Wikipédia banwiki https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Média Kusus Pabligbagan Sang Anganggé Pabligbagan Sang Anganggé Wikipédia Pabligbagan Wikipédia Berkas Pabligbagan Berkas MédiaWiki Pabligbagan MédiaWiki Mal Pabligbagan Mal Wantuan Pabligbagan Wantuan Kategori Pabligbagan Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pabligbagan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 1625 283211 254645 2026-10-06T14:38:03Z Angayubagia 6 /* Pustaka */ 283211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|-8.6908|115.2059|display=title}} {{Kelurahan |nama = Pedungan |peta = |foto = |propinsi = Bali |dati2 = Kota |nama dati2 = Dénpasar |dati3 = Kecamatan |kecamatan = Dénpasar Selatan |lurah = Anak Agung Gedé Oka, SE |kode pos = 80222 |luas = 7,49 km² <ref>[https://denpasarkota.bps.go.id/publication/2017/09/25/2e8f605c0340296987f2d64c/kecamatan-denpasar-selatan-dalam-angka-2017.html Kecamatan Dénpasar Selatan dalam Angka 2017]</ref> |penduduk = 42.342 diri (2016)<ref name="denpasarkota.bps.go.id">[https://denpasarkota.bps.go.id/publication/2017/09/25/2e8f605c0340296987f2d64c/kecamatan-denpasar-selatan-dalam-angka-2017.html Kecamatan Dénpasar Selatan dalam Angka 2017], hal.27</ref> <br/>31.311 diri (2010)<ref>[https://www.bps.go.id/website/fileMenu/Penduduk-Indonesia-Menurut-Desa-2010.pdf Penduduk Indonesia Menurut Desa 2010], hal.1390</ref> |kepadatan = 4.181 diri/km² (2010) |RW = |RT = |KK = 5.450 |bahasa = |BPS_code = 51.71.01.1002 |alamat = |website = {{URL|https://pedungan.denpasarkota.go.id/}} }}{{Suratan basa alus}} '''Pedungan''' (aksara Bali: ᬧᭂᬤᬸᬗᬦ᭄) inggih punika [[Kelurahan]] sané magenah ring wewidangan [[Dénpasar Selatan, Dénpasar|Kecamatan Dénpasar Selatan]], [[Kota Dénpasar]], [[Bali|Propinsi Bali]], [[Indonésia]].<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Désémber 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref><ref name="Kepmendagri-050-145-2022">{{Cite web |last= Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |date= 2022-02-14 |url= https://jdih.kpu.go.id/data/data_kepkpu/2022kpt274.pdf |title= Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Indonesia Nomor 050-145 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemberian dan Pemutakhiran Kode, Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan dan Pulau tahun 2021 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220807035020/https://jdih.kpu.go.id/data/data_kepkpu/2022kpt274.pdf |archive-date= 2022-08-07 |access-date= 2022-12-29}}</ref><ref name="CC-Kepmendagri-300.2.2-2138-2025">{{Cite web |last= Menteri Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |date= 2025-04-25 |url= https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Keputusan_Menteri_Dalam_Negeri_Nomor_300.2.2-2138_Tahun_2025.pdf |title= Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Indonesia Nomor 300.2.2-2138 Tahun 2025 tentang Pemberian dan Pemutakhiran Kode, Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan dan Pulau |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 2025-06-14 }}</ref> == Pamréntahan == === Kalurahan === Wewidangan Kalurahan Pedungan madué sia lingkungan utawi banjar dinas, inggih punika:<ref name=lokabali/> {{col-css3-begin|2}} # Lingkungan Karang Suwung # Lingkungan Pandé # Lingkungan Kaja # Lingkungan Menesa # Lingkungan Puseh # Lingkungan Sama # Lingkungan Sawah # Lingkungan Begawan # Lingkungan Pitik # Lingkungan Geladag # Lingkungan Kepisah # Lingkungan Dukuh Pesirahan # Lingkungan Ambengan # Lingkungan Pesanggaran {{col-css3-end}} === Désa Adat === Mawit adat ring Kalurahan Pedungan punika kagenahin olih Désa Pakraman Pedungan, pahan ipun pateh sekadi pahan ring lingkungan kalurahan nyané.<ref name=lokabali>{{citation |url=https://nangunsatkerthilokabali.com/data-desa-adat-kota-denpasar/ |title=Data Désa Adat Kota Denpasar |access-date=9 November 2020 |publisher=NangunSatKertiLokaBali.com |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111055154/https://nangunsatkerthilokabali.com/data-desa-adat-kota-denpasar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Démograpi== Krama Pedungan nganti warsa 2016 kirang langkung 42.342 diri sané kabagi kalih 21.485 laki-laki miwah 20.857 perempuan antuk [[Sex ratio manusia|sex ratio]] 103.<ref name="denpasarkota.bps.go.id">[https://denpasarkota.bps.go.id/publication/2017/09/25/2e8f605c0340296987f2d64c/kecamatan-denpasar-selatan-dalam-angka-2017.html Kecamatan Dénpasar Selatan dalam Angka 2017], hal.27</ref> ==Subak== [[Subak]] ring wewidangan kalurahan Pedungan wantah wénten satunggal, inggih punika [[Subak Kerdung]], jangkep antuk pekaséh, prajuru, awig-awig, balé subak, pura subak miwah ulunsuwi. Wewengkon ipun sané mangkin manados ékowisata.<ref>{{citation |url=https://culture.denpasarkota.go.id/subak/detail/6/subak-kerdung.html |title=Subak Kerdung |publisher=Dinas Kebudayaan Kota Denpasar |access-date=17 Oktober 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Seni & Budaya == * [[Gambuh Pedungan]] ==Pustaka== {{Reflist}} === Pranala jaba === * {{id}} [https://www.baliprov.go.id/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001221716/https://www.baliprov.go.id/ |date=2023-10-01 }} [Pamrentahan Propinsi Bali] * {{id}} [https://bali.bps.go.id/ BPS Propinsi Bali] * {{id}} [https://www.denpasarkota.go.id/ Situs Pamrentahan Kota Dénpasar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111232059/https://www.denpasarkota.go.id/ |date=2024-01-11 }} * {{id}} [https://denpasarkota.bps.go.id/publication BPS Kota Dénpasar] * {{id}} [https://pedungan.denpasarkota.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kelurahan Pedungan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422071506/https://pedungan.denpasarkota.go.id/ |date=2019-04-22 }} ''cutetan: URL dados kauahin/ilang. Yening URL nenten aktip, ngiring kaapus saking lis.'' {{Dénpasar Selatan, Dénpasar}} {{Kota Dénpasar}} [[Kategori:Dénpasar Selatan, Dénpasar]] [[Kategori:Kelurahan ring Kota Dénpasar]] {{Kelurahan-stub}} 8rgon31wogvoxrf44uiap6b0n8e1yzb 0 13692 283221 158175 2026-10-07T07:53:29Z InternetArchiveBot 2766 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 283221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{1}} {{Kaca2|Aksara Latin}} {{Kaca1|[[ᬮᭀᬯᭀᬓ᭄ᬯᬭᬸ᭞​​ᬫᬮᬂ|Aksara Bali]]}} {{2}} {{Suratan basa alus}} {{Short description|Kecamatan ring Kota Malang, Jawa Timur}} {{Coord|-7.9461|112.6304|display=title}} {{Kecamatan |nama = Lowokwaru |peta = <!-- Tuliskan nama berkas lengkap. --> |gambar = Locator Kecamatan Lowokwaru di Kota Malang.png |caption = Peta genah Lowokwaru ring Kota Malang |koordinat = <!-- ITEM BELUM ADA --> |propinsi = Jawa Timur |dati2 = Kota |nama dati2 = Malang |nama camat = Drs. Wisnu Hidhiil Alfarisy |nama sekcam = <!-- Diisi dengan nama sekcam atau kepala distrik. --> |kode pos = <!-- Tuliskan kode pos kecamatan. --> |luas = ..km² |jumlah penduduk = ..diri |kepadatan = ..diri/km² |kelurahan = 12 |suku bangsa = |agama = }} '''Lowokwaru''' (Aksara Bali: ᬮᭀᬯᭀᬓ᭄ᬯᬭᬸ) inggih punika silih tunggil [[kecamatan]] ring [[Kota Malang]], propinsi [[Jawa Timur]], ring negara [[Indonésia]].<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Désémber 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref> == Pamréntahan == === Wawengkon administratip === Kecamatan Lowokwaru madué 12 kelurahan, inggih punika: # [[Jatimulyo, Lowokwaru, Malang|Jatimulyo]] Jl Simbar Menjangan 37, mawit kode pos 65141 # [[Lowokwaru, Lowokwaru, Malang|Lowokwaru]] Jl Tretes 10, mawit kode pos 65141 # [[Tulusrejo, Lowokwaru, Malang|Tulusrejo]] Jl Bantaran Barat II, mawit kode pos 65141 # [[Mojolangu, Lowokwaru, Malang|Mojolangu]] Jl Sudimoro 17, mawit kode pos 65142 # [[Tunjungsekar, Lowokwaru, Malang|Tunjungsekar]] Jl Ikan Piranha Atas, mawit kode pos 65142 # [[Tasikmadu, Lowokwaru, Malang|Tasikmadu]] Jl Raya Tasikmadu, mawit kode pos 65143 # [[Tunggulwulung, Lowokwaru, Malang|Tunggulwulung]] Jl Raya Bawang 1, mawit kode pos 65143 # [[Dinoyo, Lowokwaru, Malang|Dinoyo]] Jl MT Haryono XIII, mawit kode pos 65144 # [[Merjosari, Lowokwaru, Malang|Merjosari]] Jl Mertojoyo, mawit kode pos 65144 # [[Tlogomas, Lowokwaru, Malang|Tlogomas]] Jl Raya Tlogomas 56, mawit kode pos 65144 # [[Sumbersari, Lowokwaru, Malang|Sumbersari]] Jl Bend Sigura-gura 31, mawit kode pos 65145 # [[Ketawanggedé, Lowokwaru, Malang|Ketawanggedé]] Jl Kertosentono 103, mawit kode pos 65145 == Pustaka == {{Reflist}} === Pranala jaba === * {{id}} [https://malangkota.bps.go.id/publication BPS Kota Malang] * {{id}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200828140100/https://malangkota.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kota Malang] * {{id}} [http://www.prodeskel.binapemdes.kemendagri.go.id/mpublik/ Prodeskel Binapemdes Kemendagri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401173302/http://www.prodeskel.binapemdes.kemendagri.go.id/mpublik/ |date=2022-04-01 }} {{Lowokwaru, Malang}} {{Kota Malang}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Kota Malang]] [[Kategori:Kecamatan ring Kota Malang]] [[Kategori:Kecamatan ring Jawa Timur]] {{kecamatan-stub}} lupdlwhuz9im745ambeajma28qelgoh 0 15874 283216 281150 2026-10-07T06:04:45Z InternetArchiveBot 2766 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 283216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox eruption | name = Letusan Samalas 1257 | image = | image_size = | caption = | date = 1257 | start_time = | volcano = Samalas | type = [[Letusan Plinian|Ultra-Plinian]] | location = [[Nusa Lombok]], [[Indonésia]] | coordinates = {{coord|8|24|36|S|116|24|30|E|display=inline,title}} | VEI = 7<ref name="SI">{{cite web|url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=264030&vtab=Eruptions|title=Rinjani|work=[[Global Volcanism Program]]|publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]|access-date=22 January 2020}} | map = Lombok Topography (labelled).png | map_size= | map_caption = Kompléks gunung marapi-kaldéra ring kalér Lombok | impact = }} Ring warsa 1257, letusan ageng kawéntenang ring [[gunung marapi]] Samalas ring [[Nusa Lombok]]. Paindikan punika minab ageng [[Indéks Letusan Gunung Berapi]] nyané 7,{{efn|Indéks Letusan Gunung Berapi punika skala antuk mingukurin ageng nyané satunggil [[letusan eksplosip]];{{sfn|Newhall|Self|Robock|2018|p=572}} skala 7 manikayang letusan sané ageng pisan sané ngasilang sawatara {{convert|100|km3}} saking endapan vulkanik. Letusan puniki kawéntenan asiki utawi kaping kalih per milénium, yadiastun akéh nyané minab kantun iyegang mawinan cutetan géologi miwah lelintihan nyané nénten jangkep.{{sfn|Newhall|Self|Robock|2018|p=573}}}} manadosang silih tunggil letusan gunung marapi pinih ageng ri kala [[Holosén|aab Holosén]]. Punika nyiptayang [[kolom letusan]] nganti makilométer nuju atmospir miwah [[embakan piroklastik]] sané nanem makéhan nusa Lombok miwah nyebrangin segara nganti nusa [[Sumbawa]]. Embakan punika mingangcurin palemahan manusa, rumasuk kota [[Pamatan]], pinaka ibu kota satunggil krajaan ring Lombok. Abu saking letusan nganti {{convert|340|km}}ring [[Nusa Jawa]]; gunung berapi nedunang sakung saking {{convert|10|km3}}wewatuan miwah abu. ==Cutetan== {{notelist}} ==Pustaka== {{Reflist|3}} === Jurnal === * {{cite journal|last1= Michel |first1=Simon |last2=Swingedouw |first2=Didier |last3=Chavent |first3=Marie |last4=Ortega|first4=Pablo|last5=Mignot|first5=Juliette|last6=Khodri|first6=Myriam|title=Reconstructing climatic modes of variability from proxy records using ClimIndRec version 1.0|journal=Geoscientific Model Development|date=3 March 2020|volume=13|issue=2|page=852|doi=10.5194/gmd-13-841-2020|bibcode=2020GMD....13..841M|url=https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/841/2020/|language=en|issn=1991-959X|doi-access=free}} * {{cite journal|last1=Sousa|first1=Pedro M.|last2=Ramos|first2=Alexandre M.|last3=Raible|first3=Christoph C.|last4=Messmer|first4=M.|last5=Tomé|first5=Ricardo|last6=Pinto|first6=Joaquim G.|last7=Trigo|first7=Ricardo M.|title=North Atlantic Integrated Water Vapor Transport—From 850 to 2100 CE: Impacts on Western European Rainfall|journal=Journal of Climate|date=1 January 2020|volume=33|issue=1|page=267|doi=10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0348.1|bibcode=2020JCli...33..263S|url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/33/1/jcli-d-19-0348.1.xml?tab_body=fulltext-display|language=EN|issn=0894-8755}} * {{cite journal|last1=Du|first1=Xiaojing|last2=Hendy|first2=Ingrid|last3=Hinnov|first3=Linda|last4=Brown|first4=Erik|last5=Schimmelmann|first5=Arndt|last6=Pak|first6=Dorothy|title=Interannual Southern California Precipitation Variability During the Common Era and the ENSO Teleconnection|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|date=2020|volume=47|issue=1|page=8|doi=10.1029/2019GL085891|bibcode=2020GeoRL..4785891D|url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019GL085891|language=en|issn=1944-8007|doi-access=free|access-date=2021-03-05|archive-date=2020-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308114120/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019GL085891|url-status=dead}} * {{cite journal|last1=Hao|first1=Zhixin|last2=Zheng|first2=Jingyun|last3=Yu|first3=Yingzhuo|last4=Xiong|first4=Danyang|last5=Liu|first5=Yang|last6=Ge|first6=Quansheng|title=Climatic changes during the past two millennia along the Ancient Silk Road|journal=Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment|date=1 October 2020|volume=44|issue=5|pages=619–620|doi=10.1177/0309133319893919|s2cid=213726073|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0309133319893919|language=en|issn=0309-1333}} * {{Cite journal|date=2021|editor-last=Roverato|editor-first=Matteo|editor2-last=Dufresne|editor2-first=Anja|editor3-last=Procter|editor3-first=Jonathan|title=Volcanic Debris Avalanches|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-030-57411-6|journal=Advances in Volcanology|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6|issn=2364-3277|page=40|isbn=978-3-030-57410-9|s2cid=226971090}} * {{cite journal|last1=Dee|first1=Sylvia G.|last2=Cobb|first2=Kim M.|last3=Emile-Geay|first3=Julien|last4=Ault|first4=Toby R.|last5=Edwards|first5=R. 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(Lombok, Indonesia)| last1=Vidal| first1=Céline M.| last2=Komorowski| first2=Jean-Christophe| last3=Métrich| first3=Nicole| last4=Pratomo| first4=Indyo| last5=Kartadinata| first5=Nugraha| last6=Prambada| first6=Oktory| last7=Michel| first7=Agnès| last8=Carazzo| first8=Guillaume| last9=Lavigne| first9=Franck| last10=Rodysill| first10=Jessica| last11=Fontijn| first11=Karen| author12=Surono| journal=Bulletin of Volcanology| date=8 August 2015| volume=77| issue=9| page=73| doi=10.1007/s00445-015-0960-9| bibcode=2015BVol...77...73V| s2cid=127929333}} * {{cite journal|last1=Wade|first1=David C.|last2=Vidal|first2=Céline M.|last3=Abraham|first3=N. Luke|last4=Dhomse|first4=Sandip|last5=Griffiths|first5=Paul T.|last6=Keeble|first6=James|last7=Mann|first7=Graham|last8=Marshall|first8=Lauren|last9=Schmidt|first9=Anja|last10=Archibald|first10=Alexander T.|title=Reconciling the climate and ozone response to the 1257 CE Mount Samalas eruption|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=27 October 2020|volume=117|issue=43|pages=26651–26659|doi=10.1073/pnas.1919807117|pmid=33046643|pmc=7604509|bibcode=2020PNAS..11726651W|url=https://www.pnas.org/content/117/43/26651.short|language=en|issn=0027-8424|pmc-embargo-date=April 12, 2021}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{refend}} ==Pranala jaba== * {{cite web|url=https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/enquete-sur-leruption-qui-a-marque-le-moyen-age|author=Grégory Fléchet|date=13 August 2018|title=Investigation on the eruption that marked the Middle Ages – Enquête sur l'éruption qui a marqué le Moyen ge|work=CNRS Le journal|access-date=10 March 2019|ref=none}} * [https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/aug/05/medieval-volcano-disaster-london-graves Mass grave in London reveals how volcano caused global catastrophe] * [https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.3833178,116.4106039,37236m/data=!3m1!1e3?hl=en Google Earth view of the north of Lombok including Rinjani and the caldera] {{DEFAULTSORT:Samalas, meletus 1257}} [[Kategori:Gunung Marapi ring Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Letusan gunung marapi ring Indonésia]] [[Kategori:1257 ring Asia]] [[Kategori:1257 rin Éropa]] [[Kategori:1257 ring Inggris]] [[Kategori:1257]] [[Kategori:Letusan VEI-7|Samalas]] 1h3wcnnc51b2sku244z6snwzl09nx4k 0 21700 283214 209189 2026-10-06T15:09:44Z Angayubagia 6 283214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox university |name = Institut Seni Indonésia Dénpasar |native_name = ᬇᬦ᭄ᬲ᭄ᬢᬶᬢᬸᬢ᭄​ᬲᭂᬦᬶ​ᬇᬦ᭄ᬤᭀᬦᬾᬲᬶᬬ​ᬤᬾᬦ᭄ᬧᬲᬃ |image = |image_name = |image_size = |caption = Lambang Institut Seni Indonésia Dénpasar |latin_name = |motto = |mottoeng = |established = {{start date|2003|07|28|df=yes}} (karesmiang) |closed = |type = [[Universitas Negeri|Negeri]] |rector = Prof. Dr. I Wayan Adnyana, S.Sn., M.Sn. |faculty = |staff = |students = |undergrad = |postgrad = |doctoral = |other = |city = [[Dénpasar]] |province = [[Bali]] |country = [[Indonésia]] |coor = |campus = Urban |former_names = |free_label = |free = |sports = |colors = |colours = |nickname = |mascot = |athletics = |affiliations = |website = {{url|isi-dps.ac.id}} |logo = |footnotes = |coordinates = {{coord|-8.653592|115.232639|region:ID|display=it}} }} '''Institut Seni Indonésia Dénpasar''' kaancengang '''ISI Dénpasar''' inggih punika paguruan tinggi seni sané kaselenggara olih Kamantrian Pandidikan Nasional. Sané magenah ring metén miwah karen langsung majeng Mantri Pandidikan Nasional. ISI Dénpasar antuk kawigunaan inucap ring metén Dirjén Dikti Depdiknas. ISI Dénpasar kaadegang warsa 2003 punika asil integrasi Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonésia (STSI) ring Dénpasar miwah Program Studi Seni miwah Désain (PSSRD) [[Universitas Udayana]]. ==Lelintihan== ISI Dénpasar punika paguruan tinggi seni sané kaadégang saking Kaputusan Présidén Républik Indonésia Nomor 33 Warsa 2003 tanggal 26 Méi 2003 pinaka asil integrasi saking Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonésia (STSI) Denpasar sareng Program Studi Seni Rupa miwah Désain (PSSRD) Universitas Udayana.