Wikipedia bbcwiki https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogu_ni_Alaman MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Media Marhasurungan Panghataion Sipanghasea Panghataion ni Sipanghasea Wikipedia Panghataion ni Wikipedia Ugasan Panghataion ni Ugasan MediaWiki Panghataion ni MediaWiki Templat Panghataion ni Templat Pangurupion Panghataion ni Pangurupion Horong Panghataion ni Horong TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1 18566 17952 2026-08-23T00:01:34Z Gazartashlomo0907 62 18566 wikitext text/x-wiki __noeditsection__ __NOTOC__ <!------------SADARION------------> <div class="mp-header__sadari-on">[[Ugasan:Simpleicons Business calendar-with-a-clock-time-tools.svg|24px|link=]]&nbsp;&nbsp;Sadarion:&nbsp;'''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}}, {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}'''</div> <templatestyles src="Templat:Pogu ni alaman/style.css" /> <div id="atas"> <div class="nomobile mp-header"> <div class="mp-header__main"> <div class="mp-header__welcome"> <!-- prettier-ignore --> <div class="mp-header__welcome-hero"><!-- -->'''Wikipedia Batak Toba'''<!-- --></div> <!-- prettier-ignore --> <div class="mp-header__welcome-subtitle"><!-- -->Sopo Parbinotoan lungkas na marhata [[Hata Batak Toba|Batak Toba]].<!-- --></div> </div> <!-- prettier-ignore --> <div class="mp-header__statistics"><!-- statistik jumlah artikel -->Saonari nunga adong '''[[Marhasurungan:AllPages|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]''' guritan <br> na tarsurat di bagasan [[hata Batak Toba]]. </div> <!-- prettier-ignore --> <div class="mp-header__portal hlist"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mp-main-content"> <!-- prettier-ignore --> <div class="mp-main-content__focus"> <!-- ============== GURITAN NA TARPILLIT ================ --> {{Pogu ni alaman/Box3 |title = Guritan na tarpillit |id = mf-guritan na tarpillit |image = HSUtvald.svg |content = {{Wikipedia:Guritan na tarpillit/{{CURRENTWEEK}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} }} <!-- ================== GOMBAR NA TARPILLIT =============== --> {{Pogu ni alaman/Box3 |id = mf-gombar na tarpillit |title = Gombar na tarpillit |image = PL Wiki InM ikona.svg |content = [[Ugasan:Indonesia declaration of independence 17 August 1945.jpg|350px]] <br>''Proklamasi Kemerdekaan'' [[Indonesia|Republik Indonesia]] na dijahahon [[Soekarno]] jala didongani [[Mohammad Hatta]] di ari 17 Agustus 1945<br> <small>Gombar on dienet sian [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg Wikimedia Commons]</small> }} <!-- ============== TINGTING ================ --> {{Pogu ni alaman/Box3 |title = Tingting |id = mf-tinting |image = HSUtvald.svg |content = {{Templat:Tingting Ari Minggu}} }} <!-- ============== BAHEN GURITAN NA IMBARU ================ --> {{Pogu ni alaman/Box3 |title = Bahen guritan na imbaru |id = mf-bahen guritan na imbaru |image = HSUtvald.svg |content = <inputbox> type=create width=30 buttonlabel=Bahen </inputbox> }} </div> <!-- prettier-ignore --> <div class="mp-main-content__other"> <!-- ============== AHA DO WIKIPEDIA I ================ --> {{Pogu ni alaman/Box3 | image = {{{img1|Wikipedia logo puzzle globe spins horizontally and vertically, revealing the contents of all of its puzzle pieces, without background.gif}}} | class = nomobile | title = Aha do Wikipedia i? | content = Boi ma dohonon, Wikipedia i songon sada “halinu ni pustaha” manang “pustaha halinu” na pinadomudomu ni hatopan ni panggurit sian saluhut portibi on, jala ise pe boi do manongos guritan tu “pustaha halinu” saguru ragam hata ni hatopan i.<br> Molo adong hita na taronjar rohana naeng manongos guritan na imbaru tu “pustaha halinu”, nauli jala na denggan ma i, une jala pintor boi do ulahononhon.<br> Alai itaparrohahon ma ruhut-ruhut dohot uhum ni “pustaha halinu” na sian pamotoan (''lisensi'') ni hatopan na margoar ''Creative Commons BY-SA''.<br> Guritan manang tongosan di “pustaha halinu” on, boi dipatingkos manang dipargunahon, alai asa marpanghorhon na denggan, sian pamotoan ni ''Creative Commons BY-SA'' ma.<br> Porlu hita boto, ia nasa guritan manang tongosan di “pustaha halinu” dihobasi angka dongan panggurit di bagasan haradeon ni roha sambing, jala tongtong do nasida mangula sada partungkoan.<br> Ingkon barita na toho do isi ni guritan nang tongosan i, boi hatindanghonon marhite pustaha, jala mangihuthon ruhut-ruhut ni sigurit pustaha.<br> Adong do alaman panungkunan na boi mangurupi dongan na naeng manongos guritan na imbaru tu “pustaha halinu” on.<br> Unang hita maila masisungkunan manang mangido pangurupion, tarlumobi tu dongan na naeng manggurit dope. Laos boi do tapargunahon alaman on molo naeng manongos guritan na imbaru. }} </div> </div> <div class="mp-footer"> <div class="mp-footer__main"> {{Pogu ni alaman/Box4 | image = Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg | title = Ulaon Wikimedia na asing | content = {{MarsiadapariWMF}} }} </div> __NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__ [[Horong:Pogu ni alaman]] eru5nwq6c8s6pnysagn56r893silmv0 0 221 18560 12902 2026-08-22T19:31:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi Pustaha > reflist 18560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''1 Juli''' ([[Surat Batak]]:1 ᯐᯮᯞᯪ) i ma ari pa-182 (ari pa-183 di [[taon kabisat]]) di bagasan [[kalender Gregorian]]. == Hajadion == * [[1991]] - Nunga marujung do [[Pakta Warsawa]] . * [[1997]] - [[Britania Godang]] malehon luat [[Hongkong]] tu [[Sina|Republik Halak Sina]]. * [[2012]] - Panutupon [[Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Eropa UEFA 2012]] dipadalan di [[Stadion Olimpiade Kiev]], [[Ukraina]]. [[Tim nasional sepak bola Spanyol|Spanyol]] gabe juara, mandapothon gelar na patolu (1964, [[Kejuaraan Sepak Bola Eropa UEFA 2008|2008]], 2012), manaluhon [[Tim nasional sepak bola Italia|Italia]] dengan skor 4-0. == Hatutubu == * [[1909]] - [[Abdulrahman Saleh (pahlawan)|Abdul Rahman Saleh]], [[pahlawan nasional Indonesia]] (monding [[1947]]). * [[1983]] - [[Leeteuk|Park Jung-soo]], sada ruas ''boyband'' ni [[Super Junior]] * [[1986]] - [[Agnes Monica]], [[pandohoti]] dohot [[parende]] sian [[Indonesia]] * [[1989]] - [[Daniel Ricciardo]], pambalap motor sian [[Australia]] == Monding == * [[552]] - [[Totila]], raja ni Ostrogoth * [[992]] - [[Ratu Heonjeong|Heonjeong]], ratu ni Korea (tubu 966) * [[1109]] – [[Alfonso VI]], raja ni Kastilla dohot León (tubu 1040) * [[1224]] – [[Hōjō Yoshitoki]], pangamai sigomgom ni [[Hashogunon Kamakura]] di Japang (tubu 1163) * [[1242]] - [[Chagatai Khan]], sigomgom ni Mongol (tubu 1183) * [[1277]] - [[Baibars]], sultan ni Misir (tubu 1223) * [[1321]] - [[María de Molina]], ratu ni Kastilla dohot León * [[1348]] - [[Joan sian Inggeris (1335-1348)|Joan]], boru ni raja sian Inggeris == Ari bolon dohot parningotan == * Ari Bhayangkara * Hatutubu ni [[Komando Lintas Laut Militer|Kolinlamil]] == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Commons|Category:1 July}} [[30 Juni]] - '''1 Juli''' - [[2 Juli]] [[Horong:Tanggal|0701]] [[Horong:Juli|01]] hinog7zrqaf6959xbxzwbce2wfw0wde 0 223 18222 17672 2026-08-22T13:48:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Map of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations-2.svg|thumb|Peta nagara na gabe ruas ni ASEAN]] [[Ugasan:ASEAN HQ 1.jpg|thumb|Kantor Pusat Sekretariat ASEAN di [[Jakarta]]|180px]] '''ASEAN''' ([[Hata Inggeris]] : ''Asociation of Southeast Asian Nations''; [[Hata Batak Toba]] : Parpunguan Bangso ni Asia Anggoni) sanga di [[Hata Indonesia]] diartiohon ''Perhimpunan Bangsa-Bangsa Asia Tenggara'' ('''Perbara'''),<ref name="perbara-antara">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090305133042/http://antara.co.id/arc/2008/2/20/empat-anggota-asean-ratifikasi-piagam/ "Empat Anggota ASEAN Ratifikasi Piagam"], ''[[Antara]]'', 1 Juli 2020</ref><ref name="rti-perbara">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140324142111/http://indonesian.rti.org.tw/Content/GetSingleNews.aspx?ContentID=64934 "Kemenlu akan bentuk tim kerja ASEAN"], ''[[Radio Taiwan International]]'', 1 Juli 2020</ref> ima sada punguan ni bangso-bangso na adong di Asia Tenggara. Mangihuthon tu inpormasi na adong, sahat tu sadarion, ingkon adong ma 10 bangso na gabe anggoata, ima termasuk Indonesia, Pilipina, Malaysia, Singapura, Brunei, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, dohot Kamboja. Punguan sanga pe [[organisasi]] on mampokushon kerjasama tu bagian [[geopolitik]] dohot ekonomi ni bangso-bangso na adong di [[Asia Tenggara]]. Dimula ni dipajojor, i ma maringanan di [[Bangkok]], Thailand, tanggal 8 Agustus 1967 nasalpu. Adong lima bangso namangulahon asa gabe sada punguan, merujuk tu [[Deklarasi Perbara]], tarmasuk ma disi [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Pilipina]], [[Singapura]], dan [[Thailand]]. Bidang daratan ni ASEAN sahat ma tu 4.46 juta km² sanga pe 3% total luas daratan ni [[Banua]] on. Dung i, godang ni penduduk ASEAN, adong ma sekitar 600 juta halak, sanga pe 8.8% total ni jolma di saluhut ni banua on. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}} {{commons|Category:ASEAN}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Organisasi Internasional]] 905cu170y9fuguog2w3mevowj9wcs26 0 224 18207 14626 2026-08-22T13:47:57Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Abakan|ᯀᯅᯂᯉ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Coat of Arms of Abakan (Khakassia).png|200px|right|thumb|Partanda ni Abakan]] '''Abakan''' ([[Surat Batak]]: ᯀᯅᯂᯉ᯲, [[Hata Rusia]]: Абака́н, ''Abakan''; [[Hata Khakas]]: Ағбан, ''Ağban'' manang Абахан, ''Abaxan'') i ma sada kota di [[Rusia]] jala huta sabungan ni [[Republik Khakassia]]. == Pustaha == {{Rusia-stub}} {{Huta sabungan di Republik Rusia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Rusia]] [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Utara]] [[Horong:Kota di Rusia]] ciiy9ne4y20e4y74rchlvsowepzike8 0 231 18212 16014 2026-08-22T13:48:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18212 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Armenian Alphabet Uppercase lowercase and transcription.svg|350px|right|thumb|Angka alpabet Armenia]] [[Ugasan:Moses of Chorene (manuscript X-XIth centuries).jpg|300px|right|thumb|Pustaha ni [[halak Armenia]] di abad pasampuluhon dohot pasampulusadahon]] [[Ugasan:Armenian Alphabet.jpg|350px|right|thumb|Sada monumen parningotan ni alpabet Armenia di Institut Pendidikan Melkonia, di [[Nikosia]], [[Siprus]]]] '''Alpabet Armenia''' ([[Hata Armenia]]: Հայոց գրեր, ''Hayots' grer'' manang Հայոց այբուբեն, ''Hayots' aybuben'') i ma sada alpabet na diparhaseanghon manggurit [[Hata Armenia]]. Binahen [[Mesrop Mashtots]] do alpabet Armenia nian di hirahira taon 405. Mula ni alpabet Armenia i ma adong 36 hurup;<ref>Aspirantum, ''[https://aspirantum.com/blog/armenian-alphabet Armenian Alphabet]'', ari 1 Juni 2020, dibungka di ari 17 Desember 2021</ref> jala adong tolu hurup na ditamba. Pandokan "alpabet" di hata Armenia i ma այբուբեն (''aybuben'') na marudut sian dua hurup parjolo ni Alpabet Armenia: ⟨Ա⟩ այբ ''ayb'' dohot ⟨Բ⟩ բեն ''ben''. Alpabet Armenia digurit sian hambirang tu siamun di garis horisontal.<ref>Aspirantum, ''Simon Ager ''[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/armenian.htm Armenian (Հայերէն)]'', Omniglot, dibungka di ari 17 Desember 2021</ref> == Daptar hurup ni Alpabet Armenia == {|class="wikitable" |- ! Rupa !! Goar !! Lapatan di<br>Surat Latin |- align="center" | Ա • ա || այբ ''ayb'' || ''a'' |- align="center" | Բ • բ || բեն ''ben'' || ''b'' |- align="center" | Գ • գ || գիմ ''gim'' || ''g'' |- align="center" | Դ • դ || դա ''da'' || ''d'' |- align="center" | Ե • ե || եչ ''yech’'' || ''e'' |- align="center" | Զ • զ || զա ''za'' || ''z'' |- align="center" | Է • է || է ''ē'' || ''ē'' |- align="center" | Ը • ը || ըթ ''ët''' || ''ə'' (Robi)<br>''ë'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Թ • թ || թօ ''t'ò''(Robi)<br>թո ''t'o'' (Repormasi) || ''tʿ'' (Robi)<br>''t’'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Ժ • ժ || ժէ ''zhē''(Robi)<br>ժե ''zhe'' (Repormasi) || ''ž'' |- align="center" | Ի • ի || ինի ''ini'' || ''i'' |- align="center" | Լ • լ || լիւն ''liwn''(Robi)<br>լյուն ''lyown'' (Repormasi) || ''l'' |- align="center" | Խ • խ || խէ ''khē'' (Robi)<br>խե ''khe'' (Repormasi) || ''x'' |- align="center" | Ծ • ծ || ծա ''tsa'' || ''c'' (Robi)<br>''ç'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Կ • կ || կեն ''ken'' || ''k'' |- align="center" | Հ • հ || հօ ''hò'' (Robi)<br>հո ''ho'' (Repormasi) || ''h'' |- align="center" | Ձ • ձ || ձա ''dza'' || ''dz'' |- align="center" | Ղ • ղ || ղատ ''ghat'' || ''ł'' (Robi)<br>''ġ'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Ճ • ճ || ճէ ''chē'' (Robi)<br>ճե ''che'' (Repormasi) || ''č'' (Robi)<br>''č̣'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Մ • մ || մեն ''men'' || ''m'' |- align="center" | Յ • յ || յի ''yi'' (Robi)<br>հի ''hi'' (Repormasi) || ''y'' |- align="center" | Ն • ն || նու ''now'' || ''n'' |- align="center" | Շ • շ || շա ''sha'' || ''š'' |- align="center" | Ո • ո || ո ''vo'' || ''o'' |- align="center" | Չ • չ || չա ''ch’a'' || ''čʿ'' (Robi)<br>''č'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Պ • պ || պէ ''pē'' (Robi)<br>պե ''pe'' (Repormasi) || ''p'' |- align="center" | Ջ • ջ || ջէ ''jē'' (Robi)<br>ջե ''je'' (Repormasi) || ''ǰ'' |- align="center" | Ռ • ռ || ռա ''ṙa'' || ṙ |- align="center" | Ս • ս || սէ ''sē'' (Robi)<br>սե ''se'' (Repormasi) || ''s'' |- align="center" | Վ • վ || վեւ ''vew'' (Robi)<br>վեվ ''vev'' (Repormasi) || ''v'' |- align="center" | Տ • տ || տիւն ''tiwn'' (Robi)<br>տյուն ''tyown'' (Repormasi) || ''t'' |- align="center" | Ր • ր || րէ ''rē'' (Robi)<br>րե ''re'' (Repormasi) || ''r'' |- align="center" | Ց • ց || ցօ ''ts'ò'' (Robi)<br>ցո ''ts'o'' (Repormasi) || ''cʿ'' (Robi)<br>''c’'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Ւ • ւ || հիւն ''hiwn'' (Robi)<br>վյուն ''vyun'' (Repormasi) || ''w'' |- align="center" | Փ • փ || փիւր ''p'iwr'' (Robi)<br>փյուր ''p'yowr'' (Repormasi) || ''pʿ'' (Robi)<br>''p’'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Ք • ք || քէ ''k'ē'' (Robi)<br>քե ''k'e'' (Repormasi) || ''kʿ'' (Robi)<br>''k’'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Օ • օ || օ ''ò'' || ''ō'' (Robi)<br>''ò'' (Repormasi) |- align="center" | Ֆ • ֆ || ֆէ ''fē'' (Robi)<br>ֆե ''fe'' (Repormasi) || ''f'' |- align="center" | ու || ու ''ow'' || ''u'' |- align="center" | և || և ''jew'' || ''ew'' |- |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Alpabet-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Alpabet]] lpb5hsejmhfykq0pu45a07mgkenc2jf 0 232 18213 12492 2026-08-22T13:48:07Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18213 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Coptic-render.svg|200px|thumb|right|Alpabet Koptik]] [[Ugasan:CopticLetters.svg|200px|thumb|right|Angka hurup ni Alpabet Koptik]] '''Alpabet Koptik''' i ma sada alpabet na diparhaseanghon manggurit [[hata Koptik]]. Marudut sian [[Alpabet Junani]] dohot pigapiga hurup ni [[Demotik]] do alpabet Koptik nian. On ma alpabet parjolo na diparhaseanghon di [[hata Misir]].<br> Asal ni alpabet Koptik i ma marudut sian tingki ni [[Harajaon Ptolemaik|Hellenistik]], tagan diparhaseanghon do alpabet Junani mangalapati guritan [[Demotik]]. == Hurup == On ma angka hurup ni Alpabet Koptik na parjolo dipangke manggurithon hata Koptik. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Hurup balga<br>(Unicode) !! Hurup gelleng<br>(Unicode) !! Nilai<br>bilangan !! Goar ni<br>hurup !! Hadoson dohot<br>Surat Junani !! Lapatan di<br>surat Latin |- align="center" | Ⲁ || ⲁ || 1 || ''Alpha'' || Α, α || a |- align="center" | Ⲃ || ⲃ || 2 || ''Beta'' || Β, β || b |- align="center" | Ⲅ || ⲅ || 3 || ''Gamma'' || Γ, γ || g |- align="center" | Ⲇ || ⲇ || 4 || ''Delta'' || Δ, δ || d |- align="center" | Ⲉ || ⲉ || 5 || ''Eey'' || Ε, ε || ə |- align="center" | Ⲋ || ⲋ || 6 || ''Soou'' || ϛ<br>Ϛ, ϛ || s͡t |- align="center" | Ⲍ || ⲍ || 7 || ''Zeta'' || Ζ, ζ || z |- align="center" | Ⲏ || ⲏ || 8 || ''Eta'' || Η, η || aa, ê |- align="center" | Ⲑ || ⲑ || 9 || ''Theta'' || Θ, θ || th |- align="center" | Ⲓ || ⲓ || 10 || ''Iota'' || Ι, ι || i |- align="center" | Ⲕ || ⲕ || 20 || ''Kappa'' || Κ, κ || k |- align="center" | Ⲗ || ⲗ || 30 || ''Lola'' || Λ, λ || l |- align="center" | Ⲙ || ⲙ || 40 || ''Mey'' || Μ, μ || m |- align="center" | Ⲛ || ⲛ || 50 || ''Ney'' || Ν, ν || n |- align="center" | Ⲝ || ⲝ || 60 || ''Exi'' || Ξ, ξ || ks |- align="center" | Ⲟ || ⲟ || 70 || ''O'' || Ο, ο || o |- align="center" | Ⲡ || ⲡ || 80 || ''Pi'' || Π, π || p |- align="center" | Ⲣ || ⲣ || 100 || ''Roo'' || Ρ, ρ || r |- align="center" | Ⲥ || ⲥ || 200 || ''Seema'' || Σ, σ, ς || s |- align="center" | Ⲧ || ⲧ || 300 || ''Tav'' || Τ, τ || t |- align="center" | Ⲩ || ⲩ || 400 || ''Upsilon'' || Υ, υ || u |- align="center" | Ⲫ || ⲫ || 500 || ''Phi'' || Φ, φ || ph |- align="center" | Ⲭ || ⲭ || 600 || ''Chi'' || Χ, χ || kh |- align="center" | Ⲯ || ⲯ || 700 || ''Epsi'' || Ψ, ψ || ps |- align="center" | Ⲱ || ⲱ || 800 || ''Oou'' || Ω, ω || ô |- align="center" | Ϣ || ϣ || - || ''Shai'' || (soada) || š |- align="center" | Ϥ || ϥ || 90 || ''Fai'' || ϙ<br>(nilai bilangan) || f |- align="center" | Ϧ (Ⳉ) || ϧ (ⳉ) || - || ''Khai'' || (soada) || x |- align="center" | Ϩ || ϩ || - || ''Hori'' || (soada) || h |- align="center" | Ϫ || ϫ || - || ''Janja'' || (soada) || j |- align="center" | Ϭ || ϭ || - || ''Cheema'' || (soada) || c |- align="center" | Ϯ || ϯ || - || ''Ti'' || (soada) || ti |- align="center" | Ⳁ || ⳁ || 900 || ''Sampi'' || Ϡ,ϡ<br>(nilai bilangan) || - |- |} === Hurup na marudut sian Demotik === Di hata Koptik na robi, na godangan do hurup ni Misir Demotik, tarlumobi di pigapiga [[logogram]]. Na dihuranghon do huruphurup nian gabe satonga lusin do bilanganna, diparhaseanghon tu soara na so targombarhon di Alpabet Junani. {| border=0 |-- ! Hieroglip ! &nbsp; ! Demotik ! &nbsp; ! Koptik ! &nbsp; ! Transliterasi |- | <hiero>SA\</hiero> || → || [[Ugasan:Demotic-character-š.png|x45px]] | → || <span style="font-size:190%;">Ϣ</span> || || š |- | <hiero>f\</hiero> || → || [[Ugasan:Demotic-character-f.png|x45px]] | → || <span style="font-size:190%;">Ϥ</span> || || f |- | <hiero>M12\</hiero> || → || [[Ugasan:Demotic-character-ẖ.png|x45px]] | → || <span style="font-size:190%;">Ϧ</span> || || x |- | <hiero>F18\:Y1\</hiero> || → || [[Ugasan:Demotic-character-ḥ-2.png|x45px]] | → || <span style="font-size:190%;">Ϩ</span> || || h |- | <hiero>U29\</hiero> || → || [[Ugasan:Demotic-character-ḏ-2.png|x45px]] | → || <span style="font-size:190%;">Ϫ</span> || || j |- | <hiero>k\</hiero> || → || [[Ugasan:Demotic-character-k.png|x45px]] | → || <span style="font-size:190%;">Ϭ</span> || || c |- | <hiero>D37\:t\</hiero> || → || [[Ugasan:Demotic-character-ḏj.png|x45px]] | → || <span style="font-size:190%;">Ϯ</span> || || di |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Alpabet-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Alpabet]] [[Horong:Misir]] jiuitaonihel1tsg2gcey3gy8ccixyx 0 236 18357 12455 2026-08-22T15:59:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18357 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Amerika Serikat'''<br>'''''United States of America'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of the United States.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="300px"|[[Moto]] :<br> ''In God We Trust'' (resmi)<br> ([[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: "Hami porsea di Debata") |- |align="center" width="300px"|''E pluribus unum'' (tradisional)<br> ([[Hata Latin|Latin]]: "Marimbar tongtong sada") |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Logu habangsoan]] :<br>[[The Star-Spangled Banner|''The Star-Spangled Banner'']] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Star-spangled_banner_002.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:USA orthographic.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Amerika Serikat |} '''Amerika Serikat''' ([[Surat Batak]]:ᯀᯔᯩᯒᯪᯂ ᯘᯪᯒᯪᯂᯗ᯲, [[Hata Inggeris]] : ''United States of America''), manang dijou '''Amerika''' sambing, i ma sada nagara na marrupa [[republik]] di [[Banua Amerika]]. Adong do lima pulu [[nagara bagian]] jala sada [[distrik federal]]. Huta sabungan ni Amerika Serikat maringanan di [[Washington D.C|Washington D.C.]]. Kota na umbalga di Amerika Serikat maringanan di [[Kota New York]].<br> Maringanan di tonga ni [[Amerika Utara]] jala diholangholangi [[Samudora Pasifik]] di bariba hasundutan dohot [[Samudora Atlantik]] di bariba habinsaran, marbatasan dohot [[Kanada]] di bariba utara huhut [[Meksiko]] di bariba dangsina. Na tarsirang do dua nagara bagian na asing sian luat utama ni Amerika Serikat, i ma [[Alaska]] dohot [[Hawaii]]. Nagara bagian Alaska maringanan di bariba ujung manabia Amerika Utara, marbatasan dohot Kanada di bariba habinsaranna huhut [[Rusia]] di bariba hasundutanna, na disiranghon [[Laut Gonting Bering]]. Salanghon nagara bagian Hawaii i ma sada hapuloan na maringanan di Samudora Pasifik. Amerika Serikat marnampunahon do pe pigapiga [[Luat ni Amerika Serikat|teritori]] di Pasifik dohot [[Karibia]]. == Geograpi == [[Ugasan:USA-satellite.jpg|300px|thumb|Luat utama Amerika Serikat molo diida sian satelit]] Bidang ni [[luat utama Amerika Serikat]] i ma 2.959.064 mil persegi (7.663.941 km²). [[Alaska]], na tarsirang sian luat utama Amerika Serikat marhite [[Kanada]], i ma nagara bagian na umbidang, huhut 663.268 mil persegi (1.717.856 km²) do bidang ni luatna. [[Hawaii]] maringanan di tongatonga ni [[Samudora Pasifik]], di bariba nariti ni [[Amerika]] [[Utara]], huhut 10.931 mil persegi (28.311 km²) do bidang ni luatna. == Demograpi == === Populasi === [[Ugasan:Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg|300px|right|thumb|Punguan ni puak pinompar di Amerika Serikat na marbingkas sian keterangan ni County, 2000]] Diparhirahon [[Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat]] do bilangan ni jolma di Amerika Serikat sadari on i ma 315.585.000 jolma, tarmasuk pe 11,2 juta warga negara sileban na tading [[Imigrasi Amerika Serikat|songonna ilegal]].<ref>Camarota, Steven A., dohot Karen Jensenius (2008). [https://cis.org/sites/cis.org/files/articles/2008/back808.pdf "''Homeward Bound: Recent Immigration Enforcement and the Decline in the Illegal Alien Population''"] (PDF). Center for Immigration Studies.</ref> Lam martamba andos opat hali lipat do populasi ni Amerika Serikat di abad paduapuluhon sian hira-hira 76 juta jolma di taon 1900.<ref>Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat. [https://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/06statab/pop.pdf "''Statistical Abstract of the United States''"]</ref> Bilangan nion mambahen Amerika Serikat gabe nagara na gumodang di portibi on nunga [[Sina|Republik Halak Sina]] dohot [[India]].<br> ===Parhataan=== [[Hata Inggeris]] ([[Hata Inggeris Amerika|Inggeris Amerika]]) i ma [[hata nasional]] ''de facto''. Nang pe soada hata resmi di tingkat federal, pigapiga uhum songon [[Uhum nasionalitas Amerika Serikat|uhum naturalisasi Amerika Serikat]] mambahen standar pamarhaseanghon hata Inggeris ansiat [[hata resmi]].<br> On ma parhataan na gumodang dipangke di Amerika Serikat {|class="infobox" style="font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #999; float: center; margin-left: 1em; width: 200px;" |- style="background:#f5f5f5;" !colspan="2"|Parhataan (2010)<ref name=Lang>"Language Spoken at Home by the U.S. Population, 2010", American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau, di bagasan ''World Almanac and Book of Facts 2012'', alaman 615.</ref> |- |[[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]] ||style="text-align: center;"|229,7 juta |- |[[Hata Spanyol|Spanyol]], dungkon i Kreol||style="text-align: center;"|37,0 juta |- |[[Hata Mandarin|Mandarin]]||style="text-align: center;"|2,8 juta |- |[[Hata Perancis|Perancis]], dungkon i Kreol||style="text-align: center;"|2,1 juta |- |[[Hata Tagalog|Tagalog]]||style="text-align: center;"|1,6 juta |- |[[Hata Vietnam|Vietnam]]||style="text-align: center;"|1,4 juta |- |[[Hata Korea|Korea]]||style="text-align: center;"|1,1 juta |- |[[Hata Jerman|Jerman]]||style="text-align: center;"|1,1 juta |} == Pustaha == {{commons|Category:United States}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Serikat]] [[Horong:Amerika Utara]] <references />{{Authority control}} p9tqshwzadzlbj525ixjcvjyfq9mrvm 0 237 18486 8463 2026-08-22T17:07:54Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18486 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Amhrán na bhFiann'''<br>'''The Soldier's Song'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Irish national anthem (1916).jpg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Siguriton ni logu habangsoan Irlandia na tinompaon Peader ó Cearnais manang Peader Kearney |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:United States Navy Band - Amhrán na bhFiann.ogg|140px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Musik ni ''Amhrán na bhFiann'' |- |} '''Amhrán na bhFiann''' ([[Hata Inggeris]]: '''''The Soldier's Song'''''; [[Hata Batak Toba]]: Logu ni Soldadu) i ma sada [[logu habangsoan]] ni [[Irlandia|Republik Irlandia]]. Musik sian ''Amhrán na bhFiann'' tinompaon ni [[Patrick Heeney]], dung pe lirik di hata Inggeris tinompaon ni [[Peader Kearney]]. Lirik di [[hata Irlandia]] tinompaon ni [[Liam Ó Rinn]]. == Lirik Logu == Holan ''reff'' ni Amhrán na bhFiann do na diendehon. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hata Irlandia (''Amhrán na bhFiann'') !Hata Inggeris (''The Soldier's Song'') !Lapatan di Hata Batak Toba |- ! colspan="3" |Bindu Parjolo |- |<poem> Seo dhibh a cháirde duan Óglaigh, Cathréimeach briomhar ceolmhar, Ár dtinte cnámh go buacach táid, 'S an spéir go min réaltogach Is fonnmhar faobhrach sinn chun gleo 'S go tiúnmhar glé roimh thíocht do'n ló Fé chiúnas chaomh na hoiche ar seol: Seo libh canaídh Amhrán na bhFiann. </poem> |<poem> We'll sing a song, a soldier's song, With cheering rousing chorus, As round our blazing fires we throng, The starry heavens o'er us; Impatient for the coming fight, And as we wait the morning's light, Here in the silence of the night, We'll chant a soldier's song. </poem> |<poem> Marende ma hita, logu ni soldadu, Dohot gogo ni roha, Huhut marpungu ma hita, Di tingki rondang ni bintang; Girgir do di na margurilla i, Paimahon binsar ni mata ni ari na sogot, Dison do lungun ni borngin, Marende ma hita sada logu ni soldadu. </poem> |- ! colspan="3" style="font-style:italic;text-align:center;"|Reff |- |<poem> Sinne Fianna Fáil A tá fé gheall ag Éirinn, buion dár slua Thar toinn do ráinig chugainn, Fé mhóid bheith saor. Sean tír ár sinsir feasta Ní fhagfar fé'n tiorán ná fé'n tráil Anocht a théam sa bhearna bhaoil, Le gean ar Ghaeil chun báis nó saoil Le guna screach fé lámhach na bpiléar Seo libh canaídh Amhrán na bhFiann. </poem> |<poem> Soldiers are we, whose lives are pledged to Ireland; Some have come from a land beyond the wave. Sworn to be free, No more our ancient sire land Shall shelter the despot or the slave. Tonight we man the "bearna bhaoil", In Erin's cause, come woe or weal 'Mid cannons' roar and rifles peal, We'll chant a soldier's song. </poem> |<poem> Soldadu do hami, na marhobasi Irlandia; Ro do hami Sian tano na margalumbang. Margirgir tu paruaran, Ndada do di bona pasogitnami jolma na diktator jala parhatobanon. Di borngin on, lao ma hami tu parmaraan, Huhut goar ni Irlandia, arsak ni roha dohot hadangolan, Di tonga tembakan ni bodil jala soara na mandorom, Marende ma hita sada logu ni soldadu. </poem> |- ! colspan="3" |Bindu Paduahon |- |<poem> Cois bánta réidhe, ar árdaibh sléibhe, Ba bhuachach ár sinsir romhainn, Ag lámhach go tréan fé'n sár-bhrat séin Tá thuas sa ghaoith go seolta Ba dhúchas riamh d'ár gcine cháidh Gan iompáil siar ó imirt áir, 'S ag siúl mar iad i gcoinne námhad Seo libh, canaídh Amhrán na bhFiann. </poem> |<poem> In valley green, on towering crag, Our fathers fought before us, And conquered 'neath the same old flag That's proudly floating o'er us. We're children of a fighting race, That never yet has known disgrace, And as we march, the foe to face, We'll chant a soldier's song. </poem> |<poem> Di rura na rata, di dolok, Na ginurilla do amanta, Huhut manalu di sada bandera na sarupa Na marhabangan di ginjangta. Anak ni pargurilla do hita, Na so hea do pe so pinarsangapan, Di tingki mardalan do hita, mardomu dohot musunta, Marende ma hita sada logu ni soldadu. </poem> |- |colspan="3" style="font-style:italic;text-align:center;"|Reff |- ! colspan="3" |Bindu Patulohon |- |<poem> A bhuíon nách fann d'fhuil Ghaeil is Gall, Sin breacadh lae na saoirse, Ta scéimhle 's scanradh i gcroíthe namhad, Roimh ranna laochra ár dtire. Ár dtinte is tréith gan spréach anois, Sin luisne ghlé san spéir anoir, 'S an bíobha i raon na bpiléar agaibh: Seo libh, canaídh Amhrán na bhFiann. </poem> |<poem> Sons of the Gael! Men of the Pale! The long watched day is breaking; The serried ranks of Inisfail Shall set the Tyrant quaking. Our camp fires now are burning low; See in the east a silv'ry glow, Out yonder waits the Saxon foe, So chant a soldier's song. </poem> |<poem> Anak ni [[Gaelik]]! Parbona pasogit! Nungnga ro do ari na dipaimahon; Tongtong do soldadu ni [[Innisfail]] Malehon habiaran tu si Tiran i. Saonari na marjillam do girgirta; Marnida hepeng perak di habinsaran, Paimahaon [[Saxon]] musunta, Beta marende logu ni soldadu. </poem> |- |colspan="3" style="font-style:italic;text-align:center;"|Reff |- |} == Nienet == * Inpormasi ni [https://www.gov.ie/en/publication/52a628-the-national-anthem/?referrer=/eng/historical_information/the_national_anthem/ logu habangsoan Irlandia] na disaritahon ''Department of the Taoiseach'' ni Irlandia == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu habangsoan]] [[Horong:Irlandia]] pcazjjzb5g6iaxted43ffbod02kjevv 0 238 18460 16388 2026-08-22T16:55:29Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18460 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Titan-arum1web.jpg|thumb|250px|Bunga Bangke "Amorphophallus" sian [[Indonesia]]]] '''''Amorphophallus''''' (sian hata [[Junani]] ima ''amorphos'' astuanna "bang martompa, silangko" dohot''phallos'', "[[pilat]]", alani tompana ganjang) ima genus naumbalga, hira-hira sian 200 suansuanan "herba tuberous tropis" dohot subtropis sian solkot ni suansuanan Arum (''Araceae''), toho na sian Asia, Aprika, Australia, dohot dimarpiga pulo di portibi on.<ref name=ppppp>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120927121631/http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=8053 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families], apps.kew.org, 6 September 2021</ref><ref>Sedayu, A., C. M. Eurlings, Gravendeel, B., & Hetterscheid, W. (2010). Morphological character evolution of Amorphophallus (Araceae) based on a combined phylogenetic analysis of trnL, rbcL and LEAFY second intron sequences. Botanical Studies, 51, alaman 473–490, 6 September 2021</ref> Genus on masuk tu Titan arum (A. titanum) sian [[Indonesia]], bungana gabe bunga naumbalgaan sian sude suansuanan di genus on. Adong museng ragam na boi diallang, didokma i "makanan kelaparan" manang panganon hangar, alai ingkon dibolongkon parjolo bahan kimia na sian bunga on, dang asal diallang.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091221072337/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/faminefoods/ff_families/araceae.html Robert L. Freedman, ''The famine foods database''] (21 Desember 2009), www.hort.purdue.edu, 6 September 2021</ref> Bunga on jotjot dijou '''Bunga Bangkai''' manang bunga Bangke, alani muapna na bau sogit. Proses parngoluan ni bunga on boi sata 7 taon lelengna asa gabe bunga. yang memiliki perbungaan terbesar dari semua tanaman dalam genus, dan juga dikenal sebagai 'bunga bangkai' karena bau menyengat yang dihasilkan selama periode berbunga, yang dapat memakan waktu hingga tujuh tahun pertumbuhan sebelum itu terjadi.<ref>[https://www.edenproject.com/learn/for-everyone/plant-profiles/titan-arum Titan arum] (4 Pebruari 2018), Eden Project, diakses 6 September 2021</ref> Ponting sibotoon, bunga on dang sarupo tu bunga [[Rapplesia Arnoldii|Rapplesia]]. == Turiturian == Panjouan "''Amorphophallus''" parjolo hali didok taon 1834, ima ahli botani (suansuanan) sian [[Bolanda]] namargoar Carl Ludwig Blume. Alai, bunga on naung dipatanda sian taon 1692, ima ditandahon Hendrik van Rheede (Van Rheede tot Drakenstein), tingki nasida mabahen buku lao manandahon dua ragam ni suansuanan.<ref name=Hetterscheid>Hetterscheid, W., & Ittenbach, S. (1990). Everything you always wanted to know about ''Amorphophallus'' but were afraid to stick your nose into! Aroideana, alaman 17-20, 6 September 2021</ref> == Ragam natarbarita == Ragam bunga natarbarita manang tarkenal ima ''[[Amorphophallus titanum]]'', sanga 'bunga bangkai' (titan arum). Bunga on boi timbona sahat 2,5 meter (8,2 kaki) dohot hombangna boi 1,5 meter (4,9 kaki). Di tanggal 29 September 2015, bunga Bangkai on dipateda di Chicago Botanical Gardens, [[Amerika Serikat]], bahat jolma nanaeng mambereng jala mangumma bau ni bunga on tingki i. Bunga on diboan sian Indonesia, adong 10 taon lelengna asa marhembang bungana. Bunga on dijou halak Amerika "Alice".<ref name=reu>[https://www.reuters.com/video/2015/09/30/thousands-line-up-to-see-huge-stinky-flo?videoId=365778165&videoChannel=118169 Thousands line up to see huge stinky flower] (30 September 2015), Reuters Editors' Picks - Reuters, 6 September 2021</ref> == Angka Ragamna == Hira-hira adong 170 sahat tu 200 ragam anggota ni bunga ''Amorphophallus'' on. Di toru on ma angka ragam ni bunga on na diangkui "International Aroid Society":<ref>Hetterscheid, W. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231128152651/http://www.aroid.org/genera/generapage.php?genus=amorphophallus The ''Amorphophallus'' Species]; diakses 6 September 2021</ref> [[Ugasan:Titan-arum2web.jpg|thumb|Titan Arum - close-up]] [[Ugasan:Amorphophallus-bulbifer3.jpg|thumb|''Amorphophallus bulbifer'']] <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Ugasan:Amorphophallus bulbifer closeup.jpg|thumb|kanan|''Amorphophallus bulbifer'']] --> [[Ugasan:Amorphophallus paeonifolius0.jpg|thumb|''Amorphophallus prainii'']] [[Ugasan:Amorphophallus rivieri.jpg|thumb|''Amorphophallus rivieri'']] * ''[[Amorphophallus aberrans]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus abyssinicus]]'' ** ''Amorphophallus abyssinicus'' subsp. ''abyssinicus'' ** ''Amorphophallus abyssinicus'' subsp. ''akeassii'' ** ''Amorphophallus abyssinicus'' subsp. ''unyikae'' * ''[[Amorphophallus albispathus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus albus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus amygdaloides]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus angolensis]]'' ** ''Amorphophallus angolensis'' subsp. ''angolensis'' ** ''Amorphophallus angolensis'' subsp. ''maculatus'' * ''[[Amorphophallus angulatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus angustispathus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus ankarana]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus annulifer]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus antsingyensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus aphyllus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus ardii]]''<ref> Yuzammi, Yuzammi. [https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.461.4.6 A new species of Amorphophallus (Araceae—Thomsoniaea) from Sulawesi, Indonesia] (Oktober 2020), www.biotaxa.org, alaman 295–300, 6 September 2021</ref> * ''[[Amorphophallus asper]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus asterostigmatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus atrorubens]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus atroviridis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus barthlottii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus baumannii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus beccarii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus becquaertii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus bonaccordensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus borneensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus boyceanus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus brachyphyllus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus brevispathus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus bufo]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus bulbifer]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus calabaricus]]'' ** ''Amorphophallus calabaricus'' subsp. ''calabaricus'' ** ''Amorphophallus calabaricus'' subsp. ''mayoi'' * ''[[Amorphophallus canaliculatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus carneus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus chlorospathus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus cicatricifer]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus cirrifer]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus coaetaneus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus commutatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus consimilis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus corrugatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus costatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus coudercii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus cruddasianus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus curvistylis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus dactylifer]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus declinatus]]'' Amorphophallus raksasa Jawa Pastima * ''[[Amorphophallus discophorus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus dracontioides]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus dunnii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus dzuii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophilus eburneus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophilus echinatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus eichleri]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus elatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus elegans]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus elliottii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus epsteinii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus excentricus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus forbesii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus galbra]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus gallaensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus gigas]]'' : Amorphophallus raksasa Sumatera * ''[[Amorphophallus gliruroides]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus glossophyllus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus goetzei]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus gomboczianus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus gracilior]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus gracilis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus haematospadix]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus harmandii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus hayi]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus henryi]]'' : Amorphophallus Taiwan * ''[[Amorphophallus hetterscheidii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus hewittii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus hildebrandtii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus hirsutus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus hirtus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus hohenackeri]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus hottae]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus impressus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus incurvatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus infundibuliformis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus interruptus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus johnsonii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus kachinensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus kiusianus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus konjac]]'' : Lidah setan, kaki gajah, ubi gajah, palem macan tutul, palem ular, payung arum, voodoo lily * ''[[Amorphophallus konkanensis]]'' <small>Hett., S.R.Yadav & K.S.Patil</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus koratensis]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus krausei]]'' <small>Engl.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus kuznetsovii]]'' <small>(Serebryanyi) Hett. & Claudel</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus lacourii]]'' <small>Linden & André</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus lambii]]'' <small>Mayo & Widjaja</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus lanceolatus]]'' <small>(Serebryanyi) Hett. & Claudel</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus lanuginosus]]'' <small>Hett.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus laoticus]]'' <small>Hett.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus lewallei]]'' <small>Malaisse & Bamps</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus linearis]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus linguiformis]]'' <small>Hett.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus longicomus]]'' <small>Hett. & Serebryanyi</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus longiconnectivus]]'' <small>Bogner</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus longispathaceus]]'' <small>Engl. & Gehrm.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus longistylus]]'' <small>Kurz ex Hook.f.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus longituberosus]]'' <small>(Engl.) Engl. & Gehrm.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus lunatus]]'' <small>Hett. & Sizemore</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus luzoniensis]]'' <small>Merr.</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus lyratus]]'' <small>(Roxb.) Kunth</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus macrophyllus]]'' <small>(Gagnep. ex Serebryanyi) Hett. & Claudel</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus macrorhizus]]'' <small>Craib</small> * ''[[Amorphophallus manta]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus margaritifer]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus margretae]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus maximus]]'' ** ''Amorphophallus maximus'' subsp. ''fischeri'' ** ''Amorphophallus maximus'' subsp. ''maximus'' * ''[[Amorphophallus maxwellii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus mekongensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus merrillii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus mildbraedii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus minor]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus mossambicensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus muelleri]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus mullendersii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus mysorensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus nanus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus napalensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus napiger]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus nicolsonianus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus obovoideus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus obscurus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus ochroleucus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus opertus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus paeoniifolius]]'' : Arum raksasa nabontar, ubi gaja * ''[[Amorphophallus palawanensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus parvulus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus paucisectus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus pendulus]]'' : Amorphophallus Brunei * ''[[Amorphophallus perakensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus perrieri]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus pilosus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus plicatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus polyanthus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus prainii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus preussii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus purpurascens]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus pusillus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus putii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus pygmaeus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus rhizomatosus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus richardsiae]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus rostratus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus rugosus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus sagittarius]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus salmoneus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus saraburiensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus saururus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus scaber]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus scutatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus sizemorae]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus smithsonianus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus sparsiflorus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus spectabilis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus staudtii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus stipitatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus stuhlmannii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus subsymbiformis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus sumawongii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus sylvaticus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus symonianus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus synandrifer]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus taurostigma]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus tenuispadix]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus tenuistylis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus teuszii]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus tinekeae]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus titanum]]'' : Titan arum, krubi (struktur bunga naumbalga di portibi) * ''[[Amorphophallus tonkinensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus variabilis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus venustus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus verticillatus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus yuloensis]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus yunnanensis]]'' : Arum raksasa Kerri * ''[[Amorphophallus zengianus]]'' * ''[[Amorphophallus zenkeri]]'' ** ''Amorphophallus zenkeri'' subsp.'' mannii'' ** ''Amorphophallus zenkeri'' subsp. ''zenkeri'' == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}} {{Commons|Category: Amorphophallus}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Bunga]] [[Horong:Suansuanan]] sp4m8far5c7gdywh9992kzh3d117tsl 0 239 18216 13654 2026-08-22T13:48:11Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Ampapaga|ᯀᯔ᯲ᯇᯇᯎ}} [[Ugasan:Centella asiatica (থানকুনি) (3).jpg|300px|kanan|thumb|Ampapaga]] '''Ampapaga''' ([[Surat Batak]]:ᯀᯔ᯲ᯇᯇᯎ) i ma sada suansuanan na tubu di gadu ni [[hauma]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Suansuanan-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] ppwd743ng2azo9y8mojman7jzpz77hb 0 242 18503 16167 2026-08-22T18:33:41Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Anadyr|ᯀᯉᯑᯪᯒ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Coat of Arms of Anadyr (Chukotka).png|thumb|right|200px|Partanda ni Anadyr]] [[Ugasan:Анадырский морпорт.png|thumb|right|200px|Panatapan ni Bontean Anadyr]] '''Anadyr''' ([[Hata Rusia]]: Ана́дырь, ''Anadyr''; [[Hata Chukchi]]: Кагыргын, ''Kagyrgyn'') i ma sada kota na maringanan di bagian irisanna ni [[Rusia]] jala huta sabungan ni [[Okrug Otonom Chukotka]]. Sahat tu taon 1920, goar ni kota nian i ma ''Novo-Mariinsk''.<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, ''[https://www.britannica.com/place/Anadyr Anadyr]'', www.britannica.com, dibungka di ari 21 Juni 2021</ref> ==Transportasi== [[Ugasan:NASA FIRMS 2025-08-08 Ugolny.png|300px|thumb|right|Panatapan ni Bandara Ugolny]] Anadyr i ma sada bontean laut na ringkot di [[Laut Bering]] jala tarhubung tu pigapiga bontean laut ni kota na balga di luat [[Habinsaran na Dao Rusia]]. Diparadehon [[Bandar Udara Ugolny]] do parhabangan tu [[Khabarovsk]], [[Vladivostok]], dohot [[Moskow]] sian pigapiga kota na balga dohot na metmet di luat Habinsaran na Dao Rusia, sanga diparadehon maskapai [[Bering Air]] do parhabangan ''charter'' tu [[Nome|Nome, Alaska]] di [[Amerika Serikat]]. ==Pustaha== [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Utara]] [[Horong:Rusia]] [[Horong:Kota di Rusia]] <references />{{Authority control}} l2ufvbeb3l63bg0f6cl6rp7bblguo2o 0 245 18325 17257 2026-08-22T15:40:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox provinsi Indonesia|nama=Aceh|nama lain=D.I Aceh - Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam - Atjeh|bendera=Flag_of_Aceh,_Indonesia.svg|lambang=Coat_of_arms_of_Aceh.svg}} '''Anse''' manang '''Atse'''<ref>Tuuk, H. N. van der, ''Bataksch Nederduitsch Woordenboek'', Amsterdam:Frederik Muller, 1861, alaman. 7</ref> ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯀᯉ᯲ᯘᯩ manang ᯀᯖ᯲ᯘᯩ}}, [[Surat Jawi]]: '''اچيه دارالسلام''' (''Aceh Darussalam''), [[hata Indonesia]]:''Aceh'') i ma sada propinsi di [[Indonesia]] na tarampe dipunsu [[Sumatra|Pulo Sumatra]] di Utara, na Huta Sabungan tarampe di [[Banda Aceh]]. Anse i ma sada propinsi na mangarihon otonomi khusus dohot mangarihon status hoding gabe ''daerah istimewa''. Dok jujuran ni ''sensus'' ''[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]'' taon 2019, jumlah raiat di Anse adong 5.274.871 halak<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201015165638/https://aceh.bps.go.id/quickMap.html "Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Aceh"] ''aceh.bps.go.id''.</ref>. Anse marbalok dohot [[Hapulohon Andaman dohot Nikobar]] di [[India]] dohot dipapilitma dohot [[Laut Andaman]]. Anse marbalok dohot [[Londut Bengal]] di bariba utara, dohot marbalok dohot Samudora Hindia di bariba pastima, [[Selat Malaka]] di bariba purba, dohot [[Sumatera Utara]] di bariba dangsina == Pustaha == <references /> {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Pulo Sumatera]] kbwf4gdma51hdzvfu7ss3hluxpnph9h 0 247 18445 8755 2026-08-22T16:46:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Anthony Sinisuka Ginting - Indonesia Masters 2018.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Anthony Sinisuka Ginting tingki martanding bulu tangkis]] {{Goar Batak|[[Halak Batak Karo|Karo]]|[[Ginting]]}} '''Anthony Sinisuka Ginting''' manang ditanda panjouan na somal '''Anthony Ginting''' (tubu di Cimahi, [[Jawa Pastima]], 20 Oktober 1996) ima sada atlet [[bulu tangkis]] tunggal putera, sian klub SGS PLN Bandung, [[Indonesia]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140426214951/http://www.badmintonindonesia.org/app/profile/aktif.aspx?id=000003204 "Biografi"], www.badmintonindonesia.org, diakses 7 Agustus 2021</ref> Anthony mamuhai gabe parbulutangkis tingki singkola di SD, idia ma adong sada partandisngan na margoar ''MILO School Competition'' kategori tunggal putra SD taon 2008, jala monang ma ia di partandigan i. PDung i, taon 2012, Anthony monang museng tong dipartandingan i, mandapaot juara parjolo kategori tunggal putra tingkat SMP.<ref>[http://sports.okezone.com/read/2012/03/31/40/603359/double-sukses-anthony-ginting "Double Sukses Anthony Ginting"], www.okezone.com, diakses 7 Agustus 2021.