloom |editor2-link=David Lehman |title=The Best of the Best American Poetry 1988-1997 |date=1998 |page=307 |publisher=Scribner Poetry |location=New York |isbn=0-684-84779-5 |chapter=Anne Carson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vsd9jwYZ5HEC&q=The+Best+American+Poetry+1998 |access-date=17 July 2020}}</ref> *২০১২: টৰণ্টো বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা সন্মানীয় ডিগ্ৰী<ref name="U of T honor">{{cite web |last1=Au-Yeung |first1=Gavin |title=Celebrating Fall Convocation 2012 |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/celebrating-fall-convocation-2012 |publisher=University of Toronto |access-date=12 September 2020 |date=12 November 2012 |archive-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203193212/https://www.utoronto.ca/news/celebrating-fall-convocation-2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১৪: ছেইণ্ট এণ্ড্ৰুজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ৰপৰা সন্মানীয় ডিগ্ৰী, ডক্টৰ অৱ লেটাৰ্ছ<ref name="U of St A honour">{{cite web |last1=Sweetman |first1=Rebecca |author-link1=Rebecca Sweetman |title=Laureation address: Anne Carson |url=https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/laureation-address-anne-carson/ |publisher=University of St Andrews |access-date=22 September 2020 |date=1 December 2014 |archive-date=17 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617232125/https://news.st-andrews.ac.uk/archive/laureation-address-anne-carson/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === অন্যান্য === *১৯৯৯: আমেৰিকান একাডেমী অৱ আৰ্টছ এণ্ড ছায়েন্সেছৰ আন্তঃৰাষ্ট্ৰীয় সন্মানীয় সদস্য<ref>{{cite web |title=Member Directory: Ms. Anne Carson |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/anne-carson |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-date=11 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811153751/https://www.amacad.org/person/anne-carson |url-status=live }}</ref> *১৯৯৯: মডাৰ্ণ লাইব্ৰেৰী — বিংশ শতিকাৰ ১০০খন শ্ৰেষ্ঠ অকল্পকাহিনী গ্ৰন্থৰ পাঠক তালিকা — ''ইৰছ দ্য বিটাৰছুইট''<ref name="Modern Library" /> *২০০০: নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছৰ উল্লেখযোগ্য গ্ৰন্থৰবছৰীয়া তালিকা — ''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ''<ref>{{cite news |title=Notable Books |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/03/books/notable-books.html |access-date=2 October 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=3 December 2000 |page=66 |archive-date=17 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117121236/https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/03/books/notable-books.html |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০০৫: অৰ্ডাৰ অৱ কানাডাৰ সদস্য<ref name="Canada MC">{{cite web |title=Order of Canada: Anne Carson, C.M. |url=https://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=10628 |website=Governor General of Canada Archives |access-date=12 September 2020 |date=29 June 2005 |archive-date=19 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619162917/https://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=10628 |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১০: গ্ৰিফিন কবিতা পুৰস্কাৰৰ বিচাৰক<ref name="Griffin 2010">{{cite web |title=Griffin Poetry Prize: 2010 Judges |url=https://www.griffinpoetryprize.com/judges/2010-judges/ |website=The Griffin Trust for Excellence in Poetry |access-date=12 September 2020 |archive-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810052202/http://www.griffinpoetryprize.com/judges/2010-judges/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *২০১১: আমেৰিকান একাডেমী অৱ আৰ্টছ এণ্ড লেটাৰ্ছৰ বিদেশী সন্মানীয় সদস্য<ref>{{cite web |title=Members: Anne Carson |url=https://artsandletters.org/?s=%22Anne+Carson%22&restype=member |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Letters |access-date=14 September 2020 |archive-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818174058/https://artsandletters.org/?s=%22Anne+Carson%22&restype=member |url-status=live }}</ref> == নিৰ্বাচিত গ্ৰন্থপঞ্জী == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} === ৰচনা === *''ইৰছ দ্য বিটাৰছুইট'' (১৯৮৬)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |title=Eros the Bittersweet: An Essay |date=1986 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=9780608027401}}</ref> *''শ্বৰ্ট টকছ'' (১৯৯২)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Short Talks |date=1992 |publisher=Brick Books |location=London, Ontario |isbn=978-1-77131-342-1}}</ref> *''গ্লাছ, আইৰনি এণ্ড গড'' (১৯৯৫)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Glass, Irony, and God |date=1995 |publisher=New Directions |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8112-1302-8}}</ref> *''প্লেইনৱাটাৰ'' (১৯৯৫)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Plainwater: Essays and Poetry |date=1995 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |isbn=0-679-43178-0}}</ref> *''[[অটোবায়'গ্ৰাফী অৱ ৰেড]]'' (১৯৯৮)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Autobiography of Red: A Novel in Verse |date=1998 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |isbn=0-375-40133-4}}</ref> *''ইকনমি অৱ দ্য আনলষ্ট'' (১৯৯৯)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Economy of the Unlost (Reading Simonides of Keos with Paul Celan) |date=1999 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn=0-691-03677-2}}</ref> *''মেন ইন দ্য অফ আৱাৰ্ছ'' (২০০০)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Men in the Off Hours |date=2000 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |isbn=978-0-375-40803-8}}</ref> *''দ্য বিউটি অৱ দ্য হাজবেণ্ড'' (২০০১)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=The Beauty of the Husband: A Fictional Essay in 29 Tangos |date=2001 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |isbn=9780375408045}}</ref> *''ডিক্ৰিয়েচন'' (২০০৫)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Decreation: Poetry, Essays, Opera |date=2005 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |isbn=978-1-4000-4349-1}}</ref> *''নক্স'' (২০১০)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Nox |date=2010 |publisher=New Directions |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8112-1870-2}}</ref> *''এণ্টিগনিক'' (২০১২)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Antigonick (Sophokles) |date=2012 |publisher=New Directions |location=New York |isbn=9780811219570}}</ref> *''ৰেড ডক>'' (২০১৩)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Red Doc> |date=2013 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |isbn=9780307960597}}</ref> *''নেই ৰাদাৰ'' (২০১৩)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Nay Rather |date=2013 |publisher=Sylph Editions (with the Center for Writers and Translators at the American University of Paris); The Cahiers Series, Number 21 |location=London |isbn=978-1-90963103-8}}</ref> *''দ্য আলবাৰ্টিন ৱৰ্কআউট'' (২০১৪)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=The Albertine Workout |date=2014 |publisher=New Directions [Poetry Pamphlet #13] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8112-2317-1}}</ref> *''ফ্ল'ট'' (২০১৬)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Float |date=2016 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |isbn=978-1-101-94684-8}}</ref> *''নৰ্মা জিন বেকাৰ অৱ ট্ৰয়'' (২০১৯)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Norma Jeane Baker of Troy |date=2019 |publisher=Oberon Books |location=London |isbn=9781786827616}}</ref> *''দ্য ট্ৰজান ৱিমেন: এ কমিক'' (২০২১)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |last2=Bruno |first2=Rosanna |author-mask=1 |title=Euripides' The Trojan Women: A Comic |date=2021 |publisher=New Directions |location=New York |isbn=9780811230797}}</ref> *''এইচ অৱ এইচ প্লেবুক'' (২০২১)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=H of H Playbook |date=2021 |publisher=New Directions |location=New York |isbn=9780811231237}}</ref> *''ৰং নৰ্মা'' (২০২৪)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Wrong Norma |date=2024 |publisher=New Directions |location=New York |isbn=9780811230346}}</ref> {{col-break}} === অনুবাদ === *''ইলেক্ট্ৰা'' (২০০১)<ref name="Electra">{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |title=Sophocles, Electra |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford & New York |isbn=0-19-504960-8}}</ref> *''ইফ নট, ৱিণ্টাৰ'' (২০০২)<ref name="Winter">{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=If Not, Winter: Fragments of Sappho |date=2002 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |location=New York |isbn=978-0-375-41067-3}}</ref> *''গ্ৰিফ লেছনছ'' (২০০৬)<ref name="Grief">{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Grief Lessons: Four Plays by Euripides |date=2006 |publisher=The New York Review of Books |location=New York |isbn=1-59017-180-2}}</ref> *''এন অৰেষ্টিয়া'' (২০০৯)<ref name="Oresteia">{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=An Oresteia |date=2009 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |location=New York |isbn=978-0-86547-916-6}}</ref> *''ইফিজেনিয়া এমং দ্য ট'ৰিয়ানছ'' (২০১৪)<ref name="Iphigenia">{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Euripides, Iphigenia Among the Taurians |date=2014 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago & London |isbn=978-0-226-20362-1}}</ref> *''এণ্টিগনী'' (২০১৫)<ref name="Antigone">{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |title=Sophokles, Antigone |date=2015 |publisher=Oberon Books |location=London |isbn=978-1-78319-810-8}}</ref> *''বাকখাই'' (২০১৫)<ref name="Bakkhai">{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=Anne |author-mask=1 |title=Euripides, Bakkhai |date=2015 |publisher=Oberon Books |location=London |isbn=978-1-78319-915-0}}</ref> {{col-end}} == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{Reflist}} == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * {{sister project links|d=Q2633699|s=no|commons=no|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|mw=no|m=no|species=no|wikt=no|position=right}} * {{Nobelprize}} * [https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/anne-carson Poetry Foundation biography] * [https://poets.org/poet/anne-carson Academy of American Poets biography] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240902191227/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/anne-carson ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' biography] * [https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/5420/the-art-of-poetry-no-88-anne-carson ''The Paris Review'' interview] by Will Aitken (2004) * [https://brickmag.com/an-interview-with-anne-carson/ ''Brick'' interview] by Eleanor Wachtel (2012) * [https://www.publicbooks.org/cant-stop-screaming/ Commentary on ''Antigonick''] by Judith Butler (2012) * [https://49thshelf.com/Blog/2021/07/06/The-Chat-with-GG-s-Literature-Award-Winner-Anne-Carson The Chat with GG's Literature Award Winner Anne Carson] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''49th Shelf'' (2021) {{Authority control}} [[শ্ৰেণী:জীৱিত ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কানাডাৰ ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:কবি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:শিক্ষাবিদ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:অনুবাদক]] [[শ্ৰেণী:সাহিত্যৰ ন'বেল বঁটা বিজয়ী]] 8jkzvly68nwop7t1y3dzzjwcp1vbkfu 0 140198 646183 643612 2026-10-20T04:03:15Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox deity | type = সৰনাধৰ্মী | image = | caption = জাহেৰ আয়ো | day = | mantra = জোহাৰ জাহেৰ আয়ো, হিৰলা জাহেৰ আয়ো ([[চাঁওতালি ভাষা|চাঁওতালি]]) | affiliation = [[সৰনা ধৰ্ম]]<br/>[[সাৰি ধৰ্ম]] | deity_of = সৃষ্টি আৰু জীৱনৰ দেৱী | weapon = কাঁচি | symbols = | children = | abode = জাহেৰথান | mount = | festivals = [[সৰহুল]], [[বাহা পৰৱ]], [[চহৰাই পৰৱ]], মাগে | other_names = ᱡᱟᱦᱮৰ ᱟᱭᱳ | member_of = | consort = [[মাৰাং বুৰু]] }} '''জাহেৰ আয়ো''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Jaher Ayo; [[চাঁওতালি]]: ᱡᱟᱦᱮৰ ᱟᱭᱳ) বা '''জাহেৰা মাই''' হৈছে [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] আৰু [[নেপাল]]ৰ থলুৱা [[চাঁওতাল জনগোষ্ঠী|চাঁওতাল]] আদিবাসীসকলৰ [[সৰনা ধৰ্ম]] আৰু সাৰি ধৰ্মৰ উৎপাদনশীলতা, সমৃদ্ধিৰ সৰ্বোচ্চ দেৱী তথা মানৱজাতিৰ ত্ৰাণকৰ্তা। তেওঁ সৰ্বোচ্চ দেৱতা [[মাৰাং বুৰু]]ৰ সহধৰ্মিণী বা প্ৰিয়তমা। আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত, [[চাঁওতালি ভাষা|চাঁওতালি ভাষাত]] 'জাহেৰ আয়ো' অৰ্থ হৈছে "জীৱনৰ মাতৃ।" == ধৰ্মগ্ৰন্থসমূহ == জাহেৰ আয়োৰ বিষয়ে বিশদ বিৱৰণ কানহাইলাল টুডুৰ 'জমচিম বিন্তি',<ref>[https://www.biblio.com/book/jomsim-binti-tudu-kanhai-lal/d/304148351 Jomsim Binti]</ref> 'কাৰাম বিন্তি',<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/40458237 Karam Binti]</ref><ref>[https://www.abebooks.com/Karam-Binti-Tudu-Kanhal-Lal-Ashaperej/2453812202/bd Karam Binti]</ref> ধীৰেন্দ্ৰনাথ বাস্কিৰদ্বাৰা সংকলিত 'কাৰাম বিন্তি',<ref>{{Cite web |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531183643/http://libnet.vidyasagar.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=47774 |archivedate=2024-05-31 |title=Karam Binti |url=http://libnet.vidyasagar.ac.in/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=47774 |access-date=2026-10-08 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> আৰু 'খেৰৱাল বংশ ধৰম পুথি' আদি গ্ৰন্থত পোৱা যায়। == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:চাঁওতাল]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দেৱ-দেৱী]] opw867hhonlzp75wiq3falm68n7do0n 0 140261 646071 644407 2026-10-19T16:59:48Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''অজ্ঞেয়বাদ''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: '''Agnosticism''') হৈছে এক দাৰ্শনিক দৃষ্টিভংগী, যাৰ মতে [[ঈশ্বৰ]] বা কোনো পৰমসত্তাৰ অস্তিত্ব বা অনস্তিত্ব সম্পৰ্কে মানুহে নিশ্চিত জ্ঞান লাভ কৰিব পাৰেনে নাই, সেয়া প্ৰশ্নসাপেক্ষ। অজ্ঞেয়বাদৰ কিছুমান সংজ্ঞা অনুসৰি, ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্ব বা অনস্তিত্ব মানুহৰ বাবে অজ্ঞাত; আন কিছুমান সংজ্ঞা অনুসৰি, এই বিষয়ে নিশ্চিত জ্ঞান লাভ কৰাটো মানুহৰ বাবে সম্ভৱ নহয়।<ref name="Hepburn">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Hepburn |first=Ronald W. |title=Agnosticism |editor-last=Borchert |editor-first=Donald M. |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Philosophy |volume=1 |publisher=MacMillan Reference USA (Gale) |edition=2nd |year=2005 |orig-year=1967 |page=92 |isbn=0-02-865780-2}}</ref><ref name="RoweRoutledge">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Rowe |first=William L. |author-link=William L. Rowe |title=Agnosticism |encyclopedia=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |editor-first=Edward |editor-last=Craig |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-07310-3 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=VQ-GhVWTH84C&pg=PA122&dq=agnosticism+routledge}}</ref><ref>{{cite dictionary |dictionary=OED Online |title=Agnostic, agnosticism |edition=3rd |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=September 2012}}</ref> [[দৰ্শন]]ৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত অজ্ঞেয়বাদে ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্বৰ সপক্ষে বা বিপক্ষে চূড়ান্ত সিদ্ধান্ত লোৱাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে এই বিষয়ত জ্ঞানৰ সীমাবদ্ধতাক গুৰুত্ব দিয়ে। ই কেৱল ধৰ্মতত্ত্বৰ মাজতে সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়; আন বিষয়তো যেতিয়া কোনো দাবীৰ সত্যতা নিৰ্ণয় কৰিবলৈ পৰ্যাপ্ত প্ৰমাণ উপলব্ধ নহয়, তেতিয়া অজ্ঞেয়বাদী দৃষ্টিভংগী গ্ৰহণ কৰিব পাৰি। অজ্ঞেয়বাদক সাধাৰণতে ঈশ্বৰবাদ আৰু [[নাস্তিকতাবাদ]]ৰ সৈতে তুলনা কৰা হয়। ঈশ্বৰবাদে ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্বত বিশ্বাস প্ৰকাশ কৰে, আনহাতে নাস্তিকতাবাদে ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্বত বিশ্বাসৰ অভাৱ বা ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্বৰ প্ৰতি অবিশ্বাস প্ৰকাশ কৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="RoweRoutledge"/> অজ্ঞেয়বাদৰ মূল প্ৰশ্নটো অৱশ্যে বিশ্বাসতকৈ জ্ঞানৰ সৈতে অধিক সম্পৰ্কিত। সেইবাবে, কোনো ব্যক্তিয়ে ঈশ্বৰত বিশ্বাস নকৰিলেও তেওঁৰ অৱস্থান জ্ঞানৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত অজ্ঞেয়বাদী হ'ব পাৰে। একেদৰে, কোনো ব্যক্তিয়ে ঈশ্বৰত বিশ্বাস কৰিও ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্ব সম্পৰ্কে নিশ্চিত জ্ঞান লাভ কৰাটো অসম্ভৱ বুলি ভাবিব পাৰে। প্ৰথম অৱস্থাটোক প্ৰায়ে অজ্ঞেয়বাদী নাস্তিকতাবাদ আৰু দ্বিতীয়টোক অজ্ঞেয়বাদী ঈশ্বৰবাদ বুলি কোৱা হয়। অজ্ঞেয়বাদক কেতিয়াবা ঈশ্বৰবাদ আৰু নাস্তিকতাবাদৰ মাজৰ এক মধ্যম অৱস্থান হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰা হয়। অৱশ্যে সকলো অজ্ঞেয়বাদীয়ে নিজকে এই দুয়োটাৰ মাজত অৱস্থান কৰা বুলি নাভাবে। কিছুমানৰ মতে, ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্ব সম্পৰ্কে সিদ্ধান্ত ল'বলৈ পৰ্যাপ্ত প্ৰমাণ নাই; আন কিছুমানে আকৌ দাবী কৰে যে ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্ব বা অনস্তিত্ব সম্পৰ্কে নিশ্চিত জ্ঞান লাভ কৰাটো মানুহৰ সামৰ্থ্যৰ বাহিৰত। এই দৃষ্টিভংগী সন্দেহবাদ আৰু ভ্ৰমণীয়তাবাদৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কিত। ভ্ৰমণীয়তাবাদ অনুসৰি, মানুহৰ বিশ্বাস আৰু জ্ঞানৰ দাবীসমূহ ভুল হ'ব পাৰে আৰু সেইবোৰ সংশোধনৰ প্ৰয়োজন হ'ব পাৰে। অজ্ঞেয়বাদৰ সমৰ্থকসকলে সাধাৰণতে যুক্তি দিয়ে যে ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্বৰ সপক্ষে বা বিপক্ষে দিয়া প্ৰমাণসমূহ চূড়ান্ত সিদ্ধান্তত উপনীত হ'বলৈ যথেষ্ট নহয়। তেওঁলোকৰ মতে, পৰ্যাপ্ত প্ৰমাণ নথকা অৱস্থাত বিচাৰ স্থগিত ৰখাটো বৌদ্ধিক নম্ৰতাৰ পৰিচায়ক। আনহাতে, সমালোচকসকলৰ একাংশই ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্বৰ সপক্ষে বা বিপক্ষে নিৰ্ণায়ক যুক্তি আছে বুলি দাবী কৰে। আন একাংশৰ মতে, ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্বৰ সপক্ষে পৰ্যাপ্ত প্ৰমাণৰ অভাৱত অবিশ্বাসক প্ৰাথমিক অৱস্থান হিচাপে গ্ৰহণ কৰাটো যুক্তিসংগত। অজ্ঞেয়বাদক কেতিয়াবা ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ জীৱনশৈলীৰ সৈতে জড়িত কৰা হয়। ব্যৱহাৰিক জীৱনত কিছুমান অজ্ঞেয়বাদীৰ আচৰণ নাস্তিকসকলৰ সৈতে মিল থাকিব পাৰে, কিন্তু অজ্ঞেয়বাদে নিজে কোনো ধৰ্মীয় আচাৰ-অনুষ্ঠান বা ধৰ্মীয় বিশ্বাস সম্পূৰ্ণৰূপে বৰ্জন কৰাৰ দাবী নকৰে। ইয়াৰ মূল বৈশিষ্ট্য হৈছে ঈশ্বৰ বা পৰমসত্তাৰ অস্তিত্ব সম্পৰ্কে জ্ঞানৰ সীমাবদ্ধতা স্বীকাৰ কৰা। == ইতিহাস == 'অজ্ঞেয়বাদ' (agnosticism) শব্দটো ঊনবিংশ শতিকাত ইংৰাজ জীৱবিজ্ঞানী আৰু চিন্তাবিদ থমাছ হেনৰী হাক্সলীয়ে প্ৰচলন কৰিছিল। ১৮৬৯ চনত তেওঁ এই শব্দটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰি এনে এক দৃষ্টিভংগী প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল, য'ত পৰ্যাপ্ত প্ৰমাণ অবিহনে ধৰ্মতাত্ত্বিক আৰু আধ্যাত্মিক বিষয়ত নিশ্চিত সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰহণ কৰাক প্ৰত্যাখ্যান কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite dictionary |dictionary=OED Online |title=Agnostic, agnosticism |edition=3rd |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=September 2012}}</ref> অৱশ্যে অজ্ঞেয়বাদৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কিত চিন্তাধাৰা হাক্সলীৰ বহু আগৰে পৰাই বিভিন্ন দাৰ্শনিক পৰম্পৰাত দেখা যায়। প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক দৰ্শন আৰু ভাৰতীয় দৰ্শনত ঈশ্বৰ, পৰলোক আৰু বিশ্বব্ৰহ্মাণ্ডৰ উৎপত্তি সম্পৰ্কে অনিশ্চয়তা প্ৰকাশ কৰা কিছুমান ধাৰণা পোৱা যায়। প্ৰাচীন ভাৰতীয় দাৰ্শনিক সঞ্জয় বেলট্ঠিপুত্তক পৰলোক সম্পৰ্কে অনিৰ্ণায়ক বা সন্দেহবাদী দৃষ্টিভংগী প্ৰকাশ কৰা চিন্তাবিদসকলৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম বুলি গণ্য কৰা হয়। তেওঁৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কিত ধাৰণাসমূহ [[পালি]] বৌদ্ধ সাহিত্যৰ ''সামঞ্ঞফল সুত্ত''ত পোৱা যায়। এই গ্ৰন্থত মৃত্যুৰ পিছত আন এখন জগতৰ অস্তিত্ব সম্পৰ্কে প্ৰশ্ন কৰা হ'লে নিশ্চিত উত্তৰ দিবলৈ অস্বীকাৰ কৰা এক অৱস্থান বৰ্ণনা কৰা হৈছে।