<ref>{{citation |url=https://isi-dps.ac.id/Sejarah-ISI-Denpasar/ |title=Sejarah |publisher=ISI Denpasar |accessdate=28 Agustus 2021}}</ref> == Lambang == ISI Dénpasar madué lambang sané kabaos Siwa Nataraja maka pamurtian Siwa pinaka adidewata pangréka seni. Pinaka adidéwata pangréka seni, catur tangan Idané soang-soang ngagem pustaka suci (niasa kawruhan); gurnita pakarana (pinaka niasa seni miwah budaya); genitri (niasa paiketan miwah kasaktian kawruhan); miwah pecut (niasa panuldul miwah pangwisésa kawruhan). Déwa Siwa sané ngadeg ring luhuring padma, kasongsong antuk kurma ageng (pinaka niasa kasukertan jagat). Padma wantah niasa Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, sapunika taler prabha sané ngiterin pinaka niasa kawisésan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Warna barak sané pinaka dasar pinaka niasa uleng pikayun miwah rasa tresna, tur warna sakadi emas sane wenten sajeroning lambang pinaka niasa kaagungan seni, kawruhan, miwah teknologi. == Tari Kaagungan == ISI Dénpasar ngelah tari kaagungan sané kaaranin [[Siwa nataraja|Ciwa Nataraja]], pangripta tari miwah panata busana olih N.L.N. Swasthi Widjaja Bandem, antuk panata tetabuhan olih I Nyoman Windha. Tari kaagungan ngambarang rupa nadi Ciwa manados pragina agung sané ngaripta jagat saking sesolahan, manados déwa pragina, Ciwa Nataraja punika stata masolah ngantos karipta ritme miwah kateraturan ring kosmos. Pancaran wasa suci Ciwa, salanturné masikian miwah karipta jagat semesta kajangkepin daging nyané. Sesolahan Ciwa Nataraja kasolahang olih 9 (sia) pragina, asiki malakon dados Ciwa, asapunika 8 (kutus) pragina liyanan punika simbol saking pancaran wasa suci Ciwa. Sesolahan Ciwa Nataraja punika campuhan riantara Sesolahan Bali sareng Sesolahan Bharata Natyam, sané jangkep tan kabisahang.<ref>{{citation |url=https://isi-dps.ac.id/tentang-isi-denpasar/ |title=Tentang ISI Denpasar |publisher=ISI Denpasar |accessdate=28 Agustus 2021}}</ref> ==Manggala== Puniki lis para manggala saking ASTI Dénpasar {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !No !Parab !Ngawit Jabatan !Puput Jabatan !Katerangan |- |colspan=5|'''Diréktur ASTI Dénpasar''' |- |1 |align=left|I Wayan Mertha Sutedja, BA. |1967 |1978 | |- |2 |align=left|Dr. I Madé Bandem.,MA. |1978 |1986 | |- |colspan=5|'''Manggala ASTI Dénpasar''' |- |3 |align=left|Prof. Dr. I Madé Bandem, MA |1986 |1997 | |- |4 |align=left|Prof. Dr. I Wayan Dibia, SST., MA. |1997 |2002 | |- |5 |align=left|Dr. I Wayan Rai S.,MA |2002 |2004 |} Puniki lis para manggala ring PSSRD Universitas Udayana {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !No !Parab !Ngawit Jabatan !Puput Jabatan !Katerangan |- |1 |align=left|Drs. Anak Agung Rai Kalam |1983 |1991 | |- |2 |align=left|Drs. I Madé Subrata |1991 |1999 | |- |3 |align=left|Drs I Nyoman Sukaya |1999 |2004 |} Puniki lis para manggala sesampun ASTI Dénpasar kacampuh sareng PSSRD Universitas Udayana, asapunika manggala nyané kaaranin Réktor ISI Dénpasar. {|class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;" !No !Parab !Ngawit Jabatan !Puput Jabatan !Katerangan |- |rowspan=2|1 |rowspan=2, align=left|Prof. Dr. I Wayan Rai S., MA |2004 |2008 | |- |2009 |2013 | |- |rowspan=2|2 |rowspan=2, align=left|Dr. I Gedé Arya Sugiartha,S.SKar.,M.Hum |2013 |2018 | |- |2018 |2021 | |- |rowspan=2|3 |rowspan=2, align=left|Prof. Dr. I Wayan Adnyana, S.Sn., M.Sn. |2021 |mangkin |} ==Akademik== ISI Dénpasar ngelah pat welas program studi saking Fakultas Seni Balih-balihan miwah Fakultas Seni Rupa miwah Désain taler Program Pascasarjana S2 miwah S3:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://isi-dps.ac.id/pendidikan/ |title=Pendidikan |access-date=28 Agustus 2021}}</ref> ;Fakultas Seni Balih-balihan: {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Program Studi Seni Karawitan * Program Studi Seni Tari * Program Studi Seni Musik * Program Studi Seni Padalangan * Program Studi Pandidikan Seni Balih-balihan {{col-css3-end}} ;Fakultas Seni Rupa miwah Désain: {{col-css3-begin|2}} * Program Studi DKV * Program Studi Désain Interior * Program Studi Désain Mode * Program Studi Seni Rupa Murni * Program Studi Seni Kriya * Program Studi Potografi * Program Studi Film miwah TV {{col-css3-end}} ;Program Pascasarjana S2 miwah S3: ==Pustaka== {{reflist}} ==Pranala jaba== * [http://www.isi-dps.ac.id/ Situs resmi universitas] * [http://www.isi-dps.ac.id/profile-umum Lelinitihan ring Basa Indonésia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922124018/http://www.isi-dps.ac.id/profile-umum |date=2014-09-22 }} {{Univérsitas ring Indonésia}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Dénpasar]] [[Kategori:Universitas ring Bali]] [[Kategori:Paguruan Tinggi Negeri Indonésia]] 9kw4dxh7826axvu1mdbx5qw7fta5lv9 0 33564 283222 266978 2026-10-07T08:44:56Z InternetArchiveBot 2766 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 283222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|-7.974829111986452|112.67395305748535|display=title}} {{Suratan basa alus}} {{Kelurahan |nama = Madyopuro |foto = |keterangan = Kantor Kelurahan Madyopuro |peta = <!-- Tuliskan nama berkas lengkap. --> |propinsi = Jawa Timur |dati2 = Kota |nama dati2 = Malang |dati3 = Kecamatan |kecamatan = Kedungkandang |nama pemimpin = |kode pos = 65139 |luas = |penduduk = |kepadatan = |kemendagri = |RW = |RT = |KK = |alamat = |website = }} '''Madyopuro''' (aksara Bali: ᬫᬤᭀᬧᬸᬭᭀ) inggih punika silih tunggil [[kelurahan]] sané magenah ring Kecamatan [[Kedungkandang, Malang|Kedungkandang]] ring wawengkon [[Kota Malang]], [[Jawa Timur]].<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Désémber 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref> == Pustaka == {{reflist}} === Pranala jaba === * {{id}} [http://www.jatimprov.go.id/ Situs Resmi Pamréntahan Provinsi Jawa Timur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806061058/http://www.jatimprov.go.id/ |date=2019-08-06 }} * {{id}} [https://malangkota.bps.go.id/publication BPS Kota Malang] * {{id}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200828140100/https://malangkota.go.id/ Situs Resmi Pamréntahan Kota Malang] * {{id}} [http://www.prodeskel.binapemdes.kemendagri.go.id/mpublik/ Prodeskel Binapemdes Kemendagri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401173302/http://www.prodeskel.binapemdes.kemendagri.go.id/mpublik/ |date=2022-04-01 }} {{Kedungkandang, Malang}} {{Kota Malang}} [[Kategori:Kedungkandang, Malang]] [[Kategori:Kelurahan ring Kota Malang]] {{Kelurahan-stub}} m5k4gxuf5c1mazh830osagwnh58k3ve 0 33565 283215 266868 2026-10-07T05:59:38Z InternetArchiveBot 2766 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 283215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|-7.983742036781233|112.65998311839009|display=title}} {{Suratan basa alus}} {{Kelurahan |nama = Lesanpuro |foto = |keterangan = Kantor Kelurahan Lesanpuro |peta = <!-- Tuliskan nama berkas lengkap. --> |propinsi = Jawa Timur |dati2 = Kota |nama dati2 = Malang |dati3 = Kecamatan |kecamatan = Kedungkandang |nama pemimpin = |kode pos = 65138 |luas = |penduduk = |kepadatan = |kemendagri = |RW = |RT = |KK = |alamat = |website = }} '''Lesanpuro''' (aksara Bali: ᬮᬾᬲᬦ᭄ᬧᬸᬭᭀ) inggih punika silih tunggil [[kelurahan]] sané magenah ring Kecamatan [[Kedungkandang, Malang|Kedungkandang]] ring wawengkon [[Kota Malang]], [[Jawa Timur]].<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Désémber 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref> == Pustaka == {{reflist}} === Pranala jaba === * {{id}} [http://www.jatimprov.go.id/ Situs Resmi Pamréntahan Provinsi Jawa Timur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806061058/http://www.jatimprov.go.id/ |date=2019-08-06 }} * {{id}} [https://malangkota.bps.go.id/publication BPS Kota Malang] * {{id}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200828140100/https://malangkota.go.id/ Situs Resmi Pamréntahan Kota Malang] * {{id}} [http://www.prodeskel.binapemdes.kemendagri.go.id/mpublik/ Prodeskel Binapemdes Kemendagri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401173302/http://www.prodeskel.binapemdes.kemendagri.go.id/mpublik/ |date=2022-04-01 }} {{Kedungkandang, Malang}} {{Kota Malang}} [[Kategori:Kedungkandang, Malang]] [[Kategori:Kelurahan ring Kota Malang]] {{Kelurahan-stub}} a6o2see1mfno9jbyct4djpdcjt7vkr6 0 33595 283220 266952 2026-10-07T07:53:12Z InternetArchiveBot 2766 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 283220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|-7.962414514163388|112.63290698359874|display=title}} {{Suratan basa alus}} {{Kelurahan |nama = Lowokwaru |foto = |keterangan = Kantor Kelurahan Lowokwaru |peta = <!-- Tuliskan nama berkas lengkap. --> |propinsi = Jawa Timur |dati2 = Kota |nama dati2 = Malang |dati3 = Kecamatan |kecamatan = Lowokwaru |nama pemimpin = |kode pos = 65111 |luas = |penduduk = |kepadatan = |kemendagri = |RW = |RT = |KK = |alamat = |website = }} '''Lowokwaru''' (aksara Bali: ᬮᭀᬯᭀᬓ᭄ᬯᬭᬸ) inggih punika silih tunggil [[kelurahan]] sané magenah ring Kecamatan [[Lowokwaru, Malang|Lowokwaru]] ring wawengkon [[Kota Malang]], [[Jawa Timur]].<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Désémber 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Républik Indonésia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref> == Pustaka == {{reflist}} === Pranala jaba === * {{id}} [http://www.jatimprov.go.id/ Situs Resmi Pamréntahan Provinsi Jawa Timur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806061058/http://www.jatimprov.go.id/ |date=2019-08-06 }} * {{id}} [https://malangkota.bps.go.id/publication BPS Kota Malang] * {{id}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200828140100/https://malangkota.go.id/ Situs Resmi Pamréntahan Kota Malang] * {{id}} [http://www.prodeskel.binapemdes.kemendagri.go.id/mpublik/ Prodeskel Binapemdes Kemendagri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401173302/http://www.prodeskel.binapemdes.kemendagri.go.id/mpublik/ |date=2022-04-01 }} {{Lowokwaru, Malang}} {{Kota Malang}} [[Kategori:Lowokwaru, Malang]] [[Kategori:Kelurahan ring Kota Malang]] {{Kelurahan-stub}} tm6rq2ilmuwl0gxhcwppd02j0lhnhbq 0 38442 283219 207531 2026-10-07T07:07:02Z Ashoppio 5793 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Coat of Arms of Veneto.png]] → [[File:Arms of Veneto.svg]] vector file 283219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | official_name = Veneto | native_name = {{native name|vec|Vèneto}} | native_name_lang = | other_name = Venetia | settlement_type = [[Région ring Itali|Région]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Veneto.svg | flag_alt = | image_shield = Arms of Veneto.svg | shield_size = 60px | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_size = | blank_emblem_type = | blank_emblem_alt = | nickname = | motto = | anthem = | image_map = Veneto in Italy.svg | mapsize = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|45|44|00|N|11|51|00|E|type:adm1st_region:IT-34|display=title,inline}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Negara | subdivision_name = [[Itali]] | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = Ibukota | seat = [[Vénesia]] | seat1_type = Kota pinih gede | seat1 = [[Vérona]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_party = [[Liga Veneta|LV]]–[[Lega Nord|LN]] | leader_title = Presiden | leader_name = [[Luca Zaia]] | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | total_type = | unit_pref = | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 18345 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_max_m = | elevation_min_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 4865380 | population_as_of = 2012-10-30 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = {{lang-en|Venetian}}<br />{{lang-it|Veneto}} (man)<br />{{lang-it|Veneta}} (woman) | population_note = | population_blank1_title = | population_blank1 = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | demographics1_title2 = | demographics1_info2 = | demographics1_title3 = | demographics1_info3 = | timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = [[ISO 3166 code]] | area_code = IT-34 | blank_name_sec1 = [[List of Italian regions by GDP|GDP (nominal)]] | blank_info_sec1 = €163 billion (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tgs00003&plugin=1 |title=Eurostat – Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table |publisher=Epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu |date=2011-03-11 |access-date=2011-06-03}}</ref> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[List of Italian regions by GDP|GDP per capita]] | blank1_info_sec1 = €33,200 (2018)<ref name="GDP">{{cite press release |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417095003/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/10474907/1-05032020-AP-EN.pdf/81807e19-e4c8-2e53-c98a-933f5bf30f58 |archive-date=2020-04-17 |url-status=live |title=Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018 |publisher=ec.europa.eu |access-date=1 September 2020}}</ref> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021) | blank2_info_sec1 = 0.903<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/ITA/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2019|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2023-03-05}}</ref><br/>{{color|green|very high}} · [[List of Italian regions by Human Development Index|8th of 21]] | blank_name_sec2 = [[First-level NUTS of the European Union#Italy|NUTS Region]] | blank_info_sec2 = ITD | website = [https://www.regione.veneto.it www.regione.veneto.it] | footnotes = }} [[File:Panorama of Canal Grande and Ponte di Rialto, Venice - September 2017.jpg|jmpl|[[Vénesia]], tatujon wisata utama lan ibu kota Vénéto]] [[File:Lago di Alleghe, Belluno, Italy.jpg|jmpl|right|Lake [[Alleghe]] near [[Belluno]]]] [[File:Faloria Cortina d'Ampezzo 10.jpg|jmpl|right|[[Cortina d'Ampezzo]]]] [[File:Fiume Piave 018.jpg|jmpl|right|The [[Piave (river)|Piave River]]]] [[File:Venice, Laguna03.JPG|jmpl|right|The [[Venetian Lagoon]] at sunset]] '''Vénéto''' ({{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|v|ɛ|n|ə|t|oʊ|,_|ˈ|v|eɪ|n|-}},<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/veneto|title=Veneto|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=21 Oktober 2012}}</ref> {{IPA-it|ˈvɛːneto|lang}};<ref name="OED">{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Venetia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915050314/https://www.lexico.com/definition/venetia |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-09-15 |title=Venetia |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{lang-vec|Vèneto}} {{IPA-vec|ˈvɛneto|}}) utawi '''Vénétia'''<ref name="OED"/> inggih punika silih sinunggil saking 20 [[région ring Itali]]. Akéh panjakné sawatara lima yuta, paringkat kapat ring [[Itali]]. Ibu kota wawengkon puniki ring [[Vénesia]] sapunika kota pinih agengné ring [[Vérona]]. ==Géograpi== [[File:Veneto SRTM.png|jmpl|right|Peta réliéf Vénéto]] Vénéto punikw wawengkon pinih ageng ka-8 ring Itali, antuk jimbar total {{Convert|18398.9|km2|sqmi|1|abbr=on}}. Magenah ring pahan kalér kangin Itali miwah ring sisi kangin mawatesan sareng [[Friuli-Vénézia Giulia]], ring kelod wénten [[Émilia-Romagna]], sikauh wénten [[Lombardia]] miwah sikalér olih [[Tréntino-Alto Adigé/Südtirol]]. Ring bucu pinih kalér taler mawatesan sareng [[Austria]]. == Pustaka == <references/> {{Region ring Itali}} 71jiybo9nn53gor5rwhggeo743lwlmp 0 49592 283218 214721 2026-10-07T06:57:59Z InternetArchiveBot 2766 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 283218 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="float:right; border:1px solid silver; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;">{{Israél cities labeled map}}</div> Puniki suratan indik '''lis [[kota]] ring [[Israél]]'''. Lis puniki indik kota-kota ring [[Israél]] miwah [[pemukiman Israél]] sane madue status kota ring [[Tepi Barat]]. Lis puniki kadasarin saking indéks saking [[Biro Pusat Statistik Israél]]. Ring sistem pamréntahan kota ring Israel, wawidangan kota prasida kadadosang [[dewan kota (Israél)]] olih [[Kementrian Dalam Negeri Israel]] rikala akéh kramanyané luwih teken 20.000 diri.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/State/Democracy/Pages/Israeli%20Democracy%20-%20How%20does%20it%20work.aspx |title=Israeli Democracy: How Does It Work? |publisher=Kementerian Urusan Luar Negeri Israél |accessdate=8 Mei 2013}}</ref> Kruna "kota" ketahnyané nénten maosang indik [[dewan lokal (Israél)|dewan lokal]] utawi [[aglomerasi perkotaan]], yadiastun widangan sané kawastanin kota sering wantah pahan alit saking widangan perkotaan utawi kawéntenan krama saking widangan metropolitan. == Lis == Israel madué 14 kota sané madué krama 100.000 diri, rumasuk [[Yerusalem]] sané madué krama 500.000 diri (taler Yerusalem Kangin sané kajangkepin), miwah [[Tel Aviv]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |title=Inventory of World Cities |publisher=Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network |accessdate=2008-04-11 |archive-date=2013-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014191556/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/citylist.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sajeroning punika, wénten 75 kota ring Israel sané kajudi status "kota" olih Kementrian Dalam Negeri. Daftar tersebut termasuk empat pemukiman Israél di Tepi Barat, sebuah wilayah di luar teritorial Israél yang berdaulat. [[Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]],<ref>[[Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 446|Resolusi 446]], [[Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 465|Resolusi 465]], Resolusi 484, dan lain-lain</ref> [[Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Applicability of the Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, to the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem, and the other occupied Arab territories |publisher=[[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] |date=17 Desember 2003 |url=http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/97360ee7a29e68a085256df900723485/d6f5d7049734efff85256e1200677754 |accessdate=2006-09-27 |archive-date=2007-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603050844/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/97360ee7a29e68a085256df900723485/d6f5d7049734efff85256e1200677754 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Mahkamah Internasional]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory |publisher=[[Dewan Kehakiman Internasional]] |date=9 Juli 2004 |url=http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/85255e950050831085255e95004fa9c3/3740e39487a5428a85256ecc005e157a |accessdate=2006-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070828174856/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAl.NSF/85255e950050831085255e95004fa9c3/3740e39487a5428a85256ecc005e157a |archive-date=2007-08-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> dan [[Komite Internasional Palang Merah]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/5fldpj.htm |title=Implementation of the Fourth Geneva Convention in the occupied Palestinian territories: history of a multilateral process (1997-2001) |date=30 September 2002 |work=International Review of the Red Cross |publisher=Komite Internasional Palang Merah |accessdate=11 Oktober 2012 |archive-date=2011-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110207175611/http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/5fldpj.