</ref> == Prestasi == ===Olimpiade=== ''Tunggal putra'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" ! Taon ! Inganan ! Alona ! Skor ! Hasil |- style="background:#F3E6D7" | align="center" | [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020|2020]]<ref>[https://www.liputan6.com/tekno/read/4622171/anthony-ginting-sabet-perunggu-di-olimpiade-tokyo-2020-ucapan-selamat-mengalir-di-twitter ''Anthony Ginting Sabet Perunggu di Olimpiade Tokyo 2020, Ucapan Selamat Mengalir di Twitter''], www.liputan6.com, diakses 7 Agustus 2021</ref> | align="left" | [[Musashino Forest Sports Plaza]]<br> Kota [[Tokio]], [[Japang]] | align="left" |[[Ugasan:Flag of Guatemala.svg|20px]] Guatemala<br>[[Kevin Cordón]] | align="left" | 21–11, 21–13 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |<div class="center"> [[Ugasan:Bronze medal.svg|16px]]<br>'''Perunggu'''</div> |} == Pustaha == [[Horong:Olahraga]] [[Horong:Parbulutangkis]] <references />{{Authority control}} izoxax8vnizu5fvt47h959yw7teydy2 0 249 18219 13800 2026-08-22T13:48:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18219 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Emirat Silom Apganistan'''<br />'''''د افغانستان اسلامي امارت'''''</big></big> | colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (2021- present).svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera<ref>[https://www.samaa.tv/news/2021/08/taliban-declares-formation-of-islamic-emirates-of-afghanistan-new-flag/ "Taliban declares formation of Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan, new flag"]. SamaaTV</ref> | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan :<br />[[دا د باتورانو کور]]<br />(Hata Batak Toba : On ma Jabu ni Pambarani) |- | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" |[[Ugasan:Afghanistan_(orthographic_projection).svg|300x300px]] |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Apganistan di Portibi |} '''Apganistan''' manang goar ojakna '''Emirat Silom Apghanistan''' ([[Hata Pasthun]]: '''افغانستان''') i ma nagara na tarampe di Asia Dangsina, Apganistan marbalok dohot [[Iran]] di Pastima, [[Pakistan]] di Dangsina, [[Sina]] di Purba, dohot [[Tajikistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], dohot [[Usbekistan]] di Utara. Bidang luatna 652.000 km² mambahenon Apganistan nagara sabalga pa-41 on. Mangarihon populasi Apghanistan lambung 31,4 Juta di taon 2020 na pagodanghu sian etnik [[Pashtun]] == Sarita == Manisia nunga mangingani Apganistan mula [[Tingki Batu Matua|Tingki Batu Matua Tonga]], Apganistan nunga gabe inganan tading di godang jolmajolma dohot nunga gabe Sipareakan sian kampane soridadu, sumurung [[Aleksander na Bolon]], [[Mauri]], [[arab apganistan|Arab]], [[hahaisaron mongolia|Hahaisaron Mongolia]], [[hahaisaron rusia|Hahaisaron Rusia]], [[parsadaan sopiet|Parsadaan Sopiet]], dohot [[Amerika Serikat]]. == Pustaha == <references /> {{Asia-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Nagara di Asia]] 3vamfwkgg8ynb8uq5adiujm2xwlle6o 0 250 18220 17132 2026-08-22T13:48:17Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Aprika|ᯀᯇ᯲ᯒᯪᯂ}} [[Ugasan:Africa (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Peta ni banua Afrika]] '''Aprika''' ([[Hata Inggeris|Inggris]]: ''Africa'') i ma banua paduahon na umbalga dohot na gumodang jolmana di [[portibi]], dung i banua [[Asia]]. Adong do 30,3 juta km² (11,7 juta mil persegi) bidang ni banua Aprika, tarmasuk pe pulo-pulo nahumaliangna. == Luat == Di toru on ma angka bangso na masuk tu ruas ni benua Aprika: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; border:1px solid #aaa;" |- style="background:#ececec;" ! class="unsortable" style="width:20px" | Partanda ! class="unsortable" style="width:20px" | Mandera ! Goarna ! data-sort-type="number" | Bidang ni luat<br>(km²) ! data-sort-type="number" | Bilangan ni <br> jolma<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/ipc/idbrank.pl |title=IDB: Countries Ranked by Population |date=21 Agustus 2024}}</ref> ! Taon ! data-sort-type="number" | Hapadaton<br>(per km²) ! Huta sabungan ! Hata ! [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-3|ISO 3166-1]] |- style="background:#eee;" |colspan="10" style="text-align:center;"|'''Aprika Utara''' |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Emblem of Algeria.svg|20px]] | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Flag of Algeria.svg|20px]] | [[Aljazair]] |style="text-align:right;"|2,381,740 |style="text-align:right;"|46,731,000 |style="text-align:right;"|2022 |style="text-align:right;"|17.7 |[[Aljir]] | الجزائر (al-Jazāʾir)/Algérie | DZA |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Canary_Islands.svg|20px]] | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Flag of the Canary Islands.svg|20px]] |[[Pulo Canary]] (Spanyol) |style="text-align:right;"|7,492 |style="text-align:right;"|2,154,905 |style="text-align:right;"|2017 |style="text-align:right;"|226 |[[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria]],<br>[[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] | Canarias | IC |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Emblem of Italy.svg|20px]] | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Flag of Italy.svg|20px]] | style="text-align:left" | [[Pulo Pelagie]] (Italia) |style="text-align:right;"| 25.5 |style="text-align:right;"| 6,556 |style="text-align:right;"| 2019 |style="text-align:right;"| 247 | style="text-align:left" | [[Lampedusa]] | Pelagie/Isole Pelagie/Ìsuli Pilaggî | ITA |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Coat of Arms of Ceuta.svg|20px]] | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Flag Ceuta.svg|20px]] |[[Ceuta]] (Spanol) |style="text-align:right;"|20 |style="text-align:right;"|85,107 |style="text-align:right;"|2017 |style="text-align:right;"|3,575 |— | Ceuta/Sebta/سَبْتَة (Sabtah) | EA |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg|20px]] | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Flag of Egypt.svg|20px]] |[[Misir]] |style="text-align:right;"|1,001,450 |style="text-align:right;"|82,868,000 |style="text-align:right;"|2012 |style="text-align:right;"|83 |[[Kairo]] | مِصر (Miṣr) | EGY |- | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg|20px]] | style="text-align:center" | [[Ugasan:Flag of Libya.svg|20px]] |[[Libia]] |style="text-align:right;"|1,759,540 |style="text-align:right;"|6,310,434 |style="text-align:right;"|2009 |style="text-align:right;"|4 |[[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] | ليبيا (Lībiyā) | LBY |} == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}} {{Aprika-stub}} [[Horong:Geograpi]] [[Horong:Banua]] {{commons|Category:Africa}}{{Authority control}} cb1p6obj2l415reozrsshxdhjsh78n7 0 251 18451 15740 2026-08-22T16:47:36Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Apriyani-Rahayu-Juara-Indonesia-Masters-130120.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Apriyani Rahayu tingki di kejuaraan Indonesia Masters 2020]] '''Apriyani Rahayu''' (tubu di Lawulo, [[Kabupaten Konawe]], Sulawesi Anggoni, 29 April 1998) ima sada atlet [[bulu tangkis]] ganda puteri [[Indonesia]], idia museng hea masuk di tim ganda sampuran tingki bajar. Di bagasan karejona gabe parbulutangkis, nunga adong marpiga halak gabe donganna marpasangan, tarmasuk ma i [[Rosyita Eka Putri Sari]], [[Fachriza Abimanyu]], [[Rinov Rivaldy]], [[Jauza Fadhila Sugiarto]], [[Agripinna Prima Rahmanto Putra]], [[Panji Akbar Sudrajat]] dung saonari gabe marpasangan dohot [[Greysia Polii|Greysia Polli]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171112185254/http://kendaripos.co.id/2017/05/20/ini-kisah-apriani-rahayu-pebulutangkis-konawe-yang-masuk-tim-sudirman-cup/ ''Ini Kisah Apriani Rahayu, Pebulutangkis Konawe yang Masuk Tim Sudirman Cup – Kendari Pos Online''], www.kendaripos.co.id, diakses 7 Agustus 2021</ref> == Prestasi == === Olimpiade === ''Ganda putri'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Taon !Inganan !Pasangan !Alona !Skor !Hasil |- style="background:#F3E6D7" | align="center" |[[Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020|2020]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210807123719/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/badminton/athlete-profile-n1364408-rahayu-apriyani.htm ''Athlete Profile, Apriyani Rahayu''], www.olympics.com, diakses 7 Agustus 2021</ref> | align="left" |[[Musashino Forest Sports Plaza]]<br>Kota [[Tokio]], [[Japang]] | align="left" |[[Ugasan:Flag of Indonesia.svg|20px]] Indonesia<br> [[Greysia Polii]] | align="left" |[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] Tiongkok<br> [[Chen Qingchen]] [[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] Tiongkok <br>[[Jia Yifan]] | align="left" |21–19, 21–15 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |<div class="center"> [[Ugasan:Gold_medal.svg|16x16px]]<br>'''Sere'''</div> |} == Pustaha == [[Horong:Olahraga]] [[Horong:Parbulutangkis]] {{commons|Category:Apriyani Rahayu}} <references />{{Authority control}} 770o8e4jailovmgwfneuxfml9d4djqu 0 252 18221 14516 2026-08-22T13:48:18Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Argentina|ᯀᯒ᯲ᯎᯩᯉ᯲ᯖᯪᯉ}} {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Argentina'''<br>''República Argentina'' ([[Hata Spanyol]])</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Argentina.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Argentina.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''Logu habangsoon''' :<br>''[[Himno Nacional Argentino]]''<br>("Logu Nasional Argentina") |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Himno Nacional Argentino instrumental.ogg]] |} |- |align="center" colspan=2|[[Ugasan:ARG orthographic (+all claims).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Luat Argentina na digomgomi (ijo matua) Luat na diauhon bondana, hape dang digomgomi (ijo muda) |} '''Argentina''', goar resmina '''Republik Argentina''' ([[Hata Spanyol]] : ''República Argentina''), i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Dangsina]]. Marbatasan dohot [[Chile]] di bagian hasundutan, [[Bolivia]] dohot [[Paraguay]] di bagian utara, [[Brazil]] di bagian irisanna, [[Uruguay]] dohot bagian dangsina ni [[Samudora Atlantik]] di bagian habinsaran, jala [[Laut Gonting Drake]] di bagian dangsina.<br> [[Buenos Aires]] do huta sabungan jala kota na umbalga ni Argentina. == Goar dohot Etimologi == == Geograpi == == Politik == == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Dangsina-stub}} [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Dangsina]] {{commons|Category:Argentina}}{{Authority control}} k6ghv3uiq6omyfcmjojl3yezqqfmuh1 0 253 18298 17549 2026-08-22T14:09:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ari Haluaon Republik Indonesia''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Hari Kemerdekaan Bangsa Indonesia'') ima [[ari libur nasional di Indonesia]] marningot tu [[Proklamasi Haluaon Indonesia]] tanggal 17 Agustus 1945.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publicholidays.co.id/independence-day/|title=Independence Day 2019 and 2020|website=PublicHolidays|language=en|access-date=17 Agustus 2023|archive-date=2023-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230707120415/https://publicholidays.co.id/independence-day/|dead-url=no}}</ref> On ma gabe deklarasi independensi bangso [[Indonesia]]. Diganup ari 17 Agustus, sudena halak Indonesia marayahon ari hatutubu bangso Indonesia marpadan adong upacara bandera, jala somalna adong marragam lomba, songon tarik tambang, mangan karupuk, balap harung, dohot na asingna. Ditanggal 16 nai, presiden Indonesia mambahen sada boa-boa kenegaraan di [[Gedung MPR]], naeng paboahon molo adong ari haluaon marsogotna, ima tanggal 17 Agustus. Dipatupa do on tiap taon. == Ingkon mangibarhon mandera == Dibagasan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 taon 2009 tontang mandera, bahasa, dohot Lambang Nagara, dohot logu [[Indonesia Raya|Habangsaon]] [[Indonesia Raya|Indonesia]] pasal 7 ayat 3 mangatur tontang ingkon mangibarhon [[Mandera Indonesia|mandera rara bontar]] saganop [[Warga Negara Indonesia|warga negara]] di Indonesia muse luar negari, ganop tanggal 17 Agustus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt53ef22924868d/merah-putih-wajib-dikibarkan-di-setiap-rumah-pada-hari-kemerdekaan |title=Merah Putih Wajib Dikibarkan di Setiap Rumah pada Hari Kemerdekaan |access-date=17 Agustus 2023|archive-date=2021-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025212242/https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/baca/lt53ef22924868d/merah-putih-wajib-dikibarkan-di-setiap-rumah-pada-hari-kemerdekaan |dead-url=no }}</ref> Saonari, pamarinta manosoi tu sude masyarakat anso mangibarhon [[Mandera Indonesia|mandera rara bontar]] sabulan lelengna sian tanggal 1 sahat tu 31 Agustus, anso marningoti ari haluanon Republik Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Razak|first=Abdul|date=5 Agustus 2018|title=Masyarakat diimbau pasang bendera sebulan penuh|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/733501/masyarakat-diimbau-pasang-bendera-sebulan-penuh|work=[[Lembaga Kantor Berita Nasional Antara|ANTARA News]]|access-date=17 Agustus 2023|editor-last=Burhani|editor-first=Ruslan|archive-date=2021-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813083554/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/733501/masyarakat-diimbau-pasang-bendera-sebulan-penuh|dead-url=no}}</ref> == Tema == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Taon !! Logo !! HUT pa- !! Tema |- | 2005 | [[Ugasan:Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia Ke-60.webp|120px]] | 60 | ''Dengan Semangat Proklamasi 1945, Kita Perkokoh Persatuan Dan Kebersamaan Menuju Indonesia yang Aman, Adil, Demokratis, dan Sejahtera'' |- | 2006 | [[Ugasan:Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia Ke-61.webp|120px]] | 61 | ''Dengan Semangat Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Kita Tingkatkan Rasa Kebangsaan dan Kebersamaan untuk Membangun Indonesia yang Bersatu, Aman, Adil, Demokratis, dan Sejahtera'' |- | 2007 | [[Ugasan:Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia Ke-62.webp|120px]] | 62 | ''Dengan Semangat Persatuan dan Etos Kerja, Kita Percepat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan untuk Mewujudkan Keadilan dan Kesejahteraan Bagi Rakyat Indonesia'' |- | 2008 | [[Ugasan:63th Independence Day of Republic of Indonesia.png|120px]] | 63 | ''Dengan Semangat Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Kita Lanjutkan Pembangunan Ekonomi Menuju Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Rakyat, serta Kita Perkuat Ketahanan Nasional Menghadapi Tantangan Global'' |- | 2009 | [[Ugasan:Logo Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia Ke-64.png|120px]] | 64 | ''Dengan Semangat Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Kita Tingkatkan Kedewasaan Kehidupan Berpolitik dan Berdemokrasi serta Percepatan Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional Menuju Indonesia yang Bersatu, Aman, Adil, Demokratis, dan Sejahtera'' |- | 2010 | [[Ugasan:Logo Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia Ke-65.jpg|120px]] | 65 | ''Dengan Semangat Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Kita Sukseskan Reformasi Gelombang Kedua, untuk Terwujudnya Kehidupan Berbangsa yang Makin Sejahtera, Makin Demokratis, dan Makin Berkeadilan'' |- | 2011 | [[Ugasan:Logo Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia Ke-66.webp|120px]] | 66 | ''Dengan Semangat Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Kita Tingkatkan Kesadaran Hidup dalam ke-Bhinneka-an untuk Kokohkan Persatuan NKRI, Kita Sukseskan Kepemimpinan Indonesia dalam Forum ASEAN untuk Kokohkan Solidaritas ASEAN'' |- | 2012 | [[File:Logo Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia Ke-67.jpg|120px]] | 67 | ''Dengan Semangat Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Kita Bekerja Keras untuk Kemajuan Bersama, Kita Tingkatkan Pemerataan Hasil-hasil Pembangunan untuk Keadilan Sosial Bagi Seluruh Rakyat Indonesia'' |- | 2013 | [[Ugasan:Logo Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia Ke-68.jpg|120px]] | 68 | ''Mari Kita Jaga Stabilitas Politik dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kita Guna Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Rakyat'' |- | 2014 | [[Ugasan:Logo Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia Ke-69.jpg|120px]] | 69 | ''Dengan Semangat Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945, Kita Dukung Suksesi Kepemimpinan Nasional Hasil Pemilu 2014 Demi Kelanjutan Pembangunan Menuju Indonesia yang Makin Maju dan Sejahtera'' |- | 2015 | [[Ugasan:70 RI 2015.svg|120px]] | 70 | ''Ayo Kerja<ref name="Logo HUT RI 2015-2018">{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/07/23/18221921/infografik-logo-peringatan-hut-ri-di-era-pemerintahan-jokowi|title=Infografik: Logo Peringatan HUT RI di Era Pemerintahan Jokowi|author1=Retia Kartika Dewi|author2=Akbar Bhayu Tamtomo|work=[[Kompas.com]]|language=id|date=23 Juli 2018|access-date=17 Agustus 2023|editor=Ervan Hardoko|archive-date=2023-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213123744/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2018/07/23/18221921/infografik-logo-peringatan-hut-ri-di-era-pemerintahan-jokowi|dead-url=no}}</ref>'' |- | 2016 |[[Ugasan:Logo Dirgahayu 71 RI.jpg|120px]] | 71 | ''Kerja Nyata<ref name="Logo HUT RI 2015-2018" />'' |- | 2017 |[[Ugasan:72 RI 2017.png|120px]] | 72 | ''Kerja Bersama<ref name="Logo HUT RI 2015-2018" />'' |- | 2018 |[[Ugasan:73 RI 2018.png|120px]] | 73 | ''Kerja Kita, Prestasi Bangsa<ref name="Logo HUT RI 2015-2018" />'' |- | 2019 |[[Ugasan:Logo-resmi-HUT-RI-ke-74.png|120px]] | 74 | ''Menuju Indonesia Unggul (awal)<br>SDM Unggul, Indonesia Maju (final)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/974012/tema-hut-ke-74-ri-terinspirasi-visi-presiden|title=Tema HUT Ke-74 RI terinspirasi visi Presiden|author=Katriana|publisher=[[Lembaga Kantor Berita Nasional Antara]]|language=id|date=24 Juli 2019|access-date=17 Agustus 2023|work=AntaraNews.com|last=Katriana|editor=M. Hari Atmoko|archive-date=2023-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213122139/https://www.antaranews.com/berita/974012/tema-hut-ke-74-ri-terinspirasi-visi-presiden|dead-url=no}}</ref>'' |- | 2020 |[[Ugasan:Logo HUT ke-75 Kemerdekaan RI.png|120px]] | 75 | ''Indonesia Maju<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/01/21/122641965/bertema-indonesia-maju-logo-peringatan-hut-ke-75-kemerdekaan-ri-resmi|title=Bertema Indonesia Maju, Logo Peringatan HUT Ke-75 Kemerdekaan RI Resmi Diluncurkan|author=Nur Fitriatus Shalihah|editor=Sari Hardiyanto|work=[[Kompas.com]]|language=id|date=21 Januari 2020|access-date=17 Agustus 2023|archive-date=2023-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213122027/https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/01/21/122641965/bertema-indonesia-maju-logo-peringatan-hut-ke-75-kemerdekaan-ri-resmi|dead-url=no}}</ref>'' |- | 2021 |[[Ugasan:76 RI 2021.png|120px]] | 76 | ''Indonesia Tangguh, Indonesia Tumbuh<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/06/17/19003971/pemerintah-umumkan-logo-dan-tema-hut-ke-76-ri|title=Pemerintah Umumkan Logo dan Tema HUT Ke-76 RI|author=Fitria Chusna Farisa|editor=Diamanty Meiliana|work=Kompas.com|language=id|date=17 Juni 2021|access-date=17 Agustus 2023|first=Fitria Chusna|last=Farisa|archive-date=2023-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213123744/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/06/17/19003971/pemerintah-umumkan-logo-dan-tema-hut-ke-76-ri|dead-url=no}}</ref>'' |- |2022 |[[Ugasan:77 RI 2022.png|120px]] |77 |''Pulih Lebih Cepat, Bangkit Lebih Kuat<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 Juli 2022|title=HUT Ke-77 RI, Pemerintah Angkat Tema "Pulih Lebih Cepat, Bangkit Lebih Kuat"|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/07/11/11534551/hut-ke-77-ri-pemerintah-angkat-tema-pulih-lebih-cepat-bangkit-lebih-kuat|work=Kompas.com|language=id|access-date=17 Agustus 2023|editor=Diamanty Meiliana|author=Ardito Ramadhan|archive-date=2023-06-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609110201/https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/07/11/11534551/hut-ke-77-ri-pemerintah-angkat-tema-pulih-lebih-cepat-bangkit-lebih-kuat|dead-url=no}}</ref>'' |- |2023 |[[Ugasan:78 RI 2023.svg|120px]] |78 |''Terus Melaju untuk Indonesia Maju<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jelang HUT Kemerdekaan, Pemerintah Sosialisasikan Logo HUT Ke-78 Kemerdekaan RI |url=https://setneg.go.id/baca/index/jelang_hut_kemerdekaan_pemerintah_sosialisasikan_logo_hut_ke_78_kemerdekaan_ri |access-date=17 Agustus 2023 |publisher=Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia |date=12 Juni 2023 |archive-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618160618/https://setneg.go.id/baca/index/jelang_hut_kemerdekaan_pemerintah_sosialisasikan_logo_hut_ke_78_kemerdekaan_ri |dead-url=no }}</ref>'' |- |2024 |[[Ugasan:79 RI 2024.svg|120px]] |79 |''Nusantara Baru, Indonesia Maju<ref>{{cite news |title=Pemerintah Indonesia Luncurkan Logo dan Tema HUT RI ke-79 |url=https://www.setneg.go.id/baca/index/pemerintah_indonesia_luncurkan_logo_dan_tema_hut_ri_ke_79 |access-date=27 Juni 2024 |publisher=Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia |date=24 Juni 2024 |archive-date=27 Juni 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627023934/https://www.setneg.go.id/baca/index/pemerintah_indonesia_luncurkan_logo_dan_tema_hut_ri_ke_79 |dead-url=no }}</ref>'' |- |2025 |[[Ugasan:80 RI 2025 (vertical).svg|120px]] |80 |''Bersatu Berdaulat, Rakyat Sejahtera, Indonesia Maju<ref>{{cite news |title=Siaran Pers: Presiden Prabowo Luncurkan Tema dan Logo HUT ke-80 Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia |url=https://www.setneg.go.id/baca/index/siaran_pers_presiden_prabowo_luncurkan_tema_dan_logo_hut_ke_80_kemerdekaan_republik_indonesia |access-date=23 Juli 2025 |publisher=Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia |date=23 Juli 2025|dead-url=no }}</ref>'' |- |2026 |[[Ugasan:81 RI 2026 (vertical).svg|120px]] |81 |''Indonesia Berdaulat, Adil, dan Makmur<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rusli|first=Iswandy|date=2 Juli 2026|title=Link Download Logo HUT RI 2026 Lengkap Format PNG-JPG, Klik di Sini!|url=https://www.detik.com/sulsel/berita/d-8556124/link-download-logo-hut-ri-2026-lengkap-format-png-jpg-klik-di-sini|website=detiksulsel|language=id-ID|access-date=1 Agustus 2026}}</ref>'' |} == Pustaha == [[Horong:Indonesia]] <references />{{Authority control}} 92jeawkcaf40covt7ra3o7asl3ugqsy 0 254 18108 13579 2026-08-22T12:50:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Goar Batak|[[Halak Batak Angkola|Angkola]]|[[Sitorus|Pane]]}} [[Ugasan:Armijn Pane, around 1953.jpg|300px|thumb|Gambar ni Armijn Pane, hira taon 1953]] '''Armijn Pane''' (tubu di [[Muara Sipongi]], [[Mandailing Natal]], [[Sumatera Utara]], 18 Agustus 1908 – maradian di [[Jakarta]], 16 Februari 1970, di umurna na pa- 61 taon uju i) <ref>(Indonesia) Eneste, Pamusuk (2001). Buku pintar sastra Indonesia : biografi pengarang dan karyanya, majalah sastra, penerbit sastra, penerjemah, lembaga sastra, daftar hadiah dan penghargaan. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas. ISBN 9799251788. halaman 34-35</ref>, ima sada [[Sastrawan Indonesia|Sastrawan Indonesia i]]. Uju di taon 1933, pajongjonghon majalah [[Pujangga Baru]] ma nasida raphon [[Wp/bcc/Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana|Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana]] dohot [[Amir Hamzah]]. Gabe boi do dipapungu nasida angka panurat suang songon ni angka jolma na asing sian saluhut [[Hindia Bolanda]] laho mamungka hatopan ni angka sastrawan [[na imbaru]].<ref> '''(Indonesia)''' Jassin, H.B. Pudjangga Baru. Gunung Agung, 1963, Djakarta. Halaman 6.</ref>. Jala, songon sada turi-turian na sinurat ni Armijn Pane on ima [[Belenggu]] na sar barita na tu saluhut Indonesia nang di piga-piga negara na asing. <ref> Balfas, Muhammad (1976). "Modern Indonesian Literature in Brief". Dalam L. F., Brakel. ''Handbuch der Orientalistik'' (dalam bahasa Inggris). '''1'''. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-04331-2</ref> == Jujur Ngolu == Dung simpul parsingkolaanna sian ELS di Bukittinggi, laho do muse si Armijn Pane marguru tu [[Wp/bcc/STOVIA|STOVIA]], Jakarta (1923) dohot [[Wp/bcc/Nederlands-Indische_Artsenschool|NIAS]], Surabaya (1927) (STOVIA dan NIAS ima singkola dokter uju digomgomi Hindia Bolanda), dung i munsat di muse ibana tu AMS-A di Solo (simpul ma di taon 1931).<ref>[Rampan, Korrie (2000). ''Leksikon susastra Indonesia''], Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, ISBN 9796663589, alaman 67, 21 April 2021</ref> Uju di AMS A-1 (Algemene Middelbare School), diparsiajari ibana do nasa parsuraton, simpul do parsingkolaanna sian jurusan sastra Barat. == Angka Pustahana== === Umpama === === Torsa === === Turi-Turian === === Angka Naasing === == Pustaha == <references/> {{Templat:Jujur ni ngolu-stub}}{{Authority control}}{{commons|Category:Armijn Pane}} [[Horong:Politikus]] [[Horong:Pangintuai Indonesia]] 6j70861vm9fn2ykks8q1jinlwprc8ku 0 258 18347 17468 2026-08-22T15:53:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Asia|ᯀᯘᯪᯀ}} [[Ugasan:Asia (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Peta ni banua Asia]] '''Asia''' ([[Surat Batak]]: ᯀᯘᯪᯀ) i ma banua na umbalga jala na marragam di portibi.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Asia "Encyclopaedia Britannica", Asia]</ref> Bidang ni banua Asia, 44,579,000 km² (17,212,000 mil persegi). Adong 4,560,667,108 (di taon 2018) do jolma na tading di banua Asia. Banua Asia i ma inganan hatutubu ni ugamo-ugamo na adong di portibi on, songon [[Kristen]], [[Silom]], [[Jahudi]], [[Buddha]], [[Hindu]] jala [[ugamo]] na asingna. Benua Asia marupahon benua na umbalga dohot na umgodang pangisina di sandok portibi on, na maringanan di bagian bumi utara dohot timur, marbatas langsung dohot Samudra Arktik di utara, Samudra Pasifik di timur, Samudra Hindia di selatan, serta Benua Eropa dohot Afrika di bagian barat. Hata Asia sandiri diparsiajari marbingkas sian hata Fenisia ima ''Asu'', na marlapatan binsar manang timur, na patuduhon inganan ni benua on di sebelah timur ni laut Mediterania. Bidang ni wilayah Benua Asia mamungka sekitar 44,578,000 kilometer persegi, na marupahon sekitar 30 persen sian sandok daratan di portibi on, dohot marisi lobi sian 4,7 miliar jolma, manang sekitar 60 persen sian populasi manisia di sandok dunia. Secara geografis, Benua Asia dibagi gabe piga-piga kawasan utama, ima Asia Barat (na jotjot digoari Timur Tengah), Asia Tengah, Asia Selatan, Asia Timur, Asia Tenggara, dohot Asia Utara na mencakup wilayah Siberia di Rusia. Masing-masing kawasan on mampuna karakteristik iklim, bentang alam, kebudayaan, bahasa, agama, dohot dinamika ekonomi na sangat berbeda-beda, na mambahen Benua Asia gabe kawasan na paling kaya di ragam kebudayaan dohot sejarah di sandok portibi on.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361099217_Dari_Studi_Kawasan_ke_Regionalisme_Asia_Tenggara_dalam_Studi_Hubungan_Internasional (PDF) Dari Studi Kawasan ke Regionalisme Asia Tenggara dalam Studi Hubungan Internasional]</ref> Di bagasan sejarah peradaban manisia, Benua Asia marupahon inganan tubu ni peradaban-peradaban na paling tua di dunia, tudos tu Peradaban Lembah Sungai Eufrat dohot Tigris di Mesopotamia (Irak saonari), Peradaban Lembah Sungai Nil na marbatas dohot Asia Barat, Peradaban Lembah Sungai Indus di India dohot Pakistan, serta Peradaban Lembah Sungai Kuning (Huang Ho) di Tiongkok. Sian angka peradaban na robi on, manisia parjolo sahali mamungka sistem pertanian, ilmu astronomi, matematika, arsitektur, hukum, dohot sistem penulisan na gabe ojahan ni ilmu pengetahuan modern. Selain i, Benua Asia ima inganan haroroan ni agama-agama balga di portibi on, ima Agama Hindu, Buddha, Jainisme, dohot Sikhisme na tubu di Asia Selatan; Agama Islam, Kristen, dohot Yahudi na tubu di Asia Barat; serta Ajaran Konfusianisme, Taoisme, dohot Shinto na berkembang di Asia Timur. Penebaran ni angka agama dohot kebudayaan on mardalan marhite jalur perdagangan kuno na sangat terkenal, ima Jalur Sutra (''Silk Road''), na mambait hubungan perdagangan dohot pertukaran kebudayaan sian Tiongkok, India, Persia, sahat tu Eropa dohot Afrika Utara marribu-ribu taon lelengna.<ref>[https://jurnal.asian.or.id/index.php/JIANA Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Negara AsIAN (Asosiasi Ilmuwan Administrasi Negara)]</ref> == Batas ni banua Asia == === Asia dohot Aprika === Batas ni banua Asia dohot [[Afrika|banua Aprika]] i ma [[Laut Teberau]], [[Londut Suez]] dohot [[Talian Aek Suez]]. I do na mambahen [[Misir]] gabe sada [[nagara transkontinental]] na tardiri sian [[Tanjung Sinai]] di bagian banua Asia dohot saluhut luat ni Misir na adong di banua Aprika. === Asia dohot Eropa === Batas ni banua Asia dohot [[Eropa|banua Eropa]] i ma [[Pardolokan Ural]], [[Pardolokan Kaukasus]] dohot laut gonting na maringanan di [[Turki]] i ma [[Laut Gonting Bosporus]] dohot [[Laut Gonting Darnadella]]. Adong do pe tolu laut na gabe batas ni banua Asia dohot banua Eropa i ma [[Laut Birong]], [[Laut Marmara]] dohot [[Laut Aegea]]. === Asia dohot Oseania === Batas ni banua Asia dohot [[Oseania]] i ma di sada inganan na adong di [[hapuloan Malaya]]. Ia do [[hapuloan Maluku]] tinandahon gabe garis batas ni Asia dohot Oseania. == Etimologi == [[Ugasan:Gulf5..JPG|thumb|Peta ni banua Asia binahen [[Ptolemaus]]]] Hata "Asia" tarsundut sian [[peradaban Junani]], i ma sian hata Ἀσία ('Asía). Di [[turiturian ni Junani]], Asia i do boru ni [[Oceanus]] dohot [[Tethys]]. [[Hata Inggeris]] ni "Asia" i ma tarsundut sian literatur Latin, ia do "Asia" jinadihon sada luat di bagasan [[Harajaon Romawi]]. Luat nian maringanan di bagian pastima ni Anatolia (na saonari gabe luat ni [[Turki]]) Adong pe sada siguriton sian Romawi na mamparhaseanghon Asia gabe goar ni saluhut banua i ma [[Plinius]]. == Pustaha == <references/> {{commons|Category:Asia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Geograpi]] [[Horong:Banua]] rkkzwj6f7vuex3d72t16ufkaaqgrpzo 0 259 18499 17569 2026-08-22T17:14:27Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18499 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Southeast Asia (orthographic projection).svg|300px|right|thumb|Peta ni Asia Anggoni]] '''Asia Anggoni''' ([[Hata Indonesia]]: ''Asia Tenggara''; [[Hata Inggeris]]: ''Southeast Asia'') i ma sada kawasan na adong di [[Asia|banua Asia]] bagian anggoni. Kawasan on masuk ma [[Indochina]] dohot [[Semenanjung Malaya]]. Asia Anggoni marbatasan tu [[Republlik Halak Sina|Republik Halak Sina]] di bariba utara, dung i tu [[Samudora Pasipik]] di bariba purba, [[Samudora Hindia]] di bariba dangsina, dohot Samudora Hindia, [[Teluk Benggala]], di bariba pastima. Asia Anggoni somalna dipillit gabe dua kelompok: ima sada didok Asia Anggoni Daratan ([[Hata Indonesia]]: ''Asia Tenggara Daratan'' (ATD)) dohot Asia Anggoni Maritim ([[Hata Indonesia]]: ''Asia Tenggara Maritim'' (ATM)). * Negara-negara na masuk tu '''ATD''', ima: *# [[Kamboja]] *# [[Laos]] *# [[Mianmar]] *# [[Thailand]] *# [[Pietnam]] * Negara-negara na masuk tu '''ATM''' ima: *# [[Brunei|Brunei Darussalam]] *# [[Pilipina]] *# [[Indonesia]] *# [[Malaysia]] *# [[Singapura]] *# [[Timor Leste]] Bope adong bagian ni wilayah Malaysia na tarsambung tu benua utama Asia, Malaysia totop dikategorihon negara ATM alani alasan budaya. Sude negara na adong di Asia Anggoni masuk ma muse tu organisasi [[ASEAN]]. [[Timor Leste]] na parjolo bagian ni negara [[Indonesia]] nga mambahen usulon asa boi dipamasuk gabe anggota ni ASEAN. Alai, alani adong hapontingan politik ni marpiga oknum, negara on dipamasuk tu kawasan [[Oseania]].<ref name="timor">[http://www.detiknews.com/read/2011/03/04/141143/1584604/10/timor-leste-resmi-ajukan-diri-jadi-anggota-asean Timor Leste Resmi Ajukan Diri Jadi Anggota ASEAN],([[Hata Indonesia]]), detikNews, diakses tanggal 17 Maret 2020.</ref> == Pranala ruar == {{commons|Category:Southeast Asia}} == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] cd5979w6cjcpnbhuxauv0clmmnknkyq 0 260 18498 12509 2026-08-22T17:14:10Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:TOKYO TOWER (15818510363).jpg|thumb|Panatapan di [[Tokyo]], [[Japang]]. Sada nagara na tarampe di Asia Purba]] [[Ugasan:Badaling China Great-Wall-of-China-01.jpg|thumb|Tembok na Balga di [[Beijing]], [[Sina]].]] Asia Purba adong ma sub-banua sian [[Asia]], bidang luatna 11.840.000 km² manang 15% sian banua Asia. Lobi sian 1,5 milyar halak tading di sub-banua on, manang 40% halak Asia tading di Asia Purba, Luat on padohot luat timbil tongor di Portibi. == Daptar nagara == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Nagara na Tarampe di Asia Purba !Nagara !Bidangna (km²) !Populasi !Hatongorhon Populasi/km² !IPM !Huta Sabungan |- |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg|25px]] [[Sina|Republik ni Halak Sina]] |9.596.961 |1.339.724.852 |138 |0,687 |Beijing |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|25px]] [[Hong Kong|Hong Kong (Sina)]] |1.104 |7.061.200 |6.390 |0,898 |Hong Kong |- |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Macau.svg|25px]] [[Makau|Makau (Sina)]] |30 |556.800 |18.662 |Ndang adong inpormasi |Makau |- |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Taiwan.svg|25px]] [[Taiwan|Republik Sina (Taiwan)]] |36.188 |23.174.528 |639 |0,882 |Taipei |- |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Japan.svg|25px]] [[Japang]] |377.930 |127.950.000 |337 |0,901 |Tokyo |- |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg|25px]] [[Korea Dangsina]] |99.828 |48.988.833 |500 |0,897 |Seoul |- |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg|25px]] [[Korea Utara]] |120.538 |24.346.000 |198 |Ndang adong inpormasi |Pyongyang |- |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Mongolia.svg|25px]] [[Mongolia]] |1.564.100 |2.809.600 |2 |0,653 |Ulaanbatar |} == Pustaha == <references /> {{commons|Category:East Asia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Asia]] jz4s7apiutj18hmr032ko2tuk31aoza 0 261 18223 13648 2026-08-22T13:48:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:North Asia (orthographic projection).svg|200px|thumb|right|Peta ni Asia Utara]] '''Asia Utara''' ([[Hata Inggeris]]: ''North Asia'' manang ''Northern Asia''; [[Hata Rusia]]: Северная Азия, [[Surat Latin]]: ''Severnaya Aziya''), sipata marujuk do pe tu [[Siberia|'''Siberia''']], i ma sada luat di utara ni [[Asia|banua Asia]]. Dijou '''Rusia Asia''' do pe luat Asia Utara nian. Sude luat ni Asia Utara digomgomi [[Rusia]].<br> Marbatasan dohot [[Samudora Artik]] di bagian utara; [[Eropa Habinsaran]] di bagian pastima; [[Asia Tonga]] dohot [[Asia Habinsaran]] di bagian dangsina; jala [[Samudora Pasifik]] dohot [[Amerika Utara]] di bagian purba. Bidang ni Asia utara i ma 13.100.000 kilometer persegi (5.100.000 mil persegi) manang 8,8% bidang ni tano sian [[sogit]]. ==Luat administratip ni Asia Utara== On ma angka luat administratip na maringanan di Asia Utara. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Subjek Federal !! Huta sabungan !! Bidang ni luat<br> (km²) !! Bilangan ni jolma<br> (2010) |- ! colspan="4" align="center"|[[Distrik Federal Ural]] |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Kurgan Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Kurgan]] || [[Kurgan]] || align="right"|71.000 || align="right"|910.807 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Sverdlovsk Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Sverdlovsk]] || [[Yekaterinburg]] || align="right"|194.800 || align="right"|4.297.747 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Tyumen Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Tyumen]] || [[Tyumen]] || align="right"|143.520 || align="right"|3.395.755 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Yugra.svg|50px]] [[Khantia-Mansia|Okrug Otonom Khantia-Mansia]] || [[Khanty-Mansiysk]] || align="right"|534.800 || align="right"|1.532.243 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Chelyabinsk]] || [[Chelyabinsk]] || align="right"|87.900 || align="right"|3.476.217 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.svg|50px]] [[Okrug Otonom Yamalo-Nenets]] || [[Salekhard]] || align="right"|750.300 || align="right"|522.904 |- ! colspan="4" align="center"|[[Distrik Federal Siberia]] |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Altai Republic.svg|50px]] [[Republik Altai]] || [[Gorno-Altaysk]] || align="right"|92.900 || align="right"|206.168 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Altai Krai.svg|50px]] [[Krai Altai]] || [[Barnaul]] || align="right"|168.000 || align="right"|2.419.755 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Irkutsk Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Irkutsk]] || [[Irkutsk]] || align="right"|774.800 || align="right"|2.248.750 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Kemerovo Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Kemerovo]] || [[Kemerovo]] || align="right"|95.700 || align="right"|2.763.135 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Krasnoyarsk Krai.svg|50px]] [[Krai Krasnoyarsk]] || [[Krasnoyarsk]] || align="right"|2.366.800 || align="right"|2.828.187 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Novosibirsk Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Novosibirsk]] || [[Novosibirsk]] || align="right"|177.800 || align="right"|2.665.911 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Omsk Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Omsk]] || [[Omsk]] || align="right"|141.100 || align="right"|1.977.665 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Tomsk Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Tomsk]] || [[Tomsk]] || align="right"|314.400 || align="right"|1.047.394 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Tuva.svg|50px]] [[Republik Tuva]] || [[Kyzyl]] || align="right"|168.600 || align="right"|307.930 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Khakassia.svg|50px]] [[Republik Khakassia]] || [[Abakan]] || align="right"|61.600 || align="right"|532.403 |- ! colspan="4" align="center"|[[Distrik Federal Habinsaran na Dao]] |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Amur Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Amur]] || [[Blagoveshchensk]] || align="right"|361.900 || align="right"|830.103 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Buryatia.svg|50px]] [[Republik Buryatia]] || [[Ulan-Ude]] || align="right"|361.900 || align="right"|830.103 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Otonomi Jahudi]] || [[Birobidzhan]] || align="right"|36.300 || align="right"|176.558 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Zabaykalsky Krai.svg|50px]] [[Krai Zabaykalsky]] || [[Chita]] || align="right"|431.900 || align="right"|1.107.107 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Kamchatka Krai.svg|50px]] [[Krai Kamchatka]] || [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]] || align="right"|464.300 || align="right"|322.079 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Magadan Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Magadan]] || [[Magadan]] || align="right"|462.500 || align="right"|156.996 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Primorsky Krai.svg|50px]] [[Krai Primorsky|Krai P]] || [[Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky]] || align="right"|164.700 || align="right"|1.956.497 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Sakha.svg|50px]] [[Republik Sakha]] || [[Yakutsk]] || align="right"|3.083.500 || align="right"|958.528 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Sakhalin Oblast.svg|50px]] [[Oblast Sakhalin]] || [[Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk]] || align="right"|87.100 || align="right"|497.973 |- | [[Ugasan:Flag of Chukotka.svg|50px]] [[Okrug Otonom Chukotka]] || [[Anadyr]] || align="right"|721.500 || align="right"|50.526 |- ! style="text-align:left;"|'''Asia Utara''' !! style="text-align:left;"|- !! style="text-align:right;"|13.132.900 !! style="text-align:right;"|37.630.081 |- |} ==Gombar== <gallery> Center of Vladivostok and Zolotoy Rog.jpg|Pusok ni [[Vladivostok|Kota Vladivostok]] Ivolga.jpg|[[Ivolginsky Datsan]] - sada [[Wihara]] di [[Buryatia|Republik Buryatia]] Jezioro Bajkał 2.jpg|[[Tao Baikal]] Assumption Cathedral, Omsk.jpg|Gareja Katedral di [[Omsk]] E-burg asv2019-05 img46 view from VysotSky.jpg|[[Yekaterinburg|Kota Yekaterinburg]] Оперный театр4.jpg|[[Novosibirsk|Kota Novosibirsk]] Кировка.jpg|[[Chelyabinsk|Kota Chelyabinsk]] </gallery> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}} [[Horong:Asia]] {{commons|Category:Northern Asia}}{{Authority control}} iguk3mme0jrttxzr03j3wi4r08f6kj3 0 263 18224 16233 2026-08-22T13:48:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Aten|ᯀᯖᯉᯩ᯲}} [[Ugasan:The Acropolis of Athens viewed from the Hill of the Muses (14220794964).jpg|thumb|upright|200px|Panatapan ni [[Akropolis]]]] [[Ugasan:Athena Varvakeion - MANA - Fidias.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Atena (debata)|Atena]], debata ni halak Aten]] '''Aten''' ([[Hata Junani]]: Αθήνα, ''Athīna'') i ma huta sabungan jala kota na umbalga ni nagara [[Junani]]. Goar ni Aten i ma ro sian "Ἀθήνη" manang ''Athḗnē'', debata ni halak Junani di luat [[Attika]]. [[Horong:Eropa]] [[Horong:Huta sabungan ni nagara]] {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} 9ef7nsevjwb77q5yuibdgmg3ei6vv2m 0 264 18487 13546 2026-08-22T17:08:07Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox anthem | title = Auferstanden aus Ruinen | english_title = 'Hehe sian halongonan' | image = State arms of the German Democratic Republic.svg | caption = [[National emblem of East Germany|Partanda ni Jerman Habinsaran]] | prefix = Pasi ni nagara | country = Jerman Habinsaran | author = [[Johannes R. Becher]] | lyrics_date = 1949 | composer = [[Hanns Eisler]] | music_date = 1949 | adopted = {{ubl|14 Nopember 1949|1973 {{small|(as instrumental)}}}} | until = {{End date|1990|10|03|df=yes}} | sound = File:Auferstanden aus Ruinen (1989 military parade instrumental).ogg | sound_title = Musik ni parade militer di taon 1989 }} '''''Auferstanden aus Ruinen''''' (lapatanna i ma "Hehe sian halongonan") i ma sada logu habangsaon ni [[Jerman Habinsaran]]. == Lirik == On ma lirik ni logu ''Auferstanden aus Ruinen''. {| class="wikitable" |+ |<poem>{{Lang|de|Auferstanden aus Ruinen Und der Zukunft zugewandt, Lass uns dir zum Guten dienen, Deutschland, einig Vaterland. Alte Not gilt es zu zwingen, Und wir zwingen sie vereint, Denn es muss uns doch gelingen, Dass die Sonne schön wie nie {{!}}: Über Deutschland scheint. :{{!}} Glück und Frieden sei beschieden Deutschland, unserm Vaterland. Alle Welt sehnt sich nach Frieden, Reicht den Völkern eure Hand. Wenn wir brüderlich uns einen, Schlagen wir des Volkes Feind! Lasst das Licht des Friedens scheinen, Dass nie eine Mutter mehr {{!}}: Ihren Sohn beweint. :{{!}} Lasst uns pflügen, lasst uns bauen, Lernt und schafft wie nie zuvor. Und der eignen Kraft vertrauend, Steigt ein frei Geschlecht empor. Deutsche Jugend, bestes Streben Unsres Volks in dir vereint, Wirst du Deutschlands neues Leben, Und die Sonne schön wie nie {{!}}: Über Deutschland scheint. :{{!}}}}</poem> |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu habangsoan]] 8x3zmiop0dida8dqahcwc405u0o0h7e 0 265 18225 12764 2026-08-22T13:48:25Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18225 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Persemakmuran Australia'''<br>'''''Commonwealth of Australia'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Bandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>[[Advance Australia Fair|''Advance Australia Fair'']] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:U.S. Navy Band, Advance Australia Fair (instrumental).ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:As-map.png|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Australia |} '''Australia''', goar resmina '''Persemakmuran Australia''' ([[Hata Inggeris]]: ''Commonwealth of Australia'') i ma sada nagara na maringanan di bagian dangsina ni banua tonga. Luat ni Australia i ma tardiri sian [[banua Australia]], [[Pulo Tasmania]] jala piga-piga pulo na gelleng di [[Samudora Hindia]] dohot [[Samudora Pasifik]]. [[Canberra]] do huta sabungan ni Australia jala [[Sidney]] do kota na umbalga di Australia. Adong do pe kota na umbalga na asing i ma [[Melbourne]], [[Brisbane]], [[Perth]] dohot [[Adelaide]]. ==Nagara bagian dohot luat ni Australia== [[Ugasan:Australia states and territories labelled.svg|right|thumb|200px|Peta ni angka nagara bagian dohot luat ni Australia]] == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Oseania-stub}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Australasia]] [[Horong:Oseania]] {{commons|Category:Australia}}{{Authority control}} 9xfh7pzkmxs3cug4v3h9tqdww79pal1 0 267 18314 16486 2026-08-22T15:29:55Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18314 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Sow with piglet.jpg|thumb|Gombar inang ni babi dohot anakna na manusu.]] '''Babi''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯅᯅᯪ}}, [[Hata Inggeris]]: ''pig'') manang '''gondit''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯎᯬᯉ᯲ᯑᯪᯖ᯲}}) i ma sada [[pinahan]] na adong di portibion. Partinanda ni babi, ingkon ganjang igungna, dohot marbola anggo tambirikna. Babi on tohona ro sian [[Eurasia]], masuk ma tu [[Indonesia]]. Babi museng sada pinahan na [[omnipora]] na boi mangallang saganup sibuk dohot suansuanan. Babi museng pinahan [[mamalia]] na maranak. == Taksonomi (Rumang) == Hira-hira taon 1758, [[Carl Linnaeus]], sada ilmuwan mandok, molo babi domestik jotjot dirumanghon gabe [[babi harangan]] ([[hata Indonesia]]: ''babi hutan''), nasida manjou panggoaranna ''Sus scrofa'' sanga pe goar natupana ima ''Sus scrofa domesticus''.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?name=Sus+scrofa+domestica, Taxonomy Browser], ''www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'', [[Inggeris|hata Inggeris]], 27 Mei 2021</ref><ref>Anthea Gentry, Juliet Clutton-Brock, Colin P. Groves (2004) [http://arts.anu.edu.au/grovco/J%20Arch%20Sci.pdf, ''The naming of wild animal species and their domestic derivatives - Volume 31''], Journal of Archaeological Science, alaman 645–651, doi (10.1016/j.jas.2003.10.006), 27 Mei 2021</ref> Dungi, taon 1777, Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben, mandok molo babi domestik dang sarupo dohot babi harangan. Nasida manjou babi domestik ima ''Sus domesticus'', jala jotjot dipangke angka ahli [[taksonomi]] manang namalo dibidang namanggulmit.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?name=Sus+scrofa+domestica, ''Taxonomy Browser''], ''www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'', 27 Mei 2021</ref><ref>Anthea Gentry, Juliet Clutton-Brock, Colin P. Groves (1996) [http://biostor.org/cache/pdf/67/bc/62/67bc62b581bd1e69e143ba23a7cbc068.pdf, ''Proposed conservation of usage of 15 mammal specific names based on wild species which are antedated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals - volume 53''], Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, alaman 28–37, 27 Mei 2021</ref> == Parumaon == Mamahani babi domestik, lumobi naeng mambuat jagalni babi i. Angkup ni i, bagian ni babi saluhutna boi dipangke, tarmasuk ma sibuk-sibukna, uluna, ate-atena, mudarna, jeroanna, dohot na asingma. Marrgam ma angka sipanganon na boi dibahen sian jagal babi. Adong na boi mambahen [[sosis]] babi (na bibahen sian batuhana ([[hata Indonesia]]: ''usus''), dengdeng (jagal na diasapi), dohot na asingna. Uluni babi boi dipangke mambahen [[jeli]] nunga pormalin. Ate-atena, mudarna, dohot [[jeroan]] babi, gabe sipanganon ni bahat jolma.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL, ''FAOSTAT''], www.fao.org, 27 Mei 2021</ref> == Sipanganon sian jagal babi == Bahat sipanganon na dibahen mamangke jagal babi di portibion. Ditoruanma angka sipanganon na dibahen sian babi, ima; === Indonesia === ==== Sumatera ==== [[Ugasan:Saksang 2.JPG|thumb|Panganon babi [[Saksang]] pulik sian halak Batak]] * [[Saksang]], jagal babi sian halak Batak Toba di [[Indonesia]].<ref>[https://www.tobatabo.com/321+resep-sangsang-atau-saksang-babi-khas-batak-traditional-pork-dish.htm, ''Resep Sangsang atau Saksang, Babi Khas Batak''], www.tobatabo.com, diakses 27 Mei 2021</ref> * [[Babi Panggang Karo]], sipanganon jagal babi sian halak Batak Karo di [[Indonesia]] * [[Lomok-lomok]], panganon babi halak Batak Karo, suman tu Saksang. * [[Harinake]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak [[Halak Nias|Nias]]. * [[Ni'owuru]], jagal babi na diawethon dohot sira, siallangon jagal babi ni halak Nias. * [[Songsui]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak Bangka. ==== Jawa, Bali, NTT ==== [[Ugasan:Babi Guling-Roast suckling pig-01.jpg|thumb|250px|Parjagal Babi Guling di [[Bali]]]] * [[Lawak babi]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak Bali, dipadomu dohot marragam ingkau, songon pinasa, dalidali, diiris-iris jala dipadomu tu jagal babi, ditambahon angka bumbu ni halak Bali. * [[Babi guling]], siallangon jagal babi na dipanggang ni halak Bali. * [[Se'i]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]]. ==== Kalimantan ==== * [[Bipang Ambawang]], babi panggang sian Ambawang, propinsi [[Kalimantan Pastima]].<ref>[https://www.fimela.com/lifestyle-relationship/read/4553781/mengenal-bipang-ambawang-makanan-khas-kalimantan, Mengenal Bipang Ambawang, Makanan Khas Kalimantan], www.fimela.com, diakses 27 Mei 2021</ref> * [[Wadi]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak Dayak. * [[Jane Kasam]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak Dayak. * [[Jane Pansoh]], siallangon jagal babi na dipanggang ni halak [[Halak Dayak Iban|Dayak Iban]]. * [[Bubur babi]], siallangon bubur jagal babi ni halak Dayak. ==== Sulawesi, Maluku Papua ==== * [[Babi rica-rica]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak Manado (Minahasa), biasana siak do jagal on. * [[Babi putar]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak Manado (Minahasa), tingki adong paradaton. * [[Babi woku]], sipanganon babi nasiak di halak [[Halak Minahasa|Minahasa]], lumobi di kota [[Kota Manado|Manado]]. * [[Pa'piong]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak [[Halak Toraja|Toraja]], didpanggang mamangke bulu. * [[Pantollo' Pammarasan]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak [[Kabupaten Tana Toraja|Tana Toraja]] * [[Babi bakar batu]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak [[Halak Papua|Papua]]. === Tionghoa === [[Ugasan:Charsiu.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Babi panggang merah, hata aslina dijou ''cha sehw'' suratan na " 叉烧 "]] * [[Babi panggang merah]], jagal babi na tonggi halak Cina (Tionghoa). * [[Babi panggang putih]], jagal babi na asin halak Cina (Tionghoa). * [[Sekba]], sipanganon adong isi jeroan babi di halak Tionghoa (Jakarta, Bogor, Bandung, Tangerang). * [[Kitoba]], irisan ulu ni babi dungi dikukus, diallang dohot cuka aren. Bahat dipangan halak Tionghoa di [[Kota Bogor]]. * [[Sate babi]], jagal sate ima ditusuk, dungi dipanggang dohot marragam bumbu. Sipanganon khas ni halak Tionghoa. * [[Ngo hiang]] sanga pe [[Go Hiong]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak Tionghoa na dijaljal dohot dibungkus dohot kulit kembang tahu tipis (bahat dipangan di kota Jakarta, Bogor, Bandung). * [[Babi cin]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak Tonghoa, ditambahon minyak dohot kuah, tonggi rasana alani adong kensap manis. * [[Bakut]], siallangon jagal babi ni halak Tionghoa, (adong di sude huta di Indonesia). == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}} {{Commons|Category:Pig}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Pinahan]] [[Horong:Dorbia]] 4ar4v16sliasgefpm1zqdqkb9lh5tu4 0 268 18226 14209 2026-08-22T13:53:52Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Babiat|ᯅᯅᯪᯀᯖ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Panthera tigris sumatran subspecies.jpg|thumb|Babiat Sumatera]] '''Babiat''' ([[goar binomial]] : ''Panthera tigris'') i ma [[binatang]] siallang jagal. Babiat i ma ragam ni hunting na umbalga, agia umbalga sian [[singa]]. Jala babiat i ma [[karnipora]] na umbalga sian saluhut hunting. Babiat muse i ma hunting paduahon na hatop marlojong. {{Binatang-stub}} [[Horong:Binatang]] {{commons|Category:Panthera tigris}}{{Authority control}} d7b6njreufvzcjc6litgc3lwrbuue3t 0 289 18117 13589 2026-08-22T12:59:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18117 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Cristina Fernández with Barack Obama in Cannes 2011.jpg|thumb|200px|Obama dohot Presiden [[Argentina]] [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], di taon 2011]] '''Barack Hussein Obama II ''' (dijou do pe '''Barack Obama''') i ma presiden ni [[Amerika Serikat]] na paopatpuluopathon. Manjabat ma ibana sian taon 2008 sahat tu taon 2016. Obama tubu di [[Honolulu]], sada kota di [[Hawaii]], Amerika Serikat, di ari 4 Agustus 1961 na salpu. Goar ripena i ma '''Michelle Obama'''. == Pranala luar == * [[Ugasan:Commons-logo.svg|link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama?uselang=bbc|17x17px]] Wikimedia Commons ᯀᯑᯬᯉ᯲ᯎ᯲ ᯔᯩᯑᯪᯀ ᯔᯩᯉ᯲ᯎᯩᯉᯤ [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama?uselang=bbc '''''Barack Obama''''']. * [[Ugasan:Wikiquote-logo.svg|link=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Barack_Obama?uselang=bbc|16x16px]] [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Barack_Obama?uselang=bbc '''''Barack Obama'''''] ([[Hata Inggeris|Ing.]]) {{Jujur ni ngolu-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Politikus]] [[Horong:Presiden]] [[Horong:Amerika Serikat]] [[Horong:Presiden Amerika Serikat]] ibtmn3ipz43q256x6zdqp9247s58xr1 0 306 18434 16490 2026-08-22T16:43:18Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Collage of Nine Dogs.jpg|thumb|Angka ragam ni biang di portibi on]] '''Biang''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯅᯪᯛᯰ}}) manang '''Panangga''' manang ''Anjing'' di hata [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]], i ma sada [[pinahan]] [[mamalia]] na mandalani ''domestikasi'' sanga nunga dipalomuk sian [[Serigala hulabu|Serigala]], tingki 15.000 taon na salpu.<ref>McGourty, Christine [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2498669.stm ''Origin of dogs traced''], ''BBC News'', [[hata Inggeris]], 27 Mei 2021</ref> Pandapot ni angka ilmuwan sanga parhapistaron, molo biang on nunga dipalomuk sian 100.000 taon na salpu, dibereng bukti genetikna, dimulahon sian bangkena dohot [[DNA]]-na.<ref>Vilà, C. et al. (1997).</ref> Alai, adong muse pandapot, molo rangsa domestikasi ni biang, dang pola na leleng tu, hira-hira dang sahat marpuluribu taon nasalpu.<ref>Wayne, Robert K. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120126231726/http://www.mnh.si.edu/GeneticsLab/StaffPage/MaldonadoJ/PublicationsCV/Science_Dog_Paper.pdf ''Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog''], ''www.lifesci.ucla.edu'', Science-Volume 276, alaman 1687–1689, 27 Mei 2021</ref> Biang gabe marhambang ratusan [[Biang ras|ras]], jala marragam tompa na. Uarna ni imbulu ni angka biang muse marragam-ragam, adong na [[bontar]] sahat tu na [[birong]], adong muse na [[rara]], [[hulabu]] (jotjot dijou na "balau"), dohot [[Sikkolat (uarna)|sikkolat]], sanga uarna nabara. [[Ilmu parbinotan]] na marsiajari sude biang dijou ma '''[[kinologi]]'''. Kinologi rona sian [[Bahasp Yunani|bahaso Yunani kuno]] ima suratanna ''κυνός'', dijaha ''kynόs'', artina "biang" dohot ''λόγος'', dijaha ''lógos'', artina "ilmu, parsiajaran sanga parbinotoan". ==Panangga== Panangga ([[goar ilmiah]] : ''Canis lupus familiaris'') i ma [[binatang]] na dipahan manisia. Panangga nunga marganda gabe torop ragamna. borna obuk ni panangga pe torop situtu do, sian bontar tu na birong, rara tu bara, lan na asing. == Turiturian == [[Ugasan:Mapa habitat casitodo.PNG|thumb|left|Peta hangoluan ni biang di portibi]] Adong bukti naimbaru namandok molo biang dipalomuk parjolo halina di [[Asia Purba]], hira-hira di Tiongkok.<ref name=TURIAN>Peter, Savolainen, Ya-ping Zhang, Jing Luo, Joakim Lundeberg, dohot Thomas Leitner (22 Nopember 2002) [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5598/1610 ''Genetic Evidence for an East Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs''], Science-volume 298, alaman 1610–1613, 27 Mei 2021</ref> Jadi, jolma na parjolo hian, mambaoan marpiga biang sian [[Asia]], lao tu [[Amerika Utara]]. Dibagasan parsiajaran mangaluli turituian ni biang i, dapot ma ingkon 14 ras biang kuno, tarmasuk ma biang [[Chow Chow]], [[Sharpei]], [[Akita (biang)|Akita]], [[Shiba (biang)|Shiba]] dohot [[Basenji]] gabe ras ni biang na lumobi matua di portibi. Molo adong susirang na mandok biang asal na sian Asia, hira-hira boi dihaporseai, alana sian 14 ras biang diparsiajari i, bahatan asalna sian Tiongkok dohot Japang. == Pardonganan jolma dohot biang == [[Ugasan:Kintamani.jpg|thumb|kanan|Gombar ni Biang Kintamani, biang sian Bali]] Biang gabe sada pinahan na bahat dihalomohon angka jolma. Pardonganan ni biang dohot jolma, lumobi alani biang boi diajari, boi gabe dongan marmeam, boi mangolu dohot jolma, boi diboan tu harangan, boi manjago, dohot bahat halobianna.<ref name=BIANG>[http://jambi.tribunnews.com/2015/04/07/unik-dan-lucu-majikannya-dibekuk-polisi-anjing-ini-ikut-berbaring-menyerah ''Unik dan Lucu, Majikannya Dibekuk Polisi Anjing Ini Ikut Berbaring Menyerah''] www.jambi.tribunnews.com, 27 Mei 2021</ref> Dungi muse, sada alasan namambahen jolma jonok tu biang, ima habalangonna. Biang boi balang tu tuanna, na mangalehon sipanganon tu biang i. Alani i muse, bahat do jolma mangalehon goar tu biangna mamangke goar ni jolma, pambahenna ima pardonganan jolma tu biang. Biang pe boi mangulahon aha na diulahon tuanna.