<ref>{{cite web |title=Samaññaphala Sutta: The Fruits of the Contemplative Life |translator=Thanissaro Bhikkhu |website=Access to Insight |year=1997 |url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.02.0.than.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511131158/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.02.0.than.html |archive-date=11 May 2017 |url-status=dead |access-date=11 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Bhaskar 1972">Bhaskar (1972).</ref><ref name="Ridgeon2003">{{cite book |last=Ridgeon |first=Lloyd |title=Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present |publisher=Taylor & Francis |date=13 March 2003 |pages=63– |isbn=978-0-203-42313-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AubFD0B-a7AC&pg=PA63}}</ref> প্ৰাচীন গ্ৰীক দাৰ্শনিক [[পাইথাগোৰাছ]]ৰ চিন্তাধাৰাতো ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্ব সম্পৰ্কে অনিশ্চয়তা প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল। তেওঁৰ ঈশ্বৰ সম্পৰ্কীয় এখন ৰচনাৰ আৰম্ভণিতে দেৱতাসকলৰ অস্তিত্ব বা অনস্তিত্ব আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ স্বৰূপ সম্পৰ্কে নিশ্চিত জ্ঞান লাভ কৰিব নোৱাৰাৰ কথা উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছিল। বিষয়টোৰ জটিলতা আৰু মানুহৰ জীৱনৰ সীমিত সময়ক তেওঁ জ্ঞান লাভৰ বাধা হিচাপে বিবেচনা কৰিছিল।<ref name="Protagoras">{{cite web |title=Protagoras (c. 490–c. 420 BCE) |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/protagor/ |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6N5BAlO9r?url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/protagor/ |archive-date=2 February 2014 |access-date=22 July 2013}}</ref> ভাৰতীয় ধৰ্মীয় আৰু দাৰ্শনিক সাহিত্যৰ [[ঋগ্বেদ]]ৰ ''নাসদীয় সূক্ত''তো বিশ্বব্ৰহ্মাণ্ডৰ সৃষ্টিৰ উৎস আৰু সৃষ্টিকৰ্তাৰ জ্ঞান সম্পৰ্কে প্ৰশ্ন উত্থাপন কৰা হৈছে। সূক্তটোৰ শেষৰ অংশত বিশ্বব্ৰহ্মাণ্ডৰ সৃষ্টি কেনেকৈ হৈছিল আৰু ইয়াৰ চূড়ান্ত সত্য কোনে জানে, সেই বিষয়ে অনিশ্চয়তা প্ৰকাশ কৰা হৈছে। এই কাৰণে কিছুমান লেখকে ইয়াক অজ্ঞেয়বাদী চিন্তাৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কিত বুলি ব্যাখ্যা কৰিছে।<ref name="patri">{{cite web |last1=Patri |first1=Umesh |last2=Devi |first2=Prativa |title=Progress of Atheism in India: A Historical Perspective |website=Atheist Centre 1940–1990 Golden Jubilee |date=February 1990 |url=http://www.positiveatheism.org/india/s1990a22.htm |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Qh9396tk?url=http://www.positiveatheism.org/india/s1990a22.htm# |archive-date=29 June 2014 |url-status=dead |access-date=29 June 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925145643/http://www.positiveatheism.org/india/s1990a22.htm |archivedate=25 September 2013 |deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name="Treharne2012">{{cite book |last=Treharne |first=Trevor |title=How to Prove God Does Not Exist: The Complete Guide to Validating Atheism |publisher=Universal-Publishers |year=2012 |pages=34 ff. |isbn=978-1-61233-118-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JtOzmf_5zLcC&pg=PA34}}</ref><ref name="Schwab2012">{{cite book |last=Schwab |first=Helmut |title=Essential Writings: A Journey Through Time: A Modern "De Rerum Natura" |publisher=iUniverse |date=10 December 2012 |pages=77 ff. |isbn=978-1-4759-6026-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8aIKEESkEqoC&pg=PT77}}</ref> == জীৱনশৈলী আৰু প্ৰভাৱ == কোনবোৰ জীৱনশৈলী অজ্ঞেয়বাদৰ সৈতে খাপ খায়, সেই বিষয়ে দাৰ্শনিক আৰু সমাজবিজ্ঞানীসকলে আলোচনা কৰে। ই প্ৰায়েই ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ মূল্যবোধ, পাৰ্থিৱ কুশলতা আৰু দৈনন্দিন চিন্তাক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি গঢ়ি উঠা এক অনা-ধৰ্মীয় জীৱনশৈলীৰ সৈতে জড়িত। এই অৰ্থত, অজ্ঞেয়বাদীসকল তাত্ত্বিক স্তৰত নাস্তিকসকলৰ পৰা পৃথক হ'লেও ব্যৱহাৰিক স্তৰত তেওঁলোকৰ সৈতে এক হৈ পৰে: তেওঁলোকে ঈশ্বৰৰ কোনো অস্তিত্ব নাই এনেদৰে কাম কৰিব পাৰে, ধৰ্মীয় পৰম্পৰা আৰু বিশ্বাসভিত্তিক ৰীতি-নীতিসমূহ পৰিহাৰ কৰিব পাৰে। ধৰ্মীয় নৈতিক শিক্ষাসমূহ অনুসৰণ কৰাৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে তেওঁলোকে ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ নৈতিক গাঁথনি গ্ৰহণ কৰিব পাৰে, সহানুভূতিশীল সামাজিক নিয়োজনৰ অভ্যাস কৰিব পাৰে বা সামাজিক সমতাৰ প্ৰসাৰ কৰিব পাৰে; আৰু ঐশ্বৰিক আদেশৰ পৰিৱৰ্তে যুক্তিযুক্ততা বা [[মানৱতাবাদ|মানৱতাবাদী আদৰ্শ]]ৰ দ্বাৰা নৈতিক নীতিসমূহৰ ন্যায্যতা প্ৰতিপন্ন কৰিব পাৰে।<ref>Le Poidevin, 2010, পৃষ্ঠা 97–107; Fallon আৰু Hyman, 2020, পৃষ্ঠা 4–7; Engelhardt, 2006, পৃষ্ঠা 175–177; Chuman, 2000.</ref> অজ্ঞেয়বাদীসকলে অনিশ্চয়তা, উদাৰমনস্কতা আৰু অজ্ঞাতৰ প্ৰতি থকা প্ৰেমক কেন্দ্ৰ কৰি এক অনুসন্ধান-ভিত্তিক দৃষ্টিভংগীও গঢ়ি তুলিব পাৰে। এই দৃষ্টিকোণে ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্বৰ প্ৰশ্নটোক এটা অমীমাংসিত ৰহস্য হিচাপে গণ্য কৰে আৰু ইয়াৰ অনুসন্ধান অব্যাহত ৰাখে, যেনেকৈ এজন ডিটেক্টিভে কোনো এটা মুকলি গোচৰৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত গ্ৰহণযোগ্যতা আৰু সন্দেহ বজায় ৰাখি আগবাঢ়ে। এই ক্ষেত্ৰত, অজ্ঞেয়বাদীয়ে কোনো এটা পক্ষতে প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতিবদ্ধ নোহোৱাকৈ আগ্ৰহী হৈ থাকে আৰু বিভিন্ন সম্ভাৱনাবোৰ সক্ৰিয়ভাৱে বিবেচনা কৰে।<ref>Le Poidevin, 2010, পৃষ্ঠা 103–104; Fallon, 2020, পৃষ্ঠা 83–84, 92–95, 101–103.</ref> অজ্ঞেয়বাদ কিছুমান ধৰ্মীয় জীৱনশৈলীৰ সৈতেও খাপ খাব পাৰে। উদাহৰণস্বৰূপ, এজন অজ্ঞেয়বাদীয়ে তাত্ত্বিক অৰ্থত বিচাৰ স্থগিত ৰাখিও ব্যৱহাৰিক অৰ্থত ধৰ্মত লিপ্ত হ'ব পাৰে। সেই অনুসৰি, তেওঁলোকে কোনো দৃঢ় বিশ্বাস নোহোৱাকৈয়ে কেৱল আশাৰ দ্বাৰা পৰিচালিত হৈ ভক্তিৰ অভ্যাস কৰিব পাৰে, বিশ্বাসভিত্তিক নীতি-নিয়মসমূহ পালন কৰিব পাৰে আৰু ধৰ্মীয় শিক্ষাসমূহ অনুসৰণ কৰিব পাৰে। অজ্ঞেয়বাদৰ এটা সম্পৰ্কীয় ৰূপে বিশ্বাসক গ্ৰহণ কৰে কিন্তু জ্ঞানক অস্বীকাৰ কৰে: এজন অজ্ঞেয়বাদীয়ে ব্যক্তিগত স্তৰত ঈশ্বৰৰ অস্তিত্ব স্বীকাৰ কৰিব পাৰে, কিন্তু একে সময়তে স্বীকাৰ কৰে যে ইয়াক বস্তুনিষ্ঠভাৱে বা নিশ্চিতভাৱে জানিব নোৱাৰি। ঐশ্বৰিক শক্তিক উপলব্ধি কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত মানুহৰ ক্ষমতাৰ বিষয়ে থকা এই সন্দেহক, আচৰণ পৰিচালনা কৰাৰ বাবে প্ৰমাণৰ উৰ্ধলৈ গৈ বিশ্বাসক এক জাপ হিচাপে গুৰুত্ব দিয়াৰ ধাৰণাটোৰ সৈতে একত্ৰিত কৰিব পাৰি। তদুপৰি, অজ্ঞেয়বাদ এনে কিছুমান ধৰ্মীয় পৰম্পৰাৰ সৈতেও সংগতিপূৰ্ণ যিবোৰে ব্যক্তিগত ঈশ্বৰক বিশ্বাস নকৰে, যেনে— [[বৌদ্ধ ধৰ্ম]] আৰু তাও ধৰ্মৰ কিছুমান ধাৰা।<ref>Le Poidevin, 2010, পৃষ্ঠা 97–107; Flew, 2026, “Religious Agnosticism” শীৰ্ষক অংশ; Schellenberg, 2019, পৃষ্ঠা 102, 112–115; Fallon, 2020, পৃষ্ঠা 81–84, 92–95, 101–103; O'Neal, Jones, Schlager আৰু Weisblatt, 2007, “Lead section”.</ref> মানসিক স্তৰত, ধৰ্মীয় ব্যক্তিসকলে নাস্তিক আৰু অজ্ঞেয়বাদীসকলৰ তুলনাত অধিক মানসিক কুশলতাৰ প্ৰতিবেদন দাখিল কৰে, যাৰ ভিতৰত সামগ্ৰিক [[সুখ]] আৰু আত্মসন্মান বৃদ্ধি, আৰু অৱসাদ তথা [[উদ্বেগ]]ৰ নিম্ন স্তৰ অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত। গৱেষকসকলে এই প্ৰভাৱৰ উৎসক লৈ বিতৰ্ক কৰে, উদাহৰণস্বৰূপ— তেওঁলোকে প্ৰশ্ন কৰে যে ই ধৰ্মীয় বিশ্বাসৰ পৰাই উদ্ভৱ হৈছে নে নিয়মীয়া ধৰ্মীয় সমাৱেশৰ সৈতে জড়িত শক্তিশালী সামাজিক সমৰ্থন নেটৱৰ্কৰ পৰা হৈছে। জৰীপসমূহে পুনৰ সূচাইছে যে নাস্তিক আৰু অজ্ঞেয়বাদীসকল বিশ্বাসীসকলতকৈ অধিক চিন্তা-শীল আৰু সমস্যা সমাধান তথা সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰহণৰ বাবে বিশ্লেষণাত্মক চিন্তাৰ ওপৰত অধিক নিৰ্ভৰ কৰে।<ref>Hayward, Krause, Ironson আৰু Hill, 2016, “Abstract”, “Introduction” আৰু “Discussion” অংশ; Pennycook, Ross, Koehler আৰু Fugelsang, 2016, “Introduction” অংশ; Zuckerman, Galen আৰু Pasquale, 2016, পৃষ্ঠা 128–130, 144–145.</ref> গৱেষণাই অজ্ঞেয়বাদী আৰু নাস্তিকসকলৰ মাজত ব্যক্তিত্বৰ বৈশিষ্ট্যৰ প্ৰভেদো সূচাইছে: অজ্ঞেয়বাদীসকল অধিক উদাৰ, প্ৰসামাজিক, আধ্যাত্মিক আৰু চিন্তিত হোৱাৰ প্ৰৱণতা থাকে, আনহাতে নাস্তিকসকল বিশ্লেষণাত্মক যুক্তিৰ প্ৰতি অধিক প্ৰৱণ আৰু তেওঁলোকৰ আৱেগিক সুস্থিৰতা অধিক থাকে।<ref>Karim আৰু Saroglou, 2023, পৃষ্ঠা 118–119; Karim আৰু Saroglou, 2024, পৃষ্ঠা 248–249.</ref> সামাজিক স্তৰত, এটা চিন্তাধাৰা অনুসৰি অজ্ঞেয়বাদে সাংস্কৃতিক সহনশীলতাক উৎসাহিত কৰে, যাৰ ফলত বিভিন্ন ধৰ্মীয় আৰু ধৰ্মনিৰপেক্ষ গোটবোৰে একেলগে শান্তিপূৰ্ণভাৱে বসবাস কৰাত সহায় কৰে। এটা ভিন্ন দৃষ্টিভংগীয়ে অজ্ঞেয়বাদৰ সম্ভাৱ্য নেতিবাচক প্ৰভাৱৰ বিষয়ে সতৰ্ক কৰি দি যুক্তি দিয়ে যে প্ৰতিশ্ৰুতিৰ অভাৱে সিদ্ধান্ত গ্ৰহণ প্ৰক্ৰিয়াক পংগু কৰি তুলিব পাৰে আৰু ইয়াৰ ফলস্বৰূপে নৈতিক অৱক্ষয় ঘটিব পাৰে।<ref>Oppy, 1994, পৃষ্ঠা 164–165; Oppy, 2018, পৃষ্ঠা 50; Le Poidevin, 2010, পৃষ্ঠা 4–5.</ref> কিছুমান ধৰ্মীয় সমাজত, অজ্ঞেয়বাদীসকলে বৈষম্যৰ সন্মুখীন হ'ব পাৰে কিয়নো সমাজৰ আন সদস্যসকলে তেওঁলোকৰ নিৰপেক্ষ দৃষ্টিভংগীক সামাজিক বিচ্যুতি বা নেতিবাচক ব্যক্তিত্বৰ বৈশিষ্ট্যৰ সৈতে সম্পৰ্কিত কৰে।<ref>Oppy, 2018, পৃষ্ঠা 1–3.</ref> বিশ্বজুৰি অজ্ঞেয়বাদৰ প্ৰসাৰৰ বিভিন্ন আনুমানিক হিচাপ আগবঢ়োৱা হৈছে। গৱেষকসকলে নাস্তিক আৰু অজ্ঞেয়বাদীসকলক একক শ্ৰেণীত অন্তৰ্ভুক্ত কৰাৰ প্ৰৱণতা আৰু বহু দেশে নিজৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ ধৰ্মীয় পৰিচয় ব্যৱস্থিতভাৱে ট্ৰেক নকৰাৰ বাবে এই হিচাপ উলিওৱাটো জটিল হৈ পৰে। ২০০৭ চনৰ এটা আনুমানিক হিচাপ অনুসৰি, বিশ্বৰ জনসংখ্যাৰ প্ৰায় ৭% লোক নাস্তিক বা অজ্ঞেয়বাদী, য'ত নাস্তিক আৰু অজ্ঞেয়বাদীৰ সংখ্যা প্ৰায় সমান।<ref>Keysar আৰু Navarro-Rivera, 2013, পৃষ্ঠা 553–554; Fallon আৰু Hyman, 2020, পৃষ্ঠা 2.</ref> অজ্ঞেয়বাদীৰ অনুপাত দেশভেদে ব্যাপকভাৱে ভিন্ন হয়। ২০০৮ চনৰ এক জৰীপ অনুসৰি ভেনিজুৱেলা, চিলি আৰু তুৰস্কত এই হাৰ ১% পৰ্যন্ত কম, আনহাতে জাপান আৰু চুইডেনত ১৯% পৰ্যন্ত বেছি। মহিলাৰ তুলনাত পুৰুষসকলে নিজকে অজ্ঞেয়বাদী বুলি পৰিচয় দিয়াৰ সম্ভাৱনা অধিক।<ref>Keysar আৰু Navarro-Rivera, 2013, পৃষ্ঠা 563–564.</ref> == তথ্যসূত্ৰ == {{reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:দৰ্শন]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ধৰ্ম]] lsu3l0j9x9sckqjxnuk9o1klsdsmzjm 0 140321 646200 645977 2026-10-20T10:40:18Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646200 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Panoramic view of Puthia Temple Complex 1.jpg|thumb|পুথিয়া মন্দিৰ কমপ্লেক্সৰ প্যানোৰামিক দৃশ্য ১]] [[File:Shiva temple at Puthia, Rajshahi.JPG|thumb|শিৱসাগৰ হ্ৰদৰ ওপৰত পুঠিয়াত শিৱ মন্দিৰ। বাওঁফালে ৰথ মন্দিৰ।]] [[File:Puthia Mandirs10.JPG|thumb|right|[[পঞ্চৰত্ন গোবিন্দ মন্দিৰ]]]] '''পুথিয়া মন্দিৰ চৌহদ''' [[বাংলাদেশ]]ৰ [[ৰাজশাহী জিলা]]ৰ [[পুথিয়া উপজিলা]]ত থকা উল্লেখযোগ্য পুৰণি হিন্দু মন্দিৰৰ থুপেৰে গঠিত এটা চৌহদ। ৰাজশাহী চহৰৰপৰা ২৩ কিলোমিটাৰ পূবে অৱস্থিত এই মন্দিৰত বাংলাদেশৰ ভিতৰতে সৰ্বাধিক ঐতিহাসিক মন্দিৰ আছে।<ref name=lp>McAdam, Marika. (2004) [https://books.google.com/books?id=IkQndiJHRyoC&dq=puthiya+temple+bangladesh&pg=PA114 ''Lonely Planet's Bangladesh''.] pp. 114-115.</ref> এই মন্দিৰসমূহ নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল পুথিয়া ৰাজ পৰিয়ালৰ হিন্দু জমিদাৰ ৰজসকলে, যিসকল ৰাজশাহীৰ বিখ্যাত দানবীৰ আছিল। মন্দিৰসমূহ সাধাৰণ [[জোৰ-বাংলা শৈলী]]ৰ স্থাপত্যৰ অন্যান্য প্ৰভাৱৰ সৈতে সংযুক্ত কৰি বিভিন্ন শৈলীত টেৰাকোটাত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছে। ৰাজবাৰী বা পুথিয়াৰ ৰজাৰ ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ আৰু দোল মাঞ্চা এই কমপ্লেক্সৰ অংশ।<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Fakir |first=Adnan M. S. |date=22 December 2005 |title=Just tavel Bangladesh for once and stop complaingn |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/rising/2005/12/04/index.htm |magazine=Rising Stars |publisher=The Daily Star}}</ref> শ্যামসাগৰ নামৰ এটা হ্ৰদৰ চাৰিওফালে মন্দিৰসমূহ বিস্তৃত হৈ আছে আৰু এই চৌহদটোৰ চাৰিওফালে শিৱসাগৰ নামৰ এটা খাদ আছে।<ref name="Rangan">{{cite news |last1=Datta |first1=Rangan |title=Explore the grandeur of Puthia, a temple town of Bangladesh |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/explore-the-grandeur-of-puthia-a-temple-town-of-bangladesh/cid/2027632 |access-date=20 June 2024 |agency=My Kolkata |issue=17 June 2024 |publisher=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Behan |first=Rosemary |date=17 January 2009 |title=Dhaka Calling |url=http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090117/TRAVEL/561365769/1259/LIFE |work=The National |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120082131/http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090117/TRAVEL/561365769/1259/LIFE |archive-date=20 January 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203530/http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090117/TRAVEL/561365769/1259/LIFE |archivedate=3 March 2016 |access-date=15 October 2026 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> ষোড়শ শতিকাত বাস কৰা বৎসাচাৰ্য নামৰ এজন পৱিত্ৰ ব্যক্তিয়ে পুথিয়া ৰাজ পৰিয়ালটো প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল। মোগল সম্ৰাট [[আকবৰ]]ৰ মন্ত্ৰী ৰাজা মান সিংহই ৰাজশাহীৰ লস্কৰ খান নামৰ অবাধ্য পাঠান জাগীৰদাৰ জাগীৰক জব্দ কৰি তেওঁৰ শিক্ষাৰ বাবে সাধু বৎসাচাৰ্যক জমিদাৰী প্ৰদান কৰে, কিন্তু তেওঁ অস্বীকাৰ কৰে। কিন্তু তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ পীতাম্বৰক লস্কৰপুৰ বাগিছাখন স্থায়ীভাৱে মঞ্জুৰ কৰা হয়। তেওঁৰ মৃত্যুৰ লগে লগে তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ নীলাম্বৰে সম্ৰাট [[জাহাংগীৰ]]ৰপৰা ৰাজ উপাধি লাভ কৰে।<ref name="Rangan"/> পুথিয়া ৰাজ পৰিয়ালৰ বাগিছাখন আছিল ব্ৰিটিছ বংগৰ দ্বিতীয় বৃহত্তম জমিদাৰী আৰু আটাইতকৈ ধনী। ভাৰত বিভাজনৰ পিছত তেতিয়াৰ পাকিস্তান চৰকাৰে জমিদাৰী ব্যৱস্থা বিলুপ্ত কৰি হিন্দুৰ সকলো সম্পত্তি জব্দ কৰে। ইয়াৰ কিছুসময়ৰ পাছতে ৰজাঘৰীয়া পৰিয়াল ভাৰতলৈ প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰে। ==পঞ্চৰত্ন গোবিন্দ মন্দিৰ== পুথিয়াৰ বিখ্যাত মন্দিৰ, [[পঞ্চৰত্ন গোবিন্দ মন্দিৰ]] ঊনবিংশ শতিকাৰ মাজভাগত পুথিয়াৰ ৰাণীয়ে স্থাপন কৰিছিল। ইয়াক ''বড়ো গোবিন্দো মন্দিৰ'' বুলিও কোৱা হয়। এই মন্দিৰটোৱে [[ৰত্ন শিল্পৰীতি|পঞ্চৰত্ন শৈলী]]ৰ স্থাপত্য অনুসৰণ কৰে।<ref name="Rangan"/> পুথিয়া ৰাজ পৰিয়ালক [[ৰাধামোহন ঠাকুৰা]]ই বৈষ্ণৱ ধৰ্মলৈ ৰূপান্তৰিত কৰাৰ বাবে এই মন্দিৰটো ভগৱান [[কৃষ্ণ | শ্ৰীকৃষ্ণ]]ৰ নামত উছৰ্গা কৰিছে। মন্দিৰটোত [[কৃষ্ণ]] আৰু [[ৰাধা]]ৰ মাজৰ ঐশ্বৰিক ৰোমাঞ্চক চিত্ৰিত কৰা সুন্দৰ টেৰাকোটা অলংকাৰ দেখা যায়। মন্দিৰৰ ওচৰতে নতুনকৈ স্থাপন কৰা মহাবিদ্যালয়খনৰ বাবে আৰু সংৰক্ষণৰ প্ৰচেষ্টাৰ অভাৱৰ বাবে মন্দিৰৰ অস্তিত্বৰ প্ৰতি ভাবুকি আহি পৰিছে। ১৮২৩ চনৰপৰা ১৮৯৫ চনৰ ভিতৰত মন্দিৰটো নিৰ্মাণ কৰা হৈছিল।<ref>[http://www.bangladeshnews.com.bd/2008/04/05/ancient-temples-in-puthia-falling-apart-for-lack-of-care/ Bangladesh News] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505015043/http://www.bangladeshnews.com.bd/2008/04/05/ancient-temples-in-puthia-falling-apart-for-lack-of-care/ |date=2009-05-05 }}</ref> ==ভুৱনেশ্বৰ শিৱ মন্দিৰ== [[ভুৱনেশ্বৰ শিৱ মন্দিৰ]] বা বড়ো শিৱ মন্দিৰ বা পঞ্চৰত্ন শিৱ মন্দিৰ বাংলাদেশৰ আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ শিৱ মন্দিৰ। ৰাজা জগত নাৰায়ণ ৰায়ৰ বিধৱা ৰাণী ভূবনময়ী দেৱীয়ে ১৮২৩ চনত নিৰ্মাণ কৰা এইটো শিৱসাগৰ হ্ৰদৰ পাৰতে নিৰ্মিত হৈছে। এই অলংকৃত মন্দিৰটো পূব ভাৰতত সাধাৰণ পাঁচটা শিখৰ শৈলী ([[ৰত্ন শিল্পৰীতি]]) মন্দিৰৰ স্থাপত্যৰ এক আকৰ্ষণীয় আৰু উৎকৃষ্ট উদাহৰণ। পাঁচটা শিখৰৰ প্ৰতিটোতে কেইবাটাও উপ শিখৰ থাকে। কোণৰ প্ৰতিটো শিখৰ ১৭টা সৰু শিখৰেৰে গঠিত, আনহাতে ডাঙৰ কেন্দ্ৰীয় শিখৰত মুঠ ১০৮টা উপ-শিখৰ থাকে।<ref name="Rangan"/> কৰিডৰবোৰত জয়পুৰী স্থাপত্যৰ স্পৰ্শ আছে আৰু পৱিত্ৰ সংৰক্ষিত অঞ্চলটোত, দেশৰ ভিতৰতে আটাইতকৈ ডাঙৰ এটা অতি বৃহৎ ক’লা বেছাল্ট শিৱ লিংগ নিহিত হৈ আছে। ১৯৭১ চনত [[বাংলাদেশ মুক্তি যুদ্ধ]]ৰ সময়ত শিলৰ খোদিত আৰু ভাস্কৰ্য্য শিল্পকৰ্মসমূহ বিক্ষিপ্ত কৰা হৈছে। আগ্ৰাসী পাকিস্তানী সৈন্যই শিৱলিংগক স্থানচ্যুত কৰি ভাঙিবলৈ চেষ্টা কৰিছিল যদিও স্থানৰপৰা আঁতৰাই নিব পৰা নাছিল। মন্দিৰটো বৰ্তমান এক সংৰক্ষিত স্মৃতিসৌধ।<ref name=lp/><ref name="Sneha">{{cite news |last1=Bhura |first1=Sneha |title=Bangladesh's beautiful terracotta temples find unlikely saviours |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/bangladeshs-beautiful-terracotta-temples-find-unlikely-saviours/articleshow/112436225.cms?fbclid=IwY2xjawEz2KdleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHdYKaP2eDvXWE0LMjn330NedcMCcnbRfB1UCknC-3kOEpUub73vV2wMxbA_aem_VkbvRszko-9yhDii_sKHMg |access-date=22 August 2024 |agency=Times of India |date=11 August 2024}}</ref> ==জগন্নাথ মন্দিৰ== জগন্নাথ মন্দিৰ (ৰথ মন্দিৰ বুলিও জনা যায়) কৃষ্ণৰ এক ৰূপ জগন্নাথৰ প্ৰতি উৎসৰ্গিত। ভুৱনেশ্বৰ শিৱ মন্দিৰৰ কাষতে অৱস্থিত। ই দুমহলীয়া অষ্টভুজ গঠন।