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> menyatakannya sebagai [[Teritorial Pendudukan Palestina]]. Wilayah dan jumlah penduduk [[Yerusalem]] termasuk Yerusalem Timur secara [[de facto]] dianeksasi oleh Israél dan dimasukkan pada perbatasan wilayah Yerusalem di bawah [[Hukum Yerusalem]]. Namun, hal ini tidak diakui oleh masyarakat internasional yang menyatakan Yerusalem Timur sebagai bagian dari Teritorial Pendudukan Palestina.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2001/israel_and_the_palestinians/issues/1682594.stm|title=Jerusalem: Crucible of the conflict|last=Symon|first=Fiona|date=4 December 2001|publisher=BBC News Online|accessdate=11 Oktober 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.btselem.org/jerusalem |title=Background on East Jerusalem |date=8 Juli 2012 |publisher=B'Tselem |accessdate=11 Oktober 2012}}</ref> Puniki lis kota-kota ring Israel manut aran, wewidangan, miwah akéh kramanyané manut Sensus Pusat Statistik Israel 2009:<ref name="cbs-eoy2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2010/table3.pdf|publisher=[[Biro Pusat Statistik Israél]]|title=Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 2,000 Residents and Other Rural Population|date=2010-06-30|accessdate=2011-01-29}}</ref> [[Berkas:Jerusalem Dome of the rock BW 14.JPG|jmpl|300px|[[Yerusalem]]]] [[Berkas:Azriely.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Tel Aviv]]]] [[Berkas:Haifa Israel by David Shankbone.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Haifa]]]] [[Berkas:Rishonlecijon012.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Rishon LeZion]]]] [[Berkas:PT-Haim Ozer2.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Petah Tikva]]]] [[Berkas:Ashdod Marina Aerial View.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Ashdod]]]] [[Berkas:Citybeersheva.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Beersheba]]]] [[Berkas:Norpor004.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Holon]]]] [[Berkas:PikiWiki Israel 19017 Krauze pedetstrian street in Netanya.JPG|jmpl|300px|[[Netanya]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width:140pt;"|Aran umum ![[Distrik di Israél|Distrik]] ![[bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]] ![[bahasa Arab|Arab]] !Penduduk<br />(2009)<ref name="cbs-eoy2009" />{{Cref|n}} !Wilayah<br />(km²)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/local_authorities2004/excel/p_excel.xls |title=2004 local government profile |accessdate=2007-08-17 |publisher=Biro Pusat Statistik Israél |language={{he icon}}}}</ref> |- |[[Acre, Israél|Acre]]{{Cref|a}} |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| עכו |dir=rtl| عكا |align=right| 46,300 |align=right| 13.533 |- |[[Afula]] |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| עפולה |dir=rtl| العفولة |align=right| 40,500 |align=right| 26.909 |- |[[Arad, Israél|Arad]] |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| ערד |dir=rtl| عراد |align=right|23,400 |align=right|93.140 |- |[[Ariel (kota)|Ariel]]{{Cref|b}} |[[Wilayah Yudea dan Samaria|Yudea & Samaria]]<br />([[Tepi&nbsp;Barat]]){{Cref|c}} |dir=rtl| אריאל |dir=rtl| أريأل |align=right|17,600 |align=right|14.677 |- |[[Ashdod]] |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| אשדוד |dir=rtl| أشدود |align=right|206,400 |align=right|47.242 |- |[[Ashkelon]]{{Cref|d}} |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| אשקלון |dir=rtl| عسقلان |align=right|111,900 |align=right|47.788 |- |[[Baqa-Jatt]] |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| באקה-ג'ת |dir=rtl| باقة جت |align=right|34,300 |align=right|16.392 |- |[[Bat Yam]] |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| בת ים |dir=rtl| بات يام |align=right|130,000 |align=right|8.167 |- |[[Beersheba]]{{Cref|e}} |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| באר שבע |dir=rtl| بئر السبع |align=right|197,300 |align=right|52.903 |- |[[Beit She'an]]{{Cref|f}} |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| בית שאן |dir=rtl| بيسان |align=right|16,900 |align=right|7.330 |- |[[Beit Shemesh]]{{Cref|g}} |[[Distrik Yerusalem|Yerusalem]] |dir=rtl| בית שמש |dir=rtl| بيت شيمش |align=right|77,100 |align=right|34.259 |- |[[Beitar Illit]] |[[Wilayah Yudea dan Samaria|Yudea & Samaria]]<br />(Tepi&nbsp;Barat){{Cref|c}} |dir=rtl| ביתר עילית |dir=rtl| بيتار عيليت |align=right|35,000 |align=right|6.801 |- |[[Bnei Brak]]{{Cref|h}} |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| בני ברק |dir=rtl| بني براك |align=right|154,400 |align=right|7.088 |- |[[Dimona]] |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| דימונה |dir=rtl| ديمونة |align=right|32,400 |align=right|29.877 |- |[[Eilat]]{{Cref|j}} |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| אילת |dir=rtl| إيلات |align=right|47,400 |align=right|84.789 |- |[[El'ad]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| אלעד |dir=rtl| أيلعاد |align=right|36,300 |align=right|2.756 |- |[[Giv'atayim]] |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| גבעתיים |dir=rtl| جفعاتايم |align=right|53,000 |align=right|3.246 |- |[[Giv'at Shmuel]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| גבעת שמואל |dir=rtl| |align=right|21,800 |align=right|2.579 |- |[[Hadera]] |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| חדרה |dir=rtl| الخضيرة |align=right|80,200 |align=right|49.359 |- |[[Haifa]] |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| חיפה |dir=rtl| حيفا |align=right|265,600 |align=right|63.666 |- |[[Herzliya]]{{Cref|k}} |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| הרצליה |dir=rtl| هرتسليا |align=right|87,000 |align=right|21.585 |- |[[Hod HaSharon]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| הוד השרון |dir=rtl| هود هشارون |align=right|47,200 |align=right|21.585 |- |[[Holon]] |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| חולון |dir=rtl| حولون |align=right|184,700 |align=right|18.927 |- |[[Karmiel]]{{Cref|l}} |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| כרמיאל |dir=rtl| كرميئيل |align=right|44,100 |align=right|19.188 |- |[[Kafr Qasim]]{{Cref|m}} |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| כפר קאסם |dir=rtl| كفر قاسم |align=right|18,800 |align=right|8.745 |- |[[Kfar Saba]]{{Cref|o}} |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| כפר סבא |dir=rtl| كفار سابا |align=right|83,600 |align=right|14.169 |- |[[Kiryat Ata]]{{Cref|p}} |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| קריית אתא |dir=rtl| كريات آتا |align=right|50,700 |align=right|16.706 |- |[[Kiryat Bialik]]{{Cref|q}} |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| קריית ביאליק |dir=rtl| كريات بياليك |align=right|37,300 |align=right|8.178 |- |[[Kiryat Gat]]{{Cref|r}} |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| קריית גת |dir=rtl| كريات جات |align=right|47,400 |align=right|16.302 |- |[[Kiryat Malakhi]]{{Cref|s}} |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| קריית מלאכי |dir=rtl| كريات ملاخي |align=right|20,600 |align=right|4.632 |- |[[Kiryat Motzkin]]{{Cref|t}} |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| קריית מוצקין |dir=rtl| كريات موتسكين |align=right|38,000 |align=right|3.778 |- |[[Kiryat Ono]]{{Cref|u}} |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| קריית אונו |dir=rtl| كريات أونو |align=right|31,000 |align=right|4.112 |- |[[Kiryat Shmona]]{{Cref|v}} |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| קריית שמונה |dir=rtl| كريات شمونة |align=right|23,100 |align=right|14.228 |- |[[Kiryat Yam]]{{Cref|w}} |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| קריית ים |dir=rtl| كريات يام |align=right|37,700 |align=right|4.339 |- |[[Lod]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| לוד |dir=rtl| اللد |align=right|69,800 |align=right|12.226 |- |[[Ma'ale Adumim]] |[[Wilayah Yudea dan Samaria|Yudea & Samaria]]<br />(Tepi&nbsp;Barat){{Cref|c}} |dir=rtl| מעלה אדומים |dir=rtl| معلي أدوميم |align=right|34,300 |align=right|49.177 |- |[[Ma'alot-Tarshiha]] |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| מעלות-תרשיחא |dir=rtl| معالوت ترشيحا |align=right|20,600 |align=right|6.832 |- |[[Migdal HaEmek]]{{Cref|x}} |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| מגדל העמק |dir=rtl| مجدال هعيمق |align=right|23,900 |align=right|7.637 |- |[[Modi'in Illit]] |[[Wilayah Yudea dan Samaria|Yudea & Samaria]]<br />(Tepi&nbsp;Barat){{Cref|c}} |dir=rtl| מודיעין עילית |dir=rtl| موديعين عيليت |align=right|46,200 |align=right|4.746 |- |[[Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut]]{{Cref|y}} |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| מודיעין-מכבים-רעות |dir=rtl| موديعين-مكابيم-ريعوت |align=right|72,700 |align=right|50.176 |- |[[Nahariya]]{{Cref|z}} |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| נהריה |dir=rtl| نهاريا |align=right|51,200 |align=right|10.233 |- |[[Nazareth]] |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| נצרת |dir=rtl| الناصرة |align=right|72,200 |align=right|14.123 |- |[[Nazareth Illit]]{{Cref|aa}} |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| נצרת עילית |dir=rtl| الناصرة العليا |align=right|40,800 |align=right|32.521 |- |[[Nesher]] |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| נשר |dir=rtl| نيشر |align=right|23,600 |align=right|12.790 |- |[[Ness Ziona]]{{Cref|ab}} |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| נס ציונה |dir=rtl| نيس تسيونا |align=right|38,100 |align=right|15.579 |- |[[Netanya]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| נתניה |dir=rtl| نتانيا |align=right|183,200 |align=right|28.954 |- |[[Netivot]] |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| נתיבות |dir=rtl| نتيفوت |align=right|26,700 |align=right|5.626 |- |[[Ofakim]]{{Cref|ac}} |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| אופקים |dir=rtl| أوفاكيم |align=right|24,000 |align=right|10.273 |- |[[Or Akiva]]{{Cref|ad}} |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| אור עקיבא |dir=rtl| أور عكيفا |align=right|16,100 |align=right|3.539 |- |[[Or Yehuda]] |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| אור יהודה |dir=rtl| أور يهودا |align=right|34,400 |align=right|5.141 |- |[[Petah Tikva]]{{Cref|ae}} |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| פתח תקווה |dir=rtl| بيتح تكفا |align=right|209,600 |align=right|35.868 |- |[[Qalansawe]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| קלנסווה |dir=rtl| قلنسوة |align=right|18,700 |align=right|8.417 |- |[[Ra'anana]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| רעננה |dir=rtl| رعنانا |align=right|68,300 |align=right|14.878 |- |[[Rahat]] |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| רהט |dir=rtl| رهط |align=right|51,700 |align=right|19.586 |- |[[Ramat Gan]] |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| רמת גן |dir=rtl| رمات غان |align=right|145,000 |align=right|13.229 |- |[[Ramat HaSharon]] |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| רמת השרון |dir=rtl| رمات هشارون |align=right|40,600 |align=right|16.792 |- |[[Ramla]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| רמלה |dir=rtl| الرملة |align=right|65,800 |align=right|11.854 |- |[[Rehovot]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| רחובות |dir=rtl| رحوفوت |align=right|112,700 |align=right|23.041 |- |[[Rishon LeZion]]{{Cref|af}} |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| ראשון לציון |dir=rtl| ريشون لتسيون |align=right|228,200 |align=right|58.704 |- |[[Rosh HaAyin]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| ראש העין |dir=rtl| رأس العين |align=right|38,500 |align=right|24.390 |- |[[Safed]]{{Cref|ag}} |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| צפת |dir=rtl| صفد |align=right|29,500 |align=right|29.248 |- |[[Sakhnin]] |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| סח'נין |dir=rtl| سخنين |align=right|25,700 |align=right|9.816 |- |[[Sderot]]{{Cref|ah}} |[[Distrik Selatan (Israél)|Selatan]] |dir=rtl| שדרות |dir=rtl| سديروت |align=right|23,700 |align=right|4.472 |- |[[Shefa-'Amr]] (Shfar'am){{Cref|ai}} |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| שפרעם |dir=rtl| شفا عمرو |align=right|36,200 |align=right|19.766 |- |[[Tamra]] |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| טמרה |dir=rtl| طمرة |align=right|28,700 |align=right|29.259 |- |[[Tayibe]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| טייבה |dir=rtl| الطيبة |align=right|36,500 |align=right|18.662 |- |[[Tel Aviv]]{{Cref|aj}} |[[Distrik Tel Aviv|Tel Aviv]] |dir=rtl| תל אביב |dir=rtl| تل أبيب يافا |align=right|403,700 |align=right|51.788 |- |[[Tiberias]] |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| טבריה |dir=rtl| طبريا |align=right|41,300 |align=right|10.872 |- |[[Tira, Israél|Tira]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| טירה |dir=rtl| الطيرة |align=right|22,600 |align=right|11.894 |- |[[Tirat Carmel]]{{Cref|ak}} |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| טירת כרמל |dir=rtl| طيرة الكرمل |align=right|18,600 |align=right|5.601 |- |[[Umm al-Fahm]] |[[Distrik Haifa|Haifa]] |dir=rtl| אום אל-פחם |dir=rtl| أم الفحم |align=right|46,100 |align=right|22.253 |- |[[Yavne]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| יבנה |dir=rtl| يبنة |align=right|33,000 |align=right|10.700 |- |[[Yehud-Monosson]] |[[Distrik Tengah (Israél)|Tengah]] |dir=rtl| יהוד-מונוסון |dir=rtl| يهود مونوسون |align=right|26,500 |align=right|5.014 |- |[[Yerusalem]] |[[Distrik Yerusalem|Yerusalem]] |dir=rtl| ירושלים |dir=rtl| أورشليم, القدس |align=right|815,600 |align=right|125.156 |- |[[Yokneam]] |[[Distrik Utara (Israél)|Utara]] |dir=rtl| יקנעם |dir=rtl| يوقنعم |align=right|19,100 |align=right|7.390 |} == Kota yang jumlah penduduknya bertambah == Delapan kota jumlah penduduknya bertambah lebih dari 10% antara tahun 2005 dan 2010:<ref name="CBSestimate2005" /><ref name="CBSestimate2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/ishuvim/ishuv2010/table7.xls|title=TABLE 7.- POPULATION IN MUNICIPALITIES, AND LOCAL COUNCILS |format=XLS|accessdate=3 November 2013|year=2010|publisher=[[Biro Pusat Statistik Israél]]}}</ref>{{Cref|al}} [[Berkas:Modern bet shemesh.png|jmpl|300px|[[Beit Shemesh]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;" |- ! style="width:140pt;"|Nama !Penduduk<br />pada 2005 !Penduduk<br />pada 2010 !Pertumbuhan !Perubahan<br />persentase |- |align="left"|[[Beitar Illit]] |27,000 |37,600 |10,600 |39.3% |- |align="left"|[[Rahat]] |38,900 |53,100 |14,200 |36.6% |- |align="left"|[[Ness Ziona]] |29,300 |39,100 |9,800 |33.7% |- |align="left"|[[Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut]] |58,000 |76,500 |18,500 |31.8% |- |align="left"|[[Kiryat Ono]] |25,400 |32,200 |6,800 |26.9% |- |align="left"|[[Beit Shemesh]] |65,900 |80,600 |14,700 |22.3% |- |align="left"|[[Ma'ale Adumim]] |30,200 |35,700 |5,500 |18.4% |- |align="left"|[[Petah Tikva]] |179,400 |211,100 |31,700 |17.7% |- |align="left"|[[Ramat HaSharon]] |36,200 |41,300 |4,100 |14.0% |- |align="left"|[[Ramat Gan]] |128,400 |145,900 |17,500 |13.7% |- |align="left"|[[Qalansawe]] |16,900 |19,200 |2,300 |13.6% |- |align="left"|[[Nazareth]] |64,300 |73,000 |8,700 |13.5% |- |align="left"|[[Netivot]] |24,300 |27,500 |3,200 |13.3% |- |align="left"|[[Tayibe]] |33,000 |37,300 |4,300 |12.9% |- |align="left"|[[Tamra]] |26,000 |29,300 |3,300 |12.8% |- |align="left"|[[Nesher]] |21,300 |24,000 |2,700 |12.7% |- |align="left"|[[Shfar'am]] |32,800 |36,900 |4,100 |12.5% |- |align="left"|[[Hod HaSharon]] |43,100 |48,500 |4,400 |12.4% |- |align="left"|[[Rehovot]] |103,000 |115,600 |12,600 |12.2% |- |align="left"|[[Giv'atayim]] |48,700 |54,000 |5,300 |10.9% |- |align="left"|[[Tira, Israél|Tira]] |20,700 |22,900 |2,200 |10.8% |} == Kota yang jumlah penduduknya menurun == Terdapat enam kota yang jumlah penduduknya menurun dari 2005 sampai 2010:<ref name="CBSestimate2005" /><ref name="CBSestimate2010" /> [[Berkas:PikiWiki Israél 4562 Dimona renewal.JPG|jmpl|300px|[[Dimona]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;" |- ! style="width:140pt;"|Name !Penduduk<br />pada 2005 !Penduduk<br />pada 2010 !Penurunan !Perubahan<br />persentase |- |align="left"|[[Nazareth Illit]] |43,700 |40,900 |3,200 |6.4% |- |align="left"|[[Ra'anana]] |71,900 |68,900 |3,000 |4.2% |- |align="left"|[[Kiryat Motzkin]] |39,800 |38,500 |1,300 |3.2% |- |align="left"|[[Dimona]] |33,500 |32,600 |900 |2.7% |- |align="left"|[[Migdal HaEmek]] |24,700 |24,100 |600 |2.6% |- |align="left"|[[Tirat Karmel]] |18,900 |18,600 |300 |1.4% |- |align="left"|[[Ma'alot-Tarshiha]] |21,100 |20,900 |200 |1% |} == Kota dengan sejumlah besar imigran == Berikut adalah daftar kota dengan jumlah imigran lebih dari 10%. Biro Pusat Statistik Israél menyatakan bahwa para imigran tersebut adalah [[aliyah|yang datang ke Israél]] setelah 1990. Kebanyakan berasal dari [[negara-negara bekas Uni Soviet|berkas Uni Soviet]], selain terdapat beberapa yang berasal dari [[Ethiopia]] dan [[Argentina]]. Data ini dikoreksi pada Desember 2004:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton56/st02_14.pdf | format=PDF | title=Population and density per sq. km. in localities | accessdate=2008-04-11 | publisher=Israél CBS | archive-date=2008-04-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080407044619/http://www1.cbs.gov.il/shnaton56/st02_14.pdf | dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Berkas:Nazareth Illit view.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Nazareth Illit]]]] [[Berkas:Karmiel Ramat-Rabin district September 2006.jpg|jmpl|300px|[[Karmiel]]]] {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;" |- ! style="width:140pt;"|Nama !Penduduk<br />(2004) !Imigran<br />sejak 1990 !Persentase |- |align="left"|[[Nazareth Illit]] |43,900 |20,300 |46.2% |- |align="left"|[[Arad, Israél|Arad]] |23,500 |10,100 |43.0% |- |align="left"|[[Ariel (kota)|Ariel]] |16,400 |7,000 |42.7% |- |align="left"|[[Or Akiva]] |15,800 |6,700 |42.4% |- |align="left"|[[Karmiel]] |43,500 |16,900 |38.9% |- |align="left"|[[Sderot]] |20,000 |7,400 |37.0% |- |align="left"|[[Ma'alot-Tarshiha]] |21,000 |7,700 |36.7% |- |align="left"|[[Kiryat Yam]] |38,000 |13,900 |36.6% |- |align="left"|[[Ashdod]] |196,900 |69,600 |35.4% |- |align="left"|[[Ashkelon]] |105,100 |36,100 |34.4% |- |align="left"|[[Bat Yam]] |130,400 |42,800 |32.8% |- |align="left"|[[Kiryat Gat]] |47,800 |15,300 |32.0% |- |align="left"|[[Nesher]] |21,200 |6,500 |30.7% |- |align="left"|[[Beersheba]] |184,500 |56,200 |30.5% |- |align="left"|[[Hadera]] |75,300 |22,200 |29.5% |- |align="left"|[[Netanya]] |169,400 |46,400 |27.4% |- |align="left"|[[Haifa]] |268,300 |66,300 |24.7% |- |align="left"|[[Petah Tikva]] |176,200 |37,200 |21.1% |- |align="left"|[[Rehovot]] |101,900 |20,200 |19.8% |- |align="left"|[[Rishon LeZion]] |217,400 |40,200 |18.5% |- |align="left"|[[Holon]] |165,800 |29,500 |17.8% |- |align="left"|[[Tel Aviv]] |371,400 |45,500 |12.3% |} == Cutetan == {{div col||20em}} * {{Cnote|a|CBS masengguh: Akko}} * {{Cnote|b|CBS masengguh: Ari'el}} * {{Cnote|c|Kota-kota tersebut terletak di [[Tepi&nbsp;Barat]], sebuah wilayah di Israél yang tidak memperlihatkan kedaulatannya. Dibawah [[hukum internasional]], Tepi&nbsp;Barat dinyatakan secara ''[[de jure]]'' adalah sebuah [[Teritorial (subdivisi negara)|teritorial]] yang bukan bagian dari [[negara berdaulat|negara]]. Tepi&nbsp;Barat, termasuk [[Yerusalem Timur]], dimasukkan dalam pendudukan teritorial Palestina oleh Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa dan sejumlah organisasi hak asasi manusia.