<ref name=BIANG/> == Jagal biang == Tung pe bahat jolma na mamiara biang gabe dongan, alai bahat muse do jolma na mangallang biang, dibahen gabe sipanganon songon jagal na asingna. Alai, dimarpiga bangso, adong hukumna molo biang dang boi gabe sipanganon, alani tabu dihalaki mangallang biang. Di halak [[Indonesia]], mangallang biang boi gabe manamba [[protein]] tu bagasan pamatang. Molo di halak [[Batak Toba|Batak]], jagal biang dijouma "B1", ima kode mandok sipanganon biang.<ref>Winarno, Bondan, [http://www.kompas.com/kcm/bondan/bd20.htm, ''Naniura''], Kompas, 27 Mei 2021</ref> Di halak [[Minahasa]] adong panjouan hoding ni jagal biang, ima didok "[[RW]]" (singkatan sian "rintek wuuk" dibagasan bahaso Tombulu artina imbulu na halus).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070701034453/http://www.sinarharapan.co.id/feature/cafe_resto/2002/06/4/caf02.html ''Pesona Hidangan Manado di Hotel Redtop''], Sinar Harapan, 27 Mei 2021</ref> Panjouan "B1" dohot "RW", gabe bahat dipangke halak di Indonesia mandok tu jagal biang on. Dung i, di kota [[Kota Surakarta|Surakarta]] (Kota Solo), adong sipanganon goarna [[Sate Jamu]] sanga Sengsu ima panggoaran tu sate dohot [[tongseng]] jagal biang. == Biang ras Indonesia == Disude tompa ni biang ras di portibi on, dang adong dope biang na tompa sian Indonesia. Alani i, dipahani ma [[Biang Kintamani]] asa gabe sada biang natingkos sian Indonesia. Topet tanggal 26 Maret 2019, biang Kintamani dipatupa gabe biang tulen sian Indonesia, jala diangkui Perkumpulan Kinologi Indonesia (PERKIN), diangkui muse [[Federasi Kinologi Internasional|Fédération Cynologique Internationale]] (FCI), gabe biang ras kelas dunia. Hangoluan ni biang Kintamani adong di harangan jonok tu gunung Batur, kecamatan Kintamani, kabupaten [[Kabupaten Bangli|Bangli]], Bali.<ref>[http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/362g05-en.pdf ''Anjing Kintamani - Bali''], Federation Cynologique Internationale, 27 Mei 2021</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}}{{Commons|Category:Dog}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Pinahan]] [[Horong:Dorbia]] ofe3b60z4hmpghht7buehmuw9tl1fee 0 307 18500 13073 2026-08-22T17:14:41Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18500 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01.jpg|upright=1.55|thumb|[[Gutenberg Bible]], Bibel na parjolo dirongkom (partongaan abad pa-15 hon)]] [[Ugasan:Bhs psalm1.png|right|thumb|220px|Guritan ni Psalmen 1 : 1-2 di [[Hata Heber]]]] '''Bibel''' (Hata [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Alkitab''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''Bible'') ima buku na badia ni halak [[Kristen]] [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] na maringanan di [[Indonesia]].<ref>[http://www.kateglo.com/?phrase=alkitab&mod=dictionary "Alkitab" dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia], www.kateglo.com, diakses 7 September 2021</ref> Di bagasan haporseaan ni halak Kristen, Bibel on ma hata ni [[Debata]] (''Allah'') na dilehon tu manisia di portibi on. Halak Kristen Protestan mangangkui adong dua bagian Bibel ima buku [[Protokanonika]] [[Perjanjian Lama]] marisi 39 kitab, dohot [[Perjanjian Baru]] marisi 27 kitab. Jadi halak Kristen Protestan mangangkui adong 66 kita isi ni Bibel. Dung i, di halak Kristen Katolik mangangkui adong muse goarna [[Deuterokanonika]] Perjanjian Lama, marisi 7 kitab dohot 2 kitab tambahan di buku Perjanjian Lama. Jadi halak Kristen Katolik mangangkui adong 75 kitab isi ni Bibel. == Turiturian == Bibel hata Batak Toba dirongkom [[Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia]] (LAI). Bibel Batak Toba sidung dilapatani taon 1878 ([[Perjanjian Baru]]) dohot taon 1894 ([[Perjanjian Lama]]), ima nadilapati misionaris na ro tu Tano Batak, [[Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen|Nommensen]]. Nommensen, sada [[misionaris]] sian bangso [[Jerman]], na malo marbahasa Batak Toba.<ref>Kilgour, Rev. R, D.D. ''Alkitab di Tanah Hindia Belanda''. Alaman 171-176, 7 September 2021</ref><ref>Kruger, Dr. Th. Muller (1966) ''Sejarah Gereja Di Indonesia'', Badan Penerbitan Kristen-Jakarta. Alaman 208-211, 7 September 2021</ref> == Panurat dohot taon disurat == Di toru on ma angka buku ni Bibel halak Kristen Protestan. Sumber: Robinson, 1976;<ref>John Arthur Thomas Robinson (1919-1983). "Redating the New Testament". Westminster Press, 1976. 369 halaman. ISBN 10: 1-57910-527-0; ISBN 13: 978-1-57910-527-3</ref> Phillips, 2007<ref>Bob Phillips, "Find It in the Bible - Lists, Lists, and more List", Immanuel, Jakarta 2007</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Buku ! Panurat ! Pandugaan taon disurat{{Porlu pustaha}} |- ! colspan="3" |Padan na Robi |- | [[Buku 1 Musa|1 Musa]] (''Kitab Kejadian'') | [[Musa]] | 1445 SM |- | [[Buku 2 Musa|2 Musa]] (''Kitab Keluaran'') | Musa | 1444 SM |- | [[Buku 3 Musa|3 Musa]] (''Kitab Imamat'') | Musa | 1443 SM |- | [[Buku 4 Musa|4 Musa]] (''Kitab Bilangan'') | Musa | 1443-1405 SM |- | [[Buku 5 Musa|5 Musa]] (''Kitab Ulangan'') | Musa | 1405 SM |- | [[Buku Josua|Josua]] (''Kitab Yosua'') | [[Josua]] | 1375 SM |- | [[Buku Panguhum|Panguhum]] (''Kitab Hakim-Hakim'') | [[Samuel]] | 1375-1075 SM |- | [[Buku Rut|Rut]] (''Kitab Rut'') | [[Samuel]] | 1100 SM |- | [[Buku 1 Samuel|1 Samuel]] (''Kitab 1 Samuel'') | Dang ditanda | 1000 SM |- | [[Buku 2 Samuel|2 Samuel]] (''Kitab 2 Samuel'') | Dang ditanda | 960 SM |- | [[Buku 1 Raja-Raja|1 Raja-Raja]] (''Kitab 1 Raja-Raja'') | Dang ditanda | Abad ke-6 SM |- | [[Buku 2 Raja-Raja|2 Raja-Raja]] (''Kitab 2 Raja-raja'') | Dang ditanda | Abad ke-6 SM |- | [[Buku 1 Kronika|1 Kronika]] (''Kitab 1 Tawarikh'') | [[Esra]] | Abad ke-5 SM |- | [[Buku 2 Kronika|2 Kronika]] (''Kitab 2 Tawarikh'') | Esra | Abad ke-5 SM |- | [[Buku Esra|Esra]] (''Kitab Ezra'') | Esra | 535-475 SM |- | [[Buku Nehemia|Nehemia]] (''Kitab Nehemia'') | [[Esra]] dohot [[Nehemia]] | 445-433 SM |- | [[Buku Ester|Ester]] (''Kitab Ester'') | Dang ditanda | 483-474 SM |- | [[Buku Job|Job]] (''Kitab Ayub'') | Dang ditanda | 1800 SM |- | [[Buku Psalmen|Psalmen]] (''Kitab Mazmur'') | [[Daud]], [[Asaf bin Berekhya|Asaf]], [[Musa]] dohot na asing | 1440-580 SM |- | [[Buku Poda|Poda]] (''Kitab Amsal'') | [[Salomo]] dohot panurat na asing | 950 SM |- | [[Buku Parjamita|Parjamita]] (''Kitab Pengkotbah'') | Salomo | 935 SM |- | [[Buku Angka Ende|Angka Ende]] (''Kitab Kidung Agung'') | Salomo | 960 SM |- | [[Buku Jesaya|Jesaya]] (''Kitab Yesaya'') | [[Jesaya]] | 739-700 SM |- | [[Buku Jeremia|Jeremia]] (''Kitab Yeremia'') | [[Jeremia]] | 627-560 SM |- | [[Buku Andung-Andung|Andung-Andung]] (''Kitab Ratapan'') | Jeremia | 586 SM |- | [[Buku Hesekiel|Hesekiel]] (''Kitab Yehezkiel'') | [[Hesekiel]] | 593-571 SM |- | [[Buku Daniel|Daniel]] (''Kitab Daniel'') | [[Daniel]] | 606-534 SM |- | [[Buku Hosea|Hosea]] (''Kitab Hosea'') | [[Hosea]] | 760-725 SM |- | [[Buku Joel|Joel]] (''Kitab Yoël'') | [[Joel]] | 838 SM |- | [[Buku Amos|Amos]] (''Kitab Amos'') | [[Amos]] | 760 SM |- | [[Buku Obaja|Obaja]] (''Kitab Obaja'') | [[Obaja]] | 845 SM |- | [[Buku Jona|Jona]] (''Kitab Yunus'') | [[Jona]] | 782 SM |- | [[Buku Mika|Mika]] (''Kitab Mikha'') | [[Mika]] | 735 SM |- | [[Buku Nahum|Nahum]] (''Kitab Nahum'') | [[Nahum]] | 650 SM |- | [[Buku Habakuk|Habakuk]] (''Kitab Habakuk'') | [[Habakuk]] | 609-599 SM |- | [[Buku Sepania|Sepania]] (''Kitab Zefanya'') | [[Sepania]] | 640 SM |- | [[Buku Haggai|Haggai]] (''Kitab Hagai'') | [[Hagai]] | 520 SM |- | [[Buku Sakaria|Sakaria]] (''Kitab Zakharia'') | [[Sakaria]] | 520 SM |- | [[Buku Maleaki|Maleaki]] (''Kitab Maleakhi'') | [[Maleaki]] | 500 SM |- ! colspan="3" |Padan na Imbaru |- | [[Buku Mateus|Mateus]] (''Injil Matius'') | [[Mateus]] | [[40]]-[[60]] M |- | [[Buku Markus|Markus]] (''Injil Markus'') | [[Markus]] | 45-60 M |- | [[Buku Lukas|Lukas]] (''Injil Lukas'') | [[Lukas]] | 57-60 M |- | [[Buku Johannes|Johannes]] (''Injil Yohanes'') | [[Johannes]] | 40-65 M |- | [[Buku Ulaon ni Apostel|Ulaon ni Apostel]] (''Kisah Para Rasul'') | Lukas | 57-[[62]] M |- | [[Buku Rom|Rom]] (''Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Roma'') | [[Paulus sian Tarsus|Paulus]] | [[57]] M |- | [[Buku 1 Korintus|1 Korintus]] (''Surat Paulus yang Pertama kepada Jemaat di Korintus'') | Paulus | [[55]] M |- | [[Buku 2 Korintus|2 Korinstus]] (''Surat Paulus yang Kedua kepada Jemaat di Korintus'') | Paulus | [[56]] M |- | [[Buku Galatia|Galatia]] (''Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Galatia'') | Paulus | [[56]] M |- | [[Buku Epesus|Epesus]] (''Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Efesus'') | Paulus | [[58]] M |- | [[Buku Pilippi|Pilippi]] (''Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Filipi'') | Paulus | 58 M |- | [[Buku Kolosse|Kolosse]] (''Surat Paulus kepada Jemaat di Kolose'') | Paulus | 58 M |- | [[Buku 1 Tesalonik|1 Tesalonik]] (''Surat Paulus yang Pertama kepada Jemaat di Tesalonika'') | Paulus | [[50]] M |- | [[Buku 2 Tesalonik|2 Tesalonik]] (''Surat Paulus yang Kedua kepada Jemaat di Tesalonika'') | Paulus | [[51]] M |- | [[Buku 1 Timoteus|1 Timoteus]] (''Surat Paulus yang Pertama kepada Timotius'') | Paulus | 55 M |- | [[Buku 2 Timoteus|2 Timoteus]] (''Surat Paulus yang Kedua kepada Timotius'') | Paulus | [[58]] M |- | [[Buku Titus|Titus]] (''Surat Paulus kepada Titus'') | Paulus | [[57]] M |- | [[Buku Pilemon|Pilemon]] (''Surat Paulus kepada Filemon'') | Paulus | [[58]] M |- | [[Buku Heber|Heber]] (''Surat kepada Orang Ibrani'') | Dang ditanda | [[67]] M |- | [[Buku Jakobus|Jakobus]] (''Surat Yakobus'') | [[Jakobus]] | [[47]]-[[48]] M |- | [[Buku 1 Petrus|1 Petrus]] (''Surat Petrus yang Pertama'') | [[Simon Petrus|Petrus]] | [[63]] M |- | [[Buku 2 Petrus|2 Petrus]] (''Surat Petrus yang Kedua'') | Petrus | [[61]]-[[62]] M |- | [[Buku 1 Johannes|1 Johannes]] (''Surat Yohanes yang Pertama'') | [[Johannes]] | [[60]]-[[65]] M |- | [[Buku 2 Johannes|2 Johannes]] (''Surat Yohanes yang Kedua'') | [[Johannes]] | [[60]]-[[65]] M |- | [[Buku 3 Johannes|3 Johannes]] (''Surat Yohanes yang Ketiga'') | [[Johannes]] | [[60]]-[[65]] M |- | [[Buku Judas|Judas]] (''Surat Yudas'') | [[Judas (saudara Jesus)|Judas]] | [[61]]-[[62]] M |- | [[Buku Pangungkapon|Pangungkapon]] (''Wahyu kepada Yohanes'') | [[Johannes]] | [[68]]-[[70]] M |- |} == Pustaha == [[Horong:Kristen]] [[Horong:Batak Toba]] <references />{{Authority control}} 7echzrku08ojqee7txms1zg619e3ily 0 310 18123 15260 2026-08-22T13:01:53Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18123 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:20240809 Blackpink Pink Carpet 09.png|thumb]] '''Blackpink''' ([[Hata Korea|Hangul]]: 블랙핑크); '''BLACKPINK''' manang pe '''BLΛƆKPIИK''' i ma sada punguan parmusik dadaboru sian nagara [[Korea Dangsina]] ([[Hata Indonesia|''Indonesia'']]: Korea Selatan), na ditompaon [[YG Entertainment]]. Adong opat halak ruasna i ma margoar Kim Ji-soo, Jennie Kim, Roseanne Park dohot Lalisa Manoban. Ende parjolo ni Blackpink na dirilis di ari 8 Agustus 2016 i ma ''[[Square One (album single)|Square One]]''. == Ruasna == {|Class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan=2 | Ruas ! Data pribadi |- | [[Ugasan:171001 코리아 뮤직 페스티벌 블랙핑크 (7).jpg|130px]] | '''<big>Jisoo</big>''' <br> (지수) | * Goar: Kim Ji-soo (김지수) * Tubu: 3 Januari 1995 * Inganan: [[Gunpo]], [[Gyeonggi]], [[Korea Dangsina]] |- | [[Ugasan:171001 코리아 뮤직 페스티벌 블랙핑크 (8) (cropped).jpg|130px]] | '''<big>[[Jennie Kim|Jennie]]</big>''' <br> (제니) | * Goar: Jennie Kim (김제니) * Tubu: 16 Januari 1996 * Inganan: [[Seoul]], [[Korea Dangsina]] |- | [[Ugasan:171001 코리아 뮤직 페스티벌 블랙핑크 (1).jpg|130px]] | '''<big>[[Rosé (penyanyi)|Rosé]]</big>''' <br> (로제) | * Goar: Roséanne Park (로잔느 박) {{br}} Park Chae-young (박채영) * Tubu: 11 Pebruari 1997 * Inganan: [[Auckland]], [[Selandia Baru]] |- | [[Ugasan:170702 블랙핑크 팬사인회 (10).jpg|130px]] | '''<big>[[Lalisa Manoban|Lisa]]</big>''' <br> (리사) | * Goar: Lalisa Manoban (ลลิษา มโนบาล) * Tubu: 27 Maret 1997 * Inganan: [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] |} == Diskograpi == * ''[[Blackpink (EP)|Blackpink]]'' (2017) * ''[[Square Up (EP)|Square Up]]'' (2018) *<nowiki>''Kill This Love''</nowiki> (2019) == Filimograpi == *''Blackpink House'' (2018) == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{Musik-stub}} [[Horong:Parmusik]] [[Horong:Parende]] lz9yrxzmn4g8ql7jgdwvk9byj9p3frp 0 318 18230 13466 2026-08-22T13:53:57Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18230 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Harajaon Bolanda'''<br>'''''Koninkrijk der Nederlanden''''' ([[Hata Bolanda|Bolanda]])<br>'''''Reino Hulandes''''' ([[Hata Papiamento|Papiamento]])<br>'''''Keninkryk fan de Nederlannen''''' ([[Hata Prisia Hasundutan|Prisia Hasundutan]])</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Bandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="300px"|[[Moto]] :<br> ''Je maintendrai'' ([[Hata Prancis|Prancis]]) |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan : [[Wilhelmus]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus (tempo corrected).ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Netherland.png|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Bolanda |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:KonDerNed-10-10-10.png|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni opat nagara konstituen ni Harajaon Bolanda |} '''Harajaon Bolanda''' ([[Hata Bolanda]] : ''Koninkrijk der Nederlanden'' ; pandokhonan : [ˈkoːnɪŋkrɛiɡ dɛr ˈneːdərlɑndə(n)]) i ma sada nagara [[monarki konstitusional]] na maringanan di hasundutan ni [[Banua Eropa]] jala marnampunahon pigapiga luat di [[Karibia]]. Di Eropa, adong do sampulu dua propinsi di bagasan nagara nian jala marbatasan dohot [[Jerman]] di bariba habinsaran, [[Belgia]] di bariba hasundutan, [[Laut Utara]] di bariba manabia jala batas laut dohot [[Britania Godang]]. Adong do pe luat ni Bolanda di Karibia i ma [[Sint Eustasius]], [[Bonaire]] dohot [[Saba]] na gabe [[Karibia Bolanda|luat na sudung ni Bolanda]]. Adong do opat luat na gabe bagian ni Harajaon Bolanda i ma [[Bolanda (nagara konstituen)|Bolanda]], [[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]] dohot [[Sint Maarten]] - i ma [[Nagara konstituen ni Harajaon Bolanda|nagara konstituen]] (anggo di [[hata Bolanda]] didok ''landen''). Huta sabungan ni Harajaon Bolanda maringanan di [[Amsterdam]], hape [[Den Haag]] dibahen gabe lumban raja ni Bolanda. == Nagara konstituen == Sadari on Harajaon Bolanda marnampunahon opat nagara konstituen i ma Bolanda, Aruba, Curaçao dohot Sint Maarten. Parbedaan ni Harajaon Bolanda (''Kingdom of Netherlands'') dohot Bolanda (''Netherlands''): Harajaon Bolanda i ma sada nagara na mardaulat, tagan Bolanda i ma sada sian opat nagara konstituen. Tolu pulo di [[Laut Karibia]] (Aruba, Curaçao dohot Sint Maarten) i ma tolu nagara konstituen. Tolu pulo na asing di Laut Karibia ([[Bonaire]], [[Sint Eustasius]] dohot [[Saba]]) i ma [[Bolanda Karibia|munisipalitas khusus]] di bagasan Bolanda. Sahat parsiranghonna di taon 2010, ditompaon pulopulo nian do gabe [[Antillen Bolanda]] , hape nunga haruar do Aruba sian punguan Antillen Bolanda di taon 1986. {| class="wikitable" |+Nagara Konstituen ni Harajaon Bolanda ! colspan="2" |Nagara !Populasi (bulan Nopember 2019) !Persentase sian populasi harajaon !Bidang ni luat<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://onderwerpen/caribische-deel-van-het-koninkrijk/vraag-en-antwoord/waaruit-bestaat-het-koninkrijk-der-nederlanden|title=Waaruit bestaat het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden? - Rijksoverheid.nl|author=Ministerie van Algemene Zaken|date=19 May 2015|website=onderwerpen}}</ref> !Persentase sian bidang ni harajaon !Hapadaton populasi |- | colspan="2" |[[Ugasan:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|25px]] [[Bolanda]] |17.424.978 |98,24% |41.873 km² (16.167 mil persegi) |98,45% |516/km² (1.340/mil persegi) |- ! rowspan="5" | | colspan="6" style="border-top:hidden" | '''Subbagian ni Bolanda''' |- |scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| [[Ugasan:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|25px]] [[Propinsi di Bolanda|Propinsi]] di Eropa | 17.399.821 || 98,10% || 41.545 km² (16.041 mil persegi) || 97,68% || 521/km² (1.350/mil persegi) |- |scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| [[Ugasan:Flag of Bonaire.svg|25px]] [[Bonaire]]^†^‡ | 20.104 || 0,11% || 294 km² (114 mil persegi) || 0,69% || 69/km² (180/mil persegi) |- |scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| [[Ugasan:Flag of Sint Eustatius.svg|25px]] [[Sint Eustasius]]^†^‡ | 3.138 || 0,02% || 21 km² (8,1 mil persegi) || 0,05% || 150/km² (390/mil persegi) |- |scope="row" style="text-align:left;"| [[Ugasan:Flag of Saba.svg|25px]] [[Saba]]^†^‡ | 1.915 || 0,01% || 13 km² (5,0 mil persegi) || 0,03% || 148/km² (380/mil persegi) |- | colspan="2" |[[Ugasan:Flag of Aruba.svg|25px]] [[Aruba]] |112.309 |0,63% |180 km² (69 mil persegi) |0,42% |624/km² (1.620/mil persegi) |- | colspan="2" |[[Ugasan:Flag of Curaçao.svg|50px]] [[Curaçao]] |158.665 |0,89% |444 km² (171 mil persegi) |1.04% |358/km² (930/mil persegi) |- | colspan="2" |[[Ugasan:Flag of Sint Maarten.svg|50px]] [[Sint Maarten]] |41.486 |0,23% |34 km² (13 mil persegi) |0,08% |1.221/km² (3.160/mil persegi) |- class="sortbottom" ! colspan="2" |[[Ugasan:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|50px]] '''''Harajaon Bolanda''''' !style="text-align:right;"| '''''17.737.438''''' !style="text-align:right;font-weight:normal;"| '''''100,00%''''' !style="text-align:right;"| '''''42.531 km² (16.421 mil persegi)''''' !style="text-align:right;font-weight:normal;"| '''''100,00%''''' !style="text-align:right;"| '''''515/km² (1,330/mil persegi)''''' |- class="sortbottom" | colspan="7" |<small>^† Ditompa gabe bagian ni [[Karibia Bolanda]].<br />^‡ Ditompa gabe bagian ni [[Bolanda Karibia]].</small> |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] chiyqpfd17j68c0dz8u78i29jehkrys 0 319 18231 16081 2026-08-22T13:53:58Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Bolivia|ᯅᯬᯞᯪᯇᯪᯛ}} [[Ugasan:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg|thumb|Mandera ni Bolipia]] '''Bolipia''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Dangsina]]. Pusok pamarentahon ni Bolipia maringanan di [[La Paz]], alai pusok yudisial ni Bolipia maringanan di [[Sucre]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Dangsina-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Dangsina]] eys06b5ulizci6twqo9askla4dgp3aj 0 321 18508 13151 2026-08-22T18:35:47Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18508 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Rice grains.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Boras, sipanganon na dimasak gabe [[indahan]]]] '''Boras''' manang '''Harbue''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''beras''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''rice'') ima parbue ni [[eme]] naung dipurpur sian [[lapung]] na. Sara dipangke mamurpur parbue sian lapungna boi diduda dibagasan [[losung]], sanga di jaman sonari umbahatan digiling mamangke mesin panggiling eme. Boras hatopanna sada suansuanan na sahali tubu, molo dung dipanen, dang boi dipanen be padua halina, molo di hata bahasa Indonesia didokma i ''[[tumbuhan semusim]]'' manang ''tanaman tahunan''. Timbo ni eme boi sahat 1 - 1,8 meter. Bulungna ganjang dohot lihi, ganjangna boi 50 – 100&nbsp;cm dohot bidangna 2 - 2,5&nbsp;cm. Boras na somal gabe sipanganon ima ganjangna 5 – 12&nbsp;mm dohot hapalna 2 – 3&nbsp;mm. == Anatomi ni boras == Molo dibasan parsiajaran [[Bilogi|biologi]], boras tarmasuk biji ni eme. Turpuk ni boras ima: * [[Aleuron]], lapis ruar ni boras, jotjot tarambolonghon tingki dipurpur, * [[Endosperma]], inganan ni [[pati]] dohot [[protein]] ni boras, * [[Embrio (boras)|Embrio]], nagiot gabe eme naimbaru, embrio ni boras dijou ''mata beras''. == Ragam dohot uarna ni boras == [[Ugasan:Indonesian rice vendor.JPG|thumb|250px|right|Ragam ni boras dohot sipulut di Indonesia.]] [[Uarna]] ni boras marragam-ragam somalna alani genetik, beda [[gen]] na mangatur uarna aleuron ni boras, uarna endospermia, dohot komposisi pati na adong di endospermia eme. Angka ragam ni boras na somal adong di [[Indonesia]], ima: * Boras nabontar (''Beras putih''). Boras on sarupo tu goarna, uarna ni boras on ima nabontar, adong saotik aleuron, kandungan amilosa na hira-hira 20%. Boras na songon on ma nabahat dipangke jolma jala bahat dijual di onan (pasar). * Boras narara (''Beras merah''). Boras narara on adong aleuronna, gen mamproduksi antosianin haroro ni uarna narara manang ungu. * Boras nabirong (''Beras hitam''). Boras nabirong on pala lingka. Haroro ni uarna na birong, alana aleuron dohot endospermia bahat mamproduksi antosianin ima mambahen uarna ni boras on gabe ungu haira nabirong. * Sipulut (''Ketan'') manang boras sipulut. Uarna ni sipulut ima nabontar, dang transparan, hampir sude pati ni boras on bagian ni amilopektin. * Sipulut na birong (''Ketan hitam''), ima boras sipulut na birong uarna na. == Produksi boras indonesia (bilangan ribuan ton) == Produksi boras diprediksi 63,2% sian produksi [[Gabah#Istilah perdagangan gabah|Gabah Kering Giling]] (GKG): {| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- ! Tahun ! Produksi (kilo ton) ! Taon ! Produksi (kilo ton) ! Taon ! Produksi (kilo ton) ! Taon ! Produksi (kilo ton) |- | 1983 | 25.932 | 1992 | 31,356 | 2001 | 31,891 | 2009 | 40,656 |- | 1984 | 24,006 | 1993 | 31,318 | 2002 | 32,130 | 2010 | 42,43** |- | 1985 | 26.542⁺ | 1994 | 30,317 | 2003 | 32,950 | 2011 | 41,32 <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231002233028/https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-1812605/disentil-boediono-ini-jawaban-mentan-suswono ''Disentil Boediono, Ini Jawaban Mentan Suswono''], detikfinance, 11 Agustus 2021</ref> |- | 1986 | 27,014⁺ | 1995 | 32,334 | 2004 <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060905/http://www.balipost.co.id/BALIPOSTCETAK/2004/11/11/e4hl.htm Pebruari 2005, Harga Beras Naik 20 Persen], www.balipost.co.id (11 November 2004), Diakses 14 Januari 2022</ref> | 33,490 | 2012 | 43,6 <ref>[https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/469092/2013-indonesia-bebas-impor-beras ''2013, Indonesia Bebas Impor Beras''], |(24 Maret 2013), Tempo, 11 Agustus 2021</ref> / 40 <ref name="auto1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190829050009/https://investor.id/agribusiness/10-tahun-terakhir-tren-produksi-beras-terus-naik ''10 Tahun Terakhir, Tren Produksi Beras Terus Naik''], www.investor.id, 11 Agustus 2021</ref> |- | 1987 | 27,253⁺ | 1996 | 33,216 | 2005 | 34,120 | 2013 | 41 |- | 1988 | 28,340 | 1997 | 31,206 | 2006 | 34,600⁺ | 2014 | 41 |- | 1989 | 29,072 | 1998 | 31,118 | 2007 | 36,970⁺^§ | 2015 | 43 |- | 1990 | 29,366 | 1999 | 31,294 | 2008 | 38,078⁺^# | 2016 | 46 |- | 1991 | 29,047 | 2000 | 32,130 | 2008 | 40,34^* | 2017 | 47,29⁺<ref>[https://www.pertanian.go.id/home/?show=news&act=view&id=2614 Optimis Produksi Beras 2018 , Kementan Pastikan Harga Beras Stabil], www.pertanian.go.id, 14 Januari 2022</ref> |} == 10 besar nagara produksi eme 2018 == {| border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" align="center" |- ! colspan=2|Produksi eme per nagara — 2018<br />(ton)<ref>[https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2020/08/08/indonesia-menjadi-salah-satu-negara-penghasil-beras-terbesar-di-dunia-berapa-produksinya ''Indonesia Menjadi Salah Satu Negara Penghasil Beras Terbesar di Dunia''], www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id, diakses 11 Agustus 2021</ref> |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Sina]] || align="right" | 214.078.796 |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of India.svg|25px]] [[India]] || align="right" | 172.580.000 |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of Indonesia.svg|25px]] [[Indonesia]] || align="right" | 83.037.000 |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|25px]] [[Bangladesh]] || align="right" | 56.417.319 |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of Vietnam.svg|25px]] [[Pietnam]] || align="right" | 44.046.250 |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of Thailand.svg|25px]] [[Thailand]] || align="right" | 32.192.087 |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of Myanmar.svg|25px]] [[Myanmar]] || align="right" | 25.418.142 |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of the Philippines.svg|25px]] [[Pilipina]] || align="right" | 19.066.094 |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of Brazil.svg|25px]] [[Brasil]] || align="right" | 11.749.192 |- |[[Ugasan:Flag of Pakistan.svg |25px]] [[Pakistan]] || align="right" | 10.802.949 |- |colspan=2|''Sumber: <br />fao.org<ref>[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data ''FAOSTAT''], www.fao.org</ref>'' |} == Pustaha == [[Horong:Sipanganon]] <references />{{Authority control}} 6u5oynq61m80lm0wopa13calbwuq1jt 0 322 18442 16581 2026-08-22T16:45:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Boraspati|ᯅᯬᯒᯘ᯲ᯇᯖᯪ}} [[Ugasan:Cyrto marmo 050408 024 ipb.jpg|thumb|Boraspati]] '''Boraspati''' i ma sada binatang reptil na somal mangolu di dorpi manang [[hauhau]]. Boraspati marwarna abu-abu alai adong do na marwarna birong. {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] 5nulpxaubi0w3lkt9c1ydsccwvwickl 0 323 18506 12133 2026-08-22T18:35:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Bosi Barani|ᯅᯬᯘᯪᯅᯒᯉᯪ}} [[Ugasan:A-1 horseshoe-magnet-red-silver-iron-filings-AHD.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni Bosi barani]] '''Bosi Barani''' nang somal dijou '''magnet''' i ma sada ugasan na boi tolap manait ugasan asing na di humaliangna. Ugasan na boi gogo ditait bosi barani i ma na sian logam, tudosanna bosi manang baja. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ugasan]] kfe8xcp5e73h0ufw611shlcsn68lyca 0 325 18232 14299 2026-08-22T13:54:00Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Botik|ᯅᯬᯖᯪᯂ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Brassicales - Carica papaya - 13.jpg|thumb|Hau ni botik na marparbue]] '''Botik''' i ma sada goar ni suansuanan na marparbue na marasal sian luat dangsina ni [[Meksiko]] dohot bariba utara ni [[Amerika Dangsina]]. Nuaeng nunga marrarat situtu jala disuan di sude luat [[Tropis]] ni portibi on. {{Suansuanan-stub}} {{Parbue-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] [[Horong:Parbue]] 6x9jqtjg13ql0f3ngzx7v4kxzjeryd7 0 328 18233 16944 2026-08-22T13:54:01Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Brasil|ᯅᯩᯒᯘᯪᯞ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Brazil.svg|200px|thumb|right|Mandera ni Brasil]] '''Brasil''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Dangsina]]. Huta sabunganna maringanan di [[Brasilia]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Dangsina-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Dangsina]] ns03oera36wokw23gcplwgdyo8qfevb 0 330 18234 13467 2026-08-22T13:54:02Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18234 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Parsadaan Harajaon ni Britania Godang dohot Irlandia Utara'''<br>'''''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan : <br>[[God Save the Queen|''God Save the Queen]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:U.S. Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Locator map of the United Kingdom.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Inganan ni Britania Godang |} '''Parsadaan Harajaon ni Britania Godang dohot Irlandia Utara''' ([[Hata Inggeris]] : ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'' manang ''United Kingdom'',''UK'', [[Hata Indonesia]] : ''Britania Raya'') manang ditanda do pe '''Britania Godang''' manang '''Britania''', i ma sada nagara na maringanan di luar ni garis pantai manabia [[Banua Eropa]]. Luat ni Britania Godang tardiri sian [[Pulo Britania]] jala bagian irisanna ni [[Pulo Irlandia]]. Huta sabungan ni Britania Godang maringanan di [[London]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Eropa-stub}} {{Commons|Category:United Kingdom}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] cozgu6q0rkbxwt5949jwsqbak57hfbm 0 332 18235 17573 2026-08-22T13:54:04Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18235 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Brunei Darussalam'''<br />'''Negara Brunei Darussalam'''</big></big><br><big>'''نݢارا بروني دارالسلام'''</big> | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Brunei.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Emblem of Brunei.svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan:<br />''[[Allah Peliharakan Sultan]]''<br />ﷲ ڤليهاراکن سلطان |- | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:United States Navy Band - Allah Peliharakan Sultan.oga]] |} |- | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Brunei map-en.svg|300x300px]] |- | align="center" width="300px" |Peta ni Brunei Darussalam |} '''Brunei''' dohot goar resmi '''Brunei Darussalam''' i ma sada negara di [[Asia Anggoni]]. Huta sabungan ni Brunei maringanan di [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}} {{commons|Category:Brunei}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] o15bvy0aoic374hyv0iixs76r20eeb8 0 333 18236 12337 2026-08-22T13:54:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Budakeszi|ᯅᯮᯑᯂᯩᯘᯪ}} [[Ugasan:Budakeszi.svg|thumb|right|200px|Partanda ni Budakeszi]] [[Ugasan:Budakeszi_-_Temple.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Budakeszi]] '''Budakeszi''' i ma sada [[kota]] na maringanan di [[Hungaria]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 37,11 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 14.330 halak (2018). ==Pustaha== {{Hungaria-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Hungaria]] pdxdhikpqs2dwzu86sype52mrkweoho 0 334 18237 14217 2026-08-22T13:54:07Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Buea|ᯅᯮᯋᯩᯀ}} [[Ugasan:SaltwaterCrocodile('Maximo').jpg|thumb|Buea]] '''Buea''' ([[goar binomial]] : ''Crocodylidae'') i ma [[binatang]] [[reptil]] na balga jala mangolu di aek. Agia goar ni buea pe somal dipangke manjou [[aligator]], [[kaiman]], manang [[gapial]]; i ma angka binatang na solhot tu buea. {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] h7ys08dlkwfmzafdm4cjdjrkeh16uy3 0 338 18238 12273 2026-08-22T13:54:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18238 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Buku 1 Musa''' ([[hata Junani]]: Γένεσις, ''Génesis''; [[hata Heber ni Bibel|hata Heber]]:בְּרֵאשִׁית‎, <small>romanisasi</small>: ''Bərēʾšīṯ'', <small>lapatanna i ma</small> 'parmulaan'; [[hata Latin]]: ''LIber Genesis'') i ma buku na patujolo ni [[Bibel]], tarlumobi di [[Padan na Robi]]. 1 Musa i ma sada bagian ni [[Patik]], lima buku na patujolo di Bibel. Mangihut adat halak Jahudi, [[Musa]] do na manggurit Patik i.{{Porlu pustaha}} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Kristen-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Bibel]] sy25nsvycvulz37p7xiskx3io8fh3kv 0 400 18501 15698 2026-08-22T17:16:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18501 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ulaon ni Apostel''' manang ''Kisah Para Rasul'' dihata [[Indonesia]], i ma sada buku na adong di [[Bibel]] Perjanjian Naimbaru (''Perjanjian Baru''). Isi ni buku on ima angka narasi kronologi ni angka apostel ditingki nasalpu. Buku on nisurat hira taon 65 Masehi (dung hatutubu ni [[Jesus]]. Pardalanan ni Huria naparjolo, disurat do dibuku on.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sarapanpagi.org/alkitab-nama-nama-kitab-dan-penjelasan-singkat-vt3734.html|title=Alkitab: Nama-Nama Singkat dan Sedikit Penjelasan|date=2 Juni 2011|website=www.sarapanpagi.org|accessdate=5 Juni 2025}}</ref> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Bibel]] [[Horong:Kristen]] <references />{{Authority control}} 8qwhditefy8ahsrlxrfliqyarnd5i50 0 402 18450 16844 2026-08-22T16:47:21Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bulu tangkis''' (Bahaso [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Bulu tangkis''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggoris]]: ''Badminton'') ima sada dangka ni [[olahraga]], na mamangke bola, tompa ni bolana hoding dibahen sian imbulu ni [[Manuk]].<ref name"TURIAN">Boga, Steve. [''Badminton'' (2008)], Paw Prints, ISBN: 978-1439504789, 31 Mei 2021</ref> Adong muse pamukulni bola, goarna [[rengket]]. Parbulutangkis adong 5 horong, ima; * Nasasada baoa (''tunggal putera'') * Nasasada borua (''tunggal puteri'') * More baoa (''ganda putera'') * More borua (''ganda puteri'') * More sampuran (''ganda campuran'') == Turiturian == [[Ugasan:Battledore-and-shuttlecock.jpg|thumb|225x225px|right|Parmaenan ''Battledore and Shuttlecock'' taon [[1854]]]] Olahraga dimaethon mamangke [[kok]] dohot [[rengket]], hira-hira parjolo-jolo ditanda di [[Misir]] taon 2000 taon na salpu. Alai adong museng mandok molo olahraga on ro sian [[India]] dohot [[Sina|Tiongkok]]. == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Olahraga]] 90f94n6sftk0y3oenool9ujzfhssmuh 0 413 18405 13450 2026-08-22T16:29:48Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Guangdong | official_name = Province of Guangdong | native_name = {{Lang|zh-Hans-CN|广东}} | settlement_type = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | translit_lang1 = Name | translit_lang1_type = {{Nobold|Chinese}} | translit_lang1_info = {{Lang|zh-Hans|广东省}} | translit_lang1_type1 = {{Nowrap|{{Nobold|[[Hanyu Pinyin]]}}}} | translit_lang1_info1 = {{Transliteration|zh|Guǎngdōng shěng}} | translit_lang1_type2 = {{Nowrap|{{Nobold|[[Cantonese]] [[Jyutping]]}}}} | translit_lang1_info2 = {{Transliteration|yue|Gwong2dung1 saang2}} | translit_lang1_type3 = {{Nobold|Abbreviation}} | translit_lang1_info3 = GD / {{Linktext|lang=zh-hans|粤}} ({{Transliteration|zh|Yuè}} / {{Transliteration|yue|Jyut6}}) | image_skyline = {{Multiple image| border = infobox| total_width = 290| image_style = border:1; |perrow = 2/2 |image1 = Canton Tower 20220626 (cropped 2).jpg |image2 = China Resources Headquarters&Shenzhen Bay gymnasium in Nanshan District2020.jpg |image3 = Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge (Zhuhai section).jpg |image4 = Huangmanzhai.jpg |image5 = 广东省台山下川岛的海湾 - panoramio.jpg }} | image_alt = | image_caption = From top to bottom, left to right: [[Canton Tower]] in [[Guangzhou]], [[Shenzhen Bay]], [[Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge]], Huangmanzhai Waterfall, Taishan Xiachuan Island | image_map = Guangdong in China (+all claims hatched).svg | mapsize = 275px | map_alt = Map showing the location of Guangdong Province | map_caption = Map showing the location of Guangdong Province | coordinates = {{Coord|23.4|N|113.5|E|type:adm1st|format=dms|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[China]] | named_for = Abbreviated from "{{Transliteration|zh|Guǎngnándōng Lù}}" (A "{{Transliteration|zh|lù}}" (often translated "[[Circuit (administrative division)|Circuit]]") was equal to a province or a state in [[Song dynasty|Song China]]) <br />{{Lang|zh-hans|{{Linktext|广}}}} = wide, vast, expanse<br />{{Lang|zh-hans|{{Linktext|东}}}} = east<br /> literally, "At the East of the Expanse" ([[Guangxi]] being the West) | seat_type = Capital<br />{{Nobold|(and largest city)}} | seat = [[Guangzhou]] | seat1_type = | seat1 = | parts_type = Divisions<br />&nbsp;- [[Prefecture-level divisions of China|Prefecture-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[County-level division|County-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|Township-<br />level]] | parts = <br />[[List of administrative divisions of Guangdong|21 prefectures]]<br />122 counties<br />1609 towns and subdistricts | government_type = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | governing_body = Guangdong Provincial People's Congress | leader_title = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]] | leader_name = [[Huang Kunming]] | leader_title1 = Congress Chairman | leader_name1 = [[Huang Chuping (politician)|Huang Chuping]] | leader_title2 = [[Governor (China)|Governor]] | leader_name2 = [[Wang Weizhong]] | leader_title3 = Provincial [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] Chairman | leader_name3 = [[Lin Keqing]] | leader_title4 = [[National People's Congress]] Representation | leader_name4 = 169 deputies | area_footnotes = <ref name=mofcom/> | area_total_km2 = 179800 | area_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|15th]] | elevation_max_m = 1902 | elevation_max_point = [[Shikengkong]] | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_max_rank = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_min_ft = | elevation_min_rank = | population_footnotes = <ref name="stats.gov.cn">{{Cite web|date=11 May 2021|title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html|access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref> | population_total = 126,012,510 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|1st]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_rank = [[Provinces of China#List of provincial level divisions|7th]] | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition | demographics1_info1 = [[Han Chinese|Han]] – 99%<br />[[Zhuang people|Zhuang]] – 0.7%<br />[[Yao people|Yao]] – 0.2% | demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialects | demographics1_info2 = [[Cantonese]] and [[Yue Chinese|other Yue languages]], [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]], [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]], [[Swatow dialect|Swatow]], [[Chaoshan Min]], [[Leizhou Min]], [[Shaozhou Tuhua|Tuhua]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], [[Zhuang languages|Zhuang]], [[Mienic languages|Yao]] | iso_code = CN-GD | blank_name_sec1 = GDP<ref name="data2022">{{Cite web|url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|title=National Data|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]|date=1 March 2022|access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref> | blank_info_sec1 = 2022 | blank1_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Total | blank1_info_sec1 = ¥12.912 trillion ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP|1st]])<br>$1.920 trillion (nominal)<br />$3.152 trillion (PPP) | blank2_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Per capita | blank2_info_sec1 = ¥102,465 ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita|7th]])<br>$15,234 (nominal)<br>$25,016 (PPP) | blank3_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Growth | blank3_info_sec1 = {{Increase}} 1.9% | blank4_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021) | blank4_info_sec2 = 0.799<ref name="hdis">{{Cite web |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |title=Subnational Human Development Index |year=2021 |publisher=Global Data Lab China |access-date=9 April 2020}}</ref> ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI|6th]]) – {{Color|#090|high}} | website = {{Official URL}} {{In lang|zh}} | footnotes = | population_demonym = [[Cantonese people|Cantonese]], Guangdongese<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44289777|jstor = 44289777|title = Seven-Veiled Ethnicity: A Hong Kong Chinese Folk Model|last1 = Guldin|first1 = Gregory E.|journal = Journal of Chinese Studies|year = 1984|volume = 1|issue = 2|pages = 139–156}}</ref> | other_name = Canton }} '''Kanton''' manang '''Guangdong''' ([[Hata Kanton]]: 廣東省) i ma sada propinsi na adong di [[Sina|Tiongkok]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 179.800 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 126.012.510 halak (2020) <ref name="stats.gov.cn">{{Cite web|date=11 May 2021|title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html|access-date=11 May 2021|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref>. == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Sina]] 1enckskkcnzju9w08m8tvwou7388tdn 0 415 18189 12951 2026-08-22T13:41:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Chili|ᯘᯪᯞᯪ}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Chile.svg|200px|thumb|Mandera ni Chili]] [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Chile (c).svg|200px|thumb|Partanda ni Chili]] '''Chili''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Dangsina]]. Huta sabunganna marinangan di [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Dangsina-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Dangsina]] tn449h8xt64bjg6nkrk1x6tz9tq97uu 0 419 18114 13590 2026-08-22T12:58:01Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18114 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Cristina-kirchner-clarin.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|C. F. de Kirchner, di taon 2012]] '''Cristina Fernández de Kirchner''' i ma presiden ni [[Argentina]] palimapulusadahon, na manjabat sian taon 2007 sahat tu taon 2015. Cristina tubu di [[Tolosa, Buenos Aires|Tolosa]], sada kota di Argentina, tanggal 19 Februari 1953 nasalpu. {{Jujur ni ngolu-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Politikus]] [[Horong:Argentina]] [[Horong:Presiden]] omy7e4h9ybhjks9gqg7wz5jwlkznz7u 0 429 18459 16648 2026-08-22T16:54:39Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Piper betel's leaf.jpg|250px|thumb|Demban]] [[Ugasan:Piper betle leaf.jpg|200px|thumb||Gambar ni napuran]] '''Demban''' ([[Hata Indonesia]]: ''Sirih'') sanga digoari muse '''burangir''' sanga '''napuran''' i ma sada suansuanan sian [[Indonesia]] na mangolu manginsir sanga magusande tu sada batang ni hau.<ref>Mursito, B., Heru P (2002): "Tanaman Hias Berkhasiat Obat", alaman 59-60. Jakarta. Penebar Swadaya, diakses tanggal 27 Nopember 2020</ref> Molo di bagasan abahan, mangallang napuran hombar ma muse dohot [[gambir]], [[pinang]], [[timbaho]] dohot [[hapur]]. Alai molo gahat mangallang hapur, boi manega ([[periodentitis]]) mambahen sega [[ipon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beritasatu.com/kesehatan/259906-kebiasaan-menyirih-bisa-sebabkan-gigi-tanggal.html |title=Kebiasaan Menyirih Bisa Sebabkan Gigi Tanggal |author=Herman |date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Di halak [[Malayu]], napuran on dibahen gabe [[ubat]] (''fitofarmaka''), dung i dipangke muse tu acara adat rumpun Melayu. Di Indonesia, napuran on gabe suansuanan na sudung sian Propinsi [[Hapuloan Riau]]. Halak di Hapuloan Riau maniop tongtong adat mangallang napuran, sudung tu adat manambut tondong na ro tu huta ni halahi. Demban i ma suansuanan tangkasan di [[Indonesia]] na tubu manjilir manang mangusande tu kambona ni hau na asing. ==Tanda ni bona, bulung, parbue ni demban== Demban on manjilir sahat tu 15 meter timbona. Bona ni demban maruarna rata-rata dohot coklat, tingko do rupana, marruas dohot gabe inganan haruarni urat. Bulungna sada-sada songon ate-ate, marpunsu pinsur, tubu mardaka-daka, martampuk, dohot mangharuarhon uap na tabo molo dipisat. Ganjangna hira-hira 5 sahat tu 8&nbsp;cm, dohot bidangna hira-hira 2 sahat tu 5&nbsp;cm. Bungana bahat songon parbue dohot adong bulung pangondi hurang lobi 1&nbsp;mm tingo jala ganjang. Parbue na tunggal ganjangna hira-hira 1,5 sahat tu 3&nbsp;cm dohot adong bonang sari, alai di parbue borua ganjangna hira-hira 1,5 sahat tu 6&nbsp;cm didia adong tolu sahat tu lima ulu ni putik na maruarna bontar manang hunik. Parbuena tingko jala maruarna rata-rata. Uratna lingga, gonong huhut maruarna cokelat manang hunik. == Tabutabu dohot lapatan ni demban == Miak atsiri sian bulung napuran marisi miak reap (betlephenol), seskuiterpen, pati, diatase, gula dohot jat samak huhut kavikol na mangarihon gogo mamatehon binga, antioksidan, dohot limut. Napuran marpanghorhon tu bou daging na dipamullop simu dohot danpohul. Bulung napuran muse marbangko tumaon pendarahan mamalumhon lukka di laklak, dohot gangguan ponot pencernaan. Asingni, tong marbangko manghesuthon, mangharuarhon hohak, maluruhhon tijur, jala pasohon pendarahan. Somalna tu ubat igung, dipangke dua lombar bulung sogar Piper betle, dibasu, dibalun muse dipamasuk tu bagas ni igung. Asingni, bortian bahan aktif fenol dohot kavikol bulung demban pe boi digunahon ansiat pestisida suansuanan tu mamaresohon simu panghisap. Asingni, tong marbangko manghesuthon, mangharuarhon hohak, maluruhhon tijur, jala pasohon pendarahan. Somalna tu ubat igung, dipangke dua lombar bulung sogar Piper betle, dibasu, dibalun muse dipamasuk tu bagas ni igung. Asingni, bortian bahan aktif fenol dohot kavikol bulung demban pe boi digunahon ansiat pestisida suansuanan tu mamaresohon simu panghisap. ==Hagunaon ni demban== Godang do hagunaon ni demban, tarsongon: # Mandohoti di bagas hangoluan dohot angka paradaton padohot pajangkon angka tamu # Ansiat ubat tu ragam ni sahit songon batuk, panopano, sahit ngingi alani marruang, mohop, hosong, suratan na bongkak, paiashon mata, dohot lan na asing. # Ansiat ubat ruar songon lukka tutung, daring, baro, tarrungar, hansit mata, pamagohon rintop, dohot lan na asing. # Mangarihon gogo pamatehon binga, [[antioksidasi]] dohot [[fungisida]], tundal limut. # Pamagohon uap badan na haruar sian simu dohot danpohul. # Boi manahan pendarahan, mamalumhon lukka di sisik, dohot gugaan ponot pencernaan. # Boi manghesuthon, mangharuarhon hohak, maluruhhon tijur, hemostatik, dohot pasohon pendarahan. # Ansiat [[pestisida]] suansuanan tu mamaresohon simu panghisap. == Haitanna dohot Halak Batak == Demban nunga gabe pohu ni adat halak [[Batak Toba]] sian najolo. Sian najolo, dipangke do demban on di ulaon. Gomos do demban on dohot parbogason haugamoon. Adongdo muse ulaon goarna "Pasahat Demban", hasomalon on sangkam do tujuanna ansiat panghormaton tu sala sada dingkan. Tudosonna, tingki marsibuha-buhai adong 2 parsaut (parhata) ganupganup 1 parsaut sian sada bagian. Pihak paranak ma mamboan pinggan parsatabian na marisi boras, hepeng, dohot demban<ref>Wasti, Reni; Elmustian; Faizah, Hasnah (2020). "Study of General Literature in The Batak Toba Wedding Ceremony Process". ''JOM FKIP - UR Volume 7 Edisi 1 Januari - Juni 2020''.</ref>. Asing sian i, tingki marujung ngolu natoras ni hela i dipasahathon do demban tiar parsantabian dohot hatahononhon ma di jolo ni maujana na rade do paranak patupahon sulangsulang pahompu tu ari namangihut. Dungi, tingki marujung ngolu hela manang boru i, ala so mangadati dope hela dohot boru i ndang talup parboru mangadopi parmonding ni hela manang boru i. Ala ni i ingkon jolo marsomba tu hulahula marhite pasahathon demban tiar parsantabian. Adong muse do na idokna "pasahat demban saor" tu pambahenna, ima hasomalon halak Batak Toba sian najolo sahat tu sonari andorang panuhoran ulaula musik Toba. Demban saor abor 3 demban dohot hepeng, hepeng i dihapithon ma tu demban. Sonari on, molo hita bereng di huta sude do jolma boi mangallang deban. Alai somalna demban on di allang angka ina ina ni huta manang angka natua tua ni huta ale dang gabepattang ama ama manang dak danak mangallang on. Ale gabe hurang suman do di halak batak bolo ama ama mardemban. Demban on torop di pakke angka ina ina manang natua tua nihuta gabe lalap lalap ==Sara mangallang demban== "Mangallang demban dibahen dohot [[pining]], [[hapur]], [[gambir]], dohot [[timbaho]]. Mardemban nunga adong sian najolo. Molo mangallang demban nunga adong di accara adat Batak. Mangallang demban dang ingkon di accara adat. Mardemban pe boido di ari biasa. Mardemban pe boido diallang pas accara marpesta. Adong museng molo adong na ro tu jabu tutur. Alani dang na ingkon pas asara na adat mangallang demban. Molo di ari biasa pe boi do. == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] sswd6tbrawtni6fkqv5vc3eha6jkbrv 0 430 18443 17204 2026-08-22T16:45:28Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Ikan mas.jpg|thumb|Ikan Mas|right|thumb|Dengke Mas]] '''Dengke mas''' manang dengke karper ''(Cyprinus carpio)'' ima dengke aek lango na mangarihon asam mangholit ringkot huhut nga mampar di [[Indonesia]]. Di Indonesia, dengke mas pungka dipiara liat taon 1920-an. Dengke mas na adong di Indonesia marupohan dengke mas na diboan sian [[Sina]], [[Eropa]], [[Taiwan]], dohot [[Japang]]. Asing ni “dengke mas punten” dohot “dengke mas majalaya” marupahon omo pillit di Indonesia. Das tu tingki on nga tardapot 10 dengke mas na boi diidentifikasi marbingkas karakteristik morfologisnya. == Lapatan == Di Indonesia, dengke mas mangarihon sasadia goar pandok ima: * Kancra * Tikeu * Tombro * Raja * Rayo * Ameh manang goar asing dos dohot huta penyebarannya. == Sistematika dohot Morfologi == Pande Dr.A.LBuschkinel di RO.Ardiwinata di taon 1981 mambagi ragam ni dengke gabe dua, ima: * Mas na marsisik biasa * Dohot kumpai na sirip na ganjang. Na parjolo dibagi muse ragamna gabe dua, ima * Na sisikna biasa * Na sisik na gelleng Adong do dengke mas na boe sipanganon dohot na holan gabe dengke pauli. Ragam ikan mas na gok sisik ima ragam ni dengke mas na sisikna biasa, na tutur di sude dagingna. Ragam ni ikan on masuk ma tu ragam ni dengke mas majalaya, dengke mas punten, dengke mas si nyonya dohot dengke mas na rara. Jala adong do dengke mas namasuk tu ragam ni dengke mas na saotik sisikna, songon: dengke mas kaca jala didok do “mas gajah”. Molo ragam ni dengke pauli ima songon mas kumpai, mas kaca dohot mas koi. Molo sasara morfologis, dengke mas mampuna badan na agak ganjang. Pamanganna di ujung tonga na adong dua pasang sungut na gelleng. Jala andos dengke mas hungkup dohot sisik bandanna. Dang holan dengke mas pauli, dengke mas sipanganon pea dong do sisikna. == Laho pasinurhon == [[Ugasan:Cyprinus carpio.jpeg|thumb|'''Dekke Mas''' na Birong]] Adong do piga piga massam lao pabalgahon dekke on,ima * dibahen tu tobat (dibahasa indonesia Kolam) nadibahen di sada hauma na, Jala dibahen siallangonna dilean gea,dohot sipata dibahen bulung bulung paet manang bulung nalain asa gabe tontong las rohani nasida di tobat i. * Mangolu sandiri, ima di tao toba. == Sarita parhambangon di Indonesia == Pandok ni Djoko Suseno (2000), di Indonesia parjolo sahali Ihan karper marasal sian natur [[Eropa]] dohot [[Tiongko]] na laos marhambang gabe dengke budidaya na mansai ringkot. Tagan ni i, pandok ni R.O Ardiwinata (1981), dengke karper na marhambang di Indonesia dirimpu mulana marasal sian Tiongkok Selatan. Digorahon, budidaya dengke karper diboto naung marhambang di Galuh (Ciamis), Jawa Barat di parsitongaan ni abad pai-19. natorop sainganan digorahon nunga manggunahon kakaban - substrat tu pelekatan tolor dengke karper na tarbahen sian ijuk - di taon 1860, ala ni i budidaya dengke karper di tobat Galuh dipudunhon nga marhambang marpulu-pulu taon nasalpu. Angkup ni i parserahan ni dengke karper di luat Jawa na asing, didok tarjadi di parmulaan nu abat pai-20, sumurung tung tartompa "Jawa Perikanan Darat" sian "Kementrian Pertanian" (Hamakmuron) tingki i. Sian Jawa, dengke karper sihambanghon tu Bukittinggi, (Sumatra Barat) taon (1892). Ihut tu si dihombangkon di Tondano (Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara), taon 1895, Bali Selatan (Tabanan) taon 1903, Ende (Flores,NTT) taon 1932 dohot Sulawesi Selatan taon 1935. Angkup ni i, taon 1927 na dipangidoni Jawatan Perikanan Darat tingki i parohon ragam ni dengke karper sian nagari [[Bolanda]], ima Galisia ("karper gajah") laos di taon 1930 diparohon dengke parker Frankisia ("karper kaca"). Pandok ni Djoko Suseno (2000), padua ragam karper i mansai dihalomohon ni angka pangula alani sibukna na lobi tabo, suksuk, sugana otik jala parbalgana na lobi hatop dibandinghon sian ragam ras lokal na marhambang di Indonesia na sai laon. Taon 1974, songon pandok ni Djoko Suseno (2000), Indonesia mangirimhon dengke karper ras [[Taiwan]], ras [[Jerman]] dohot ras fancy carp sian [[Taiwan]], [[Jerman]], dohot [[Jepang]]. Taon 1977 Indonesia mangimpor "ikan karper ras yamato" dohot "ras koi" sian Jepang. Ragam ni ras karper na diimpor di bagas parkembanganna hape, mancai maol do diradoti alani hasasaor na dohot dengke na naoung adong di Indonesia na sai laon sampe manjadi parsilangan dohot patubuhon ragam ras na imbaru. == Aturan dohot Hasomalam ngolu == Dengke mas lomo mangolu di aek na tawar na aekna dan bagas dohot pardalan ni aek na so padoras hu, songon tii ni sunge manang tao. Dengke mas tongtong mangolu denggan di luat dohot hatimboan 150 - 600 meter di ginjang sisik ni aek laut (dpl) dohot ruas 25 - 30&nbsp;°C. Nangpe marhorong dengke aek tawar, dengke mas sipata didapothon di aek na longalonga manang muara ni sunge na bersalinitas (kadar sira) 25-30%. Dengke mas marhorong "omnivora", ima dengke na boi mangalang angka ragam ni sialangon, nang pe sian suansuanan manang binatang renik. Alai, sipanganon hadohoanna ima suansuanan manang binatang na tardapot di dasor dohot topi ni paraekon. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] m4idwcrc2u10rl3bbdod5gt79fbfzh9 0 431 18241 12356 2026-08-22T13:54:13Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18241 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Denmark.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Denmark]] '''Denmark''' i ma sada nagara di [[Eropa Utara]]. Huta sabungan ni Denmark maringanan di [[Kopenhagen]]. {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] lox5x1ixr699c5ffb9dxgmj3i3ab6uz 0 432 18242 12536 2026-08-22T13:54:14Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18242 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Der Rebbe Elimelech''' ([[Surat Heber]]: דער רבי איילימלך, [[Hata Batak Toba]]: Guru Elimelekh) i ma sada ende di hata [[Hata Yiddi|Yiddi]] na digurithon [[Moshe Nadyr]] di taon 1927.