<ref>[http://www.chattagramsamity.co.uk/know_bangladesh2008.htm Know Bangladesh]</ref><ref name="Rangan"/> ==ছোটা আহ্নিক মন্দিৰ== [[ছোটা আহ্নিক মন্দিৰ]] পুথিয়া মন্দিৰ কমপ্লেক্সৰ এটা সৰু হিন্দু মন্দিৰ। ই [[চালা শিল্পশৈলী|ডো চালা শৈলী]] অনুসৰণ কৰে আৰু পঞ্চৰত্ন গোবিন্দ মন্দিৰৰ ওচৰত অৱস্থিত।<ref name="Rangan"/> ==চৌচালা ছোটা গোবিন্দ মন্দিৰ== [[চৌচালা ছোটা গোবিন্দ মন্দিৰ]] যাক ''ছোটো গোবিন্দো মন্দিৰ'' বুলিও কোৱা হয় পুথিয়া চৌহদৰ এটা হিন্দু মন্দিৰ। ই [[চালা শিল্পশৈলী|চাৰ চালা শৈলী]]ৰ স্থাপত্য অনুসৰণ কৰে। এই মন্দিৰটো ১৭৯০-১৮০০ চনৰ বুলি ধাৰণা কৰা হয়। দক্ষিণৰ সন্মুখভাগ [[টেৰাকোটা]]ৰ ফলকেৰে বিস্তৃতভাৱে সজাই তোলা হৈছে, য'ত বিষ্ণুৰ দহটা অৱতাৰ, লংকাণ্ড মহাকাব্য ৰামায়ণ কিংবদন্তিৰ এটা অধ্যায়, ৰাধা-কৃষ্ণ মহাকাব্য কাহিনী, ফুলৰ ডিজাইন আৰু জ্যামিতিক শিল্প আৰু সেই সময়ৰ নাগৰিক জীৱনৰ দৃশ্যসমূহ চিত্ৰিত কৰা হৈছে।<ref name="Rangan"/> ==বড়া অহ্নিক মন্দিৰ== [[বড়া আহ্নিক মন্দিৰ]] (Big Anhik Temple) পুথিয়া মন্দিৰ কমপ্লেক্সৰ এটা হিন্দু মন্দিৰ। ই কমপ্লেক্সৰ পশ্চিম দিশত চৌচালা ছোটা গোবিন্দ মন্দিৰৰ কাষতে থিয় হৈ পূব দিশলৈ মুখ কৰি আছে। ইয়াক পুথিয়াৰ ৰজাসকলে নিৰ্মাণ কৰিছিল। ই বংগ মন্দিৰৰ স্থাপত্যৰ মিশ্ৰিত ৰূপ অনুসৰণ কৰে আৰু ইয়াৰ দুয়োকাষে দুটা চৰ চালা গঠনৰ কাষে কাষে কেন্দ্ৰীয় ডো চালা থাকে।<ref name="Rangan"/> বাংলাদেশৰ একেধৰণৰ স্থাপত্য অনুসৰণ কৰা আন একমাত্ৰ মন্দিৰটো হ’ল ফৰিদপুৰ জিলাৰ ৰাজাৰাম মন্দিৰ। ==ছোটো শিৱ মন্দিৰ== এই সৰু শিৱ মন্দিৰটো পুথিয়া ৰাজবাৰীৰ পিছফালে অৱস্থিত। [[চালা শিল্পশৈলী|চাৰ চালা শৈলী]]ৰ স্থাপত্য অনুসৰণ কৰি এটা সৰু মন্দিৰ। সন্মুখৰ মুখখনত জটিল টেৰাকোটা অলংকাৰ আছে।<ref name="Rangan"/> ==চিত্ৰভাণ্ডাৰ== <gallery> File:Shiva_Temple,_Puthia,_Rajshahi_NK_(2).jpg|শিৱ মন্দিৰ File:Bara Ahnik Mandir at Puthia.JPG|পুথিয়াৰ [[বড়া আহ্নিক মন্দিৰ]] File:Palace at Puthia, Rajshahi.JPG| [[পুথিয়া ৰাজবাৰী]] File:Dol Mandir at Puthia.JPG|পুথিয়াৰ [[দৌল মন্দিৰ]] File:Chota Shiva Temple, Puthia.jpg|ছোট শিৱ মন্দিৰ File:Terracotta work at puthiya govinda temple, rajshahi.jpg|গোবিন্দ মন্দিৰত টেৰাকোটা কৰ্ম File:Massive terracitta work at govinda mandir of puthia.jpg|ৰাজশাহীৰ পুথিয়াৰ গোবিন্দ মন্দিৰত বিশাল আৰু বিশদ টেৰাকোটাৰ কাম </gallery> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:হিন্দুধৰ্মৰ মঠ-মন্দিৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ঐতিহাসিক কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন]] [[শ্ৰেণী:মন্দিৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজশাহী]] i7auvl9484rb7sga55jj5rk9xqupjs1 0 140345 646195 645731 2026-10-20T08:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Italic title}}[[File:Kevin-Carter-Child-Vulture-Sudan.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ]]ৰ [[পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা]] বিজয়ী আলোকচিত্ৰ, য’ত এজন ভোকাতুৰ [[চুদান]]ী ল’ৰা আৰু পিছফালে খাপ পিটি থকা এটা শগুন দেখা গৈছে]] '''''দ্য ভলচাৰ এণ্ড দ্য লিটল গাৰ্ল''''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: The Vulture and the Little Girl; অসমীয়া অৰ্থ: শগুন আৰু সৰু ছোৱালীজনী), যাক '''''দ্য ষ্ট্ৰাগলিং গাৰ্ল''''' নামেৰেও জনা যায়, হৈছে [[কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ]]ৰ দ্বাৰা তোলা এখন বিখ্যাত আলোকচিত্ৰ। এই চিত্ৰখনি প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ১৯৯৩ চনৰ ২৬ মাৰ্চত ''দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছ'' কাকতত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল। আলোকচিত্ৰখনত এগৰাকী দুৰ্বল তথা দুৰ্ভিক্ষ-পীড়িত শিশুক মাটিত বাগৰি পৰা অৱস্থাত দেখা গৈছে, যাক ২০১১ চনলৈকে ভুলবশতঃ এগৰাকী ছোৱালী বুলি বিশ্বাস কৰা হৈছিল।<ref name="Kong Nyong">{{cite news|title=Kong Nyong, el niño que sobrevivió al buitre|trans-title=Kong Nyong, The Boy Who Survived the Vulture|first=Alberto|last= Rojas|date=21 February 2011|access-date=17 October 2026|url=http://elmundo.es|work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]| language=Spanish|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170630053614/http://elmundo.es| url-status=live}}</ref> শিশুটিৰ ঠিক পিছফালে এটা হুদু শগুনে খাপ পিটি থকা দেখা গৈছে। ১৯৯৩ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত [[চুদান]] (বৰ্তমানৰ দক্ষিণ চুদান)ৰ আয়োদত [[ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘ]]ৰ এটা খাদ্য কেন্দ্ৰৰ পৰা প্ৰায় আধা মাইল দূৰত থকা অৱস্থাত শিশুটিয়ে তাত উপনীত হ’বলৈ চেষ্টা কৰাৰ সময়তে এই ছবিখন তোলা হৈছিল। তথ্য অনুসৰি শিশুটি এই ঘটনাৰ পৰা ৰক্ষা পৰিছিল। এই ছবিখনে ১৯৯৪ চনত [[পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা|ফিচাৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ বাবে পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা]] লাভ কৰিবলৈ সক্ষম হৈছিল। আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী কাৰ্টাৰে এই বঁটা লাভ কৰাৰ চাৰি মাহ পিছত আত্মহত্যা কৰে। == পটভূমি == ১৯৯০ চনৰ প্ৰথম ভাগত সাহায্য সংস্থাসমূহে দক্ষিণ চুদানিজ সম্প্ৰদায়ৰ কংগৰ, আয়োদ আৰু ৱাট অঞ্চলটোক বুজাবলৈ 'হাংগাৰ ট্ৰায়িংগেল' (ভোকৰ ত্ৰিকোণ) নামটো ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিছিল। এই অঞ্চলটো দুৰ্ভিক্ষৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজিবলৈ [[ইউনেস্ক’]] আৰু অন্যান্য সাহায্য সংস্থাৰ ওপৰত নিৰ্ভৰশীল আছিল। ১৯৯৩ চনৰ জানুৱাৰী মাহলৈকে এই অঞ্চলৰ পাঁচ বছৰৰ অনুৰ্ধৰ ৪০ শতাংশ শিশু অপিপুষ্টিত ভুগিছিল আৰু কেৱল আয়োদতে দৈনিক আনুমানিক ১০ ৰ পৰা ১৩ জন প্ৰাপ্তবয়স্ক ব্যক্তিৰ অনাহাৰত মৃত্যু হৈছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/sudan/|first=Jemera|last=Rone|title=Civilisation Devastation: Abuses by All Parties in the War in Southern Sudan|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|date=1993|access-date=17 October 2026|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|archive-date=16 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916140600/https://www.hrw.org/reports/1993/sudan/}}</ref> এই পৰিস্থিতিৰ সন্দৰ্ভত সজাগতা বৃদ্ধিৰ বাবে অপাৰেচন লাইফলাইন চুদানে আলোকচিত্ৰ সাংবাদিক আৰু পূৰ্বে দেশখনত প্ৰৱেশ কৰাত বাধা থকা আন লোকসকলক তাত চলি থকা পৰিস্থিতিৰ প্ৰতিবেদন প্ৰস্তুত কৰিবলৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ জনাইছিল। ১৯৯৩ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত চৰকাৰে সাংবাদিকসকলক ২৪ ঘণ্টা থকাৰ বাবে ভিছা দিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰে। অৱশ্যে দেশৰ ভিতৰত তেওঁলোকৰ ভ্ৰমণৰ ওপৰত তীব্ৰ বাধা-নিষেধ আৰোপ কৰা হৈছিল, যাৰ ভিতৰত সকলো সময়তে চৰকাৰী পৰ্যবেক্ষণত থকাটো বাধ্যতামূলক আছিল।<ref name=NYTimesLoch>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/26/world/sudan-is-described-as-trying-to-placate-the-west.html?pagewanted=all|title=Sudan Is Described as Trying to Placate the West|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Donatella|last=Lorch|date=March 26, 1993|access-date=17 October 2026}}</ref> == ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰ চুদান == === ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ অপাৰেচন লাইফলাইন চুদানৰ আমন্ত্ৰণ === ১৯৯৩ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ অপাৰেচন লাইফলাইন চুদানৰ তদানীন্তন তথ্য বিষয়া তথা প্ৰাক্তন আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী ৰবাৰ্ট হেডলীয়ে জোয়াও ছিলভা আৰু [[কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ]]ক চুদানলৈ আহি দেশখনৰ দক্ষিণ প্ৰান্তৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষৰ প্ৰতিবেদন প্ৰস্তুত কৰিবলৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ জনায়। তেওঁলোকক বিদ্ৰোহীসকলৰ সৈতে দক্ষিণ চুদান ভ্ৰমণ কৰাৰ প্ৰস্তাৱ দিয়া হৈছিল। ছিলভাই ইয়াক ভৱিষ্যতে এজন যুদ্ধকালীন আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী হিচাপে কাম কৰাৰ এক সুযোগ হিচাপে লৈছিল। তেওঁ যাত্ৰাৰ খৰচ উলিওৱাৰ বাবে কিছুমান অৰ্পণ কৰা কাম সুনিশ্চিত কৰি ব্যৱস্থাৱলী আৰম্ভ কৰে। ছিলভাই কাৰ্টাৰক এই প্ৰস্তাৱৰ বিষয়ে জনায় আৰু কাৰ্টাৰেও যাবলৈ আগ্ৰহ প্ৰকাশ কৰে। সতীৰ্থ যুদ্ধকালীন আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী গ্ৰেগ মাৰিনোভিচৰ মতে, কাৰ্টাৰে এই ভ্ৰমণক তেওঁ "আবদ্ধ হৈ পৰা" বুলি অনুভৱ কৰা কিছুমান সমস্যা সমাধানৰ এক সুযোগ হিচাপে দেখিছিল। চুদানত ছবি তোলাটো এজন ফ্ৰীলেঞ্চাৰ হিচাপে উন্নত কেৰিয়াৰ গঢ়াৰ এক সুযোগ আছিল আৰু কাৰ্টাৰ এই ভ্ৰমণক লৈ যথেষ্ট উৎসাহিত আৰু অনুপ্ৰাণিত হৈ পৰিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=109-110}} ভ্ৰমণৰ খৰচ যোগাবলৈ কাৰ্টাৰে অচোচিয়েটেড প্ৰেছ আৰু অন্যান্য উৎসৰ পৰা কিছু ধনৰ ব্যৱস্থা কৰিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=110}} === নাইৰোবিত অপেক্ষা === চুদানলৈ যোৱাৰ পথত ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰ [[নাইৰোবি]]ত ৰৈছিল। চুদানত নতুনকৈ আৰম্ভ হোৱা যুদ্ধৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকে তাত এক অনিৰ্দিষ্ট সময়ৰ বাবে অপেক্ষা কৰিবলগীয়া হয়। অঞ্চলটোৰ বাবে খাদ্য সাহায্য কঢ়িয়াই নিয়া এখন নাও বাৰ্জৰ ছবি তুলিবলৈ কাৰ্টাৰে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ বিমান এখনৰ সহায়ত দক্ষিণ চুদানৰ জুবালৈ এদিনৰ বাবে উৰা মাৰিছিল, কিন্তু অতি সোনকালে পৰিস্থিতি পুনৰ সলনি হ’ল। ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘই এটা বিদ্ৰোহী গোটৰ পৰা আয়োদলৈ খাদ্য সাহায্য বিমানযোগে প্ৰেৰণ কৰাৰ অনুমতি লাভ কৰে। ৰব হেডলীয়ে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ এখন লঘু বিমানত উৰা মৰাৰ প্ৰস্তুতি চলাইছিল আৰু তেওঁ ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰক তেওঁৰ সৈতে আয়োদলৈ যাবলৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ জনায়।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=114}} === আয়োদত === পাছৰ দিনা তেওঁলোকৰ লঘু বিমানখন আয়োদৰ সৰু গাঁওখনত অৱতৰণ কৰে আৰু তাৰ কিছু সময়ৰ পাছতে মালবাহী বিমানখনো তাত নামে। গাঁওখনৰ বাসিন্দা অহালৈ ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সাহায্য কেন্দ্ৰই কিছু সময় ধৰি তদাৰক কৰি আছিল। গ্ৰেগ মাৰিনোভিচ আৰু জোয়াও ছিলভাই তেওঁলোকৰ ''দ্য বেং-বেং ক্লাব'' নামৰ কিতাপখনত ইয়াৰ বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=110–121}} মাৰিনোভিচে লিখিছে যে গাঁৱৰ মানুহবোৰে যিমান পাৰি সোনকালে খাদ্য পাবলৈ ইতিমধ্যে বিমান ঘাটিৰ কাষত অপেক্ষা কৰি আছিল: "খাদ্যৰ বাবে অপেক্ষা কৰা দলটোত যোগ দিয়া মাকসকলে নিজৰ ল’ৰা-ছোৱালীক ওচৰৰে বালিচহীয়া মাটিত এৰি থৈ গৈছিল।"{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=115}} ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰ যুদ্ধৰ ফলত সৃষ্টি হোৱা ভয়াৱহ দুৰ্ভিক্ষৰ চিকাৰ হোৱা জীৱিত আৰু মৃত, শিশু আৰু প্ৰাপ্তবয়স্ক উভয়ৰে ছবি তুলিবলৈ ইজনে সিজনৰ পৰা পৃথক হৈ পৰে। কাৰ্টাৰে কেইবাবাৰো ছিলভাৰ ওচৰলৈ গৈ তেওঁ মাত্ৰ তোলা কিছুমান মৰ্মান্তিক ছবিৰ বিষয়ে কৈছিল। ছিলভাই এনে কিছুমান বিদ্ৰোহী সৈন্যৰ সন্ধান কৰি আছিল যিয়ে তেওঁক কোনো দায়িত্বশীল বিষয়াৰ ওচৰলৈ লৈ যাব পাৰে আৰু যেতিয়া তেওঁ কেইজনমান সৈন্য পালে, কাৰ্টাৰো তেওঁৰ সৈতে যোগ দিলে। সৈন্য কেইজনে ইংৰাজী ক’ব পৰা নাছিল, কিন্তু এজন সৈন্যই কাৰ্টাৰৰ হাতঘড়ীটোৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহ দেখুৱাইছিল। কাৰ্টাৰে তেওঁৰ সুলভ মূল্যৰ হাতঘড়ীটো তেওঁক উপহাৰ হিচাপে দিয়ে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=116}} ইয়াৰ পিছত সৈন্যসকল তেওঁলোকৰ অংগৰক্ষী হৈ পৰে আৰু সুৰক্ষাৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকৰ পিছ লয়।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=152–153}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/201137365|title=Carter and Soldiers|website=www.vimeo.com}}</ref> বিদ্ৰোহীসকলৰ সৈতে এসপ্তাহ থাকিবলৈ তেওঁলোকক এজন বিদ্ৰোহী কমাণ্ডাৰৰ অনুমতিৰ প্ৰয়োজন আছিল। তেওঁলোকৰ বিমানখন এঘণ্টাৰ ভিতৰত প্ৰস্থান কৰাৰ কথা আছিল আৰু থকাৰ অনুমতি নাপালে তেওঁলোকে উৰা মাৰিবলৈ বাধ্য হ’লহেঁতেন। তেওঁলোক পুনৰ পৃথক হ’ল আৰু ছিলভাই ক্লিনিংক কমপ্লেক্সলৈ গৈ বিদ্ৰোহী কমাণ্ডাৰজনৰ কথা সুধিলে। তেওঁ জানিব পাৰিলে যে কমাণ্ডাৰজন দক্ষিণ চুদানৰ কংগৰত আছে। ছিলভাৰ বাবে এইটো ভাল খবৰ আছিল, কিয়নো "তেওঁলোকৰ সৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ বিমানখন ইয়াৰ পিছত তালৈকে যোৱাৰ কথা আছিল"। তেওঁ ক্লিনিক এৰি পুনৰ বিমান ঘাটিলৈ খোজ ল’লে আৰু বাটত শিশু আৰু প্ৰাপ্তবয়স্কৰ ছবি তুলি গ’ল। খোজ কাঢ়ি যাওঁতে তেওঁ প্ৰখৰ ৰ’দত উবুৰি খাই পৰি থকা এটা শিশু দেখা পালে আৰু তাৰ এখন ছবি তুলিলে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=117}} কাৰ্টাৰে বিমান ঘাটিত ছিলভাক লগ পাই ক’লে: "মই এতিয়া কি ছবি তুলিলোঁ তুমি বিশ্বাস কৰিব নোৱাৰিবা!... মই আঁঠু কাঢ়ি থকা এই শিশুটিৰ ছবি তুলি আছিলোঁ, তাৰ পিছত মোৰ কোণটো সলনি কৰিলোঁ আৰু হঠাত দেখিলো তাইৰ ঠিক পিছফালে এই শগুনটো!... আৰু মই কেৱল ছবি তুলিয়েই থাকিলোঁ{{snd}} বহুতো ফিল্ম শেষ কৰিলোঁ!"{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=117}} ছিলভাই তেওঁক ছবিখন ক’ত তুলিলে সুধিলে আৰু নিজেও এখন ছবি তুলিবলৈ চাৰিওফালে চালে। কাৰ্টাৰে ১৬০ ফুট (প্ৰায় ৫০ মিটাৰ) দূৰৈৰ এটা ঠাইলৈ আঙুলিয়াই দিলে। তাৰ পিছত কাৰ্টাৰে ক’লে যে তেওঁ শগুনটোক খেদি পঠিয়াইছে। তেওঁ ছিলভাক ক’লে যে তেওঁ মাত্ৰ তোলা পৰিস্থিতিটোৱে তেওঁক স্তম্ভিত কৰি তুলিছে, "মই এই সকলোবোৰ দেখিছোঁ, আৰু মই কেৱল মোৰ সৰু ছোৱালী মেগানৰ কথাহে ভাবিব পাৰিছোঁ"। কেইমিনিটমানৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে আয়োদ এৰি কংগুৰ অভিমুখে যাত্ৰা কৰে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=118}} ২০১১ চনত শিশুটিৰ পিতৃয়ে প্ৰকাশ কৰে যে শিশুটি আচলতে এজন ল’ৰা আছিল, নাম আছিল কং নিয়ং আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ খাদ্য সাহায্য কেন্দ্ৰই তাৰ তদাৰক কৰিছিল। পৰিয়ালৰ লোকৰ মতে, ২০০৭ চনৰ আশে-পাশে "জ্বৰ"ত আক্ৰান্ত হৈ নিয়ঙৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল।<ref name="Kong Nyong"/> == প্ৰকাশ আৰু জনসাধাৰণৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া == ১৯৯৩ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ''দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছ'' কাকতে চুদানৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষৰ সন্দৰ্ভত ডোনাটেলা লৰ্চৰ এটা প্ৰতিবেদন প্ৰকাশ কৰিবলৈ এখন উপযুক্ত ছবিৰ সন্ধান কৰি আছিল। কাকতৰ বৈদেশিক শাখাৰ ছবি সম্পাদক নেন্সি বুইৰস্কিয়ে মাৰিনোভিচলৈ ফোন কৰিছিল, যিয়ে তেওঁক "বালিত বাগৰি পৰা এজন ভোকাতুৰ শিশুক এটা শগুনে খাপ পিটি থকা এখন ছবি"ৰ বিষয়ে জনাইছিল। কাৰ্টাৰৰ আলোকচিত্ৰখন ১৯৯৩ চনৰ ২৬ মাৰ্চৰ সংস্কৰণত প্ৰকাশ পাইছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=118–119}} ছবিখনৰ কেপচনত আংশিকভাৱে লিখা আছিল: "ভোকত দুৰ্বল হৈ পৰা এগৰাকী সৰু ছোৱালী অলপতে আয়োদৰ এটা খাদ্য কেন্দ্ৰলৈ যোৱা পথত বাগৰি পৰে। ওচৰতে এটা শগুনে অপেক্ষা কৰি আছিল।"<ref name=NYTimesLoch /> ''দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছ''ত এই প্ৰথম প্ৰকাশে "এক আলোড়নৰ সৃষ্টি কৰিছিল", মাৰিনোভিচে এইদৰে লিখিছিল। তেওঁ লগতে কয়, "সাহায্য সংস্থাসমূহৰ বাবে পুঁজি সংগ্ৰহ কৰাৰ উদ্দেশ্যে পোষ্টাৰত এই ছবিখন ব্যৱহাৰ কৰা হৈছিল। সমগ্ৰ বিশ্বৰ কাকত আৰু আলোচনীবোৰে ইয়াক প্ৰকাশ কৰিছিল আৰু জনসাধাৰণৰ তাৎক্ষণিক প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া আছিল চুদানত কৰ্মৰত যিকোনো মানৱীয় সংস্থালৈ ধন প্ৰেৰণ কৰা।"{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=151}} এনেধৰণৰ মৰ্মান্তিক দৃশ্যৰ আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী, প্ৰকাশক আৰু দৰ্শকৰ দায়িত্বশীল নৈতিক আচৰণৰ দাবী কৰি সাংস্কৃতিক লেখিকা সুজান চনটাগে তেওঁৰ 'ৰিগাৰ্ডিং দ্য পেইন অৱ আদাৰ্ছ' (২০০৩) নামৰ প্ৰবন্ধত লিখিছিল:<ref>Susan Sontag, ''Regarding the Pain of Others.'' New York: Picador/Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003</ref> "এটা প্ৰকৃত ভয়াবহ দৃশ্য অতি ওচৰৰ পৰা চোৱাৰ মাজত কঁপনি উঠাৰ লগতে এক লজ্জাবোধো থাকে। সম্ভৱতঃ এনে চৰম পৰ্যায়ৰ যন্ত্ৰণাৰ ছবি চোৱাৰ অধিকাৰ কেৱল সেইসকল লোকৰে আছে যিয়ে ইয়াক উপশম কৰিবলৈ কিবা এটা কৰিব পাৰে... বা যিসকলে ইয়াৰ পৰা শিক্ষা ল’ব পাৰে। বাকী সকলো আমি অনিচ্ছাকৃতভাৱে হ’লেও কেৱল নীৰৱ দৰ্শকহে।"<ref>{{Cite news|last=O'Hagan|first=Sean|date=2010-03-08|title=Viewer or Voyeur? The Morality of Reportage Photography|language=en|work=The Guardian|location=London|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/mar/08/world-press-photo-sean-ohagan|access-date=2021-04-05}}</ref> === বিশেষ সম্পাদকীয় === জনসাধাৰণৰ তীব্ৰ প্ৰতিক্ৰিয়া আৰু শিশুটিৰ অৱস্থাৰ সন্দৰ্ভত উত্থাপিত প্ৰশ্নসমূহৰ বাবে ''দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছ''-এ ১৯৯৩ চনৰ ৩০ মাৰ্চৰ সংস্কৰণত এটা বিশেষ সম্পাদকীয় টোকা প্ৰকাশ কৰে, য’ত আংশিকভাৱে কোৱা হৈছিল: "যোৱা শুকুৰবাৰে চুদানৰ সন্দৰ্ভত প্ৰকাশিত এটা প্ৰবন্ধৰ সৈতে এখন ছবিত আয়োদৰ খাদ্য কেন্দ্ৰলৈ যোৱা পথত ভোকত বাগৰি পৰা এগৰাকী সৰু চুদানিজ ছোৱালীক দেখুওৱা হৈছিল। তাইৰ পিছফালে এটা শগুন খাপ পিটি আছিল। বহু পঢ়ুৱৈয়ে ছোৱালীজনীৰ ভাগ্যৰ বিষয়ে জানিবলৈ বিচাৰিছে। আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পীজনে জনাইছে যে শগুনটোক খেদি পঠিওৱাৰ পিছত তাই পুনৰ যাত্ৰা আৰম্ভ কৰিব পৰাকৈ সুস্থ হৈ উঠিছিল। অৱশ্যে তাই কেন্দ্ৰটোত উপনীত হৈছিলগৈনে নাই সেয়া জনা হোৱা নাই।"<ref>{{cite news|title=Editors' Note|work=The New York Times|date=30 March 1993 |access-date=1 September 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/30/nyregion/editors-note-513893.html|url-access=subscription}}</ref> == বঁটা আৰু সন্মান == * [[পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা|ফিচাৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ বাবে পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা]] (১৯৯৪)<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2018-12-31|title=The 1994 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Feature Photography|url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/kevin-carter-free-lance-photographer|website=www.pulitzer.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Scott|last1=Macleod|access-date=2018-12-31|title=The Life and Death of Kevin Carter|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,165071,00.html|newspaper=Time|date=24 June 2001|issn=0040-781X|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514235028/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,165071,00.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514235028/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,165071,00.html|archivedate=14 May 2019|deadurl=yes}}</ref> * ''দ্য আমেৰিকান মেগাজিন''ৰ দ্বাৰা বছৰটোৰ শ্ৰেষ্ঠ ছবি (Picture of the Year)<ref name="Photojournalist Kevin Carter dies">{{cite news|title=From the Archive, 30 July 1994: Photojournalist Kevin Carter Dies|first=Eamonn|last= McCabe|date=July 30, 2014|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|access-date= September 1, 2016|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jul/30/kevin-carter-photojournalist-obituary-archive-1994|url-status=live}}</ref> == পৰিণতি == {{Main|কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ#মৃত্যু}} ফিচাৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ বাবে পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰাৰ তিনি মাহ আৰু পোন্ধৰ দিন পিছত, ১৯৯৪ চনৰ ২৭ জুলাইত ৩৩ বছৰ বয়সত কাৰ্টাৰে কাৰ্বন মনোক্সাইড বিষক্ৰিয়াৰ জৰিয়তে [[আত্মহত্যা]] কৰে।