}} * {{Cnote|d|CBS masengguh: Ashqelon}} * {{Cnote|e|CBS masengguh: Be'er Sheva}} * {{Cnote|f|CBS masengguh: Bet She'an}} * {{Cnote|g|CBS masengguh: Bet Shemesh}} * {{Cnote|h|CBS masengguh: Bene Beraq}} * {{Cnote|i|CBS masengguh: Ir Karmel}} * {{Cnote|j|CBS masengguh: Elat}} * {{Cnote|k|CBS masengguh: Herzliyya}} * {{Cnote|l|CBS masengguh: Karmi'el}} * {{Cnote|m|CBS masengguh: Kafar Qasem}} * {{Cnote|o|CBS masengguh: Kefar Sava}} * {{Cnote|p|CBS masengguh: Qiryat Atta}} * {{Cnote|q|CBS masengguh: Qiryat Bialik}} * {{Cnote|r|CBS masengguh: Qiryat Gat}} * {{Cnote|s|CBS masengguh: Qiryat Mal'akhi}} * {{Cnote|t|CBS masengguh: Qiryat Motzkin}} * {{Cnote|u|CBS masengguh: Qiryat Ono}} * {{Cnote|v|CBS masengguh: Qiryat Shemona}} * {{Cnote|w|CBS masengguh: Qiryat Yam}} * {{Cnote|x|CBS masengguh: Migdal HaEmeq}} * {{Cnote|y|CBS masengguh: Modi'in-Makkabbim-Re'ut}} * {{Cnote|z|CBS masengguh: Nahariyya}} * {{Cnote|aa|CBS masengguh: Nazerat Illit}} * {{Cnote|ab|CBS masengguh: Nes Ziyyona}} * {{Cnote|ac|CBS masengguh: Ofaqim}} * {{Cnote|ad|CBS masengguh: Or Aqiva}} * {{Cnote|ae|CBS masengguh: Petah Tiqwa}} * {{Cnote|af|CBS masengguh: Rishon LeZiyyon}} * {{Cnote|ag|CBS masengguh: Zefat}} * {{Cnote|ah|CBS masengguh: Sderot}} * {{Cnote|ai|CBS masengguh: Shefar'am}} * {{Cnote|aj|CBS masengguh: Tel Aviv-Yafo}} * {{Cnote|ak|CBS masengguh: Tirat Karmel}} * {{Cnote|al|Kota-kota tertenu dikeluarkan dari daftar tersebut oleh [[dewan lokal (Israél)|dewan lokal]] pada 2005, terutama [[Modi'in Illit]], [[El'ad]] dan [[Giv'at Shmu'el]].}} {{div col end}} == Pustaka == {{reflist|25em|refs= <ref name="CBSestimate2005">{{cite web|url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/population/new_2006/table3.pdf|title=Table 3 – Population of Localities Numbering Above 1,000 Residents and Other Rural Population|publisher=Biro Pusat Statistik Israél|date=31 Desember 2005|accessdate=2010-05-07}}</ref> }} === Cingak malih === {{Portal|Israél|Geografi}} {{div col||20em}} * [[Propinsi ring Israél]] * [[Dewan kota (Israél)]] * [[Pemukiman penduduk (Israél)]] * [[Demografi di Israél]] * [[Pengembangan kota]] * [[Distrik di Israél]] * [[Geografi di Israél]] * [[Perumahan di Israél]] * [[Daftar pemukiman Israél dengan status kota di Tepi Barat]] * [[Daftar kota kembar dan kota bersaudara Israél]] * [[Daftar kibbutzim]] * [[Daftar moshavim shitufiim]] * [[Daftar kota di teritorial Palestina]] {{div col end}} === Pranala jaba === * [http://www.world-gazetteer.com/s/p_il.htm Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001044257/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/s/p_il.htm |date=2007-10-01 }} * [http://www.urbanisrael.com Urban Israél: Details and pictures about many cities in Israél] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726220227/http://urbanisrael.com/ |date=2019-07-26 }} * [http://www1.cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_Folder&ID=141 Situs web resmi Biro Pusat Statistik Israél] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528064433/http://cbs.gov.il/reader/?MIval=cw_usr_view_Folder&ID=141 |date=2009-05-28 }} {{Gumi |title=Lis [[kota]] ring gumi |prefix=Lis kota ring }} {{Kota ring Timur Tengah}} {{Topik Asia|Lis kota ring}} {{negara-geo-stub|Israél}} [[Kategori:Kota ring Israél| ]] [[Kategori:Lis indik Israél]] [[Kategori:Lis kota manut negara|Israél]] s28m4t5b2bmylmgxby6tbg4n8rdp82m 0 82515 283212 283101 2026-10-06T14:53:37Z Angayubagia 6 283212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gambuh Pedungan''' inggih punika silih tunggil sesolahan saking Banjar Puseh dan Banjar Manesa, [[Pedungan, Dénpasar Selatan, Dénpasar|Desa Adat Pedungan]], Kelurahan Pedungan, [[Dénpasar Selatan, Dénpasar|Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan]], [[Kota Dénpasar]], [[Bali|Propinsi Bali]] Gambuh ring Desa Pedungan, khususnyane ring Banjar Puseh miwah Banjar Menesa, nenten kamargiang nyabran rahina. Punika santukan gambuh punika dahat kasuciang ring Pedungan. Nanging, setata wenten sane nenten ngranjing ring gambuh puniki. Minakadi yening wenten pinunas saking desa pisaga, minakadi nanganin pikobet ring pura, utawi mangda prasida hadir (ring pendak) dados wali (tari upacara) ring upacara-upacara khusus ring desa-desa utawi pura-pura sawewengkon Denpasar. Gambuh punika kamargiang setata ring Pedungan. Ring sabilang odalan ring Pura Puseh Pedungan, khususnyane ring rahina suci Tumpek Wayang (nyabran nem sasih), gambuh setata kalaksanayang pinaka pahan saking upacara odalan suci ring Pura Puseh Pedungan. Lumrahnyane, tigang rahina sasampun odalan ring Pura Puseh Pedungan, gambuh punika raris kamargiang pinaka pahan saking rentetan upacara ring Pura Puseh. Sakewanten makeh mahkota gambuh punika katunasin mangda tedun mangda kagenahang ring genah sane suci ritatkala wenten piodalan (upacara adat). Iring-iringan puniki ketah kabaos iring-iring nglinggihang (candi) majeng ring Bhatara Taksu. Wantah salanturnyané, risampun tigang rahina piodalan ring Pura Puseh, gambuh ring Pedungan kamargiang mapasahan. Para pragina, alit-alit miwah lingsir, sampun rauh. Kapertama, ipun sareng sami ngastawayang mangda sesolahan punika yukti-yukti karahayuan olih para Bathara-Bathari ring Pura Puseh. Para pragina (musisi) ngastawa ring Bhatara Taksu mangda setata katuntun olih dewa sane ngamong keasrian. Kawentenan drama tari gambuh ring Pedungan madue tetujon sosial lan religius. Secara sosial, gambuh ring Pedungan mawiguna pinaka unsur penguat ring kauripan krama. Kawentenannyane ngiket krama sareng-sareng, ngepah tanggung jawab ring urusan komunal kahuripan desa. Inggih punika gambuh sane ngukuhang kapercayaan krama ring sajeroning masikian lan ngambil tanggung jawab sosial ring kahuripan bersama, malarapan antuk suka duka kahuripan desa. Gambuh taler ngukuhang rasa pasemetonan, kaiket antuk tata krama desa. Gambuh nyukserahang tanggung jawab adat majeng ring turun-temurun ring Pedungan, indik napi sane kawarisang mangkin mangda kapiara lan kalestariang antuk tanggung jawab sane jangkep. Punika pinaka wangun tanggung jawab budaya, garis hidup majeng ring budaya lan seni ipun, pilar persatuan lan persaudaraan ipun. Krama Pedungan ngartiang gambuh pinaka “tunggul desa,” tegesnyane tugu, tegesnyane sane tan surud-surud ngaukin mangda tetep masemetonan, mabakti ring Ida Bhatara, tur negepang kewajiban sarahina-rahina, nglestariang budaya lan seni desa. Nanging, gambuh ring Pedungan kadang-kadang ngicenin rasa percaya lan vitalitas anyar majeng ring krama, sane keni sengkala, sakit, lan sengsara. Minakadi, setata wénten sané kawaliang kapracayané, kawaliang kakuatan rohaninyané, miwah rasa sakitnyané kaicalang risampun krama Pedungan, antuk sakancan kapracayaannyané, kawaliang waras tur kawaliang kapagehan rohaninyané sangkaning “sesangi,” utawi sesangi sané katur ring Batara Taksu Ratu Made ring Pura Puseh Pedungan. Wiakti, risampuné ipun seger utawi seger saking sungkan, krama Pedungan setata ngwales brata inucap antuk ngamargiang sasolahan joged gambuh. Punika sane ngawinang gambuh ring Pedungan tetep maurip, santukan krama Pedungan percaya ngawetuang galang anyar majeng ring sang sane keni leleh, sakit, sengkala, miwah sane lianan. Asapunika kasuksman sujati drama tari gambuh majeng ring krama Desa Pakraman Pedungan. Yadiastun kahuripan ipun nenten malih dados masyarakat agraris, gambuh tetep nyambungang ikatan spiritual masyarakat, ngawinang ipun setata eling ring Sang Hyang Pencipta sane Maha Kuasa..<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|first=Direktorat Pelindungan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan|title=Penetapan Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia Tahun 2020|publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|year=2020|location=Jakarta|pages=217}}</ref> == Pustaka == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Tetamian budaya tenbenda Indonésia]] akrkncy14bnh51klv48kha49aq50e18 283213 283212 2026-10-06T14:57:25Z Angayubagia 6 283213 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gambuh Pedungan''' inggih punika silih tunggil sesolahan saking Banjar Puseh dan Banjar Manesa, [[Pedungan, Dénpasar Selatan, Dénpasar|Desa Adat Pedungan]], Kelurahan Pedungan, [[Dénpasar Selatan, Dénpasar|Kecamatan Dénpasar Selatan]], [[Kota Dénpasar]], [[Bali|Propinsi Bali]] Gambuh ring Desa Pakraman Pedungan, khususnyane ring Banjar Puseh miwah Banjar Menesa, nenten kemargiang nyabran rahina. Napi mawinan, ring Pedungan, gambuh punika kasucian pisan. Nanging, setata wenten sane nenten ngranjing ring gambuh puniki. Minakadi yening wenten pinunas saking desa pisaga, indik wenten pikobet ring odalan ring pura tertentu, utawi mangda hadir (dipendak) pinaka sesolahan wali (tari upacara) ring upacara-upacara khusus ring desa-desa utawi ring pura-pura tertentu ring sawewengkon Dénpasar. Sane rutin kemargiang ring Pedungan, nyabran odalan ring [[Pura Puseh Pedungan]], khususnyane ring rahina suci [[Tumpek Wayang]] (nyabran nem sasih), gambuh setata kemargiang pinaka sesolahan suci upacara odalan ring Pura Puseh Pedungan. Lumrahnyane tigang rahina sasampun odalan ring Pura Puseh Pedungan, gambuh raris kalaksanayang pinaka pahan saking rentetan upacara ring Pura Puseh. Sakéwanten makesami mahkota gambuh punika katunasin mangda tedun dados “linggihang” (nglestariang) rikala piodalan (upacara perayaan). Iring-iring puniki sering kasengguh pinaka iring "nglinggihang" (ngalestariang) majeng ring Bhatara Taksu. Wantah selanturnyane, risampun puput piodalan tigang rahina ring Pura Puseh, gambuh ring Pedungan kalaksanayang khusus. Para pragina, alit-alit miwah lingsir, sampun rauh. Kapertama, ipun sareng sami nunas panugrahan Ida Sang Bathara-Bathari ring Pura Puseh. Para pragina (musisi) ngastawa ring Bhatara Taksu mangda setata katuntun olih dewa keasrian. Kawentenan drama tari gambuh ring Pedungan madue tetujon sosial miwah agama. Secara sosial, gambuh ring Pedungan mawiguna pinaka unsur penguat ring kauripan krama. Kawentenannyane ngiket krama sareng-sareng, nyarengin tanggung jawab ring sajeroning pamargin kahuripan desa sane pateh. Gambuh punika sane ngukuhang kapercayaan kramane ring persatuan lan komitmen ring tanggung jawab sosial, ring kahuripan bersama, malarapan antuk suka duka kahuripan desa. Gambuh taler mikukuhang rasa pasemetonan, kaiket antuk tata krama kauripan desa. Gambuh nyukserahang tanggung jawab adat majeng ring turun-temurun ring Pedungan, indik napi sane kawarisang mangkin mangda kapiara lan kalestariang antuk tanggung jawab sane jangkep. Punika pinaka wangun tanggung jawab budaya, garis hidup majeng ring budaya lan seni ipun, pilar persatuan lan persaudaraan ipun. Krama Pedungan ngartiang gambuh pinaka “tunggul desa,” tugu makna sane tan surud-surud ngaukin ipun mangda tetep masemeton, ngaturang bakti ring Ida Bhatara, lan ngamargiang kewajiban sarahina, nglestariang budaya lan seni desa. Sakéwala, kadang gambuh ring Pedungan ngawetuang rasa percaya diri lan vitalitas anyar majeng ring jadma sane sampun keni sengkala, sakit, lan sengsara. Minakadi, setata wenten sane kawaliang imannyane, kawaliang kekuatan rohaninyane, tur sakitnyane kaicalang risampun krama Pedungan, antuk kapercayaan sane jangkep, kawaliang seger lan kekuatan rohaninyane sangkaning “sesangi,” utawi sesangi sane kalaksanayang majeng ring Batara Taksu Ratu Made ring Pura Puseh Pedungan. Wiakti, risampuné ipun seger saking sungkan, krama Pedungan nénten naenin lali nagingin sesangi antuk ngamargiang sasolahan joged gambuh. Punika sane ngawinang gambuh idup ring Pedungan, santukan krama Pedungan percaya ngawetuang kahuripan anyar majeng ring sang sane keni leleh, sakit, sengkala, lan kasangsaran sane lianan. Punika sujatinnyane tetuek drama tari gambuh majeng ring krama Desa Pakraman Pedungan. Yadiastun ipun nenten malih maurip ring masyarakat agraris, gambuh tetep nyambungang ikatan spiritual masyarakat, ngawinang ipun setata eling ring Sang Pencipta sane Maha Kuasa.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|first=Direktorat Pelindungan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan|title=Penetapan Warisan Budaya Takbenda Indonesia Tahun 2020|publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|year=2020|location=Jakarta|pages=217}}</ref> == Pustaka == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Tetamian budaya tenbenda Indonésia]] ndro1kmos4yyzq6bz1owgya6i42je17 0 82541 283217 283169 2026-10-07T06:54:23Z InternetArchiveBot 2766 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 283217 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Berkas:BlackHole.jpg|jmpl|Kesan seniman indik [[lubang hitam supermasif]] bahan sane ngelekang saking [[piringan akresi]]]] Ring sor puniki lis '''lubang hitam''' sane pinih masif sane kapanggihin kantos mangkin (lan kandidatnyane), sane kaukur antuk satuan [[massa matahari]]. ({{Solar mass|link=yes}}), kirang langkung {{val|2|u=kilogram|ul=|e=30}}. == Lis == {{expand list|date=Juni 2017}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Lis blungbang selem pinih ageng ! Aran ! [[Massa matahari]]<br />([[Matahari]] = 1) ! Cutetan |- |[[SDSS J123703.24+275819.5]] || '''{{val|2.202|e=11}}'''<ref name="Oei">{{Cite journal |last=Oei |first=Martijn S. S. L. |last2=Weeren |first2=Reinout J. van |last3=Gast |first3=Aivin R. D. J. G. I. B. |last4=Botteon |first4=Andrea |last5=Hardcastle |first5=Martin J. |last6=Dabhade |first6=Pratik |last7=Shimwell |first7=Tim W. |last8=Röttgering |first8=Huub J. A. |last9=Drabent |first9=Alexander |date=2023-04-01 |title=Measuring the giant radio galaxy length distribution with the LoTSS |url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/04/aa43572-22/aa43572-22.html |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |language=en |volume=672 |pages=A163 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202243572 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref> ||Lubang hitam sane pinih ageng sane naenin kapanggihin. Minab alitan mawinan nenten akurasi pangukuran. |- |[[SDSS J152156.48+520238.5]] |'''{{val|1.99|e=11}}'''<ref name=Rakshit2020 /> |Objek puniki madué akéh sané nénten pastika miwah minab ukurannyané alitan. |- | [[SDSS J140821.67+025733.2]] || '''{{Val|1.96|e=11}}'''<ref name=Kozlowski2017>{{Cite journal|title=Virial Black Hole Mass Estimates for 280,000 AGNs from the SDSS Broad-Band Photometry and Single Epoch Spectra|first=Szymon|last=Kozłowski|date=January 20, 2017|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series]]|volume=228|issue=1|pages=9|doi=10.3847/1538-4365/228/1/9|arxiv=1609.09489|bibcode=2017ApJS..228....9K|s2cid=118422643}}</ref> ||Wenten malih 17 objek ring katalog quasar sane pateh antuk massa lubang hitam sane kakenehang lintangan saking 100 miliar. {{Solar mass}}. |- | [[SDSS J123132.37+013814.1]] || '''{{val|1.12|0.28|0.23|e=11}}'''<ref name=Rakshit2020>{{cite journal | url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJS..249...17R/abstract | bibcode=2020ApJS..249...17R | title=Spectral Properties of Quasars from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 14: The Catalog | last1=Rakshit | first1=Suvendu | last2=Stalin | first2=C. S. | last3=Kotilainen | first3=Jari | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series | date=2020 | volume=249 | issue=1 | page=17 | doi=10.3847/1538-4365/ab99c5 | doi-access=free | arxiv=1910.10395 }}</ref><ref name=Rakshit_tabular1>{{cite web | url=https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ672025b136fc47&-out.add=.&-source=J/ApJS/249/17/dr14qpsp&recno=374296 | title=VizieR }}</ref> ||Santukan lubang hitam puniki masif pisan, ukurannyane minab alitan santukan jarak lan pangukuran. |- | [[SDSS J073739.96+384413.2]] || '''{{Val|1.04|e=11}}'''<ref name=Kozlowski2017 /> ||Gatra indik quasar puniki pinih kidik. |- | [[Gugus Phoenix#Lubang hitam supermasif|Phoenix A]] || '''{{val|1|e=11}}'''<ref name="Brockamp2016">{{cite journal |title=Unveiling Gargantua: A new search strategy for the most massive central cluster black holes |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |last1=Brockamp |first1=M. |last2=Baumgardt |first2=H. |last3=Britzen |first3=S. |last4=Zensus |first4=A. |volume=585 |at=A153 |date=January 2016 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201526873 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2016A&A...585A.153B |arxiv=1509.04782|s2cid=54641547 }}</ref> ||Kaperkiraang ngawigunayang model kalorimetri parilaksana adiabatik saking pertumbuhan malih inti miwah model inti-Sérsic sané kaasumsiang antuk n=4. Puniki manut sareng pemodelan evolusioner akresi gas miwah dinamika miwah profil kepadatan galaksi.<ref name="Brockamp2016" /> Lubang hitam ultramasif sane massanyane 100 miliar massa matahari. Massa punika durung langsung kaukur. |- | [[SDSS J140737.17+442856.2]] || '''{{Val|1|e=11}}'''<ref name=Ellison>{{Cite journal|title=Discovery of a dual active galactic nucleus with ~ 8 kpc separation|last1=Ellison|first1=Sara L.|last2=Secrest|first2=Nathan J.|last3=Mendel|first3=J. Trevor|last4=Satyapal|first4=Shobita|last5=Simard|first5=Luc|date=September 2017|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=470|issue=1|pages=L49–L53|doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slx076|arxiv=1705.05465|bibcode=2017MNRAS.470L..49E}}</ref> ||Objek puniki madue massa sane nenten pastika. |- | [[IC 1101]] || '''{{val|9.94|e=10}}'''<ref name="dullo2019" /><ref name="dullo2021a" /> ||Kaperkiraang saking jeriji-jeriji fraktur inti pusat; Model sadurungnyane nyihnayang indik objek puniki madue massa wantah 46 miliar M⊙.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dullo|first1=Bililign T.|last2=Graham|first2=Alister W.|last3=Knapen|first3=Johan H.|title=A remarkably large depleted core in the Abell 2029 BCG IC 1101|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=October 2017|volume=471|issue=2|pages=2321–2333|doi=10.1093/mnras/stx1635|arxiv=1707.02277|bibcode=2017MNRAS.471.2321D|s2cid=119000593}}</ref> Massanyané sané pinih minab inggih punika 99,4 miliar M⊙. |- |[[NGC 3842]] || '''{{val|9.76|e=10}}'''<ref name=dullo2019/><ref name=dullo2021a/> || Galaksi sané pinih galang ring [[Gugus Leo]]; kakenehang nganggen jeriji-jeriji fraktur. Sadurungnyane kakenehang ngamolihang pikolih sane pinih kidik 9,7 miliar M⊙.<ref name="McConnell" /><ref name="mcconnell2012" /> Ukuran maksimum sane kakenehang prasida alitan, inggih punika 12,2 miliar M⊙. |- |[[ESO 444-46]] || '''{{val|7.76|e=10}}'''<ref name=dullo2019>{{cite journal|last=Dullo|first=B.T.