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.songsofmypeople.com/der-rebe-elimeylekh.html|title=Der Rebe Elimeylekh|first=Songs of My People|website=Song of My People|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref> == Lirik ni Ende == On ma lirik ni logu ''Der Rebbe Elimelech'';<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yidlid.org/chansons/elimelekh/|title=Der rebe Elimelekh דער רבי אײלימלך|first=Yidlid|website=Yidlid|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-02}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="12" rules="cols" style="text-align:center;" | colspan="2" |[[Hata Yiddi]] | rowspan="2" |Lapatan di hata Batak Toba |- |[[Surat Heber]] |[[Surat Latin]] |- | colspan="3" |'''Bindu Parjolo''' |- |אַז דער רבי איילימלך איז געוואָרן זייער פֿריילעך איז געוואָרן זייער פֿריילעך איילימלך האָט ער אויסגעטאָן די תּפֿילין און האָט אָנגעטאָן די ברילן און געשיקט נאָך די פֿידלערס די צוויי און די פֿידלדיקע פֿידלערס האָבן פֿידלדיק געפֿידלט האָבן פֿידלדיק געפֿידלט האָבן זיי און די פֿידלדיקע פֿידלערס האָבן פֿידלדיק געפֿידלט האָבן פֿידלדיק געפֿידלט האָבן זיי |''Az der Rebbe Eylemelekh'' ''Iz gevorn zeyer freylekh'' ''Iz gevorn zeyer freylekh Eylimelekh'' ''Hot er oysgeton di tfilin'' ''Un hot oangeton di briln'' ''Un geshikt nokh di fidlers di tsvey'' ''Un di fidldike fidlers'' ''Hobn fidldik gefidlt'' ''Hobn fidldik gefidlt hobn zey'' ''Un di fidldike fidlers'' ''Hobn fidldik gefidlt'' ''Hobn fidldik gefidlt, hobn zey'' |Di tingki [[Elimelekh sian Lizhensk|Guru Elimelekh]] Gabe mansai sonang Gabe mansai sonang Elimelekh Dibungka ibana do [[Tefilin|''tefilin'']] Huhut dibahenon hansa matana Jala nungnga ditongoshon tu dua parbiola Huhut marbiola do parbiola Nungnga diorgoshon do biola i Nungnga diorgoshon nasida do biola i Huhut marbiola do parbiola Nungnga diorgos do biola i Nungnga diorgos nasida do biola i |- | colspan="3" |'''Bindu Paduahon''' |- |און אַז דער רבי איילימלך איז געוואָרן נאָך מער פֿריילעך איז געוואָרן נאָך מער פֿריילעך איילימלך האָט ער אָפּגעמאַכט הבֿדלה מיטן שמשׂ רעב נאַפֿטאָלע און געשיקט נאָך די פּייַקלערס די צוויי און די פּייַקלדיקע פּייַקלערס האָבן פּייַקלדיק געפּייַקלט האָבן פּייַקלדיק געפּייַקלט האָבן זיי און די פּייַקלדיקע פּייַקלערס האָבן פּייַקלדיק געפּייַקלט האָבן פּייַקלדיק געפּייַקלט האָבן זיי |''Un az der Rebbe Eylimelekh'' ''Iz gevorn nokh mer freylekh'' ''Iz gevorn nokh mer freylekh Eylimelekh'' ''Hot er opgemakht Havdole'' ''Mitn shames Rebbe Naftole'' ''Un geshikt nokh di payklers di tsvey'' ''Un di paykldike payklers'' ''Hobn paykldik gepayklt'' ''Hobn paykldik gepayklt, hobn zey'' ''Un di paykldike payklers'' ''Hobn paykldik gepayklt'' ''Hobn paykldik gepayklt, hobn zey'' |Jala tingki Guru Elimelekh Gabe sumonang Gabe sumonang Elimelekh Naung pangalahonna [[Havdalah|''Havdalah'']] Dohot urupion ni Guru Naftali Jala nungnga ditongoshon tu dua pargondang Huhut margondang do pargondang Nungnga diantuk do gondang i Nungnga diantuk nasida do gondang i Huhut margondang do pargondang Nungnga dipalu do gondang i Nungnga dipalu nasida do gondang i |- | colspan="3" |'''Bindu Patoluhon''' |- |און אַז דער רבי איילימלך איז געוואָרן גאָר שטאַרק פֿריילעך איז געוואָרן גאָר שטאַרק פֿריילעך איילימלך האָט ער אויסגעטאָן דאָס קיטל און האָט אָנגעטאָן דאָס היטל און געשיקט נאָך די צימבלער די צוויי און די צימבלדיקע צימבלערס האָבן צימבלדיק געצימבלט האָבן צימבלדיק געצימבלט האָבן זיי און די צימבלדיקע צימבלערס האָבן צימבלדיק געצימבלט האָבן צימבלדיק געצימבלט האָבן זיי |''Un az der Rebbe Eylimelekh'' ''Iz gevorn gor shtark freylekh'' ''Iz gevorn gor shtark freylekh Eylimelekh'' ''Hot er oysgeton dos kitl'' ''Un hot ongeton dos hitl'' ''Un geshikt nokh di tsimbler di tsvey'' ''Un di tsimbldike tsimblres'' ''Hobn tsimbldik getsimblt'' ''Hobn tsimbldik getsimblt, hobn zey'' ''Un di tsimbldike tsimblres'' ''Hobn tsimbldik getsimblt'' ''Hobn tsimbldik getsimblt, hobn zey'' |Jala tingki Guru Elimelekh Gabe tung mansai sonang Gabe tung mansai sonang Elimelekh Dibungka ibana do abitna Huhut dibahenon topina Jala nungnga ditongoshon tu dua parsordam Huhut marsordam do parsordam Nungnga dipalu do sordamna Nungnga dipalu do simbalna Huhut marsimbal do parsimbal Nungnga dipalu do simbalna Nungnga dipalu nasida do simbalna |- | colspan="3" |'''Bindu Paopathon''' |- |און אַז דער רבי איילימלך איז געוואָרן גאָר שטאַרק פֿריילעך איז געוואָרן גאָר שטאַרק פֿריילעך איילימלך ער האָט געטאָן אַ גוטן גענעץ און געזאָגט מע דאַרף שוין מיין ניט און געשיקט די קאַפּעליע אַהיים די שיקערע קאַפּעליע פֿון ראַבען מלכ-אלי די פֿריילעכע קאַפּעליע האָט געהאָפּקעט ביז דער סטעליע און זיך פֿאַרביטן מיט די קלאַפּער-געצייַג |''Un az der rebe elimeylekh'' ''iz gevorn gor shtark freylekh,'' ''iz gevorn gor shtark freylekh elimeylekh,'' ''er hot geton a gutn genets'' ''un gezogt: me darf shoyn meyn nit!'' ''un geshikt di kapelye aheym.'' ''Di shikere kapelye'' ''fun rebn Meylekh-Elye,'' ''Di freylekhe kapelye'' ''hot gehopket biz der stelye'' ''un zikh farbitn mit di klaper-getsayg:'' |Jala tingki Guru Elimelekh Gabe tung mansai sonang Gabe tung mansai sonang Elimelekh Na tunduon do ibana huhut mandok "ndang huporluhon muse" jala dipaulak do parmusikna Sada parmusik na tenggen i ma Guru Melekh-Elia malehon hapogosan parmusik na sonang do rohana angkat tu langitlangit jala martigatiga alat musik nasida |- | colspan="3" |'''Bindu Palimahon''' |- |די פֿידלדיקע פּייַקלערס האָבן צימבלדיק געפֿידלט און בראָנפֿנדיק געגאָסן זיך מיט ווייַן די לוסטיקע קלעזמאָרים מיט פֿלעשער אונטערן אָרעם האָבן געהוליעט ביזן העלן טאָג אַרייַן ‏ וּן די פֿידלדיקע פּייַקלערס האָבן צימבלדיק געפֿידלט האָבן פּייַקלדיק געצימבלט האָבן זיי וּן די צימבלדיקע פּייַקלערס האָבן פּייַקלדיק געפֿידלט האָבן פֿידלדיק געפּייַקלט, האָבן זיי ‏ |''Di fidldike payklers'' ''hobn tsimbldik gefidlt,'' ''un bronfndik gegosn zikh mit vayn.'' ''Di lustike klezmorim'' ''mit flesher untern orem,'' ''hobn gehulyet bizn heln tog arayn'' ''un di fidldike payklers'' ''hobn tsimbldik gefidlt,'' ''hobn paykldik getsimblt hobn zey'' ''un di tsimbldike payklers'' ''hobn paykldik gefidlt'' ''hobn fidldik gepayklt, hobn zey'' |Margondang do pargondang i Nungnga dipalu do gondang i Jala ditahu ma tuakna Las roha ni parmusik na i dohot botol di tanganna Nungnga dipalu nasida do gondang i sahat madabu do nasida Huhut margondang do pargondang i Nungnga dipalu do gondangna Nungnga dipalu nasida do gondangna Huhut dipalu do gondangna Nungnga dipalu nasida do gondangna |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Musik-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu tradisional]] g9somvn956j8vyhivadpfzth2vlclsp 0 437 18471 13685 2026-08-22T17:00:30Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18471 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Medical_doctors_per_1,000_people,_OWID.svg|thumb|300px|right|Bahat ni Dokter per 1.000 halak di taon 2016.<ref>[https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/physicians-per-1000-people Medical doctors per 1,000 people], www.ourworldindata.org, 24 Juli 2021</ref>]] '''Dokter''' ([[bahasa Inggeris]]: ''medical doctor'', dipapendek '''M.D.'''; sian [[bahasa Latin]] ''medicinae doctor'') ima titel ni sasada jolma alani habinotoanna naeng pamalumhon manang mangobati angka jolma na marsahit. Asa boi mandapot titel dokter, ingkon marsingkola jo parjolo dohot marsiajar di bidang kedokteran. == Astuan == Hata "dokter" ro na sian [[bahasa Bolanda]] ima "dokter", na dibuat sian bahasa Bolanda Partongaan (''Middle Dutch'') ima "doctor", na dibuat museng sian [[bahasa Latin]] ima "''doctor''", artina guru, pangajar sanga pe instruktur.<ref>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dokter Dokter], en.wiktionary.org, 24 Juli 2021</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} == Pranala luar == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210802023525/https://idi.or.id/ Ikatan Dokter Indonesia (IDI)] * [https://dokter.co/ Dokter Dot CO] * [http://www.idionline.org/ Pengurus Besar Ikatan Dokter Indonesia (PB-IDI)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210724054758/https://ikabi.or.id/ Ikatan Ahli Bedah Indonesia] * [http://perhati-kl.or.id Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis THT-KL Indonesia (PERHATI-KL)] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parkarejoan]] [[Horong:Dokter]] 2afd9lkfzye3gzizoi33kcttv128shc 0 438 18115 15408 2026-08-22T12:58:18Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donald John Trump''' sanga itanda do panjouan goarna '''Donald Trump''' i ma presiden ni [[Amerika Serikat]] pa-45-hon, na manjabat sian taon 2016 sahat tu taon 2020. Trump tubu di [[New York]], sada kota di Amerika Serikat, tanggal 14 Juni 1946 nasalpu. ingkon goar ni istrina ima [[Melanie Trump]], istrina patoluhon, dung marsirang dua hali. Tingki so gabe presiden ni Amerika Serikat, nasida gabe halak parbisnis, sada parusahaan na dipimpin nasida ima goarna ''The Trump Organization'' na mangulahon bisnis properti. angka bisnis na lain dipadalan nasida, ima dohot bisnis hotel, kasino, parkantoran, lapangan golf, na tarsebar di bahat negara. == Pustaha == <references/> == Pranala luar == * [[Ugasan:Commons-logo.svg|link=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Donald_Trump?uselang=bbc|17x17px]] Wikimedia Commons ᯀᯑᯬᯉ᯲ᯎ᯲ ᯔᯩᯑᯪᯀ ᯔᯩᯉ᯲ᯎᯩᯉᯤ [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Donald_Trump?uselang=bbc '''''Donald Trump''''']. * [[Ugasan:Wikiquote-logo.svg|link=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Donald_Trump?uselang=bbc|16x16px]] [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Donald_Trump?uselang=bbc '''''Donald Trump'''''] ([[Hata Inggeris|Ing.]]) {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Politikus]] [[Horong:Amerika Serikat]] [[Horong:Pengusaha]] ogesimtameixi8gqpc5sehzxhjxnqdg 0 440 18477 15525 2026-08-22T17:03:42Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18477 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Pelvetia canaliculata.jpg|200px|thumb|kanan|Gombar ni ''Dúlamán''.<br> Ia do targombar di lirik loguna i ma "''Tá ceann buí óir ar an dúlaman''", lapatanna "''Dúlamán'' na marnampunahon ulu hunik sere".]] '''''Dúlamán''''' ([[Hata Irlandia]] ni ''Pelvetia canaliculata'', sada ragam ni [[limut]]) i ma sada [[logu tradisional]] ni [[Halak Irlandia]]. == Lirik logu == Na tarhubung do lirik logu ''Dúlamán'' dohot paraktek ni halak Irlandia di papunguhon limut, diulahon tu tujuan na marragam, tarmasuk pe napu, paridion jala sipanganon.<ref>Doreen McBride, ''[http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ballinagree.freeservers.com%2Fcodowngd9.html ''When Hunger Stalked the North'']'' (1994).</ref><br> Godang do persi tradisional dohot kontemporer di melodi logu nian. Persi na umboto (tarsundut sian musik tortor ni [[Skotlandia]] mamangke nada [[Strathspey (tortor)|''Strathspey'']], ''Cutting Ferns'') i ma sian [[Clannad]], direkam di taon 1976 di bagasan album [[Dúlamán (album)|''Dúlamán'']]. Di taon 1993, melodi na lobi nanget direkam [[Altan]] di bagasan album [[Island Angel|''Island Angel'']]. Musik kontemporer ni logu ''Dúlamán'' diaransmen sada [[komponis]] [[Michael McGlynn]], aransmen nian gabe logu na diendehon koor di bagasan gim [[Endless Ocean 2|'' Endless Ocean: Blue World'']] (''Advantures of the Deep in Europe'') <br> Judul logu nian dipangke di taon 2016 gabe goar ni konser musik dohot tortor ni [[Pulo Irlandia|Irlandia]] i ma [[Dúlamán - Voice of the Celts|''Dúlamán - Voice of the Celts'']].<ref>[http://www.dulamanshow.ie/ Situs resmi ni opera ''Dúlamán - Voice of the Celts''] (Di hata Inggeris)</ref> On ma ''refrain'' ni logu ''Dúlamán'' i ma:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210224201553/https://songoftheisles.com/2013/06/25/dulaman/ "David Wood" Dúlamán] dibungka di ari 19 Maret 2021</ref> ::''Dúlamán na binne buí, dúlamán Gaelach''<br> ::''Dúlamán na farraige, ‘s é b’fhearr a bhí in Éirinn''<br> Lapatanna i ma: ::Limut sian tolping na hunik, limut sian [[Pulo Irlandia|Irlandia]] ::Limut sian samudora, limut na dumenggan di Irlandia ==Rekaman na tinanda== On ma pigapiga ragam rekaman ni logu ''Dúlamán'' na naung direkam. * 1976: [[Clannad]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[Dúlamán (album)|''Dúlamán'']] * 1993: [[Altan]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[Island Angel|''Island Angel'']] * 1994: [[Pádraigín Ní Uallacháin]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[A Stór Is A Stóirín|''A Stór Is A Stóirín'']] * 1995: [[Anúna]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[Omnis|''Omnis'']] (diaransmen [[Michael McGlynn]] do musikna) * 1997: [[Chanticleer]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[Wondrous Love|''Wondrous Love'']] (diaransmen [[Michael McGlynn]] do musikna) * 1999: [[Dónal Lunny]], diputarhon di sada program ni [[Irish TV]] na mamporomosihon swastanisasi [[Telecom Éireann|''Telecom Éireann'']].<ref>Ian D. Biddle, Vanessa Knights. (2007) ''Music, National Identity and the Politics of Location : Between the Global and the Local''. London: Routledge. alaman 35. ISBN 9781138253483</ref> * 2001: [[Cantus]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul ''Let Your Voice Be Heard'' * 2003: [[Omnia]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul ''3'' * 2007: [[Celtic Woman]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[Celtic Woman: A New Journey|''A New Journey'']] (diendehon [[Méav Ní Mhaolchatha]] do loguna) * 2009: [[Omnia]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul ''World of Omnia'' * 2012: [[Celtic Thunder]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul ''Voyage'' (diaransmen [[Michael McGlynn]] do musikna) * 2012: [[Celtic Woman]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[Celtic Woman: Believe|''Believe (Edisi Jerman)'']] (diendehon [[Lisa Lambe]] do loguna) * 2012: Punguan koor ''The Vocal Consort'' di bagasan albumna na marjudul ''Incantations'' (diaransmen [[Michael McGlynn]] do musikna) * 2014: [[Celtic Woman]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[Celtic Woman: Emerald - Musical Gems|''Emerald: Musical Gems'']] (diendehon [[Lisa Lambe]]) * 2014: Di bagasan ''film'' [[Song of the Sea (film 2014)|''Song of the Sea'']] * 2016: [[Celtic Woman]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[Celtic Angels: Voices of Angels|''Voices of Angels'']] (diendehon [[Méav Ní Mhaolchatha]] do loguna) * 2018: [[Celtic Woman]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul [[Celtic Woman: Homecoming - Live from Ireland|''Homecoming'']] (diendehon [[Máiréad Carlin]]) * 2019: [[Ajeet Kaur]] di bagasan albumna na marjudul ''Indigo Sea'' (diendehon Ajeet Kaur do loguna) * 2019: ''The Choral Scholars of University College Dublin'' (Koor Mahasiswa [[Unipersitas Kolese Dublin]]) di bagasan albumna na marjudul ''Perpetual Twilight'' (diaransmen Desmond Earley do musikna) ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} ==Pangenetan== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210402223212/http://www.celticlyricscorner.net/clannad/dulaman_song.htm Lirik logu ni ''Dúlamán'' sian Clannad di taon 1976] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200711090605/http://www.celticlyricscorner.net/altan/dulaman.htm Lirik logu ni ''Dúlamán'' sian Altan di taon 1993] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130314033230/http://academic.evergreen.edu/w/williams/songs/dulaman_seaweed.html Lirik logu ''Dúlamán'' di taon 1993 dohot sara pandokanna] * [http://www.stmoroky.com/reviews/music/dulaman.htm Turiturian ni logu ''Dúlamán''] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Irlandia]] [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu tradisional]] hulbir2nkvyzz962xn1ya8b9vg4r9ec 0 444 18476 9073 2026-08-22T17:03:28Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18476 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Edgar von Wahl (cropped).jpg|197px|thumb|kanan|Gambar ni Edgar de Wahl, di taon 1927]] '''Edgar Alexei Robert von Wahl''' manang de Wahl (23 Agustus 1867 – 9 Maret 1948) ima sada guru, namalo matematika, dohot sada namalo hata Jerman Baltik. Nasida ditarbarita gabe halak na mambahen manang manompahon [[Interlingue]]. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Interlingue]] 84njr1fo2qqicagzlsoxuu9a26rmvk4 0 446 18243 12767 2026-08-22T13:58:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18243 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Ecuador.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Ekuador]] '''Ekuador''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Dangsina]]. Huta sabungan ni Ekuador maringanan di [[Quito]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Dangsina-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Dangsina]] 4qlm2rdb01vysmv35ch2t1zs82m68q2 0 448 18317 14963 2026-08-22T15:30:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Butet''' i ma sada [[ende]] ni [[Halak Batak]] sian [[Tapanuli]]. Ende i manurinurihon sada sarita ni sada ama na ihut porang mangalo Bolanda di tingki [[Agresi Militer Bolanda na Paduahon]],<ref name=":0">https://tirto.id/lirik-lagu-butet-asal-usulnya-maknanya-rindu-ayah-pada-anak-gsHB</ref> masihol do ibana di dakdanak boruna, alai songon on manurat tu boru na i do ibana sada tona. <ref name=":0" /><ref>https://medan.kompas.com/read/2022/01/29/152643478/lagu-butet-lirik-arti-dan-pesan-yang-terkandung-di-dalamnya?page=all</ref> == Turiturian == Adong do partontangan be anggo ende i. Adong do na manurinurihon molo ende on dibahen do di [[Goa Naga Timbul]] digurithon dohot diendehon disi pe,<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20231116165920/https://historia.id/kultur/articles/butet-nyanyian-pilu-di-tengah-perang-P4e7n</ref> alai adong do na manurinurihon molo ende i dibahen Siddik Sitompul. Nangpe adong do na manurinurihon lirik ni ende on saonari daong do hian. Di goa i ma parjolo hali tarbege ende on. Dang songoni hian guritna parjolo hali, ale songonon do: "Butet, di Sitahuis do amangmu ale butet. Da mancetak hepeng ORITA, ale butet." sahat tu nuaeng, dang adong halak na mamboto ise panurat ni ende on. Adong na mandokhon ende on sian inang boru Tobing na mengendehon tu boruna laho modom.<ref name=":1" /> == Lirik == ''Butet, di pangungsian do amangmu ale butet'' ''Da margurilla da mardarurat ale butet'' ''Da margurilla da mardarurat ale butet'' ''Butet, sotung ngolngolan ro hamuna ale butet'' ''Paima tona manang surat ale butet'' ''Paima tona manang surat ale butet'' ''I doge doge doge i dogei doge doge'' ''I doge doge doge i dogei doge doge'' == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Musik-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu tradisional]] psj0km9vtbb7xafcmsuc2j9r25wuo06 0 449 18474 8632 2026-08-22T17:02:56Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ensiklopedia''' ([[hata Inggeris]] : ''Encyclopaedia'' manang ''Encyclopedia'') i ma sada pustaha manang patuduhon ni pangulahon na puna pigapiga rangka ni parbinotoan manang bagian ni rangka parbinotoan na didomuon di sada inganan na komprehensif. Hata "ensiklopedia" tarsundut sian [[hata Junani]] i ma ''enkyklios paideia'' ([[Surat Junani]] : ἐγκύκλιος παιδεία) lapatanonna "hatopan ni parguruan", sian ''enkyklios'' (ἐγκύκλιος ) na marlapatan "hatopan" jala ''paedia'' (παιδεία) na marlapatan "parguran manang pangajaran"; jadi ''enkyklios paideia'' ni an boi do dilapatanon gabe "parbinotoan na singkop." == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} o13j10csaqf2bd5xxl746ighaietqcw 0 450 18350 17144 2026-08-22T15:53:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Eropa|ᯀᯩᯒᯬᯇ}} [[Ugasan:Europe orthographic Caucasus Urals boundary (with borders).svg|thumb|Peta ni banua Eropa]] '''Eropa''' ([[Surat Batak]]:ᯀᯩᯒᯬᯇ) i ma sada banua na maringanan di bagian Utara ni [[Banua Tonga]]. Bidang ni banua Eropa i ma 10,180,000 kilometer persegi (3,930,000 mil persegi) dohot 746,419,440 do populasina di taon 2018. Eropa i ma parmulaan ni [[peradaban pastima]] na dimulahon sian [[Junani na Robi]] dohot [[Romawi na Robi]]. ==Pustaha== {{commons|Category:Europe}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Geograpi]] [[Horong:Banua]] [[Horong:Eropa]] qqhn7kmi2ku4fn8te7m243qd9mi4jrg 0 451 18245 12394 2026-08-22T13:58:23Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18245 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Estonia'''<br>'''''Eesti Vabariik'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Estonia.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Estonia.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br> ''[[Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm]]'' |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:US Navy band - National anthem of Estonia.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:EU-Estonia.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Estonia di Eropa |} [[Ugasan:Eesti maakonnad 2006 blue.svg|200px|thumb|sampulu lima ''county'' na adong di Estonia.]] '''Estonia''' ([[Hata Estonia]] : ''Eesti''), goar resmina '''Republik Estonia''' (Hata Estonia : ''Eesti Vabariik''), i ma sada nagara di [[Eropa Utara]]. Marbatasan dohot [[Londut Pinlandia]] na salpu sian [[Pinlandia]] di utara, [[Laut Baltik]] na salpu sian [[Swedia]] di hasundutan, [[Latvia]] di dangsina jala [[Tao Peipus]] dohot [[Rusia]] di habinsaran.<br> [[Tallinn]] do huta sabungan jala kota na umbalga ni Estonia. == Pustaha == {{Eropa-stub}} {{commons|Category:Estonia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] in3pb2dehul8nu6hhmxi0zc85vmaxuq 0 452 18246 12064 2026-08-22T13:58:25Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18246 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Demokratik Federal Etiopia'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Emblem of Ethiopia.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan : <br>[[Wodefit Gesgeshi Widd Innat Ityopp'ya|''Wodefit Gesgeshi Widd Innat Ityopp'ya'']] <br> ([[Surat Ge'ez]] : ወደፊት ገስግሺ ፣ ውድ እናት ኢትዮጵያ) |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Wedefit Gesgeshi Widd Innat Ittyoppya.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Etiopia |} [[Ugasan:Wonchi Lake of Ethiopia.jpg|300px|thumb|right|[[Tao Wonchi]]]] [[Ugasan:Addis Abeba07 (Sam Effron).jpg|300px|thumb|right|Dalan di Addis Ababa]] '''Etiopia''' ([[Hata Amhara]] : ኢትዮጵያ, ''ʾĪtyōṗṗyā'', [[Hata Afar]] : ''Itiyoophiyaa'', [[Hata Ge'ez]] : ኢትዮጵያ, [[Hata Oromo]] : ''Itoophiyaa'', [[Hata Somali]] : ''Itoobiya'', [[Hata Tigrinya]] : ኢትዮጵያ), goar resmina i ma '''Republik Demokratik Federal Etiopia''', i ma sada nagara na maringanan di luat [[Tanduk ni Afrika]]. Huta sabungan ni Etiopia maringanan di [[Addis Ababa]] jala pusok administrasi ni [[Uni Afrika]]. ==Pustaha== {{Afrika-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Aprika]] n1feek8algnehqw0dd31fknx7j04fq6 0 453 18247 16215 2026-08-22T13:58:27Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Felcsút|ᯇᯩᯞ᯲ᯘᯮᯖ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Blason ville hu FELCSÚT.svg|thumb|right|200px|Partanda ni Felcsút]] [[Ugasan:Felcsút_légi_fotó.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Felcsút]] '''Felcsút''' i ma sada [[huta]] na maringanan di [[Fejér]], [[Hungaria]]. Bidang ni tanona i ma 22,02 km², jala godang ni ruasna i ma 1.688 halak (2004). ==Pustaha== {{Hungaria-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Hungaria]] 5tgx62rk8b695b8svv3e3uy6omenwmo 0 455 18473 13451 2026-08-22T17:02:30Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18473 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Fujian | native_name = {{Lang|zh-Hans-CN|福建}} | official_name = Province of Fujian | settlement_type = [[Province of China|Province]] | translit_lang1 = Name | translit_lang1_type = {{Nobold|Chinese}} | translit_lang1_info = {{Lang|zh-Hans-CN|福建省}} ({{Transliteration|zh|Fújiàn Shěng}}) | translit_lang1_type1 = {{Nobold|Abbreviation}} | translit_lang1_info1 = FJ / {{Lang|zh-hans|{{Linktext|閩}}}} (pinyin: {{Transliteration|zh|Mǐn, POJ: Bân}}) | translit_lang1_type2 = {{Nobold|[[Fuzhou dialect|Foochow]]}} | translit_lang1_info2 = {{Transliteration|cdo|Hók-gióng}} | translit_lang1_type3 = {{Nobold|[[Hokkien]] [[Peh-oe-ji|POJ]]}} | translit_lang1_info3 = {{Transliteration|nan|Hok-kiàn}} | image_skyline = {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = China Fujian Yongding Tulou Tianhou Palace.jpg | image2 = Snail pit tulou.jpg | image3 = Dagger - Flickr - Jaykhuang.jpg | image4 = Tianwangdian.jpg | image5 = 黄巷西向.jpg }} | image_caption = {{Center|(clockwise from top){{Flatlist| * Fujian Tianhou Palace * [[Xiamen]], [[skyline]] * [[Sanfang Qixiang|Three Lanes and Seven Alleys]] * [[South Putuo Temple]] * [[Fujian tulou]]}} }} | image_map = Fujian in China (+all claims hatched).svg | mapsize = 275px | map_caption = Map showing the location of Fujian province | coordinates = {{Coord|25.9|N|118.3|E|type:adm1st|format=dms|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{PRC}} <br> {{ROC}} (Kinmen, Matsu and Wuqiu){{NoteTag|name=Fuchien Province, Republic of China|As a result of the Chinese Civil War, a small proportion of Historical Fujian is now within the Republic of China (ROC). The Fujian province of the ROC consists of three offshore archipelagos namely the Kinmen Islands, the Matsu Islands and the Wuqiu Islands. See [[Fuchien Province, Republic of China]] for more details.}} | named_for = {{Linktext|lang=zh|福}} {{Transliteration|zh|Fú}}: [[Fuzhou]]<br />{{Linktext|lang=zh|建}} {{Transliteration|zh|Jiàn}}: [[Jianzhou (Fujian)|Jianzhou]] | established_title = [[Administrative divisions of the Tang dynasty#Tang dynasty circuits|Jiangnandong Circuit]] | established_date = 626 | established_title2 = [[Fujian Circuit]] | established_date2 = 985 | established_title3 = Partition of [[Taiwan under Qing rule|Taiwan]] | established_date3 = 1887 | established_title4 = [[Fujian People's Government]] | established_date4 = 1933–1934 | established_title5 = [[Battle of Guningtou|Division of Fujian]] | established_date5 = 17 August 1949 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Fuzhou]] | seat1_type = Largest city | seat1 = [[Quanzhou]] | parts_type = Divisions<br />&nbsp;- [[Prefecture-level divisions of China|Prefecture-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[County-level division|County-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|Township-<br />level]] | parts = <br />[[List of administrative divisions of Fujian|9 prefectures]]<br />84 counties{{NoteTag|name=n1|These are the official PRC numbers as of 2022 from Fujian Provincial Statistic Bureau. [[Quemoy]] is included as a county and [[Matsu Islands|Matsu]] as a township.}}<br />1102 towns and subdistricts{{NoteTag|name=n1}} | government_type = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | governing_body = [[Fujian Provincial People's Congress]] | leader_title = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]] | leader_name = [[Zhou Zuyi]] | leader_title1 = [[Fujian Provincial People's Congress|Congress]] Chairman | leader_name1 = Zhou Zuyi | leader_title2 = [[Governor (China)|Governor]] | leader_name2 = [[Zhao Long]] | leader_title3 = Provincial [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] Chairman | leader_name3 = [[Teng Jiacai]] | leader_title4 = [[National People's Congress]] Representation | leader_name4 = 74 deputies | area_footnotes = <ref name="mofcom">{{Cite web |title=Doing Business in China - Survey |url=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |publisher=Ministry Of Commerce - People's Republic Of China |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |archive-date=August 5, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref>{{NoteTag|If included the islands of [[Kinmen County|Kinmen]], [[Matsu Island|Matsu]] and [[Wuqiu, Kinmen|Wuqiu]], claimed by the PRC but administered by the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (ROC) as part of its streamlined [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fujian Province]], the total area overall is {{Convert|121580|km2|sqmi}} in Fujian.}} | area_total_km2 = 121400 | area_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|23rd]] | elevation_max_m = 2158 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Huanggang|Mt. Huanggang]] | elevation_max_rank = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_min_rank = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |date = 11 May 2021 |title = Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date = 11 May 2021 |publisher = [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-date = October 1, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211001130717/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |url-status = live }}</ref> | population_total = 41,540,086 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|15th]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density|14th]] | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition | demographics1_info1 = [[Han Chinese|Han]] – 98%<br/>[[She people|She]] – 1%<br/>[[Hui people|Hui]] – 0.3% | demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialects | demographics1_info2 = [[Min Chinese|Min]] (inc. [[Fuzhounese]], [[Eastern Min]], [[Northern Min]], [[Central Min]], [[Pu-Xian Min]], [[Hokkien]] and others), [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]], [[She language|She]], [[Hakka language|Hakka]] | iso_code = CN-FJ | blank_name_sec1 = GDP<ref name="data2022">{{Cite web|url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|title=National Data|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]|date=1 March 2022|access-date=23 March 2022|archive-date=January 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109073448/http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|url-status=live}}</ref> | blank_info_sec1 = 2022 | blank1_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Total | blank1_info_sec1 = ¥5.31 trillion ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP|8th]])<br>$790 billion (nominal) | blank2_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Per capita | blank2_info_sec1 = ¥126,829 ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita|4th]])<br />$18,856 (nominal) | blank3_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Growth | blank3_info_sec1 = {{Increase}} 4.7% | blank4_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021) | blank4_info_sec2 = 0.775<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab|website=globaldatalab.org|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015724/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI|9th]]) – {{Color|#090|high}} | website = {{Official URL}} {{In lang|zh}} | footnotes = }} '''Hokkien''' manang '''Fujian''' ([[Hata Mandarin]]: 福建省) i ma sada propinsi na adong di [[Sina|Tiongkok]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 121,400 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 41,540,086 halak (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date = 11 May 2021 |title = Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date = 11 May 2021 |publisher = [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref>. == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Sina]] r0tyh23kgok3fwpqe3p3m1zs0bl48pr 18554 18473 2026-08-22T19:16:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control dohot manambahi reflist 18554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Fujian | native_name = {{Lang|zh-Hans-CN|福建}} | official_name = Province of Fujian | settlement_type = [[Province of China|Province]] | translit_lang1 = Name | translit_lang1_type = {{Nobold|Chinese}} | translit_lang1_info = {{Lang|zh-Hans-CN|福建省}} ({{Transliteration|zh|Fújiàn Shěng}}) | translit_lang1_type1 = {{Nobold|Abbreviation}} | translit_lang1_info1 = FJ / {{Lang|zh-hans|{{Linktext|閩}}}} (pinyin: {{Transliteration|zh|Mǐn, POJ: Bân}}) | translit_lang1_type2 = {{Nobold|[[Fuzhou dialect|Foochow]]}} | translit_lang1_info2 = {{Transliteration|cdo|Hók-gióng}} | translit_lang1_type3 = {{Nobold|[[Hokkien]] [[Peh-oe-ji|POJ]]}} | translit_lang1_info3 = {{Transliteration|nan|Hok-kiàn}} | image_skyline = {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = China Fujian Yongding Tulou Tianhou Palace.jpg | image2 = Snail pit tulou.jpg | image3 = Dagger - Flickr - Jaykhuang.jpg | image4 = Tianwangdian.jpg | image5 = 黄巷西向.jpg }} | image_caption = {{Center|(clockwise from top){{Flatlist| * Fujian Tianhou Palace * [[Xiamen]], [[skyline]] * [[Sanfang Qixiang|Three Lanes and Seven Alleys]] * [[South Putuo Temple]] * [[Fujian tulou]]}} }} | image_map = Fujian in China (+all claims hatched).svg | mapsize = 275px | map_caption = Map showing the location of Fujian province | coordinates = {{Coord|25.9|N|118.3|E|type:adm1st|format=dms|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{PRC}} <br> {{ROC}} (Kinmen, Matsu and Wuqiu){{NoteTag|name=Fuchien Province, Republic of China|As a result of the Chinese Civil War, a small proportion of Historical Fujian is now within the Republic of China (ROC). The Fujian province of the ROC consists of three offshore archipelagos namely the Kinmen Islands, the Matsu Islands and the Wuqiu Islands. See [[Fuchien Province, Republic of China]] for more details.}} | named_for = {{Linktext|lang=zh|福}} {{Transliteration|zh|Fú}}: [[Fuzhou]]<br />{{Linktext|lang=zh|建}} {{Transliteration|zh|Jiàn}}: [[Jianzhou (Fujian)|Jianzhou]] | established_title = [[Administrative divisions of the Tang dynasty#Tang dynasty circuits|Jiangnandong Circuit]] | established_date = 626 | established_title2 = [[Fujian Circuit]] | established_date2 = 985 | established_title3 = Partition of [[Taiwan under Qing rule|Taiwan]] | established_date3 = 1887 | established_title4 = [[Fujian People's Government]] | established_date4 = 1933–1934 | established_title5 = [[Battle of Guningtou|Division of Fujian]] | established_date5 = 17 August 1949 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Fuzhou]] | seat1_type = Largest city | seat1 = [[Quanzhou]] | parts_type = Divisions<br />&nbsp;- [[Prefecture-level divisions of China|Prefecture-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[County-level division|County-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|Township-<br />level]] | parts = <br />[[List of administrative divisions of Fujian|9 prefectures]]<br />84 counties{{NoteTag|name=n1|These are the official PRC numbers as of 2022 from Fujian Provincial Statistic Bureau. [[Quemoy]] is included as a county and [[Matsu Islands|Matsu]] as a township.}}<br />1102 towns and subdistricts{{NoteTag|name=n1}} | government_type = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | governing_body = [[Fujian Provincial People's Congress]] | leader_title = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]] | leader_name = [[Zhou Zuyi]] | leader_title1 = [[Fujian Provincial People's Congress|Congress]] Chairman | leader_name1 = Zhou Zuyi | leader_title2 = [[Governor (China)|Governor]] | leader_name2 = [[Zhao Long]] | leader_title3 = Provincial [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] Chairman | leader_name3 = [[Teng Jiacai]] | leader_title4 = [[National People's Congress]] Representation | leader_name4 = 74 deputies | area_footnotes = <ref name="mofcom">{{Cite web |title=Doing Business in China - Survey |url=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |publisher=Ministry Of Commerce - People's Republic Of China |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |archive-date=August 5, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref>{{NoteTag|If included the islands of [[Kinmen County|Kinmen]], [[Matsu Island|Matsu]] and [[Wuqiu, Kinmen|Wuqiu]], claimed by the PRC but administered by the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (ROC) as part of its streamlined [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fujian Province]], the total area overall is {{Convert|121580|km2|sqmi}} in Fujian.}} | area_total_km2 = 121400 | area_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|23rd]] | elevation_max_m = 2158 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Huanggang|Mt. Huanggang]] | elevation_max_rank = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_min_rank = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |date = 11 May 2021 |title = Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date = 11 May 2021 |publisher = [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-date = October 1, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211001130717/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |url-status = live }}</ref> | population_total = 41,540,086 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|15th]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density|14th]] | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition | demographics1_info1 = [[Han Chinese|Han]] – 98%<br/>[[She people|She]] – 1%<br/>[[Hui people|Hui]] – 0.3% | demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialects | demographics1_info2 = [[Min Chinese|Min]] (inc. [[Fuzhounese]], [[Eastern Min]], [[Northern Min]], [[Central Min]], [[Pu-Xian Min]], [[Hokkien]] and others), [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]], [[She language|She]], [[Hakka language|Hakka]] | iso_code = CN-FJ | blank_name_sec1 = GDP<ref name="data2022">{{Cite web|url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|title=National Data|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]|date=1 March 2022|access-date=23 March 2022|archive-date=January 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109073448/http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|url-status=live}}</ref> | blank_info_sec1 = 2022 | blank1_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Total | blank1_info_sec1 = ¥5.31 trillion ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP|8th]])<br>$790 billion (nominal) | blank2_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Per capita | blank2_info_sec1 = ¥126,829 ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita|4th]])<br />$18,856 (nominal) | blank3_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Growth | blank3_info_sec1 = {{Increase}} 4.7% | blank4_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021) | blank4_info_sec2 = 0.775<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab|website=globaldatalab.org|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015724/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI|9th]]) – {{Color|#090|high}} | website = | footnotes = }} '''Hokkien''' manang '''Fujian''' ([[Hata Mandarin]]: 福建省) i ma sada propinsi na adong di [[Sina|Tiongkok]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 121,400 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 41,540,086 halak (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date = 11 May 2021 |title = Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date = 11 May 2021 |publisher = [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref>. == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Sina]] edw0i6v4x4xrv3mp2ky9v11rrx5ni90 18555 18554 2026-08-22T19:17:14Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi Pustaha > reflist 18555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Fujian | native_name = {{Lang|zh-Hans-CN|福建}} | official_name = Province of Fujian | settlement_type = [[Province of China|Province]] | translit_lang1 = Name | translit_lang1_type = {{Nobold|Chinese}} | translit_lang1_info = {{Lang|zh-Hans-CN|福建省}} ({{Transliteration|zh|Fújiàn Shěng}}) | translit_lang1_type1 = {{Nobold|Abbreviation}} | translit_lang1_info1 = FJ / {{Lang|zh-hans|{{Linktext|閩}}}} (pinyin: {{Transliteration|zh|Mǐn, POJ: Bân}}) | translit_lang1_type2 = {{Nobold|[[Fuzhou dialect|Foochow]]}} | translit_lang1_info2 = {{Transliteration|cdo|Hók-gióng}} | translit_lang1_type3 = {{Nobold|[[Hokkien]] [[Peh-oe-ji|POJ]]}} | translit_lang1_info3 = {{Transliteration|nan|Hok-kiàn}} | image_skyline = {{Multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = China Fujian Yongding Tulou Tianhou Palace.jpg | image2 = Snail pit tulou.jpg | image3 = Dagger - Flickr - Jaykhuang.jpg | image4 = Tianwangdian.jpg | image5 = 黄巷西向.jpg }} | image_caption = {{Center|(clockwise from top){{Flatlist| * Fujian Tianhou Palace * [[Xiamen]], [[skyline]] * [[Sanfang Qixiang|Three Lanes and Seven Alleys]] * [[South Putuo Temple]] * [[Fujian tulou]]}} }} | image_map = Fujian in China (+all claims hatched).svg | mapsize = 275px | map_caption = Map showing the location of Fujian province | coordinates = {{Coord|25.9|N|118.3|E|type:adm1st|format=dms|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{PRC}} <br> {{ROC}} (Kinmen, Matsu and Wuqiu){{NoteTag|name=Fuchien Province, Republic of China|As a result of the Chinese Civil War, a small proportion of Historical Fujian is now within the Republic of China (ROC). The Fujian province of the ROC consists of three offshore archipelagos namely the Kinmen Islands, the Matsu Islands and the Wuqiu Islands. See [[Fuchien Province, Republic of China]] for more details.}} | named_for = {{Linktext|lang=zh|福}} {{Transliteration|zh|Fú}}: [[Fuzhou]]<br />{{Linktext|lang=zh|建}} {{Transliteration|zh|Jiàn}}: [[Jianzhou (Fujian)|Jianzhou]] | established_title = [[Administrative divisions of the Tang dynasty#Tang dynasty circuits|Jiangnandong Circuit]] | established_date = 626 | established_title2 = [[Fujian Circuit]] | established_date2 = 985 | established_title3 = Partition of [[Taiwan under Qing rule|Taiwan]] | established_date3 = 1887 | established_title4 = [[Fujian People's Government]] | established_date4 = 1933–1934 | established_title5 = [[Battle of Guningtou|Division of Fujian]] | established_date5 = 17 August 1949 | seat_type = Capital | seat = [[Fuzhou]] | seat1_type = Largest city | seat1 = [[Quanzhou]] | parts_type = Divisions<br />&nbsp;- [[Prefecture-level divisions of China|Prefecture-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[County-level division|County-level]]<br />&nbsp;- [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|Township-<br />level]] | parts = <br />[[List of administrative divisions of Fujian|9 prefectures]]<br />84 counties{{NoteTag|name=n1|These are the official PRC numbers as of 2022 from Fujian Provincial Statistic Bureau. [[Quemoy]] is included as a county and [[Matsu Islands|Matsu]] as a township.}}<br />1102 towns and subdistricts{{NoteTag|name=n1}} | government_type = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | governing_body = [[Fujian Provincial People's Congress]] | leader_title = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]] | leader_name = [[Zhou Zuyi]] | leader_title1 = [[Fujian Provincial People's Congress|Congress]] Chairman | leader_name1 = Zhou Zuyi | leader_title2 = [[Governor (China)|Governor]] | leader_name2 = [[Zhao Long]] | leader_title3 = Provincial [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] Chairman | leader_name3 = [[Teng Jiacai]] | leader_title4 = [[National People's Congress]] Representation | leader_name4 = 74 deputies | area_footnotes = <ref name="mofcom">{{Cite web |title=Doing Business in China - Survey |url=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |publisher=Ministry Of Commerce - People's Republic Of China |access-date=5 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130805091244/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/zt_business/lanmub/ |archive-date=August 5, 2013 |df=mdy }}</ref>{{NoteTag|If included the islands of [[Kinmen County|Kinmen]], [[Matsu Island|Matsu]] and [[Wuqiu, Kinmen|Wuqiu]], claimed by the PRC but administered by the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] (ROC) as part of its streamlined [[Fujian Province, Republic of China|Fujian Province]], the total area overall is {{Convert|121580|km2|sqmi}} in Fujian.}} | area_total_km2 = 121400 | area_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|23rd]] | elevation_max_m = 2158 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Huanggang|Mt. Huanggang]] | elevation_max_rank = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_min_rank = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |date = 11 May 2021 |title = Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date = 11 May 2021 |publisher = [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-date = October 1, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211001130717/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |url-status = live }}</ref> | population_total = 41,540,086 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|15th]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density|14th]] | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition | demographics1_info1 = [[Han Chinese|Han]] – 98%<br/>[[She people|She]] – 1%<br/>[[Hui people|Hui]] – 0.3% | demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialects | demographics1_info2 = [[Min Chinese|Min]] (inc. [[Fuzhounese]], [[Eastern Min]], [[Northern Min]], [[Central Min]], [[Pu-Xian Min]], [[Hokkien]] and others), [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]], [[She language|She]], [[Hakka language|Hakka]] | iso_code = CN-FJ | blank_name_sec1 = GDP<ref name="data2022">{{Cite web|url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|title=National Data|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]|date=1 March 2022|access-date=23 March 2022|archive-date=January 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109073448/http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|url-status=live}}</ref> | blank_info_sec1 = 2022 | blank1_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Total | blank1_info_sec1 = ¥5.31 trillion ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP|8th]])<br>$790 billion (nominal) | blank2_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Per capita | blank2_info_sec1 = ¥126,829 ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita|4th]])<br />$18,856 (nominal) | blank3_name_sec1 = &nbsp;– Growth | blank3_info_sec1 = {{Increase}} 4.7% | blank4_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021) | blank4_info_sec2 = 0.775<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab|website=globaldatalab.org|access-date=2021-12-31|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015724/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by HDI|9th]]) – {{Color|#090|high}} | website = | footnotes = }} '''Hokkien''' manang '''Fujian''' ([[Hata Mandarin]]: 福建省) i ma sada propinsi na adong di [[Sina|Tiongkok]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 121,400 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 41,540,086 halak (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date = 11 May 2021 |title = Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date = 11 May 2021 |publisher = [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref>. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Sina]] ju2etft6tp7z5ven1ai67um07emw5jd 0 456 18248 14222 2026-08-22T13:58:28Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Gaja|ᯎᯐ}} [[Ugasan:African Bush Elephant.jpg|thumb|Gaja aprika]] '''Gaja''' ([[goar binomial]] : ''Elephantidae'') i ma [[binatang]] [[mamalia]] na balga. Gaja i ma binatang [[herbipora]] na mian di ragam inganan, di [[sabana]], [[harangan]], [[halongonan]], dohot [[pangiranan]]. {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] 6gfl945frqid3eplgpy3f88xj2yq0ih 0 458 18249 12607 2026-08-22T13:58:28Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18249 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Starr 050826-4195 Musa sp..jpg|thumb|Hau ni gaol]] '''Gaol''' i ma goar na somal dilehon tu suansuanan [[Terna]] bolon na balga situtu bulungna. Marpigapiga ragamna adong do na marparbue jala boi dipangan. Mararirang dohot marhoronghorong do parbue ni gaol. Somalna parbue ni gaol na matoras hunik do punsana, nang pe adong pigapiga na marrara, marrata, agia andos marbirong. {{Suansuanan-stub}} {{Parbue-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] [[Horong:Parbue]] odsdlxoh0b3a97n7suekt511ucou789 0 468 18458 14329 2026-08-22T16:54:36Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18458 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Biological_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg|right|150px|Klasifikasi ni genus]] '''Genus''' (jamak '''genera''') ima [[peringkat taksonomi]] nadipangke lao mambahen [[klasipikasi biologis]] ni sude namangolu dohot bangke sanga posil ni [[organisme]] dohot museng klaripikasi sel ni pirus.<ref name = "ICTV">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190403145858/https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/w/ictv-taxonomy ICTV Taxonomy] (2017), International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, 6 September 2021</ref> Di bagasan hirarki klasipikasi biologis, genus adong di ginjang ni [[spesies]] dohot di toru ni [[Tondong (taksonomi)|tondong]]. Dung i, di bagasan [[nomenklatur binomial]], goar ni genus gabe na parjolo goar ni spesies binomial tu sude spesies di bagasan genus. :Misalna. ''[[Panthera leo]]'' (Singa) dohot ''[[Panthera onca]]'' (Jaguar) ima dua species namasuk tu genus ''[[Panthera]]''. ''Panthera'' ima sada genus di bagasan tondong ni [[Felidae]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Biologi]] oyw1ja1f6pk0h17t3al28ko6zfwf26d 0 469 18349 3896 2026-08-22T15:53:06Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18349 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Map_of_the_world_by_the_US_Gov_as_of_2016_no_legend.svg|right|thumb|350px|Gombar ni peta]] '''Geograpi''' (sian [[hata Junani]] : γεωγραφία, ''geographia'', lapatananna : turiturian ni banua tonga) i ma parbinotoan na mamparsiajari inganan jala hadoson dohot ragam ni bilut di hajadian ni fisik jala manisia di banua tonga on. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Geograpi]] [[Horong:Parbinotoan]] 4q6z9m447in6385t7znndik9osvjb7u 0 470 18250 13028 2026-08-22T13:58:30Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18250 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:GBKP KM.4 Padang Bulan, Klasis Medan Delitua 01.jpg|right|thumb|Gareja GBKP KM 4 di Padang Bulan, Medan]] '''Gereja Batak Karo Protestan''' (GBKP) i ma sada huria Protestan sian luat [[Batak Karo]] na jongjong di taon 1890 jala markantor pusat di [[Kabanjahe, Karo|Kota Kabanjahe]]. Sahat ro di tingki on, ruas ni GBKP nunga adong tartolu ratus sampulu ribu halak toropna na marserak di pigapiga luat di Indonesia, tarlumobi di Tano Karo.{{porlu pustaha}} {{Kristen-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Batak Karo]] [[Horong:Kristen]] [[Horong:Huria]] gkm7hhcvjm3j43re2ilw6wwox2vt3cn 0 472 18251 12295 2026-08-22T13:58:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18251 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:GKPI Pakpahan, Res. Pangaribuan.jpg|right|thumb|Gareja ni Gereja Kristen Protestan Indonesia di [[Pangaribuan, Tapanuli Utara|Pangaribuan]].]] '''Gereja Kristen Protestan Indonesia''' (GKPI) i ma sada huria Protestan da adong di Indonesia. Jongjong ditanggal 30 Agustus 1964 jala markantor di [[Kota Pematangsiantar]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. Hatopanna halak [[Batak Toba]] do ruas ni Huria GKPI on. {{Kristen-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Kristen]] [[Horong:Huria]] kzaaxkq7dkwrq7t22bojt0btuf1nwj8 0 473 18252 16995 2026-08-22T13:58:32Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak inpo ugamo |imagewidth= 120 px |name = Gereja Kristen Protestan Pakpak Dairi |image = |caption = |main_classification = [[Lutheran]] |leader = [[Bishop]]: Pdt. Mangara Sinamo, M.Th <ref name="ref5">https://gkppdpusat.org/pimpinan-pusat/ </ref><br> [[Sekjen]]: Pdt. Asalma Berutu, S.Th, M.PdK |founded_date = [[25 Agustus]] [[1991]] |founded_place = [[Sumatera Utara]] |separated_from = [[HKBP]] |language = [[Bahasa Batak Pakpak|Batak Pakpak/Dairi]] |parent = |merger = |separations = |area = [[Indonesia]] |congregations = |members = 43.322 halak |footnotes = |website = gkppdpusat.org }} [[Ugasan:GKPPD Pematangsiantar, Res. Medan I (01).jpg|left|thumb|Gareja GKPPD na adong di Kota Pematangsiantar]] '''Gereja Kristen Protestan Pakpak Dairi''' (GKPPD) i ma sada huria Protestan sian luat [[Pakpak Dairi]]. Jongjong taon 1991 ala panjaeon sian [[Huria Kristen Batak Protestan|HKBP]], tagan manjae margoar HKBP-SPO (Simerkata Pakpak Otonom) do huria on, jala sahat tu sadarion markantor pusat di [[Sidikalang, Dairi|Kota Sidikalang]]. Bishop na parjolo i ma Pandita E.J. Solin. Sahat tu tingki on ruas ni GKPPD nunga adong hirahira tolu pulu lima ribu halak toropna na marserak di pigapiga luat di Indonesia, tarlumobi di Tano Pakpak Dairi. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Kristen-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Batak Pakpak]] [[Horong:Kristen]] [[Horong:Huria]] j6zrfnqtwhkijp7f3gloia1tc4458lw 0 474 18253 17018 2026-08-22T13:58:34Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Christian denomination |imagewidth=150px |name = Gereja Kristen Protestan Simalungun |image = |caption = |main_classification = [[Protestan]], [[Lutheran]] | polity = [[Presbiterial Sinodal]] |leader = [[Ephorus]] Pdt. John Christian Saragih, S.Th, M.Sc.<ref name=SSB46_12>Keputusan Synode Bolon GKPS ke-46 No. 12/SSB/46/2025, tentang: Penetapan Ephorus GKPS Periode 2025-2030, tertanggal 5 Juli 2025.</ref> |founded_date = 1 September 1963 |founded_place = [[Kota Pematangsiantar|Pematang Siantar]], [[Sumatera Utara]] |separated_from = [[Huria Kristen Batak Protestan]] |parent = |merger = |separations = |area = [[Indonesia]] |congregations = 624 jemaat |members = 383.000 halak |footnotes = |website = {{URL|gkps.or.id}} |nursing_homes=[[Panti Asuhan BKM GKPS]] , [[Panti Karya Remaja GKPS]]|hospitals=[[Rumah Sakit GKPS Pematang Raya]] , [[Rumah Sakit Bethesda GKPS Saribudolok]]|youth_community=Pemuda GKPS|primary_schools=[[SD Swasta GKPS]]|secondary_schools=[[SMP Swasta GKPS]] , [[SMA Swasta GKPS]] , [[SMK Swasta GKPS]]|headquarters=Siantar Utara, Kota Pematangsiantar.|ministers=310 Pendeta}} [[Ugasan:Kantor Pusat GKPS 01.jpg|upright=1.25|thumb|Kantor Pusat GKPS di Kota Pematangsiantar]] '''Gereja Kristen Protestan Simalungun''' (GKPS) i ma sada huria Protestan sian luat [[Batak Simalungun]]. Jongjong taon 1963 ala panjaeon sian [[Huria Kristen Batak Protestan|HKBP]], tagan manjae margoar HKBP-S do huria on, jala sahat tu sadarion markantor pusat di [[Kota Pematang Siantar]]. Ephorus na parjolo i ma Pandita Jenus Purba Siboro. Sahat tu tingki on ruas ni GKPS nunga adong hirahira dua ratus ribu halak toropna na marserak di pigapiga luat di Indonesia, tarlumobi di Tano Simalungun. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Kristen-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Batak Simalungun]] [[Horong:Huria di Indonesia]] [[Horong:Kristen]] [[Horong:Huria]] 3udbwc9jmc4jkncm97xzk4aju2q63fj 0 477 18454 13292 2026-08-22T16:54:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Gibran Rakabuming 2024 official portrait.jpg|thumb|Gibran Rakabuming, di taon 2019]] [[Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo|K. P. H.]] '''Gibran Rakabuming Raka''', [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]] somal dijou '''Gibran''' (tubu di [[Kota Surakarta|Surakarta]], [[Jawa Tonga]] tanggal 1 Oktober 1987) ima walikota ni [[Surakarta]] na papituhon. Tarpillit ni nasida di taon 2020, gabe nasida ma anak peresiden [[Joko Widodo]]. Tanggal 20 Oktober 2024, resmi ma nasida ditabalhon gabe [[Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia]], mandongani Presiden [[Prabowo Subianto]]. == Hangoluan na parjolo == Gibran tubu di [[Kota Surakarta]], [[Jawa Tengah]], tanggal 1 Oktober 1987, ima anak sisulung ni mantan Presiden [[Joko Widodo]] dohot [[Iriana]]. [[Joko Widodo]], ima presiden pa-7 ni Indonesia, namamarinta sian taon 2014 sahat tu 2024, adong dua periode nasida manjabat. Adong dua anggina, ima margoar Kahiyang Ayu, dohot Kaesang Pangarep. Taon 2015, mangoli nasida tu oroanna margoar [[Selvi Ananda]]. Saonari, adong dua dakdanakna, sada bawa margoar Jan Ethes Srinarendra, dohot sada borua margoar La Lembah Manah. === Parsingkolaan === Gibran marsingkola SD dohot SMP di Surakarta. Dung i, SMA na marsingkola di SMA Orchid Park [[Singapura]].