<ref name="pulitzer2016">{{cite news|title=Kevin Carter, a Pulitzer Winner for Sudan Photo, Is Dead at 33|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 July 1994|access-date=September 2, 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/29/world/kevin-carter-a-pulitzer-winner-for-sudan-photo-is-dead-at-33.html|last1=Keller|first1=Bill|archive-date=23 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923042501/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/29/world/kevin-carter-a-pulitzer-winner-for-sudan-photo-is-dead-at-33.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=JohnCarlin>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-kevin-carter-1380732.html|first=John|last=Carlin|author-link=John Carlin (journalist)|title=Obituary: Kevin Carter|work=[[The Independent]]|location=London|date=July 31, 1994|access-date=December 3, 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|archive-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206143531/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-kevin-carter-1380732.html}}</ref> দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাৰ কেপ টাউনৰ ইমেৰিটছ আৰ্চবিশ্বপ ডেক্সমণ্ড টুটুয়ে কাৰ্টাৰৰ বিষয়ে লিখিছিল: "মানসিক আঘাতৰ বলি হোৱাৰ বাবে কি মূল্য ভৰিবলগীয়া হয় আৰু ই কেনেকৈ কিছুমানক আত্মহত্যাৰ দিশলৈ ঠেলি দিয়ে, সেই বিষয়ে আমি অলপ হ’লেও জানো। হয়, এই মানুহবোৰ আছিল আটাইতকৈ কঠিন আৰু প্ৰত্যাহ্বানমূলক পৰিস্থিতিৰ মাজত কাম কৰা সাধাৰণ মানুহ।"{{sfn|Tutu|2000|p=xi}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} [[শ্ৰেণী:ফটোগ্ৰাফী]] [[শ্ৰেণী:চুদান]] e7427at2x9282g6569godlw9fz5zppm 0 140347 646127 645750 2026-10-19T21:18:08Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 removed [[Category:চুদান]]; added [[Category:চুদানী ব্যক্তি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = KevinCarter.jpg | caption = কাৰ্টাৰৰ তাৰিখবিহীন প্ৰতিচ্ছবি | birthname = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1960|9|13}} | birth_place = জোহাটিছবাৰ্গ, [[দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1994|7|27|1960|9|13}} | death_place = পাৰ্কম’ৰ, জোহানেছবাৰ্গ, [[দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা]] | occupation = আলোকচিত্ৰ সাংবাদিক | notable_works = ''[[দ্য ভলচাৰ এণ্ড দ্য লিটল গাৰ্ল]]'' }} '''কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Kevin Carter; ১৩ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৬০ – ২৭ জুলাই ১৯৯৪)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jul/30/kevin-carter-photojournalist-obituary-archive-1994|title=From the archive, 30 July 1994: Photojournalist Kevin Carter dies|first=Eamonn|last=McCabe|date=30 July 2014|website=The Guardian|access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> আছিল এজন দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকীয় আলোকচিত্ৰ সাংবাদিক আৰু বেং-বেং ক্লাবৰ এজন সদস্য। ১৯৯৩ চনৰ [[চুদান]]ৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষক চিত্ৰিত কৰা [[দ্য ভলচাৰ এণ্ড দ্য লিটল গাৰ্ল|তেওঁৰ আলোকচিত্ৰখন]]ৰ বাবে তেওঁ ১৯৯৪ চনত [[পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা]] লাভ কৰিছিল। এই বঁটা লাভ কৰাৰ চাৰি মাহ নৌহওঁতেই ৩৩ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ আত্মহত্যা কৰে। তেওঁৰ জীৱনগাথা গ্ৰেগ মাৰিনোভিচ আৰু জোয়াও ছিলভাৰদ্বাৰা লিখিত আৰু ২০০০ চনত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য বেং-বেং ক্লাব'' কিতাপখনত চিত্ৰিত কৰা হৈছে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=1–254}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰৰ জন্ম জোহানেছবাৰ্গ, দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা ইউনিয়নত হৈছিল আৰু তেওঁ এটা মধ্যবিত্ত শ্ৰেণীৰ চুবুৰিত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। সৰু কালত তেওঁ মাজে-সময়ে সেই এলেকাত অবৈধভাৱে বসবাস কৰা কৃষ্ণাংগ লোকসকলক গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰিবলৈ আৰক্ষীয়ে চলোৱা অভিযান প্ৰত্যক্ষ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ পিছলৈ কৈছিল যে ব্ৰিটিছ মূলৰ এটা কেথলিক, "উদাৰতাবাদী" পৰিয়াল হোৱা সত্ত্বেও তেওঁৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃয়ে বৰ্ণবৈষম্যবাদৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দিয়াত কেনেকৈ ইমান "উদাসীন" হ’ব পাৰিছিল, সেই লৈ তেওঁ প্ৰশ্ন উত্থাপন কৰিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=39–41}} হাইড্ৰেট স্কুল শেষ কৰাৰ পাছত কাৰ্টাৰে ফাৰ্মাচিষ্ট হোৱাৰ পঢ়া আধাতে এৰি দিয়ে আৰু দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকীয় সেনাবাহিনীত ভৰ্তি হয়। পদাতিক বাহিনীৰপৰা সাৰিবলৈ তেওঁ দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকীয় বিমান বাহিনীত যোগদান কৰে আৰু তাত তেওঁ চাৰি বছৰ সেৱা আগবঢ়ায়। ১৯৮০ চনত তেওঁ এজন কৃষ্ণাংগ ডাইনিং হ’লৰ ৱেইটাৰক অপমান কৰা প্ৰত্যক্ষ কৰিছিল। কাৰ্টাৰে সেই মানুহজনক সুৰক্ষা দিছিল, যাৰ ফলত আন সামৰিক কৰ্মীসকলে তেওঁক বেয়াকৈ প্ৰহাৰ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অনুমতি অবিহনে কৰ্তব্যত অনুপস্থিত থাকে আৰু "ডেভিদ" নামেৰে এজন ৰেডিঅ’ ডিস্ক-জকী হিচাপে নতুন জীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰে। অৱশ্যে এই কামটো তেওঁ ভবাতকৈ অধিক কঠিন প্ৰমাণিত হ’ল। তাৰ কিছুসময়ৰ পাছতে তেওঁ সামৰিক সেৱাৰ বাকী থকা বাধ্যতামূলক সময়খিনি সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। ১৯৮৩ চনত প্ৰিটৰিয়াত সংঘটিত চাৰ্চ ষ্ট্ৰীট বোমা বিস্ফোৰণ প্ৰত্যক্ষ কৰাৰ পাছত তেওঁ এজন সংবাদ আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী আৰু সাংবাদিক হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=39–41}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক কৰ্মজীৱন == সামৰিক সেৱা সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰাৰ পাছত, ১৯৮৩ চনত কাৰ্টাৰ জোহানেছবাৰ্গলৈ ঘূৰি আহে আৰু এখন আলোকচিত্ৰৰ সামগ্ৰী বিক্ৰী কৰা দোকানত কাম লয়। এইদৰেই তেওঁ স্থানীয় আলোকচিত্ৰ সাংবাদিকসকলক লগ পায় আৰু নিজৰ প্ৰথমটো বৃত্তিমূলক কাম লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ ''জোহানেছবাৰ্গ ছানডে এক্সপ্ৰেছ''ৰ সৈতে অংশীদাৰিত্ব কৰে আৰু সপ্তাহান্তিক ক্ৰীড়া আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী হৈ পৰে। তেওঁ শনিবাৰ আৰু দেওবাৰৰ খেলসমূহৰ ছবি তুলিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dwornik |first=Małgorzata |date=2 September 2024 |title=Kevin Carter. The Story of a Bang-Bang Club Photojournalist |url=https://reporterzy.info/en/4745,kevin-carter-the-story-of-a-bang-bang-club-photojournalist |url-status=live |work=Reporterzy.info |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204011054/https://reporterzy.info/en/4745,kevin-carter-the-story-of-a-bang-bang-club-photojournalist |archive-date=4 December 2024|language=en |issn=2544-5839}}</ref> ১৯৮৪ চনত তেওঁ ''জোহানেছবাৰ্গ ষ্টাৰ''ত কাম কৰিবলৈ লয়, য’ত তেওঁ বৰ্ণবাদৰ জঘন্য ৰূপ উন্মোচন কৰিছিল। ১৯৮০-ৰ দশকৰ মাজভাগত দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাত কৃষ্ণাংগ আফ্ৰিকীয়সকলৰদ্বাৰা ৰাজহুৱাকৈ দিয়া "নেকলেচিং" (ডিঙিত টায়াৰ ওলমাই জুই লগাই দিয়া মৃত্যুদণ্ড) মৃত্যুদণ্ডৰ আলোকচিত্ৰ তোলা কাৰ্টাৰ আছিল প্ৰথমজন ব্যক্তি। কাৰ্টাৰে পিছত এই ছবিসমূহৰ বিষয়ে কৈছিল: "তেওঁলোকে যি কৰিছিল তাক দেখি মই স্তম্ভিত হৈ পৰিছিলোঁ। কিন্তু যেতিয়া মানুহে সেই ছবিবোৰৰ বিষয়ে কথা পাতিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিলে... তেতিয়া মই অনুভৱ কৰিলোঁ যে মোৰ কাৰ্য হয়তো একেবাৰে বেয়া নাছিল। এনে এক ভয়াবহ ঘটনাৰ সাক্ষী হোৱাটো সদায় ইমান বেয়া কাম নহ’বও পাৰে।" <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timporter.com/firstdraft/archives/000071.html|title=First Draft by Tim Porter: Covering War in a Free Society|website=timporter.com|access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref> == চুদনত == ১৯৯৩ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ অপাৰেচন লাইফলাইন চুদানৰ ৰবাৰ্ট হেডলীয়ে জোয়াও ছিলভাক চুদানলৈ যোৱাৰ আৰু সেই অঞ্চলৰ গৃহ-যুদ্ধত বিদ্ৰোহীসকলৰ সৈতে থাকি দক্ষিণ চুদানৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষৰ প্ৰতিৱেদন প্ৰস্তুত কৰাৰ সুযোগ দিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=110}} ছিলভাই এই বিষয়ে কাৰ্টাৰক জনাইছিল, যিয়ে ইয়াক নিজৰ ফ্ৰীলেঞ্চাৰ কেৰিয়াৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ কৰাৰ আৰু ব্যক্তিগত সমস্যাসমূহ সমাধানৰ এক মাধ্যম হিচাপে এই কামক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাৰ এক সুযোগ বুলি অনুভৱ কৰিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=109–110}} অপাৰেচন লাইফলাইন চুদানে পুঁজিৰ অভাৱত ভুগি আছিল,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Karim|first1=Ataul|last2=Duffield|first2=Mark|last3=Jaspers|first3=Susanne|last4=Hendrie|first4=Barbara|title=Operation Lifeline Sudan – A review|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284727714|website=researchgate.net|date=June 1996|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘই বিশ্বাস কৰিছিল যে সেই অঞ্চলৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষ আৰু প্ৰয়োজনীয়তাসমূহ প্ৰচাৰ কৰিলে সাহায্য সংস্থাসমূহক পুঁজি ধৰি ৰখাত সহায় হ’ব। ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰ ৰাজনীতিৰ সৈতে জড়িত নাছিল আৰু কেৱল ছবি তুলিবলৈহে আগ্ৰহী আছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=113}} নাইৰোবিলৈ উৰা মৰাৰ পাছত, দুয়োজনে গম পালে যে চুদানত নতুনকৈ আৰম্ভ হোৱা যুদ্ধৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকে সেই চহৰখনত অনিৰ্দিষ্ট কাললৈ অপেক্ষা কৰিবলগীয়া হ’ব। এই সময়ছোৱাত কাৰ্টাৰে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সৈতে দক্ষিণ চুদানৰ জুবালৈ এদিনীয়া ভ্ৰমণ কৰি অঞ্চলটোৰ বাবে খাদ্য সাহায্য কঢ়িয়াই অনা এখন নাওৰ ছবি তোলে। তাৰ কিছুসময়ৰ পাছত, ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘই এটা বিদ্ৰোহী গোটৰপৰা আয়োডলৈ খাদ্য সাহায্য উৰুৱাই নিয়াৰ অনুমতি লাভ কৰে। হেডলীয়ে ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰক তেওঁৰ সৈতে তালৈ উৰা মাৰিবলৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ জনায়।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=114}} আয়োডত উপনীত হোৱাৰ পিছত ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষৰ চিকাৰ হোৱা লোকসকলৰ ছবি তুলিবলৈ ইজনে সিজনৰপৰা পৃথক হৈ পৰে আৰু তেওঁলোকে প্ৰত্যক্ষ কৰা মৰ্মান্তিক পৰিস্থিতিৰ বিষয়ে নিজৰ মাজত আলোচনা কৰে। ছিলভাই কেইজনমান বিদ্ৰোহী সৈন্য বিচাৰি পালে যিয়ে তেওঁক কোনো দায়িত্বশীল বিষয়াৰ ওচৰলৈ লৈ যাব পাৰে। কাৰ্টাৰো তেওঁৰ সৈতে যোগ দিলে। ইংৰাজী ক’ব নোৱাৰা সৈনিক এজনে কাৰ্টাৰৰ হাতঘড়ীটোৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহ দেখুৱাইছিল। কাৰ্টাৰে তেওঁক সুলভ মূল্যৰ ঘড়ীটো উপহাৰ হিচাপে দিয়ে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=116}} সৈনিককেইজনে তেওঁলোকৰ অংগৰক্ষী হিচাপে সেৱা আগবঢ়াইছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=152–153|loc=মাৰিনোভিচে সৈনিকসকলক অংগৰক্ষী হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/201137365|title=Carter and soldiers|via=Vimeo}}</ref> === চুদানত পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা বিজয়ী আলোকচিত্ৰ === {{main|দ্য ভলচাৰ এণ্ড দ্য লিটল গাৰ্ল}} কাৰ্টাৰে এটা শিশুৰ ছবি তুলিছিল যিটোক দেখাত এজনী সৰু ছোৱালী যেন লাগিছিল, যি ভোকত মাটিত বাগৰি পৰিছিল আৰু ওচৰৰে মাটিত এটা শগুণে খাপ পিটি আছিল। তেওঁ ছিলভাক কৈছিল যে তেওঁ মাত্ৰ তোলা পৰিস্থিতিটোৱে তেওঁক স্তম্ভিত কৰি তুলিছে আৰু তেওঁ শগুণটোক খেদি পঠিয়াইছে। কেইমিনিটমানৰ পিছত কাৰ্টাৰ আৰু ছিলভাই ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ এখন সৰু বিমানত উঠি আয়োড এৰি কংগৰ অভিমুখে যাত্ৰা কৰে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=118}} দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছ কাকতৰ ওচৰত বিক্ৰী কৰা এই আলোকচিত্ৰখন প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ১৯৯৩ চনৰ ২৬ মাৰ্চত প্ৰকাশ পায় আৰু বিশ্বজুৰি প্ৰসাৰিত হয়। শ শ মানুহে ছোৱালীজনীৰ ভাগ্য কি হ’ল বুলি সুধিবলৈ বাতৰি কাকত গোষ্ঠীৰ সৈতে যোগাযোগ কৰিছিল। কাকতখনৰ তৰফৰপৰা কোৱা হৈছিল যে কাৰ্টাৰৰ মতে, "শগুণটোক খেদি পঠোৱাৰ পিছত তাই পুনৰ খোজ কাঢ়িব পৰাকৈ সুস্থ হৈ উঠিছিল" কিন্তু তাই ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ খাদ্য কেন্দ্ৰত উপনীত হৈছিল নে নাই সেয়া জনা হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{cite news|title=Editors' Note|work=The New York Times|date=30 March 1993|access-date=1 September 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/30/nyregion/editors-note-513893.html}}</ref> ১৯৯৪ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত এই আলোকচিত্ৰখনে ফিচাৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ বাবে পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Importance Behind the Photo of a Starving Child and a Vulture|url=http://100photos.time.com/photos/kevin-carter-starving-child-vulture|magazine=টাইম|publisher=The Most Influential Images of All Time}}</ref><ref name="time-1994">{{cite magazine|last=MacLeod|first=Scott|date=12 September 1994|title=The Life and Death of Kevin Carter|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,165071,00.html|location=Johannesburg|volume=144|url-access=subscription|magazine=টাইম|number=11|access-date=19 May 2020}}</ref> ২০১১ চনত শিশুটিৰ পিতৃয়ে প্ৰকাশ কৰে যে শিশুটি আচলতে এজন ল’ৰা আছিল, যাৰ নাম আছিল কং নিয়ং আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ খাদ্য সাহায্য কেন্দ্ৰই তাৰ তদাৰক কৰিছিল। পৰিয়ালৰ লোকৰ মতে, ২০০৭ চনৰ আশে-পাশে জ্বৰত আক্ৰান্ত হৈ নিয়ঙৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল।<ref name="Kong Nyong, el niño que sobrevivió al buitre">{{cite news|title=Kong Nyong, el niño que sobrevivió al buitre|trans-title=Kong Nyong, The Boy Who Survived the Vulture|first=Alberto|last=Rojas|date=21 February 2011|access-date=29 August 2017|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/02/18/comunicacion/1298054483.html|work=এল মুণ্ডো|language=es}}</ref> এই ছবিখন আৰু ইয়াৰ সৈতে জড়িত নৈতিক তথা ৰাজনৈতিক প্ৰভাৱসমূহ সমাজতাত্ত্বিক বিদ্যায়তনিক জাৰ্নেলসমূহতো প্ৰকাশ পাইছে।<ref>{{Citation|last1=Kleinman|first1=Arthur|chapter=Cultural Appropriations of Suffering|date=2015-11-20|chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt183p6n7.28|title=Cultures of Fear|pages=288–303|access-date=2023-12-05|publisher=Pluto Books|isbn=978-1-84964-432-7|last2=Kleinman|first2=Joan|doi=10.2307/j.ctt183p6n7.28|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> == অন্যান্য কাম == ১৯৯৪ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত, দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাৰ সাধাৰণ নিৰ্বাচনৰ ঠিক পূৰ্বে, বোপুতাৎসৱানাত চলোৱা ব্যৰ্থ আক্ৰমণৰ সময়ত আফ্ৰিকানেৰ ৱীৰষ্টাণ্ডচবেৱেগিং (AWB)ৰ তিনিজন সদস্যক গুলীয়াই থকা অৱস্থাত কাৰ্টাৰে এখন আলোকচিত্ৰ তুলিছিল। এই ঘটনাৰ মাজভাগতে কাৰ্টাৰৰ কেমেৰাৰ ফিল্ম শেষ হৈ গৈছিল। ''দ্য গাৰ্ডিয়ান''ৰ ইমোন মেকেবে কয়: "এই ছবিখনে বিশ্বৰ প্ৰায় প্ৰতিখন বাতৰি কাকতৰ প্ৰথম পৃষ্ঠাত স্থান পাইছিল, যি আছিল সমগ্ৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰচাৰৰ একমাত্ৰ প্ৰকৃত আলোকচিত্ৰ।" <ref>{{cite web|author=Eamonn McCabe|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jul/30/kevin-carter-photojournalist-obituary-archive-1994|title=Photojournalist Kevin Carter dies – obituary: from the archive, 30 July 1994; Media|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=30 July 2014|access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref> == মৃত্যু == ফিচাৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ বাবে পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰাৰ চাৰে তিনি মাহ পিছত, ১৯৯৪ চনৰ ২৭ জুলাইত ৩৩ বছৰ বয়সত কাৰ্টাৰে কাৰ্বন মনোক্সাইড বিষক্ৰিয়াৰদ্বাৰা [[আত্মহত্যা]] কৰে।<ref name="pulitzer2016">{{cite news|title=Kevin Carter, a Pulitzer Winner for Sudan Photo, Is Dead at 33|work=[[দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছ]]|date=29 July 1994|access-date=2 September 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/29/world/kevin-carter-a-pulitzer-winner-for-sudan-photo-is-dead-at-33.html|last1=Keller|first1=Bill}}</ref><ref name="JohnCarlin">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-kevin-carter-1380732.html|first=John|last=Carlin|authorlink=John Carlin (journalist)|title=Obituary: Kevin Carter|work=[[The Independent]]|location=London|date=31 July 1994|access-date=3 December 2017}}</ref> দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাৰ কেপ টাউনৰ ইমেৰিটছ আৰ্চবিশ্বপ ডেস্কমণ্ড টুটুয়ে কাৰ্টাৰৰ বিষয়ে লিখিছিল, "আৰু আমি মানসিকভাৱে আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হোৱাৰ মূল্যৰ বিষয়ে অলপ হ’লেও জানো যিয়ে কিছুমানক আত্মহত্যাৰ দিশে ঠেলি দিছিল; হয়, এই মানুহবোৰ আছিল আটাইতকৈ প্ৰত্যাহ্বানজনক পৰিস্থিতিৰ মাজত কাম কৰা মানৱ সন্তান।" {{sfn|Tutu|2000|p=xi}} কাৰ্টাৰৰ আত্মহত্যাৰ টোকাটোত লিখা আছিল: {{blockquote|মই সঁচাকৈয়ে, বৰ দুঃখিত। জীৱনৰ যন্ত্ৰণাই আনন্দক ইমান দূৰলৈ তল পেলাই দিছে যে আনন্দৰ কোনো অস্তিত্বই নাই। ...হতাশাগ্ৰস্ত ... ফোন অবিহনে ... ভাড়াৰ পইচা নাই ... সন্তানৰ ভৰণ-পোষণৰ পইচা নাই ... ঋণৰ পইচা নাই ... পইচা!! ! ... মই হত্যাকাণ্ড, মৃতদেহ, ক্ৰোধ আৰু যন্ত্ৰণাৰ জীৱন্ত স্মৃতিৰদ্বাৰা খেদি ফুৰিছোঁ ... ভোকাতুৰ বা আহত শিশু, গুলী চলাবলৈ সদায় সাজু থকা উন্মাদ লোক (প্ৰায়ে আৰক্ষী), আৰু হত্যাকাৰী জল্লাদসকলৰ স্মৃতিয়ে মোক আমনি কৰে ... মই যদি ভাগ্যৱান হওঁ, কেনৰ সৈতে যোগ দিবলৈ গৈ আছোঁ। |author=কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ}} অন্তিম শাৰীটোৱে তেওঁৰ অলপতে মৃত্যুবৰণ কৰা সতীৰ্থ কেন ওষ্টাৰব্ৰুকক বুজাইছে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=195}} == জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত == ৰক বেণ্ড মেনিক ষ্ট্ৰীট প্ৰীচাৰ্ছৰ ১৯৯৬ চনৰ চতুৰ্থটো এলবাম ''এভ্ৰিথিং মাষ্ট গো''ৰ "কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ" গীতটো কাৰ্টাৰৰ জীৱন আৰু আত্মহত্যাৰদ্বাৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত আছিল।{{sfn|Newark|2013|p=96}} গীতৰ কথাখিনিয়ে কাৰ্টাৰৰ মানসিক যন্ত্ৰণা আৰু তেওঁৰ আলোকচিত্ৰই উত্থাপন কৰা জটিল নৈতিক প্ৰশ্নসমূহ অন্বেষণ কৰিছিল: 'Hi, Time magazine, hi, Pulitzer Prize/ Tribal scars in Technicolor Bang-bang club, AK-47 hour/ Kevin Carter Hi, Time magazine, hi, Pulitzer Prize/ Vulture stalked white piped lie forever/ Wasted your life in black and white'। এই কথাখিনি ৰিচি এডৱাৰ্ডছৰ অন্তৰ্ধানৰ ঠিক পূৰ্বে তেওঁ নিজেই লিখিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=140}} ''হাউচ অব লিভ্ছ'' কিতাপখনৰ এটা মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ 'উইল নেভিডছন' হৈছে এজন আলোকচিত্ৰ সাংবাদিক, যিয়ে এজনী ভোকাতুৰ চুদানিজ ছোৱালীৰ ছবিৰ বাবে পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো তাইক সহায় নকৰাৰ বাবে অনুশোচনাত দগ্ধ হৈছিল। কিতাপখনৰ পাদটীকা ৩৩৬-ত উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে যে এইটো "স্পষ্টভাৱে কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰৰ [...] আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত।" <ref>{{cite book|last=Danielewski|first=Mark Z.