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НекӀсияб Грекия
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[[File:Parthenon (30276156187).jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|[[Партенон]], Атеналъе бараб, Атеназул [[Акропол]]алда бугеб, гьеб ккола некӀсиял греказул маданияталъул ва софистикациялъул бищун исбагьибя симболлъун.]]
'''НекӀсияб Грекия''' ({{lang-el|Ἑλλάς}}, Гьелла́с) — Гьоркьобралъадлъиялъул шималиябгин бакъбаккуда нилӀер эраялде щвелалде XXII–IX гӀасрабаздаса, жал [[Грек бецӀал гӀасраби|грек бецӀал гӀасраби]] абун лъалел, байбихьун ва [[Классикияб антиклъи|классикияб антиклъиялъул]] ахиралде ({{circa}} НЭ 600) щвезегӀан букӀараб [[цивилизация]], жинца гъорлӀе бачунеб букӀараб рикьарал, амма маданияб ва мацӀазулаб рахъалъ цоцада рухьарал [[полис|шагьар-пачалихъазул]] ва цогидал территориязул гӀаммлъи. Гьел регионазул цӀикӀкӀанисел оффициалияб къагӀидаялъ цолъизарун рукӀана цохӀо нухалъ, 13 соналъ [[Александер Македонияв|Александерил]] [[Македониялъул империя|империялда]] гъорлӀ НЩ 336-абилелдаса 323 соналъ-лъагӀан (гьениса гьоркьосарахъияллъун рукӀана чанго грек полисал бакътӀерхьул Гьоркьобракьдаллхиялда, ЧӀегӀераб ралъад сверун, Кипралда ва Киренаикаялда рукӀарал ва Александерил юрисдикциялъукье ккечӀел). [[БакътӀерхьул тарих]]алда, классикияб антиклъиялъул эпоха лӀугӀиялда хадурцун рукӀана [[Цересел гьоркьохъел гӀасраби]] ва [[Бизантия]]лъул период.<ref name="Thomas1988">{{cite book|author=Carol G. Thomas|title=Paths from ancient Greece|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NAwVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA27|year=1988|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-08846-7|pages=27–50}}</ref>
НЩ VIII гӀасруялда [[Микенияб Грекия|Микенияб Грекиялъул]] [[Хадусеб мазгарулаб гӀасруялъул коллапс|хадусеб мазгарулаб гӀасруялъулаб коллапсалдаса]] хадуб байбихьана грек шагьариял полисал лӀугьине, гьеб аслулъана [[Архаикияб Грекия|архаикияб периодалъе]] ва [[Ракьдагьоркьосеб ралъад|Ракьдагьоркьосеб ралъадалъул бассен]] [[Грек колонизация|колонизатинабиялъе]]. Гьелда хадуб букӀана [[Классикияб Грекия]]ялъул эпоха, [[Грекгин парс рагъал|грекгин парс рагъаздаса байбихьун]], НЩ V гӀасруялдаса IV гӀасруялде щун, гьенибго гъорлӀ [[Атеназул меседил гӀасру]]ги. [[Александер Македонияв|Александер]] [[Македония (некӀсияб къиралат)|Македонияс]] ракьал рахъиялъ [[Гьелленияб цивилизация]] тӀибитӀизабуна бакътӀерхьул гьоркьобракьдаллъиялдаса [[Гьоркьохъеб Азия|Гьоркьохъеб Азиялде]] щвезегӀан. [[Гьелленияб Грекия|Гелленияб период]] лӀугӀана бакъбаккул Гьоркьобракьдаллъиялъул дуниял [[Румаб Республика|Румаб Республикаялъ]] бахъидал ва [[Македония (Румаб провинция)|Македония]], цинги хадуб [[Ахая (Румаб провинция)|Ахая]] [[Румалъул империя|Румалъул империялъ]] аннексинабидал.