|title=The Most Massive Galaxies with Large Depleted Cores: Structural Parameter Relations and Black Hole Masses|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=22 November 2019|volume=886|issue=2|page=80|arxiv=1910.10240|bibcode=2019ApJ...886...80D|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ab4d4f|s2cid=204838306 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=dullo2021a>{{cite journal|last1=Dullo|first1=B.T.|last2=de Paz|first2=A.G.|last3=Knapen|first3=J.H.|title=Ultramassive black holes in the most massive galaxies: M_BH−σ versus M_BH−R_b|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=18 February 2021|volume=908|issue=2|page=134|arxiv=2012.04471|bibcode=2021ApJ...908..134D|doi=10.3847/1538-4357/abceae|s2cid=227745078 |doi-access=free }}</ref> || Galaksi sane pinih galang ring gugus Abell 3558 magenah ring tengahing [[Supergugus Shapley]]; kakenehang nganggen jeriji-jeriji fraktur galaksi induk. Ukuran maksimum sane kakenehang prasida alitan, ring 501 yuta M⊙. |- | [[ESO 383-76]] || '''{{val|7.41|e=10}}'''<ref name="dullo2019" /><ref name="dullo2021a" /> ||Kaperkiraang ngawigunayang jeriji-jeriji fraktur inti pusat galaksi. Ukuran maksimum sane kakenehang prasida alitan, ring 10,2 miliar M⊙. |- | [[UGC 10143]] || '''{{val|7.24|e=10}}'''<ref name="dullo2019" /><ref name="dullo2021a" /> ||Galaksi sané pinih galang ring gugus Abell 2147; kakenehang nganggen jeriji-jeriji fraktur inti. Kirang langkung ukuran maksimum prasida alitan ring 9,5 miliar M⊙. |- | [[SDSS J150848.79+605551.9]] || '''{{val|6.8|0.42|0.46|e=10}}'''<ref name=Rakshit2020 /><ref name=Rakshit_tabular2>https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-5?-ref=VIZ6754269ef2e75&-out.add=.&-source=J/ApJS/249/17/dr14qpsp&recno=409784</ref> ||Akidik pisan sane kauningin indik objek puniki. |- | [[TON 618]] || '''{{val|6.6|e=10}}'''<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shemmer|first1=O.|last2=Netzer|first2=H.|last3=Maiolino|first3=R.|last4=Oliva|first4=E.|last5=Croom|first5=S.|last6=Corbett|first6=E.|last7=di Fabrizio|first7=L.|title=Near-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift active galactic nuclei. I. A metallicity-accretion rate relationship|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2004-10-20_614_2/page/546|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=2004|volume=614|issue=2|pages=547–557|arxiv=astro-ph/0406559|bibcode=2004ApJ...614..547S|doi=10.1086/423607|s2cid=119010341}}</ref> ||Perkiraan dari korelasi garis emisi kuasar Hβ. |- |[[A2261-BCG|Abell 2261 BCG]] || '''{{Val|6.47|e=10}}'''<ref name="dullo2019" /><ref name="dullo2021a" /> ||Galaksi paling terang dalam gugus [[Abell 2261]]; diperkirakan menggunakan radius patahan yang sangat besar. Perkiraan ukuran maksimum, bisa lebih kecil yaitu 5.37 miliar M_⊙. |- |[[MS 0735.6+7421|4C +74.13]] || '''{{val|6.09|e=10}}'''<ref name=dullo2019/><ref name=dullo2021a/> || Menghasilkan letupan AGN kolosal setelah mengakumulasi materi senilai 600 juta M_⊙. Diperkirakan menggunakan radius patahan inti galaksi pusat sebesar 0,5 kpc.<ref name=dullo2019/><ref name=dullo2021a/> Asumsi tidak langsung sebelumnya tentang efisiensi akresi gas dan daya pancaran menghasilkan batas bawah 1 miliar M_⊙.<ref name="DS">[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/01/050106091317.htm Most Powerful Eruption In The Universe Discovered] NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center (ScienceDaily) January 6, 2005</ref><ref name="mcnamara2005">{{cite journal | last1 = McNamara | first1 = B. R. | last2 = Nulsen | first2 = P. E. J. | last3 = Wise | first3 = M. W. | last4 = Rafferty | first4 = D. A. | last5 = Carilli | first5 = C. | last6 = Sarazin | first6 = C. L. | last7 = Blanton | first7 = E. L. | author7-link = Elizabeth Blanton | title = The heating of gas in a galaxy cluster by X-ray cavities and large-scale shock fronts | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2005-01-06_433_7021/page/45 | year = 2005 | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 433 | issue = 7021 | pages = 45–47 | doi = 10.1038/nature03202 | pmid = 15635404 | bibcode = 2005Natur.433...45M | s2cid = 4340763 }}</ref><ref name="rafferty2006">{{cite journal | last1 = Rafferty | first1 = D. A. | last2 = McNamara | first2 = B. R. | last3 = Nulsen | first3 = P. E. J. | last4 = Wise | first4 = M. W. | title = The Feedback-regulated Growth of Black Holes and Bulges through Gas Accretion and Starbursts in Cluster Central Dominant Galaxies | year = 2006 | journal = [[The Astrophysical Journal]] | volume = 652 | issue = 1 | pages = 216–231 | doi = 10.1086/507672 | arxiv = astro-ph/0605323 | bibcode = 2006ApJ...652..216R | s2cid = 9481371 }}</ref> Menurut video dari Omega Comparisons, lubang hitam ini memiliki massa sekitar 60,9 miliar M_⊙. |- |[[Abell 402 BCG]] |'''{{Val|6|2|e=10}}'''<ref name="McDonald">{{Cite journal |last1=McDonald |first1=Michael |last2=Khullar |first2=Gourav |last3=Lagattuta |first3=David |last4=Mahler |first4=Guillaume |last5=Dattathri |first5=Shashank |last6=Diego |first6=Jose M. |last7=Edge |first7=Alastair C. |last8=Floyd |first8=Benjamin |last9=Gladders |first9=Michael D. |last10=Hughes |first10=Scott A. |last11=Jauzac |first11=Mathilde |last12=Khonji |first12=Nader |last13=Leroy |first13=Gavin |last14=Massey |first14=Richard |last15=Montes |first15=Mireia |date=2026-04-23 |title=A Kiloparsec-scale Stellar Cavity in the Center of A402-BCG May Be Caused by Dynamic Interactions with an Ultramassive Black Hole |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume=1002 |issue=1 |pages=L19 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ae5bbe |doi-access=free |bibcode=2026ApJ..1002L..19M |issn=2041-8205|hdl=10261/432651 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |Ini juga merupakan lubang hitam biner yang baru ditemukan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson-Groh |first=Mara |date=2026-05-11 |title=Astronomers may have found a record-breaking pair of black holes |url=https://www.sciencenews.org/article/largest-pair-black-holes-collision |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=ScienceNews |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |[[NeVe 1|LDC 1241 J1712-2322]] || '''{{Val|5.1|-|6.1|e=10}}'''<ref>{{Article|First name 1=Christopher|Last name 1=Marsden|First name 2=Francesco|Last name 2=Shankar|First name 3=Mitchele|Last name 3=Ginolfi|First name 4=Kastytis|Last name 4=Zubovas|Title=The Case for the Fundamental MBH-σ Relation|Periodical=Frontiers in Physics|Volume=8|Date=2020|issn=2296-424X|doi=10.3389/fphy.2020.00061/full|Read online=https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphy.2020.00061|Accessed=2022-04-17}}</ref> ||Lubang hitam ini adalah penyebab peristiwa paling energik di alam semesta yang diketahui. Tingkat energinya mencapai 5,7 juta kali lipat dari [[GRB 080916C]] dan 5 kali lipat dari [[MS 0735.6+7421]]. Perkiraan massanya berkisar hingga 400 miliar M_⊙, Namun, para ilmuwan umumnya sepakat pada massa antara 51 dan 61 miliar M_⊙. |- |[[MS 0735.6+7421|MS 0735.6+7421 BCG]] |'''{{val|5.1|e=10}}'''<ref name="dullo2019" /><ref name="dullo2021a" /> |Teleskop ruang angkasa Chandra mengamati proses penyerapan awan molekuler dengan massa 600 juta M_⊙. |- |[[NGC 8550]] |'''{{Val|5|e=10}}'''<ref>{{Web link| title=User contributions for 62.194.53.74 |url=https://universe-size-comparison.fandom.com/wiki/Special:Contributions/62.194.53.74 |consulted le=2025-04-29}}</ref> |Lubang hitam NGC terbesar yang diketahui. |- | [[HS 1946+7658]] | '''{{Val|5|e=10}}'''<ref name=":17">{{Lien web |titre=1995ApJ...438..643K Page 648 |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1995ApJ...438..643K/0000648.000.html |site=articles.adsabs.harvard.edu |consulté le=2022-07-07}}.</ref> | Dahulu dianggap sebagai kuasar paling terang di [[alam semesta]] yang dapat diamati.<ref name=":17" /> |- |[[3C 48]] |'''{{Val|5|e=10}}'''<ref>{{Web link |title=Validate User |url=https://academic.oup.com/crawlprevention/governor?content=%2fmnras%2farticle%2f368%2f3%2f1395%2f1025572 |site=academic.oup.com |consulted le=2022-04-03}}</ref> |Ini adalah salah satu kuasar pertama yang ditemukan. |- |[[SDSS J0841+3921|SDSS J0841+3921A]] |'''{{Val|4.8|e=10}}'''<ref name="Decarli">{{Article|langue=en|prénom1=Roberto|nom1=Decarli|prénom2=Fabrizio|nom2=Arrigoni-Battaia|prénom3=Joseph F.|nom3=Hennawi|prénom4=Fabian|nom4=Walter|titre=A search for dust and molecular gas in enormous Lyα nebulae at z ≈ 2|périodique=Astronomy & Astrophysics|volume=645|date=2021-01-01|issn=0004-6361|issn2=1432-0746|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202039814|lire en ligne=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2021/01/aa39814-20/aa39814-20.html|consulté le=2022-05-02|pages=L3}}</ref> |Kuasar ini adalah yang paling terang dari kuadrupel pertama yang telah ditemukan. |- |[[Holmberg 15A]] || '''{{val|4.0|0.8|e=10}}'''<ref name=Merghwhatever>{{cite journal| | title = A 40-billion solar mass black hole in the extreme core of Holm 15A, the central galaxy of Abell 85 | year = 2019 | last1 = Mehrgan | first1 = K. | last2 = Thomas | first2 = J. | last3 = Saglia | first3 = R. | last4 = Massalay | first4 = X. | last5 = Erwin | first5 = P. | last6 = Bender | first6 = R. | last7 = Kluge | first7 = M. | last8 = Fabricius | first8 = M. | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 887 | issue = 2 | page = 195 | arxiv = 1907.10608 | doi = 10.3847/1538-4357/ab5856 | s2cid = 198899965 }}</ref>|| Massa yang ditentukan diperoleh melalui model Schwarzschild berbasis orbit dan simetris aksial. Perkiraan sebelumnya berkisar dari ~310 miliar M_⊙ hingga 3 miliar M_⊙, semuanya bergantung pada hubungan skala empiris dan karenanya diperoleh dari ekstrapolasi dan bukan dari pengukuran kinematika.<ref name=Cutie>{{cite journal| doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/795/2/L31 | title = The Brightest Cluster Galaxy in Abell 85: The Largest Core Known So Far | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 795 | issue = 2 | pages = L31 | year = 2014 | last1 = López-Cruz | first1 = O. | last2 = Añorve | first2 = C. | last3 = Birkinshaw | first3 = M. | last4 = Worrall | first4 = D. M. | last5 = Ibarra-Medel | first5 = H. J. | last6 = Barkhouse | first6 = W. A. | last7 = Torres-Papaqui | first7 = J. P. | last8 = Motta | first8 = V. | arxiv = 1405.7758 | bibcode = 2014ApJ...795L..31L }}</ref> |- |[[S5 0014+81#Supermassive black hole|S5 0014+81]] || '''{{val|4e10}}'''<ref name=Z1>{{cite journal| title = Chasing the heaviest black holes in active galactic nuclei, the largest black hole | journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume = 405 | issue = 1 | page = 387 | arxiv = 0912.0001 |bibcode = 2010MNRAS.405..387G |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16449.x | year = 2010 | last1 = Ghisellini | first1 = G. | last2 = Ceca | first2 = R. Della | last3 = Volonteri | first3 = M. | last4 = Ghirlanda | first4 = G. | last5 = Tavecchio | first5 = F. | last6 = Foschini | first6 = L. | last7 = Tagliaferri | first7 = G. | last8 = Haardt | first8 = F. | last9 = Pareschi | first9 = G. | last10 = Grindlay | first10 = J. | s2cid = 40214759 }}</ref><ref name="G.Ghisellini, G.Ghirlanda">{{Cite journal|last1=Ghisellini|first1=G. |last2=Foschini|first2=L. |arxiv=0906.0575 |title=The blazar S5 0014+813: a real or apparent monster? |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters |volume=399 |issue=1 |pages=L24–L28 |date=14 July 2009 |version=v2 |last3=Volonteri |first3= M. |last4= Ghirlanda |first4=G. |last5= Haardt |first5=F. |last6= Burlon |first6=D. |last7= Tavecchio |first7=F. |doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00716.x |bibcode = 2009MNRAS.399L..24G |s2cid=14438667 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name="Bryan Gaensler">{{cite book |title=Extreme Cosmos: A Guided Tour of the Fastest, Brightest, Hottest, Heaviest, Oldest, and Most Amazing Aspects of Our Universe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RNvQsCMq920C&pg=PT103|isbn=978-1-101-58701-0 |last1=Gaensler |first1=Bryan |date=2012-07-03 }}</ref>|| Sebuah makalah 2010 mengusulkan bahwa sebuah corong mengkolimasi radiasi di sekitar sumbu jet, menciptakan ilusi optik dengan kecerahan sangat tinggi, dan dengan demikian kemungkinan terjadi sebuah overestimasi pada massa lubang hitam tersebut.<ref name=Z1 /> |- | [[PKS 0745-19]] || '''{{val|4|e=10}}'''<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=NASA - Monster Black Holes |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/multimedia/monsterbh.html |site=nasa.gov |consulté le=2022-07-16 }}.</ref> ||Perkiraan ukuran maksimum, bisa lebih kecil yaitu 10 miliar M_⊙. |- | [[SDSS J0841+3921|SDSS J0841+3921B]] |'''{{val|3.7|e=10}}'''<ref name="Decarli" /> |Lubang hitam yang lebih kecil yang mengorbit SDSS J0841+3921 utama (lihat di atas); Kuasar ini adalah yang paling terang dari kuadrupel pertama yang telah ditemukan. |- | [[SDSS 143148.09+053558]] || '''{{val|3.64|e=10}}'''<ref name=Ge>{{cite journal|last1=Ge|first1=Xue|last2=Bi-Xuan|first2=Zhao|last3=Wei-Hao|first3= Bian|last4=Green Richard|first4=Frederick|title=The Blueshift of the C IV Broad Emission Line in QSOs|journal=The Astronomical Journal|date=21 March 2019|volume=157|issue=4|page=14|arxiv=1903.08830|bibcode=2019AJ....157..148G|doi=10.3847/1538-3881/ab0956|s2cid=84842636 |doi-access=free }}</ref> || |- |[[Cosmic Horseshoe|SDSS J114833.14+193003.2]] |'''{{val|3.631|0.550|0.625|e=10}}'''<ref name=Collett2025>{{Cite arXiv|display-authors=etal|date=19 February 2025|title=Unveiling a 36 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole at the Centre of the Cosmic Horseshoe Gravitational Lens|eprint=2502.13788v2 |class=astro-ph.GA |last1=Melo-Carneiro |first1=Carlos R. |last2=Collett |first2=Thomas E. |last3=Oldham |first3=Lindsay J. |last4=Enzi |first4=Wolfgang J. R. |last5=Furlanetto |first5=Cristina |last6=Chies-Santos |first6=Ana L. }}</ref> | |- |[[NGC 4874]] |'''{{val|3.47|6.30|2.24|e=10}}'''<ref name=dullo2019/><ref name=dullo2021a/> |Galaksi paling terang kedua dalam gugus [[Gugus Coma]]; diperkirakan menggunakan radius patahan inti. |- |[[SMSS J215728.21-360215.1]] || '''{{val|3.4|0.6|e=10}}'''<ref>{{citation|last1=Onken |first1=Christopher A. |last2=Bian |first2=Fuyan |last3=Fan |first3=Xiaohui |last4=Wang |first4=Feige |last5=Wolf |first5=Christian |last6=Yang |first6=Jinyi |title= thirty-four billion solar mass black hole in SMSS J2157–3602, the most luminous known quasar |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=August 2020|volume=496|issue=2|page=2309|doi=10.1093/mnras/staa1635|arxiv=2005.06868|bibcode=2020MNRAS.496.2309O|doi-access=free}}</ref> ||Diperkirakan menggunakan pengukuran spektroskopi inframerah dekat dari doublet garis emisi Mg_II. |- |- |SDSS J102325.31+514251.0 || '''{{val|3.31|0.61|e=10}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Perkiraan dari korelasi garis emisi quasar MgII. |- |[[Abell 1201 BCG]] || '''{{val|3.27|2.12}} × {{val|e=10}}'''<ref>{{citation |last1=Nightingale |first1=J. W. |last2=Smith |first2=Russell J. |last3=He |first3=Qiuhan |last4=o'Riordan |first4=Conor M. |last5=Kegerreis |first5=Jacob A. |last6=Amvrosiadis |first6=Aristeidis |last7=Edge |first7=Alastair C. |last8=Etherington |first8=Amy |last9=Hayes |first9=Richard G. |last10=Kelly |first10=Ash |last11=Lucey |first11=John R. |last12=Massey |first12=Richard J. |title= Abell 1201: detection of an ultramassive black hole in a strong gravitational lens |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume =521|issue= 3|pages=3298–3322|doi=10.1093/mnras/stad587|date= May 2023|doi-access=free|arxiv=2303.15514 }} (published online 29 March 2023 )</ref> || Diperkirakan menggunakan pelensaan gravitasi yang kuat dari galaksi jauh yang berjarak 1,3 detik busur dari inti BCG. Perkiraan sebelumnya menunjukkan massa sebesar 1,3{{e|10}} {{massa Matahari}}.<ref name="smith2017a">{{cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Lucey | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Edge | first3 = A. C. | title = A counterimage to the gravitational arc in Abell 1201: Evidence for IMF variations or a 10¹⁰ M_sun black hole? | year = 2017 | journal = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume = 467 | issue = 1 | pages = 836–848 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/stx059 | doi-access = free | arxiv = 1701.02745 | bibcode = 2017MNRAS.467..836S | s2cid = 59965783 }}</ref> Waspadai ambiguitas antara penentuan massa lubang hitam dan profil materi gelap gugus galaksi.<ref name="smith2017b">{{cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Lucey | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Edge | first3 = A. C. | title = Stellar dynamics in the strong-lensing central galaxy of Abell 1201: A low stellar mass-to-light ratio a large central compact mass and a standard dark matter halo | year = 2017 | journal = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume = 1706 | issue = 1 | pages = 383–393 | arxiv = 1706.07055 | url = http://esoads.eso.org/abs/2017arXiv170607055S | bibcode = 2017MNRAS.471..383S | doi = 10.1093/mnras/stx1573 | doi-access = free | s2cid = 54757451 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |[[H1821+643]] || '''{{val|3e10}}'''<ref name=joe /> || Gugus galaksi terdekat yang mempunyai sebuah kuasar dalam intinya.<ref name=joe>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/mnras/stu1067| arxiv=1405.7522v1 |last1 = Walker |first1 = S. A. |title = The effect of the quasar H1821+643 on the surrounding intracluster medium: Revealing the underlying cooling flow | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=442 | issue=3 | pages=2809 |last2 = Fabian |first2 = A. C. |last3 = Russell |first3 = H. R. |last4 = Sanders |first4 = J. S. |year = 2014 | bibcode=2014MNRAS.442.2809W | s2cid=118724526 }}</ref> |- |[[NGC 6166]] || '''{{val|3e10}}'''<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Magorrian|first1=J.|last2=Tremaine|first2=S.|last3=Richstone|first3=D.|last4=Bender|first4=R.|last5=Bower|first5=G.|last6=Dressler|first6=A.|last7=Faber|first7=S.~M.|last8=Gebhardt|first8=K.|last9=Green|first9=R.|last10=Grillmair|first10=C.|last11=Kormendy|first11=J.|last12=Lauer|first12=T.