|author-link=Mark Z. Danielewski|title=House of Leaves|date=2000|page=368|publisher=Doubleday|isbn=9780385603102}}</ref> আমেৰিকান হেভী মেটেল বেণ্ড চেভাটাজৰ ২০০১ চনৰ এলবাম ''পয়েটছ এণ্ড মেডমেন'' কাৰ্টাৰৰ জীৱন আৰু মৃত্যুৰদ্বাৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত।<ref>{{cite web|title=The Official Savatage Homepage|url=http://www.savatage.com/bandinfo/faq3.html|access-date=18 August 2020|website=www.savatage.com}}</ref> ২০০০ চনৰ কিতাপ ''দ্য বেং-বেং ক্লাব: স্নেপশ্বটছ ফ্ৰম এ হিডেন ৱাৰ''ৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ ৰূপান্তৰ ২০১০ চনৰ ''দ্য বেং বেং ক্লাব'' নামৰ বোলছবিখনত কানাডিয়ান অভিনেতা টেলৰ কিট্ছে কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>[https://collider.com/taylor-kitsch-interview-the-bang-bang-club/ Taylor Kitsch Interview THE BANG BANG CLUB], Valnet, 20 April 2011</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} == অধিক পঢ়ক == * {{cite book |last1= Fujiwara |first1= Aiko |date= 2005 |title= Ehagaki Ni Sareta Shōnen |trans-title= পোষ্টকাৰ্ড বয় (Postcard Boy) |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=boPSAAAACAAJ |location= চিয়োডা, টকিঅ’, জাপান |publisher= শ্বুইছা (Shueisha) |isbn= 4-08-781338-X }} * ''দ্য ডেথ অৱ কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ: কেজুৱেল্টী অৱ দ্য বেং বেং ক্লাব'' (The Death of Kevin Carter: Casualty of the Bang Bang Club), [[এইচবিঅ’]] (HBO) তথ্যচিত্ৰ। ১৭ আগষ্ট ২০০৬ == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2009/04/15/arts/15jaar_CA0.ready.html চুদনৰ ছোৱালীজনীৰ পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা বিজয়ী আলোকচিত্ৰ] [[শ্ৰেণী:চুদানী ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফটো সাংবাদিক]] 3uwwlltpbvkyy2todeump48pwesq1rv 646157 646127 2026-10-19T22:18:07Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | image = KevinCarter.jpg | caption = কাৰ্টাৰৰ তাৰিখবিহীন প্ৰতিচ্ছবি | birthname = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1960|9|13}} | birth_place = জোহাটিছবাৰ্গ, [[দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1994|7|27|1960|9|13}} | death_place = পাৰ্কম’ৰ, জোহানেছবাৰ্গ, [[দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা]] | occupation = আলোকচিত্ৰ সাংবাদিক | notable_works = ''[[দ্য ভলচাৰ এণ্ড দ্য লিটল গাৰ্ল]]'' }} '''কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ''' ([[ইংৰাজী]]: Kevin Carter; ১৩ ছেপ্টেম্বৰ ১৯৬০ – ২৭ জুলাই ১৯৯৪)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jul/30/kevin-carter-photojournalist-obituary-archive-1994|title=From the archive, 30 July 1994: Photojournalist Kevin Carter dies|first=Eamonn|last=McCabe|date=30 July 2014|website=The Guardian|access-date=20 December 2018}}</ref> আছিল এজন দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকীয় আলোকচিত্ৰ সাংবাদিক আৰু বেং-বেং ক্লাবৰ এজন সদস্য। ১৯৯৩ চনৰ [[চুদান]]ৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষক চিত্ৰিত কৰা [[দ্য ভলচাৰ এণ্ড দ্য লিটল গাৰ্ল|তেওঁৰ আলোকচিত্ৰখন]]ৰ বাবে তেওঁ ১৯৯৪ চনত [[পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা]] লাভ কৰিছিল। এই বঁটা লাভ কৰাৰ চাৰি মাহ নৌহওঁতেই ৩৩ বছৰ বয়সত তেওঁ আত্মহত্যা কৰে। তেওঁৰ জীৱনগাথা গ্ৰেগ মাৰিনোভিচ আৰু জোয়াও ছিলভাৰদ্বাৰা লিখিত আৰু ২০০০ চনত প্ৰকাশিত ''দ্য বেং-বেং ক্লাব'' কিতাপখনত চিত্ৰিত কৰা হৈছে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=1–254}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক জীৱন == কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰৰ জন্ম জোহানেছবাৰ্গ, দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকা ইউনিয়নত হৈছিল আৰু তেওঁ এটা মধ্যবিত্ত শ্ৰেণীৰ চুবুৰিত ডাঙৰ-দীঘল হৈছিল। সৰু কালত তেওঁ মাজে-সময়ে সেই এলেকাত অবৈধভাৱে বসবাস কৰা কৃষ্ণাংগ লোকসকলক গ্ৰেপ্তাৰ কৰিবলৈ আৰক্ষীয়ে চলোৱা অভিযান প্ৰত্যক্ষ কৰিছিল। তেওঁ পিছলৈ কৈছিল যে ব্ৰিটিছ মূলৰ এটা কেথলিক, "উদাৰতাবাদী" পৰিয়াল হোৱা সত্ত্বেও তেওঁৰ পিতৃ-মাতৃয়ে বৰ্ণবৈষম্যবাদৰ বিৰুদ্ধে যুঁজ দিয়াত কেনেকৈ ইমান "উদাসীন" হ’ব পাৰিছিল, সেই লৈ তেওঁ প্ৰশ্ন উত্থাপন কৰিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=39–41}} হাইড্ৰেট স্কুল শেষ কৰাৰ পাছত কাৰ্টাৰে ফাৰ্মাচিষ্ট হোৱাৰ পঢ়া আধাতে এৰি দিয়ে আৰু দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকীয় সেনাবাহিনীত ভৰ্তি হয়। পদাতিক বাহিনীৰপৰা সাৰিবলৈ তেওঁ দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকীয় বিমান বাহিনীত যোগদান কৰে আৰু তাত তেওঁ চাৰি বছৰ সেৱা আগবঢ়ায়। ১৯৮০ চনত তেওঁ এজন কৃষ্ণাংগ ডাইনিং হ’লৰ ৱেইটাৰক অপমান কৰা প্ৰত্যক্ষ কৰিছিল। কাৰ্টাৰে সেই মানুহজনক সুৰক্ষা দিছিল, যাৰ ফলত আন সামৰিক কৰ্মীসকলে তেওঁক বেয়াকৈ প্ৰহাৰ কৰিছিল। ইয়াৰ পিছত তেওঁ অনুমতি অবিহনে কৰ্তব্যত অনুপস্থিত থাকে আৰু "ডেভিদ" নামেৰে এজন ৰেডিঅ’ ডিস্ক-জকী হিচাপে নতুন জীৱন আৰম্ভ কৰাৰ চেষ্টা কৰে। অৱশ্যে এই কামটো তেওঁ ভবাতকৈ অধিক কঠিন প্ৰমাণিত হ’ল। তাৰ কিছুসময়ৰ পাছতে তেওঁ সামৰিক সেৱাৰ বাকী থকা বাধ্যতামূলক সময়খিনি সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়। ১৯৮৩ চনত প্ৰিটৰিয়াত সংঘটিত চাৰ্চ ষ্ট্ৰীট বোমা বিস্ফোৰণ প্ৰত্যক্ষ কৰাৰ পাছত তেওঁ এজন সংবাদ আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী আৰু সাংবাদিক হোৱাৰ সিদ্ধান্ত লয়।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=39–41}} == প্ৰাৰম্ভিক কৰ্মজীৱন == সামৰিক সেৱা সম্পূৰ্ণ কৰাৰ পাছত, ১৯৮৩ চনত কাৰ্টাৰ জোহানেছবাৰ্গলৈ ঘূৰি আহে আৰু এখন আলোকচিত্ৰৰ সামগ্ৰী বিক্ৰী কৰা দোকানত কাম লয়। এইদৰেই তেওঁ স্থানীয় আলোকচিত্ৰ সাংবাদিকসকলক লগ পায় আৰু নিজৰ প্ৰথমটো বৃত্তিমূলক কাম লাভ কৰে। তেওঁ ''জোহানেছবাৰ্গ ছানডে এক্সপ্ৰেছ''ৰ সৈতে অংশীদাৰিত্ব কৰে আৰু সপ্তাহান্তিক ক্ৰীড়া আলোকচিত্ৰশিল্পী হৈ পৰে। তেওঁ শনিবাৰ আৰু দেওবাৰৰ খেলসমূহৰ ছবি তুলিছিল।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dwornik |first=Małgorzata |date=2 September 2024 |title=Kevin Carter. The Story of a Bang-Bang Club Photojournalist |url=https://reporterzy.info/en/4745,kevin-carter-the-story-of-a-bang-bang-club-photojournalist |url-status=live |work=Reporterzy.info |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204011054/https://reporterzy.info/en/4745,kevin-carter-the-story-of-a-bang-bang-club-photojournalist |archive-date=4 December 2024|language=en |issn=2544-5839}}</ref> ১৯৮৪ চনত তেওঁ ''জোহানেছবাৰ্গ ষ্টাৰ''ত কাম কৰিবলৈ লয়, য’ত তেওঁ বৰ্ণবাদৰ জঘন্য ৰূপ উন্মোচন কৰিছিল। ১৯৮০-ৰ দশকৰ মাজভাগত দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাত কৃষ্ণাংগ আফ্ৰিকীয়সকলৰদ্বাৰা ৰাজহুৱাকৈ দিয়া "নেকলেচিং" (ডিঙিত টায়াৰ ওলমাই জুই লগাই দিয়া মৃত্যুদণ্ড) মৃত্যুদণ্ডৰ আলোকচিত্ৰ তোলা কাৰ্টাৰ আছিল প্ৰথমজন ব্যক্তি। কাৰ্টাৰে পিছত এই ছবিসমূহৰ বিষয়ে কৈছিল: "তেওঁলোকে যি কৰিছিল তাক দেখি মই স্তম্ভিত হৈ পৰিছিলোঁ। কিন্তু যেতিয়া মানুহে সেই ছবিবোৰৰ বিষয়ে কথা পাতিবলৈ আৰম্ভ কৰিলে... তেতিয়া মই অনুভৱ কৰিলোঁ যে মোৰ কাৰ্য হয়তো একেবাৰে বেয়া নাছিল। এনে এক ভয়াবহ ঘটনাৰ সাক্ষী হোৱাটো সদায় ইমান বেয়া কাম নহ’বও পাৰে।" <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timporter.com/firstdraft/archives/000071.html|title=First Draft by Tim Porter: Covering War in a Free Society|website=timporter.com|access-date=3 November 2018}}</ref> == চুদনত == ১৯৯৩ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ অপাৰেচন লাইফলাইন চুদানৰ ৰবাৰ্ট হেডলীয়ে জোয়াও ছিলভাক চুদানলৈ যোৱাৰ আৰু সেই অঞ্চলৰ গৃহ-যুদ্ধত বিদ্ৰোহীসকলৰ সৈতে থাকি দক্ষিণ চুদানৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষৰ প্ৰতিৱেদন প্ৰস্তুত কৰাৰ সুযোগ দিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=110}} ছিলভাই এই বিষয়ে কাৰ্টাৰক জনাইছিল, যিয়ে ইয়াক নিজৰ ফ্ৰীলেঞ্চাৰ কেৰিয়াৰ সম্প্ৰসাৰণ কৰাৰ আৰু ব্যক্তিগত সমস্যাসমূহ সমাধানৰ এক মাধ্যম হিচাপে এই কামক ব্যৱহাৰ কৰাৰ এক সুযোগ বুলি অনুভৱ কৰিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=109–110}} অপাৰেচন লাইফলাইন চুদানে পুঁজিৰ অভাৱত ভুগি আছিল,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Karim|first1=Ataul|last2=Duffield|first2=Mark|last3=Jaspers|first3=Susanne|last4=Hendrie|first4=Barbara|title=Operation Lifeline Sudan – A review|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284727714|website=researchgate.net|date=June 1996|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘই বিশ্বাস কৰিছিল যে সেই অঞ্চলৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষ আৰু প্ৰয়োজনীয়তাসমূহ প্ৰচাৰ কৰিলে সাহায্য সংস্থাসমূহক পুঁজি ধৰি ৰখাত সহায় হ’ব। ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰ ৰাজনীতিৰ সৈতে জড়িত নাছিল আৰু কেৱল ছবি তুলিবলৈহে আগ্ৰহী আছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=113}} নাইৰোবিলৈ উৰা মৰাৰ পাছত, দুয়োজনে গম পালে যে চুদানত নতুনকৈ আৰম্ভ হোৱা যুদ্ধৰ বাবে তেওঁলোকে সেই চহৰখনত অনিৰ্দিষ্ট কাললৈ অপেক্ষা কৰিবলগীয়া হ’ব। এই সময়ছোৱাত কাৰ্টাৰে ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ সৈতে দক্ষিণ চুদানৰ জুবালৈ এদিনীয়া ভ্ৰমণ কৰি অঞ্চলটোৰ বাবে খাদ্য সাহায্য কঢ়িয়াই অনা এখন নাওৰ ছবি তোলে। তাৰ কিছুসময়ৰ পাছত, ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘই এটা বিদ্ৰোহী গোটৰপৰা আয়োডলৈ খাদ্য সাহায্য উৰুৱাই নিয়াৰ অনুমতি লাভ কৰে। হেডলীয়ে ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰক তেওঁৰ সৈতে তালৈ উৰা মাৰিবলৈ আমন্ত্ৰণ জনায়।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=114}} আয়োডত উপনীত হোৱাৰ পিছত ছিলভা আৰু কাৰ্টাৰ দুৰ্ভিক্ষৰ চিকাৰ হোৱা লোকসকলৰ ছবি তুলিবলৈ ইজনে সিজনৰপৰা পৃথক হৈ পৰে আৰু তেওঁলোকে প্ৰত্যক্ষ কৰা মৰ্মান্তিক পৰিস্থিতিৰ বিষয়ে নিজৰ মাজত আলোচনা কৰে। ছিলভাই কেইজনমান বিদ্ৰোহী সৈন্য বিচাৰি পালে যিয়ে তেওঁক কোনো দায়িত্বশীল বিষয়াৰ ওচৰলৈ লৈ যাব পাৰে। কাৰ্টাৰো তেওঁৰ সৈতে যোগ দিলে। ইংৰাজী ক’ব নোৱাৰা সৈনিক এজনে কাৰ্টাৰৰ হাতঘড়ীটোৰ প্ৰতি আগ্ৰহ দেখুৱাইছিল। কাৰ্টাৰে তেওঁক সুলভ মূল্যৰ ঘড়ীটো উপহাৰ হিচাপে দিয়ে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=116}} সৈনিককেইজনে তেওঁলোকৰ অংগৰক্ষী হিচাপে সেৱা আগবঢ়াইছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=152–153|loc=মাৰিনোভিচে সৈনিকসকলক অংগৰক্ষী হিচাপে বৰ্ণনা কৰিছে}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/201137365|title=Carter and soldiers|via=Vimeo}}</ref> === চুদানত পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা বিজয়ী আলোকচিত্ৰ === {{main|দ্য ভলচাৰ এণ্ড দ্য লিটল গাৰ্ল}} কাৰ্টাৰে এটা শিশুৰ ছবি তুলিছিল যিটোক দেখাত এজনী সৰু ছোৱালী যেন লাগিছিল, যি ভোকত মাটিত বাগৰি পৰিছিল আৰু ওচৰৰে মাটিত এটা শগুণে খাপ পিটি আছিল। তেওঁ ছিলভাক কৈছিল যে তেওঁ মাত্ৰ তোলা পৰিস্থিতিটোৱে তেওঁক স্তম্ভিত কৰি তুলিছে আৰু তেওঁ শগুণটোক খেদি পঠিয়াইছে। কেইমিনিটমানৰ পিছত কাৰ্টাৰ আৰু ছিলভাই ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ এখন সৰু বিমানত উঠি আয়োড এৰি কংগৰ অভিমুখে যাত্ৰা কৰে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=118}} দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছ কাকতৰ ওচৰত বিক্ৰী কৰা এই আলোকচিত্ৰখন প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে ১৯৯৩ চনৰ ২৬ মাৰ্চত প্ৰকাশ পায় আৰু বিশ্বজুৰি প্ৰসাৰিত হয়। শ শ মানুহে ছোৱালীজনীৰ ভাগ্য কি হ’ল বুলি সুধিবলৈ বাতৰি কাকত গোষ্ঠীৰ সৈতে যোগাযোগ কৰিছিল। কাকতখনৰ তৰফৰপৰা কোৱা হৈছিল যে কাৰ্টাৰৰ মতে, "শগুণটোক খেদি পঠোৱাৰ পিছত তাই পুনৰ খোজ কাঢ়িব পৰাকৈ সুস্থ হৈ উঠিছিল" কিন্তু তাই ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ খাদ্য কেন্দ্ৰত উপনীত হৈছিল নে নাই সেয়া জনা হোৱা নাই।<ref>{{cite news|title=Editors' Note|work=The New York Times|date=30 March 1993|access-date=1 September 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/30/nyregion/editors-note-513893.html}}</ref> ১৯৯৪ চনৰ এপ্ৰিল মাহত এই আলোকচিত্ৰখনে ফিচাৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ বাবে পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰে।<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The Importance Behind the Photo of a Starving Child and a Vulture|url=http://100photos.time.com/photos/kevin-carter-starving-child-vulture|magazine=টাইম|publisher=The Most Influential Images of All Time}}</ref><ref name="time-1994">{{cite magazine|last=MacLeod|first=Scott|date=12 September 1994|title=The Life and Death of Kevin Carter|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,165071,00.html|location=Johannesburg|volume=144|url-access=subscription|magazine=টাইম|number=11|access-date=19 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514235028/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,165071,00.html|archivedate=14 May 2019|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০১১ চনত শিশুটিৰ পিতৃয়ে প্ৰকাশ কৰে যে শিশুটি আচলতে এজন ল’ৰা আছিল, যাৰ নাম আছিল কং নিয়ং আৰু ৰাষ্ট্ৰসংঘৰ খাদ্য সাহায্য কেন্দ্ৰই তাৰ তদাৰক কৰিছিল। পৰিয়ালৰ লোকৰ মতে, ২০০৭ চনৰ আশে-পাশে জ্বৰত আক্ৰান্ত হৈ নিয়ঙৰ মৃত্যু হৈছিল।<ref name="Kong Nyong, el niño que sobrevivió al buitre">{{cite news|title=Kong Nyong, el niño que sobrevivió al buitre|trans-title=Kong Nyong, The Boy Who Survived the Vulture|first=Alberto|last=Rojas|date=21 February 2011|access-date=29 August 2017|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/02/18/comunicacion/1298054483.html|work=এল মুণ্ডো|language=es}}</ref> এই ছবিখন আৰু ইয়াৰ সৈতে জড়িত নৈতিক তথা ৰাজনৈতিক প্ৰভাৱসমূহ সমাজতাত্ত্বিক বিদ্যায়তনিক জাৰ্নেলসমূহতো প্ৰকাশ পাইছে।<ref>{{Citation|last1=Kleinman|first1=Arthur|chapter=Cultural Appropriations of Suffering|date=2015-11-20|chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt183p6n7.28|title=Cultures of Fear|pages=288–303|access-date=2023-12-05|publisher=Pluto Books|isbn=978-1-84964-432-7|last2=Kleinman|first2=Joan|doi=10.2307/j.ctt183p6n7.28|chapter-url-access=subscription}}</ref> == অন্যান্য কাম == ১৯৯৪ চনৰ মাৰ্চ মাহত, দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাৰ সাধাৰণ নিৰ্বাচনৰ ঠিক পূৰ্বে, বোপুতাৎসৱানাত চলোৱা ব্যৰ্থ আক্ৰমণৰ সময়ত আফ্ৰিকানেৰ ৱীৰষ্টাণ্ডচবেৱেগিং (AWB)ৰ তিনিজন সদস্যক গুলীয়াই থকা অৱস্থাত কাৰ্টাৰে এখন আলোকচিত্ৰ তুলিছিল। এই ঘটনাৰ মাজভাগতে কাৰ্টাৰৰ কেমেৰাৰ ফিল্ম শেষ হৈ গৈছিল। ''দ্য গাৰ্ডিয়ান''ৰ ইমোন মেকেবে কয়: "এই ছবিখনে বিশ্বৰ প্ৰায় প্ৰতিখন বাতৰি কাকতৰ প্ৰথম পৃষ্ঠাত স্থান পাইছিল, যি আছিল সমগ্ৰ নিৰ্বাচনী প্ৰচাৰৰ একমাত্ৰ প্ৰকৃত আলোকচিত্ৰ।" <ref>{{cite web|author=Eamonn McCabe|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jul/30/kevin-carter-photojournalist-obituary-archive-1994|title=Photojournalist Kevin Carter dies – obituary: from the archive, 30 July 1994; Media|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=30 July 2014|access-date=27 October 2015}}</ref> == মৃত্যু == ফিচাৰ ফটোগ্ৰাফীৰ বাবে পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰাৰ চাৰে তিনি মাহ পিছত, ১৯৯৪ চনৰ ২৭ জুলাইত ৩৩ বছৰ বয়সত কাৰ্টাৰে কাৰ্বন মনোক্সাইড বিষক্ৰিয়াৰদ্বাৰা [[আত্মহত্যা]] কৰে।<ref name="pulitzer2016">{{cite news|title=Kevin Carter, a Pulitzer Winner for Sudan Photo, Is Dead at 33|work=[[দ্য নিউয়ৰ্ক টাইমছ]]|date=29 July 1994|access-date=2 September 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/29/world/kevin-carter-a-pulitzer-winner-for-sudan-photo-is-dead-at-33.html|last1=Keller|first1=Bill}}</ref><ref name="JohnCarlin">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-kevin-carter-1380732.html|first=John|last=Carlin|authorlink=John Carlin (journalist)|title=Obituary: Kevin Carter|work=[[The Independent]]|location=London|date=31 July 1994|access-date=3 December 2017}}</ref> দক্ষিণ আফ্ৰিকাৰ কেপ টাউনৰ ইমেৰিটছ আৰ্চবিশ্বপ ডেস্কমণ্ড টুটুয়ে কাৰ্টাৰৰ বিষয়ে লিখিছিল, "আৰু আমি মানসিকভাৱে আঘাতপ্ৰাপ্ত হোৱাৰ মূল্যৰ বিষয়ে অলপ হ’লেও জানো যিয়ে কিছুমানক আত্মহত্যাৰ দিশে ঠেলি দিছিল; হয়, এই মানুহবোৰ আছিল আটাইতকৈ প্ৰত্যাহ্বানজনক পৰিস্থিতিৰ মাজত কাম কৰা মানৱ সন্তান।" {{sfn|Tutu|2000|p=xi}} কাৰ্টাৰৰ আত্মহত্যাৰ টোকাটোত লিখা আছিল: {{blockquote|মই সঁচাকৈয়ে, বৰ দুঃখিত। জীৱনৰ যন্ত্ৰণাই আনন্দক ইমান দূৰলৈ তল পেলাই দিছে যে আনন্দৰ কোনো অস্তিত্বই নাই। ...হতাশাগ্ৰস্ত ... ফোন অবিহনে ... ভাড়াৰ পইচা নাই ... সন্তানৰ ভৰণ-পোষণৰ পইচা নাই ... ঋণৰ পইচা নাই ... পইচা!! ! ... মই হত্যাকাণ্ড, মৃতদেহ, ক্ৰোধ আৰু যন্ত্ৰণাৰ জীৱন্ত স্মৃতিৰদ্বাৰা খেদি ফুৰিছোঁ ... ভোকাতুৰ বা আহত শিশু, গুলী চলাবলৈ সদায় সাজু থকা উন্মাদ লোক (প্ৰায়ে আৰক্ষী), আৰু হত্যাকাৰী জল্লাদসকলৰ স্মৃতিয়ে মোক আমনি কৰে ... মই যদি ভাগ্যৱান হওঁ, কেনৰ সৈতে যোগ দিবলৈ গৈ আছোঁ। |author=কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ}} অন্তিম শাৰীটোৱে তেওঁৰ অলপতে মৃত্যুবৰণ কৰা সতীৰ্থ কেন ওষ্টাৰব্ৰুকক বুজাইছে।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|pp=195}} == জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত == ৰক বেণ্ড মেনিক ষ্ট্ৰীট প্ৰীচাৰ্ছৰ ১৯৯৬ চনৰ চতুৰ্থটো এলবাম ''এভ্ৰিথিং মাষ্ট গো''ৰ "কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ" গীতটো কাৰ্টাৰৰ জীৱন আৰু আত্মহত্যাৰদ্বাৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত আছিল।{{sfn|Newark|2013|p=96}} গীতৰ কথাখিনিয়ে কাৰ্টাৰৰ মানসিক যন্ত্ৰণা আৰু তেওঁৰ আলোকচিত্ৰই উত্থাপন কৰা জটিল নৈতিক প্ৰশ্নসমূহ অন্বেষণ কৰিছিল: 'Hi, Time magazine, hi, Pulitzer Prize/ Tribal scars in Technicolor Bang-bang club, AK-47 hour/ Kevin Carter Hi, Time magazine, hi, Pulitzer Prize/ Vulture stalked white piped lie forever/ Wasted your life in black and white'। এই কথাখিনি ৰিচি এডৱাৰ্ডছৰ অন্তৰ্ধানৰ ঠিক পূৰ্বে তেওঁ নিজেই লিখিছিল।{{sfn|Marinovich|Silva|2000|p=140}} ''হাউচ অব লিভ্ছ'' কিতাপখনৰ এটা মুখ্য চৰিত্ৰ 'উইল নেভিডছন' হৈছে এজন আলোকচিত্ৰ সাংবাদিক, যিয়ে এজনী ভোকাতুৰ চুদানিজ ছোৱালীৰ ছবিৰ বাবে পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা লাভ কৰাৰ পাছতো তাইক সহায় নকৰাৰ বাবে অনুশোচনাত দগ্ধ হৈছিল। কিতাপখনৰ পাদটীকা ৩৩৬-ত উল্লেখ কৰা হৈছে যে এইটো "স্পষ্টভাৱে কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰৰ [...] আলোকচিত্ৰৰ ওপৰত আধাৰিত।" <ref>{{cite book|last=Danielewski|first=Mark Z.|author-link=Mark Z. Danielewski|title=House of Leaves|date=2000|page=368|publisher=Doubleday|isbn=9780385603102}}</ref> আমেৰিকান হেভী মেটেল বেণ্ড চেভাটাজৰ ২০০১ চনৰ এলবাম ''পয়েটছ এণ্ড মেডমেন'' কাৰ্টাৰৰ জীৱন আৰু মৃত্যুৰদ্বাৰা অনুপ্ৰাণিত।