Классикияб [[Грекиялъул маданият|грек маданияталъ]], хасго философиялъ, цӀакъ къуватаб асар гьабуна [[некӀсияб Рум]]алъе, жинца гьелъул версия тӀибитӀизабураб Ракьдагьоркьосеб ралъадалъул тӀолабго бассеналда ва Европаялъул цӀикӀкӀанисеб бутӀаялда. Гьеб сабаблъун, Классикияб Грекия гӀеӀмерисеб рикӀкӀуна кинилъун [[БакътӀерхьул маданият|БакътӀерхьул цивилизациялъул]], жиндаса гьанжесеб БакътӀерхьалъ политикаялда, философиялда, гӀелмуялда ва гьунарлъиялда гӀемерисел кьучӀал идеяби ва архетипал росулеб аслулъолеб маданиталъул.<ref name="EllynMcGinnis2004">{{cite book|author1=Maura Ellyn|author2=Maura McGinnis|title=Greece: A Primary Source Cultural Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N69iOTtVHGYC&pg=PT8|year=2004|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3999-2|page=8}}</ref><ref name="FindlingPelle2004">{{cite book|author1=John E. Findling|author2=Kimberly D. Pelle|title=Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0C&pg=PR23|year=2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-32278-5|page=23}}</ref><ref name="ThompsonMullin">{{cite book|author1=Wayne C. Thompson|author2=Mark H. Mullin|title=Western Europe, 1983|year=1983|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=serMXIpALD0C|publisher=Stryker-Post Publications|page=337|isbn=9780943448114|quote=for ancient Greece was the cradle of Western culture ...}}</ref><!-- <ref name="Copleston2003">{{cite book|author=Frederick Copleston|title=History of Philosophy Volume 1: Greece and Rome|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y08L-MC36JUC&pg=PA13|year=2003|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-0-8264-6895-6|page=13|quote=Part I Pre-Socratic Philosophy Chapter II The Cradle Western Thought }}</ref><ref name="Iozzo2001">{{cite book|author=Mario Iozzo|title=Art and History of Greece: And Mount Athos|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q51-HAiZQwMC&pg=PA7|year=2001|publisher=Casa Editrice Bonechi|isbn=978-88-8029-435-1|page=7|quote=The capital of Greece, one of the world's most glorious cities and the cradle of Western culture,}}</ref><ref name="Melotti2011">{{cite book|author=Marxiano Melotti|title=The Plastic Venuses: Archaeological Tourism in Post-Modern Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgIrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA188|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-3028-7|page=188|quote=In short, Greece, despite having been the cradle of Western culture, was then an "other" space separate from the West.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Library Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFZVAAAAYAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Bowker|volume=97|page=1588|quote=Ancient Greece: Cradle of Western Culture (Series), disc. 6 strips with 3 discs, range: 44–60 fr., 17–18 min}}</ref><ref name="Burstein2002">{{cite book|author=Stanley Mayer Burstein|title=Current Issues and the Study of Ancient History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17xmAAAAMAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Regina Books|isbn=978-1-930053-10-6|page=15|quote=and making Egypt play the same role in African education and culture that Athens and Greece do in Western culture.}}</ref><ref name="Jr.2015">{{cite book| author=Murray Milner Jr. |title=Elites: A General Model|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MvYlBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA62|year=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-7456-8950-0|page=62|quote=Greece has long been considered the seedbed or cradle of Western civilization.}}</ref><ref name="Aa.Vv.2011">{{cite book|author=Aa.Vv.|title=Slavica viterbiensia 003: Periodico di letterature e culture slave della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere Moderne dell'Università della Tuscia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9fTPUTPPhkC&pg=PA148|year=2011|publisher=Gangemi Editore spa|isbn=978-88-492-6909-3|page=148|quote=The Special Case of Greece The ancient Greece was a cradle of the Western culture,}}</ref><ref name="Covert2011">{{cite book|author=Kim Covert|title=Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVMYJNvUiYkC&pg=PP5|year=2011|publisher=Capstone|isbn=978-1-4296-6831-6|page=5|quote=Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization. ... Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece.}}</ref><ref name="Duchesne2011">{{cite book|author=Ricardo Duchesne|title=The Uniqueness of Western Civilization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWmDPzPo0XAC&pg=PA297|year=2011|publisher=Brill|isbn=90-04-19248-4|page=297|quote=The list of books which have celebrated Greece as the "cradle" of the West is endless; two more examples are Charles Freeman's The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World (1999) and Bruce Thornton's Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization (2000)}}</ref><ref>[[Bruce Thornton]], ''Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization'', Encounter Books, 2002</ref><ref>Richard Tarnas, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0n2C299jeOMC&pg=PP1#v=onepage The Passion of the Western Mind]'' (New York: Ballantine Books, 1991).</ref><ref>Colin Hynson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hmweq2TyxvsC&pg=PT5#v=onepage Ancient Greece]'' (Milwaukee: World Almanac Library, 2006), 4.</ref><ref>Carol G. Thomas, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NAwVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage Paths from Ancient Greece]'' (Leiden, Netherlands: E.J. Brill, 1988).</ref> -->
==Ирс==
{{Further|Classics}}
НекӀсияб Грекиялъул цивилизациялъ кӀудияб асар гьабуна мацӀалде, политикаялде, лъайкьеялъул системаялде, философиялде, гӀелмуялде ва гьунарлъиялде. Гьеб лӀугьана Румалъул империялъул [[Лейткултура|Лейткултуралъун]] бакӀалъулал италикиял традициял маргиналлъизарулеб даражаялдагицн. Гьорацияс абухъе,
:''Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit et artis / intulit agresti Latio'' (''[[Epistles (Horace)|Epistulae]]'' 2.1.156f.)