|title=The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centers|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomical-journal_1998-06_115_6/page/2285|journal=The Astronomical Journal|date=June 1998|volume=115|issue=6|pages=2285–2305|doi=10.1086/300353|ref=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998AJ....115.2285M|arxiv = astro-ph/9708072 |bibcode = 1998AJ....115.2285M |s2cid=17256372}}</ref> || |- |[[APM 08279+5255]] || '''{{val|2.3|e=10}}'''<ref name="riechers2009">{{cite journal | last1 = Riechers | first1 = D. A. | last2 = Walter | first2 = F. | last3 = Carilli | first3 = C. L. | last4 = Lewis | first4 = G. F. | title = Imaging The Molecular Gas in a z = 3.9 Quasar Host Galaxy at 0farcs3 Resolution: A Central Sub-Kiloparsec Scale Star Formation Reservoir in APM 08279+5255 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2009-01-01_690_1/page/462 | year = 2009 | journal = [[The Astrophysical Journal]] | volume = 690 | issue = 1 | pages = 463–485 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/463 | arxiv = 0809.0754 | bibcode = 2009ApJ...690..463R | s2cid = 13959993 }}</ref><br />'''{{val|1.0|0.17|0.13|e=10}}'''<ref name="saturni2016">{{cite journal | last1 = Saturni | first1 = F. G. | last2 = Trevese | first2 = D. | last3 = Vagnetti | first3 = F. | last4 = Perna | first4 = M. | last5 = Dadina | first5 = M. | title = A multi-epoch spectroscopic study of the BAL quasar APM 08279+5255. II. Emission- and absorption-line variability time lags | year = 2016 | journal = [[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] | volume = 587 | pages = A43 | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201527152 | arxiv = 1512.03195 | bibcode = 2016A&A...587A..43S | s2cid = 118548618 }}</ref> || Based on velocity width of CO line from orbiting molecular gas,<ref name="riechers2009" /> and [[reverberation mapping]] using SiIV and CIV emission lines.<ref name="saturni2016" /> |- |[[NGC 4889]] || '''{{val|2.1|1.6|e=10}}'''<ref name="McConnell">{{Cite journal|arxiv=1112.1078|last1= McConnell|first1= Nicholas J.|title= Two ten-billion-solar-mass black holes at the centres of giant elliptical galaxies|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2011-12-08_480_7376/page/214|journal= Nature|volume= 480|issue= 7376|pages= 215–8|last2= Ma|first2= Chung-Pei|authorlink2=Chung-Pei Ma|last3= Gebhardt|first3= Karl|last4= Wright|first4= Shelley A.|last5= Murphy|first5= Jeremy D.|last6= Lauer|first6= Tod R.|last7= Graham|first7= James R.|last8= Richstone|first8= Douglas O.|year= 2011|doi= 10.1038/nature10636|pmid= 22158244|bibcode= 2011Natur.480..215M|s2cid= 4408896}}</ref><ref name="mcconnell2012">{{cite journal | last1 = McConnell | first1 = N. J. | last2 = Ma | first2 = C.-P. | last3 = Murphy | first3 = J. D. | last4 = Gebhardt | first4 = K. | last5 = Lauer | first5 = T. R. | last6 = Graham | first6 = J. R. | last7 = Wright | first7 = S. A. | last8 = Richstone | first8 = D. O. | title = Dynamical Measurements of Black Hole Masses in Four Brightest Cluster Galaxies at 100 Mpc | year = 2012 | journal = [[The Astrophysical Journal]] | volume = 756 | issue = 2 | pages = 179 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/179 | arxiv = 1203.1620 | bibcode = 2012ApJ...756..179M | s2cid = 119114155 }}</ref> ||Best fit: the estimate ranges from 6 billion to 37 billion {{Solar mass}}.<ref name="McConnell" /><ref name="mcconnell2012" /> |- | [[SDSS J074521.78+734336.1]] || '''{{val|1.95|0.05|e=10}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- |[[OJ 287]] primary || '''{{val|1.8e10}}'''<ref name="frostbite">{{Cite journal|arxiv =1208.0906 |last1 = Valtonen |first1 = M. J. |title = On the masses of OJ287 black holes |journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume = 427 |issue = 1 |pages = 77–83 |last2 = Ciprini |first2 = S. |last3 = Lehto |first3 = H. J. |year = 2012 |doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21861.x |bibcode = 2012MNRAS.427...77V |s2cid = 118483466 }}</ref> || A smaller 100 million {{Solar mass}} black hole orbits this one in a 12-year period (see ''OJ 287 secondary'' below). But this measurement is in question due to the limited number and precision of observed companion orbits. |- |[[QSO J0529-4351|SMSS J052915.80-435152.0]] |'''{{Val|1.7|e=10}}'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Australian National |title=Supermassive black hole spews gas at record speeds, upending mass estimates |url=https://phys.org/news/2025-09-supermassive-black-hole-spews-gas.html |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=phys.org |language=en}}</ref> |Lubang hitam dengan pertumbuhan tercepat, objek paling bercahaya di alam semesta, cakram akresi terbesar (7 tahun cahaya). |- | [[NGC 1600]] || '''{{val|1.7|0.15|e=10}}'''<ref name="thomas2016">{{cite journal | last1 = Thomas | first1 = J. | last2 = Ma | first2 = C.-P. | last3 = McConnell | first3 = N. J. | last4 = Greene | first4 = J. E. | last5 = Blakeslee | first5 = J. P. | last6 = Janish | first6 = R. | title = A 17-billion-solar-mass black hole in a group galaxy with a diffuse core | year = 2016 | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]] | volume = 532 | issue = 7599 | pages = 340–342 | doi = 10.1038/nature17197 | pmid = 27049949 | arxiv = 1604.01400 | bibcode = 2016Natur.532..340T | s2cid = 4454301 }}</ref><ref name="Behemoth Black Hole Found in an Unlikely Place">{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2016/behemoth-black-hole-found-in-an-unlikely-place|title=Behemoth Black Hole Found in an Unlikely Place|first=Ashley|last=Morrow|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> || Unprecedentedly massive in relation of its location: an elliptical galaxy host in a sparse environment. |- | [[SDSS J08019.69+373047.3]] || '''{{val|1.51|0.31|e=10}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J115954.33+201921.1]] || '''{{val|1.41|0.10|e=10}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J075303.34+423130.8]] || '''{{val|1.38|0.03|e=10}}'''<ref name=XA>{{Cite journal|arxiv =1412.2438 |last1 =Zuo |first1 =Wenwen |title =Black Hole Mass Estimates and Rapid Growth of Supermassive Black Holes in Luminous $z \sim$ 3.5 Quasars |journal =The Astrophysical Journal |volume =799 |issue =2 |pages =189 |last2 =Wu |first2 =Xue-Bing |last3 =Fan |first3 =Xiaohui |last4 =Green |first4 =Richard |last5 =Wang |first5 =Ran |last6 =Bian |first6 =Fuyan |year =2014 |doi =10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/189 |bibcode =2015ApJ...799..189Z |s2cid =73642040 }}</ref> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J080430.56+542041.1]] || '''{{val|1.35|0.22|e=10}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J0100+2802]] || '''{{val|1.24|0.19|e=10}}'''<ref name="Wu">{{cite journal | last1 = Wu | first1 = X. | last2 = Wang | first2 = F. | last3 = Fan | first3 = X. | last4 = Yi | first4 = Weimin | last5 = Zuo | first5 = Wenwen | last6 = Bian | first6 = Fuyan | last7 = Jiang | first7 = Linhua | last8 = McGreer | first8 = Ian D. | last9 = Wang | first9 = Ran | last10 = Yang | first10 = Jinyi | last11 = Yang | first11 = Qian | last12 = Thompson | first12 = David | last13 = Beletsky | first13 = Yuri | title = An ultraluminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_nature_2015-02-26_518_7540/page/512 | journal = Nature | volume = 518| issue = 7540 | pages = 512–515 | date = 25 February 2015 |bibcode = 2015Natur.518..512W|doi = 10.1038/nature14241 | pmid = 25719667 |arxiv = 1502.07418| s2cid = 4455954 }}</ref><ref name="sci-news">{{cite web| title=Astronomers Discover Record-Breaking Quasar | work=Sci-News.com | url=http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/science-sdss-j01002802-record-breaking-quasar-02539.html/ | date=2015-02-25 |access-date=2015-02-27 }}</ref>|| Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. This object grew early in cosmic history ([[redshift]] 6.30). |- | [[SDSS J081855.77+095848.0]] || '''{{val|1.20|0.06|e=10}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- | [[NGC 1270]] || '''{{val|1.2|e=10}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ferré-Mateu|first1=Anna|last2=Mezcua|first2=Mar|last3=Trujillo|first3=Ignacio|last4=Balcells|first4=Marc|last5=Bosch|first5=Remco C. E. van den|date=2015-07-21|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=808|issue=1|pages=79|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/79|issn=1538-4357|bibcode=2015ApJ...808...79F|arxiv=1506.02663|title=Massive Relic Galaxies Challenge the Co-Evolution of Super-Massive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies|s2cid=118777377}}</ref> ||Elliptical galaxy located in the [[Perseus Cluster]]. Also is a low-luminosity [[Active galactic nucleus|AGN]] (LLAGN).<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Park|first1=Songyoun|last2=Yang|first2=Jun|last3=Oonk|first3=J. B. Raymond|last4=Paragi|first4=Zsolt|date=2016-11-22|title=Discovery of five low-luminosity active galactic nuclei at the centre of the Perseus cluster|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?arXiv:1611.05986|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|language=en|volume=465|issue=4|pages=3943–3948|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw3012|issn=0035-8711|arxiv=1611.05986|bibcode=2017MNRAS.465.3943P|s2cid=53538944}}</ref> |- | [[SDSS J082535.19+512706.3]] || '''{{val|1.12|0.20|e=10}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line |- | [[SDSS J013127.34-032100.1]] || '''{{val|1.1|0.2|e=10}}'''<ref name=Chitz>{{Cite journal|arxiv = 1501.07269|last1 = Ghisellini|first1 = G.|title = SDSS J013127.34-032100.1: A candidate blazar with a 11 billion solar mass black hole at $z$=5.18|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters|volume = 450|pages = L34–L38|last2 = Tagliaferri|first2 = G.|last3 = Sbarrato|first3 = T.|last4 = Gehrels|first4 = N.|year = 2015|doi = 10.1093/mnrasl/slv042|bibcode = 2015MNRAS.450L..34G|s2cid = 118449836}}</ref> || Estimated from accretion disk spectrum modelling.<ref name="Chitz" /> |- | PSO J334.2028+01.4075 || '''{{val|1e10}}'''<ref name=a7 /> || There are actually two black holes, orbiting at each other in a close pair with a 542-day period. The largest one is quoted, while the smaller one's mass is not defined.<ref name=a7>{{Cite journal|arxiv =1503.02083 |last1 =Liu |first1 =Tingting |title =A Periodically Varying Luminous Quasar at z=2 from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey: A Candidate Supermassive Black Hole Binary in the Gravitational Wave-Driven Regime |journal =The Astrophysical Journal |volume =803 |issue =2 |pages =L16 |last2 =Gezari |first2 =Suvi |last3 =Heinis |first3 =Sebastien |last4 = Magnier |first4 =Eugene A. |last5 = Burgett |first5 =William S. |last6 =Chambers |first6 =Kenneth |last7 =Flewelling |first7 =Heather |last8 =Huber |first8 =Mark |last9 = Hodapp |first9 =Klaus W. |last10 =Kaiser |first10 =Nicholas |last11 =Kudritzki |first11 =Rolf-Peter |last12 = Tonry |first12 =John L. |last13 = Wainscoat |first13 =Richard J. |last14 =Waters |first14 =Christopher |year =2015 |doi =10.1088/2041-8205/803/2/L16 |bibcode =2015ApJ...803L..16L |s2cid =118580031 }}</ref> |- |Black hole of central elliptical galaxy of [[RX J1532.9+3021]] || '''{{val|1e10}}'''<ref name="chandra">{{cite journal | lay-url =http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2014/rxj1532/|arxiv=1306.0907 |title=Probing the extreme realm of AGN feedback in the massive galaxy cluster, RX J1532.9+3021|journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=777 |issue=2 |pages=163 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/163 |year=2013 |last1=Hlavacek-Larrondo |first1=J. |last2=Allen |first2=S. W. |last3=Taylor |first3=G. B. |last4=Fabian |first4=A. C. |last5=Canning |first5=R. E. Ato. |last6=Werner |first6=N. |last7=Sanders |first7=J. S. |last8=Grimes |first8=C. K. |last9=Ehlert |first9=S. |last10=von Der Linden |first10=A. |bibcode=2013ApJ...777..163H |s2cid=118597740 }}</ref> || |- | [[QSO B2126-158]]|| '''{{val|1e10}}'''<ref name=Z1 /> || |- | [[NGC 1281]] || '''{{val|1e10}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yıldırım|first1=Akın|last2=Bosch|first2=Van Den|last3=E|first3=Remco C.|last4=van de Ven|first4=Glenn|last5=Dutton|first5=Aaron|last6=Läsker|first6=Ronald|last7=Husemann|first7=Bernd|last8=Walsh|first8=Jonelle L.|last9=Gebhardt|first9=Karl|date=2016-02-11|title=The massive dark halo of the compact early-type galaxy NGC 1281|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|language=en|volume=456|issue=1|pages=538–553|doi=10.1093/mnras/stv2665|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2016MNRAS.456..538Y|arxiv=1511.03131|s2cid=118483580}}</ref> || Compact [[elliptical galaxy]] in the [[Perseus Cluster]]. Mass estimates range from 10 billion {{Solar mass}} down to <5 billion {{Solar mass}}.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ferré-Mateu|first1=Anna|last2=Mezcua|first2=Mar|last3=Trujillo|first3=Ignacio|last4=Balcells|first4=Marc|last5=Bosch|first5=Remco C. E. van den|date=2015-07-21|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=808|issue=1|pages=79|doi=10.1088/0004-637x/808/1/79|issn=1538-4357|bibcode=2015ApJ...808...79F|arxiv=1506.02663|title=Massive Relic Galaxies Challenge the Co-Evolution of Super-Massive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies|s2cid=118777377}}</ref> |- | [[SDSS J015741.57-010629.6]] || '''{{val|9.8|1.4|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> || |- | [[SDSS J230301.45-093930.7]] || '''{{val|9.12|0.88|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J075819.70+202300.9]] || '''{{val|7.8|3.9|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | [[CID-947]] || '''{{val|6.9|0.8|1.2|e=9}}'''<ref name=nugget>{{Cite journal|arxiv =1507.02290 |last1 =Trakhtenbrot |first1 =Benny |title =An Over-Massive Black Hole in a Typical Star-Forming Galaxy, 2 Billion Years After the Big Bang |journal =Science |volume =349 |issue =168 |last2 = Megan Urry |first2 =C. |last3 =Civano |first3 =Francesca |last4 = Rosario |first4 =David J. |last5 =Elvis |first5 =Martin |last6 =Schawinski |first6 =Kevin |last7 =Suh |first7 =Hyewon |last8 =Bongiorno |first8 =Angela |last9 = Simmons |first9 =Brooke D. |year =2015 |bibcode = 2015Sci...349..168T |doi = 10.1126/science.aaa4506 |pmid =26160942 |pages=168–171|s2cid =22406584 }}</ref> || Constitutes 10% of the total mass of its host galaxy. Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J080956.02+502000.9]] || '''{{val|6.46|0.45|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J014214.75+002324.2]] || '''{{val|6.31|1.16|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- | [[Messier 87]] "''Powehi''"<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/apr/12/powehi-black-hole-gets-a-name-meaning-the-adorned-fathomless-dark-creation |title = Powehi: black hole gets a name meaning 'the adorned fathomless dark creation' |access-date= 6 May 2019|newspaper = The Guardian |date = 2019-04-12 |agency = Associated Press }}</ref> || '''{{val|7.22|0.34|0.40|e=9}}'''<ref name="oldham2016">{{cite journal | last1 = Oldham | first1 = L. J. | last2 = Auger | first2 = M. W. | title = Galaxy structure from multiple tracers – II. M87 from parsec to megaparsec scales | year = 2016 | journal = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume = 457 | issue = 1 | pages = 421–439 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/stv2982 | arxiv = 1601.01323 | bibcode = 2016MNRAS.457..421O | s2cid = 119166670 }}</ref><br />'''{{val|6.3e9}}'''<ref name=jwalsh>{{cite journal | author=Walsh, Jonelle L. | author2= Barth, Aaron J. | author3= Ho, Luis C. | author4= Sarzi, Marc | title=The M87 Black Hole Mass from Gas-dynamical Models of Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Observations | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=770 | issue=2 |page=86 |date=June 2013 | doi= 10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/86 | bibcode= 2013ApJ...770...86W |arxiv = 1304.7273 | s2cid= 119193955 }}</ref> || Central galaxy of the [[Virgo Cluster]]; the first black hole directly imaged. |- | NGC 5419 || '''{{val|7.2|2.7|1.9|e=9}}'''<ref name="mazzalay2016">{{cite journal | last1 = Mazzalay | first1 = X. | last2 = Thomas | first2 = J. | last3 = Saglia | first3 = R. P. | last4 = Wegner | first4 = G. A. | last5 = Bender | first5 = R. | last6 = Erwin | first6 = P. | last7 = Fabricius | first7 = M. H. | last8 = Rusli | first8 = S. P. | title = The supermassive black hole and double nucleus of the core elliptical NGC 5419 | year = 2016 | journal = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume = 462 | issue = 3 | pages = 2847–2860 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/stw1802 | arxiv = 1607.06466 | bibcode = 2016MNRAS.462.2847M | s2cid = 119236364 }}</ref> ||Estimated from the stellar velocity distribution. A secondary satellite SMBH may orbit around 70 parsecs.<ref name="mazzalay2016" /> |- | [[SDSS J025905.63+001121.9]] || '''{{val|5.25|0.73|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J094202.04+042244.5]] || '''{{val|5.13|0.71|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | QSO B0746+254 || '''{{val|5e9}}'''<ref name=Z1 />|| |- | QSO B2149-306 || '''{{val|5e9}}'''<ref name=Z1 />|| |- | [[SDSS J090033.50+421547.0]] || '''{{val|4.7|0.2|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- |[[Messier 60]] || '''{{val|4.5|1.0|e=9}}'''<ref>{{cite journal|author=Juntai Shen |author2=Karl Gebhardt |date=2010 |title=The Supermassive Black Hole and Dark Matter Halo of NGC 4649 (M60) |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=711 |issue=1 |pages=484–494 |arxiv=0910.4168|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/484 |bibcode = 2010ApJ...711..484S |s2cid=119291328 }}</ref>|| |- | [[SDSS J011521.20+152453.3]] || '''{{val|4.1|2.4|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | QSO B0222+185 || '''{{val|4e9}}'''<ref name=Z1 />|| |- |[[Hercules A]] (''3C 348'') || '''{{val|4e9}}''' || Notable for its million light-year long [[Polar jet#Relativistic jet|relativistic jet]]. |- | Abell 1836-BCG || '''{{val|3.61|0.41|0.50|e=9}}'''<ref name="dalla2009">{{cite journal | last1 = Dalla Bontà| first1 = E. | last2 = Ferrarese | first2 = L. | last3 = Corsini | first3 = E. M. | last4 = Miralda-Escudé | first4 = J. | last5 = Coccato | first5 = L. | last6 = Sarzi | first6 = M. | last7 = Pizzella | first7 = A. | last8 = Beifiori | first8 = A. | title = The High-Mass End of the Black Hole Mass Function: Mass Estimates in Brightest Cluster Galaxies | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2009-01-01_690_1/page/536| year = 2009 | journal = [[The Astrophysical Journal]] | volume = 690 | issue = 1 | pages = 537–559 | doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/537 | arxiv = 0809.0766 | bibcode = 2009ApJ...690..537D | s2cid = 17074507 }}</ref> || |- | [[SDSS J213023.61+122252.0]] || '''{{val|3.5|0.2|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J173352.23+540030.4]] || '''{{val|3.4|0.4|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA />||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J025021.76-075749.9]] || '''{{val|3.1|0.6|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA />||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- | [[NGC 1271]] || '''{{Val|3.0|1.0|1.1|e=9}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Walsh|first1=Jonelle L.|last2=Bosch|first2=Remco C. E. van den|last3=Gebhardt|first3=Karl|last4=Yildirim|first4=Akin|last5=Gültekin|first5=Kayhan|last6=Husemann|first6=Bernd|last7=Richstone|first7=Douglas O.