<ref>{{cite web|title=The Official Savatage Homepage|url=http://www.savatage.com/bandinfo/faq3.html|access-date=18 August 2020|website=www.savatage.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190733/http://www.savatage.com/bandinfo/faq3.html|archivedate=29 October 2013|deadurl=yes}}</ref> ২০০০ চনৰ কিতাপ ''দ্য বেং-বেং ক্লাব: স্নেপশ্বটছ ফ্ৰম এ হিডেন ৱাৰ''ৰ চলচ্চিত্ৰ ৰূপান্তৰ ২০১০ চনৰ ''দ্য বেং বেং ক্লাব'' নামৰ বোলছবিখনত কানাডিয়ান অভিনেতা টেলৰ কিট্ছে কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰিছিল।<ref>[https://collider.com/taylor-kitsch-interview-the-bang-bang-club/ Taylor Kitsch Interview THE BANG BANG CLUB], Valnet, 20 April 2011</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== {{Reflist}} == অধিক পঢ়ক == * {{cite book |last1= Fujiwara |first1= Aiko |date= 2005 |title= Ehagaki Ni Sareta Shōnen |trans-title= পোষ্টকাৰ্ড বয় (Postcard Boy) |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=boPSAAAACAAJ |location= চিয়োডা, টকিঅ’, জাপান |publisher= শ্বুইছা (Shueisha) |isbn= 4-08-781338-X }} * ''দ্য ডেথ অৱ কেভিন কাৰ্টাৰ: কেজুৱেল্টী অৱ দ্য বেং বেং ক্লাব'' (The Death of Kevin Carter: Casualty of the Bang Bang Club), [[এইচবিঅ’]] (HBO) তথ্যচিত্ৰ। ১৭ আগষ্ট ২০০৬ == বাহ্যিক সংযোগ == * [https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2009/04/15/arts/15jaar_CA0.ready.html চুদনৰ ছোৱালীজনীৰ পুলিৎজাৰ বঁটা বিজয়ী আলোকচিত্ৰ] [[শ্ৰেণী:চুদানী ব্যক্তি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফটোগ্ৰাফাৰ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ফটো সাংবাদিক]] jy48zme1wzcpjaehxpx454kkdgt20ii 0 140358 646087 645973 2026-10-19T17:54:38Z InternetArchiveBot 29706 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 646087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | name = আজিম চৌধুৰী জমিদাৰ বাৰী | native_name = দুলাই জমিদাৰী, পাবনা | native_name_lang = | former_names = | alternate_names = আজিম চৌধুৰী জমিদাৰ বাৰী | image = azimChow3.jpg | image_alt = | image_size = | caption = দৰবাৰ চোতাল | location = [[চুজানগৰ উপজিলা]] | address = দুলাই | location_town = [[চুজানগৰ উপজিলা]], [[পাবনা জিলা]] | location_country = Bangladesh | coordinates = {{coord|23|56|54.1|N|89|31|02.7|E|region:BD-13_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=inline,title}} | altitude = | status = | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | completion_date = | opened_date = 1700s | inauguration_date = | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | landlord = | owner = ৰহিমুদ্দিন চৌধুৰী | cost = | floor_area = | top_floor = | floor_count = | parking = | embedded = | references = | pushpin_relief = | building_type = বাসস্থান | architectural_style = | structural_system = | current_tenants = | roof = | observatory = | other_dimensions = | seating_type = | seating_capacity = | elevator_count = | renovation_date = | ren_cost = | closing_date = | relocated_date = | material = ইটা, শিল, ৰদ | grounds_area = | number_of_rooms = }} '''আজিম চৌধুৰী জমিদাৰ বাৰী''' পাবনা জিলাৰ সুজানগৰৰ দুলাই গাঁৱত অৱস্থিত এক ঐতিহাসিক জমিদাৰী আৰু বঙালী পৰিয়াল।<ref>{{cite book|language=bn|title=বৃহত্তৰ পাবনা জেলাৰ প্ৰত্নতাত্ত্বিক জৰিপ প্ৰতিৱেদন|author1=Khaliquzzaman, Muhammad|author2=Ahmed, Nazimuddin|author3=Ali, Mohammad|year=1997|page=55|publisher=[[Department of Archaeology (Bangladesh)|Department of Archaeology]]}}</ref> {{Quote box|quote=<poem>আমি ও পটু মিয়া চাচা বাড়ি থাকি। মছজেদে পড়িয়া কত হইয়াছি সুখী॥ লতিফুল্লা মিয়া সঙ্গে থাকিয়া হামেসা। চৌধুৰী আজিমেৰ কত পাইয়াছি ভালোবাসা॥</poem>|source=''Azim Chowdhury'' written by Haji Badruddin in 1298 [[Islamic calendar|A.H.]] (1880-1881 CE).<ref name=dnd>{{cite news|trans-title=Zamindar Azim Chowdhury's memories stay awake|url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/diganta-shahitto/557546/-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE|title=জমিদাৰ আজিম চৌধুৰী জেগে থাকে স্মৃতিৰা|language=bn|last=Pintu|first=Dr. Ashraf|date=22 January 2021|work=[[Daily Naya Diganta]]}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}} ==ইতিহাস== ===শ্বাৰফুদ্দিন সৰকাৰ আৰু ৰহিমুদ্দিন চৌধুৰী=== ২৫০ বছৰ পূৰ্বে পাবনাৰ সুজানগৰৰ দুলাই গাঁৱত মুনছি ৰহিমুদ্দিন সৰকাৰ (১৭২২-১৮১৫) নামৰ এজন মুছলমান অভিজাত ব্যক্তিয়ে প্ৰতিষ্ঠা কৰিছিল জমিদাৰ ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদ। তেওঁৰ পিতৃ শ্বাৰফুদ্দিন সৰকাৰে তুৰ্কেস্তানৰ সমৰকন্দৰপৰা প্ৰব্ৰজন কৰি দুলাই (আহলাদিপুৰ গাঁও)ত বসতি স্থাপন কৰে। ৰহিমুদ্দিন নাটোৰৰ ৰাজশাহী কালেক্টৰেট কাৰ্যালয়ৰ চেৰেষ্টাদাৰ আৰু পেশ্বকাৰ (উপমন্ত্ৰী) আছিল,<ref>{{cite book|title=Chalanbiler Itikatha|language=bn|year=1967|author=Abdul Hamid, Mohammad|page=178|publisher=Amader Desh Prakashani}}</ref> আৰু আৰবী আৰু পাৰ্চী ভাষাত পাকৈত মুন্সী আছিল। পিছলৈ তেওঁক চৌধুৰী উপাধি প্ৰদান কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sujanagar.pabna.gov.bd/bn/site/page/AEIX-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%90%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF|title=উপজেলাৰ ঐতিহ্য: দুলাই আজিম চৌধুৰীৰ জমিদাৰ বাড়ী|trans-title=Tradition of the upazila: Dulai Zamindar house of Azim Chowdhury|access-date=16 March 2022|language=bn|website=Sujanagar Upazela}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ১৮০২ চনত তেওঁ এই বাগিছাখনত এটা মছজিদ নিৰ্মাণ কৰে যিটো আজিও আছে।<ref name=dnd/><ref>{{cite book|title=পাবনাৰ ঐতিহাসিক ইমাৰত|language=bn|author=Begum, Ayesha|publisher=[[University Grants Commission (Bangladesh)|University Grants Commission]]|year=2002}}</ref> ===আজিম চৌধুৰী=== জমিদাৰীয়ে তেওঁৰ পুত্ৰ আৰু উত্তৰাধিকাৰী ফখৰুদ্দিন আহলে আহছান আজিম চৌধুৰী (১৭৯০-১৮৮০)ৰ অধীনত সুনাম অৰ্জন কৰে, যাক মৌলৱী আজিমুদ্দিন চৌধুৰী বা সৰলভাৱে আজিম চৌধুৰী বুলিও কোৱা হয়।<ref>{{cite book|language=bn|page=423|title=[[Islami Bishwakosh]]|editor=[[Abdul Haque Faridi|Faridi, Abdul Haque]]|publisher=[[Islamic Foundation Bangladesh]]|volume=14}}</ref> তেওঁ দুলাইত তিনিটা নীল কাৰখানা স্থাপন কৰিছিল আৰু তেওঁৰ দাতব্য কামৰ বাবেও সুপৰিচিত আছিল। উইলিয়াম উইলছন হাণ্টাৰৰ এ ষ্টেটিষ্টিক্যাল একাউণ্ট অৱ বেংগলৰ মতে দুলাই ডিচপেন্সেৰীখন আজিম চৌধুৰীৰ "সম্পূৰ্ণ সমৰ্থিত" আছিল।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amadersujanagar.com/%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%ae%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%a6%e0%a6%be%e0%a6%b0-%e0%a6%86%e0%a6%9c%e0%a6%bf%e0%a6%ae-%e0%a6%9a%e0%a7%8c%e0%a6%a7%e0%a7%81%e0%a6%b0%e0%a7%80/|language=bn|website=Amader Sujanagar|author=Husayn, Altab|date=11 August 2021|title=জমিদাৰ আজিম চৌধুৰী (১ম পৰ্ব)}}</ref> ১৮৬৭ চনৰ অক্টোবৰ মাহত স্থাপন কৰা এই ঔষধালয়খন সেই সময়ত পাবনা জিলাৰ তিনিখন ঔষধৰ দোকানৰ ভিতৰত অন্যতম আছিল।<ref>{{cite book|title=Bangladesh District Gazetteers: Pabna|year=1978|page=173|publisher=[[Bangladesh Government Press]]|editor=Ministry of Cabinet Affairs: Establishment Division}}</ref> ==বৰ্তমান দিন== বৰ্তমান এই জমিদাৰ ঘৰটো ধ্বংসাৱশেষ যদিও বৰ্তমান এই জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ বংশধৰসকলে ইয়াৰ ৰক্ষণাবেক্ষণ কৰি আছে।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/10/30/pabna-zamindar-bari-turns-ruin|title=Pabna Zamindar Bari turns to ruin|author=Khandaker, Muhammad Emroz|location=[[Pabna, Bangladesh|Pabna]]|date=30 October 2016}}</ref> দৰাচলতে ১৯৫০ চনৰ পূব বংগ ৰাজ্যিক অধিগ্ৰহণ আৰু ভাড়াতীয়া আইনৰ জৰিয়তে জমিদাৰী ব্যৱস্থা বিলুপ্ত কৰাৰ পাছত ই চৰকাৰৰ অধীনস্থ হৈ পৰিল। পিছলৈ এই জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ বংশধৰসকলে ফাৰুক হুছেইন চৌধুৰী আৰু আহছান জান চৌধুৰীৰ দৰে দীঘলীয়া আইনী প্ৰক্ৰিয়াৰে ১৯৯৪ চনত এই বাগিছাখন ঘূৰাই পালে। তেতিয়াৰপৰাই তেওঁলোকে এই ৰাজপ্ৰাসাদৰ ৰক্ষণাবেক্ষণৰ দায়িত্ব লয়।<ref>[http://ittefaq.com.bd দৈনিক ইত্তেফাক]</ref> ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:ঐতিহাসিক কীৰ্তিচিহ্ন]] [[শ্ৰেণী:ৰাজশাহী]] k3fcwnwrvi0gzxt5x2anp0wjvlzhixs 0 140363 646074 2026-10-19T17:35:04Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 646074 wikitext text/x-wiki '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।[1] এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।[2] দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।[1][3][4] এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।[3] সিন্দূৰ খেলাক বিজয়দশমীৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।[5] dpkphymsolxvxbu2u43e7k8x5oy1onr 646075 646074 2026-10-19T17:41:33Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 646075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।[1] এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।[2] দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।[1][3][4] এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।[3] সিন্দূৰ খেলাক বিজয়দশমীৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।[5] ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তাছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] nmx74bma43ez01u45i8qjw29s68ivst 646076 646075 2026-10-19T17:41:46Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* সমালোচনা */ 646076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।[1] এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।[2] দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।[1][3][4] এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।[3] সিন্দূৰ খেলাক বিজয়দশমীৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।[5] ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] kk98mvcddkn3bpspkttjx3juuftud69 646077 646076 2026-10-19T17:42:22Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 646077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সিঁদুর খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = Sindur Khela at [[Nagaon]], [[Assam]] |status = |genre = Tradition |date = [[Vijayadashami]] |frequency = Annual |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[India]], [[Bangladesh]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।[1] এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।[2] দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।[1][3][4] এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।[3] সিন্দূৰ খেলাক বিজয়দশমীৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।[5] ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] 3rqgzv7b91nv62y6mvni025qr9j3bn2 646078 646077 2026-10-19T17:43:36Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 646078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসমৰ]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।[1] এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।[2] দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।[1][3][4] এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।[3] সিন্দূৰ খেলাক বিজয়দশমীৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।[5] ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] icrbvn14jr726ps1ejcvrfa364jt8bk 646079 646078 2026-10-19T17:44:37Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 646079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।[1] এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।[2] দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।[1][3][4] এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।[3] সিন্দূৰ খেলাক বিজয়দশমীৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।[5] ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] 48vv7ily2sekxi2761xmwykrr6fy9d7 646080 646079 2026-10-19T17:46:27Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* উৎপত্তি */ 646080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয় দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] 6n1loqoxgx41lb6wk7szdz2btcv1gl3 646081 646080 2026-10-19T17:46:42Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* উৎপত্তি */ 646081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] 55rrbh84med9wgrcwkuc2skuj0qon6s 646082 646081 2026-10-19T17:46:58Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* উৎপত্তি */ 646082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] 0udk0po4et4l1des1s3inc4kpliq7q0 646083 646082 2026-10-19T17:47:58Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান */ 646083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] lbcydyagj8q6c7717bo2yk92hadmhg1 646084 646083 2026-10-19T17:49:24Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান */ 646084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।[6] প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।[3] ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।[7] তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,[7] পালা[7] আৰু নোয়া,[8] ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।[7] সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত অভিনয় কৰে তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহ'ব।[9] [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] c8huglvntfd3nxg4465l8y1wm4yelq7 646085 646084 2026-10-19T17:52:47Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান */ 646085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।[1][6] পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।[2] অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।[10] পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।[11] পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।[12] ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] spqy3i94snf682o76x553q0yklllcte 646086 646085 2026-10-19T17:54:38Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান */ 646086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।[8] বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।[8] p8s4lzhq1mpboufw9q8xldxz010d5nn 646088 646086 2026-10-19T17:55:12Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* সমালোচনা */ 646088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> jp40afzm3rtd5agdykzq82oef9p4lkz 646089 646088 2026-10-19T17:55:56Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* সমালোচনা */ 646089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== 0mm3vk7bf55a2ubdrv2yeaxw7hyj8mo 646090 646089 2026-10-19T17:56:59Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত */ 646090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== প্ৰতি বছৰে উত্তৰ মধ্য কলকাতাৰ মণিকতাল্লা চলতাগান লোহাপট্টি পূজা পণ্ডলত টলিউডৰ অভিনেত্ৰীকে ধৰি কলকাতাস্থিত চেলিব্ৰিটিসকলে সিন্দুৰ খেলাত লিপ্ত হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|script-title=bn:ছবির গ্যালারি: সেলেবদের সিঁদুর খেলা|date=15 October 2016|work=Khabor Online|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213339/http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref> trwywh6ri7mrx6o083v2xmxj2o88opg 646091 646090 2026-10-19T17:57:47Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত */ 646091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== প্ৰতি বছৰে উত্তৰ মধ্য কলকাতাৰ মণিকতাল্লা চলতাগান লোহাপট্টি পূজা পণ্ডলত টলিউডৰ অভিনেত্ৰীকে ধৰি কলকাতাস্থিত চেলিব্ৰিটিসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত ভাগ লয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|script-title=bn:ছবির গ্যালারি: সেলেবদের সিঁদুর খেলা|date=15 October 2016|work=Khabor Online|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213339/http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref> সেন্দূৰ খেলা এক ৰঙীন, স্পন্দনশীল আৰু দৰ্শনীয় অনুষ্ঠান আৰু সেয়েহে ই ভাৰতীয় ছবিৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দু হৈ আহিছে।<ref name="it27092017"/> 0fo9v6vgxvedq7are1iibd2mifpu4a9 646093 646091 2026-10-19T17:58:40Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত */ 646093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== প্ৰতি বছৰে উত্তৰ মধ্য কলকাতাৰ মণিকতাল্লা চলতাগান লোহাপট্টি পূজা পণ্ডলত টলিউডৰ অভিনেত্ৰীকে ধৰি কলকাতাস্থিত চেলিব্ৰিটিসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত ভাগ লয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|script-title=bn:ছবির গ্যালারি: সেলেবদের সিঁদুর খেলা|date=15 October 2016|work=Khabor Online|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213339/http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref> সেন্দূৰ খেলা এক ৰঙীন, স্পন্দনশীল আৰু দৰ্শনীয় অনুষ্ঠান আৰু সেয়েহে ই ভাৰতীয় ছবিৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দু হৈ আহিছে।<ref name="it27092017"/>এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ নামেৰে কিছুমান ছবি আৰু চাবোনৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছে। jf7d0c965dgyvu862pe1pnep73kyibt 646094 646093 2026-10-19T17:59:51Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত */ 646094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== প্ৰতি বছৰে উত্তৰ মধ্য কলকাতাৰ মণিকতাল্লা চলতাগান লোহাপট্টি পূজা পণ্ডলত টলিউডৰ অভিনেত্ৰীকে ধৰি কলকাতাস্থিত চেলিব্ৰিটিসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত ভাগ লয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|script-title=bn:ছবির গ্যালারি: সেলেবদের সিঁদুর খেলা|date=15 October 2016|work=Khabor Online|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213339/http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref> সেন্দূৰ খেলা এক ৰঙীন, স্পন্দনশীল আৰু দৰ্শনীয় অনুষ্ঠান আৰু সেয়েহে ই ভাৰতীয় ছবিৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দু হৈ আহিছে।<ref name="it27092017"/>এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ নামেৰে কিছুমান ছবি আৰু টিভি অভিনয় অনুষ্ঠানৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছে। gb7m9z8jr502ssw68sscbfkxhgyfl2i 646095 646094 2026-10-19T18:00:06Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত */ 646095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== প্ৰতি বছৰে উত্তৰ মধ্য কলকাতাৰ মণিকতাল্লা চলতাগান লোহাপট্টি পূজা পণ্ডলত টলিউডৰ অভিনেত্ৰীকে ধৰি কলকাতাস্থিত চেলিব্ৰিটিসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত ভাগ লয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|script-title=bn:ছবির গ্যালারি: সেলেবদের সিঁদুর খেলা|date=15 October 2016|work=Khabor Online|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213339/http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref> সেন্দূৰ খেলা এক ৰঙীন, স্পন্দনশীল আৰু দৰ্শনীয় অনুষ্ঠান আৰু সেয়েহে ই ভাৰতীয় ছবিৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দু হৈ আহিছে।