:Асирлъизабураб Грекиялъ асир гьабуна цивизизатинчӀеб кверщело, ва жиндирго гьунарлъи бачӀана босун росдалаб [[Лаций|Лациялде]].
Румалъул империял сабаблъун, грек култура лӀугьана БакътӀерхьул маданияталъе кӀучӀаблъун. Бизантиялъул империялъе классикияб грекгин гьелленияб маданият ирслъана битӀахъего, латин гьоркьохъанлъичӀого, гьоркьохъелъ гӀасрабазул бизантияб традициял классикияб грек мацӀ цӀуниялъ хадуб кӀудияб асар гьабуна [[Исламалъул меседил гӀасру|Исламияб меседил гӀасруялде]] ва БакътӀерхьул Европаялъул [[Ренессанс|Ренессансалде]]. Гьанжесеб заманалда классикияб грек мацӀ лъазаби байбихьана [[Неоклассикизм|Неоклассикизмалъул]] хӀаракаталда XVIII ва XIX гӀасрабазда Европаялда ва Америкаялда.
==Баянкьелал==
{{notelist}}
==МугъчӀваял==
=== Баянал===
{{Reflist}}
=== Библиография===
:'''''Ингилисалда'''''
* {{cite book
|last1=Asheri |first1=David
|last2=Lloyd |first2=Alan
|last3=Corcella |first3=Aldo
|year=2007
|title=A Commentary on Herodotus, Books 1–4
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-814956-9
}}
* {{cite book|last=Bowersock|first=G.W.|title=The Cambridge History of Classical Literature|chapter=The literature of the Empire|editor1-last=Easterling|editor2-last=Knox|editor1-first=P.E.|editor2-first=Bernard M.W.|year=1985|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}
* {{cite book|last=Bremmer|first=Jan M.|chapter=Greek Normative Animal Sacrifice|year=2007|title=A Companion to Greek Religion|publisher=Blackwell|editor-last=Ogden|editor-first=Daniel}}
* {{cite book|last=Bulloch|first=A.W.|title=The Cambridge History of Classical Literature|chapter=Hellenistic Poetry|editor1-last=Easterling|editor2-last=Knox|editor1-first=P.E.|editor2-first=Bernard M.W.|year=1985|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}
* {{cite book
|last=Cameron |first=Alan
|year=2004
|title=Greek Mythography in the Roman World
|url=https://archive.org/details/greekmythography0000came |publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-803821-4
}}
* {{cite book|last=Dowden|first=Ken|chapter=Olympian Gods, Olympian Pantheon|year=2007|title=A Companion to Greek Religion|publisher=Blackwell|editor-last=Ogden|editor-first=Daniel}}
* {{cite book|last=Furley|first=William D.|chapter=Prayers and Hymns|year=2007|title=A Companion to Greek Religion|publisher=Blackwell|editor-last=Ogden|editor-first=Daniel}}
* {{cite book|last=Handley|first=E.W.|title=The Cambridge History of Classical Literature|chapter=Comedy|editor1-last=Easterling|editor2-last=Knox|editor1-first=P.E.|editor2-first=Bernard M.W.|year=1985|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}
* {{cite book|last=Hornblower|first=Simon|title=The Greek World: 479–323 BC|edition=4|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon|year=2011}}
* {{cite book|last=Kirk|first=G.S.|title=The Cambridge History of Classical Literature|chapter=Homer|editor1-last=Easterling|editor2-last=Knox|editor1-first=P.E.|editor2-first=Bernard M.W.|year=1985|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}
* {{cite book|last=König|first=Jason|title=A Companion to Greek Literature|chapter=Literature in the Roman World|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2016|editor1-last=Hose|editor1-first=Martin|editor2-last=Schenker|editor2-first=David}}
* {{cite book
|last=Marincola |first=John
|year=2001
|title=Greek Historians
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-922501-9
}}
* {{cite book|last=Martin|first=Thomas R.|title=Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|year=2013|edition=2}}
* {{cite book|last=McGlew|first=James|title=A Companion to Greek Literature|chapter=Literature in the Classical Age of Greece|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2016|editor1-last=Hose|editor1-first=Martin|editor2-last=Schenker|editor2-first=David}}
* {{cite book|last=Mori|first=Anatole|title=A Companion to Greek Literature|chapter=Literature in the Hellenistic World|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2016|editor1-last=Hose|editor1-first=Martin|editor2-last=Schenker|editor2-first=David}}
* {{cite book|last=Noegel|first=Scott B.|chapter=Greek Religion and the Ancient Near East|year=2007|title=A Companion to Greek Religion|publisher=Blackwell|editor-last=Ogden|editor-first=Daniel}}
* {{cite book|last=Ogden|first=Daniel|chapter=Introduction|year=2007|title=A Companion to Greek Religion|publisher=Blackwell|editor-last=Ogden|editor-first=Daniel}}
* {{cite book|last=Power|first=Timothy|title=A Companion to Greek Literature|chapter=Literature in the Archaic Age|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2016|editor1-last=Hose|editor1-first=Martin|editor2-last=Schenker|editor2-first=David}}
* {{cite book
|last=Roberts |first=Jennifer T.