<ref name="tagar">{{cite web|date=23 December 2017 |title=Profil Gibran Rakabuming Raka Calon Wali Kota Surakarta |website=Tagar.id |url=https://www.tagar.id/profil-gibran-rakabuming-raka-calon-wali-kota-surakarta |accessdate=8 October 2019 |first=Nuranisa |last=Hamdan}}</ref> Dung tamat sian SMA, mandaptar ma nasida kuliah di Universitas Teknologi Sydney, Australia, program jalur (''preparatory cources''), alai dang saut, alana pinda museng naside tu Singapura. Taon 2010, di Singapura ma si Gibran kuliah di [[:en:Management Development Institute of Singapore|Management Development Institute of Singapore]] (MDIS) manang Institut Pengembangan Manajemen Singapura. Gelar ni nasida ima [[Bachelor of Science|BSc]] (S1) sian [[Universitas Bradford]], kampus mitra ni MDIS.<ref name=":2">{{cite web| date=21 November 2023 |title=Indonesia VP candidate Gibran accused of faking education, shows degree received at S'pore MDIS as proof |website=[[Mothership]] |url=https://mothership.sg/2023/11/gibran-mdis-degree/ |accessdate=22 Januari 2024 |first=Min-Wei |last=Tan}}</ref><ref name="tagar"/><ref>{{cite web|date=21 November 2014 |title=Jokowi in Singapore for son's graduation: Other leaders whose children studied here |website=[[The Straits Times]] |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/jokowi-in-singapore-for-sons-graduation-other-leaders-whose-children-studied |accessdate=10 Oktober 2019 |first=Chew Hui |last=Min}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Politikus]] [[Horong:Walikota]] [[Horong:Wakil Presiden Indonesia]] dwnbc3d1ecmrkkwm6jofvgku5xznw24 0 485 18254 12410 2026-08-22T13:58:36Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Sun Bear 7.jpg|thumb|[[Gompul loba]]]] '''Gompul''' i ma [[binatang]] na masuk tu horong [[Ursidae]]. Marragam situtu do gompul, pigapiga ragam ni gompul i ma: [[Gompul Loba]], [[gompul birong]], [[gompul bara]], [[gompul kutub]], [[panda]], dohot na asing. {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] oeggfl04aha2t23ier15rh6fsmr9dbt 0 489 18135 16232 2026-08-22T13:20:53Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18135 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Hellenik'''<br>'''''Ελληνική Δημοκρατία'''''<br>''Ellinikí Dimokratía''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Greece.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Greece.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν<br>''Ímnos is tin Eleftherían''<br>("[[Ende ni Haluaon]]") |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Greece national anthem.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:EU-Greece.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Inganan ni Junani (ijo matua)<br>- di banua [[Eropa]] (ijo torang dohot hulabu)<br>- di bagasan [[Uni Eropa]] (ijo torang) |} '''Junani''' ([[Hata Junani]]: Ελλάδα, ''Elláda''; [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Yunani''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''Greece''), goar resmina i ma '''Republik Hellenik''' ([[Hata Junani]]: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, ''Ellinikí Dimokratía''), i ma sada nagara na maringanan di luat [[Eropa Anggoni]]. Bilangan ni jolmana hirahira 10,8 juta halak di taon 2018; [[Aten]] i ma kota na umbalga jala huta sabungan in Junani, diihuthon [[Tessalonik]]. Maringanan di dangsina ni [[Semenanjung Balkan|Balkan]], di tongatonga ni simpang Eropa, Asia dohot Afrika. Marbatasan dohot [[Albania]] di bagian manabia, [[Makedonia Utara]] dohot [[Bulgaria]] di bagian utara, huhut [[Turki]] di bagian anggoni. [[Laut Aegea]] maringanan di bagian habinsaran ni Tano Junani, [[Laut Ionia]] di bagian hasundutan, [[Laut Kreta]] dohot [[laut Mediterania]] di bagian dangsina. ==Etimologi== Goar asal ni Junani di hata Junani Modern i ma Ελλάδα (''Elláda'') na marbingkas sian hata Junani na Robi dohot hata Junani Modern sintuhu (''[[Katharevousa]]'' i ma Ἑλλάς (''Hellas''). Diparhaseanghon do pe goar ''Hellas'' di pigapiga sumber na marhata Inggeris, somalna di konteks sastra. Rupa hata tihas ni Junani i ma ελληνικός (''ellinikos'') na sipate dilapati gabe ''Hellenic'' (Hellenik), jala dibahenon gabe goar sintuhu di angka dalihan ni Junani, umpamana goar resmi ni Junani, ''Republik Hellenik'' (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία)<ref>[https://www.mfa.gr/usa/en/about-greece/government-and-politics/ ''Government and Politics''] ''Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Hellenic Republic'', dibungka di ari 31 Juli 2021</ref><br> Marudut sian hata Latin ''Graecia'' dohot ''Graecus'' do pandokan ''Greece'' dohot ''Greek'', sian goar [[Halak Graeci|Graeci]] (Γραικοί, ''Graikoí''; ''singular'' Γραικός, ''Graikós''), sada puak Junani na robi na parjolo maringanan di [[Magna Graecia]] di [[Italia Dangsina]]. [[Etimologi]] ni pandokan '''Junani''', manang '''''Yunani''''' di [[hata Indonesia]], i ma marbingkas sian goar ni luat '''Ionia''' di bagasan [[hata Arab]]. [[Ionia]] i ma luat pasisir hasundutan ni [[Asia Minor]] na saonari maringanan di [[Turki]]. ==Luat administratip== Mangihut [[program Kallikratis]] na didalanhon sian ari 1 Januari 2011, Junanimarnampunahon 13 region na tarbagi di bagasan 325 munisipalitas. Adong do sada luat administratip i ma [[Dolok Athos]] na marbatasan dohot region [[Makedonia Tonga]]. {| class="wikitable" |- !scope="row" colspan="4" text-align="center;"|[[Ugasan:Peripheries of Greece numbered.svg|300px]] |- ! No. !! Region !! Huta sabungan !! Bidang ni luat<br>(km²) |- | 1 || [[Attika]] || [[Aten]] || align="right"|3.808,10 |- | 2 || [[Junani Tonga]] || [[Lamia]] || align="right"|15.549,31 |- | 3 || [[Makedonia Tonga]] || [[Tessalonik]] || align="right"|18.810,52 |- | 4 || [[Kreta]] || [[Heraklion]] || align="right"|8.259 |- | 5 || [[Makedonia Habinsaran dohot Trakia]] || [[Komotini]] || align="right"|14.157,76 |- | 6 || [[Epirus]] || [[Ioannina]] || align="right"|9.203,22 |- | 7 || [[Hapuloan Ionia]] || [[Corfu]] || align="right"|3.835,91 |- | 8 || [[Aegea Utara]] || [[Mytilene]] || align="right"|2.306,94 |- | 9 || [[Peloponnese]] || [[Tripoli, Junani|Tripoli]] || align="right"|15.489,96 |- | 10 || [[Aegea Dangsina]] || [[Ermoupoli]] || align="right"|5.285,99 |- | 11 || [[Thessalia]] || [[Larissa]] || align="right"|14.036,64 |- | 12 || [[Junani Hasundutan]]|| [[Patras]] || align="right"|11.350,18 |- | 13 || [[Makedonia Hasundutan]] || [[Kozani]] || align="right"|9.451 |- ! No. !! Luat otonomi !! Huta sabungan !! Bidang ni luat<br>(km²) |- | (14) || [[Dolok Athos]] || [[Karyes]] || align="right"|390 |- |} ==Pustaha== [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] {{reflist}} {{Authority control}}{{Eropa-stub}} 9ap8lanbmzno6lbw6ozb3bq806tbr5m 0 490 18449 4000 2026-08-22T16:47:10Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Yonex IFB 2013 - Eightfinal - Ma Jin - Zhong Qianxin — Nitya Krishinda Maheswari - Greysia Polii 01 (cropped).jpg|thumb|230px|right|Greysia Polii, tingki martanding bulu tangkis di Kejuaraan Superseries Pransis Terbuka 2013]] '''Greysia Polii''' manang na jotjot dijou '''Greys''' (tubu di [[Jakarta]] 11 Agustus 1987) ima sada atlet manang olahragawan [[bulu tangkis]] [[Indonesia|Indonsia]], di sektor ganda putri. Atlet na ro sian halak marga [[Marga Minahasa|Minahasa]] on ingkon boru ni Willy Polii dohot Evie Pakasi.<ref>[https://en.tempo.co/read/610267/finally-gold-for-indonesia ''Finally, Gold For Indonesia''], www.en.tempo.co, [[Tempo (majalah Indonesia)|Tempo]], diakses 7 Agustus 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/12/11/sea-games-greysia-celebrates-first-gold-after-14-years-as-young-guns-shine.html ''SEA Games: Greysia celebrates first gold after 14 years as young guns shine''], www.thejakartapost.com, [[The Jakarta Post]], diakses 7 Agustus 2021</ref> Di tanggal 2 Agustus 2021, nasida dohot pasanganna [[Apriyani Rahayu]], gabe pamonang Ganda Puteri bulu tangkis, juara parjolo mandapot omas, di Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020, di Tokio, [[Japang]]. Greys marbagas tu sada pangusaha berlian margoar Felix Djimin, di bulan Desember 2020 nasalpu.<ref name="STATUS">[https://gaya.tempo.co/read/1490169/profil-suami-greysia-polii-felix-djimin-pengusaha-berlian Profil Suami Greysia Polii, Felix Djimin, Pengusaha Berlian], www.gaya.tempo.co, 7 Agustus 2021</ref> == Prestasi == === Olimpiade === ''Ganda putri'' {| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Taon !Inganan !Pasangan !Alona !Skor !Hasil |- style="background:#F3E6D7" | align="center" |[[Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020|2020]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210807123411/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/badminton/athlete-profile-n1364407-greysia-polii.htm ''Athlete Profile, Greysia Polii''], www.olympics.com, diakses 7 Agustus 2021</ref> | align="left" |[[Musashino Forest Sports Plaza]]<br> Kota [[Tokio]], [[Japang]] | align="left" |[[Ugasan:Flag of Indonesia.svg|20px]] Indonesia<br> [[Apriyani Rahayu]] | align="left" |[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] Tiongkok<br> [[Chen Qingchen]] [[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] Tiongkok <br>[[Jia Yifan]] | align="left" |21–19, 21–15 | style="text-align:left; background:white" |<center> [[Ugasan:Gold_medal.svg|16x16px]]<br> '''Sere'''</center> |} == Pustaha == [[Horong:Olahraga]] [[Horong:Parbulutangkis]] <references />{{Authority control}} egh54b00ywwlphqn1vnkzcx4fbpd9pq 0 491 18255 12772 2026-08-22T13:58:39Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Guatemala|ᯎᯮᯀᯖᯩᯔᯞ}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Guatemala.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Guatemala]] '''Guatemala''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Tonga]]. Huta sabungan ni Guatemala maringanan di [[Kota Guatemala]]. == Gombar == <br><gallery> Guatemala City-22-Marktviertel-Strasse-1980-gje.jpg|Kota Guatemala Antigua-16-Markt-Frau mit Korb-1980-gje.jpg|[[Antigua, Guatemala|Antigua]] Chichicastenango-06-Treppe der Kirche-1980-gje.jpg|[[Chichicastenango]] Panajachel-08-Hof des Santa Elena-1980-gje.jpg|[[Panajachel]] Santa Maria de Jesus-08-kleines Maedchen-1980-gje.jpg|[[Santa Maria de Jesus]] Tikal-10-Pyramide-1980-gje.jpg|[[Tikal]] Santiago Atitlan-18-Markt-1980-gje.jpg|[[Santiago Atitlan]] Solola-22-Frau-1980-gje.jpg|[[Solola]] </gallery> {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Tonga]] p0btrvygd5pbn9bz298a9yqqnyoh73z 0 496 18465 4026 2026-08-22T16:58:43Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18465 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Scissors.jpg|thumb|Gusting]] '''Gusting''' i ma ulaula paneat na dipangke marhite tangan. Gusting somalna dipangke lao maneat [[harotas]], [[abit]], [[tali]], lan na asing. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ulaula]] 37iju4ygtmcapiwkoqjiyhwqeag7ty0 0 497 18257 12780 2026-08-22T13:58:41Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Guyana|ᯎᯮᯛᯉ}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Guyana.svg|200px|thumb|right|Mandera ni Guyana]] '''Guyana''' (goar resmi: '''Republik Kooperatip Guyana''') i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Dangsina]]. Huta sabunganna maringanan di [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Dangsina-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Dangsina]] geoviw2sany9834xzlfjfrs112eqq0t 0 500 18286 14331 2026-08-22T14:06:32Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Ragam busana daerah dan tarian multi etnis dari sumatera utara.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Ragam baju adat Batak]] '''Halak Batak''' ([[Hata Batak Toba|Batak Toba]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯅᯖᯂ᯲}}; [[Hata Batak Karo|Batak Karo]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯆᯗᯂ᯳}}; [[Hata Batak Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯅᯖᯃ᯳}}; [[Hata Batak Pakpak|Batak Pakpak-Dairi]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯅᯗᯂ᯲}} [[Hata Batak Mandailing|Batak Angkola-Mandailing]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯅᯖᯄ᯦᯲}} jaha "Batak") ima sada bangso manang punguan bangso na marmarga di [[Indonesia]], marasal sian propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Data sian sensus penduduk Indonesia 2010 Badan Pusat Statistik, bahat ni halak Batak di Indonesia hira-hira 8.466.969 halak. Nanidok angka bangso Batak, sian data 2010 i, ima halak Batak [[Batak Angkola|Angkola]], [[Batak Karo|Karo]], [[Batak Mandailing|Mandailing]], [[Batak Pakpak|Pakpak]]-[[Batak Dairi|Dairi]], [[Batak Simalungun|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba|Toba]] dohot Pardembanan.<ref>Tobing, Philip Oder Lumban (1963), [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=GFbWAAAAMAAJ&q=structure+of+the+toba+batak&dq=structure+of+the+toba+batak&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&redir_esc=y ''The Structure of the Toba-Batak Belief in the High God''], South and South-East Celebes Institute for Culture, alaman 13, diakses tanggal 1 Oktober 2023</ref> == Parserahanna di Indonesia == [[Ugasan:Batak North Sumatra.svg|thumb|right|Distribusi halak Batak ''Toba'', ''Simalungun'', ''Karo'', ''Pakpak'', ''Angkola'' dohot ''Mandailing'']] Halak Batak umbahatan maringanan di propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], jala Batak ma bangso asli di propinsi i. Bahat ni halak Batak di Indonesia sian sensus 2010 ima 8.446.969 halak, manang 3,58% sian sude ruas ni [[Indonesia]]. Gabe urutan pa toluhon ma bahatna bangso Batak di Indonesia sian sude bangso na adong, sung i, halak [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]] ma naporjolo dohot [[Halak Sunda|Sunda]] paduahon. Di toru on sebaran ni halak Batak di Indonesia manurut propinsi sian sensus 2010:<ref name="SUKU">{{Cite web|url=http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|title=Kewarganegaraan Suku Bangsa, Agama, Bahasa 2010|website=demografi.bps.go.id|publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]|year=2010|format=PDF|accessdate=1 Oktober 2023|pages=23, 31, 36-41|archive-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712140438/http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |No ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Propinsi ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Bahatna [[2010]] ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% |- | 1 | [[Sumatera Utara]] ! style="text-align: right;" | 5.785.716 ! style="text-align: right;" | 68,49% |- | 2 | [[Riau]] | style="text-align: right;" | 691.399 | style="text-align: right;" | 8,19% |- | 3 | [[Jawa Pastima]] | style="text-align: right;" | 467.438 | style="text-align: right;" | 5,53% |- | 4 | [[DKI Jakarta]] | style="text-align: right;" | 326.645 | style="text-align: right;" | 3,87% |- | 5 | [[Sumatera Pastima]] | style="text-align: right;" | 222.549 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,63% |- | 6 | [[Pulo Riau]] | style="text-align: right;" | 208.678 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,47% |- | 7 | [[Aceh]] | style="text-align: right;" | 147.295 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,74% |- | 8 | [[Banten]] | style="text-align: right;" | 139.259 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,65% |- | 9 | [[Jambi]] | style="text-align: right;" | 106.249 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,26% |- | 10 | [[Jawa Purba]] | style="text-align: right;" | 56.339 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,67% |- | 11 | [[Lampung]] | style="text-align: right;" | 52.311 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,62% |- | 12 | [[Sumatera Dangsina]] | style="text-align: right;" | 45.709 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,54% |- | 13 | [[Kalimantan Purba]]* | style="text-align: right;" | 37.145 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,44% |- | 14 | [[Bengkulu]] | style="text-align: right;" | 32.972 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,39% |- | 15 | Propinsi na asing | style="text-align: right;" | 127.265 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,51% |- ! ! [[Indonesia]] ! style="text-align: right;" | 8.446.969 ! style="text-align: right;" | 100% |- |} Data di [[Kalimantan Purba]] mardomu dope dohot [[Kalimantan Utara]], alana dang marsirang dope tingki i. == Mandera Batak == Mandera Batak, manang Mandera Bangso Batak adong ma mandera na mangarihon tolu uarna; Rara, Bontar, dohot Birong. Mandera on mangarihon pigapiga mansam na ditanda angkup masarakat godang ansiat 'Mandera Batak' * Rara, Bontar, dohot Birong * Birong, Bontar, dohot Rara * dohot Bontar, Rara, Birong <gallery> Flag of Batak RWB.svg|Mandera Batak na marjejer rara, bontar, dohot birong. Flag of Batak BWR.svg|Mandera Batak na marjejer birong, bontar, dohot rara. Flag of Batak WRB.svg|Mandera Batak na marjejer bontar, rara, dohot birong. </gallery> === Artina Mandera Batak === Mandera Batak ansiat tanda tunduk jolma Batak adong ma parmutmutan asam-asam [[Parmalim]] na manatahon ala portibi Mangarihon tolu banua; * Banua Ginjang, Inganan didia deua tading na di uakkili dohot uarna bontar * Banua Tonga, Inganan didia manisia tading na diuakkili dohot uarna rara * Banua Toru, Inganan didia Ni simangot dohot begu tading na diuakkili dohot uarna birong ==Pardompu Budaya Parsurat Tamil di Halak Batak== Halak Batak mangamal agama Syaivism ([[Parmalim]]) , Buddha, dohot budaya setempat na marsipature hutanaon selama ribuan tahun.Agama on i dibawa masuk dohot pardagang Tamil.Adong usul marpangalaho bahwa pardompuan na marsobur Barus di Tapanuli i hotna parsihoran halak Batak. Selanjutnya, sada prasasti Tamil i temukan di Barus, na marhite hubotohon pardagangan di ginjang utara [[Medan]].[[Halak Tamil]] dohot halak Batak marpardagangan di pardompuan i.Halak Batak marpardompu budaya naposo dohot pardompuan ni Tamil. Pengaruh Tamil i marhite dohot naposo di budaya, parhudamuluan, semangat kekeluargaan, adat, dohot pesta Batak.Surat Batak i marhite dohot surat Tamil. Surat Batak i turunan ni surat Brahmi India dohot marhite surat Kawi. == Galeri == === Jabu === <gallery> Kel. Bunga Bondar, Sipirok, Tapanuli Selatan (01).jpg|<div class="center">Bagas godang [[Batak Angkola]]</div> Gedung Nasional Djauli Manik Sidikalang Dairi (01).jpg|<div class="center">Gedung Nasional [[Batak Dairi]]</div> Bisa Junisa Munthe-Rumah adat Karo.jpg|<div class="center">Jabu [[Batak Karo|Karo]]</div> Bagas Godang Panyabungan Tonga (Batak Mandailing House) (04).jpg|<div class="center">Bagas bolon [[Batak Mandailing|Mandailing]]</div> Rumah Bolon Pamatang Purba - Rumah Adat Batak Simalungun (Batak Simalungun House) (01).jpg|<div class="center">[[Rumah bolon]] Simalungun</div> Rumah Bolon (Batak Traditional House).jpg|<div class="center">[[Jabu Bolon]] [[Batak Toba]]</div> </gallery> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Halak Indonesia|B]] <references />{{Authority control}} 58rdb3b1rjt9lhd8jlu99pztkl52wa3 0 501 18287 15365 2026-08-22T14:06:46Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batak Angkola''' (sanga dijou halak Angkola) ima sada punguan ni halak Batak sanga suku asli na adong di propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Punguan on tarmasuk ma tu punguan ni halak Batak, na bahat maringanan di kabupaten [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Dangsina|Tapanuli Dangsina]], [[Kabupaten Padang Lawas|Padang Lawas]], [[Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara|Padang Lawas Utara]] dohot di kota [[Padang Sidimpuan]] Jadi, adong hubungan na jonok di Batak Angkola dohot tu [[Batak Toba]], [[Batak Karo]], [[Batak Pakpak]], [[Batak Simalungun]], dohot [[Batak Mandailing]]. Dung i, adat ni Batak Angkola jonok muse ingkon angka marga-marga ([[Tarombo Batak]]) tu halak [[Batak Toba]] dohot [[Batak Mandailing]]. Suratan na sangape hatana, diantara halak Angkola, Toba dohot Mandailing, boi marsiantusan, alani adong sada hubungan na jonok, tarmasuk ma adat, ugamo, muse hatana. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Batak Angkola]] [[Horong:Halak Indonesia|B]] 1s2spghlxjfb1wzjggsxsi22ovd3542 0 503 18290 16758 2026-08-22T14:07:27Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18290 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Rumah Bolon at Pematang Purba.jpg|right|thumb|Sopo bolon di [[Pamatang Purba,Purba,Simalungun|Pematang Purba]], [[Kabupaten Simalungun]].]] '''Batak Simalungun''' ([[Surat Batak]]: ᯅᯖᯃ᯳ ᯙᯫᯕᯟᯮᯝᯮᯉ᯳) i ma sada puak sanga suku na adong di [[propinsi]] [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]], na godang maringanan di [[Kabupaten Simalungun]] dohot [[Kota Pematang Siantar]]. Marga asli ni halak Simalungun ima marga Damanik, dung i, adong 3 marga na asing, ima marga Saragih, Sinaga, dan Purba. Dang adong data resmi na manang na pida halak ruas ni marga Simalungun, alai molo sian data ni ''Joshua Project'', godang ni halak Simalungun ima hira-hira 1,6 juta halak.<ref name="Simalungun">{{Cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/10722/ID|title= Simalungun in Indonesia|last=|first=|publisher=Joshua Project|accessdate=8 Agustus 2020}}</ref> Halak Simalungun godang marugamo Kristen sekitar 65%, dung i Islam 34%, naasingna 1%<ref name="Simalungun"/> == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Batak Simalungun]] [[Horong:Sumatera Utara]] [[Horong:Halak Indonesia|B]] mprqlmosmx0jgothm1theynlvcwm9n4 0 504 18289 16472 2026-08-22T14:07:13Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18289 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:22em; background:#fff6d9; text-align:center; font-size:95%; background-color:#F9F9F9; border:1px solid #AAAAAA; clear:right; color:black; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em;" !style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;"| Puak Batak Toba<br> {{Script/Batak|ᯇᯮᯀᯂ᯲ᯅᯖᯂ᯲ᯖᯬᯅ}} |- |- |style="border:none; padding:8px 0 0 0;"| |- |style="border:none; padding:4px 0 8px 0; line-height:11pt; font-size:95%;"| |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Bilangan ni jolma |- | '''4 juta'''. |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Huta na hombar tu godang ni jolma |- | [[Toba]], [[Sumatera Utara]]: '''2.6 juta'''.<br /> |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Parhataan |- | [[Hata Batak]]: [[Hata Toba]] dan [[Hata Indonesia]] na tong dipangke. |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Ugamo |- | [[Hakristenon|Kristen]], [[Silom]], dohot saotik [[Parmalim]]. |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Puak na jumonok |- | [[Halak Batak Angkola|Batak Angkola]], [[Halak Batak Karo|Batak Karo]], [[Halak Batak Mandailing|Batak Mandailing]], [[Halak Batak Pakpak|Batak Pakpak]], [[Halak Batak Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]]. |- |} '''Batak Toba''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯅᯖᯂ᯲ᯖᯬᯅ}}) i ma sada punguan marga sian [[halak Batak]]. Halak Batak Toba bahat maringanan di [[Kabupaten Toba]], [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]], [[Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]], [[Kabupaten Samosir]] dohot [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Tonga]]. == Toba di Harajaon Batak ({{Script/Batak|ᯖᯬᯅ ᯑᯪ ᯂᯒᯐᯀᯬᯉ᯲ ᯅᯖᯂ᯲}})== [[Ugasan:Ahnenhaus der Batak Toba.jpg|thumb|Sopo Bolon]] Di [[Harajaon Batak]] na uju i ma na marpusat di [[Bakara]], jala na marhuaso raja [[Dinasti Sisingamangaraja|Sisingamangaraja]], na mambagi [[Harajaon]] [[Batak]] tu 4 (opat) huta na balga jala didok ma i [[Raja maropat|Raja Maropat]]: # [[Raja Maropat Silindung]] # [[Raja Maropat Samosir]] # [[Raja Maropat Humbang]] # [[Raja Maropat Toba]] == Toba di tingki panjajahon Bolanda ({{Script/Batak|ᯖᯬᯅ ᯑᯪ ᯖᯪᯰᯂᯪ ᯇᯉ᯲ᯐᯐᯂᯬᯉ᯲ ᯅᯬᯞᯉ᯲ᯑ}})== Ditingki panjajahon ni [[Belanda]], panguaso Bolando mambahen [[Keresidenan Tapanuli]] di taon [[1910]]. [[Keresidenan]] [[Tapanuli]] tarbagi 4 (opat) luat nadidok mai [[afdeling]] jala saonari on gabe didokma gabe [[kabupaten]] manang [[kota]], ima: # [[Afdeling Padang Sidempuan]], nuaeng om gabe [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]], [[Kabupaten Mandailing Natal]], [[Kabupaten Padang Lawas]], [[Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara]], dohot [[Kota Padang Sidempuan]]. # [[Afdeling Nias]], nuaeng on gabe [[Kabupaten Nias]] dohot [[Kabupaten Nias Selatan]]. # [[Afdeling Sibolga]] dohot [[Ommnenlanden]], nuaeng on gabe [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah]] dohot [[Kota Sibolga]]. # [[Afdeling Bataklanden]], nuaeng on gabe [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]], [[Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]], [[Kabupaten Toba Samosir]], [[Kabupaten Samosir]], [[Kabupaten Dairi]], dohot [[Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat]]. Tano ni [[Batak]] [[Toba]] nagabe sada sian 5 (lima) [[onderafdeling]] di [[Afdeling Bataklanden]], ima [[Onderafdeling Toba]] namaribukota di [[Balige]]. [[Onderafdeling]] [[Toba]] dipartogi i si [[Controleur van Toba]]. == Salauhut Tapanuli dang Toba == Dang binoto manang andigan didok ianggo Silindung, Samosir, dohot Humbang didok halak Batak Toba. Hape nadidok Batak Toba holan di nagari [[Balige]], [[Porsea]], [[Laguboti]], [[Parsoburan]], [[Silaen]], [[Sigumpar]], [[Lumban Julu]], [[Ajibata]], [[Uluan]], [[Pintu Pohan]], dan humaliangna. Gari saluhut [[Tapanuli]] dang [[Batak Toba]]. Nanggo Silindung, Samosir, Humbang, dohot Toba pe luat napinjil dibagasan tingki [[Harajaon Batak]] sahat tu menjadi wilayah yang berbeda sejak zaman [[Kerajaan]] [[Batak]] sahat tu pambagian distrik ni [[HKBP]]. Molo niida di buku ''JAMBAR HATA'' harangon ni marga [[Sihombing]] dohot ''PUSTAHA BATAK Tarombo dohot Turiturian ni bangso Batak'' harangon ni ''W. M. Hutagalung'' tarida patiardo mandok saluhut Tapanuli dang Batak Toba. Hape marhite angka jolma naso maralang alus mampasadahon [[Silindung]], [[Samosir]], [[Humbang]], dohot [[Toba]] gabe [[Batak Toba]]. '''BATAK SISAHUTA''' (Silindung_Samosir_Humbang_Toba) mampuna luat dohot marga yang marasing musek na dipasadahon dibagasan bangso Batak. == Marga di puak Batak Toba == Halak [[Batak]] tongtong do nampuna [[marga]] dipudini goarna. Marga i didapot sian goar ni Amang (patrilinear) na ditorushon sahat ro di pinomparna. Didok [[marga]] tu halak [[bangso]] [[Batak]] [[Toba]] i ma marga-marga na adong di bangso [[Batak]], na marbona pasogit di '''Toba'''.{{Porlu pustaha}} === Angka marga Batak Toba === Onma luhut angka marga-marga ni Batak Toba: {{Col|2}} # [[Ambarita]] # [[Aruan]] # [[Bangkara]] # [[Banjarnahor]]<br> {{Mall|([[Marbun]])}} # [[Baringbing]] # [[Batuara]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Batubara]] # [[Butarbutar]] # [[Bondar]]<br> {{Mall|([[Pasaribu]])}} # [[Buaton]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Debataraja]]<br> {{Mall|([[Simamora]])}} # [[Doloksaribu]] # [[Dongoran]]<br> {{Mall|([[Siregar]])}} # [[Gorat]]<br> {{Mall|([[Pasaribu]])}} # [[Gultom]] # [[Gurning]] # [[Habeahan]] # [[Harahap]] # [[Harianja]]<br> {{Mall|([[Samosir]])}} # [[Lumbantoruan|Hariara]] # [[Haro (marga)|Haro]] # [[Haromunthe|Haromunte]] # [[Hasibuan]] # [[Hasugian]] # [[Hutabarat]] # [[Hutabalian]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Hutagalung]] # [[Hutagaol]] # [[Hutahaean]] # [[Hutajulu]] # [[Hutanamora]] # [[Hutapea (Laguboti)|Hutapea]]<br> {{Mall|([[Laguboti]])}} # [[Hutapea (Si Opat Pisoran)|Hutapea]]<br> {{Mall|([[Hutatoruan]])}} # [[Hutasoit]] # [[Hutauruk]] # [[Limbong]] # [[Lubis]] # [[Lumbanbatu|Lumban Batu]]<br> {{Mall|([[Marbun]])}} # [[Lumbangaol|Lumban Gaol]]<br> {{Mall|([[Marbun]])}} # [[Lumbannahor|Lumban Nahor]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Lumbanpea]] # [[Lumbanraja|Lumban Raja]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Lumbansiantar]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Lumbantobing|Lumban Tobing]] # [[Lumbantoruan]]<br> {{Mall|([[Sihombing]])}} # [[Lumbantungkup|Lumban Tungkup]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Maharaja]] # [[Mahulae]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Malau]] # [[Manihuruk]] # [[Manik]] # [[Manurung]] # [[Marpaung]] # [[Matondang]] # [[Munte]] # [[Nababan]] # [[Nadeak]] # [[Naibaho]] # [[Nainggolan]] # [[Napitu]] # [[Napitupulu]] # [[Nahampun]] # [[Naiborhu]] # [[Ompusunggu]] # [[Ongkor]] # [[Pakpahan]] # [[Pandiangan]] # [[Pane]] # [[Pangaribuan]] # [[Panggabean]] # [[Panjaitan]] # [[Parapat]] # [[Pardede]] # [[Pardosi]] # [[Parhusip]] # [[Pasaribu]] # [[Pinayungan]] # [[Pintubatu]] # [[Sibagot ni Pohan|Pohan]] # [[Purba]] # [[Pusuk]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Rajagukguk]]<br> {{Mall|([[Aritonang]])}} # [[Rambe]] # [[Ritonga]]<br> {{Mall|([[Siregar]])}} # [[Rumabutar]]<br> {{Mall|([[Manalu]])}} # [[Rumagorga]]<br> {{Mall|([[Manalu]])}} # [[Rumahole]]<br> {{Mall|([[Manalu]])}} # [[Rumahorbo]] # [[Rumaijuk]]<br> {{Mall|([[Manalu]])}} # [[Rumapea]] # [[Rumasingap]] # [[Rumasondi]] # [[Sagala]] # [[Saing]] # [[Samosir]] # [[Saragi]] # [[Saruksuk]]<br> {{Mall|([[Pasaribu]])}} # [[Sarumpaet]] # [[Siadari]] # [[Siagian]] # [[Siagian (Siringoringo|Siagian]]<br> {{Mall|([[Siringoringo]])}} # [[Siahaan]] # [[Siahaan (Nainggolan)|Siahaan]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Siallagan]] # [[Siambaton]] # [[Sianipar]] # [[Sianturi]]<br> {{Mall|([[Simatupang]])}} # [[Sibarani]] # [[Sibagariang]] # [[Sibangebange]]<br> {{Mall|([[Sitompul]])}} # [[Siboro]] # [[Sibuea]] # [[Siburian]]<br> {{Mall|([[Simatupang]])}} # [[Sidauruk]] # [[Sidabalok]] # [[Sidabariba]] # [[Sidabungke]] # [[Sidabutar]] # [[Sidari]]<br> {{Mall|([[Samosir]])}} # [[Sidebang]] # [[Sigalingging]] # [[Sigiro]] # [[Sigukguhi]]<br> {{Mall|([[Manalu]])}} # [[Sihaloho]] # [[Sihite]] # [[Sihole]] # [[Sijabat]] # [[Silaban]] # [[Silaen]] # [[Silalahi]] # [[Sileang]] # [[Silitonga]] # [[Simalango]] # [[Simandalahi]] # [[Simangunsong]] # [[Simanjorang]] # [[Simanjuntak]] # [[Simanullang]] # [[Simanungkalit]] # [[Simaremare]]<br> {{Mall|([[Aritonang]])}} # [[Simargolang]] # [[Simarmata]] # [[Simarsoit]]<br> {{Mall|([[Sihotang]])}} # [[Simbolon]] # [[Simorangkir]] # [[Sidabutar (Silalahi)|Sinabutar]] # [[Sinaga]] # [[Sinabang (marga)|Sinabang]] # [[Sinambela]] # [[Sinurat]] # [[Sipahutar]] # [[Sipangkar]] # [[Sipangpang]]<br> {{Mall|([[Siringoringo]])}} # [[Sipapaga]]<br> {{Mall|([[Nainggolan]])}} # [[Sipardabuan]]<br> {{Mall|([[Sihotang]])}} # [[Sipayung]] # [[Sirait]] # [[Sirandos]]<br> {{Mall|([[Sihotang]])}} # [[Siregar]] # [[Siringoringo]] # [[Sitanggang]] # [[Sitangkar]] # [[Sitindaon]] # [[Sitinjak]] # [[Sitio]] # [[Sitohang]] # [[Sitompul]] # [[Sitorus]] # [[Situmeang]] # [[Situmorang]] # [[Situngkir]] # [[Sorganimusu]]<br> {{Mall|([[Sihotang]])}} # [[Sorimunggu]]<br> {{Mall|([[Manalu]])}} # [[Sormin]]<br> {{Mall|([[Siregar]])}} # [[Tamba]] # [[Tambunan]] # [[Tampubolon]] # [[Tanjung (marga)|Tanjung]] # [[Tarihoran]] # [[Tinambunan]] # [[Togatorop]]<br> {{Mall|([[Simatupang]])}} # [[Torbandolok]]<br> {{Mall|([[Sihotang]])}} # [[Tumanggor]] # [[Turnip]] # [[Turutan]] {{EndDiv}} == Nienet (ᯉᯪᯀᯩᯉᯩᯖ᯲)== * Laris Kaladius Sibagariang, seorang yang dituakan dan kepala adat di Hutaraja Sipoholon sebagai sumber lisan. * Ramlo R. Hutabarat, sebagai salah satu sumber tertulis dalam opininya pada Harian Sinar Indonesia Baru (SIB) edisi Jumat, 5 Januari 2007 yang berjudul Tapanuli, Dari Suatu Masa Pada Suatu Ketika * D. J. Gultom Raja Marpodang, sebagai salah satu sumber tertulis dalam bukunya yang berjudul '''Dalihan Natolu Nilai Budaya Suku Batak''' tentang Struktur Wilayah Pemerintahan Harajaon Batak * W. M. Hutagalung, sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam bukunya yang bejudul '''PUSTAHA BATAK Tarombo dohot Turiturian ni Bangso Batak''' * ALMANAK HKBP == Pustaha == {{commons|Category:Toba Batak people}} == Bereng muse == * [[Marga Halak Batak Toba]] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] 78v97je74rlcbymxdr7g2ob9hg3j93f 0 505 18260 12745 2026-08-22T14:04:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18260 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Map of the Languages and Dialects of the Bârâ or Bodo Group of the Tibeto-Burman Family (cropped).jpg|300px|thumb|right|Peta pararaton ni Halak Bodo (Boro manang Bârâ) songon na dialuhon di bagasan ''Language Survey of India 1903'']] '''Boro''' (dijou dope '''Bodo''') i ma sada punguan [[etnolinguistik]] di nagara bagian [[Assam]], [[India]]. Godang do halak Boro na tading di [[Luat Teritorial Bodoland]], Assam. Marhata [[Hata Boro|Boro]] do puak nian. ==Parhataan== Halak Bodo marhata [[Hata Bodo|Bodo]], i ma sada parhataan na targabung di punguan [[Rumpun Hata Sino-Tibetan|parhataan Sino-Tibetan]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{India-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:India]] [[Horong:Halak]] 1jfvecycubwpsi4d0yiw9hz94obgn1r 0 506 18292 9494 2026-08-22T14:07:53Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[https://min.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urang_Minang Halak Minangkabau]''' ima sada marga sanga suku na adong di [[propinsi]] [[Sumatera Pastima]], [[Indonesia]]{{Authority control}}. [[Horong:Halak Indonesia|M]] po9nn5d2gyureywoaiw3imeyd63vgij 0 507 18296 12573 2026-08-22T14:09:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Billy goat.jpg|thumb|right|Sada hambing jantan.]] '''Hambing''' ([[Surat Batak]]:ᯂᯔ᯲ᯅᯪᯰ, [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]; ''Kambing'', [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]; ''Goat'', sanga Latin; ''Capra aegagrus hircus'') ima sada pinahan na nunga [[Domestikasi|didomestikasi]] dipahani gabe jinak sian hambing riar. Asalna hambing ro sian [[Asia Narita]] dohot [[Eropa Purba]]. Hambing masuk ma tu [[Bovidae]] jala samansam tu [[Biru-biru]] alana duansa padohot tu [[Caprinae]]. Adong 300 jenis hambing na marasing-asing tompa na.<ref name="HADOG">Hirst, K. Kris. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080707045748/http://archaeology.about.com/od/domestications/qt/goats.htm "The History of the Domestication of Goats".] ''www.About.com''. Diakses tanggal 27 Mei 2021.</ref> == Turiturian == [[Ugasan:Atlit-Yam – Horn Cores of goat.JPG|thumb|Taning ni hambing sian huta Neolitik [[Atlit Yam]]]] Hambing, ima binatang manang pinahan na dipahani jolma parjolo-jolo, sian bahat ni binatang.<ref name=TURIAN>[http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/goats/, ''Breeds of Livestock; Goats: (Capra hircus)''], Oklahoma State University Board of Regents, diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref> Analisis genetik naimbaru manabalhon hasil mamanati molo [[Capra aegagrus aegagrus|hambing gurun Bezoar]] sian Zagros, [[Iran]], diduga asal ni hampir sude hambing saonari.<ref name=TURIAN/> == Partinandaan == Hambing sada pinahan [[Ruminansia|marngalu]] naandorang ukuranna. Hambing riar jantan manang hambing pamuean, mangarihon sapang tanding, alai tanding ni hambing jantan umbalgaan sian hambing pamuean. Dihatopanna, sude hambing ingkon adong janggutna, ihurna tar tu ginjang, buluna tigor jala kasar. Ganjang tubu ni hambing riar, dang dohot ihurna, hira-hira 1,3 [[meter]] - 1,4 meter, molo ihurna hira-hira 12 [[sentimeter]] - 15 sentimeter. Borat ni hambing pamuean sahat tu 50 [[kilogram]] - 55 kilogram, molo hambing jantan boi sahat tu 120 kilogram. Hambing riar mampar sian [[Spanyol]] sahat tu [[India]], jala sian India sahat tu Utara ima [[Mongolia]] dohot [[Siberia]]. Lumban nagioti hambing, ima angka pardolokan na marbatu. == Ragam ni hambing == [[Ugasan:Domestic goat kid in capeweed.jpg|thumb|left|Sada anak ni hambing berusia dua taon di padang rumpai Tanjung]] Adong bahat ragam ni hambing di Indonesia, boi mamereng hagunaanna museng, songon hambing panusuhon, hambing na dikawinkon ([[hata Indonesia]] ima ''penyilangan gen''), hambing pedaging, hulinghuling, sangape hambing na gabe donga. === Hambing Kassang === Hambing hassang (''Kambing kacang'') ima sada ras unggul ni hambing naparjolo dipinahani di [[Indonesia]]. Ungkuran ni hambing kassang onbiasana gelleng, timbona hambing jantan hira 60 sentimeter sahat tu 65 sentimeter, jala hambing pamuean hira 56 sentimeter. Molo borat hambing jantan, boi sahat tu 25 kilogram, jala hambing pamuean hira 20 kilogram. Pinggolna biasana dingkal, buluna tigor jala pendek. Songoni tu hambing jantan dohot hambing pamuean, ingkon adong dua tadingna na pendek.<ref name=RAGAM>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212420/https://jendralgaram.com/ciri-ciri-kambing/#:~:text=Ciri-ciri%20kambing%20kacang%3A%201%20Tubuhnya%20kecil%20dengan%20kepala,yang%20berbulu%20panjang.%207%20Memiliki%20dua%20tanduk%20kecil, ''9 Jenis dan Ciri Ciri Kambing Terlengkap'' ([[Hata Indonesia|Marbahaso Indonesia]])], www.jenderalgaram.com, diakses tanggal 28 Mei 2021</ref> === Hambing Etawah === Hambing Etawah (''Kambing Etawah''), jotjot museng dijou hambing Jamnapari (''kambing Jamnapari''), rona sian [[India]]. Pamatang ni hambing Etawah on biasana balga, timbo ni hambing jantan boi 90 sentimeter sahat tu 127 sentimeter. Boratni hambing jantanna boi sahat tu 91 kilogram, salangkon hambing pamuean biasana holan sahat mar 63 kilograman. Pinggolna ganjang, jala habir tu toru, pardompahan dohot igungna jollung, adong muse tantingna pendek. Hambing Etawah on, boi gabe hambing sipanusu, sahari dapotma tolu liter [[susu]] sian sada hambing pamuean.<ref name=RAGAM/> === Hambing Bortian Etawah === Hambing Bortian Etawah (''Kambing peranakan Etawah (PE)''), ima hambing na dikawinkon silang, hambing Kassang dohot hambing Etawah. Parange ni hambing paranakon on, tudos tu hambing Kassang dohot tudos tu habing Etawah. Partinandaan ni hambing Peranakan Etawa&nbsp;sanga PE, bohina tar jollung, pinggolna ganjang alai gainggaing, pamatangna timbo. lelengni rindi hambing on 148,87 ari, masa manggintali ima 23 ari.<ref>[http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/3921, ''Studi Kasus Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah dan Kambing Saanen pada Peternakan Kambing Perah Barokah dan PT. Taurus Dairy Farm''], www.repository.ipb.ac.id, 29 Mei 2021</ref> === Hambing Boer === [[Ugasan:Boerbok.jpg|thumb|Hambing Boer, jotjot dibahen gabe sipanganon]] Hambing Boer (''kambing boer'') ima hambing n bahat gabe sipanganon ni jolma. Hambing Boer, adong daya tahan pamatangna lumobi kuat, dang mura marsahit, timbo, boi mangolu di bukit namarbatu-batu, di adaran sanga ramba, jala mangallang angka duhut dohot angka bulung. Patinandaan ni hambing on, pamatangna hombang jala ganjang, patna pendek, pinggolna ganjang mangantung tu toru. Buluna adong na bontar, uarna ni uluna sipata soklat, adong garis nabontar ditoru bohina. Borat ni hambing Boer boi 80-150 kilogram.<ref name=RAGAM/> === Hambing Saanen === Hambing Saenen (''Kambing Saenen''), ima ragam hambing naro sian kota Saenen, [[Swiss]]. Songoni tu hambing jantan sanga hambing pamuen, ingkon rap ganjang tanding na. Dung i, uarna ni buluna bontar. Igungna, pinggolna, dohot pamatangna, biasana maruarna na bontar, pinggolna gelleng alai tigor, boratna 30-50 kilogram. Hambing Saanen on gabe hambing sipanusu.<ref name=RAGAM/> === Hambing Saburai === Hambing Saburai (''Kambing saburai'') adalah ima hasil hambing nadikawinkon hambing bortnian etawa dohot hambing boer. Hambing na marragam songon on, bahat di kabupaten Tanggamus, propinsi Lampung, Indonesia. Di huta naasing, hambing on biasana dijou hambing boerawa.<ref>[http://www.ternak.net/2015/05/kambing-saburai-komoditas-kambing-unggulan-dari-tanggamus.html, ''Kambing Saburai - Komoditas Unggulan dari Tanggamus''], www.ternak.com, diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref> === Hambing Samosir === Hombar tu goarna, hambing Samosir (''Kambing Samosir'') bahat mangolu di pulo Samosir, dihaliangi [[Tao Toba]], kabupaten Samosir, propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Hambing on jotjot digoari hambing nabontar (''kambing putih'') sanga hambing Batak (''kambing Batak''). Pamatang ni hambing Samosir hombar tu hambing kassang, boratna boi 30-60 kilogram. Uarna ni buluna lumobi bontar sanga lumobi marbolang sian hambing kassang.<ref name=RAGAM/> == Hambing riar == Diparbinotoan, molo hambing naung dipahani, boi museng mulak tu harangan gabe hambing riar, molo adong tingki ni angka hambing i lao tu harangan. Binatang jinak nadiboto mulak museng gabe riar, ima [[Huting]]. Hambing riar bahat di portibi on, alani i, sipata hambing riar gabe sada hama tu suansuanan ni jolma. Songon di [[Australia]], adong hira-hira 2,6 juta hambing riar, sanga 28% siang hambing riar di portibi on.<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/0b78ac9f-c442-4fe1-9f96-8205f505a4c8/files/feral-goat.pdf, "The feral goat (''Capra hircus'') - Invasive species fact sheet"] (2011), www.environment.gov.au, diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref> == Hagunaan == [[Ugasan:Goat milking on an organic farm in Israel.jpg|thumb|left|Mambuat susu ni hambing, di sada handang pinahan organik di [[Israel]] ]] Hasil ni susu hambing, adong hira-hira 2% sian panolangi susu tahunan di portibi on.<ref>FAO. 1997. 1996 Production Yearbook. Food Agr. Organ., UN. Rome, Italy.</ref> Molo hambing jantan dohot hambing pamuean dang dipasirang, boi mangagor kualitas ni susu. Bahat jolma mamangke susu ni hambing gabe susu tu anak, manggonti air susu ibu, sanga susu lombu. Disada buku taon 1970 didok, molo susu ni hambing dang sarupo dohot susuni jolma dohot susu ni lombu, alana susuni hambing lumobi momoan. Dungi muse, susu ni hambing bahat nilai-nilai terapeutik tu pangubati dohot nutrisi tu jolma.<ref>Devendra, C., and M. Burns (1970), ''Goat production in the tropics'', Commonwealth Bur. Anim. Breeding and Genetics,Tech. Commun. No. 19, tanggal 29 Mei 2021</ref> George Mateljan mandok molo susu ni hambing boi manggontihon susu ni lombu sangan susu ni biru-biru, molo naeng siminumon, lumobi molo adong na alergi tu sada susu ni binatang.<ref name=SUSU>The World's Healthiest Foods. [http://www.whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=131, "Milk, goat"] (3 Maret 2008), www.whfoods.org, 29 Mei 2021</ref> {| | {| class="wikitable" |+ Bahat ni nutri ragam susu (nilai min per 100g)<ref>Park,W.Y., G.F.W. Haenlein.ed. (2006). ''Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals'', Blackwell Publishing, 29 Mei 2021</ref> ! Bahat ni nutrisi ! Susu ni Hambing ! Susu ni Lombu ! Susu ni Jolma |- ! Lemak (g) | 3.8 | 3.6 | 4.0 |- ! Protein (g) | 3.5 | 3.3 | 1.2 |- ! Laktosa (g) | 4.1 | 4.6 | 6.9 |- ! Abu (g) | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.2 |- ! Bahat ni pepejal (g) | 12.2 | 12.3 | 12.3 |- ! Kalori | 70 | 69 | 68 |} | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" |+ Analisis protein susu per 100&nbsp;gram <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929071651/http://www.northwalesbuffalo.co.uk/milk_analysis.htm , ''Milk analysis''] North Wales Buffalo, 29 Mei 2021</ref> |- style="text-align:center" ! Juzuk ! unit ! [[Lombu]] ! Hambing ! [[Biru-biru]] ! [[Horbo]] |- | style="text-align:right" | Air | style="text-align:right" | g | 87.8 | 88.9 | 83.0 | 81.1 |- | style="text-align:right" | Protein | style="text-align:right" | g | 3.2 | 3.1 | 5.4 | 4.5 |- | style="text-align:right" | Lemak | style="text-align:right" | g | 3.9 | 3.5 | 6.0 | 8.0 |- | style="text-align:right" | Karbohidrat | style="text-align:right" | g | 4.8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 |- | style="text-align:right" | Energi | style="text-align:right" | kcal | 66 | 60 | 95 | 110 |- | style="text-align:right" | Energi | style="text-align:right" | kJ | 275 | 253 | 396 | 463 |- | style="text-align:right" | Gula (laktosa) | style="text-align:right" | g | 4.8 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 |- | style="text-align:right" | Kolesterol | style="text-align:right" | mg | 14 | 10 | 11 | 8 |- | style="text-align:right" | Kalsium | style="text-align:right" | IU | 120 | 100 | 170 | 195 |- | style="text-align:right" | Asam lemak jenuh | style="text-align:right" | g | 2.4 | 2.3 | 3.8 | 4.2 |- | style="text-align:right" | Asam lemak mono tak jenuh | style="text-align:right" | g | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.7 |- | style="text-align:right" | Asam lemak poli tak jenuh | style="text-align:right" | g | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |} |} == Pustaha == [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Pinahan]] <references />{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Dorbia]] krfkzlngv58kt02ulk6fv21r9l82ojq 0 508 18293 11705 2026-08-22T14:08:40Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18293 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Boswellia_sacra.jpg|thumb|250px|Bulung ni haminjon]] [[Ugasan:Kemenyan_resin_benzoin_resin.JPG|thumb|250px|kanan|Gota ni haminjon (kemenyan)]] '''Haminjon''' (Indonesia: ''kemenyan''; Inggeris: ''frankincense''), jotjot dijou hau Olibanum,<ref>[https://www.fragrantica.com/notes/Olibanum-Frankincense--95.html ''Olibanum''], www.fragrantica.com, diakses 10 Agustus 2021</ref> ima sada hau ''[[Boswellia]]'' sian horong ni hauma [[Burseraceae]], ''[[Boswellia sacra]]'' ([[Sinonim]] ''B. carteri'', ''B. thurifera'', ''B. bhaw-dajiana''), ''[[Boswellia frereana|B. frereana]]'' dohot ''[[Boswellia serrata|B. serrata]]'' (haminjon India). == Ragam ni Haminjon == Haminjon masuk ma tu horong [[Ordo (biologi)|ordo]] ''[[Ebenales]]'', [[Familia]] ''[[Styracaceae]]'' dohot [[genus]] ''[[Styrax]]''. Dung i, adong 7 (oitu) ragam ni haminjon namargota, alai holan adong 4 haminjon na adong arga na di pasaran, tarmasuk ma Haminjon Sumatera (Styrax benzoin), Haminjon bulu (Styrax paralleloneurus), Haminjon Toba (Styrax sumatrana J.J.Sm)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221002125538/http://ejournal.forda-mof.org/ejournal-litbang/index.php/JPHH/article/view/78 ''Sifat Anatomi, Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis pada Kayu Kemenyan Toba dan Kemenyan Bulu''], www.ejournal.forda-mof.org, diakses 10 Agustus 2021</ref> dohot Haminjon Siam (Styrax tokinensis) Ragam ni haminjon na bahat di suan di Sumatra Utara adalah ima haminjon Toba.<ref name="Jayusman, dkk., 1999">Jayusman, dkk., 1999</ref> Ragam ''Styrax sumatrana'' J.Sm bahat disuan di kabupaten Tapanuli Utara dohot Tapanuli Tonga, ima ditanda panjouanna “''Haminjon''” manang "kemenyan Toba".<ref>Lubis, dkk., 1984</ref> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Suansuanan]] <references />{{Authority control}} jtqsa7mzthqzmhwoaaiw170chnenga3 0 509 18294 4187 2026-08-22T14:08:50Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{desa |peta = |nama = Hapoltahan |provinsi = Sumatera Utara |dati2 = Kabupaten |nama dati2 = Tapanuli Utara |kecamatan = Tarutung |kode pos = |luas = 1.44 km² |penduduk = 888 halak |kepadatan = }} '''Hapoltahan''' i ma sada [[huta]] na maringanan di [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Kecamatan Tarutung]], [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]], [[Sumatera Utara|Propinsi Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 1,44 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 888 halak.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tapanuliutarakab.bps.go.id/publication/2019/09/26/d67f438113b326613c5b7a72/kecamatan-tarutung-dalam-angka-2019.html|title=Kecamatan Tarutung Dalam Angka 2019|website=www.tapanuliutarakab.bps.go.id|accessdate=8 September 2020|lang=id}}</ref> ==Pustaha== [[Horong:Huta di Indonesia]] <references />{{Authority control}} evqrdvq2obuhbw0pjxi1986kdzpv610 0 512 18265 14305 2026-08-22T14:04:26Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Haramoja|ᯂᯒᯔᯬᯐ}} [[Ugasan:Taiwan 2009 Tainan City Organic Farm Watermelon FRD 7962.jpg|thumb|Haramoja]] '''Haramoja''' ([[hata Indonesia]]: ''Semangka'') i ma sada goar ni suansuanan na marparbue na marasal sian satonga halongonan di [[Aprika]] bagian dangsina. Solhot do antajau dohot [[jelok]], [[melon]], nang [[ansimun]]. {{Suansuanan-stub}} {{Parbue-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] [[Horong:Parbue]] t6pzbw1lzz5rxx2imhcmynekvg98usa 0 514 18300 4203 2026-08-22T14:10:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{desa |peta = |nama = Harianja |provinsi = Sumatera Utara |dati2 = Kabupaten |nama dati2 = Tapanuli Utara |kecamatan = Pangaribuan |kode pos = |luas = 12,00 km² |penduduk = 1.018 halak (2019) |kepadatan = 84/km² }} '''Huta Harianja''' i ma sada [[huta]] na maringanan di [[Pangaribuan, Tapanuli Utara|kecamatan Pangaribuan]], [[kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]], [[Sumatera Utara|Propinsi Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 12,00 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 1.018 halak (2019).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tapanuliutarakab.bps.go.id/publication/2019/09/26/6c22877588e45401c77c8432/kecamatan-pangaribuan-dalam-angka-2019.html|title=Kecamatan Pangaribuan Dalam Angka 2019|website=www.tapanuliutarakab.bps.go.id|accessdate=10 September 2020|lang=id}}</ref> ==Pustaha== [[Horong:Huta di Indonesia]] <references />{{Authority control}} 3t9gnv85ow9igir9kb0jjh1lp3fi8pe 0 515 18302 17654 2026-08-22T14:10:28Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18302 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Langhalsluit met twee snaren TMnr 3583-6.jpg|thumb|Rupa ni Hasapi]] '''Hasapi''' i ma sada alat musik ni halak [[Batak Toba]] na bongot tu punguan ni alat musik dawai manang pe senar, molo di [[hata Indonesia]] jouan na ma [[Kecapi]]. Jadi Hasapi diartihon ma ''Kecapi Batak''. == Jenis ni Hasapi == Hasapi tarbagi dua, ima: * Hasapi ende (''pluked lute dua senar'') ima instrumen mamboan melodi, jala on ma instrumen na hadohoan di ensambel gondang hasapi. * Hasapi doal (''pluked flude dua senar''), instrumen on sarupa do dohot hasapi ende, alai tingki mamakkena permainannya hasapi doal gabe pambahen ritem konstan. Ukuran instrumen ni hasapi doal umbalga saotik sian hasapi ende. == Cirina == Klasipikasi instrumen on tarmasuk kelompok chordophone. ''Tune'' sian dua senarna ima interval mayor na dimainhon mamiltik (memetik). == Pustaha == {{reflist}} * [http://kebudayaankesenianindonesia.blogspot.com/2012/06/foklore-sebagian-lisan-tari-tortor.html kebudayaan kesenian Indonesia] {{Templat:Batak Toba}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Musik]] c5770m7qocfnyza7its6wmn55l1p6oc 0 516 18305 15977 2026-08-22T14:11:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hata Batak''' i ma sada ''subgroup'' [[Hata Austronesia]] na dimarhata angkup [[Halak Batak]]. == Horong ni Hata Batak == Hata Batak dihorong i gabe dua horong, Hata Batak Utara dohot Hata Batak Dangsina, sada studi manatahon 76% hata Karo dohot Alas sarupa, 81% dohot Pakpak, 80% dohot Simalungun, dohot 30% ba Hata Indonesia, ndang boi diantusi Hata Batak Toba dohot Karo. Geograpi adong ma hal na ringkot di parhambangon Hata Batak, Tao Toba mamulikhon halak Toba dohot Karo Hata Batak Utara: * [[Hata Batak Pakpak|Pakpak (Dairi)]] * [[Hata Batak Karo|Karo]] * [[Hata Ales|Ales-Kluet]] Hata Batak Dangsina: * [[Hata Batak Simalungun|Simalungun]] * [[Hata Batak Toba|Toba]] * [[Hata Batak Mandailing|Mandailing]] * [[Hata Batak Angkola|Angkola]] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Batak]] 5auqlzu1p1oijezp4r9mbzqlaqpskqw 0 517 18266 13281 2026-08-22T14:04:27Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18266 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hata Batak Karo''' (''Cakap Karo'') i ma sada hata na dipartuturhon halak [[Batak Karo]]. Ia do tading di [[Kabupaten Karo]], [[Kabupaten Langkat]], [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang]], [[Kota Medan]] sahat tu [[Kabupaten Aceh Anggoni]] di [[Indonesia]]. Ginurithon do hata Batak Karo di ''Tulisen Karo'' (Surat Karo) na gabe sada ragam ni [[Surat Batak]]. == Tudosan == === Tangiang Ale Amanami === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Batak Karo !Batak Toba |- |''O Bapa kami si ni Surga.'' ''GelarNdu ipebadia min; reh min KinirajanNdu; sehlah min peratenNdu, i bas doni enda bagi ni Surga.'' ''Bereken min man kami nakan cukup i bas wari si sendah enda.'' ''Alemi min salah kami bagi nialemi kami salah kalak kempak kami.'' ''Ola min kami ibaba Kam kubas percuban, tapi olangilah kami idur si ilat nari.'' ''[Sabap Kam kap si mada Kinirajan, ras kuasa, ras kemulian si ndekah-ndekahna. Amin.]'' |Ale Amanami na di banua ginjang! Sai pinarbadia ma Goarmu! Sai ro ma harajaonmu! Sai saut ma lomo ni roham di banua tonga on songon na di banua ginjang! Lehon ma di hami sadari on hangoluan siap ari! Sesa ma dosanami songon panesanami di dosa ni angka na mardosa tu hami! Unang hami togihon tu pangunjunan! Palua ma hami sian na jahat! Ai Ho do nampuna harajaon dohot hagogoon dohot hasangapon ro di saleleng ni lelengna. Amen! |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Parhataan-stub}} {{Batak-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Batak]] lb7zv459es5usu0sonfmm00uhy3ggtj 0 518 18267 13280 2026-08-22T14:04:28Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18267 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Batak Simalungun''' (''Sahap Simalungun'') i ma hata na diparhaseanghon ni halak [[Batak Simalungun]]. Ia do tading di [[Sumatera Utara|Provinsi Sumatera Utara]], tarlumobi di [[Kabupaten Simalungun]] dohot [[Kota Pematang Siantar]]. Ginurithon do hata Batak Simalungun di ''Surat Sisampulusiah'', i ma sada ragam ni [[Surat Batak]]. == Tudosan == === Tangiang Ale Amanami === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Batak Simalungun !Batak Toba |- |''Ham Bapanami na i nagori atas.'' ''Sai napapansing ma Goran-Mu. Sai roh ma Harajaon-Mu. Sai saud ma harosuh ni uhur-Mu i nagori tongah on songon na i nagori atas.'' ''Bere Ham ma bannami sadari on hagoluhan ari-ari.'' ''Sasap Ham ma dousanami songon panasapnami bani dousa ni hasoman, na mardousa dompak hanami.'' ''Ulang ma bobai Ham hanami hu parlajouan, tapi paluah Ham ma hanami humbani pangagou.'' ''Ai Ham do simada Harajaon ampa hagogohon ampa hasangapon sadokah ni dokahni.'' ''Amen.'' |Ale Amanami na di banua ginjang! Sai pinarbadia ma Goarmu! Sai ro ma harajaonmu! Sai saut ma lomo ni roham di banua tonga on songon na di banua ginjang! Lehon ma di hami sadari on hangoluan siap ari! Sesa ma dosanami songon panesanami di dosa ni angka na mardosa tu hami! Unang hami togihon tu pangunjunan! Palua ma hami sian na jahat! Ai Ho do nampuna harajaon dohot hagogoon dohot hasangapon ro di saleleng ni lelengna. Amen! |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Parhataan-stub}} {{Batak-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Batak]] tdzk94gdhxy9p9u2623zc3ck6863p39 0 519 18306 16491 2026-08-22T14:11:13Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Batak languages.png|thumb|right|Pambagian namarhata Batak di propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Namarhata Batak Toba ima area namaruarna balau label ISO 639-3 kode "bbc".]] '''Hata Batak Toba''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯂᯖᯅᯖᯂ᯲ᯖᯬᯅ}}) i ma hata na dipangke halak di humaliang ni [[Tao Toba]], i ma na di [[Kabupaten Samosir|Samosir]], [[Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan|Humbang Hasundutan]], [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara|Tapanuli Utara]], [[Kabupaten Toba|Toba]], museng di [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Tonga|Tapanuli Tonga]], [[Kota Sibolga|Sibolga]], [[Pematangsiantar]], [[Kabupaten Simalungun|Simalungun]], [[Kota Medan]], na adong di propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Alai nang pe songoni Hata Batak Toba tong do dipangke angka [[Batak Toba|Halak Batak Toba]] na adong di parserahan. == Surat Batak == Ina ni surat di hata Batak mamrepresentasihon sada hata na marsoara inheren /a/. Adong 19 karakter dasar disude ragam aksara Batak, dungi, dipangke ma marpiga ragam hata Batak varian tertentu. Songon di toru on ma tompa ni hata Batak Toba:<ref name="uni">{{Cite web|url=http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n3320.pdf|first=Michael|last=Everson| last2 = Kozok | first2 = Uli|title=Proposal for encoding the Batak script in the UCS|journal=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2|issue=N3320R|date=07-10-2008|publisher=Unicode|accessdate=11 September 2023}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Ina ni Surat'' |-style="text-align:center;" ! ! a ! ha ! ka ! ba ! pa ! na ! wa ! ga ! ja ! da ! ra ! ma ! ta ! sa ! ya ! nga ! la ! nya ! i ! u |- style="length:20%;" ! style="width:20%; text-align:center;" |Batak Toba | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak A-1, Ha.svg|30px|link=|alt=A]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ha]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ha-1, Ka-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ka]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ba-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ba]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Pa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Pa]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Na.svg|30px|link=|alt=Na]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Wa-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]]<hr>[[Ugasan:Batak Wa-3.svg|30px|link=|alt=Wa]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ga-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ga]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ja.