<ref name="it27092017"/>এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ নামেৰে কিছুমান ছবি আৰু টিভি অভিনয় অনুষ্ঠানৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== fzg0ub6kkaubdtpnejc85uhelreihs3 646096 646095 2026-10-19T18:00:22Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 added [[Category:লোক-সংস্কৃতি]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা য’ত দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন বিজয়দশমীত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগায়। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰদিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== প্ৰতি বছৰে উত্তৰ মধ্য কলকাতাৰ মণিকতাল্লা চলতাগান লোহাপট্টি পূজা পণ্ডলত টলিউডৰ অভিনেত্ৰীকে ধৰি কলকাতাস্থিত চেলিব্ৰিটিসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত ভাগ লয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|script-title=bn:ছবির গ্যালারি: সেলেবদের সিঁদুর খেলা|date=15 October 2016|work=Khabor Online|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213339/http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref> সেন্দূৰ খেলা এক ৰঙীন, স্পন্দনশীল আৰু দৰ্শনীয় অনুষ্ঠান আৰু সেয়েহে ই ভাৰতীয় ছবিৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দু হৈ আহিছে।<ref name="it27092017"/>এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ নামেৰে কিছুমান ছবি আৰু টিভি অভিনয় অনুষ্ঠানৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:লোক-সংস্কৃতি]] dc1ny72jy7r5yk1vtwd8z9t1pge0942 646097 646096 2026-10-19T18:01:55Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 646097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই কৰা এক বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰ দিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়দশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাস্তমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহিছিল।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== প্ৰতি বছৰে উত্তৰ মধ্য কলকাতাৰ মণিকতাল্লা চলতাগান লোহাপট্টি পূজা পণ্ডলত টলিউডৰ অভিনেত্ৰীকে ধৰি কলকাতাস্থিত চেলিব্ৰিটিসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত ভাগ লয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|script-title=bn:ছবির গ্যালারি: সেলেবদের সিঁদুর খেলা|date=15 October 2016|work=Khabor Online|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213339/http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref> সেন্দূৰ খেলা এক ৰঙীন, স্পন্দনশীল আৰু দৰ্শনীয় অনুষ্ঠান আৰু সেয়েহে ই ভাৰতীয় ছবিৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দু হৈ আহিছে।<ref name="it27092017"/>এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ নামেৰে কিছুমান ছবি আৰু টিভি অভিনয় অনুষ্ঠানৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:লোক-সংস্কৃতি]] ga6myafvijza5unzc6556tlqfnco1mx 646098 646097 2026-10-19T18:04:09Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 /* সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান */ 646098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox recurring event |name = Sindur Khela |native_name = সেন্দূৰ খেলা |native_name_lang = bn |logo = |logo_alt = |logo_caption = |logo_size = |image = Bijoya Dashami.jpg |image_size = 200 |alt = |caption = [[অসম]]ৰ [[নগাঁও জিলা]]ত সেন্দূৰ খেলা |status = |genre = পৰম্পৰাগত |date = [[বিজয়া দশমী]] |frequency = বাৰ্ষিক |venue = Durga Puja pandal |location = |country = [[ভাৰত]], [[বাংলাদেশ]] |footnotes = }} '''সেন্দূৰ খেলা''', আক্ষৰিক অৰ্থত ‘সেন্দূৰৰ খেল’, দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ শেষ দিন [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই কৰা এক বাঙালী হিন্দু পৰম্পৰা। [[বিজয়াদশমী]]ৰ দিনা বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাই দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সিন্দূৰ লগাই মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সিন্দূৰ লগাই ইজনে সিজনক মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়। [[File:New Normal Durga Puja 2021 in Kolkata at Manikanchan apartment IMG 20211015 230005.jpg|thumb|কলকাতাত সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] ==উৎপত্তি== এই পৰম্পৰাৰ সঠিক তাৰিখ আৰু উৎপত্তিস্থল জনা নাযায়।<ref name="toi17102010">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Women-to-pay-sindur-khela-today/articleshow/6761373.cms|title=Women to pay 'sindur khela' today|date=17 October 2010|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co.|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Lucknow}}</ref> এটা তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি প্ৰায় ২০০ বছৰ আগতে জমিদাৰ ঘৰৰ দুৰ্গা পূজাত গৃহিণীসকলৰ মাজত আনন্দোৎসৱৰ সূচনা কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ উৎপত্তি হৈছিল।<ref name="durgotsav.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.durgautsav.com/sindoor-khela/|title=Sindur Khela or Sindoor Khela|date=27 September 2014 |access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> দ্বিতীয় তত্ত্ব অনুসৰি সিন্দূৰ খেলাৰ পৰম্পৰা দুৰ্গা পূজাৰ দৰেই পুৰণি, প্ৰায় ৪০০ বছৰ।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="boldsky">{{cite web|url=https://www.boldsky.com/yoga-spirituality/faith-mysticism/2016/significance-of-sindoor-khela-106485.html|title=Significance Of Sindoor Khela|date=11 October 2016|work=boldsky.com|publisher=Greynium Information Technologies|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nagpurtoday.in/sindoor-khela-visarjan-mark-durgas-farewell-in-nagpur/10251027|title='Sindoor khela', 'visarjan' mark Durga's farewell in Nagpur|date=25 October 2012|work=Nagpur Today|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Nagpur}}</ref> এই অনুষ্ঠানটো খেলৰ দৰেই উপভোগ কৰা হয় আৰু সেয়েহে ইয়াৰ নাম সিন্দূৰ খেলা।<ref name="boldsky"/> সিন্দূৰ খেলাক [[বিজয়া দশমী]]ৰ অন্যতম গুৰুত্বপূৰ্ণ অনুষ্ঠান হিচাপে গণ্য কৰা হয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/dussehra-vijayadashami-2017-date-puja-vidhi-muhurat-timings-preparation/874429/|title=Dussehra (Vijayadashami) 2017: Date, Puja Vidhi, Muhurat Timings, Preparation|date=30 September 2017|work=Financial Express|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমসাময়িক অনুষ্ঠান== [[File:Sindoor Khela-011.jpg|thumb|দিল্লীৰ পূজা মণ্ডপত বঙালী মহিলাসকলৰ সেন্দূৰ খেলা]] বিসৰ্জন পূজাৰ সৈতে দেৱীক উদ্দেশ্যি কৰা পৰম্পৰাৰ সামৰণি পৰে। ইয়াৰ পিছতে দেৱী বৰণ, য’ত বিবাহিত মহিলাসকলে দেৱীক বিদায় দিয়ে। মহিলাসকলে সাধাৰণতে ৰঙা পাৰিযুক্ত বগা শাৰী পিন্ধি পৰম্পৰাগত গহনাৰে নিজকে সজ্জিত কৰে।<ref name="ndtv">{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/food/durga-puja-2017-the-significance-of-sindur-khela-or-sindoor-daan-on-vijayadashami-1756108|title=Durga Puja 2017 :The Significance of Sindur Khela or Sindoor Daan on Vijayadashami|last=Sengupta|first=Sushmita|date=29 September 2017|work=NDTV|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> প্ৰতিগৰাকী মহিলাই আৰতি কৰি দেৱীৰ কপাল আৰু ভৰিত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপন দিয়ে। তেওঁক মিঠাই আৰু পাণ আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="boldsky"/> ইয়াৰ পিছত মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগায়।<ref name="indiavivid">{{cite web|url=http://indiavivid.com/sindoor-khela-married-bengali-womens-favorite-ceremony/|title=Sindoor-Khela: All Married Bengali Women's Favorite Ceremony|work=IndiaVivid|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> তাৰ পিছত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনৰ শংখ,<ref name="indiavivid"/> পালা<ref name="indiavivid"/> আৰু নোয়া,<ref name="it27092017">{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/culture/story/durga-puja-sindoor-khela-ritual-vijaya-dashami-married-hindu-women-lifest-1053561-2017-09-27|title=Durga Puja 2017: Here's why Bengali women play with sindoor on Vijaya Dashami|last=Goswami|first=Shreya|date=27 September 2017|work=India Today|access-date=1 October 2017}}</ref> ক্ৰমে শংখৰ খাৰু, প্ৰবাল আৰু লোহাৰ খাৰুত সেন্দূৰ লগায়; এইবোৰ বিবাহিত বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে পিন্ধে। তাৰ পিছত ইজনে সিজনৰ মুখত সেন্দূৰৰ লেপ দিয়ে। শেষত তেওঁলোকে ইজনে সিজনক প্ৰসাদ হিচাপে মিঠাই আগবঢ়ায়।<ref name="indiavivid"/> সাধাৰণ বিশ্বাস অনুসৰি যদি কোনো মহিলাই সঠিক প্ৰথা অনুসৰণ কৰি সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ চৰিত্ৰত ভাগ লয় তেন্তে তেওঁ কেতিয়াও বিধৱা নহয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|script-title=bn:বিসর্জনের আগে সিঁদুর খেলার কারণ জেনে নিন|date=30 September 2017|work=Kolkata24x7|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=2 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002031820/https://www.kolkata24x7.com/why-bengali-women-play-with-sindoor-on-vijaya-dashami.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Sindoor Khela in Sainthia.jpg|thumb|পশ্চিম বংগৰ সেন্টিয়াত সিন্দুৰ খেলাৰ পিছত ফটোৰ বাবে থিয় দিয়া মহিলা]] সেন্দূৰ খেলাই স্বামী আৰু সন্তানক সকলো কুপ্ৰভাৱৰপৰা ৰক্ষা কৰাৰ ক্ষেত্ৰত নাৰীত্বৰ শক্তিৰ প্ৰতীক। সেন্দূৰ খেলাৰ অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে বঙালী হিন্দু মহিলাসকলে ইজনে সিজনৰ দীৰ্ঘ আৰু সুখী বিবাহিত জীৱনৰ বাবে প্ৰাৰ্থনা কৰে।<ref name="toi17102010"/><ref name="ndtv"/> পাৰিবাৰিক কাজিয়া আৰু ওচৰ-চুবুৰীয়াৰ মাজত হোৱা ক্ষুদ্ৰ কাজিয়া এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ জৰিয়তে নিষ্পত্তি কৰা হয়।<ref name="durgotsav.com"/> অবিবাহিত মহিলা আৰু বিধৱাক এই অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰাত বাধা দিয়া হৈছে, কিন্তু শেহতীয়াকৈ কলিকতা টাইমছৰ এক অভিযানে কেৱল মহিলাৰ প্ৰথাক পুনৰ সজীৱ কৰি তুলিছে - সেয়া বিবাহিত, বিধৱা, হিজড়া ব্যক্তি হওক বা ৰেড লাইট অঞ্চলৰ মহিলাই হওক, সেন্দূৰৰ সৈতে খেলা-ধূলা কৰি দেখুৱাবলৈ দি কোৱা হৈছে যে এইটো সকলো মহিলাৰ বাবে এক সাৰ্বজনীন বন্ধন, সকলো ভগ্নীৰ বাবে আৰু কেৱল বিবাহিত মহিলাৰ মাজত সীমাবদ্ধ নহয়।<ref name="newsgram">{{cite web|url=https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|title=Sindoor Khela: Bengali women play with sindoor on vijayadashami|date=29 September 2017|work=NewsGram.com|access-date=30 September 2017|location=Chicago|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074239/https://www.newsgram.com/sindur-khela-the-durga-puja-vermilion-play/|url-status=dead}}</ref> পশ্চিমবংগৰ কোনো কোনো ঠাইত বিজয়াদশমীৰ আগতে সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। দুবৰাজপুৰত মহাসপ্তমীৰদিনাই সেন্দূৰ খেলা পালন কৰা হয়। নৱপত্ৰিকা স্নান কৰি তাৰ পিছৰ ৰীতি-নীতি পূজা কৰি দেৱীৰ কপালত সেন্দূৰ লগোৱা হয়। ইয়াৰ পিছত বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত নিয়োজিত হয়।<ref name="eisamay27092017">{{cite news|url=http://eisamay.indiatimes.com/special-coverage/durga-puja/bengali-durga-puja/strange-rituals-of-durga-puja-of-dubrajpur/articleshow/60854392.cms|script-title=bn:সপ্তমীতৈ সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানকার মহিলারা|last=Karmakar|first=Rajat|date=27 September 2017|work=Ei Samay|publisher=Bennett Coleman & Co|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> পূৰ্বা বৰধমন জিলাৰ মেমাৰীৰ সমীপৰ বিজৰা গাঁৱত ঘোষ আৰু বসু পৰিয়ালৰ পাৰিবাৰিক পূজাত মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰা হয়। এই পৰম্পৰা প্ৰায় ৫০০ বছৰ পুৰণি। মহাষ্টমীৰদিনা আচাৰ-ব্যৱহাৰৰ পূজাৰ অন্তত গাঁওখনৰ সমগ্ৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলা উদ্‌যাপন কৰে। এই অনুষ্ঠান চাবলৈ কাষৰীয়া অঞ্চলৰপৰা বহু লোক বিজৰালৈ আহে।<ref name="ebela09102017">{{cite news|url=https://ebela.in/events/durga-puja/bonedi-barir-pujo/sindur-khela-in-mahashtami-in-bardhaman-dgtl-1.492789|script-title=bn:বিজয়া নয়, মহাষ্টমীতেই সিঁদুর খেলেন এখানে এয়োরা, ভিডিও দেখুন|last=Chandra|first=Patralekha|date=9 October 2016|work=Ebela|publisher=ABP Group|language=bn|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> ==সমালোচনা== এই অনুষ্ঠানটোক [[তছলিমা নাছৰিন|তছলিমা নাচৰিনে]] পিতৃতান্ত্ৰিক প্ৰকৃতিৰ বুলি সমালোচনা কৰিছে, কাৰণ দেৱীৰ লগতে মহিলাসকলৰ বিবাহিত মৰ্যাদাৰ ওপৰতো অতিমাত্ৰা গুৰুত্ব দিয়া হৈছে।<ref name="it27092017" /> বঙালী হিন্দু ছোৱালীবোৰে তেওঁলোকৰ পৰিয়ালৰ বিবাহিতা মহিলাসকলে এই চঞ্চল অনুষ্ঠানত অংশগ্ৰহণ কৰা দেখি ডাঙৰ হয়, যিয়ে তেওঁলোকৰ মাজত বিয়া নোহোৱাকৈয়ে জীৱনটো অসম্পূৰ্ণ হোৱাৰ অনুভৱৰ সৃষ্টি কৰে। সমালোচকসকলে অনুভৱ কৰে যে ইয়াৰ ফলত যুৱতীসকলৰ ওপৰত পশ্চাদপসৰণশীল প্ৰভাৱ পৰিব পাৰে।<ref name="it27092017" /> ==জনপ্ৰিয় সংস্কৃতিত== প্ৰতি বছৰে উত্তৰ মধ্য কলকাতাৰ মণিকতাল্লা চলতাগান লোহাপট্টি পূজা পণ্ডলত টলিউডৰ অভিনেত্ৰীকে ধৰি কলকাতাস্থিত চেলিব্ৰিটিসকলে সেন্দূৰ খেলাত ভাগ লয়।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|script-title=bn:ছবির গ্যালারি: সেলেবদের সিঁদুর খেলা|date=15 October 2016|work=Khabor Online|language=bn|access-date=1 October 2017|archive-date=1 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213339/http://www.khaboronline.com/picture-gallery/celebrity-sindur-khela-at-chaltabagan-2016/|url-status=dead}}</ref> সেন্দূৰ খেলা এক ৰঙীন, স্পন্দনশীল আৰু দৰ্শনীয় অনুষ্ঠান আৰু সেয়েহে ই ভাৰতীয় ছবিৰ কেন্দ্ৰবিন্দু হৈ আহিছে।<ref name="it27092017"/>এই অনুষ্ঠানৰ নামেৰে কিছুমান ছবি আৰু টিভি অভিনয় অনুষ্ঠানৰ নাম দিয়া হৈছে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:লোক-সংস্কৃতি]] 4331i3rw9zek89t1u6kipdlvbmo4x5r 0 140364 646101 2026-10-19T18:10:42Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 পৃষ্ঠা [[দুবৰি বন]]ৰ পৰা [[দূবৰি বন]]লৈ Pranamikaadhikaryয়ে স্থানান্তৰ কৰিলে: Misspelled title 646101 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[দূবৰি বন]] r1vvdp2eu5vdyub9k7rgoqc2gpio64q 0 140365 646106 2026-10-19T18:16:26Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 [[ৱিকিপিডিয়া:লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰক|লাচিত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰকৰ]] সহায়ত বৰ্ণাশুদ্ধি নিবাৰণ কৰা হ’ল। 646106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ঝুমকা''' প্ৰাচীন ভাৰতত উৎপত্তি হোৱা ঘণ্টা আকৃতিৰ কাণফুলি[1]। [[ভাৰত]], [[পাকিস্তান]], [[বাংলাদেশ]], [[শ্ৰীলংকা]] আৰু [[নেপাল]]ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে এইবোৰ পৰিধান কৰা হয় ==উৎপত্তি আৰু বিৱৰ্তন== ঝুমকাৰ উৎপত্তি দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰ চোলা বংশৰ মন্দিৰৰ ভাস্কৰ্য্যত খোদিত গহনাবোৰৰপৰাই পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতনাট্যম প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ সময়ত পৰম্পৰাগত নৃত্যশিল্পীসকলেও ইয়াক আলংকাৰিক কাণফুলি হিচাপে পিন্ধে। [2][3] মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত ঝুমকাৰ ডিজাইনটো অধিক সমৃদ্ধিশালী কৰিবলৈ অধিক বিৱৰ্তন ঘটিছিল।{{cn}}। ঝুমকা ভাৰত, পাকিস্তান, বাংলাদেশ, শ্ৰীলংকা, আৰু নেপালৰ অন্যতম জনপ্ৰিয়প্ৰকাৰৰ গহনা হৈয়েই আছে।{{cn}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== mvtj2oc6js3zkdfyvffmroh5uc8q0nh 646107 646106 2026-10-19T18:16:58Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 646107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ঝুমকা''' প্ৰাচীন ভাৰতত উৎপত্তি হোৱা ঘণ্টা আকৃতিৰ কাণফুলি[1]। [[ভাৰত]], [[পাকিস্তান]], [[বাংলাদেশ]], [[শ্ৰীলংকা]] আৰু [[নেপাল]]ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে এইবোৰ পৰিধান কৰা হয় [[File:Kharanphool Jhumka.jpg|thumb]] ==উৎপত্তি আৰু বিৱৰ্তন== ঝুমকাৰ উৎপত্তি দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰ চোলা বংশৰ মন্দিৰৰ ভাস্কৰ্য্যত খোদিত গহনাবোৰৰপৰাই পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতনাট্যম প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ সময়ত পৰম্পৰাগত নৃত্যশিল্পীসকলেও ইয়াক আলংকাৰিক কাণফুলি হিচাপে পিন্ধে। [2][3] মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত ঝুমকাৰ ডিজাইনটো অধিক সমৃদ্ধিশালী কৰিবলৈ অধিক বিৱৰ্তন ঘটিছিল।{{cn}}। ঝুমকা ভাৰত, পাকিস্তান, বাংলাদেশ, শ্ৰীলংকা, আৰু নেপালৰ অন্যতম জনপ্ৰিয়প্ৰকাৰৰ গহনা হৈয়েই আছে।{{cn}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== f5swkjl54jgadt5fwe4mlweq2fqm2ta 646108 646107 2026-10-19T18:18:26Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 646108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ঝুমকা''' প্ৰাচীন ভাৰতত উৎপত্তি হোৱা ঘণ্টা আকৃতিৰ কাণফুলি।<ref>{{cite news|title= Did Ralph Lauren copy the Indian jhumka? Paris Fashion Week show sparks debate|url= https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-did-ralph-lauren-copy-the-indian-jhumka-paris-fashion-week-show-sparks-debate-4167354/ | newspaper=Financial Express | date=9 March 2026 | accessdate=10 March 2026}}</ref> [[ভাৰত]], [[পাকিস্তান]], [[বাংলাদেশ]], [[শ্ৰীলংকা]] আৰু [[নেপাল]]ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে এইবোৰ পৰিধান কৰা হয় [[File:Kharanphool Jhumka.jpg|thumb]] ==উৎপত্তি আৰু বিৱৰ্তন== [[File:Main-qimg-ca38af55d8dbed355f3ee34da4790a43.jpg|thumb]] ঝুমকাৰ উৎপত্তি দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰ চোলা বংশৰ মন্দিৰৰ ভাস্কৰ্য্যত খোদিত গহনাবোৰৰপৰাই পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতনাট্যম প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ সময়ত পৰম্পৰাগত নৃত্যশিল্পীসকলেও ইয়াক আলংকাৰিক কাণফুলি হিচাপে পিন্ধে।<ref>{{cite news|title= कहानी गहनों की: चोल वंश से शुरू हुआ झुमकों का सफर, मुगलों ने दी शाही पहचान; बहुत दिलचस्प है इतिहास|url=https://www.jagran.com/lifestyle/fashion-beauty-kahani-gehno-ki-history-of-jhumka-and-its-journey-from-centuries-to-today-fashion-check-details-here-40070945.html|newspaper= [[Dainik Jagran]]|date= 13 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ralph Lauren ‘jhumka’ earrings spark viral cultural appropriation debate after Paris Fashion Week show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/ralph-lauren-jhumka-earrings-spark-viral-cultural-appropriation-debate-after-paris-fashion-week-show/articleshow/129257736.cms|newspaper= [[The Times of India]]}}</ref> মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত ঝুমকাৰ ডিজাইনটো অধিক সমৃদ্ধিশালী কৰিবলৈ অধিক বিৱৰ্তন ঘটিছিল।