|date=2015-08-03|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?arXiv:1506.05129|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=808|issue=2|pages=183|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/808/2/183|issn=1538-4357|bibcode=2015ApJ...808..183W|arxiv=1506.05129|title=The Black Hole in the Compact, High-Dispersion Galaxy NGC 1271|s2cid=41570998}}</ref> ||Compact [[Elliptical galaxy|elliptical]] or [[lenticular galaxy]] in the [[Perseus Cluster]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Graham|first1=Alister W.|last2=Ciambur|first2=Bogdan C.|last3=Savorgnan|first3=Giulia A. D.|date=2016|title=Disky Elliptical Galaxies and the Allegedly Over-massive Black Hole in the Compact "ES" Galaxy NGC 1271|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=831|issue=2|pages=132|doi=10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/132|issn=0004-637X|bibcode=2016ApJ...831..132G|arxiv=1608.00711|hdl=1959.3/432781|s2cid=118435675}}</ref> |- | [[SDSS J030341.04-002321.9]] || '''{{val|3.0|0.4|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar MgII emission line correlation. |- | QSO B0836+710 || '''{{val|3e9}}'''<ref name=Z1 /> || |- | [[SDSS J224956.08+000218.0]] || '''{{val|2.63|1.21|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J030449.85-000813.4]] || '''{{val|2.4|0.50|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | [[SDSS J234625.66-001600.4]] || '''{{val|2.24|0.15|e=9}}'''<ref name=XA /> ||Estimated from quasar Hβ emission line correlation. |- | [[PKS 2128-123]] || '''{{val|2.02e9}}'''<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1086/341729|title = Black Hole Mass Estimates of Radio‐selected Quasars|url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2002-09-01_576_1/page/80|year = 2002|last1 = Oshlack|first1 = A. Y. K. N.|last2 = Webster|first2 = R. L.|last3 = Whiting|first3 = M. T.|journal = The Astrophysical Journal|volume = 576|pages = 81–88|s2cid = 15343258}}</ref> || |- |[[ULAS J1120+0641]] || '''{{val|2e9}}'''<ref name=mortlock>{{cite journal |title=A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2011-06-30_474_7353/page/616 |author=Daniel J. Mortlock |author2=Stephen J. Warren |author3=Bram P. Venemans |display-authors=etal |journal=Nature |volume=474 |issue=7353 |pages=616–619 |date=2011 |doi=10.1038/nature10159|pmid=21720366 |arxiv=1106.6088 |bibcode = 2011Natur.474..616M |last4=Patel |last5=Hewett |last6=McMahon |last7=Simpson |last8=Theuns |last9=Gonzáles-Solares |last10=Adamson |last11=Dye |last12=Hambly |last13=Hirst |last14=Irwin |last15=Kuiper |last16=Lawrence |last17=Röttgering |s2cid=2144362 }}</ref><ref name=SciAm-2011-06-29>{{cite magazine |title=Brilliant, but Distant: Most Far-Flung Known Quasar Offers Glimpse into Early Universe |author=John Matson |date=2011-06-29 |magazine=Scientific American |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=farthest-quasar |access-date=2011-06-30 }}</ref> || |- | QSO 0537-286 || '''{{val|2e9}}'''<ref name=Z1 /> || |- |[[NGC 3115]] || '''{{val|2e9}}'''<ref>{{cite journal|bibcode=1992ApJ...393..559K|pages= 559–578|doi=10.1086/171528|title= Evidence for a supermassive black hole in NGC 3115|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1992-07-10_393_2/page/n155|journal= The Astrophysical Journal|volume= 393|year= 1992|last1= Kormendy|first1= John|last2= Richstone|first2= Douglas}}</ref> || |- | [[Q0906+6930]] || '''{{val|2e9}}'''<ref name=Romani2006>{{cite journal |last=Romani |first=Roger W. |title=The Spectral Energy Distribution of the High-z Blazar Q0906+6930 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomical-journal_2006-11_132_5/page/1959 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=132 |issue=5 |pages=1959–1963 |date=2006 |doi=10.1086/508216 |bibcode=2006AJ....132.1959R |arxiv = astro-ph/0607581 |s2cid=119331684 }}</ref> || Most distant [[blazar]], at [[Redshift|z]] = 5.47 |- | QSO B0805+614 || '''{{val|1.5e9}}'''<ref name=Z1 /> || |- |[[Messier 84]] || '''{{val|1.5e9}}'''<ref name="Bower et al. 1998">{{cite journal | author=Bower, G.A. | date=1998| title=Kinematics of the Nuclear Ionized Gas in the Radio Galaxy M84 (NGC 4374) | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_1998-01-01_492_1/page/110 | journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]] | volume=492 | issue=1 | pages=111–114 | bibcode=1998ApJ...492L.111B | doi=10.1086/311109|arxiv = astro-ph/9710264 | last2=Green | first2=R. F. | last3=Danks | first3=A. | last4=Gull | first4=T. | last5=Heap | first5=S. | last6=Hutchings | first6=J. | last7=Joseph | first7=C. | last8=Kaiser | first8=M. E. | last9=Kimble | first9=R. | last10=Kraemer| first10=S.| last11=Weistrop| first11=D.| last12=Woodgate| first12=B.| last13=Lindler| first13=D.| last14=Hill| first14=R. S.| last15=Malumuth| first15=E. M.| last16=Baum| first16=S.| last17=Sarajedini| first17=V.| last18=Heckman| first18=T. M.| last19=Wilson| first19=A. S.| last20=Richstone| first20=D. O.| s2cid=119456112}}</ref> || |- | [[Pōniuāʻena|J100758.264+211529.207 ("Pōniuāʻena")]] || '''{{val|1.5|0.2|e=9}}'''<ref>{{cite journal| title=Pōniuāʻena: A Luminous z=7.5 Quasar Hosting a 1.5 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole |authors=Jinyi Yang and Feige Wang and Xiaohui Fan and Joseph F. Hennawi and Frederick B. Davies and Minghao Yue and Eduardo Banados and Xue-Bing Wu and Bram Venemans and Aaron J. Barth and Fuyan Bian and Konstantina Boutsia and Roberto Decarli and Emanuele Paolo Farina and Richard Green and Linhua Jiang and Jiang-Tao Li and Chiara Mazzucchelli and Fabian Walter |year=2020 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ab9c26 |arxiv=2006.13452 |s2cid=220042206 }} </ref> || Second most-distant quasar known |- | [[PKS 2059+034]] | '''{{val|1.36e9}}'''<ref name="ReferenceB"/> | |- | Abell 3565-BCG || '''{{val|1.34|0.21|0.19|e=9}}'''<ref name="dalla2009" /> || |- |[[NGC 7768]] || '''{{val|1.3|0.5|0.4|e=9}}'''<ref name="mcconnell2012" /> || |- |[[NGC 1277]] || '''{{val|1.2e9}}'''<ref name=graham>{{cite journal|last1=Graham|first1=Alister W.|last2=Durré|first2=Mark|last3=Savorgnan|first3=Giulia A. D.|last4=Medling|first4=Anne M.|last5=Batcheldor|first5=Dan|last6=Scott|first6=Nicholas|last7=Watson|first7=Beverly|last8=Marconi|first8=Alessandro|title=A Normal Supermassive Black Hole in NGC 1277|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=1 March 2016|volume=819|issue=1|pages=43|doi=10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/43|issn=0004-637X|bibcode=2016ApJ...819...43G|arxiv = 1601.05151 |s2cid=36974319}}</ref>|| Once thought to harbor a black hole so large that it contradicted modern galaxy formation and evolutionary theories,<ref name=vandenBosch>{{cite journal |last1=van den Bosch |first1=Remco C. E. |last2=Gebhardt |first2=Karl |last3=Gültekin |first3=Kayhanl |last4=van de Ven |first4=Glenn |last5=van der Wel |first5=Arjen |last6=Walsh |first6=Jonelle L. |title=An over-massive black hole in the compact lenticular galaxy NGC 1277 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2012-11-29_491_7426/page/729 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=491 |issue=7426 |pages=729–731 |date=29 Nov 2012 |doi=10.1038/nature11592 |arxiv = 1211.6429 |bibcode = 2012Natur.491..729V |pmid=23192149|s2cid=205231230 }}</ref> re-analysis of the data revised it downward to roughly a third of the original estimate.<ref name=Emsellem>{{cite journal |last=Emsellem |first=Eric |title=Is the black hole in NGC 1277 really overmassive? |journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] |volume=433 |issue=3 |pages=1862–1870 |date=Aug 2013 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stt840 |bibcode = 2013MNRAS.433.1862E |arxiv = 1305.3630 |s2cid=54011632 }}</ref> and then one tenth.<ref name=graham /> |- | QSO B225155+2217 || '''{{val|1e9}}'''<ref name=Z1 /> || |- | QSO B1210+330 || '''{{val|1e9}}'''<ref name=Z1 /> || |- | [[NGC 6166]] || '''{{val|1e9}}'''<ref name="Di Matteo L19">{{cite journal |last1=Di Matteo |first1=Tiziana |last2=Johnstone |first2=Roderick M |last3=Allen |first3=Steven W. |last4=Fabian |first4=Andrew C. |date=March 8, 2001 |title=Accretion onto Nearby Supermassive Black Holes: Chandra Constraints on the Dominant Cluster Galaxy NGC 6166 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=550 |issue=1 |page=L19 |arxiv= astro-ph/0012194|bibcode = 2001ApJ...550L..19D |doi = 10.1086/319489 |s2cid=15581216 }}</ref> || Central galaxy of [[Abell 2199]]; notable for its hundred thousand light year long relativistic jet. |- | [[Cygnus A]] || '''{{val|1e9}}'''<ref name=Hubbubble>{{cite web|url=http://hubblesite.org/explore_astronomy/black_holes/encyc_mod1_q12.html |title=Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull interactive: Encyclopedia |publisher=HubbleSite |date= |access-date=2015-05-20}}</ref> || Brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky as seen at frequencies above 1&nbsp;GHz |- | [[Sombrero Galaxy]] || '''{{val|1e9}}'''<ref name="kormendyetal1996">{{cite journal | author=J. Kormendy | author2=R. Bender | author3=E. A. Ajhar| author4=A. Dressler | author5=S. M. Faber| author6=K. Gebhardt | author7=C. Grillmair| author8=T. R. Lauer | author9=D. Richstone| author10=S. Tremaine | date=1996 | title=Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopic Evidence for a 1 X 10 9 M_sun Black Hole in NGC 4594 | journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Letters]] | volume=473 | issue=2 | pages=L91–L94 | bibcode=1996ApJ...473L..91K | doi=10.1086/310399| doi-access=free }}</ref> || Bolometrically most luminous galaxy in the local universe and also the nearest billion-solar-mass black hole to Earth. |- | [[Markarian 501]] || '''{{val|9e8}}–{{val|3.4e9}}'''<ref name="Rieger">{{cite journal|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021482|bibcode=2003A&A...397..121R|title=On the central black hole mass in Mkn 501|arxiv=astro-ph/0210326v1|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=397|pages=121–126|year=2003|last1=Rieger|first1=F. M.|last2=Mannheim|first2=K.|s2cid=14579804}}</ref> || Brightest object in the sky in very high energy gamma rays. |- | [[PG 1426+015]] || '''{{val|1.298|0.385|e=9}}'''<ref name="1A">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s11214-013-9987-4 | title = Measuring the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes | journal = Space Science Reviews | volume = 183 | issue = 1–4 | page = 253 | url = http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf | year = 2013 | last1 = Peterson | first1 = Bradley M. | bibcode = 2014SSRv..183..253P | s2cid = 16464532 | access-date = 2015-03-12 | archive-date = 2019-07-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190726032645/http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~peterson/Docs/petersonISSI.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref><br />'''{{val|467740000}}'''<ref name="2A">{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/317314|title=Black Hole Mass, Velocity Dispersion, and the Radio Source in Active Galactic Nuclei|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=544|issue=2|pages=L91–L94|year=2000|last1=Nelson|first1=Charles H.|bibcode=2000ApJ...544L..91N|arxiv = astro-ph/0009188 |s2cid=117449813}}</ref> || |- | [[3C 273]] || '''{{val|8.86|1.87|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|550000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || Kuasar terterang di langit |- | [[ULAS J1342+0928]] || '''{{val|8|e=8}}'''<ref name="NAT-20171206">{{cite journal |author=Bañados, Eduardo |display-authors=et al |title=An 800-million-solar-mass black hole in a significantly neutral Universe at a redshift of 7.5 |date=6 December 2017 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=553 |issue=7689 |pages=473–476 |doi=10.1038/nature25180 |pmid=29211709 |arxiv=1712.01860 |bibcode=2018Natur.553..473B |s2cid=205263326 }}</ref> || Kuasar paling jauh<ref name="NAT-20171206" /> − saat ini tercatat sebagai kuasar terjauh dengan [[Pergeseran merah|z]]=7.54<ref name="NAT-20171206" /> |- | [[UGC 12591]] || '''{{val|6.18|2.61|e=8}}'''<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1093/mnras/stac2683 | title=Hubble Space Telescope Captures UGC 12591: Bulge/Disc properties, star formation and 'missing baryons' census in a very massive and fast-spinning hybrid galaxy | year=2022 | last1=Ray | first1=Shankar | last2=Bagchi | first2=Joydeep | last3=Dhiwar | first3=Suraj | last4=Pandge | first4=M. B. | last5=Mirakhor | first5=Mohammad | last6=Walker | first6=Stephen A. | last7=Mukherjee | first7=Dipanjan | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=517 | issue=1 | pages=99–117 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2022MNRAS.517...99R | arxiv=2203.02885 }}</ref> || |- | [[Messier 49]] || '''{{val|5.6e8}}'''<ref name=apj555_1_L21>{{cite journal | last1=Loewenstein | first1=Michael | last2=Mushotzky | first2=Richard F. | last3=Angelini | first3=Lorella | last4=Arnaud | first4=Keith A. | last5=Quataert | first5=Eliot | title=Chandra Limits on X-Ray Emission Associated with the Supermassive Black Holes in Three Giant Elliptical Galaxies | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=555 | issue=1 | pages=L21–L24 |date=July 2001 | doi=10.1086/323157 | bibcode=2001ApJ...555L..21L |arxiv = astro-ph/0106326 | s2cid=14873290 | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1235686 }}</ref> || |- | [[NGC 1399]] || '''{{val|5e8}}'''<ref name="Gebhardt2007">{{Cite journal | last1 = GEBHARDT | first1 = K. | last2 = LAUER | first2 = T. R. | last3 = PINKNEY | first3 = J. | last4 = BENDER | first4 = R. | last5 = RICHSTONE | first5 = D. | last6 = ALLER | first6 = M. | last7 = BOWER | first7 = G. | last8 = DRESSLER | first8 = A. | date = December 2007 | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 671 | issue = 2 | pages = 1321–1328 | title = The Black Hole Mass and Extreme Orbital Structure in NGC 1399 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2007-12-20_671_2/page/1320 |arxiv = 0709.0585 |bibcode = 2007ApJ...671.1321G |doi = 10.1086/522938 | s2cid = 12042010 }}</ref> || Central galaxy of the [[Fornax Cluster]] |- | [[PG 0804+761]] || '''{{val|6.93|0.83|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|190550000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[PG 1617+175]] || '''{{val|5.94|1.38|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|275420000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[PG 1700+518]] || '''{{val|7.81|+1.82|-1.65|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|60260000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[NGC 4261]] || '''{{val|4e8}}'''<ref name="STScI-1997-01">{{cite web |date=1997-01-13 |title=Massive Black Holes Dwell in Most Galaxies, According to Hubble Census |publisher=Hubblesite STScI-1997-01 |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1997/01/text/ |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref> || Notable for its {{val|88000}} light-year long [[Polar jet#Relativistic jet|relativistic jet]].<ref name="astro162">{{cite web |title=The Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4261 |publisher=Astronomy 162 (Dept. Physics & Astronomy University of Tennessee) |url=http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/active/ngc4261.html |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref> |- | [[PG 1307+085]] || '''{{val|4.4|1.23|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''281 840 000'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[SAGE0536AGN]] || '''{{val|3.5|0.8|e=8}}'''<ref name="van_loon2015">{{cite journal | last1 = van | first1 = Loon J. T. | last2 = Sansom | first2 = A. E. | title = An evolutionary missing link? A modest-mass early-type galaxy hosting an oversized nuclear black hole | year = 2015 | journal = [[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume = 453 | issue = 3 | pages = 2341–2348 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/stv1787 | arxiv = 1508.00698 | bibcode = 2015MNRAS.453.2341V | s2cid = 56459588 }}</ref><ref name=SAGE0536AGN>{{Cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2015-09-black-hole-size.html|title=Black hole is 30 times expected size|website=phys.org}}</ref> || Constitutes 1.4% of the mass of its host galaxy |- | [[NGC 1275]] || '''{{val|3.4e8}}'''<ref name=Wilman2005>{{cite journal | volume = 359 | issue = 2 | pages = 755–764 | last1 = Wilman | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Edge | first2 = A. C. | last3 = Johnstone | first3 = R. M. | title = The nature of the molecular gas system in the core of NGC 1275 | journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | date = 2005 |bibcode = 2005MNRAS.359..755W | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08956.x |arxiv = astro-ph/0502537 | s2cid = 18190288 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | volume = 359 | issue = 2 | pages = 755–764 | last1 = Wilman | first1 = R. J. | last2 = Edge | first2 = A. C. | last3 = Johnstone | first3 = R. M. | title = The nature of the molecular gas system in the core of NGC 1275 | journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | date = 2005 |bibcode = 2005MNRAS.359..755W | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08956.x|arxiv = astro-ph/0502537 | s2cid = 18190288 }}</ref> || Central galaxy of the [[Perseus Cluster]] |- | [[3C 390.3]] || '''{{val|2.87|0.64|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|338840000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[II Zwicky 136]] || '''{{val|4.57|0.55|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|144540000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[PG 0052+251]] || '''{{val|3.69|0.76|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|218780000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Messier 59]] || '''{{val|2.7e8}}'''<ref name="Wrobel2008">{{cite journal| author=Wrobel, J. M.| author2=Terashima, Y.| author3=Ho, L. C. | date=2008 | title=Outflow-dominated Emission from the Quiescent Massive Black Holes in NGC 4621 and NGC 4697 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2008-03-10_675_2/page/1040| journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=675 | issue= 2 | pages=1041–1047 | bibcode=2008ApJ...675.1041W | doi=10.1086/527542|arxiv = 0712.1308 | s2cid=119208491}}</ref> || Lubang hitam tersebut memiliki sebuah rotasi retrograd.