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ja]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Da.svg|30px|link=|alt=Da]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ra-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ra]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ma-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ma]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ta-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]]<hr>[[Ugasan:Batak Ta-2.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ta]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Sa-1, Ca-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Sa]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ya-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=Ya]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Nga.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nga]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak La-1.svg|30px|link=|alt=La]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak Ca-2, Nya.svg|30px|link=|alt=Nya]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak I.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Batak U.svg|30px|link=|alt=I]] |} Angka tompa di ginjang ima hurup naung digeneralisasi. Sipata adong do buku manurat mamangke tompa manang karakter na asing molo dipatupa tu hata Batak naasingna, mamereng hutana dohot media aha nadipangke.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kozok|first=Uli|title = Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak| publisher = Gramedia|year=2009|location=Jakarta|isbn=9799101530|url=https://docplayer.info/30542413-Surat-batak-sejarah-perkembangan-tulisan-batak-berikut-pedoman-menulis-aksara-batak-dan-cap-si-singamangaraja-xii-uli-kozok.html|accessdate=11 September 2023 }}</ref> Karakter i ({{Script/Batak|ᯤ}}) dohot u ({{Script/Batak|ᯥ}}) holan dipangke di suku kata tarbuka, misal di hata dohot <!--''paingot'' {{Script/Batak|ᯇᯤᯝᯬᯖ᯲}}--> ''ina'' {{Script/Batak|ᯤᯉ}} dohot ''ulu'' {{Script/Batak|ᯥᯞᯮ}}. Tu suku kata tartutup nadiawali hurup i manang u, dipangkema karakter a ({{Script/Batak|ᯀ}} manang {{Script/Batak|ᯁ}}) dohot diaktirik ganop pokal, misal dihata ''indung'' {{Script/Batak|ᯀᯪᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯰ}} dohot ''umpama'' {{Script/Batak|ᯀᯮᯔ᯲ᯇᯔ}}.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kozok |first=Uli|url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Warisan_leluhur.html?id=oBu6OPT5qNEC&redir_esc=y |title=Warisan Leluhur Sastra Lama dan Aksara Batak|publisher=Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia|year=1999|isbn=9799023335|location=Jakarta|accessdate=11 September 2023}}</ref> === Diakritik === Diakritik ('''''anak ni surat''''') ima tanda na adong dikarakter utama gabe manguba pokal inheren katakter utama nai, songon di toru on ma angka tompa na:<ref name="uni"/> {| class="wikitable" |+ style="text-align: center;" | ''Anak ni Surat'' |- ! style="text-align: center"| ! -i ! -u ! -é ! -e ! -o ! -ou ! -ng ! -h ! pemati |- style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2"| Batak Toba | [[Ugasan:Batak sign I-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-I]] | [[Ugasan:Batak sign U.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] | [[Ugasan:Batak sign E-2.svg|40px|link=|alt=-E]] ! | [[Ugasan:Batak sign O-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-U]] ! | [[Ugasan:Batak sign Ng.svg|40px|link=|alt=-Ng]] ! | [[Ugasan:Batak sign mute-1.svg|40px|link=|alt=-]] |- style="text-align: center" | uluwa | boruta | hatadingan ! | siala ! | hamisaran ! | pangolat |- |} == Blok Unikode == [[Ugasan:Manuscript in Toba-Batak language, central Sumatra, early 1800s - Robert C. Williams Paper Museum - DSC00360.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Manuskrip hata Batak Toba sian taon 1800an]] Aksara Batak naung ditambahon tu standar [[Unikode]] persi 6.0 sian Oktober 2010 direntang U+1BC0–U+1BFF. Blok Unicode Batak ima na adong karakter manurat manang manggurit di hata Batak Angkola, Batak Karo, Batak Mandailing, Batak Pakpak, Batak Simalungun, dohot Batak Toba. {|border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large;text-align:center;" | colspan="17" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | '''[[Batak (blok Unicode)|Batak]]'''<br />[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1BC0.pdf Official Unicode Consortium code chart] (PDF) |-style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | style="width:45pt" | &nbsp; || style="width:20pt" | 0 || style="width:20pt" | 1 || style="width:20pt" | 2 || style="width:20pt" | 3 || style="width:20pt" | 4 || style="width:20pt" | 5 || style="width:20pt" | 6 || style="width:20pt" | 7 || style="width:20pt" | 8 || style="width:20pt" | 9 || style="width:20pt" | A || style="width:20pt" | B || style="width:20pt" | C || style="width:20pt" | D || style="width:20pt" | E || style="width:20pt" | F |- | style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | U+1BCx | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC0: BATAK LETTER A" | &#x1BC0; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC1: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN A" | &#x1BC1; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC2: BATAK LETTER HA" | &#x1BC2; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC3: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN HA" | &#x1BC3; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC4: BATAK LETTER MANDAILING HA" | &#x1BC4; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC5: BATAK LETTER BA" | &#x1BC5; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC6: BATAK LETTER KARO BA" | &#x1BC6; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC7: BATAK LETTER PA" | &#x1BC7; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC8: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN PA" | &#x1BC8; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BC9: BATAK LETTER NA" | &#x1BC9; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BCA: BATAK LETTER MANDAILING NA" | &#x1BCA; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BCB: BATAK LETTER WA" | &#x1BCB; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BCC: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN WA" | &#x1BCC; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BCD: BATAK LETTER PAKPAK WA" | &#x1BCD; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BCE: BATAK LETTER GA" | &#x1BCE; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BCF: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN GA" | &#x1BCF; |- | style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | U+1BDx | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD0: BATAK LETTER JA" | &#x1BD0; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD1: BATAK LETTER DA" | &#x1BD1; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD2: BATAK LETTER RA" | &#x1BD2; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD3: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN RA" | &#x1BD3; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD4: BATAK LETTER MA" | &#x1BD4; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD5: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN MA" | &#x1BD5; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD6: BATAK LETTER SOUTHERN TA" | &#x1BD6; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD7: BATAK LETTER NORTHERN TA" | &#x1BD7; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD8: BATAK LETTER SA" | &#x1BD8; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BD9: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN SA" | &#x1BD9; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BDA: BATAK LETTER MANDAILING SA" | &#x1BDA; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BDB: BATAK LETTER YA" | &#x1BDB; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BDC: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN YA" | &#x1BDC; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BDD: BATAK LETTER NGA" | &#x1BDD; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BDE: BATAK LETTER LA" | &#x1BDE; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BDF: BATAK LETTER SIMALUNGUN LA" | &#x1BDF; |- | style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | U+1BEx | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE0: BATAK LETTER NYA" | &#x1BE0; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE1: BATAK LETTER CA" | &#x1BE1; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE2: BATAK LETTER NDA" | &#x1BE2; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE3: BATAK LETTER MBA" | &#x1BE3; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE4: BATAK LETTER I" | &#x1BE4; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE5: BATAK LETTER U" | &#x1BE5; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE6: BATAK SIGN TOMPI" | &#x1BE6; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE7: BATAK VOWEL SIGN E" | &#x1BE7; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE8: BATAK VOWEL SIGN PAKPAK E" | &#x1BE8; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BE9: BATAK VOWEL SIGN EE" | &#x1BE9; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BEA: BATAK VOWEL SIGN I" | &#x1BEA; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BEB: BATAK VOWEL SIGN KARO I" | &#x1BEB; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BEC: BATAK VOWEL SIGN O" | &#x1BEC; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BED: BATAK VOWEL SIGN KARO O" | &#x1BED; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BEE: BATAK VOWEL SIGN U" | &#x1BEE; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BEF: BATAK VOWEL SIGN U FOR SIMALUNGUN SA" | &#x1BEF; |- | style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small" | U+1BFx | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BF0: BATAK CONSONANT SIGN NG" | &#x1BF0; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BF1: BATAK CONSONANT SIGN H" | &#x1BF1; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BF2: BATAK PANGOLAT" | &#x1BF2; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BF3: BATAK PANONGONAN" | &#x1BF3; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="Reserved" style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BFC: BATAK SYMBOL BINDU NA METEK" | &#x1BFC; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BFD: BATAK SYMBOL BINDU PINARBORAS" | &#x1BFD; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BFE: BATAK SYMBOL BINDU JUDUL" | &#x1BFE; | style="font-family:Pangururan, Noto Sans Batak;" title="U+1BFF: BATAK SYMBOL BINDU PANGOLAT" | &#x1BFF; |- | colspan="17" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left" | '''Sitambaihon''' :1.Per Unicode versi 8.0 :2.Abu-abu astuanna titik kode kosong |} {{Commons|Category:Batak Toba language}} == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Batak Toba]] sdsxfyokd9535z22rq7jznm8cr0hiq0 0 520 18268 12436 2026-08-22T14:04:29Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Bodo Rao in Devanagari script.svg|300px|right|thumb|Pandokan ''Boro Rao'' (Hata Boro) na ginuriton di [[Surat Dewanagari]]]] '''Hata Boro''' manang '''Hata Bodo''' i ma sada parhataan na targabung di punguan [[Rumpun Hata Sino-Tibetan|parhataan Sino-Tibetan]]. Dituturhon [[Halak Bodo|Halak Boro]] do Hata Boro nian di luat [[India Irisanna]]. Hata Boro digurithon mamangke [[Surat Latin]], [[Surat Dewanagari]] dohot [[Surat Bengali]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bodo-language|title=Bodo language|last=Britannica|first=Encyclopaedia|language=en-US|access-date=2021-02-18}}</ref> ==Pandokan== ===Numeral=== On ma numeral di hata Boro {| class="wikitable" border="1" |+Nomor di bagasan hata Boro !Nomor !Hata Boro !Hata Batak Toba |- | 0 | ''Latikho'' |Nol |- | 1 | ''Se'' | Sada |- | 2 | ''Nwi'' | Dua |- | 3 | ''Tham'' | Tolu |- | 4 | ''Brwi'' | Opat |- | 5 | ''Ba'' | Lima |- | 6 | ''Do'' | Onom |- | 7 | ''Sni'' | Pitu |- | 8 | ''Daen'' | Ualu |- | 9 | ''Gu'' | Sia |- | 10 | ''Zi'' | Sampulu |- | 11 | ''Zi se'' | Sampulu sada |- | 12 | ''Zi nwi'' | Sampulu dua |- | 13 | ''Zi tam'' | Sampulu tolu |- | 14 | ''Zi brwi'' | Sampulu opat |- | 15 | ''Zi ba'' | Sampulu lima |- | 16 | ''Zi do'' | Sampulu onom |- | 17 | ''Zi sni'' | Sampulu pitu |- | 18 | ''Zi daen'' | Sampulu ualu |- | 19 | ''Zi gu'' | Sampulu sia |- | 20 | ''Nwi zi'' | Dua pulu |- | 100 | ''Zwouse'' | Saratus |- | 200 | ''Nwi zwou'' | Dua ratus |- | 300 | ''Tam zwou'' | Tolu ratus |- | 1.000 | ''Se Rwza'' | Saribu |- | 2.000 | ''Nwi Rwza'' | Dua ribu |- | 10.000 | ''Zi Rwza'' | Sampulu ribu |} ==Pustaha== {{Parhataan-stub}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:India]] [[Horong:Rumpun Hata Sino-Tibetan]] <references />{{Authority control}} 6r6j8gmu2lhvak2uav1fixjqxp5exp7 0 521 18307 16447 2026-08-22T14:11:45Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18307 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Idioma_neerlandés.PNG|thumb]] '''Hata Bolanda''' (''Nederlands''<nowiki>; pandokhonan: [ˈneːdərlɑnts]) i ma sada hata </nowiki>[[Hata Jermanik Pastima|Jermanik Pastima]] na dipangke di [[Bolanda]] dohot [[Belgia]]. Hata Bolanda do pe dipangke di [[Suriname]] dohot tolu [[nagara konstituen ni Harajaon Bolanda]] na asing songon [[Aruba]], [[Curaçao]] dohot [[Sint Maarten]] na gabe [[hata resmi]] jala dipangke do pe di luat ni [[Karibia Bolanda]] i ma [[Sint Eustasius]], [[Bonaire]] dohot [[Saba]]. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] j3i52nnc5yu63ykluf9kv49t6usm7wi 0 522 18308 9131 2026-08-22T14:11:59Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Opening van de Volksraad door gouverneur-generaal Van Limburg Stirum op 18 mei 1918 op Java TMnr 10001373.jpg|thumb|Pardomuan ni [[Volksraad|''Volksraad'']] na dipatupahon di bulan Juli 1938 di Jakarta,hata Indonesia dipangke Jahja Datoek Kajo parjolo di pardomuan na somal.]] [[File:Indonesian Language Map.svg|thumb]] '''Hata Indonesia''' ([[Surat Batak]]:ᯂᯖ ᯤᯉ᯲ᯑᯬᯉᯩᯘᯪᯀ, ''Bahasa Indonesia;'' pandokhonan [baˈha.sa in.doˈne.sja]) i ma [[hata resmi]] di [[Indonesia]]. Hata Indonesia gabe ''[[lingua franca]]'' ni bangso Indonesia na marragam do puakna. [[Hata daerah]], songon [[Hata Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], [[Hata Jawa|Jawa]], [[Sunda]] dohot na asing, dipangkeon di jabu manang di parsahutaon, hape hata Indonesia dipangkeon di [[parsingkolaan]], [[media massa]], [[pamarentahon]], [[panguhuman]] jala rupa-rupa ni komunikasi di Indonesia. == Pustaha == {{Commons|Category:Indonesian language}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] 8sj3z6yzfpxyof9dq24sj0fnpte6pi8 0 524 18309 16923 2026-08-22T14:12:09Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb|upright=2|Angka luat na marhata Inggris di portibi on.]] '''Hata Inggris''' ([[Surat Batak]]: ᯂᯖ ᯤᯰᯎ᯲ᯒᯪᯘ᯲, ''English, English Language''; pandohan : /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/) i ma sada hata [[Jermanik Pastima]]. Sajabu ma I tu [[hata indo-eropa]]. dituturhon parjolo di [[Inggeris]] di [[abad partongahon]], jala gabe na umum dipangke di sude portibi on. Hata Inggeris dipangke di jolma na tading di [[Britania Godang]], [[Irlandia]], [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Kanada]], [[Australia]], [[Selandia Baru]] dohot piga-piga nagara di [[Karibia]], jala gabe [[hata resmi]] ni giot 60 [[nagara na mardaulat]]. Hata Inggeris dipangkeon gabe hata resmi di [[Uni Eropa]], [[Persemakmuran]] jala [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]], jala piga-piga parsahuton ni antara bangso na asing. == Pustaha == [https://www.britannica.com/topic/English-language English language sian Britannica] {{commons|Category:English language}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] 5yq5emxikuwa091w43ewk23ekvt72zy 0 525 18311 9134 2026-08-22T14:12:46Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18311 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Irish speakers in 2011.png|thumb|Godang ni halak na marhata Irlandia di sude Pulo Irlandia, marbingkas sian di taon 2011]] '''Hata Irlandia''' (''Gaeilige'') i ma sada [[hata Keltik]] na dituturhon di [[Pulo Irlandia|Irlandia]]. Hata Irlandia gabe hata resmi ni [[Republik Irlandia]], [[Hata Daerah|hata daerah]] na dijanghon di [[Irlandia Utara]] jala hata resmi ni [[Uni Eropa]]. == ''Gaeltacht'' == [[Ugasan:Percentage stating they speak Irish daily outside the education system in the 2011 census.png|thumb|''Gaeltacht'']] Luat di Irlandia na mamangke hata Irlandia ansiat hata na parjolo (''first language'') dijou ''Gaeltacht''. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] 1bwoy462wua58yrr2rb0jlhvnwbtnhe 0 526 18312 4350 2026-08-22T14:12:52Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Coptic luke (ch. 5-5-9), 8th century (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible - Plate XX).jpg|thumb|right|200px|Bibel Koptik ni Lukas 5 : 5-9 di abad paualuhon]] [[Ugasan:Coptic liturgic inscription.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Liturgi hata Koptik di abad paonomhon sian [[Misir Julu]]]] '''Hata Koptik''' (Hata Koptik Bohairik: ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, ''timetremənkhēmi'') i ma sada parhataan na parjolo dipatuturhon [[Halak Koptik]] na tading di [[Misir]]. Marudut sian [[Hata Misir|hata Misir na Robi]] do Hata Koptik on.<ref name=":0">Layton, Bentley. (2007) [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Y83UUpkdOMMC&pg=PA11-IA2&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Coptic in 20 Lessons: Introduction to Sahidic Coptic with Exercises & Vocabularies]. Leuven:Peeters Publishers. 2007. alaman 1 ISBN 9789042918108. "''It is the direct descendent of Ancient Egyptian...''"</ref> Saonari diparhaseanghon gabe [[Hata Liturgis|hata liturgis]] ni [[Huria Koptik Ortodoks Aleksanderia|Huria Koptik]] do hata Koptik on.<ref name=":0" /><br> Logat Koptik na godang dipartuturhon i ma Sahadik, Bohairik, Akhimimik, Fayyumik, Lycopolitan dohot Oxyrhycite. == Goar == Pandokan asal ni goar Koptik i ma ϯⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ (/təmətɾəmənˈkʰeːmə/) di bagasan logat Bohairik (Delta) dohot ⲧⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲣⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲕⲏⲙⲉ (/t(ə)məntɾəmənˈkeːmə/) di bagasan logat Sahidik (Rura).<br> Di bagasan liturgi ni [[Huria Koptik Ortodoks Aleksanderia|Huria Ortodoks Koptik]], goar ni hata nian resmina dijou ''tiaspi ənremənkʰēmi'' (ϯⲁⲥⲡⲓ ⲛ̀ⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, 'Hata Misir'), ''aspi'' (ⲁⲥⲡⲓ) i ma pandokan ni Misir di parhataan manang hata. == Sistem pangguritan == [[Ugasan:Papyrus Bodmer VI fol. 16.jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Papirus Bodmer|Papirus Bodmer VI]]]] Diparhaseanghon hata Koptik do sada sistem pangguritan na marudut sian [[Surat Junani|Alpabet Junani]], dohot tambahan hurup na marnampunahon asalna di bagasan [[Surat Demotik|hurup Misir Demotik]]. == Logat == On ma logat ni hata Koptik na dipartuturhon halak Koptik di Misir * '''Misir Julu''' :* Sahidik :* Akhimimik :* Lycopolitan * '''Misir Jae''' :* Bohairik :* Fayyumik :* Oxyrhychite == Ida muse == * [[Alpabet Koptik]] * [[Huria Koptik Ortodoks Aleksanderia|Huria Koptik Ortodoks]] * [[Hata Misir]] == Pustaha == [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Misir]] <references />{{Authority control}} mkv1f7z5bzl7c992aka22iapr4a4ncp 0 527 18310 8268 2026-08-22T14:12:32Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hata Minangkabau''' i ma sada hata dituturhon parjolo di [[Sumatra Pastima]]. == Pustaha == {{commons|Category:Minangkabau language|Hata Minangkabau}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] ialw4n9z61vsvzlhsiyn7lhty5v1b8d 0 532 18478 13500 2026-08-22T17:04:23Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18478 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Countries where French is an official language.svg|thumb|upright=2|Nagara na mamangke hata Perancis]] '''Hata Paransis''' (''le français'', ''la langue française''; pandokhonan: [fʁɑ̃sɛ]) i ma sada hata na tarsundut sian punguan [[hata Roman]]. Hata Paransis diboaboaon gabe hata resmi di [[Paransis]] di taon 1539. Hata Paransis i ma gabe sada sian onom ni [[hata resmi]] di [[Perserikatan Bangso-Bangso]]. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] 6jtwzmb279fx6sgrg42kurqtepv8w28 0 534 18271 12809 2026-08-22T14:04:33Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hata Sina''' i ma rupa ni ranting [[hata Sinitik]] na tarsundut sian punguan [[Rumpun hata Sino-Tibetan|hata Sino-Tibetan]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Parhataan-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Rumpun Hata Sino-Tibetan]] s1tbb0wj7fbadq8uwex07p99alsofbv 0 535 18480 4403 2026-08-22T17:05:34Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18480 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Idioma tagalo.png|thumb|Luat ni puak na marhata Tagalog]] '''Hata Tagalog''' ([[Surat Baybayin|Baybayin]]: ᜏᜒᜃᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔) i ma sada [[hata]] na dituturhon di [[Pilipina]]. Adong do parbogasan ni hata Tagalog dohot pigapiga parhataan di [[Kalimantan]] dohot [[Sulawesi]]. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] e4qawbdlozd8ia0citiw9p0h86xqy9o 0 536 18481 8870 2026-08-22T17:05:54Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18481 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''HaTikvah'''<br>'''הַתִּקְוָה'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Hatikvah.jpg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Siguriton tangan ni Naftali Herz Imber di puisi na marjudul Hatikvah. |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Hatikvah instrumental.ogg|140px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Musik ni ''Hatikvah'' |- |} '''Hatikvah''' ([[Surat Heber]] : הַתִּקְוָה, pandokhonan : [hatik'va] ; [[Hata Batak Toba]] : Panghiriman) i ma sada [[logu habangsoan]] ni [[Israel]]. Asal ni logu ''Hatikvah'' i ma sian puisi na tinompaon [[Naftali Herz Imber]], halak [[Jahudi]] sian Złoczów (saonari [[Zolochiv]] di [[Ukraina]]). == Lirik Logu == === Hata Heber === Lirik resmi ni ''Hatikvah'' diendehon di [[Hata Heber]], dohot lapatanna di [[Hata Batak Toba|Hata Batak Toba.]] {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="12" rules="cols" style="text-align:center;" ![[Surat Heber]] ![[Romanisasi ni Heber|Transliterasi]] !Hata Batak Toba |- ! colspan="3" |Bindu Parjolo |- |כֹּל עוֹד בַּלֵּבָב פְּנִימָה נֶפֶשׁ יְהוּדִי הוֹמִיָּה וּלְפַאֲתֵי מִזְרָח קָדִימָה עַיִן לְצִיּוֹן צוֹפִיָּה |''Kol'od balevav penimah'' ''Nefesh Yehudi homiyah,'' ''Ulfa'ate mizrach kadimah,'' ''<nowiki/>'Ayin leTziyon tzofiyah;'' |Tais di roha Sahalak Jahudi manghasiholi Dohot torus tu habinsaran Mandompak do simalolongna tu Sion |- ! colspan="3" |Bindu Paduahon |- |עוֹד לֹא אָבְדָה תִּקְוָתֵנוּ הַתִּקְוָה בַּת שְׁנוֹת אַלְפַּיִם לִהְיוֹת עַם חָפְשִׁי בְּאַרְצֵנוּ אֶרֶץ צִיּוֹן וִירוּשָׁלַיִם |''<nowiki/>'Od lo avdah tikvatenu,'' ''Hatikvah bat shnot 'alpayin,'' ''Lihyot 'am chofsi be'artzenu,'' ''<nowiki/>'Eretz-Tziyon virushalayim.'' |Alai panghirimannami ndang mago Panghiriman saleleng 2000 taon Di gabe mardeka Di Tano Sion dohot [[Jerusalem]] |} === Hata Arab === {| class="wikitable" cellpadding="12" rules="cols" style="text-align:center;" ![[Surat Arab]] ![[Romanisasi ni Arab|Transliterasi]] |- |طالما في القلب تكمن نفس يهودية تتوق وللأمام نحو الشرق عين تنظر إلى صهيون |''Ṭālamā fī al-qalb takmun,'' ''Nafsun yahūdiyya tatuq,'' ''Wa-lilʾamām naḥwa aš-šarq,'' ''ʿAynun tanẓuru ʾilá ṣahyūn.'' |- |أملنا لم يضع بعد أمل عمره ألفا سنة أن نكون أمّة حرّة في أرضنا أرض صهيون و أورشليم |''ʾAmalunā lam yaḍaʿ baʿd,'' ''ʾAmalun ʿumruhu ʾal-fāni sana,'' ''ʾAn nakūn ʾummatan ḥurra fī 'arḍinā,'' ''<nowiki/>'Arḍu ṣahyūn waʾūršalīm.'' |} {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu habangsoan]] k3qj1mw8qzvr7cw3l6luhc99crm7j30 0 537 18275 14339 2026-08-22T14:04:38Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Hoda|ᯂᯬᯑ}} [[Ugasan:Friesian Stallion.jpg|thumb|Hoda]] '''Hoda''' ([[goar binomial]] : ''Equus caballus'' manang ''Equus ferus caballus'') i ma [[binatang]] siallang duhut. Hoda i ma sada binatang na nunga maribu taon dipahan manisia jala ringkot situtu do di pardalanan parngoluan ni manisia, tarlumobi ma na digunahon gabe hoda boban na mamboan manisia nang ugasan. {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Dorbia]] s2ui9b7amj0bcszo83za23a6omsdtkm 0 538 18490 8274 2026-08-22T17:11:40Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Holong''' ([[hata Indonesia]]: " ''Kasih'' ") i ma sada pangalaho na marharoroan sian roha parbagasan ni jolma. Ido umbahen sai dipadomu "holong" dohot "roha", isarana: holong ni roha, ndang hea didok "holong ni pamatang". Somalna,holong on i ma pangalaho ni sasahalak natinuju tu halak na asing, i ma tanda holong ni rohana tu sijalo pangalaho i. Godang do ragam pangalaho ni holong, isarana: mangurupi halak na asing so marbalos marhite na mangalehon ondeng, dohot mangalehon pamingkirion mangurupi boban ni pingkiran ni dongan, dohot mangalehon tingki laho mandongani sasahalak. == Holong tunduk pandapot ni Hakristenon == Lapatan ni "holong" na umbidang muse, na boi do tapadomu tu pangajarion ni [[Jesus Kristus]] tu siseanNa taringot "manghaholongi". Holong na niajarhon ni Jesus i ma marharoroan siala haporseaonna dohot sian roha parbagasanna laho patupa ulaon na denggan maradophon halak na asing. Songon tanda na porsea di Tuhan Jesus, sasahalak i mangulahon holong, holong tu Debata, holong tu dongan jolma, dohot holong tu portibi. Mansai godang do lapatan ni holong na imboto sude halak i portibion. naboi do tinuju holongi tu nattoras, tu angka dongan, tu angka Holong ni Debata ndang manggogohon tu jolma na asing. angka jolma na olo ro tu Ibana, i ma na mangkaholongi Ibana, ndang hea Ibana manggogoi manang ise pe. Alani las ni rohai Debata ma gabe olo Kasih (Debata) menyatakan kemurahan pada semua orang. Kasih (Jesus) berbuat baik kepada semua orang tanpa memandang bulu. Kasih (Jesus) tidak cemburu pada apa yang orang lain miliki, hidup sederhana tanpa mengeluh. Kasih (Jesus) tidak membesar-besarkan diri sekalipun Dia dapat mengalahkan semua orang lain. Kasih (Debata) tidak menuntut ketaatan. Allah tidak menuntut ketaatan dari sang Anak, namun sang Anak secara sukarela menaati BapaNya di surga. ”Dunia tahu, bahwa Aku mengasihi Bapa dan bahwa Aku melakukan segala sesuatu seperti yang diperintahkan Bapa kepada-Ku” (Johannes 14:31). Kasih (Jesus) selalu memperhatikan kepentingan orang lain. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Kristen]] atbrd8no9qldrae1eyqy75woww18ldz 0 539 18277 14309 2026-08-22T14:04:41Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Honas|ᯂᯬᯉᯘ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Pineapple1.JPG|thumb|Parbue ni honas]] '''Honas''' i ma sada goar ni suansuanan na marparbue na marasal sian banua [[Amerika Dangsina]]. {{Suansuanan-stub}} {{Parbue-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] [[Horong:Parbue]] 1iycq2b4bps4zyd0cgqgn2xumty02wd 0 540 18278 16185 2026-08-22T14:04:42Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Honduras|ᯂᯬᯉ᯲ᯑᯮᯒᯘ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Honduras (1949–2022, 2026–present).svg|thumb|Mandera ni Honduras]] '''Honduras''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Tonga]]. Huta sabungan ni Honduras maringanan di [[Tegucigalpa]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Tonga]] 9rsexw6vzm88byhlt4uwgjyfelg44ye 0 542 18279 12409 2026-08-22T14:04:43Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Wasserbüffel (25787818312).jpg|thumb|Horbo]] '''Horbo''' manang somal muse dijou '''Horbo Aek''' ([[goar ilmiah]]): ''Bubalus bubalis'' i ma [[binatang]] [[herbipora]]. {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Dorbia]] b64uqa922cibgnd98k595husjwcupd2 0 543 18258 17661 2026-08-22T14:03:27Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18258 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Humbang''' i ma sada luat na bidang sian habinsaran na di [[Siborongborong, Tapanuli Utara|Siborongborong]] ro di hasundutan na di [[Doloksanggul, Humbang Hasundutan|Doloksanggul]]. Sadarion, tarbagi do Humbang on tu dua kabupaten i ma [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara]] dohot [[Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Templat:Batak Toba}}{{Authority control}}{{Batak-stub}} [[Horong:Luat]] n4r1782j6p0o1gudiw8fc0tpv68t0b7 0 544 18280 12395 2026-08-22T14:04:45Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18280 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Hungaria'''<br>'''''Magyarország'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Hungary.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Hungary.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br> [[Himnusz]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Hungarian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band (1997 arrangement).mp3]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:EU-Hungary.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Hungaria di Eropa |} '''Hungaria''' ([[Hata Hungaria]]: ''Magyarország'') i ma sada nagara di [[Eropa Tonga]]. Marbatasan dohot [[Slovakia]] di bagian utara, [[Ukraina]] di bagian irisanna, [[Rumania]] di bagian habinsaran dohot anggoni, [[Serbia]] di bagian dangsina, [[Kroasia]] dohot [[Slovenia]] di bagian nariti, jala [[Austria]] di bagian hasundutan. [[Budapest]] do huta sabungan dohot kota na umbalga ni Hungaria, kota balga na asingna i ma [[Debrecen]], [[Szeged]], [[Miskolc]], [[Pécs]], dohot [[Győr]]. == Pustaha == {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] nujex9p5ww2cqrqh402dc77q77ukqh6 0 545 18455 9170 2026-08-22T16:54:33Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18455 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Jakarta Cathedral Afternoon.JPG|thumb|right|Gareja Katedral di Jakarta]] '''Huria''' manang dijou museng '''Gareja''' (bahasa [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''gereja''; [[Inggeris]]: ''church''; Portugis: ''igreja''), ima sada hata [[Batak Toba]] na diantusi gabe "punguan ni halak [[Kristen]] manang ruas Kristen". Hata asal ni Huria (gareja) ima sian bahasa Junani ''ἐκκλησία'' (dijaha ''ekklesia''), na adong disurat di [[Bibel]] Perjanjian Baru, molo di Alkitab (bahasa Indonesia) somalna disurathon "jemaat manang umat". Pandokan ''ekklesia'' adong tarsurat di 2 ayat [[Bibel]] sian [[Injil Mateus]], 24 ayat sian [[Ulaon ni Apostel]] (''Kisah Para Rasul''), 58 ayat sian surat ni Paulus, 2 ayat sian [[Heber]], 1 ayat sian [[Jakobus]], 3 ayat sian [[Surat 3 Johanes|Surat Johanes Patoluhon]], dohot 19 ayat sian [[Pangungkapon]]. == Etimologi == [[Ugasan:Balige church.JPG|thumb|left|Sada Huria [[HKBP]] di [[Balige, Toba Samosir|Balige]], kabupaten Toba, Sumatera Utara]] Hata ''Huria'' di bahasa Indonesia ima ''gereja'', hata nadibuat sian bahasa Portugis ima ''igreja''. Dung i, hata di bahasa Portugis ''igreja'' dibuat sian bahasa asalna ima bahasa Junani ''εκκλησία'' (dijaha ''ekklêsia'') astuanna "dijou tu ruar" (''dipanggil keluar''), ''ek'' artina haruar; ''klesia'' sian hata ''kaleo'' artina manjou. Jadi, astuan na topet mangantusi hata "huria" na dibuat sian "εκκλησία", ima punguan ni jolma dijou tu ruar sian portibi. Astuan ni dijou haruar sian portibi, boi dibagi gabe: # Arti perjolo ima " ruas (''umat'')" topetna "punguan (''persekutuan'')" ni halak [[Kristen]]. Arti parjolo on, boi diantusi gabe halak Kristen. Jadi, pandokan huria manang gareja dimulana diantusi punguan ni jolma, dang bangunan huria (gareja). # Arti paduahon ima sada parlagutan manang pardomuan (''pertemuan'') [[partangiangan]] (''ibadah'') angka ruas [[Kristen]]. Boi di jabu, adaran, hotel, manang di tempat rekreasi. # Arti patoluhon ima sada [[sekte]] dibagasan ugamo Kristen. Misalna Huria (Gareja) [[Katolik]], Gareja [[Protestan]], dohot na asingna. # Arti paopathon ima sada [[parpunguan]] (''lembaga administratif'') ni [[Kristen]]. Misalna hulimat “Huria mangolap aborsi”. # Arti parpudi jala na dung somal diantusi ima sada “ruang marminggu (''rumah ibadah'')” ni ruas [[Kristen]], jala boi martangiang manang manomba Debata. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Kristen]] 7oqeertng4jjh3l255lvoymnf6t8sce 0 546 18281 12298 2026-08-22T14:04:46Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Balige_church.JPG|right|thumb|Gareja ni Huria Kristen Batak Protestan di [[Balige, Toba|Balige]], di taon 1984]] '''Huria Kristen Batak Protestan''' (HKBP) i ma sada huria Protestan na umbalga di sandok [[Asia Anggoni]]. Jongjong ditanggal 7 Oktober 1861 na markantor di [[Pearaja]], [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. Ephorus na parjolo i ma Pandita Dr. [[Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen|Ingwer Ludwig Nommensen]] na somal ginoaran Apostel Batak. Sahat tu tingki on ruas ni HKBP hirahira tolu juta toropna na marserak di sandok Indonesia dohot di pigapiga luat di nagara na asing. HKBP niuluhon Ephorus na dijou dohot goargoar ompu i, niurupan Sekretaris Jenderal dohot tolu Kepala Departemen i ma Departemen Koinonia, Departemen Marturia dohot Kepala Departemen Marturia na pinillit ni Sinode Godang. == Pangantusion == Huria i ma Huria Protestan na umbalga di bagasan ganup halak Batak, dohot Huria Protestan na umbalga di Indonesia jala dang pola talu godang ni ruasna sian organisasi ugamo Silom (Nahdlatul Ulama dohot Muhammadiyah). Huria on tubu jala mangodang sian parbarita Nauli sian RMG (''Rheinische Missions-Gesselschaft'') sian Jerman jala tubu di tanggal 7 Oktober 1861. == Pustaha == {{Kristen-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Kristen]] [[Horong:Huria]] mtqzphlm2z43xl09k0lnfdxnsqsibpv 0 547 18282 12299 2026-08-22T14:04:48Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:HKI Sambaliang, Res. Sumbul Berampu (01).jpg|right|thumb|Gareja ni Huria Kristen Indonesia di [[Sambaliang, Berampu, Dairi|Huta Sambaliang]], [[Kabupaten Dairi|Dairi]].]] '''Huria Kristen Indonesia''' (HKI) i ma sada huria Protestan da adong di Indonesia. Jongjong ditanggal 1 Mei 1927 jala markantor di [[Kota Pematangsiantar]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. Hatopanna halak [[Batak Toba]] do ruas ni Huria HKI on. {{Kristen-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Kristen]] [[Horong:Huria]] q2lrdwk417auv6kq36picpki679r4ef 0 548 18283 12494 2026-08-22T14:04:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18283 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hurup Heber''' ([[Hata Heber|Heber]] : אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי, ''Alefbet ivri'') i ma sada hurup na dipangke manggurit [[Hata Heber]] dohot [[parhataan halak Jahudi]] na asingna, songon [[Hata Yiddish]]. Hurup Heber digurit sian siamun tu hambirang. == Hurup == On ma jojoran ni hurup Heber {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:150%;" !'''''Alef''''' !'''''Bet''''' !'''''Gimel''''' !'''''Dalet''''' !'''''He''''' !'''''Waw/Vav''''' !'''''Zayin''''' !'''''Chet''''' !'''''Tet''''' !'''''Yod''''' !'''''Kaf''''' |- style="font-size:200%" | rowspan="2" |א‎ | rowspan="2" |ב‎ | rowspan="2" |ג‎ | rowspan="2" |ד‎ | rowspan="2" |ה‎ | rowspan="2" |ו‎ | rowspan="2" |ז‎ | rowspan="2" |ח‎ | rowspan="2" |ט‎ | rowspan="2" |י‎ | כ‎ |- | style="font-size:200%"|ך‎ |- !'''''Lamed''''' !'''''Mem''''' !''Nun'' !'''''Samech''''' !'''''Ayin''''' !''Pe'' !'''''Tsade''''' !'''''Qof''''' !'''''Resh''''' !''Shin'' !'''''Tav''''' |- style="font-size:200%" | rowspan="2" |ל‎ |מ‎ |נ‎ | rowspan="2" |ס‎ | rowspan="2" |ע‎ |פ‎ |צ‎ | rowspan="2" |ק‎ | rowspan="2" |ר‎ | rowspan="2" |ש‎ | rowspan="2" |ת‎ |- |style="font-size:200%"|ם‎ |style="font-size:200%"|ן‎ |style="font-size:200%"|ף‎ |style="font-size:200%"|ץ‎ |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Alpabet-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Alpabet]] [[Horong:Heber]] hsp8aysr40fhjbpk1807tebw97w3lxx 0 549 18457 13176 2026-08-22T16:54:35Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Huta|ᯂᯮᯖ}} '''Huta''' ([[hata Indonesia]] : ''Desa'') i ma sada parbagian luat administratif di toru ni [[kecamatan]], molo ditilik sian sistem parbagian luat administratip di [[Indonesia]]. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Luat administrtip]] bhygzkvm3lp59m0312svicgofml3b0y 0 568 18284 16874 2026-08-22T14:04:50Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Huting|ᯂᯮᯖᯪᯰ}} [[Ugasan:Kemra2.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni Huting]] '''Huting''' ([[goar binomial]]: ''Felis catus'') i ma sada [[binatang]] jala pinahan [[mamalia]] [[karnipora]], na boi mangallang sude sipanganon, suansuanan, manang jagal. Goar ni huting somalna marlapatan tu huting na nunga dipahan jolma, agiat pe sipata marlapatan tu "huting na balga" songon [[singa]] manang [[babiat]]. {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Dorbia]] mx5u2jqtrwm4rw47x6bwa0zik5h2o88 0 569 18453 15060 2026-08-22T16:54:18Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18453 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Apple iPhone 15.jpeg|thumb|Gombar ni iPhone 15]] '''iPhone''' ima sada merk di [[talipon tangan]], talipon pistar, manang talipon seluler ([[Hata Indonesia]] : ''telepon genggam'') na parjolo dibahen tanggal 29 Juni 2007, na rincanghon parusahaan [[Apple Inc.]]. Sistem operasi na dipangke ima sistem iOS, na dibahen Apple, sanga ditanda jolma muse jouan na "iPhone OS". == Model == === Bangunan imbaru === {{Div col|colwidth=22em}} * [[iPhone 11]] (2019–nuaeng) * [[IPhone SE (generasi tu-3)|iPhone SE (tu-3)]] (2022–sonari) * [[iPhone 12]] (2020–sonari) * [[iPhone 12]] Mini (2020–sonari) * '''[[iPhone 13]]''' (2021–nuaeng) * '''[[iPhone 13]] Mini''' (2021–sonari) * '''[[iPhone 14]]''' (2022–sonari) * '''[[iPhone 14 Pro]] Max''' (2022–sonari) * '''[[iPhone 15]]''' (2023-sonari) * '''[[iPhone 15 Pro]] Max''' (2023-sonari) {{Div col end}} === Bangunan buruk === {{Div col|colwidth=22em}} * [[IPhone (generasi tu-1)|iPhone]] (2007–2008) * [[iPhone 3G]] (2008–2010) * [[iPhone 3GS]] (2009–2012) * [[iPhone 4]] (2010–2013) * [[iPhone 4S]] (2011–2014) * [[iPhone 5]] (2012–2013) * [[iPhone 5C]] (2013–2015) * [[iPhone 5S]] (2013–2016) * [[iPhone 6]] (2014–2016) * [[iPhone 6 Plus]] (2014–2016) * [[iPhone 6S]] (2015–2018) * [[iPhone 6S Plus]] (2015–2018) * [[IPhone SE (generasi tu-1)|iPhone SE (tu-1)]] (2016–2018) * [[iPhone 7]] (2016–2019) * [[iPhone 7 Plus]] (2016–2019) * [[iPhone 8]] (2017–2020) * [[iPhone 8 Plus]] (2017–2020) * [[iPhone X]] (2017–2018) * [[iPhone XR]] (2018–2021) * [[iPhone XS]] (2018–2019) * [[iPhone XS Max]] (2018–2019) * [[IPhone SE (generasi tu-2)|iPhone SE (tu-2)]] (2020–2022) * [[iPhone 11 Pro]] (2019–2020) * [[iPhone 11 Pro]] Max (2019–2020) * [[iPhone 12 Pro]] (2020–2021) * [[iPhone 12 Pro]] Max (2020–2021) * [[iPhone 13 Pro]] (2021–2022) * [[iPhone 13 Pro]] Max (2021–2022) {{Div col end}} == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Teknologi]] [[Horong:Talipon tangan]] dy0sgudzrma6iwxwmke5bk37fver2pk 0 570 18461 9236 2026-08-22T16:57:02Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18461 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Ida Pfeiffer.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Gambar ni Ida Laura Pfeiffer]] '''Ida Laura Pfeiffer''' (tubu 14 Oktober 1797 di [[Wina]] – monding 27 Oktober 1858 di Wina), née '''Reyer''', i ma sada halak paredangedang ([[hata Indonesia]]: ''penjelajah'') portibi dohot panurat ([[hata Indonesia]]: ''penulis'') na ro sian bangso [[Austria]]. Si Ida Laura ma muse sada boruboru parjolo na mangulahon pardalanan manghaliangi bahat bangso di saganop portibi on. Dihoranghorang taon 1852 tu 1953, sahat ma nasida tu [[Tao Toba]]. Disurat ibana sude pardalanani dibuku na, i ma marjudul " ''A Lady's Second Journey Round the World: From London to the Cape of Good Hope, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Ceram, the Moluccas, Etc., California, Panama, Peru, Ecuador, and the United States, Volume 1'' ".<ref name="TOBA"/> == Hangoluanna parjolo == Ida Laura tubu di kota [[Kota Wina|Wina]] sian kaluraga na mora, goar ni ama ni nasida i ma si Reyer. Di tingki dakdanak, si Laura humsumanan mamangke baju ni bawa, dung i muse, hobi ni ibana i ma marolahraga, mangihuthon amanta ni nasida. Taon 1802, tingki marumur 5 taon, dohot ma si Ida mangihut amana si Reyer tu Palestina dohot [[Misir]], jala on ma pardalanan parjolo ni ibana manghaliangi angka bangso di portibi on. Dung i, tingki marumur 9 taon, monding ma amani si Ida, Reyer. Hape inang ni nasida dang malehon ibana marparange halak bawa, gabe disuru ma si Laura asa boi mamangke baju ni dadaboru. Topet tanggal 1 Mei 1820, Ida Laura muli dohot Dr. Mark Anton Pfeiffer, sada pangondian ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''pengacara'') di kota [[Lemberg]] (saonari gabe kota Lviv, [[Ukraina]]) na adong hubunganna dohot pamarinta Austria. Dr. Pfeiffer sada duda jala nga adong sada ankna bawa, 24 taon umurna lobi untobangan sian si Ida. Dung i, Dr. Pfeiffer adong godang na marhosom roha, alani parkarejoanna mambukka angka kasus korupsi di [[Galisia (Eropa Tengah)|Galisia]], Austria. Alani ni i, si Pfeiffer gabe dipaksa mundur sian parkarejoanna dohot maol muse malului karejo na suman tu nasida. Parmantak ni sian parkarejoan, gabe maol ma parhepengon kaluarga ni ia dipaksa mundur jala maol mangalului karejo naimbaru. Asa boi mangganupi parhepengon, gabe karejo ma si Ida mangajar seni lukis dohot musik. Taon 1931, mondingma inong ni si Laura, dipatadingma saotik pustaka ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''warisan''), sian i ma dibahen si Laura laos manggaji guru tu pasingkolhan dua dakdanak ni nasida. Taon 1938, mondingma amangamang na, Dr. Mark Anton Pfeiffer. == Pardalanan ni Laura == [[Ugasan:Ida Pfeiffer Dauthage.jpg|250px|thumb|kanan|Ida Pfeiffer na naeng papunguhon binatang huhut mamboan jorat serangga dohot poti spesimen.]] Dung sude anakkonna adong jabuna be, Ida Pfeiffer naeng patupahon hagiotna tingki dakdanak, i ma naeng lao tu bahat bangso di portibion. Di sada bukuna ''Visit to Iceland'', ditulis ibana : <blockquote> "''Saat aku masih kecil, aku ingin sekali melihat dunia. Tiap kali aku melihat kereta kuda, aku tidak sengaja berhenti dan menatapnya terus-menerus sampai keretanya tidak terlihat; aku bahkan sempat iri dengan pengemudinya karena dia pasti memimpin perjalanan panjang tersebut sampai habis.''" </blockquote> Taon 1842, lao ma ibana tu sunge [[Danube]] sahat tu [[Laut Hitam]] dohot kota [[Istanbul]] di [[Turki]]. Sian i, borhat ma ibana tu [[Palestina]] dohot tu [[Misir]], dungi i mulak ma tu Austria lewat sian [[Italia]]. Ditulishon ibana ma sude pardalanan i di sada bukku martitel ''Reise einer Wienerin in das Heilige Land'' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: “Perjalanan seorang perempuan Wina ke Tanah Suci,” 2 vol., Wina, 1843); hepeng ni panabusian ni bukku i, dipangke naeng tu pardalanan na tujoloan. Taon 1845, borhat ma ibana tu [[Skandinavia]] dohot [[Islandia]]. Ditulis ibana ma muse pardalnan i tu bukku na martitel, ''Reise nach dem skandinavischen Norden und der Insel Island'' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: “Perjalanan ke Utara Skandinavia dan pulau Islandia,” Pest, 1846; Titel tu [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''Journey to Iceland, Sweden, and Norway'', London, 1852). === Hindia Bolanda === Dihoranghorang taon 1852 sahat tu 1853, sahat ma pardalanan ni Ida Laura tu tano Batak. Pardalanan on disurat ibana di bukku taon 1855, na martitel " ''A Lady's Second Journey Round the World: From London to the Cape of Good Hope, Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Ceram, the Moluccas, Etc., California, Panama, Peru, Ecuador, and the United States, Volume 1.'' " Di partongaan bulan Agustus 1852, borhat ma si Ida Laura dohot sada donganna sian [[Kota Padang|Padang]] tu bukit di Silindong, jonok tu [[Tao Toba]]. Alai, tingki so sahat dope tu Tao Toba, didok dongan nai ma tu si Ida, asa unang lao tusi, alana tinanda hala Batak tingki i kanibal. Di kota Padang, rencana pardalanan tu Tao Toba dijua angka halak disi. Dibege halaki molo dua [[misionaris]] sian Amerika Serikat, i ma Henry Lyman dohot Samuel Munson, dirimpu mate dipamate halak Batak taon 1835.<ref name="TOBA">{{cite web|url= https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/131775751/kengerian-pelancong-perempuan-pertama-di-batak-pada-abad-ke-19?page=all|title=Kengerian Pelancong Perempuan Pertama di Batak pada Abad ke-19|website=www.nationalgeographic.grid.id|accessdate=22 November 2020|lang=id}}</ref> Dibukku nai di tulis si Ida ma; <blockquote> "''Sebelum saya menyadarinya, sekawanan lelaki telah melingkari saya seraya menodongkan tombak mereka, dengan tatapan ngeri dan liar. Saya tidak mengerti apa yang terjadi selanjutnya, Saya merasa sudah pasti bahwa ini adalah akhir hidup saya.''" </blockquote> Adong mar 80 halak, mangambat pardalanan ni nasida dohot donganna, tingki sahat tu tano Batak. Alai dang habis angkal, dibahen ibana ma gaya [[pantomim]], naeng paboahon tu 80 halak i, molo ibana dang mabiar. Ibana iklas diboan alai ingkon diboan parjolo tu Eier Tau— Tao Toba. Mangida aha na dibahen si Ida, gabe mengkel ma sude halaki.<ref name="TOBA"/> == Pustaha == <references/> * Down, Alec. "Ida Pfeiffer in China: Examining the Suppression of Gender Roles in the Face of European Colonial Superiority" (2013). [http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/libraryrg_studentpub/13/ ''Library Research Grants''.] * Leidler, Keith (2005). "Female Caligula: Ranavalona, the Mad Queen of Madagascar", John Wiley & Sons, isbn= 0-470-02223-X * Mary Somers Heidhues (2004) “Woman on the Road: Ida Pfeiffer in the Indies,” ''Archipel'' 68 hlm. 289–313 [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_2004_num_68_1_3839 Online here] * Baker, D. B. (1996) “Pfeiffer, Wallace, Allen and Smith: the discovery of the Hymenoptera of the Malay Archipelago,” ''Archives of Natural History'' 23:153-200 ISSN 0260-9541 == Pranala luar == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181204151417/https://sophie.byu.edu/?q=node%2F3349 Works by Ida Laura Pfeiffer] di The Sophie Project * [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/18037 The Story of Ida Pfeiffer, and Her Travels in Many Lands], biografi tahun 1879. * 2 episode radio pendek '''''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071130165103/http://californialegacy.org/radio_anthology/scripts/pfeiffer.html American Steamers]''''' dan '''''[https://web.archive.org/web/20071130165103/http://californialegacy.org/radio_anthology/scripts/pfeiffer.html A Bear in the Streets]''''' sian ''A Lady's Second Journey Round the World'', 1855. [[California Legacy Project]]. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pfeiffer, Ida}} coi02ucunj0b978sh5z0kfg3z2d4dsq 0 571 18462 14283 2026-08-22T16:57:53Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Jonan2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ignasius Jonan, di taon 2019]] '''Ignasius Jonan, S.E.''' (surat na jolo: '''Ignasius Djonan''', tubu di [[Singapura]]) i ma sada [[pangusaha]] ni Indonesia na nung gabe [[Wp/bcc/Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia|Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral]] (ESDM) [[Wp/bcc/Indonesia|Indonesia]] sian [[14 Oktober]] [[2016]] ro di [[20 Oktober]] [[2019]]. Andorang i, nasida nung do gabe [[Wp/bcc/Daftar Menteri Perhubungan Indonesia|Menteri Perhubungan Indonesia]] sian [[27 Oktober]] [[2014]] ro di naginantihon ni [[Wp/bcc/Budi Karya Sumadi|Budi Karya Sumadi]] di tanggal [[27 Juli]] [[2016]]. Nasida hea do gabe Direktur Utama (Dirut) [[Wp/bcc/PT Kereta Api Indonesia|PT Kereta Api Indonesia]] (KAI) (Persero) uju di taon [[2009]] ro di 2014.<ref>[http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2012/08/31/15443791/Jonan.Mengubah.Indonesia.Lewat.Kereta.Api Kompas: Jonan, Mengubah Indonesia Lewat Kereta Api]</ref> == Parsingkolaan == Ignasius marsingkola di [[Wp/bcc/SMA Katolik St. Louis 1 Surabaya|SMA Katolik St. Louis 1 Surabaya]] jala di taon 1982 mambuat singkola S-1 Akuntansi, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UNAIR, lulus tahun 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://alumni.unair.ac.id/profile/94415463-95db-43cc-879f-3ec8b6e79c71|website=UNAIR Website|access-date=2025-10-19}}</ref> Jala hea do nasida marsingkola di Fletcher School, [[Wp/bcc/Universitas Tufts|Universitas Tufts]], [[Wp/bcc/Amerika Serikat|Amerika Serikat]]. == Parsorion == Mangalap boru do nasida na margoar Ratnawati Jonan<ref>[http://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2014/09/18/pt-kai-beri-santunan-ke-anak-yatim-jonan-hadir-ditemani-istri ''PT KAI Beri Santunan ke Anak Yatim, Jonan Hadir Ditemani Istri''.] Diakses dari situs berita TribunNews pada 3 November 2014</ref> Jala, dibasabasahon Debata do do dua dakdanak boru di nasida, Monica dan Caterine.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190305043635/http://korankota.co.id/index.php/web/profil/169/ignasius-jonan-saya-melihat-cukup-banyak-penumpang-ka-ekonomi-naik-taksi ''Ignasius Jonan: Saya Melihat Cukup Banyak Penumpang KA Ekonomi Naik Taksi''.] Diakses dari situs berita Koran Kota pada 3 November 2014</ref> == Referensi == <references /> == Pranala luar == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151125184722/http://www.kereta-api.co.id/ Situs web resmi PT Kereta Api Indonesia] * [http://bisniskeuangan.kompas.com/read/2013/10/10/1003490/Kisah.Ignasius.Jonan.dan.Toilet.Kereta.Api Kisah Ignasius Jonan dan Toilet Kereta Api] * [http://news.okezone.com/read/2014/12/02/17/1073622/ignasius-jonan Ignasius Jonan - Okezone.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230829123304/https://alumni.unair.ac.id/ Situs resmi Alumni Universitas Airlangga] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Partogi]] [[Horong:Menteri Kabinet Kerja]] [[Horong:Direktur Utama BUMN]] [[Horong:Tionghoa-Indonesia]] [[Horong:Alumni Universitas Airlangga]] 9b3uc9dt5jlb30cgvb69dq8ycyqn7fo 0 573 18463 4686 2026-08-22T16:58:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:AdhesivesForHouseUse004.jpg|thumb|Imbalo]] '''Imbalo''' i ma bahan longkot na boi malongkothon 2 barang manang lobi. Imbalo boi ditompa sian suansuanan manang binatang, nang bahan kimia sian miak. Imbalo na parjolo atik i ma sian gota ni hau na ditobang. dilaonlaon ni ari gabe diboto manisia manompa imbalo sian mambolgang pat, holi, nang holi ni binatang. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ulaula]] fr69j9wa229u5qe9224bg8i6eusi5gw 0 575 18127 12482 2026-08-22T13:16:03Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18127 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik India'''<br>'''''Bhārat Gaṇarājya'''''</big></big><br><small>(ida muse [[Goar ni India di bagasan parhataan resmi|goar ni India di parhataan lokal na asing]])</small> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of India.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Emblem of India.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>"[[Jana Gana Mana]]"<br>"Hamu do Sigomgom i Pingkiran ni Saluhut Jolma" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Jana Gana Mana instrumental.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:India (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Luat na digomgomi (ijo matua)<br> Luat na diklaim bondana, hape dang digomgomi (ijo muda) |} '''India''' ([[Hata Hindi]] : ''Bhārat''), goar resmina '''Republik India''' ([[Hata Hindi]] : भारत गणराज्य; ''Bhārat Gaṇarājya'') i ma sada nagara na maringanan di luat [[Asia Dangsina]]. Nagara paduahon na gumodang jolmana dohot 1.210.854.977 do bilangan ni jolmana marbingkas sian sensus di taon 2011,<ref>[https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html ''2011 Census Data''] Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Dibungka di ari 13 Juli 2021</ref> nagara paputihon na umbalga di portibi on molo diida sian luat tanona. [[New Delhi]] do huta sabungan ni India. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{Asia-stub}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] m4lup4z57obg6ddp8pvf2il0ptbamny 0 576 18126 12797 2026-08-22T13:15:44Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Northeast India.svg|200px|thumb|right|Peta ni India Irisanna]] '''India Irisanna''', goar resmina '''Luat India Irisanna''' ([[Hata Inggeris]] : '''''North Eastern Region'' (NER)'''), i ma sada luat na maringanan di bagian habinsaran ni [[India]]. Adong do ualu nagara bagian di India Irisanna. [[Guwahati]] i ma sada luat metropolitan na umbalga di India Irisanna. Marbatasan dohot nagara na asing do sebagian luat nion, songon [[Nepal]], [[Sina|Republik Halak Sina]], [[Bhutan]], [[Myanmar]], dohot [[Bangladesh]]. ==Nagara bagian di India Irisanna== [[Ugasan:Northeast india.png|300px|thumb|right|Nagara bagian di India Irisanna]] On ma ualu nagara bagian na adong di India Irisanna i ma: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Nagara bagian !! Huta sabungan |- | [[Arunachal Pradesh]] || [[Itanagar]] |- | [[Assam]] || [[Dispur]] |- | [[Manipur]] || [[Imphal]] |- | [[Meghalaya]] || [[Shillong]] |- | [[Mizoram]] || [[Aizawl]] |- | [[Nagaland]] || [[Kohima]] |- | [[Sikkim]] || [[Gangtok]] |- | [[Tripura]] || [[Agartala]] |} ==Demograpi== Marbingkas sian Sensus India di taon 2011, adong do 45.586.784 jolma do bilangan ni halak na tading di India Irisanna. ===Parhataan resmi=== On ma parhataan resmi na diparhaseanghon di ganup nagara bagian di India Irisanna i ma: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Nagara bagian !! Hata resmi |- | Arunachal Pradesh || [[Hata Hindi|Hindi]], [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]] |- | Assam || [[Hata Assam|Assam]], [[Hata Bengali|Bengali]] (di [[Rura Barak]]), [[Hata Bodo|Bodo]] (di [[Bodoland]]) |- | Manipur || [[Hata Manipur|Meitei]] |- | Meghalaya || [[Hata Khasi|Khasi]], [[Hata Garo|Garo]], [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]] |- | Mizoram || [[Hata Mizo|Mizo]], [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]] |- | Nagaland || [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]] |- | Sikkim || [[Hata Nepal|Nepal]], [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]] |- | Tripura || [[Hata Bengali|Bengali]], [[Hata Kokborok|Kokborok]], [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]] |} ===Puak=== India Irisanna marnampunahon lobi sian 220 puak jala [[Halak Bodo|Bodo]] gabe sada puak na umbalga di si. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{India-stub}} [[Horong:India]] osd90p874g9zc35aqgarcyfi41cqos8 0 577 18128 17557 2026-08-22T13:18:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Indonesia|ᯀᯪᯉ᯲ᯑᯬᯉᯩᯘᯪᯀ}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik Indonesia | common_name = Indonesia | image_flag = Flag of Indonesia.svg | image_coat = National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg | coa_size = 79px | symbol_type = Partanda negara | national_motto = "[[Bhinneka Tunggal Ika]]" {{small|([[Bahasa Jawa Kuno|Jawa Kuno]])}} <br> ("Berbeda-beda tetapi satu jua") | other_symbol = {{IAST|[[Pancasila]]}} ([[Bahasa Sanskerta|Sanskerta]]) | other_symbol_type = Ideologi nasional: | national_anthem = <br />[[Indonesia Raya]]<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Indonesia Raya instrumental.ogg]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[Ugasan:Indonesia (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Tampilkan globe|[[Ugasan:Location Indonesia ASEAN.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Tampilkan peta ASEAN|[[Ugasan:Peta_provinsi_Indonesia.png|frameless]]|Tampilkan peta pembagian administratif}} | map_caption = | map_width = 230px | image_map2 = Indonesia - Location Map (2013) - IDN - UNOCHA-id.svg | capital = [[Jakarta]] | coordinates = {{coord|6|11|S|106|50|E|type:city}} | largest_city = [[Jakarta]] | official_languages = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] | recognized_regional_languages = Lobi sian [[Parhataan di Indonesia|700 hata]]<ref name="ethnologue">{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/ID/languages|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty-first edition|last1=Simons|first1=Gary F.|last2=Fennig|first2=Charles D.|publisher=[[SIL International]]|language=en|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} * 40,22% [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]] * 15,50% [[Halak Sunda|Sunda]] * 3,58% [[Halak Batak|Batak]] * 3,03% [[Halak Madura|Madura]] * 2,88% [[Halak Betawi|Betawi]] * 2,73% [[Halak Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] * 2,69% [[Halak Bugis|Bugis]] * 2,27% [[Halak Melayu|Melayu]] * 27,10% [[Halak di Indonesia|Halak na Asing]] {{tree list/end}} | ethnic_groups_ref =<ref name="SUKU">{{Cite web|url=http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|title=Kewarganegaraan Suku Bangsa, Agama, Bahasa 2010|website=demografi.bps.go.id|publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]|year=2010|format=PDF|accessdate=9 Februari 2025|pages=31, 36-41|archive-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712140438/http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | religion_year = [[2023]] | religion = {{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |87,06% [[Silom di Indonesia|Silom]] |{{Tree list}} * 10,47% [[Kristen di Indonesia|Kristen]] ** 7,4% [[Huria Protestan di Indonesia|Protestan]] ** 3,1% [[Huria Katolik di Indonesia|Katolik]] {{Tree list/end}} |1,69% [[Hindu di Indonesia|Hindu]]|0,7% [[Buddha di Indonesia|Buddha]]|0,03% [[Kong Hu Chu di Indonesia|Kong Hu Chu]]|0,04% [[Aliran Kepercayaan]] <br/> dohot [[Ugamo di Indonesia|na Asing]]}} | religion_ref = <ref>{{cite web| url= https://e-database.kemendagri.go.id/dataset/1203/tabel-data?page=23| title= Agama di Indonesia| access-date= 21 Juni 2024| archive-date= 21 Juni 2024| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240621091542/https://e-database.kemendagri.go.id/dataset/1203/tabel-data?page=23| url-status= live}}</ref> | demonym = | government_type = [[Negara kesatuan|Kesatuan]] [[Sistem Presidensial|Presidensial]] [[Republik]] [[Konstitusional]] | leader_title1 = [[Presiden ni Indonesia|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Prabowo Subiantol]] | leader_title2 = [[Uakil Presiden ni Indonesia|Wakil Presiden]] | leader_name2 = [[Gibran Rakabooming Raka]] | legislature = [[Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Republik Indonesia|Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat]] (MPR) | upper_house = [[Dewan Perwakilan Daerah Republik Indonesia|Dewan Perwakilan Daerah]] (DPD) | lower_house = [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat]] (DPR) | sovereignty_type = Haulaon | sovereignty_note = <!--dari [[Imperium kolonial Belanda|Belanda]]--><!-- Berdasarkan konsensus, tolong diskusikan di Halaman Pembicaraan sebelum mengubah Belanda ke Jepang, atau menambahkan keduanya --> | established_event1 = [[Proklamasi Haluaon Indonesia|Diproklamasihon]] (panjongjongan sian taon) | established_date1 = 17 Agustus 1945 | established_event2 = [[Konperensi Meja Bundar|Ditanda]] (songon [[Republik Indonesia Serikat|RIS]]) | established_date2 = 27 Desember 1949 | area_km2 = 1904569 | area_footnote = <ref name="area">{{cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2004/Table03.pdf|title=UN Statistics|publisher=[[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]|language=en|date=2005|access-date=31 Oktober 2007|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031023924/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2004/Table03.pdf|archive-date=31 Oktober 2007}}</ref> | area_rank = ke-14 | percent_water = 4,85 | population_estimate = {{increaseNeutral}} 284,973,643<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Sistem Informasi Geografis Kependudukan |url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/ |via=Direktorat Jenderal Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil |publisher=Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date=23 Maret 2025 }}</ref> | population_census = 270.203.917<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sensus.bps.go.id/topik/tabular/sp2020/83/175748/0|language=id|title=Jumlah Penduduk Hasil SP menurut Wilayah dan Jenis Kelamin, Indonesia 2020|publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik|access-date=31 Mei 2022}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_census_year = 2020 | population_census_rank = ke-4 | population_density_km2 = 143 | population_density_rank = ke-60 | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $5,009 triliun<ref name="IMF">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=536,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2024&ey=2030&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=23 April 2025}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 estimasi | GDP_PPP_rank = ke-8 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $17,612<ref name="IMF" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ke-102 | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $1,429 triliun<ref name="IMF" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 estimasi | GDP_nominal_rank = ke-16 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $5,027<ref name="IMF" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ke-118 | Gini = 37.9 | Gini_year = 2021 | Gini_change = steady<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="GINI Indonesia">{{cite web|title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) - Indonesia|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=ID|publisher=[[Bank Dunia]]|language=en|date=2021|access-date=4 Mei 2022}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.713 | HDI_year = 2022 | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="2023-2024 components">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2023-2024: Breaking the gridlock: Reimagining cooperation in a polarized world|date=13 Maret 2024|publisher=[[Program Pembangunan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]]|language=en|page=274-277|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|access-date=13 Maret 2024}}</ref> | HDI_rank = ke-112 | currency = [[Rupiah]] (Rp) | currency_code = IDR | time_zone = [[Waktu di Indonesia|beragam]] | utc_offset = [[UTC+7|+7]] sampai [[UTC+9|+9]] | date_format = DD/MM/YYYY | drives_on = kiri<!--Note that this refers to the side of the road used, not the seating of the driver--> | calling_code = [[Daftar kode telepon di Indonesia|+62]] | cctld = [[.id]] | official_website = {{URL|https://indonesia.go.id}} | footnotes = <!--{{notelist}}--> }} '''Indonesia''' ([[Surat Batak]]: ᯀᯪᯉ᯲ᯑᯬᯉᯩᯘᯪᯀ), goar resmina '''Republik Indonesia''' (ᯒᯩᯇᯮᯅ᯲ᯞᯪᯂ᯲ᯀᯪᯉ᯲ᯑᯬᯉᯩᯘᯪᯀ), i ma nagara na maringanan di [[Asia Anggoni]] dohot [[Oseania]], di antara ni [[Samudora Hindia]] dohot [[Samudora Pasipik]]. Lobi sian sampulu ribu pulo na adong di Indonesia, tarmasuk pe [[Pulo Sumatera]], [[Pulo Jawa]], [[Pulo Kalimantan]], [[Pulo Sulawesi]] jala [[Pulo Papua]]. Indonesia i ma [[nagara hapuloan]] na umbalga jala nagara pasampuluopathon na umbalga molo diida sian bidang ni luatna (1.904.569 km² manang 735.358 mil persegi). Adong do 267.670.543 populasina di taon 2018 jala mambahen Indonesia gabe nagara paopathon na gumodang di portibi wowo oniichan fufa. Huta sabungan ni Indonesia maringanan di [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]], na gabe [[luat ni urban]] paduahon na gumodang di portibi. == Ruas administrasi == Indonesia dibagi gabe 38 [[Propinsi di Indonesia|propinsi]], jala propinsi ma tingkat ruas parjolo. Di toru on ma tingkatan ni ruas na adong di Indonesia {|class="wikitable" |- !Tingkat !Tipe<br>(Indonesia) !Tipe<br>(Batak Toba) !Goar ni pamarinta<br>([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]) !Goar ni pamarinta<br>([[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]) !Bahatna |- | I | ''Provinsi'' | [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] | ''Gubernur'' | ''Governor'' | 38<ref name="Dagri">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200807190733/https://www.kemendagri.go.id/media/filemanager/2018/04/13/f/i/file_1.pdf ''Rekapitulasi Jumlah PPID Provinsi, Kabupaten, dan Kota''] (4 April 2018), ''Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia'', Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> |- | rowspan=2 | II | ''Kabupaten'' | Kabupaten | ''[[Bupati]]'' | ''Regent'' | 416<ref name="Dagri"/> |- | ''Kota'' | Kota | ''[[Wali Kota]]'' | ''Mayor'' | 98<ref name="Dagri"/> |- | III | ''Kecamatan'', ''distrik'', ''kapanewon'', manang ''kemantren'' | Distrik | ''Camat'', ''kepala distrik'', ''panewu'' manang ''mantri pamong praja'' | ''Head of district'' | 7,024<ref>[https://www.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2015/09/07/857/jumlah-kecamatan-menurut-provinsi-2004-2014.html ''Jumlah Kecamatan Menurut Provinsi, 2004–2014''] (7 September 2015), ''Central Agency on Statistics of Indonesia'', Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> |- | IV | ''Desa'' manang ''kelurahan'' | Huta manang Kelurahan | ''Kepala desa'' manang ''lurah'' | ''Head of village''/''subdistrict'' | 83,441<ref>[http://jdih.kemendagri.go.id/jdih/uploads/Permendagri/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf ''Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan'' (2019)], ''Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia)'', Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> |} == Propinsi == [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] na adong di Indonesia ima 38 propinsi, di toru on ma angka propinsi i; {| style="background:none;" cellspacing="2" | {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;" |- style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;" ! scope="col" style="width:3px;" | No ! scope="col" style="width:80px;" | Pulo ! scope="col" style="width:120px;" | Propinsi ! scope="col" style="width:100px;" | Huta sabungan ! scope="col" style="width:60px;" | Area (km²)<ref>[https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2014/09/05/1366/luas-daerah-dan-jumlah-pulau-menurut-provinsi-2002-2016.html Luas Daerah dan Jumlah Pulau Menurut Provinsi 2002-2016], www.bps.go.id, Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:80px;" | Populasi<br />(2022)<ref>[https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama ''Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama 2022''] (2022), www.satudata.kemenag.go.id, Diakses tanggal 9 Juli 2023</ref> |- | 1 || Sumatera || [[Aceh]] ||[[Kota Banda Aceh|Banda Aceh]] || style="text-align:right" | 57.956,00 || style="text-align:right"| 5.432.312 |- | 2 || Sumatera || [[Sumatera Utara]] ||[[Kota Medan|Medan]] || style="text-align:right" | 72.981,23 || style="text-align:right"| 15.372.437 |- | 3 || Sumatera || [[Sumatera Pastima]] ||[[Kota Padang|Padang]] || style="text-align:right" | 42.012,89 || style="text-align:right"| 5.664.988 |- | 4 || Sumatera || [[Riau]] ||[[Kota Pekanbaru|Pekanbaru]] || style="text-align:right" | 87.023,66 || style="text-align:right"| 6.743.099 |- | 5 || Sumatera || [[Pulo Riau]] ||[[Kota Tanjungpinang|Tanjungpinang]] || style="text-align:right" | 8.201,72|| style="text-align:right"| 2.133.491 |- | 6 || Sumatera || [[Jambi]] ||[[Kota Jambi|Jambi]] || style="text-align:right" | 50.058,16 || style="text-align:right"| 3.696.044 |- | 7 || Sumatera || [[Sumatera Dangsina]] ||[[Kota Palembang|Palembang]] || style="text-align:right" | 91.592,43 || style="text-align:right"| 8.755.074 |- | 8 || Sumatera || [[Pulo Bangka Belitung]] ||[[Kota Pangkalpinang|Pangkalpinang]] || style="text-align:right" | 16.424,06 || style="text-align:right"| 1.490.418 |- | 9 || Sumatera || [[Bengkulu]] ||[[Kota Bengkulu|Bengkulu]] || style="text-align:right" | 19.919,33 || style="text-align:right"| 2.065.573 |- | 10 || Sumatera || [[Lampung]] ||[[Kota Bandar Lampung|Bandar Lampung]] || style="text-align:right" | 34,623,80 || style="text-align:right"| 8.947.458 |- | 11 || Jawa || [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI Jakarta]] ||[[Jakarta Pusat]] || style="text-align:right" | 664,01 || style="text-align:right"| 10.562.088 |- | 12 || Jawa || [[Jawa Pastima]] ||[[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] || style="text-align:right" | 35.377,76 || style="text-align:right"| 48.274.162 |- | 13 || Jawa || [[Banten]] ||[[Kota Serang|Serang]] || style="text-align:right" | 9.662,92 || style="text-align:right"| 11.904.562 |- | 14 || Jawa || [[Jawa Tonga]] ||[[Kota Semarang|Semarang]] || style="text-align:right" | 32.800,69 || style="text-align:right"| 36.516.035 |- | 15 || Jawa || [[Daerah Istimewa Jogjakarta|DI Jogjakarta]] ||[[Kota Jogjakarta|Jogjakarta]] || style="text-align:right" | 3.133,15 || style="text-align:right"| 3.668.719 |- | 16 || Jawa || [[Jawa Purba]] ||[[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]] || style="text-align:right" | 47.799,75 || style="text-align:right"| 40.665.696 |- | 17 || Nusa Tenggara || [[Bali]] ||[[Kota Denpasar|Denpasar]] || style="text-align:right" | 5.780,06 || style="text-align:right"| 4.317.404 |- | 18 || Nusa Tenggara || [[Nusa Tenggara Pastima|NTB]] ||[[Kota Mataram|Mataram]] || style="text-align:right" | 18.572,32 || style="text-align:right"| 5.320.092 |- | 19 || Nusa Tenggara || [[Nusa Tenggara Purba|NTT]] ||[[Kota Kupang|Kupang]] || style="text-align:right" | 48.718,10 || style="text-align:right"| 5.325.566 |- | 20 || Kalimantan || [[Kalimantan Pastima]] ||[[Kota Pontianak|Pontianak]] || style="text-align:right" | 147.307,00 || style="text-align:right"| 5.414.390 |- | 21 || Kalimantan || [[Kalimantan Tonga]] ||[[Kota Palangka Raya|Palangka Raya]] || style="text-align:right" | 153.564,50 || style="text-align:right"| 2.669.969 |- | 22 || Kalimantan || [[Kalimantan Dangsina]] ||[[Kota Banjarmasin|Banjarmasin]] || style="text-align:right" | 38.744,23 || style="text-align:right"| 4.073.584 |- | 23 || Kalimantan || [[Kalimantan Purba]] ||[[Kota Samarinda|Samarinda]] || style="text-align:right" | 129.066,64 || style="text-align:right"| 3.766.039 |- | 24 || Kalimantan || [[Kalimantan Utara]] ||[[Tanjung Selor, Bulungan|Tanjung Selor]] || style="text-align:right" | 75.467,70 || style="text-align:right"| 701.814 |- | 25 || Sulawesi || [[Sulawesi Utara]] ||[[Kota Manado|Manado]] || style="text-align:right" | 13.851,64 || style="text-align:right"| 2.621.923 |- | 26 || Sulawesi || [[Gorontalo]] ||[[Kota Gorontalo|Gorontalo]] || style="text-align:right" | 11.257,07 || style="text-align:right"| 1.171.681 |- | 27 || Sulawesi || [[Sulawesi Tonga]] ||[[Kota Palu|Palu]] || style="text-align:right" | 61.841,29 || style="text-align:right"| 2.985.734 |- | 28 || Sulawesi || [[Sulawesi Pastima]] ||[[Kabupaten Mamuju|Mamuju]] || style="text-align:right" | 16.787,18 || style="text-align:right"| 1.450.610 |- | 29 || Sulawesi || [[Sulawesi Dangsina]] ||[[Kota Makassar|Makassar]] || style="text-align:right" | 46.717,48 || style="text-align:right"| 9.073.509 |- | 30 || Sulawesi || [[Sulawesi Anggoni]] ||[[Kota Kendari|Kendari]] || style="text-align:right" | 38.067,70 || style="text-align:right"| 2.624.875 |- | 31 || Maluku || [[Maluku]] ||[[Kota Ambon|Ambon]] || style="text-align:right" | 46.914,03 || style="text-align:right"| 1.848.923 |- | 32 || Maluku || [[Maluku Utara]] ||[[Sopipi, Oba Utara, Tidore Kepulauan|Sopipi]] || style="text-align:right" | 31.982,50 || style="text-align:right"| 1.282.937 |- | 33 || Papua || [[Papua Pastima]] ||[[Kabupaten Manokwari|Manokwari]] || style="text-align:right" | 64.134,66 || style="text-align:right"| 559.361 |- | 34 || Papua || [[Papua]] ||[[Kota Jayapura]] || style="text-align:right" | 82.680,95 || style="text-align:right"| 1.073.354 |- | 35 || Papua || [[Papua Dangsina]] || [[Kabupaten Merauke|Merauke]] || style="text-align:right" | 117.833,92 || style="text-align:right" | 522.844 |- | 36 || Papua || [[Papua Nariti]] || [[Kota Sorong]] || style="text-align:right" | 39.167 || style="text-align:right" | 604.698 |- | 37 || Papua || [[Papua Dolok]] || [[Kabupaten Jayawijaya|Jayawijaya]] || style="text-align:right" | 88.416,64 || style="text-align:right" | 1.459.544 |- | 38 || Papua || [[Papua Tonga]] || [[Kabupaten Nabire|Nabire]] || style="text-align:right" | 60.491,24 || style="text-align:right" | 1.348.463 |- | colspan=3 |<div style="text-align:center">'''Indonesia'''</div>||[[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|DKI Jakarta ]] || style="text-align:right" | '''1.913.578,68''' || style="text-align:right"| '''270.203.917''' |} ![[Ugasan:Indonesia provinces 1945-2012.gif|center|500px|upright=2]] <br>[[Ugasan:Indonesia, administrative divisions - en - monochrome.svg|center|500px|upright=2]] |} == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala ruar == {{Commons|Category:Indonesia}}{{Authority control}}{{Asia-stub}} {{Oseania-stub}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] 3hkjwkuh5rirbkpw10lzicx28afsy06 0 578 18464 8277 2026-08-22T16:58:32Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18464 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Indonesia Raya 1945.ogv|thumb|right|Logu Indonesia Raya na direkam taon 1945. On ma logu panjahaan nadung salpu (''ejaan lama'')]] [[Ugasan:Indonesia Raya Simfoni dan Vokal 1 Bait.ogg|thumb|right|Logu Habangsaoon Republik Indonesia dohot Parende]] '''''Indonesia Raya''''' ima [[logu habangsoon]] ni '''[[Indonesia|Republik Indonesia]]'''. Logu on parjolo hali dipatandahon panompana ima [[Wage Rudolf Soepratman]], tanggal [[28 Oktober]] [[1928]] tingki adong asara [[Kongres Pemuda II]] di [[Jakarta|Batavia]]. Logu on ma sada tanda tubu [[nasionalisme]] di saluhut ni huta di [[Indonesia]] mangamini sada "Indonesia", tingki masa ni Koloni [[Bolanda]]. Stanza parjolo sian ''Indonesia Raya'' dipilllit gabe logu habangsoon Indonesia memproklamasihon mardeka tanggal [[17 Agustus]] [[1945]]. == Lirik asli, jahaan 1958, dohot Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan (EYD) == {| class="wikitable" !Lirik asli (1928)<br>'''INDONESIA RAJA'''<ref name=pp28-30>Harvnb. ''Panitia Penyusun Naskah Brosur Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya'' (1972). alaman 28–30</ref> ! Lirik resmi (1958)<br>'''INDONESIA RAJA'''<ref>Harvnb. ''Panitia Penyusun Naskah Brosur Lagu Kebangsaan Indonesia Raya'' (1972). alaman 54–55</ref> !Lirik modern<br>'''INDONESIA RAYA'''<ref>Harvnb. ''Sularto'' (1982), alaman 44–46</ref> |- |'''I''' <poem> Indonesia, tanah airkoe, Tanah toempah darahkoe, Disanalah akoe berdiri, Mendjaga Pandoe Iboekoe. ::Indonesia kebangsaankoe, ::Kebangsaan tanah airkoe, ::Marilah kita berseroe: ::"Indonesia Bersatoe". Hidoeplah tanahkoe, Hidoeplah neg'rikoe, Bangsakoe, djiwakoe, semoea, Bangoenlah rajatnja, Bangoenlah badannja, Oentoek Indonesia Raja. </poem> '''II''' <poem> Indonesia, tanah jang moelia, Tanah kita jang kaja, Disanalah akoe hidoep, Oentoek s'lama-lamanja. ::Indonesia, tanah poesaka, ::Poesaka kita semoea, ::Marilah kita mendoa: ::"Indonesia Bahagia". Soeboerlah tanahnja, Soeboerlah djiwanja, Bangsanja, rajatnja, semoeanja, Sedarlah hatinja, Sedarlah boedinja, Oentoek Indonesia Raja. </poem> '''III''' <poem> Indonesia, tanah jang soetji, Bagi kita disini, Disanalah kita berdiri, Mendjaga Iboe sedjati. ::Indonesia, tanah berseri, ::Tanah jang terkoetjintai, ::Marilah kita berdjandji: ::"Indonesia Bersatoe" S'lamatlah rajatnja, S'lamatlah poet'ranja, Poelaoenja, laoetnja, semoea, Madjoelah neg'rinja, Madjoelah Pandoenja, Oentoek Indonesia Raja. </poem> '''Refrain''' <poem> Indones', Indones', Moelia, Moelia, Tanahkoe, neg'rikoe jang koetjinta. Indones', Indones', Moelia, Moelia, Hidoeplah Indonesia Raja. </poem> |'''I''' <poem> Indonesia tanah airku, Tanah tumpah darahku, Disanalah aku berdiri, Djadi pandu ibuku. ::Indonesia kebangsaanku, ::Bangsa dan tanah airku, ::Marilah kita berseru, ::Indonesia bersatu. Hiduplah tanahku, Hiduplah neg'riku, Bangsaku, Rajatku, sem'wanja, Bangunlah djiwanja, Bangunlah badannja, Untuk Indonesia Raja. </poem> '''II''' <poem> Indonesia, tanah jang mulia, Tanah kita jang kaja, Disanalah aku berdiri, Untuk s'lama-lamanja. ::Indonesia, tanah pusaka, ::P'saka kita semuanja, ::Marilah kita mendoa, ::Indonesia bahagia. Suburlah tanahnja, Suburlah djiwanja, Bangsanja, Rajatnja, sem'wanja, Sadarlah hatinja, Sadarlah budinja, Untuk Indonesia Raja. </poem> '''III''' <poem> Indonesia, tanah jang sutji, Tanah kita jang sakti, Disanalah aku berdiri, Ndjaga ibu sedjati. ::Indonesia, tanah berseri, ::Tanah jang aku sajangi, ::Marilah kita berdjandji, ::Indonesia abadi. S'lamatlah rakjatnja, S'lamatlah putranja, Pulaunja, lautnja, sem'wanja, Madjulah Neg'rinja, Madjulah pandunja, Untuk Indonesia Raja. </poem> '''Refrain''' <poem> Indonesia Raja, Merdeka, merdeka, Tanahku, neg'riku jang kutjinta! Indonesia Raja, Merdeka, merdeka, Hiduplah Indonesia Raja. </poem> | '''I''' <poem> Indonesia tanah airku, Tanah tumpah darahku, Di sanalah aku berdiri, Jadi pandu ibuku. ::Indonesia kebangsaanku, ::Bangsa dan tanah airku, ::Marilah kita berseru, ::Indonesia bersatu. Hiduplah tanahku, Hiduplah negeriku, Bangsaku, Rakyatku, semuanya, Bangunlah jiwanya, Bangunlah badannya, Untuk Indonesia Raya. </poem> '''II''' <poem> Indonesia, tanah yang mulia, Tanah kita yang kaya, Di sanalah aku berdiri, Untuk selama-lamanya. ::Indonesia, tanah pusaka, ::Pusaka kita semuanya, ::Marilah kita mendoa, ::Indonesia bahagia. Suburlah tanahnya, Suburlah jiwanya, Bangsanya, Rakyatnya, semuanya, Sadarlah hatinya, Sadarlah budinya, Untuk Indonesia Raya. </poem> '''III''' <poem> Indonesia, tanah yang suci, Tanah kita yang sakti, Di sanalah aku berdiri, Jaga ibu sejati. ::Indonesia, tanah berseri, ::Tanah yang aku sayangi, ::Marilah kita berjanji, ::Indonesia abadi. Selamatlah rakyatnya, Selamatlah putranya, Pulaunya, lautnya, semuanya, Majulah Negerinya, Majulah pandunya, Untuk Indonesia Raya. </poem> '''Refrain''' <poem> Indonesia Raya, Merdeka, merdeka, Tanahku, negeriku yang kucinta! Indonesia Raya, Merdeka, merdeka, Hiduplah Indonesia Raya. </poem> |} == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} 5z1elodiioggz949ifeqs4pq7tst0hp 0 579 18361 8665 2026-08-22T16:03:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18361 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Inggeris'''<br>'''''England'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of England.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Map of England within the United Kingdom.svg|140px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Inggeris di bagas ni [[Britania Godang]] |} '''Inggeris''' ([[Hata Inggeris]]: ''England'') i ma sada luat na gabe bagian ni [[Britania Godang]]. Inggeris maringanan di antara ni [[Wales]] di pastima jala [[Skotlandia]] di utara. [[Hata Inggeris]], [[Gareja Anglikan]] jala [[Uhum Inggeris|Uhum Inggris]] - na gabe parmulaan ni [[Common Law|''Common Law'']] - digandahon sian Inggeris. Huta sabungan ni Inggeris maringanan di [[London]]. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] 8zdpjztixdiq2g4927q5fqni6bexib9 0 580 18467 15270 2026-08-22T16:59:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Interlingue''' manang '''Occidental''', i ma sada parhataan na dibahen [[Edgar de Wahl]] jala dirongkom taon 1922. == Sastra == Angka suratan sastra hadohoan di Occidental mullop di Cosmoglotta. Adong museng angka marpiga suratan, manang na tulen sangape naung dilapatani, dirongkom di Interlingue. * Kajš, Jan Amos (1938) ''Krasina, raconta del subterrania del Moravian carst''. * Podobský, Jaroslav (1935/1947) ''Li astres del Verne''. * Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas''<ref>[https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/li-sercha-in-li-castelle-dewahl-e-altri-racontas/paperback/product-4gj9w8.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas]</ref>. * Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Antologie hispan''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220409004527/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/antologie-hispan/paperback/product-pmknpz.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Antologie hispan]</ref>. * Costalago, Vicente (2021) ''Fabules, racontas e mites''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220409004527/https://www.lulu.com/en/en/shop/vicente-costalago-v%C3%A1zquez/fabules-contes-e-mites/paperback/product-4g6ezk.html?page=1&pageSize=4 Fabules, racontas e mites]</ref>. == Pustaha == <references/>{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Interlingue]] 41uc1segl76mjcfvfnyr6aiwlvytuln 0 582 18360 15048 2026-08-22T16:03:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18360 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Israel'''<br>'''ישראל''' ([[Hata Heber]])<br>'''إسرائيل''' ([[Hata Arab]])</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Israel.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Emblem of Israel.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Bandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan : <br>[[Hatikvah|''Hatikvah'']] <br>([[Hata Batak Toba]] : "Panghiriman) |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Hatikvah instrumental.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:ISR orthographic.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Peta ni Israel |} '''Israel''' manang '''Sorail''' ([[Hata Heber]]: ישראל, tr. ''Yishra'el''; [[Hata Arab]]: إسرائيل, tr. ''Isra'il''), goar resmina '''Nagara Israel''' ([[Hata Heber]] : מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, tr. ''Medinat Yishra'el'') i ma sada nagara di [[Asia Pastima]], na maringanan di pante anggoni ni [[Laut Mediterania]] jala di pantai utara ni [[Laut Teberau]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070715095256/http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&year=2007&country=7199 Map of Freedom in the World]</ref> Marbatasan dohot [[Libanon]] di bagian utara, [[Siria]] di bagian irisanna, [[Jordania]] di bagian purba, luat ni [[Palestina]] i do [[Topi Hasundutan]] di bagian purba dohot [[Gaza]], jala [[Misir]] di bagian pastima. Pusok ni ekonomi dohot teknologi di Israel i ma maringanan di [[Tel Aviv]], tagan [[Jerusalem]] na gabe pusok pamarentahon binahenon gabe huta sabungan ni Israel, nang pe saotik do nagara na mardaulat marhatingkoshon i. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] p3vfc989yapcnrspr5v2dpqriz5qcm6 0 583 18129 15033 2026-08-22T13:18:46Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18129 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Italia'''<br>''Repubblica Italiana''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Italy.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Emblem of Italy.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>''[[Il Canto degli Italiani]]''<br>"Ende ni Halak Italia" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:National anthem of Italy - U.S. Navy Band (long version).ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:EU-Italy (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Inganan ni Italia (ijo matua)<br>- di banua [[Eropa]] (ijo torang dohot hulabu)<br>- di bagasan [[Uni Eropa]] (ijo torang) |} [[Ugasan:MontBlancFromENE.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Dolok Blanc|Mont Blanc]] (Monte Bianco) di [[Rura Aosta]], pistik na tumimbo di luat Uni Eropa]] '''Italia''', goar resmina i ma '''Republik Italia''' ([[Hata Italia]] : ''Repubblica Italiana'' [reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna]), i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Eropa|banua Eropa]]. Huta sabungan dohot kota na umbalga ni Italia maringanan di [[Rom]]. Bidang ni Italia i ma 301.340 km² jala marbatasan dohot [[Perancis]], [[Swiss]], [[Austria]], [[Slovenia]] huhut manghaliangi [[Kota Vatikan]] dohot [[San Marino]]. Adong do pe luat ni Italia na maringanan di Swiss ([[Campione d'Italia]]) dohot luat maritim ni [[Tunisia]] ([[Lampedusa e Linosa]]). Dohot onom pulu juta jolma do halak na tading di Italia, gabe nagara ruas ni Uni Eropa patoluhon na gumodang jolmana. ==Pustaha== {{Authority control}}{{Eropa-stub}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] lwjd3dlexepaun98511qv0xg60k63cu 0 584 18470 8877 2026-08-22T17:00:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18470 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Izaak Huru Doko, Volume I of Pendidikan Politik Rakjat, p85.jpg|thumb|Izaak Huru Doko, di taon 1949]] '''Izaak Huru Doko''' (tubu di [[Sabu]], [[Nusa Tenggara Habinsaran]] ari 20 Nopember 1913 - monding di [[Kupang]], [[Nusa Tenggara Habinsaran]] ari 29 Juli 1985; 71 taon do umurna) i ma sada [[pahlawan nasional Indonesia]] sian Nusa Tenggara Timur. Marsingkola do ibana di ''Hollandsche Indlandsche Kweekschool'' manang Singkola Guru di [[Bandung]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tokoh.id/biografi/3-pahlawan/pahlawan-nasional-asal-ntt-pertama/5/|title=Pahlawan Nasional Asal NTT Pertama {{!}} TOKOH INDONESIA {{!}} TokohIndonesia.com {{!}} Tokoh.id {{!}} Halaman 5|last=Indonesia|first=Tokoh|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-13}}</ref> Tongtong dohot [[Herman Johannes]] do ibana manguluhon ''Timorsche Jongeren'' (Naposobulung Timor) nampuna piga ruas di ganup kota di Indonesia. ==Pustaha== <references/>{{Authority control}} orchql02euopxsd8ow5s5lvt73rsips 0 585 18469 16441 2026-08-22T16:59:56Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18469 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Rumah Bolon (Batak Traditional House).jpg|upright=1.25|thumb|Jabu Bolon, jabu paradaton ni halak [[Batak Toba]], di taon 2019]] '''Jabu Bolon''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯐᯅᯮᯅᯬᯞᯬᯉ᯲}}, [[Hata Indonesia]]: ''Rumah Bolon'') i ma ingkon jabu paradaton ni halak [[Halak Batak|Batak]] na adong di propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Budaya">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140424183749/http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/id/culture/867/rumah-bolon ''Rumah Bolon''], www.kebudayaanindonesia.net, diakses di ari 30 Agustus 2021</ref> Jabu Bolon on ma na gabe simbol partinandaan ni halak Batak di ganup portibi on, lumobi halak Batak na maringanan di Sumatera Utara.<ref name="Budaya"/><ref name="Jalan">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150202105737/http://jalan2.com/city/medan/rumah-bolon-pematang-purba/ ''Rumah Bolon Pematang Purba''], www.jalan2.com, diakses di ari 30 Agustus 2021</ref> Di tingki najolo, jabu Bolon on gabe inganan ni sampulu tolu [[raja]] na adong di Sumatera Utara.<ref name="Budaya"/> Sampulu tolu raja i ima Raja Ranjinman, Raja Nagaraja, Raja Batiran, Raja Bakkaraja, Raja Baringin, Raja Bonabatu, Raja Rajaulan, Raja Atian, Raja Hormabulan, Raja Raondop, Raja Rahalim, Raja Karel Tanjung, dohot Raja Mogam.<ref name="Budaya"/> Di bagasan paradaton halak Batak, adong muse ingkon ragam ni jabu bolon on, ima jabu bolon Toba, jabu bolon Simalungun, jabu bolon Karo, jabu bolon Mandailing, jabu bolon Pakpak, dohot jabu bolon Angkola.<ref name="Budaya"/> Saonari, nunga adong Jabu Bolon di [[Taman Mini Indonesia Indah]] di [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]], na gabe jabu wisata sian Sumatera Utara.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210830153216/https://tamanmini.com/anjungan/anjungan-sumatera-utara?lang=id ''Anjungan Sumatera Utara''], www.tamanmini.com, diakses di ari 30 Agustus 2021</ref> == Tompana == [[Ugasan:Rumah Bolon.jpg|thumb|right|Marjejer angka Jabu Bolon ni Batak Toba di [[Huta Siallagan]], di taon 2017]] Tompa ni jabu Bolon ima suhisuhi ganjang, dung i somalna ma songon jabu na martangga. Timbo ni lante ni jabu on hira-hira 1,75 meter sian tano. Alani i, molo adong jolma na naeng masuk tu jabu Bolon, ingkon manjangkit mamangke tangga. Tangga ni jabu adong di tonga-tonga ni jabu, hombar tu jolo ni pintu masuk. Dung i, di bagasan jabu Bolon luang, dang marisi, tarbungka bidang, dang adong kamarna. Jabu Bolon on ingkon ditungkoli angka tiang-tiang di saganop suhisuhi nai. Dung i, tiang na manompa i pe dohot manompa angka lante ni jabu di ganup suhisuhina. Tarup ni jabu Bolon tompa na mangalehu di jolo dohot di pudi ni jabu. Dung i, tompa ni tarup jabu Bolon hira polana ni hudo.<ref name="Daerah">[http://macam-macam-tarian-daerah.blogspot.com/2014/02/ciri-khas-rumah-adat-batak-simalungun.html ''Ciri khas rumah Adat Batak Simalungun''], diakses di ari 30 Agustus 2021</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak Toba]] [[Horong:Sumatera Utara]] 1goajtnalegttl30x2gkbtifxfam37i 0 588 18130 17783 2026-08-22T13:19:03Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18130 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Japang'''<br>'''日本国'''<br>にっぽんこく</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Japan.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Imperial Seal of Japan.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Ende habangsoan :<br>[[Kimigayo]] (君が代) |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Kimi ga Yo 1930.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Japan sea map.png|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Japang |} '''Japang''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Jepang''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''Japan''; surat Japang : 日本, tr. ''Nippon'' manang ''Nihon''; 日本国, tr. ''Nippon-koku'' manang ''Nihon-koku'') i ma sada nagara na maringanan di bagian purba ni [[Asia|Banua Asia]] nang di antara ni [[Laut Japang]] di pastima dohot [[Samudora Pasifik]] di purba, [[Laut Okhotsk]] di utara jala [[Laut Sina Dangsina]] dohot [[Laut Pilipina]] di bagian dangsina. Adong do opat pulo di nagara nian i ma [[Honshu]], [[Kyushu]], [[Hokkaido]], [[Shikoku]] jala sada hapuloan i ma [[Ryukyu]]. Huta sabungan ni Japang maringanan di [[Tokyo]]. == Bereng museng == * [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 2020]] == Pustaha == # Naumann, E. (1887) the physical geography of Japan, with Remarks on the People. ''proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography. 9(2), 86-102. https://doi.org/10.2307/1800804'' {{Asia-stub}} {{commons|Category:Japan}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] l2av8fjmrvkts8bzaecmu3yiq49u76s 0 596 18131 16481 2026-08-22T13:19:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Central Java.svg|thumb|right|Partanda ni Jawa Tonga]] '''Jawa Tonga''' i ma sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|propinsi]] di Indonesia na maringanan di bariba tonga ni [[Pulo Jawa]]. Huta sabungan ni Jawa Tonga maringanan di [[Kota Semarang]]. == Luat administratip == Molo ditilik sian administratip, tarbagi do Propinsi Jawa Tonga on di 29 kabupaten dohot 6 kota. Administrasi pamarentahan ni kabupaten dohot kota on, tarbagi di 545 kecamatan dan 8.490 huta (''desa'')/kelurahan. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Indonesia-stub}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Pulo Jawa]] o4d7zgzq2scvjwarlcvuhrjku7xtqp9 0 600 18132 12389 2026-08-22T13:19:38Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18132 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Federal Jerman'''<br>'''''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Germany.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Germany.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>[[Deutschlandlied]]<br>(Hata Batak Toba : Logu ni Jerman) |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Deutschlandlied played by USAREUR Band.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:EU-Germany (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Jerman di Eropa |} '''Jerman''' ([[Hata Jerman]] : ''Deutschland''), goar resmina i ma '''Republik Federal Jerman''' (Hata Jerman : ''Bundesrepublik Deutschland''), i ma sada nagara na adong di [[Eropa]]. Huta sabunganna maringanan di [[Berlin]]. == Luat administratip == Jerman marnampunahon sampulu onom nagara bagian na dijou ''Länder''.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Germany "Germany"] Encyclopaedia Britannica. Dibungka di ari 26 Mei 2025</ref> Di ganup nagara bagian nian marnampunahon konstitusina sandiri. {| class="wikitable" |+ Nagara bagian na adong di Jerman |- ! Partanda !! Nagara bagian !! Huta sabungan !! Bidang ni luat (km²)<ref>[https://www.statistikportal.de/de/bevoelkerung/flaeche-und-bevoelkerung "Fläche und Bevölkerung nach Ländern"] Statistische Ämter des Bundes und der Lander. Dibungka di ari 26 Mei 2025</ref> |- | [[Ugasan:Lesser coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg.svg|40px]] || [[Baden-Württemberg]] || [[Stuttgart]] || 35.751 |- | [[Ugasan:Bayern Wappen.svg|40px]] || [[Bavaria]] || [[München]] || 70.550 |- | [[Ugasan:DEU Berlin COA.svg|40px]] || [[Berlin]] || [[Berlin]] || 892 |- | [[Ugasan:Brandenburg Wappen.svg|40px]] || [[Bradenburg]] || [[Postdam]] || 29.654 |- | [[Ugasan:Bremen Wappen(Mittel).svg|40px]] || [[Bremen]] || [[Bremen]] || 420 |- | [[Ugasan:DEU Hamburg COA.svg|40px]] || [[Hamburg]] || [[Hamburg]] || 755 |- | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Hesse.svg|40px]] || [[Hesse]] || [[Wiesbaden]] || 21.115 |- | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (great).svg|40px]] || [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] || [[Schwerin]] || 23.214 |- | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|40px]] || [[Sachsen Jae]] || [[Hanover]] || 47.593 |- | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of North Rhine-Westfalia.svg|40px]] || [[Rhine Utara-Westphalia]] || [[Düsseldorf]] || 34.113 |- | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|40px]] || [[Rhineland-Palatinate]] || [[Mainz]] || 19.854 |- | [[Ugasan:Wappen des Saarlands.svg|40px]] || [[Saarland]] || [[Saarbrücken]] || 2.569 |- | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Saxony.svg|40px]] || [[Sachsen]] || [[Dresden]] || 18.416 |- | [[Ugasan:Wappen Sachsen-Anhalt.svg|40px]] || [[Sachsen-Anhalt]] || [[Magdeburg]] || 20.452 |- | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Schleswig-Holstein.svg|40px]] || [[Schleswig-Holstein]] || [[Kiel]] || 15.802 |- | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Thuringia.svg|40px]] || [[Thüringen]] || [[Erfurt]] || 16.202 |- |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{Eropa-stub}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] f0ph2wovg31i9p1vmtq101p9zmf7w3r 0 601 18472 13455 2026-08-22T17:01:57Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18472 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Reikh Jerman'''<br />'''''Deutsches Reich'''''</big></big> | colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Germany_(1935–1945).svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_(1935–1945).svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} 1933-1945 {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan :<br />[[Das Lied der Deutschen]]<br />(Hata Batak Toba : Logu ni Bangso Jerman) |- | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:German_national_anthem_performed_by_the_US_Navy_Band.ogg]] {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |<br />[[Horst-Wessel Lied]]<br />(Hata Batak Toba : Ende Horst Wessel) |- | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Песня_Хорста_Весселя.ogg]] |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" |[[Ugasan:Greater_German_Reich_(1942).svg|300x300px]] |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Reikh Jerman (Ijo Matua) |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Reikh Jerman (Parhundul Raiat Sipil) (Ijo) |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Reikh Jerman (Parhundul Militer) (Ijo Poso) |} |} '''Jerman Nasi''' manang '''Reikh Jerman''' adong ma goar umum di Jerman di tingki 1933-1945 na diudur angkup [[Adolf Hitler]] dohot Partai [[Partai Pakarejo Nasional-Sosialis ni Jerman|NSDAP]] (Partai Pakarejo Nasional-Sosialis ni Jerman) na mamerintahon dohot sara dalan hadiktatorhon. {{Authority control}} mms6h1jvon3nx10cagpm6avfxq663if 0 602 18133 12283 2026-08-22T13:19:57Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Christ Pantocrator Deesis mosaic Hagia Sophia.jpg|thumb|Mosaik ni '''Jesus Kristus''' di Hagia Sophia]] '''Jesus''' ([[Hata Junani]]: '''''Ἰησοῦς''''' Ieosus; [[Hata Arab]]: '''يسوع'''; [[Hata Heber]]: '''יֵשׁוּ''') manang '''Jesus Kristus''', i ma sahalak pangituai di [[Kristen|Ugamo Kristen]], tubu di [[Betlehem]], jala monding di [[Jerusalem]], jala [[Parheheo ni Jesus|hehe do Ibana]] di ari patoluhon songon na diporseai halak Kristen. Harorona ima di taon 4 SM saha tu 30 manang 33 SM. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{Kristen-stub}} [[Horong:Ugamo]] [[Horong:Debata]] im8ncn3utxu15fvfwq9ul5ei6dwqyvx 0 606 18107 15050 2026-08-22T12:49:50Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person |name = Joko Widodo |image = Joko_Widodo_2019_official_portrait.jpg |caption = Potret resmi, 2019 |office = Presiden Indonesia |vicepresident = {{plainlist| * [[Jusuf Kalla]] (2014 - 2019) * [[Ma'ruf Amin]] (2019 - ) }} |order = [[Daftar presiden Indonesia|ke-7]] |term_start = {{start date|2014|10|20}} |term_end = |predecessor = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] |successor = |office2 = Gubernur Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta {{!}} Gubernur DKI Jakarta |order2 = ke-14 |term_start2 = {{start date|2012|10|15}} |term_end2 = {{end date|2014|10|16}} |succeeding2 = |predecessor2 = {{plainlist| * [[Fauzi Bowo]] * [[Fadjar Panjaitan]] ([[pelaksana tugas|Plt.]])<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pelantikan Jokowi diundur, Mendagri tunjuk Sekda DKI jadi Plt|date=4 Oktober 2012|url=http://www.merdeka.com/jakarta/pelantikan-jokowi-diundur-mendagri-tunjuk-sekda-dki.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|accessdate=29 Maret 2014|language=id|last=Pratomo|first=Yulistyo|editor-last=Hasits|editor-first=Muhammad|archive-date=2014-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325161448/http://www.merdeka.com/jakarta/pelantikan-jokowi-diundur-mendagri-tunjuk-sekda-dki.html|dead-url=no}}</ref> }} |vicegovernor2 = [[Basuki Tjahaja Purnama]] |successor2 = [[Basuki Tjahaja Purnama]] |office3 = Wali Kota Surakarta |order3 = ke-16 |term_start3 = {{start date|2005|7|28}} |term_end3 = {{end date|2012|10|1}} |president3 = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] |governor3 = {{Plainlist| * [[Mardiyanto]] * [[Ali Mufiz]] * [[Bibit Waluyo]] }} |deputy3 = [[F.X. Hadi Rudyatmo]] |predecessor3 = {{plainlist| * [[Slamet Suryanto]] * Anwar Cholil ([[pelaksana harian|Plh.]])<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=11 April 2005|title=Mantan Wakil Walikota Solo Tolak Hadiri Sertijab Plh|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-338693/mantan-wakil-walikota-solo-tolak-hadiri-sertijab-plh|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|location=|access-date=20 Juni 2021|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202210/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-338693/mantan-wakil-walikota-solo-tolak-hadiri-sertijab-plh|dead-url=no}}</ref> }} |successor3 = [[F.X. Hadi Rudyatmo]] |birth_name = |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1961|6|21}} |birth_place = [[Surakarta]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]]<ref name="Presiden-RI-JW">{{cite web|url=https://www.presidenri.go.id/presiden-joko-widodo/|title=Presiden Joko Widodo|publisher=Presiden Indonesia|language=id|access-date=24 Desember 2020|archive-date=2020-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226000430/https://www.presidenri.go.id/presiden-joko-widodo/|dead-url=no}}</ref> |death_date = |death_place = |nationality = [[Indonesia]] |height = 175 cm |party = |spouse = {{marriage|[[Iriana]]|1986}} |relatives = {{unbulleted list|[[Bobby Nasution]] (menantu)|[[Anwar Usman]] (ipar)}} |children = {{unbulleted list|[[Gibran Rakabuming Raka]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Jokowi di mata anak sulungnya Gibran Rakabuming Raka|date=22 September 2012|url=http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/jokowi-di-mata-anak-sulungnya-gibran-rakabuming-raka.html|work=[[Merdeka.com]]|access-date=30 Maret 2014|language=id|last=Sunaryo|first=Arie|editor-last=Hasist|editor-first=Mohamad|archive-date=2014-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428023253/http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/jokowi-di-mata-anak-sulungnya-gibran-rakabuming-raka.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>|[[Kahiyang Ayu]]<ref name="anakjokowi"/>|[[Kaesang Pangarep]]<ref name="anakjokowi">{{Cite news|title=Jokowi Diunggulkan Jadi Presiden, Ini Kata Anak Bungsunya|date=31 Januari 2014|url=http://news.detik.com/read/2014/01/31/170254/2484075/10/jokowi-diunggulkan-jadi-presiden-ini-kata-anak-bungsunya|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|access-date=30 Maret 2014|archive-date=2014-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319233502/http://news.detik.com/read/2014/01/31/170254/2484075/10/jokowi-diunggulkan-jadi-presiden-ini-kata-anak-bungsunya|dead-url=no}}</ref>}} |mother = [[Sudjiatmi]]<ref name="orangtuajokowi">{{Cite news|title=Foto-foto Notomiharjo, Ayah Jokowi yang Sempat Jadi Perbincangan|date=17 Januari 2017|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3398259/foto-foto-notomiharjo-ayah-jokowi-yang-sempat-jadi-perbincangan|access-date=2 Agustus 2018|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|last=Gunawan|first=Deden|last2=Durohman|first2=Ibad|archive-date=2018-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802193120/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3398259/foto-foto-notomiharjo-ayah-jokowi-yang-sempat-jadi-perbincangan|dead-url=no}}</ref> |father = Widjiatno Notomihardjo |alma_mater = [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] |occupation = [[Politikus]] |profession = |signature = Signature of Joko Widodo.svg | website = {{url|https://www.presidenri.go.id|Website Resmi Presiden RI}} |footnotes = |awards = }} [[Ugasan:Joko_Widodo_2019_official_portrait.jpg|thumb|Gambar ni Joko Widodo, Presiden ni Republik Indonesia, di taon 2019]] [[Insinyur|Ir.]] [[Haji|H.]] '''Joko Widodo''' sanga ditanda do panggoaran na '''Jokowi''' (tubu di [[Kota Surakarta|Surakarta]], [[Jawa Tengah]] tanggal 21 Juni 1961) i ma [[Presiden ni Indonesia]] na papituhon. Dimula-mula manjabat nasida, i ma tanggal 20 Oktober 2014. Tarpillit ni nasida di taon 2014, gabe nasida ma peresiden parjolo Indonesia daong sian parpolitik sangape parmiliter. Diparjolo ni Jokowi gabe peresiden, dohot [[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]] ma wakil ni nasida, taon 2014 sahat tu 2019. Dungi, di periode paduahon nasida, dipillit ma [[Ma'ruf Amin]] gabe wakilna, mulai sian 2019 sahat 2024 tujoloan. Sebelum manjabat gabe peresiden, Jokowi sompat gabe [[Walikota]] di [[Kota Surakarta]] sanga ditanda jolma kota Solo. Nasida manjabat sian taon 28 Juli 2005 sahat tu 16 Oktober 2012, dohot wakilna [[F.X. Hadi Rudyatmo]] (Walikota ni kota Surakarta sonnari). Dung salpu i, nasida mancalon gabe gubernur di [[Jakarta]] dohot wakilna [[Basuki Tjahaja Purnama]] sanga Ahok, sian tanggal 15 Oktober 2012 sahat tu 16 Oktober 2014.<ref>[http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0505/13/slo06.html, "Jokowi Calon Presiden Indonesia", diakses 10 Juni 2020]</ref> Holan dua taon manjabat gubernur ni Jakarta, sian [[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan]] (PDI-P), mambaen keputusan gabe nasida ma sada calon peresiden ni Indonesia. Alana Jokowi mundur sian jabatanna, digontihon Ahok ma gabe gubernur ni [[Jakarta]] sian 2014 sahat tu taon 2017.<ref>[http://www.tempo.co/read/news/2012/03/19/228391263/Naik-Kopaja-Jokowi---Ahok--Daftar-Jadi-Cagub-DKI,][[Tempo (majalah)|Tempo]] "Naik Kopaja, Jokowi-Ahok Daftar Jadi Cagub DKI" diakses 29 Maret 2014</ref> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Politikus]] [[Horong:Presiden]] [[Horong:Presiden ni Indonesia]] [[Horong:Pangituai Indonesia]] <references />{{Authority control}} sgx77tle7xl6ghaczhtswhsswmxsech 0 623 18323 15940 2026-08-22T15:40:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kalimantan Utara | official_name = Propinsi Kalimantan Utara | image_shield = Coat of arms of North Kalimantan (2021 version).svg | image_flag = | shield_size = 75px | flag_size = | image_map = North Kalimantan in Indonesia.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Kalimantan Utara di Indonesia | coordinates = {{Coord|3|00|N|116|20|E|type:adm1st_region:ID_dim:300000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | established_title = Tubu | established_date = 17 November 2012<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://dpr.go.id/jdih/index/id/280 |title = J.D.I.H. - Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat}}</ref> | founder = | named_for = | seat_type = Huta sabungan | seat = [[Tanjung Selor, Bulungan|Tanjung Selor]] | government_footnotes = | leader_title = Gubernur | leader_name = [[Zainal Arifin Paliwang]] | governing_body = | leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur | leader_name2 = [[Yansen Tipa Padan]] | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 71827.3 | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_max_point = | population_total = 734713 | population_as_of = 30 Juni 2023 | population_footnotes = <ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.</ref> | population_density_km2 = | population_note = | demographics_type1 = Demograpi | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Etnis | timezone1 = [[Time in Indonesia|WITA]] | utc_offset1 = +8 | blank_name_sec1 = [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|IPM]] | blank_info_sec1 = 0.718 | blank1_name_sec1 = IPM | blank1_info_sec1 = 22 (2022) | footnotes = | type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] | seat1_type = Kota besar | seat1 = [[Kota Tarakan]] | demographics1_info1 = [[Halak Dayak|Dayak]], [[Halak Tidung|Tidung]], [[Halak Bajau|Bajau]], [[Halak Banjar|Banjar]], [[Halak Bugis|Bugis]], [[Halak Bulungan|Bulungan]], [[Halak Tidung|Tidung]], [[Halak Melayu|Melayu]] | demographics1_title2 = Ugamo | demographics1_info2 = [[Islam]] (70.97%)<br> [[Kristen]] (28.32%)<br>- Protestan (21.10%)<br>- Katholik (7.22%)<br> [[Buddha]] (0.65%)<br> [[Hindui]] (0.06%)<ref name="KALTARA2019">{{Cite web|url=https://kaltara.bps.go.id/publication/2019/08/16/3f2d8ab9b04e5efec126497e/provinsi-kalimantan-utara-dalam-angka-2019.html|title=Provinsi Kalimantan Utara Dalam Angka 2019|website=www.kaltara.bp.go.id|publisher=BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Utara|access-date=17 February 2020|language=id}}</ref> | demographics1_title3 = Bahasa | demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi)<br /> [[Hata Dayak|Dayak]], [[Hata Tidung|Tidung]], [[Hata Melayu|Melayu]] (regional) | motto = بنوانتا<br><small>Benuanta ([[Murutic languages|Tidung]])<br>Our land that needs to be developed and safeguarded</small> | website = kaltaraprov.go.id/ }} '''Kalimantan Utara''' ima sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|propinsi di Indonesia]]. Maringanan ma on di sabola utara ni pulo [[Kalimantan]], manang somalna ditanda global margoar [[Borneo]]. Batas luat ni Kalimantan Utara di bagian utara hombar ma i tu negara bagian [[Sabah]] di [[Malaysia]] dohot [[Sarawak]] di bagian barat, dohot propinsi [[Kalimantan Timur]] di sabola selatan. Huta sabungan na maringanan di [[Tanjung Selor, Bulungan|Tanjung Selor]], bagian kecamatan di [[Kabupaten Bulungan]], alai kota besarna adong di [[Kota Tarakan]], jala di son museng do pusok ni ekonomi Kalimantan Utara. Tubu ma propinsi on tanggal 25 Oktober 2012, marsirang sian propinsi Kalimantan Timur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kaltara.antaranews.com/berita/447842/kalimantan-utara-menggeliat|title=Kalimantan Utara Menggeliat|language=id}}</ref> Bidang ni Kalimantan Utara ima 71,827.3 kilometer, dibagi gabe 4 kabupaten dohot 1 kota. Bahat ni pendudukna ditaon 2010 ima 524,656 halak<ref>Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> and 701,784 at the 2020 Census,<ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.