{{cn}}। ঝুমকা ভাৰত, পাকিস্তান, বাংলাদেশ, শ্ৰীলংকা, আৰু নেপালৰ অন্যতম জনপ্ৰিয়প্ৰকাৰৰ গহনা হৈয়েই আছে।{{cn}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== eddn3q5oqx7pnkqvg8rz64zqea5ygsp 646109 646108 2026-10-19T18:19:14Z Pranamikaadhikary 27435 added [[Category:অলংকাৰ]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ঝুমকা''' প্ৰাচীন ভাৰতত উৎপত্তি হোৱা ঘণ্টা আকৃতিৰ কাণফুলি।<ref>{{cite news|title= Did Ralph Lauren copy the Indian jhumka? Paris Fashion Week show sparks debate|url= https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-did-ralph-lauren-copy-the-indian-jhumka-paris-fashion-week-show-sparks-debate-4167354/ | newspaper=Financial Express | date=9 March 2026 | accessdate=10 March 2026}}</ref> [[ভাৰত]], [[পাকিস্তান]], [[বাংলাদেশ]], [[শ্ৰীলংকা]] আৰু [[নেপাল]]ত পৰম্পৰাগতভাৱে এইবোৰ পৰিধান কৰা হয় [[File:Kharanphool Jhumka.jpg|thumb]] ==উৎপত্তি আৰু বিৱৰ্তন== [[File:Main-qimg-ca38af55d8dbed355f3ee34da4790a43.jpg|thumb]] ঝুমকাৰ উৎপত্তি দক্ষিণ ভাৰতৰ চোলা বংশৰ মন্দিৰৰ ভাস্কৰ্য্যত খোদিত গহনাবোৰৰপৰাই পোৱা যায়। ভাৰতনাট্যম প্ৰদৰ্শনৰ সময়ত পৰম্পৰাগত নৃত্যশিল্পীসকলেও ইয়াক আলংকাৰিক কাণফুলি হিচাপে পিন্ধে।<ref>{{cite news|title= कहानी गहनों की: चोल वंश से शुरू हुआ झुमकों का सफर, मुगलों ने दी शाही पहचान; बहुत दिलचस्प है इतिहास|url=https://www.jagran.com/lifestyle/fashion-beauty-kahani-gehno-ki-history-of-jhumka-and-its-journey-from-centuries-to-today-fashion-check-details-here-40070945.html|newspaper= [[Dainik Jagran]]|date= 13 December 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ralph Lauren ‘jhumka’ earrings spark viral cultural appropriation debate after Paris Fashion Week show|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/trending/ralph-lauren-jhumka-earrings-spark-viral-cultural-appropriation-debate-after-paris-fashion-week-show/articleshow/129257736.cms|newspaper= [[The Times of India]]}}</ref> মোগল সাম্ৰাজ্যৰ অধীনত ঝুমকাৰ ডিজাইনটো অধিক সমৃদ্ধিশালী কৰিবলৈ অধিক বিৱৰ্তন ঘটিছিল।{{cn}}। ঝুমকা ভাৰত, পাকিস্তান, বাংলাদেশ, শ্ৰীলংকা, আৰু নেপালৰ অন্যতম জনপ্ৰিয়প্ৰকাৰৰ গহনা হৈয়েই আছে।{{cn}} ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:অলংকাৰ]] aiwej332pxghaj0b87vncfkf4rhh6g2 14 140366 646122 2026-10-19T21:13:25Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 Created blank page 646122 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 646123 646122 2026-10-19T21:13:38Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 added [[Category:চুদান]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[শ্ৰেণী:চুদান]] naovmjexfvez88fipji0rdnwspg0222 646124 646123 2026-10-19T21:13:53Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 added [[Category:দেশ অনুসৰি ব্যক্তিসকল]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[শ্ৰেণী:চুদান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দেশ অনুসৰি ব্যক্তিসকল]] p8yli6n9vo8jee7hvs8vg247rtc99ta 646125 646124 2026-10-19T21:15:36Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 /* */ 646125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''চুদানী ব্যক্তি''' বুলিলে [[চুদান]]ৰ ব্যক্তিসকলক বুজোৱা হয়।'' [[শ্ৰেণী:চুদান]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দেশ অনুসৰি ব্যক্তিসকল]] dw7wd1a2i5ub5owfd627nwl7wz3f9u8 14 140367 646132 2026-10-19T21:23:28Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 Created blank page 646132 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 646133 646132 2026-10-19T21:24:08Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 +[[শ্ৰেণী:ফিজি]]; +[[শ্ৰেণী:দেশ অনুসৰি ব্যক্তিসকল]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[শ্ৰেণী:ফিজি]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দেশ অনুসৰি ব্যক্তিসকল]] 1jy4wk219bv9y1ds8qy4mrlq9pfm2zx 14 140368 646140 2026-10-19T21:32:38Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: [[শ্ৰেণী:মৰিছাছ]] 646140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[শ্ৰেণী:মৰিছাছ]] 36mzla46yyhndue7etkcdq6tojayhwr 646141 646140 2026-10-19T21:32:52Z Kandarpajit Kallol 6257 added [[Category:দেশ অনুসৰি ব্যক্তিসকল]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646141 wikitext text/x-wiki [[শ্ৰেণী:মৰিছাছ]] [[শ্ৰেণী:দেশ অনুসৰি ব্যক্তিসকল]] iy21a0oey2o3hp472abze5r0txxltri 0 140369 646205 2026-10-20T11:13:39Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 নতুন পৃষ্ঠা: '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' (Ceryle rudis) হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। 646205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' (Ceryle rudis) হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। 99ea1kwpv500iihugfemu2d8mdjdxtt 646206 646205 2026-10-20T11:15:57Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 646206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। kwhj84um06swhlyklciuocjuiyvc4x2 646207 646206 2026-10-20T11:19:40Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 646207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। ১৭৫৮ চনত কাৰ্ল লিনিয়াছে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বৰ্ণনা কৰা এই প্ৰজাতিটোৰ পাঁচটা স্বীকৃত উপ-প্ৰজাতি আছে, আৰু ই চেৰিল (Ceryle) গণৰ একমাত্ৰ সদস্য। 3ptf0p61uo9r92iavnli8erib4g6lq2 646208 646207 2026-10-20T11:22:54Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 646208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। ১৭৫৮ চনত কাৰ্ল লিনিয়াছে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বৰ্ণনা কৰা এই প্ৰজাতিটোৰ পাঁচটা স্বীকৃত উপ-প্ৰজাতি আছে, আৰু ই চেৰিল (Ceryle) গণৰ একমাত্ৰ সদস্য। ইয়াৰ ক'লা-বগা পাখি আৰু মূৰৰ ওপৰৰ অংশৰ বিশেষ পাখি বা চুলিৰ লগতে স্বচ্ছ হ্ৰদ আৰু নদীৰ ওপৰত ভাহি থাকি মাছ ধৰিবলৈ জাঁপ দিয়াৰ অভ্যাসৰ কাৰণে এই প্ৰজাতিটো বিশিষ্ট। bg6tminxch4uwuocvynh9hn0scdq6ak 646209 646208 2026-10-20T11:28:13Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 646209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। ১৭৫৮ চনত কাৰ্ল লিনিয়াছে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বৰ্ণনা কৰা এই প্ৰজাতিটোৰ পাঁচটা স্বীকৃত উপ-প্ৰজাতি আছে, আৰু ই চেৰিল (Ceryle) গণৰ একমাত্ৰ সদস্য। ইয়াৰ ক'লা-বগা পাখি আৰু মূৰৰ ওপৰৰ অংশৰ বিশেষ পাখি বা চুলিৰ লগতে স্বচ্ছ হ্ৰদ আৰু নদীৰ ওপৰত ভাহি থাকি মাছ ধৰিবলৈ জাঁপ দিয়াৰ অভ্যাসৰ কাৰণে এই প্ৰজাতিটো বিশিষ্ট। মতা পখৰা মাছৰোকা চৰাইৰ বুকুত দুডাল আহল-বহল পটি থাকে, কিন্তু মাইকী চৰাইৰ বুকুত এডাল মাত্ৰ ছিন্ন পটি থাকে। ইহঁতক সাধাৰণতে যোৰে-যোৰে বা সৰু পৰিয়ালত দেখা যায়। ডালত বহি থকাৰ সময়ত ই প্ৰায়ে মূৰ লৰচৰ কৰি‍ আৰু নেজ ওপৰলৈ জোকাৰি থাকে। kff0bhcbrqa7kwhaywtu2emdxgs1foi 646210 646209 2026-10-20T11:31:17Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 646210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Speciesbox | name = পখৰা মাছৰোকা (Pied kingfisher) | image = {{CSS image crop|Image= Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) male.jpg|bSize=260|cWidth=220|cHeight=220|oTop=30|oLeft=15|Location=center}} | image_caption = Male | image2 = Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) female.jpg | image2_caption = Female<br/>both ''C. r. leucomelanurus''<br/>[[Chambal River]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Ceryle rudis'' |volume=2017 |article-number=e.T22683645A110626699 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22683645A110626699.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | display_parents = 2 | parent_authority = [[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1828 | taxon = Ceryle rudis | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | synonyms = *''Alcedo rudis'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}} }} '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। ১৭৫৮ চনত কাৰ্ল লিনিয়াছে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বৰ্ণনা কৰা এই প্ৰজাতিটোৰ পাঁচটা স্বীকৃত উপ-প্ৰজাতি আছে, আৰু ই চেৰিল (Ceryle) গণৰ একমাত্ৰ সদস্য। ইয়াৰ ক'লা-বগা পাখি আৰু মূৰৰ ওপৰৰ অংশৰ বিশেষ পাখি বা চুলিৰ লগতে স্বচ্ছ হ্ৰদ আৰু নদীৰ ওপৰত ভাহি থাকি মাছ ধৰিবলৈ জাঁপ দিয়াৰ অভ্যাসৰ কাৰণে এই প্ৰজাতিটো বিশিষ্ট। মতা পখৰা মাছৰোকা চৰাইৰ বুকুত দুডাল আহল-বহল পটি থাকে, কিন্তু মাইকী চৰাইৰ বুকুত এডাল মাত্ৰ ছিন্ন পটি থাকে। ইহঁতক সাধাৰণতে যোৰে-যোৰে বা সৰু পৰিয়ালত দেখা যায়। ডালত বহি থকাৰ সময়ত ই প্ৰায়ে মূৰ লৰচৰ কৰি‍ আৰু নেজ ওপৰলৈ জোকাৰি থাকে। sncjy8lt3bjr4ucz3zabv08101grvd5 646211 646210 2026-10-20T11:31:50Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 646211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Speciesbox | name = পখৰা মাছৰোকা (Pied kingfisher) | image = {{CSS image crop|Image= Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) male.jpg|bSize=260|cWidth=220|cHeight=220|oTop=30|oLeft=15|Location=center}} | image_caption = Male | image2 = Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) female.jpg | image2_caption = Female<br/>both ''C. r. leucomelanurus''<br/>[[Chambal River]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Ceryle rudis'' |volume=2017 |article-number=e.T22683645A110626699 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22683645A110626699.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | display_parents = 2 | parent_authority = [[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1828 | taxon = Ceryle rudis | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | synonyms = *''Alcedo rudis'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}} }} '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। ১৭৫৮ চনত কাৰ্ল লিনিয়াছে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বৰ্ণনা কৰা এই প্ৰজাতিটোৰ পাঁচটা স্বীকৃত উপ-প্ৰজাতি আছে, আৰু ই চেৰিল (Ceryle) গণৰ একমাত্ৰ সদস্য। ইয়াৰ ক'লা-বগা পাখি আৰু মূৰৰ ওপৰৰ অংশৰ বিশেষ পাখি বা চুলিৰ লগতে স্বচ্ছ হ্ৰদ আৰু নদীৰ ওপৰত ভাহি থাকি মাছ ধৰিবলৈ জাঁপ দিয়াৰ অভ্যাসৰ কাৰণে এই প্ৰজাতিটো বিশিষ্ট। মতা পখৰা মাছৰোকা চৰাইৰ বুকুত দুডাল আহল-বহল পটি থাকে, কিন্তু মাইকী চৰাইৰ বুকুত এডাল মাত্ৰ ছিন্ন পটি থাকে। ইহঁতক সাধাৰণতে যোৰে-যোৰে বা সৰু পৰিয়ালত দেখা যায়। ডালত বহি থকাৰ সময়ত ই প্ৰায়ে মূৰ লৰচৰ কৰি‍ আৰু নেজ ওপৰলৈ জোকাৰি থাকে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== tw2ry3cu24m70rhbodggp8ejj7902lv 646212 646211 2026-10-20T11:32:12Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 added [[Category:অসমৰ চৰাই]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 646212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Speciesbox | name = পখৰা মাছৰোকা (Pied kingfisher) | image = {{CSS image crop|Image= Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) male.jpg|bSize=260|cWidth=220|cHeight=220|oTop=30|oLeft=15|Location=center}} | image_caption = Male | image2 = Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) female.jpg | image2_caption = Female<br/>both ''C. r. leucomelanurus''<br/>[[Chambal River]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Ceryle rudis'' |volume=2017 |article-number=e.T22683645A110626699 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22683645A110626699.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | display_parents = 2 | parent_authority = [[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1828 | taxon = Ceryle rudis | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | synonyms = *''Alcedo rudis'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}} }} '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। ১৭৫৮ চনত কাৰ্ল লিনিয়াছে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বৰ্ণনা কৰা এই প্ৰজাতিটোৰ পাঁচটা স্বীকৃত উপ-প্ৰজাতি আছে, আৰু ই চেৰিল (Ceryle) গণৰ একমাত্ৰ সদস্য। ইয়াৰ ক'লা-বগা পাখি আৰু মূৰৰ ওপৰৰ অংশৰ বিশেষ পাখি বা চুলিৰ লগতে স্বচ্ছ হ্ৰদ আৰু নদীৰ ওপৰত ভাহি থাকি মাছ ধৰিবলৈ জাঁপ দিয়াৰ অভ্যাসৰ কাৰণে এই প্ৰজাতিটো বিশিষ্ট। মতা পখৰা মাছৰোকা চৰাইৰ বুকুত দুডাল আহল-বহল পটি থাকে, কিন্তু মাইকী চৰাইৰ বুকুত এডাল মাত্ৰ ছিন্ন পটি থাকে। ইহঁতক সাধাৰণতে যোৰে-যোৰে বা সৰু পৰিয়ালত দেখা যায়। ডালত বহি থকাৰ সময়ত ই প্ৰায়ে মূৰ লৰচৰ কৰি‍ আৰু নেজ ওপৰলৈ জোকাৰি থাকে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] 1eitbjjw2mthsmjioivlkladb0aiacc 646213 646212 2026-10-20T11:33:15Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 /* তথ্যসূত্ৰ */ 646213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Speciesbox | name = পখৰা মাছৰোকা (Pied kingfisher) | image = {{CSS image crop|Image= Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) male.jpg|bSize=260|cWidth=220|cHeight=220|oTop=30|oLeft=15|Location=center}} | image_caption = Male | image2 = Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) female.jpg | image2_caption = Female<br/>both ''C. r. leucomelanurus''<br/>[[Chambal River]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Ceryle rudis'' |volume=2017 |article-number=e.T22683645A110626699 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22683645A110626699.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | display_parents = 2 | parent_authority = [[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1828 | taxon = Ceryle rudis | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | synonyms = *''Alcedo rudis'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}} }} '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। ১৭৫৮ চনত কাৰ্ল লিনিয়াছে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বৰ্ণনা কৰা এই প্ৰজাতিটোৰ পাঁচটা স্বীকৃত উপ-প্ৰজাতি আছে, আৰু ই চেৰিল (Ceryle) গণৰ একমাত্ৰ সদস্য। ইয়াৰ ক'লা-বগা পাখি আৰু মূৰৰ ওপৰৰ অংশৰ বিশেষ পাখি বা চুলিৰ লগতে স্বচ্ছ হ্ৰদ আৰু নদীৰ ওপৰত ভাহি থাকি মাছ ধৰিবলৈ জাঁপ দিয়াৰ অভ্যাসৰ কাৰণে এই প্ৰজাতিটো বিশিষ্ট। মতা পখৰা মাছৰোকা চৰাইৰ বুকুত দুডাল আহল-বহল পটি থাকে, কিন্তু মাইকী চৰাইৰ বুকুত এডাল মাত্ৰ ছিন্ন পটি থাকে। ইহঁতক সাধাৰণতে যোৰে-যোৰে বা সৰু পৰিয়ালত দেখা যায়। ডালত বহি থকাৰ সময়ত ই প্ৰায়ে মূৰ লৰচৰ কৰি‍ আৰু নেজ ওপৰলৈ জোকাৰি থাকে। ==বিৱৰণ== ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] o8a7phfnjiwgcew2c2poc23018z3tgs 646218 646213 2026-10-20T11:56:07Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 /* বিৱৰণ */ 646218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Speciesbox | name = পখৰা মাছৰোকা (Pied kingfisher) | image = {{CSS image crop|Image= Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) male.jpg|bSize=260|cWidth=220|cHeight=220|oTop=30|oLeft=15|Location=center}} | image_caption = Male | image2 = Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) female.jpg | image2_caption = Female<br/>both ''C. r. leucomelanurus''<br/>[[Chambal River]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Ceryle rudis'' |volume=2017 |article-number=e.T22683645A110626699 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22683645A110626699.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | display_parents = 2 | parent_authority = [[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1828 | taxon = Ceryle rudis | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | synonyms = *''Alcedo rudis'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}} }} '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। ১৭৫৮ চনত কাৰ্ল লিনিয়াছে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বৰ্ণনা কৰা এই প্ৰজাতিটোৰ পাঁচটা স্বীকৃত উপ-প্ৰজাতি আছে, আৰু ই চেৰিল (Ceryle) গণৰ একমাত্ৰ সদস্য। ইয়াৰ ক'লা-বগা পাখি আৰু মূৰৰ ওপৰৰ অংশৰ বিশেষ পাখি বা চুলিৰ লগতে স্বচ্ছ হ্ৰদ আৰু নদীৰ ওপৰত ভাহি থাকি মাছ ধৰিবলৈ জাঁপ দিয়াৰ অভ্যাসৰ কাৰণে এই প্ৰজাতিটো বিশিষ্ট। মতা পখৰা মাছৰোকা চৰাইৰ বুকুত দুডাল আহল-বহল পটি থাকে, কিন্তু মাইকী চৰাইৰ বুকুত এডাল মাত্ৰ ছিন্ন পটি থাকে। ইহঁতক সাধাৰণতে যোৰে-যোৰে বা সৰু পৰিয়ালত দেখা যায়। ডালত বহি থকাৰ সময়ত ই প্ৰায়ে মূৰ লৰচৰ কৰি‍ আৰু নেজ ওপৰলৈ জোকাৰি থাকে। ==বিৱৰণ== প্ৰায় ২৫ ছে.মি. (৯.৮ ইঞ্চি) দীঘল ই এবিধ মধ্যমীয়া আকাৰৰ মাছৰোকা, মুখ বগা-ক'লা আৰু চকুৰ ওপৰৰ ভ্ৰূৰ দৰে বগা ৰেখা আৰু বুকুত ক'লা পটি আছে। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] 52gukd5mcjb0blfilza5gn84dg4149f 646220 646218 2026-10-20T11:58:28Z কুমুদ ঘোষ 42738 /* বিৱৰণ */ 646220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Species of bird}} {{Speciesbox | name = পখৰা মাছৰোকা (Pied kingfisher) | image = {{CSS image crop|Image= Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) male.jpg|bSize=260|cWidth=220|cHeight=220|oTop=30|oLeft=15|Location=center}} | image_caption = Male | image2 = Pied kingfisher (Ceryle rudis leucomelanurus) female.jpg | image2_caption = Female<br/>both ''C. r. leucomelanurus''<br/>[[Chambal River]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2017 |title=''Ceryle rudis'' |volume=2017 |article-number=e.T22683645A110626699 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22683645A110626699.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref> | display_parents = 2 | parent_authority = [[Friedrich Boie|F. Boie]], 1828 | taxon = Ceryle rudis | authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) | synonyms = *''Alcedo rudis'' {{small|Linnaeus,&nbsp;1758}} }} '''পখৰা মাছৰোকা''' ({{lang-en|Pied kingfisher}}; বৈ‍জ্ঞানিক নামঃ ''Ceryle rudis'') হ'ল আফ্ৰিকা আৰু এছিয়াত বহুলভাৱে বিস্তৃত পানীৰ মাছৰোকা প্ৰজাতি। ১৭৫৮ চনত কাৰ্ল লিনিয়াছে প্ৰথমবাৰৰ বাবে বৰ্ণনা কৰা এই প্ৰজাতিটোৰ পাঁচটা স্বীকৃত উপ-প্ৰজাতি আছে, আৰু ই চেৰিল (Ceryle) গণৰ একমাত্ৰ সদস্য। ইয়াৰ ক'লা-বগা পাখি আৰু মূৰৰ ওপৰৰ অংশৰ বিশেষ পাখি বা চুলিৰ লগতে স্বচ্ছ হ্ৰদ আৰু নদীৰ ওপৰত ভাহি থাকি মাছ ধৰিবলৈ জাঁপ দিয়াৰ অভ্যাসৰ কাৰণে এই প্ৰজাতিটো বিশিষ্ট। মতা পখৰা মাছৰোকা চৰাইৰ বুকুত দুডাল আহল-বহল পটি থাকে, কিন্তু মাইকী চৰাইৰ বুকুত এডাল মাত্ৰ ছিন্ন পটি থাকে। ইহঁতক সাধাৰণতে যোৰে-যোৰে বা সৰু পৰিয়ালত দেখা যায়। ডালত বহি থকাৰ সময়ত ই প্ৰায়ে মূৰ লৰচৰ কৰি‍ আৰু নেজ ওপৰলৈ জোকাৰি থাকে। ==বিৱৰণ== প্ৰায় ২৫ ছে.মি. (৯.৮ ইঞ্চি) দীঘল ই এবিধ মধ্যমীয়া আকাৰৰ মাছৰোকা, মুখ বগা-ক'লা আৰু চকুৰ ওপৰৰ ভ্ৰূৰ দৰে বগা ৰেখা আৰু বুকুত ক'লা পটি আছে। ঝুঁটিটো পৰিপাটি আৰু ওপৰৰ অংশত ক'লা ডেৰা-ডেৰি দাগ আছে। বিস্তৃত বিস্তাৰৰ ভিতৰত কেইবাবিধো উপ-প্ৰজাতি স্বীকৃত হৈছে। নামিত প্ৰজাতিটো (nominate race) ছাহাৰা মৰুভূমিৰ দক্ষিণৰ আফ্ৰিকাত পোৱা যায়, আৰু ই পশ্চিম এছিয়ালৈকে বিস্তৃত। ==তথ্যসূত্ৰ== [[শ্ৰেণী:অসমৰ চৰাই]] 5417av260au53ur0e09450qpqthjl6h