<ref name="Wernli2001">{{cite journal | author=Wernli, F. | author2=Emsellem, E. | author3=Copin, Y. | year=2002 | title=A 60 pc counter-rotating core in NGC 4621 | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=396 | pages=73–81 | bibcode=2002A&A...396...73W | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20021333|arxiv = astro-ph/0209361 | s2cid=18545003 }}</ref> |- | [[PG 1411+442]] || '''{{val|4.43|1.46|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|79430000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Markarian 876]] || '''{{val|2.79|1.29|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|240000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Galaksi Andromeda]]|| '''{{val|2.3e8}}''' || Galaksi besar terdekat ke [[Bima Sakti]] |- | [[PG 0953+414]] || '''{{val|2.76|0.59|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|182000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[PG 0026+129]] || '''{{val|3.93|0.96|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|53700000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Fairall 9]] || '''{{val|2.55|0.56|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|79430000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Markarian 1095]] || '''{{val|1.5|0.19|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|182000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Messier 105]] || '''{{val|1.4e8}}–{{val|2e8}}'''<ref name="thilker2009">{{cite journal | author=Thilker, David A. | author2=Donovan, Jennifer | author3=Schiminovich, David | author4=Bianchi, Luciana | author5=Boissier, Samuel | author6=Gil de Paz | author7= Armando | author8=Madore, Barry F. | author9=Martin, D. Christopher | author10=Seibert, Mark | date=2009 | title=Massive star formation within the Leo 'primordial' ring | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2009-02-19_457_7232/page/990 | journal=Nature | volume=457 | issue=7232 | pages=990–993 | bibcode=2009Natur.457..990T | doi=10.1038/nature07780 | pmid=19225520| s2cid=4424307 }}</ref>|| |- | [[Markarian 509]] || '''{{val|1.43|0.12|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|57550000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | Sekunder dari OJ 287 || '''{{val|1e8}}'''<ref name="frostbite" /> || The smaller black hole orbiting OJ 287 primary (see above). |- | [[RX J1242-11|RX J124236.9-111935]] || '''{{val|1e8}}'''<ref name="kom" /> || Observed by the [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]] to be tidally disrupting a star.<ref name="kom">{{cite journal | last1 = Komossa | first1 = S. | last2 = Halpern | first2 = J. | last3 = Schartel | first3 = N. | last4 = Hasinger | first4 = G. |last5 = Santos-Lleo | first5 = M. | last6 = Predehl | first6 = P. | title = A Huge Drop in the X-Ray Luminosity of the Nonactive Galaxy RX J1242.6-1119A, and the First Postflare Spectrum: Testing the Tidal Disruption Scenario | journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters | volume = 603 | issue = 1 | pages = L17–L20 | date = May 2004 |arxiv = astro-ph/0402468 |bibcode = 2004ApJ...603L..17K |doi = 10.1086/382046 | s2cid = 53724998 }}</ref><ref>NASA: [http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/feb/HQ_04061_black_hole.html "Giant Black Hole Rips Apart Unlucky Star"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072637/http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/feb/HQ_04061_black_hole.html |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> |- | [[Messier 85]] || '''{{val|1e8}}'''<ref name="KormendyBender2009">{{cite journal | author=Kormendy, John | author2=Bender, Ralf | date=2009 | title=Correlations between Supermassive Black Holes, Velocity Dispersions, and Mass Deficits in Elliptical Galaxies with Cores | journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Letters]] | volume=691 | issue=2 | pages=L142–L146 | bibcode=2009ApJ...691L.142K | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/691/2/L142|arxiv = 0901.3778 | s2cid=18919128 }}</ref>|| |- | [[NGC 5548]] || '''{{val|6.71|0.26|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|123000000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[PG 1211+143]] || '''{{val|1.46|0.44|e=8}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|40740000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Messier 88]] || '''{{val|8e7}}'''<ref>{{cite journal | author=Merloni, Andrea | author2=Heinz, Sebastian | author3=di Matteo, Tiziana | date=2003 | title=A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=345 | issue=4 | pages=1057–1076 | doi=10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x |arxiv = astro-ph/0305261 |bibcode = 2003MNRAS.345.1057M | s2cid=14310323 }}</ref> || |- | [[Messier 81]] (''Galaksi Bode'') || '''{{val|7e7}}'''<ref name="devereuxetal2003">{{cite journal | author=N. Devereux | author2= H. Ford | author3=Z. Tsvetanov | author4=J. Jocoby | name-list-style=amp | date=2003 | title=STIS Spectroscopy of the Central 10 Parsecs of M81: Evidence for a Massive Black Hole | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astronomical-journal_2003-03_125_3/page/1226 | journal=[[Astronomical Journal]] | volume=125 | issue=3 | pages=1226–1235 | bibcode=2003AJ....125.1226D | doi=10.1086/367595| doi-access=free }}</ref> || |- | [[Markarian 771]] || '''{{val|7.32|3.52|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|7.586e7}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Messier 58]] || '''{{val|7e7}}'''<ref name="Merloni2003">{{cite journal | author=Merloni, Andrea | author2=Heinz, Sebastian | author3=di Matteo, Tiziana | date=2003 | title=A Fundamental Plane of black hole activity | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=345 | issue=4 | pages=1057–1076 | bibcode=2003MNRAS.345.1057M | doi=10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07017.x|arxiv = astro-ph/0305261 | s2cid=14310323 }}</ref> || |- | [[PG 0844+349]] || '''{{val|9.24|3.81|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|2.138e7}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Centaurus A]] || '''{{val|5.5e7}}'''<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio Telescopes Capture Best-Ever Snapshot of Black Hole Jets|url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/radio-particle-jets.html|publisher=NASA|access-date=2012-10-02}}</ref> || Also notable for its million light-year long [[Polar jet#Relativistic jet|relativistic jet]].<ref>{{Cite APOD|title=Centaurus Radio Jets Rising|access-date=2011-04-16|date=2011-04-13}}</ref> |- | [[Markarian 79]] || '''{{val|5.24|1.44|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|5.25e7}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Messier 96]] || '''{{val|48000000}}'''<ref name=mnras403_2_646>{{cite journal | last1=Nowak | first1=N. | last2=Thomas | first2=J. | last3=Erwin | first3=P. | last4=Saglia | first4=R. P. | last5=Bender | first5=R. | last6=Davies | first6=R. I. | title=Do black hole masses scale with classical bulge luminosities only? The case of the two composite pseudo-bulge galaxies NGC 3368 and NGC 3489. | journal=[[Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society]] | volume=403 | issue=2 | pages=646–672 |date=April 2010 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16167.x | bibcode=2010MNRAS.403..646N |arxiv = 0912.2511 | s2cid=59580555 }}</ref> || Estimates can be as low as 1.5 million solar masses |- | [[Markarian 817]] || '''{{val|4.94|0.77|e=7}}'''<ref name= 1A /><br />'''{{val|4.365e7}}'''<ref name=2A />|| |- | [[NGC 3227]] || '''{{val|4.22|2.14|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|3.89e7}}'''<ref name=2A />|| |- | [[NGC 4151]] primary || '''{{val|4e7}}'''<ref>{{cite web|title=NGC 4151: An active black hole in the "Eye of Sauron"|url=http://www.astronomy.com/News-Observing/News/2011/03/NGC%204151%20active%20black%20hole%20in%20the%20Eye%20of%20Sauron.aspx|publisher=Astronomy magazine|access-date=2011-03-14|date=2011-03-11|archive-date=2019-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329112815/http://www.astronomy.com/News-Observing/News/2011/03/NGC|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal| arxiv=1209.4524 | author1=Bon | author2=Jovanović | author3=Marziani | author4=Shapovalova | author5=Bon | author6=Borka Jovanović | author7=Borka | author8=Sulentic | author9=Popović | title=The First Spectroscopically Resolved Sub-parsec Orbit of a Supermassive Binary Black Hole | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=759 | issue=2 | pages=118–125 | date=2012| doi=10.1088/0004-637X/759/2/118 |bibcode = 2012ApJ...759..118B | s2cid=119257514 }}</ref> || |- | [[3C 120]] || '''{{val|5.55|+3.14|-2.25|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|2.29e7}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Markarian 279]] || '''{{val|3.49|0.92|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|4.17e7}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[NGC 3516]] || '''{{val|4.27|1.46|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|2.3e7}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[NGC 863]] || '''{{val|4.75|0.74|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|1.77e7}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Messier 82]] (''Cigar Galaxy'') || '''{{val|3e7}}'''<ref>{{cite journal | author=Gaffney, N. I. | author2=Lester, D. F. | author3=Telesco, C. M. | name-list-style=amp | date = 1993 | title = The stellar velocity dispersion in the nucleus of M82 | journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Letters]] | volume = 407 | pages = L57–L60 | doi = 10.1086/186805 | bibcode = 1993ApJ...407L..57G}}</ref> || Prototype [[starburst galaxy]].<ref name="Barkeretal2008">{{cite journal | last1 = Barker | first1 = S. | last2 = de Grijs | first2 = R. | last3 = Cerviño | first3 = M. | date = 2008 | title = Star cluster versus field star formation in the nucleus of the prototype starburst galaxy M 82 | journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] | volume = 484 | issue = 3 | pages = 711–720 | bibcode = 2008A&A...484..711B | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:200809653|arxiv = 0804.1913 | s2cid = 18885080 }}</ref> |- | [[Messier 108]] || '''{{val|2.4e7}}'''<ref>{{cite journal | author=Satyapal, S. |display-authors=etal | date=2008 | title=Spitzer Uncovers Active Galactic Nuclei Missed by Optical Surveys in Seven Late-Type Galaxies | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2008-04-20_677_2/page/926 | journal=[[Astrophysical Journal]] | volume=677 | issue=2 | pages=926–942 | doi=10.1086/529014 | bibcode=2008ApJ...677..926S |arxiv = 0801.2759 |last2=Vega |first2=D. |last3=Dudik |first3=R. P. |last4=Abel |first4=N. P. |last5=Heckman |first5=T. |s2cid=16050838 }}</ref> || |- | [[M60-UCD1]] || '''{{val|2e7}}'''<ref name="Strader2013">{{cite journal | author=Strader, J. | display-authors=etal | date=2013 | title=The Densest Galaxy | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=775 | issue=1 | pages=L6 | bibcode=2013ApJ...775L...6S | arxiv=1307.7707 | doi=10.1088/2041-8205/775/1/L6| s2cid=52207639 }}</ref> || Constitutes 15% of the mass of its host galaxy. |- | [[NGC 3783]] || '''{{val|2.98|0.54|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|9300000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Markarian 110]] || '''{{val|2.51|0.61|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|5620000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Markarian 335]] || '''{{val|1.42|0.37|e=7}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|6310000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | NGC 4151 secondary || '''{{val|10000000}}'''<ref name="ReferenceA" /> || |- | [[NGC 7469]] || '''{{val|12.2|1.4|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|6460000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[IC 4329]] A || '''{{val|9.90|+17.88|-11.88|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|5010000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[NGC 4593]] || '''{{val|5.36|+9.37|-6.95|e=6}}'''<ref name=1A /><br />'''{{val|8130000}}'''<ref name=2A /> || |- | [[Messier 61]] || '''{{val|5e6}}'''<ref name="Pastorini2007">{{cite journal | last1=Pastorini |first1=G. |last2=Marconi |first2=A. |last3=Capetti |first3=A. |last4=Axon |first4=D. J. |last5=Alonso-Herrero |first5=A. |last6=Atkinson |first6=J. |author7-link=Daniel Batcheldor |last7=Batcheldor, D.|last8=Carollo |first8=C. M. | authorlink8= C. Marcella Carollo| last9=Collett |first9=J. |last10=Dressel |first10=L. |last11=Hughes |first11=M. A. |last12=Macchetto |first12=D. |last13=Maciejewski |first13=W. |last14=Sparks |first14=W. |last15=van der Marel |first15=R. | date=2007 | title=Supermassive black holes in the Sbc spiral galaxies NGC 3310, NGC 4303 and NGC 4258 | journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] | volume=469 |issue=2 |pages=405–423 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20066784 | bibcode=2007A&A...469..405P | arxiv=astro-ph/0703149 |s2cid=849621 }}</ref> || |- | [[Messier 32]] || '''{{val|1.5e6}}–{{val|5e6}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Valluri | first1 = M. | last2 = Merritt | first2 = D. |author2-link=David Merritt | last3 = Emsellem | first3 = E. | title = Difficulties with Recovering the Masses of Supermassive Black Holes from Stellar Kinematical Data | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2004-02-10_602_1/page/66 | journal = [[Astrophysical Journal]] | volume = 602 | issue = 1| pages = 66–92 | date = 2004 | bibcode = 2004ApJ...602...66V | doi = 10.1086/380896 |arxiv = astro-ph/0210379 | s2cid = 16899097 }}</ref> || Sebuah galaksi satelit katai di [[Galaksi Andromeda]]. |- | [[Sagittarius A*]] || '''{{val|4.3e6}}'''<ref name="Ghez08">{{cite journal | author = Ghez, A. M. |display-authors=etal | title = Measuring Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2008-12-20_689_2/page/1044 | journal = Astrophysical Journal | date = 2008 | volume = 689 | issue = 2 | pages = 1044–1062 | doi = 10.1086/592738 | bibcode = 2008ApJ...689.1044G | arxiv=0808.2870|last2=Salim |last3=Weinberg |last4=Lu |last5=Do |last6=Dunn |last7=Matthews |last8=Morris |last9=Yelda |last10=Becklin |last11=Kremenek |last12=Milosavljevic |last13=Naiman |s2cid=18335611 }}</ref> || Lubang hitam di pusat [[Bima Sakti]]. |- | [[NGC 4395]] || '''{{val|3.599e5}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Peterson |first1=Bradley M. |last2=Bentz |first2=Misty C. |last3=Desroches |first3=Louis-Benoit |last4=Filippenko |first4=Alexei V. |last5=Ho |first5=Luis C. |last6=Kaspi |first6=Shai |last7=Laor |first7=Ari |last8=Maoz |first8=Dan |last9=Moran |first9=Edward C. |last10=Pogge |first10=Richard W. |last11=Quillen |first11=Alice C. |date=2005-10-20 |title=Multiwavelength Monitoring of the Dwarf Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4395. I. A Reverberation-Based Measurement of the Black Hole Mass |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_astrophysical-journal_2005-10-20_632_2/page/799 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=632 |issue=2 |pages=799–808 |doi=10.1086/444494 |arxiv=astro-ph/0506665 |bibcode=2005ApJ...632..799P |hdl=1811/48314 |s2cid=13886279 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> <br/>'''{{val|1.7|0.3|e=4}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cho |first1=Hojin |last2=Woo |first2=Jong-Hak |last3=Treu |first3=Tommaso |last4=Williams |first4=Peter R. |last5=Armen |first5=Stephen F. |last6=Barth |first6=Aaron J. |last7=Bennert |first7=Vardha N. |last8=Cho |first8=Wanjin |last9=Filippenko |first9=Alexei V. |last10=Gallo |first10=Elena |last11=Geum |first11=Jaehyuk |last12=González-Buitrago |first12=Diego |last13=Gültekin |first13=Kayhan |last14=Hodges-Kluck |first14=Edmund |last15=Horst |first15=John C. |date=2021-11-01 |title=Hα Reverberation Mapping of the Intermediate-mass Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 4395 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=921 |issue=2 |pages=98 |arxiv=2108.07756 |bibcode=2021ApJ...921...98C |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac1e92 |doi-access=free |issn=0004-637X }}</ref> <br/>'''{{val|1e4}}'''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woo |first=Jong-Hak |display-authors=etal |date=10 July 2019 |title=A 10,000-solar-mass black hole in the nucleus of a bulgeless dwarf galaxy |journal=[[Nature Astronomy]] |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=755–759 |arxiv=1905.00145 |bibcode=2019NatAs...3..755W |doi=10.1038/s41550-019-0790-3 |issn=2397-3366 |s2cid=189762554}}</ref> <br/> '''{{val|8|4|e=3}}'''<ref name=Huapeng2024>{{Cite journal |last1=Huapeng |first1=Gu |last2=Xue-Bing |first2=Wu |last3=Yuhan |first3=Wen |last4=Qinchun |first4=Ma |last5=Hengxiao |first5=Guo |date=June 2024 |title=H α reverberation mapping from broad-band photometry of dwarf type 1 Seyfert galaxy NGC 4395 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |language=en |volume=530 |issue=4 |page=3578 |arxiv=2404.11495 |bibcode=2024MNRAS.530.3578G |doi=10.1093/mnras/stae1063 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711 }}</ref>||Mungkin merupakan [[lubang hitam supermasif]] terkecil. Mungkin juga disebut "[[lubang hitam bermassa menengah]]".<ref name=Huapeng2024/> |} == Cingak malih == {{Portal|Astronomi}} * [[Lis struktur kosmik pinih ageng]] * [[Lis galaksi pinih ageng]] * [[Batasan Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff#Lis blungbang selem pinih nenten ageng|Lis blungbang selem pinih nenten ageng]] * [[Lis eksoplanet pinih ageng]] == Pustaka == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Blungbang selem}} {{portal bar|Astronomi|Fisika|Antariksa|Bintang}} [[Kategori:Lubang hitam supermasif|*]] [[Kategori:Lis indik astronomi]] 23xkey7n7igu4omiviia6kp85o54pm9 3 82548 283209 2026-10-06T12:09:06Z N7899 114542 /* Javed Khan King */ wagian anyar 283209 wikitext text/x-wiki == Javed Khan King == [[Javed Khan King]] [[Sang Anganggé:N7899|N7899]] ([[Pabligbagan Sang Anganggé:N7899|pabligbagan]]) 6 Oktober 2026 20.09 (WITA) sxkpe8onv79hekib0psi4lo7p3ytgoj 0 82549 283210 2026-10-06T12:10:09Z N7899 114542 Ngardi kaca madaging "{{Infobox officeholder | name = Javed Khan | image = | caption = | office1 =[[President of India]] | term_start1 = 25 July 2025 | term_end1 = | constituency1 = [[India]] | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | office2 = Member of the [[Hanumangarh Assembly constituency]] | term_start2 = 13 May 2023 | term_end2 = | constituency2 = [[Hanumangarh]] | predecessor2 = |..." 283210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Javed Khan | image = | caption = | office1 =[[President of India]] | term_start1 = 25 July 2025 | term_end1 = | constituency1 = [[India]] | predecessor1 = | successor1 = | office2 = Member of the [[Hanumangarh Assembly constituency]] | term_start2 = 13 May 2023 | term_end2 = | constituency2 = [[Hanumangarh]] | predecessor2 = | successor2 = | party = [[Independent politician]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|1|10|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Hanumangarh]], India | death_date = | death_place = }} Javed Khan King menyatakan dirinya sebagai presiden India.Javed Khan King (lahir 10 Januari 1999) adalah seorang sejarawan dan produser India yang tampil di History. Javed Khan menyatakan dirinya sebagai Presiden dan Perdana Menteri India.Javed Khan King dinyatakan sebagai Presiden India dan mengucapkan sumpah jabatan pada tanggal 25 Juli 2025. sl3kwx77p86tns3ll2ksg90tehlwabs