|year=2011
|title=Herodotus: a Very Short Introduction
|url=https://archive.org/details/herodotusverysho00jenn |publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=978-0-19-957599-2
}}
* {{cite book|last=Shapiro|first=H.A.|chapter=Introduction|year=2007|title=The Cambridge Companion to Archaic Greece|editor-last=Shapiro|editor-first=H.A.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge}}
* {{cite book
|last=Sparks |first=Kenton L.
|year=1998
|title=Ethnicity and Identity in Ancient Israel: Prolegomena to the Study of Ethnic Sentiments and their Expression in the Hebrew Bible
|url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicityidentit0000spar |location=Winona Lake, IN
|publisher=Eisenbrauns
|isbn=978-1-57506-033-0
}}
==ТӀадеги цӀалиялъе==
:'''''Ингилисалда'''''
*{{cite book |last1=Shanks |first1=Michael |title=Classical Archaeology of Greece |date=1996 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |isbn=0-203-17197-7|url=https://www.academia.edu/4032788}}
* Brock, Roger, and Stephen Hodkinson, eds. 2000. ''Alternatives to Athens: Varieties of political organization and community in ancient Greece''. Oxford and New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
* Cartledge, Paul, Edward E. Cohen, and Lin Foxhall. 2002. ''Money, labour and land: Approaches to the economies of ancient Greece''. London and New York: Routledge.
* Cohen, Edward. 1992. ''Athenian economy and society: A banking perspective''. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
* Hurwit, Jeffrey. 1987. ''The art and culture of early Greece, 1100–480 B.C.'' Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press.
* Kinzl, Konrad, ed. 2006. ''A companion to the Classical Greek world''. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell.
* Morris, Ian, ed. 1994. ''Classical Greece: Ancient histories and modern archaeologies''. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
* Pomeroy, Sarah, Stanley M. Burstein, Walter Donlan, and Jennifer Tolbert Roberts. 2008. ''Ancient Greece: A political, social, and cultural history''. 2d ed. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
* Rhodes, Peter J. 2006. ''A history of the Classical Greek world: 478–323 BC''. Blackwell History of the Ancient World. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
* Whitley, James. 2001. ''The archaeology of ancient Greece''. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
== РегӀелал ==
{{Commons category|Ancient Greece}}
{{Wikivoyage|Ancient Greece}}
* [http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/greece/gr0000e.shtml Цивилизщациялъул канадаялъулаб музей—Аралъул грек секретал] (инг.)
* [http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk НекӀсияб Грекиялъул] вебсайт [[Британ Музей|Британ музеялдаса]] (инг.)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060502201333/http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/engen.greece НекӀсияб грекиялъул экономикияб тарих] (инг.)
* [http://www.fleur-de-coin.com/currency/drachma-history Грек валютаялъул тарих] (инг.)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110511090038/http://www.limenoscope.ntua.gr/index.cgi?lan=en Лименоскоп], некӀсияб Грекиялъул портазул баяназулаб база (инг.)
* [http://www.whitman.edu/theatre/theatretour/home.htm НекӀсияб Театралъул архив], Грек ва Рум театразул архитектура (инг.)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190606174928/http://people.hsc.edu/drjclassics/lectures/history/history.shtm Иллюстратинабураб Грек Гьистория], Др. Дженис Сигел, Классикаялъул департамент (факултет), [[Гьэмпден–Сидней Колледж]], Виргиния (инг.)
[[Категория:НекӀсияб Грекия| ]]
[[Категория:Европиял цивилизацияби]]
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