</ref> gabe on ma propinsi naumotikan pendudukna di [[Indonesia]] ditingki i.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kaltara.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2019/03/22/60/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-kabupaten-kota-dan-jenis-kelamin-provinsi-kalimantan-utara-2017.html |title=Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Kalimantan Utara |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref> Dipartongaan taon 2023, bahat ni ruas di Kalimantan Utara ima 734.713 halak.<ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023.</ref> === Gubernur === [[Ugasan:Kantor Gubernur Kalimantan Utara.JPG|thumb|left|220px|Kantor Gubernur Kalimantan Utara di [[Tanjung Selor, Bulungan]].]] Dimulani hatutubu propinsi [[Kalimantan Utara]], posisi gubernur ditiop [[Irianto Lambrie]], namartugas gabe penjabat gubernur. Tingki i, Irianto dilantik [[Menteri Dalam Negeri Indonesia|Menteri Dalam Negeri]], [[Gamawan Fauzi]], tanggal 22 April 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 April 2013|title=Mendagri Lantik Pj Gubernur Kaltara Hari Ini|url=https://kaltimprov.go.id/berita/mendagri-lantik-pj-gubernur-kaltara-hari-ini|work=Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur|publisher=Biro Administrasi Pimpinan Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur|location=|access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref> Dung i, [[Pemilihan umum Gubernur Kalimantan Utara 2015|Pemilihan umum 2015]] gabe pemilu parjolo di Kalimantan Utara, mamillit langsung gubernur.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 Desember 2015|title=Warga Kalimantan Utara Pertama Kali Memilih Gubernurnya|url=https://pilkada.tempo.co/read/726403/warga-kalimantan-utara-pertama-kali-memilih-gubernurnya|work=[[Tempo.co]]|location=|access-date=30 April 2022|editor-last=Hakim.|editor-first=Abdul Djalil|archive-date=2022-09-11}}</ref> Irianto monang di pemilu 2015, dohot wakil gubernur, [[Udin Hianggio]]. Satorusna, [[Pemilihan umum Gubernur Kalimantan Utara 2020|pemilihan gubernur Kalimantan Utara]] 2020, pasangan calon gubernur [[Zainal Arifin Paliwang]] dohot calon wakil gubernur [[Yansen Tipa Padan]] monang. Presiden [[Indonesia]], [[Joko Widodo]], manabalhon halaki gabe gubenur dohot wakil gubernur Kalimantan Utara, tanggal 15 Februari 2021 di [[Istana Negara]] [[Jakarta]], masa tugas taon 2021-2024.<ref name="GUB">{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/335334/12/jokowi-resmi-lantik-gubernur-wagub-kalimantan-utara-1613358155|first=Fahreza|last=Rizky|date=15 Februari 2021|title=Jokowi Resmi Lantik Gubernur-Wagub Kalimantan Utara|website=nasional.sindonews.com|accessdate=10 September 2023}}</ref> {|class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center;" |- ! style="background:#00A757;"| No. ! style="background:#00A757;"| Poto ! style="background:#00A757;"| Gubernur ! style="background:#00A757;"| Mula ni Jabatan ! style="background:#00A757;"| Akhir ni Jabatan ! style="background:#00A757;"| Poto ! style="background:#00A757;"| Wakil Gubenur |- |- |11 |[[Ugasan:Gubernur Kaltara Zainal Arifin Paliwang.png|100px]] |[[Zainal Arifin Paliwang]] |15 Pebruari 2021 |''petahana'' |[[Ugasan:Wakil Gubernur Kaltara Yansen TP.png|100px]] |[[Yansen Tipa Padan]] |- |} == Administrasi == Di toru on ma pambagian administrasi ni Kalimantan Utara, tarmasuk ma bahatni kecamatan dohot kelurahan manang desa. Propinsi Kalimantan Utara dibagi gabe 4 [[kabupaten]], 1 [[kota]], 53 [[kecamatan]], 35 [[kelurahan]] dohot 447 [[desa]]. taon 2023, bahat ni jolma di propinsi on ima 734.713 halak, bidang ni tano na ima 75.467,70 km².<ref name="Permendagri-137-2017">{{Cite web|url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 3 Oktober 2019 |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017/mode/2up |archive-date= 29 Desember 2018}}</ref><ref name="Permendagri-72-2019">{{Cite web|url= http://jdih.setjen.kemendagri.go.id/pm/Permendagri%20No%2072%20Th%202019+lampiran.pdf |title= Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Permendagri nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan |archive-url= https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 |archive-date= 25 Oktober 2019 |publisher= Kementerian Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia |access-date= 15 Januari 2020}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" |No. ! rowspan="2" |Kode <br/>Kemendagri ! rowspan="2" |Kabupaten/Kota ! rowspan="2" |Bidang <br/>(km2) ! rowspan="2" |Penduduk ! colspan="3" |2023 |- !Kecamatan !!Kelurahan !!Desa |- |1 |65.01 |[[Kabupaten Bulungan|Kab. Bulungan]] |13.925,72 |162.878 |10 |7 |74 |- |2 |65.02 |[[Kabupaten Malinau|Kab. Malinau]] |42.620,70 |83.371 |15 | - |109 |- |3 |65.03 |[[Kabupaten Nunukan|Kab. Nunukan]] |13.841,90 |213.750 |19 |8 |232 |- |4 |65.04 |[[Kabupaten Tana Tidung|Kab. Tana Tidung]] |4.828,58 |27.980 |5 | - |32 |- |5 |65.71 |[[Kota Tarakan]] |250,80 |246.734 |4 |20 | - |- ! ! !Total !75.467,70 !734.713 !53 !35 !447 |} == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] m9w9frq1pow6cz914mglrq2n7b6rbiu 0 626 18359 17558 2026-08-22T16:03:19Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18359 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+'''Harajaan Kamboja'''<br />'''''ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា <br> (Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchéa)''''' | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Angkor Wat.jpg|250px]] |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag of Cambodia.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Royal arms of Cambodia.svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan:<br />បទនគររាជ<br> (Jaha: "Nôkôr Réach") <br/>(Hata Inggeris: "Majestic Kingdom") |- | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:United States Navy Band - Nokoreach.ogg]] |} |- | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Cambodia on the globe (Cambodia centered).svg|250x250px]] |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Kamboja di Portibi |} '''Kamboja''' manang '''Harajaan Kamboja''' ima sada [[nagara]] [[monarki konstitusional]] di [[Asia Anggoni]]. Nagara on ima panosurni [[Kekaisaran Khmer]] na hea markuaso di portibi [[Indosina|Semenanjung Indosina]] hira-hira tingki abad pa 11 sahat tu abad pa 14. Batas luat ni Kamboja ima nagara [[Thailand]] di sabola Pastima (''Barat''), [[Laos]] di sabola Utara, [[Pietnam]] di sabola Purba (''Timur''), dohot [[Teluk Thailand]] di sabola Dangsina (''Selatan''). Adong Sunge [[Mekong]] dohot Tao [[Tonle Sap]], mangalewati nagara on. == Administratip == === Unit administratip === Di Kamboja dibagi gabe 5 tingkat luat administratip, ima; {|class="wikitable" | style="text-align:center" !Tingkat !Pa-1 !Pa-2 !Pa-3 !Pa-4 !Pa-5 |- ! rowspan="3" | Tipe | rowspan="1" | [[Propinsi di Kamboja|Kotamadya otonom]]<br>(រាជធានី ''reachtheani''; lit. 'capital') | Bagian<br/>(ខណ្ឌ ''khan'') | rowspan="2" | Kuartal<br/>(សង្កាត់ ''sangkat'') | rowspan="3" | Huta<br/>(ភូមិ ''phum'') | rowspan="3" bgcolor="lightgrey" style="border-bottom:none" | Blok<br />(ក្រុម ''krom'') |- | rowspan="2" | Propinsi<br/>(ខេត្ត ''khaet'') |Kotamadya<br />(ក្រុង ''krong'') |- | Distrik<br/>(ស្រុក ''srok'') | Komune<br/>(ឃុំ ''khum'') |} == Luat Administratip == Kotamadya otonom dohot propinsi di Kamboja ima gabe luat administratip tingkat parjolo. Kamboja dibagi gabe 25 [[Propinsi Kamboja|propinsi]] tarmasuk ma dohot kotamadya otonom. Di Kamboja, kota dohot distrik ima luat administratip tingkat paduahon. Propinsi dibagi museng gabe 159 kabupaten dohot 26 kota. Kabupaten dohot kotamadya dibagi museng gabe komune (''khum'') dohot kuartal (''sangkat''). {| style="background:none;" cellspacing="2" | {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;" |- style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;" ! scope="col" style="width:3px;" | Nomor ! scope="col" style="width:120px;" | Propinsi ! scope="col" style="width:110px;" | Huta sabungan ! scope="col" style="width:60px;" | Area (km²) ! scope="col" style="width:80px;" | Populasi<br />(2019) |- | 1 || [[Propinsi Banteay Meanchey|Banteay Meanchey]] ||[[Kotamadya Serei Saophoan|Serei Saophoan]] || style="text-align:right" |6,679|| style="text-align:right"|861,883 |- | 2 || [[Propinsi Battambang|Battambang]] || [[Kotamadya Battambang|Battambang]] || style="text-align:right"|11,702|| style="text-align:right"|997,169 |- | 3 || [[Propinsi Kampong Cham|Kampong Cham]] || [[Kotamadya Kampong Cham|Kampong Cham]] ||style="text-align:right"|4,549 || style="text-align:right"|899,791 |- | 4 || [[Propinsi Kampong Chhnang|Kampong Chhnang]] || [[Kotamadya Kampong Chhnang|Kampong Chhnang]] || style="text-align:right"|5,521|| style="text-align:right"|527,027 |- | 5 || [[Propinsi Kampong Speu|Kampong Speu]] || [[Kotamadya Chbar Mon|Chbar Mon]] || style="text-align:right"|7,017|| style="text-align:right"|877,523 |- | 6 || [[Propinsi Kampong Thom|Kampong Thom]] || [[Kotamadya Stueng Saen|Stung Saen]] ||style="text-align:right"|13,814|| style="text-align:right"|681,549 |- | 7 || [[Propinsi Kampot|Kampot]] || [[Kotamadya Kampot|Kampot]] || style="text-align:right"|4,873|| style="text-align:right"|593,829 |- | 8 || [[Propinsi Kandal|Kandal]] || [[Kotamadya Ta Khmau|Ta Khmau]] || style="text-align:right"|3,179|| style="text-align:right"|1,201,581 |- | 9 || [[Propinsi Kep|Kep]] || [[Kotamadya Kep|Kep]] || style="text-align:right"|336|| style="text-align:right"|42,665 |- | 10 || [[Propinsi Koh Kong|Koh Kong]] || [[Kotamadya Khemarak Phoumin |Khemarak Phoumin]] || style="text-align:right"|10,090|| style="text-align:right"|125,902 |- | 11 || [[Propinsi Kratié|Kratié]] || [[Kotamadya Kratié|Kratié]] || style="text-align:right"|11,094|| style="text-align:right"|374,755 |- | 12 || [[Mondulkiri Province|Mondulkiri]] || [[Kotamadya Senmonorom|Senmonorom]] || style="text-align:right"|14,288|| style="text-align:right"|92,213 |- | 13 || [[Propinsi Oddar Meanchey|Oddar Meanchey]] || [[Kotamadya Samraong|Samraong]] || style="text-align:right"|6,158|| style="text-align:right"|276,038 |- | 14 || [[Propinsi Pailin|Pailin]] || [[Distrik Pailin|Pailin]] || style="text-align:right"|803|| style="text-align:right"|75,112 |- | 15 || [[Propinsi Phnom Penh|Phnom Penh]] || [[Phnom Penh]] || style="text-align:right"|679|| style="text-align:right"|2,281,951 |- | 16 || [[Propinsi Sihanoukville|Preah Sihanouk]] || [[Preah Sihanouk Municipality|Preah Sihanouk]] || style="text-align:right"|1,938|| style="text-align:right"|310,072 |- | 17 || [[Propinsi Preah Vihear|Preah Vihear]] || [[Kotamadya Preah Vihear|Preah Vihear]] || style="text-align:right"|13,788|| style="text-align:right"|254,827 |- | 18 || [[Propinsi Pursat|Pursat]] || [[Kotamadya Pursat|Pursat]] || style="text-align:right"|12,692|| style="text-align:right"|419,952 |- | 19 || [[Propinsi Prey Veng|Prey Veng]] || [[Kotamadya Prey Veng|Prey Veng]] || style="text-align:right"|4,883|| style="text-align:right"|1,057,720 |- | 20 || [[Propinsi Ratanakiri|Ratanakiri]] || [[Kotamadya Banlung|Banlung]] || style="text-align:right"|10,782|| style="text-align:right"|217,453 |- | 21 || [[Propinsi Siem Reap|Siem Reap]] || [[Kotamadya Siem Reap|Siem Reap]] || style="text-align:right"|10,299|| style="text-align:right"|1,014,234 |- | 22 || [[Propinsi Stung Treng|Stung Treng]] || [[Kotamadya Stung Treng|Stung Treng]] || style="text-align:right"|11,092|| style="text-align:right"|165,713 |- | 23 || [[Propinsi Svay Rieng|Svay Rieng]] || [[Kotamadya Svay Rieng|Svay Rieng]] || style="text-align:right" |2,966|| style="text-align:right"|525,497 |- | 24 || [[Propinsi Takéo|Takéo]] || [[Kotamadya Doun Kaev|Doun Kaev]] || style="text-align:right"|3,563|| style="text-align:right"|900,914 |- | 25 || [[Propinsi Tboung Khmum|Tboung Khmom]] || [[Kotamadya Suong|Suong]] || style="text-align:right"|5,250 || style="text-align:right"|776,841 |} ![[Ugasan:Provincial Boundaries in Cambodia.svg|top|550px|upright=2]] |} == Demograpi == === Sosial === [[Ugasan:Weddingkhmer.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Abit adat ni halak Kamboja, mamangke ([[Sompot]], [[Sbai]], Chong Kben).]] [[Ugasan:Danseuses kmer (2).JPG|thumb|right|250px|Panari Apsara Khmer]] Sensus penduduk na resmi di Kamboja parjolo halina dibahen protektorat Peransis di taon 1921; namun, holan baoa marumur 20 tu 60 taon ma nadietong, tujuanna ima asa boi mangido angka [[pajak]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=KEnkAlnHECYC ''Organization and Administration of the General Population Census of Cambodia, 1998'' (2001)], ''National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia'' - ''Ministry of Planning (Cambodia)'', Phnom Penh, alaman 2, Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> Dung salpu Sensus 1962, gessor ma manang ribut angka halak di Kamboja, gabe adong kesenjangan ekonomi di nagara on, hira-hira 36 taon ma lelengna. Dung i, baruma taon 1998 dibahen Sensus penduduk naimbaru.<ref>Huguet, Jerrold R., Chamratrithirong, Apichat., Rao, Nott Rama., Than, San Sy (September 2000), [https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/APPJ-Vol-15-No-3.pdf ''Results of the 1998 Population Census in Cambodia''], ''Asia-Pacific Population Journal - Volume 15, Issue 3'', alaman 1, Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> Saonari, adong lima puluh persen ruas ni Kamboja marumur ditoru ni 22 taon.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131016065003/https://www.cia.gov/library//publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2018.html ''Sex Ratio''], CIA World Factbook, Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> Di angka ruas ni Kamboja na marumur diginjang 65 taon, rasio borua dohot baoa, ima 1,6:1. Total tingkat kesuburan ni ina-ina di Kamboja ima 2,5 anak per borua di taon 2018.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200607030457/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?end=2018&locations=KH&start=2018&view=bar ''Fertility rate, total (births per woman) – Cambodia''], (7 June 2020), ''World Bank'', Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> Dung i, tingkat kesuburan taon 2000, ima 4,0 anak per sada borua.<ref name="CDHS" /> Borua na di kota, anakna rata-rata 2,2 anak, molo di huta rata-rata 3,3 anak.<ref name="CDHS">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110227230811/http://www.nis.gov.kh/ National Institute of Statistics Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey 2010], ''Nis.gov.kh'' (10 Nopember 2013), Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> === Suku === Somalna halak tulen sian Kamboja, ima etnik [[Halak Khmer|Khmer]] hira-hira 95%, dung i halaki pe mamangke bahasa manang marhata [[Hata Khmer|Khmer]], jala gabe sasada ima bahasa resmi ni Kamboja. Dung i, adong minoritas halak [[Halak Cham|Cham]] hira-hira 1,20%, dung i halak [[Halak Pietnam|Pietnam]] hira-hira 0,10%, halak [[Tionghoa]] hira-hira 0,10%.<ref name="Birth Rate">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190223211514/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html?countryName=Cambodia&countryCode=cb&regionCode=eas&rank=57#cb ''Birth Rate''], ''CIA – The World Factbook'', www.Cia.gov, Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref><ref>[http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/peo_eth_gro-people-ethnic-groups ''Ethnic groups statistics – countries compared''], Nationmaster, Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> === Ugamo === Somalna hala Kamboja marugamo [[Buddha]] [[Therapada]], jala ima ugamo na resmi di nagara on. Adong hira-hira 95% halak Kamboja marugamo Buddha, adong museng hira-hira 4.392 kuil biar di saluhut ni bangso on.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148861.htm ''Cambodia'' (23 November 2010),] ''www.state.gov'', Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> Ugamo Buddha di Kamboja, adong diela ugamo [[Hindu]] dohot [[animisme]]. Dung i, ugamo [[Buddha Mahayana]], umbahatan dihaporseai hala Tionghoa dohot Pietnam. Ugamo [[Islam]] dihaporseai hira-hira 2% halak Kamboja, somalna ro sian etnik [[Halak Cham|Cham]] dohot halak [[Halak Melayu|Melayu]]. Adong 80% na marugamo Islam di Kamboja ro na sian etnik Cham.<ref>[http://www.khmertimeskh.com/news/13400/ramadan-ends-friday-evening/ ''Ramadan Ends Friday Evening''], Khmer Times (16 July 2015), Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> Ugamo [[Kristen]], lumobi [[Katolik]], dihaporseai hira-hira 75,000 halak (0,50%), sian sude ruas ni halak Kamboja.<ref name="Diplomat"> Ford, Peter. [https://thediplomat.com/2017/03/cambodia-catholicism-and-cauliflower/ ''Cambodia, Catholicism, and Cauliflower''] (14 Maret 2017), ''The Diplomat - Diplomat Media Inc.'', Distrik Kien Svay-Kamboja, Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> Dang adong Keuskupan di Kamboja, alai adong 3 teritori ima - sada Vikaris Apostolik dohot dua Prepektur Apostolik.<ref>Leland D. and Joyce B. White, [www.lds.org/liahona/1997/10/the-gospel-takes-hold-in-cambodia "The Gospel Takes Hold in Cambodia"], ''[[Liahona (magazine)|Liahona]]'', Oktober 1997, alaman 41, Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> Saonari adong 31 jemaat (27 hata Khmer dohot 3 hata Pietnam, dohot sada hata [[Inggeris]]) gareja Advent. Dung i, adong museng punguan ni Saksi Yahowa nadung dibungka parjolo taon 1990, jala sahat tu taon 2015 nunga adong 3 inganan paribatanna.<ref>Naomi-Collett Ritz, [https://www.khmertimeskh.com/54857/jehovahs-witnesses-open-kingdom-hall-near-angkor-wat/ “Jehovah’s Witnesses Open Kingdom Hall Near Angkor Wat,”] ''Khmer Times'', 3 Maret 2015, Diakses tanggal 3 Pebruari 2022</ref> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] [[Horong:Nagara]] <references />{{Authority control}} qbowc5yaan0po5yw6cw9i8sihvobilh 0 627 18136 12063 2026-08-22T13:21:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18136 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Kamerun'''<br>''République du Cameroun'' ([[Hata Perancis]])<br>''Renndaandi Kamerun'' ([[Hata Fula]])</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Cameroon.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''Motto''' :<br> "Paix - Travail - Patrie" ([[Hata Perancis]])<br><small>"Dame - Mangula - Bona Pasogit</small> |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''Logu habangsoan''' :<br>''[[Chant de Ralliement|Ô Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres]]'' |- |align="center" width="140px"| |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Cameroon (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Inganan ni Kamerun |} '''Kamerun''' ([[Hata Perancis]] : ''Cameroun''), goar resmina i ma '''Republik Kamerun''' (Hata Perancis : ''République du Cameroun''), i ma sada nagara na maringanan di bagian [[Aprika Hasundutan|hasundutan]]-[[Aprika Tonga|tonga]] ni banua Aprika. Marbatasan dohot [[Nigeria]] di bagian hasundutan dohot utara; [[Chad]] di bagian irisanna; [[Republik Aprika Tonga]] di bagian habinsaran; dohot [[Guinea Khatulistiwa]], [[Gabon]] dohot [[Republik Kongo]].<br> Huta sabungan ni Kamerun maringanan di [[Yaounde]]. Kota na umbalga di Kamerun maringanan di [[Douala]]. ==Etimologi== Asal ni goar "Kamerun" i ma sian [[Eksonim dohot endonim|eksonim]] ni [[Portugal|halak Portugis]] tu [[Sunge Wouri]], tagan jinou nasida ''Rio dos Camarões'' - "aek [[udang]], alana godang do [[Lepidophthalmus turneranus|udang begu kamerun]] di sunge nian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/blog/sobre-palavras/camaroes-o-que-os-crustaceos-tem-a-ver-com-o-pais/|title=Camarões: o que os crustáceos têm a ver com o país?|website=Veja|access-date=25 Agustus 2021}}</ref> Saonari, goar ni Kamerun di [[hata Portugis]] i ma ''Camarões''. ==Luat administratip== [[Ugasan:Provinces of Cameroon EN.svg|200px|thumb|right|Na tarbagi do Kamerun di bagasan 10 region]] On ma region na adong di Kamerun {| class="wikitable" |- ! Nomor !! Region !! Goar region di<br>[[Hata Perancis]] !! Huta sabungan !! Bidang ni luat<br>(km² |- | 1. || [[Region Adamawa|Adamawa]] || ''Adamaoua'' || [[Ngaoundere]] || align="right"|63.701 |- | 2. || [[Region Tonga|Tonga]] || ''Centre'' || [[Yaounde]] || align="right"|68.953 |- | 3. || [[Region Habinsaran|Habinsaran]] || ''Est'' || [[Bertoua]] || align="right"|109.002 |- | 4. || [[Region Utara na Dao|Utara na Dao]] || ''Extrême-Nord'' || [[Maroua]] || align="right"|34.263 |- | 5. || [[Region Littoral|Littoral]] || ''Littoral'' || [[Douala]] || align="right"|20.248 |- | 6. || [[Region Utara|Utara]] || ''Nord'' || [[Garoua]] || align="right"|66.090 |- | 7. || [[Region Manabia|Manabia]] || ''Nord-Ouest'' || [[Bamenda]] || align="right"|17.300 |- | 8. || [[Region Dangsina|Dangsina]] || ''Sud'' || [[Ebolowa]] || align="right"|47.191 |- | 9. || [[Region Nariti|Nariti]] || ''Sud-Ouest'' || [[Buea, Kamerun|Buea]] || align="right"|25.410 |- | 10. || [[Region Hasundutan|Hasundutan]] || ''Ouest'' || [[Bafoussam]] || align="right"|13.892 |- |} ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{Afrika-stub}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Aprika]] lhcgakue5fmh926snizl6nwst2473hn 0 629 18137 16608 2026-08-22T13:21:28Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18137 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Kanada'''<br>'''''Canada'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg|200px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''Logu habangsoan''' :<br> ''[[O Canada]]'' |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:"O Canada", performed by the United States Third Marine Aircraft Wing Band.oga]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''[[Musik hasangaphon|Logu harajaon]]''' :<br> ''[[God Save the Queen]]''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201206190257/https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/royal-symbols-titles/royal-anthem.html Royal Anthem]. Pamarentahon Kanada. 11 Agustus 2017. Dibungka di ari 12 Oktober 2021</ref> |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:CAN orthographic.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Inganan ni Kanada |} '''Kanada''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Utara]]. Adong [[Propinsi dohot Teritori di Kanada|sampulu propinsi dohot tolu teritori]] di Kanada. Marbatasan dohot [[Amerika Serikat]] di bagian dangsina dohot hasundutan. [[Ottawa]] do huta sabungan ni Kanada, jala kota na umbalga di Kanada maringanan di [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]] dohot [[Vancouver]]. == Etimologi == Marudut sian [[Hata Iroquois|parhataan ni halak Iroquois]], na tading di topi [[Sunge Saint Lawrence]], do pandokan "Kanada" nian i ma ''kanata'', lapatanna "huta".<ref>Olson, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert (1991). ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA109&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism]''. Greenwood Publishing Group. alaman 109. ISBN 978-0-313-26257-9.</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{Amerika Utara-stub}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Utara]] 1mwrh6qq1cyunssawyjru45gu3z0fzi 0 636 18406 15818 2026-08-22T16:29:54Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Norton Motorcycle.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Kareta (''sepeda motor'') Norton.]] '''Kareta''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''sepeda motor''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''motorcycle'') ima sada kendaraan adong dua roda na<ref>Cossalter, Vittore. ''Motorcycle Dynamics'' (2006), Lulu, ISBN 978-1-4303-0861-4, Diakses tanggal 10 Desember 2021</ref> jala mamangke [[masin]] molo naeng padalanhon na. Inganan ni roda nai ingkon tigor duansa. Adong sitangna, na boi mangatur parhatop ni pardalanan ni kareta on, naeng hatop manang lambat, diatur pamangke na. Di [[Indonesia]], bahat do jolma na ampunasa kareta on, alana boi mardalani manag tudia, dungi, lumobi mura dohot ontik ditudoshon mamangke [[motor]].<ref>KumparanOTO, [https://kumparan.com/kumparanoto/kenapa-orang-indonesia-suka-banget-naik-motor/2 Kenapa orang Indonesia Suka Bangat Naik Motor] (29 Nopember 2017), ''www.kumparan.com'', Diakses tanggal 10 Desember 2021</ref> Di taon 2019, Indonesia adong di nomor 3 gabe nagara umbahatan mamangke kareta mamareng persentasina, bahatna 80 juta kareta, hira-hira 85% halak Indonesia adong karetana.<ref> Nurhadi, [https://otomotif.tempo.co/read/1530339/10-negara-pengguna-sepeda-motor-terbanyak-indonesia-di-urutan-ketiga/full&view=ok 10 Negara Pengguna Sepeda Motor Terbanyak, Indonesia Urutan Ketiga] (19 Nopember 2021), ''www.otomotif.tempo.co'', Diakses tanggal 10 Desember 2021</ref> == Parningotan == [[Ugasan:ZweiRadMuseumNSU Reitwagen.JPG|thumb|right|220px|Kareta (''sepeda motor'') parjolo di portibi on.]] Kareta on ma gabe transportasi na dipatorus sian [[lereng]] (''sepeda'') konpensional naparjolo hali ditompahon. Taon 1868, Michaux ex Cie, sada parusahaan parjolo di portibi on namangurupi mamproduksi skala bahat angka kareta titingki i. Dihembanghon ma [[masin uap]], gabe bahan padalanhon kareta. Alai, dang barhasil, gabe dipatorus si [[Edward Butler]] ma proyek on, nasida ima parmalo sian Inggeris. Dibahen si Butler ma kendaraan martolu roda. Dung sian ima, bahat ma angka namalo mambahen ragam ni kareta manang motor, ditingki i, tarmasuk ma si [[Gottlieb Daimler]] dohot [[Wilhelm Maybach]], angka namalo sian [[Jerman]]. Dung i, pajumpang ma si Daimler dohot si Maybach, tingki karejo di Deutz-AG-Gasmotorenfabrik, sada produsen masin stasioner naumbalga di taon 1872. Ampunasa Deutz-AG-Gasmotorenfabrik, margoar Nikolaus Otto, boi mambahen [[masin opat tak]] (''mesin empat langkah''), gabe dipatenhon masin i taon 1877. Taon 1880, si Daimler dohot Maybach diharuarhon sian parusahaan i, dung i dibahen halaki ma sada bengkel di Stuttgart, Jerman. Taon 1885, dibahen halaki ma sada [[karburator]]. Dung i, dipatorusma mangulahon masin opat tak gabe silinder 100 cc, jala dipraktekhon tu lereng manang kareta angin hau. Hapeng, boima mardalan lereng hau i mamangke masin. Dijou ma lereng i goarna ''Reitwagen'' manang "mangusung motor", jala on ma gabe kareta parjolo na dibahen manisia di portibi.<ref name="med">Media Kawasan. Edisi November 2013. alaman 78-80. Penciptaan Sepeda Motor: Dari Sepeda Hingga Mesin Empat Tak., Diakses 10 Desember 2021</ref><ref name="book">[http://books.google.co.id/books?id=iQxsme0owiMC&pg=PA3&dq=the+invention+of+motorcycle&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IkZ-Uv7aEIzArAe74IGoBA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=daimler&f=false Modern Motorcycle Technology, 2nd ed.] Edward Abdo. alaman 2-5. Delmar, Cengage Learning. Diakses tanggal 10 Desember 2021</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Commons|Category:motorcycle}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Transportasi]] [[Horong:Tehnologi]] [[Horong:Kendaraan]] 16kkefw6a02sotj14z5yer2817ek0va 0 637 18407 15751 2026-08-22T16:29:58Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:EMU01.jpg|220px|right|kanan|Gombar ni Kareta api]] '''Kareta api''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Kereta api''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''Train'') ima sada ulaula transportasi ni manisia jala boi dipangke museng mamboan angka barang-barang. Adong ragam ni kareta api, mamereng bahan na naeng padalanhon kareta api i. Sian haroroan diabad pa-19 hon, sude kareta api nunga mamangke [[lokomotip uap]], na dibuat sian [[batu bara]], [[hauma]], manang [[miak]] lao padalanhon kareta api on. Dung i, hira-hira taon 1910, margonti ma bahan utama na, ima [[lokomotip diesel]], dohot [[lokomotip listrik]]. == Ragam ni kareta api == === Segi teknologi jalur === ==== Rel konpensional (dua batang besi) ==== Kareta api rel konpensional ima kareta api na bahat dipangke di [[Indonesia]], songon kareta api na bahat di jalur [[Kota Medan|Medan]] tu Rantau Prapat, songon kareta api Sri Bilah misal na. Kareta api on mamangke rel dua batang sian [[baja]], na dipadosos Menggunakan rel yang terdiri dari dua batang baja nadituntum anture dohot hau jati. ==== Rel margigi ==== [[Ugasan:Lausanne Metro Track Closeup.jpg|thumb|kanan|220px|Jalur rel kareta api namargigi]] Kareta api margigi on dibahen di luat na bahat rahis jala timbo, gabe dipangke ma rel namargigi, dipeakhon di tonga-tonga ni rel kareta api. Hagunaon rel namargigi on, asa pagogo kareta api tu rel nai, molo mardalan di luat na rahis.<ref name="Jehan">Jehan, David. (2003) ''Rack Railways of Australia'', Publikasi: Illawarra Light Railway Museum Society, ISBN 0-9750452-0-2, Diakses tanggal 10 Desember 2021</ref> Holan adong di [[Pulo Sumatra]] dohot [[Pulo Jawa]] molo di Indonesia. ==== Monorel ==== [[Ugasan:TamaMonorail0841.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Jalur monorel Tama Toshi, Tokyo, [[Japang]].]] Monorel, ima sistem [[transportasi]] kareta api na mamangke rel tunggal, manang holan sada rel. Monorel on adong dua ragamna, ima Monorel pelana, dohot Monorel gantung. Astunan na, monorel pelana ima kareta api na adong diginjang rel na, molo monorel gantung ima kareta api na adong di toruni rel, margantung di rel nai. Somalna, panumpang di kareta api on dang pola bahat, songon kareta api marrel konpensional.<ref name="hy">Haoren, Yanuarsyah. ''Sistem Transportasi Elektrik'' (2017), Bandung-ITB Press, alaman 10, ISBN 978-602-7861-65-7, Diakses tanggal 10 Desember 2021</ref> ==== Maglev ==== [[Ugasan:JR-Maglev-MLX01-2.jpg|thumb|220px|kanan|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCMaglev SCMaglev]]] Kareta maglev (''Manglep'') ima ragam ni kareta api na humusor mangareap manang mangaleap di ginjang ni rel. Somalna di hata Indonesia didok on ma ''Kereta Cepat'', na boi mardalan hatop tu tujuan na. Na padalanhon kareta maglep on ima motor linear. Maglep dipangke gabe [[transportasi]] jarak na dao. Tingki dipadalan, dang tarbege suara mekanis ni kareta on. Daya tempuh ni maglep on boi sahat 500 [[Kilometer|km]]/[[jam]]. Adong museng pangambangon asa hatopna boi songon pesawat jet, ima 900 km/jam. Kareta ragam on dang adong dope di Indonesia. Angka di bangso na maju dope bahat Maglep on boi dijumpangi. Songon di Inggeris, kota Birmingham, adong ma maglep on dijumpangi. Angka bangso di Eropa, Amerika, Sina, Japang, nunga adong kareta on. Somalna karena on pe diarbishon tu bandara, gabe jalur utama transportasi haruar manang masuk tu bandara, khususna bandara internasional.<ref name="hy"/> Goar maglev dibuat sian hulimat marhata Inggeris ima ''magnetically levitated trains'', astuanna kareta api nadiangkat sasara magnetis. === Segi propulsi (pangurdotna) === [[Ugasan:Kareta Api Listrik.jpg|thumb|220px|kanan|Kareta Api Listrik di Stasiun Pondok Ranji, Kota Tangerang Dangsina]] Adong opat ragama ni kareta api, mamereng pangurdotna. On ma ragam ni padalanhon kareta api:<ref>[https://bobo.grid.id/read/08677905/jenis-kereta-api-berdasarkan-tenaga-penggeraknya Jenis Kereta Api Berdasarkan Tenaga Penggeraknya] (27 September 2017), ''www.bobo.grid.id'', Diakses tanggal 10 Desember 2021</ref> * Kareta api uap, ima kareta api na mamangke lokomotip uap. * Kareta api diesel, ima kareta api na mamangke lokomotip diesel. * Kareta api listrik, ima kareta api na mamangke lokomotip listrik. * Kareta api magnetik, ima kareta api na mamangke daya magnetik lao padalanhon na, maglev. == Pustaha == [[Horong:Transportasi]] <references />{{Authority control}} rnb7yyks45av1i1dvtvlblg7566i3gc 0 638 18411 15758 2026-08-22T16:30:29Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18411 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Portret van Raden Ajeng Kartini TMnr 10018776.jpg|thumb|upright|Gombar ni si Kartini]] '''Raden Adjeng Kartini''' ('''tubu''' di [[Kabupaten Jepara|Jepara]], [[Hindia Bolanda]] 21 April 1879 - '''monding''' di [[Kabupaten Rembang|Rembang]], [[Hindia Bolanda]] 17 September 1904) sanga tinanda museng goarna na unsumanan '''[[Raden Ayu]] Kartini''', i ma sada pangituai ni halak [[suku Jawa|Jawa]] dohot [[Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia]] (Ulubalang Nasional Indonesia). Kartini pe ditanda sada pangituai parheheon horong parompuan [[Nusantara]] tarlumobi di halak Jawa. [[Raden Ayu]] ima sada gelar tu angka borua ni bangsawan na marruma tangga tu baoa bangsawan sian pomparan paduahon sahat tu pawaluhon di sada raja Jawa naung hea mamarinta. Alai gelar R.A. (Raden Ajeng) on holan boi dipangke tingki dang marbagas dope. == Jujur ni ngolu == [[Ugasan:Sosroningrat, regent van Djapara.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Among ni Kartini, R.M.A.A. Sosroningrat, di taon 1900]] Raden Adjeng Kartini sorang di bagasan tondong ''[[priyayi]]'' sanga halak nasangap ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''bangsawan'') Jawa. Nasida ingkon boru ni Raden Mas Adipati Ario Sosroningrat, sada patih na ditabalhon gabe bupati di [[Kabupaten Jepara|Jepara]] diparsorang ni si Kartini. Kartini ingkon boru parjolo sian pardijabu parjolona, alai daong pardijabu utama. Inong ni Kartini margoar M.A. Ngasirah, boru ni [[Nyai]] Haji Siti Aminah dohot [[Kyai]] Haji Madirono, sada guru ugama di Telukawur, Jepara.<ref>[''On feminism and nationalism: Kartini's letters to Stella Zeehandelaar 1899-1903 (2005)''], Monash University, isbn:1876924357, alaman 2, diakses tanggal 21 April 2021</ref> == Buku == * '''''Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang''''' :Di taon [[1922]], [[Empat Saudara]], ''Door Duisternis Tot Licht'' mambahen buku [[hata Melayu]] namarjudul ''Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang; Boeah Pikiran''. Buku on dirongkom [[Balai Pustaka]]. [[Armijn Pane]], sada sastrawan [[Pujangga Baru]], na dohot mangalapatanihon angka surat-surat ni Kartini tu buku ''Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang''. :Taon [[1938]], buku ''[[Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang]]'' dirongkomhon museng. Buku nadilapatanihon si Armijn Pane ini, ingkon dibahen gabe sabolas hali. Adong museng angka surat-surat Kartini dilapatanihon tu [[hata Jawa]] dohot [[hata Sunda]]. * '''''Surat-surat Kartini, Renungan Tentang dan Untuk Bangsanya''''' :Surat-surat Kartini mangalapatanihon [[Sulastin Sutrisno]]. :Buku nadibahen Sulastin Sutrisno marjudul judul ''Surat-surat Kartini, Renungan Tentang dan Untuk Bangsanya''. Pandok ni si Sulastin, judul ni buku molo sian hata Bolando gabe: "Surat-surat Kartini, Renungan Tentang dan Untuk Bangsa Jawa". Dung, si Sulastin pe marpandapot, tungke buku i disurat mamangke hata Jawa, alai nadimarsita si Kartini ingkon adong hamajuon di sude bangso Indonesia. * '''''Panggil Aku Kartini Saja''''' :Asing ni angka punguan surat, adong muse angka jahaon nalumobi tu pamikkiran ni Kartini. Ima buku ''[[Panggil Aku Kartini Saja]]'' nadibahen [[Pramoedya Ananta Toer]]. Buku ''Panggil Aku Kartini Saja'' dibahen sian godang data nadipapungu si Pramoedya. * '''''Kartini Surat-surat kepada Ny RM Abendanon-Mandri dan suaminya''''' :Di ujung taon 1987, [[Sulastin Sutrisno]] mambahen gombaran naimbaru tentang Kartini disada buku ''Kartini Surat-surat kepada Ny RM Abendanon-Mandri dan suaminya''. Gombaran naparpudi lumobi tentang punguan angka surat naditulis Kartini tu Abendanon, mangalapatanihon ''Door Duisternis Tot Licht''. :Kartini digombarhon gabe sada pejuang emansipasi na maju dibagasan marpingkir ditudoshon tu angka dadaboru Jawa ditingki i. Dibagasan surat tanggal [[27 Oktober]] [[1902]], si Kartini manulis surat tu Nyonya Abendanon jala mandok molo ibana nunga mantak mangallang jagal, dipatamba museng molo ibana nunga gabe [[vegetarian]].<ref>[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/04/21/08471776/Siapa.Menyangka.RA.Kartini.Vegetarian Prasetya, L.A. "''Siapa Menyangka R.A. Kartini Vegetarian''"] - [[Kompas (koran)|Kompas]], Rabu, 21 April 2021</ref> == Parningotan == === Hari Kartini === [[Ugasan:Makam Kartini.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Kuburan ni R.A. Kartini di [[Bulu, Rembang]].]] Presiden [[Soekarno]] mambahen surat Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 108 Tahun 1964, tanggal 2 Mei 1964, manotophon Kartini gabe Pahlawan Kemerdekaan Nasional, jala maniti ari hatutubu na, gabe '''Hari Kartini'''. === Goar ni dalan di Bolanda === * [[Utrecht]]: Di Utrecht, dalan R.A. Kartini sanga '''Kartinistraat''' gabe sada dalan utama, bentukna 'U' ukuranna umbalgaan sian dalan na marogar pangituai, songon dalan [[Augusto Sandino]], [[Steve Biko]], [[Che Guevara]], [[Agostinho Neto]]. * [[Venlo]]: Di Venlo, Bolanda Dangsina, '''R.A. Kartinistraat''' bentuk 'O' di kawasan Hagerhof, di sekitarna museng adong goar dalan pangituai dadaboru songon dalan [[Anne Frank]] dohot [[Mathilde Wibaut]]. * [[Amsterdam]]: Di wilayah Amsterdam Zuidoost sanga [[Bijlmer]], dalan '''Raden Adjeng Kartini''' ditulis lengkap. Di jonok dalan Kartini adong goar dalan na asingna, ima dalan [[Rosa Luxemburg]], [[Nilda Pinto]], [[Isabella Richaards]]. * [[Haarlem]]: Di Haarlem, dalan Kartini jonok tu dalan [[Mohammad Hatta]], [[Sutan Sjahrir]] dohot dalan langsung tu dalan [[Chris Soumokil]], presiden paduahon ni Republik Maluku Dangsina == Pustaha == <references/>{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ulubalang]] [[Horong:Ulubalang Nasional Indonesia]] crdcp062ep90g96y7q2sodgrco4s3rd 0 639 18412 8683 2026-08-22T16:30:42Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18412 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Kasakhstan'''<br />'''''Қазақстан Республикасы'''''</big></big> | colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Emblem of Kazakhstan (1992-2018).svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan :<br />[[Менің Қазақстаным]]<br />(Hata Batak Toba : Kasakhstanhu) |- | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Kazakhstan_(instrumental).oga]] |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" |[[Ugasan:Kazakhstan_(orthographic_projection).svg|300x300px]] |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Kasakhstan di Portibi |} '''Kasakhstan''' ([[Hata Kasakh]]: '''Қазақстан''' / '''Qazaqstan''') adong ma nagara na tarampe di [[Asia Tonga]], Luatna marjejer sian [[Pardolokan Altai]] di Purba, sondot tu Laut Kaspia, Kasakhstan marupahon nagara naumbalga pasiahon i sandok Portibi, deba luatna marbalok mamintor dohot [[Rusia]] di Utara dohot Pastima, di Purba marbalok dohot [[Sina]], [[Usbekistan]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Kirgistan]] dohot [[Laut Kaspia]] == Sarita == Kasakhstan mamaritahon hamardekaon na di 16 Desember 1991 == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} gto97qps9qnmnc4wwqmv4aflp9q1pg1 0 662 18138 12784 2026-08-22T13:21:44Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18138 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Colombia.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Kolombia]] '''Kolombia''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Dangsina]]. Huta sabunganna maringanan di [[Bogota]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Dangsina-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Dangsina]] p6xcd7fn9tu0qrehmyruynphy9txu1g 0 663 18448 13377 2026-08-22T16:46:58Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Olympic Rings.svg|thumb|250px|right|<center>Logo resmi ni Komite Olimpiade Internasional</center>]] '''Komite Olimpiade Internasional''' ([[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''International Olympic Committee'' dipapendek '''IOC'''; ) ima sada organisasi na maringanan di [[Lausanne]], [[Swiss]], na dipajonjong [[Pierre de Coubertin]] taon [[1894]] asa boi mangulahon [[Olimpiade Kuno]] di [[Junani]]. Olimpiade gabe parlombaan olahraga na dipaadong sahali opat taon.<ref>Roger Bartlett, Chris Gratton, Christer G. Rolf ''Encyclopedia of International Sports Studies''. Routledge, 2012, alaman 678, diakses 7 Agustus 2021</ref> == Dewan Eksekutip IOC == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Manjabat !! Goar !! Nagara |- |'''Presiden Kehormatan'''|| [[Jacques Rogge]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg|20px]] Belgia |- |'''Presiden'''|| [[Thomas Bach]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Germany.svg|20px]] Jerman |- |rowspan=4| '''Wakil Presiden''' || [[Yu Zaiqing]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]] Tiongkok |- | [[Ng Ser Miang]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Singapore.svg|20px]] Singapura |- | [[John Coates]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|20px]] Australia |- | [[Nicole Hoevertsz]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Aruba.svg|20px]] Aruba |- |rowspan=10 | '''Anggota Eksekutip''' || [[Nenad Lalovic]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Serbia.svg|20px]] Serbia |- | [[Kirsty Coventry]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|20px]] Jimbabwe |- | [[Ivo Ferriani]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Italy.svg|20px]] Italia |- | [[Prince Faisal bin Hussein|Prince Feisal Al Hussein]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Jordan.svg|20px]] Yordania |- | [[Nawal El Moutawakel]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Morocco.svg|20px]] Maroko |- | [[Mikee Cojuangco Jaworski|Mikaela Cojuangco Jaworski]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of the Philippines.svg|20px]] Pilipina |- | [[Gerardo Werthein]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px]] Argentina |- | [[Robin E. Mitchell]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Fiji.svg|20px]] Piji |- | [[Denis Oswald (sports official)|Denis Oswald]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Switzerland.svg|20px]] Swiss |- | [[Kristin Kloster Aasen]] ||[[Ugasan:Flag of Norway.svg |20px]] Norwegia |- |'''Direktur Jenderal''' || [[Christophe De Kepper]] || [[Ugasan:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg|20px]] Belgia |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Olimpiade]] [[Horong:Olahraga]] 4f53da3z1nm0qtxx2xesyol1bq7m3g7 0 664 18428 14333 2026-08-22T16:42:17Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Komodo dragon Varanus komodoensis Ragunan Zoo 2.JPG|thumb|upright=1.5|kanan|Gombar ni Komodo, sian [[Kobun Binatang Ragunan]], Jakarta Dangsina, Indonesia]] '''Komodo''' ([[Surat Batak]]:ᯂᯬᯔᯬᯑᯬ, di hata [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] sipata didok ''biawak komodo'', bahasa Latin: ''Varanus komodoensis''), ima sada binatang ragam ni [[Lobar]] nabalga na adong mangolu di pulo [[Komodo (pulo)|Komodo]], pulo [[Pulo Rinca|Rinca]], [[Pulo Plores|Plores]], [[Gili Motang]], dohot [[Gili Dasami]] di Propinsi [[Nusa Anggoni Purba]] (''Nusa Tenggara Timur''), [[Indonesia]].<ref name="itis">[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=202168#null ''Varanus komodoensis'' (2007)], www.itis.gov, 29 Mei 2021</ref><ref name="komo">Trooper Walsh; Murphy, James Jerome; Claudio Ciofi; Colomba De LA Panouse. [https://archive.org/details/komododragonsbio0000unse ''Komodo Dragons: Biology and Conservation (Zoo and Aquarium Biology and Conservation Series)'' (2002)], Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C, isbn: 1-58834-073-2, tanggal 29 Mei 2021</ref> Molo di Nusa Anggoni Purba, halak di pulo Komodo manjou Komodo ima '''ora'''.<ref name="amnh">[http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/Endangered/ora/ora.html ''Endangered! Ora''], www.amnh.org, 29 Mei 2021.</ref> Komodo ima pinahan sian tondong ni [[Varanidae]] umbalga an. Tungpe tondong ni [[Ilik]] naumbalgaan di portibi, ganjang ni Komodo hira-hira 2-3 [[meter]] boratna boi sahat tu 100&nbsp;kg. Komodo ima pinahan panoro di pusuk di habitatna, alana dang adong dope binatang karnipora na asingna di bariba pulo hangoluan ni angka Komodo.<ref name="world">Chris Mattison, ''Lizards of the World (Of the World)'' (1989 & 1992), Facts on File-New York, alaman 16, 57, 99, 175, isbn: 0-8160-5716-8, 29 Mei 2021</ref><ref>Burness G, Diamond J, Flannery T. ''Dinosaurs, Dragons, and Dwarfs: The Evolution of Maximal Body Size'' (2001), Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A - Volume 98, alaman 14518-14523, pmid:11724953, 29 Mei 2021</ref><ref name="firefly">Tim Halliday (Editor); Kraig Adler (Editor). [https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse_p6l7 ''Firefly Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians'' (2002)], Firefly Books Ltd - Hove, alaman 113, 144, 147, 168, 169, isbn:1-55297-613-0, 29 Mei 2021</ref> == Partinandaan ni Komodo == [[Ugasan:Komodo dragon skin.jpg|thumb|left|Sisik ni komodo.]] [[Ugasan:KDragon1mj.jpg|thumb|kanan|Pat dohot ihur ni komodo.]] [[Ugasan:Varanus komodoensis3.jpg|thumb|kanan|Komodo na marjomur.]] Komodo riar naung matobang, borat pamatangna boi sahat tu 70&nbsp;kg, alai molo komodo nadipahani songon di kobun binatang, boratna boi umboratan. Ganjang ni Komodo riar na hea didapot, ima 3,13 meter dohot boratna 166&nbsp;kg.<ref name="sciam">Ciofi, Claudia. [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=000EFE16-865C-1CD6-B4A8809EC588EEDF ''The Komodo Dragon'' (Maret 1999)]. ''Scientific American'', diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref> Ganjang ni ihur komodo, haira sarupo tu ganjang ni pamatangna.<ref name="biz">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080307024159/http://www.komododragon.biz/KomodoDragonFactSheet ''Komodo Dragon - An Information Resource - Fact Sheet''] www.komododragon.biz, diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref> Komodo jantan umbalgaan sian komodo pamuean. Uarna sisik ni jantan tar hulabu golap sahat tu uarna narara batu bata, molo komodo pamuean uarna ijo tar bara, dohot adong tanda uarna nahuning gelleng di aruaruna. Umbahatan uarna ni komodo naposo, sian na huning, ijo, bontar, dohot na birong. Di bagasan baba ni komodo na matobang, ingkon adong 60 ipon margarigi tajam ganjangna 2,5 [[sentimeter|cm]]. Ipon nai jotjot tading.<ref name="whozoo">[http://whozoo.org/students/amabau/komodo_dragon.htm ''Whozoo Komodo Dragon''], www.whozoo.org, diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref> Dila ni Komodo somalna ganjang, maruarna huning tar bara saotik, jala mardangka.<ref name="sciam"/> Aek ijur ni komodo gabe na jotjot dihatai jolma, alana dirimpu bahat jolma, molo ijur ni Komodo sanga Ilik, sarupo rasunna dohot rasun ni [[ulok]] sanga Ilik namarbisa. Tungpe sogoni, angka napistar di bidang binatang, totop marbeda panapot tontang parmaraan alani ijur ni Komodo.<ref name="docent">[https://web.archive.org/web/20061127173608/http://www.szgdocent.org/resource/rr/c-komodo.htm ''Komodo Dragon''], www.szgdocent.org, diakses 29 Mei 2021.</ref> == Pamatang ni Komodo == [[Ugasan:Komodo Dragons in the wild on Rinca island Indonesia..jpg|thumb|kanan|Komodo di Rinca.]] [[Ugasan:Komodo Dragon Eating Rinca.jpg|thumb|left|Komodo naposo di Rinca mangallang [[horbo]].]] Mata ni Komodo boi mamereng daona sahat 300 m, alai pemerenganna dang denggan molo borngin, dibahen retina gelleng. Komodo boi paimbarhon angka uarna, alai dang boi maimbarhon angka barang naso humusor.<ref name="nzpfactsheet">[http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/ReptilesAmphibians/Facts/FactSheets/Komododragon.cfm ''Komodo Dragon Fact Sheet - National Zoo''], www.nationalzoo.si.edu, diakses 29 Mei 2021</ref> Dung i, Komodo pe dang boi marbinege, tungpe adong lubang ni pinggolna.<ref name="bbc">[https://web.archive.org/web/20050321094818/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/features/336feature1.shtml ''BBC - Science & Nature - Articles - The Komodo conundrum''], www.bbc.co.uk, 29 Mei 2021</ref> Molo naeng managkup mangsa na, Komodo somalna mamangke dila, songon somalna tondon ni [[Squamata]]. Dila ni komodo boi manangkup angka bau di alogo, dung i, angir sian alogo i masuk tu langit-langit ni baba na, hata ilmiahna dijou ma [[organ Jacobson]], mananda sude na adong di jonok ni komodo i.<ref name="draconian"/> Alogo i ma na mangurupi komodo mangulului sipanganon. Molo komodo mamereng tu siambirang sanga tu siamun, artina komodo naeng manandahon adong bau di lambung na. Angka bangke, boi ditanda komodo sahat tu 4—9.5&nbsp;km daona. Lubang igung ni komodo gunana holan marhosa, dang mangumma na angir.<ref name="zipcode">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190225/http://zipcodezoo.com/animals/v/varanus_komodoensis.asp ''Varanus komodoensis''], www.Zipcodezoo.com, 29 Mei 2021.</ref> Komodo pe dang adong pangaro ni dilana, holan saotik sajo diujung ni aruaruna.<ref name="draconian">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212824/http://www.draconian.com/dragons/komodo-dragon-background.php ''Komodo Dragon - Background''], www.draconian.com, 29 Mei 2021</ref> == Pangalaho == [[Ugasan:Komodo coin, Indonesia Dscn0057.jpg|thumb|left|Hepeng koin [[Rupiah]] Indonesia margombar komodo.]] [[Ugasan:Komodo-dragon-1.jpg|thumb|kanan|Dua komodo di Pulo Komodo.]] Komodo riar holan boi dibereng di [[Indonesia]] topetna di propinsi [[Nusa Anggoni Habinsaran|Nusa Tenggara Timur]], di pulo [[Pulo Komodo|Komodo]], pulo [[Pulo Rinca|Rinca]] dohot adong di marpiga di pulo jonok tu pulo utama, dohot di pesisir pastima pulo [[Pulo Flores|Flores]].<ref name="sczkd">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071208055018/http://www.scz.org/animals/d/komodo.html ''Sedgewick County Zoo information about Varanus Komodoensis''], www.scz.org, diakses 29 Mei 2021.</ref> Habitat komodo ima di padang rumput tarbuka (sabana) dohot harangan, sipata sahat tu pesisir pantai. Somalna komodo holan humusir di siangni ari sahat tu sore ari, alai totop marlinggom molo milas mataniari. == Pustaha == [[Horong:Binatang]] <references />{{Authority control}} 1snv32fyx5vrmkkndb20jxtdjwdcc3j 0 666 18139 12507 2026-08-22T13:22:00Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18139 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Korea'''<br>ᯒᯪᯇᯮᯅ᯲ᯞᯂᯪ᯲ᯂᯬᯒᯩᯀ<br>대한민국/大韓民國<br>''Daehan Minguk''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of South Korea.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Emblem of South Korea.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>"애국가"("愛國歌")<br>[[Aegukga]]<br><small><small>"Logu Patriotik"</small></small> |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:National anthem of South Korea, performed by the United States Navy Band.wav]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Republic of Korea (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Luat na digomgomi (ijo matua) <br> Luat na diauhon do bondana, hape dang digomgomi (ijo muda) |} '''Korea Dangsina''' ([[Surat Batak]]:ᯂᯬᯒᯩᯀᯑᯰᯘᯪᯉ; [[Surat Hangul|Hangul]]/[[Surat Hanja|Hanja]]: 대한민국/韓國, [[Romanisasi Korea|Latin]]: ''Hanguk''; [[Hata Indonesia]]: ''Korea Selatan'' ; [[Hata Inggeris]]: ''South Korea''), goar resmina '''Republik Korea''' ([[Surat Batak]]:ᯒᯪᯇᯮᯅ᯲ᯞᯪᯂ᯲ ᯂᯮᯒᯩᯀ, [[Surat Hangul|Hangul]]/[[Surat Hanja|Hanja]]: 대한민국/大韓民國, [[Romanisasi Korea|Latin]]: ''Daehan Minguk'') i ma sada nagara na masuk tu [[Asia|Banua Asia]] jala maringanan di [[Semenanjung Korea]], marbatasan tu [[Korea Utara]], dohot [[Sina]]. Korea Dangsina dohot Korea Utara gabe sada nagara sahat tu taon 1948.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180625213700/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2144.html?countryName=Korea,%20South&countryCode=ks&regionCode=eas&#ks "Lokasi Korea Selatan" 06-07-2020]</ref> Nagara on pe digoari ''Hanguk'' (한국; 韓國).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150703194347/https://www.cia.gov/Library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ks.html "Local short name" 06-07-2020]</ref>, dung i, halak Korea dijou muse gabe ''Namchosŏn''. Huta sabungan ni nagara on adong di [[Kota Seoul]], hira 51.709.098 halak ma luat na (2019), dohot 100.363 km² bidang ni tano Korea Dangsina. == Luat administratip == Pambagian luat administratip di Korea Dangsina i ma ualu '''propinsi''', sada '''propinsi hasudungan na manjae''' (''special self-governing province''), onom '''kota metropolitan''' (''metropolitan city''), sada '''kota hasudungan''' (''special city'') dohot sada '''kota hasudungan na manjae''' (''special self-governing city''). {| class="wikitable" |- ! '''Goar''' !! '''[[Surat Hangul|Hangul]]''' !! '''[[Surat Hanja|Hanja]]''' !! '''Huta sabungan''' |- !scope="row" colspan="4" text-align="center;"|'''Kota hasudungan (''Special city''/''Teukbyeol-si'')''' |- | [[Seoul]] || 서울특별시 || 서울特別市 || [[Distrik Jung, Seoul|Jung]] |- !scope="row" colspan="4" text-align="center;"|'''Kota metropolitan (''Metropolitan city''/''Gwangyeok-si'')''' |- | [[Busan]] || 부산광역시 || 釜山廣域市 || [[Distrik Yeonje|Yeonje]] |- | [[Daegu]] || 대구광역시 || 大邱廣域市 || [[Distrik Jung, Daegu|Jung]] |- | [[Incheon]] || 인천광역시 || 仁川廣域市 || [[Distrik Namdong|Namdong]] |- | [[Gwangju]] || 광주광역시 || 光州廣域市 || [[Distrik Seo, Gwangju|Seo]] |- | [[Daejeon]] || 대전광역시 || 大田廣域市 || [[Distrik Seo,Daejeon|Seo]] |- | [[Ulsan]] || 울산광역시 || 蔚山廣域市 || [[Distrik Nam, Ulsan|Nam]] |- !scope="row" colspan="4" text-align="center;"|'''Kota hasudungan na manjae (''Special self-governing city''/''Teukbyeol-jachi-si'')''' |- | [[Sejong]] || 세종특별자치시 || 世宗特別自治市 || [[Boram-dong]] |- !scope="row" colspan="4" text-align="center;"|'''Propinsi (''Province''/''Do'')''' |- | [[Gyeonggi]] || 경기도 || 京畿道 || [[Suwon]] |- | [[Gangwon]] || 강원도 || 江原道 || [[Chuncheon]] |- | [[Chungcheong Utara]] || 충청북도 || 忠淸北道 || [[Cheongju]] |- | [[Chungcheong Dangsina]] || 충청남도 || 忠淸南道 || [[Hongseng]] |- | [[Jeolla Utara]] || 전라북도 || 全羅北道 || [[Jeonju]] |- | [[Jeolla Dangsina]] || 전라남도 || 全羅南道 || [[Muan]] |- | [[Gyeongsang Utara]] || 경상북도 || 慶尙北道 || [[Andong]] |- | [[Gyeongsang Dangsina]] || 경상남도 || 慶尙南道 || [[Changwon]] |- !scope="row" colspan="4" text-align="center;"|'''Propinsi hasudungan na manjae (''Special self-governing province''/''Teukbyeol-jachi-do'')''' |- | [[Jeju]] || 제주특별자치도 || 濟州特別自治道 || [[Kota Jeju]] |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}} {{commons|Category:South Korea}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] 0ewrekcc9wmep3airc7kyt6cxr3l5ya 0 667 18140 12510 2026-08-22T13:23:02Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18140 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Demokratik Halak Korea'''<br>조선민주주의인민공화국<br> 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國 <br>''Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="125px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of North Korea.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="125px"|[[Ugasan:Emblem of North Korea.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>"애국가"<br>[[Aegukka|''Aegukka'']]<br><small><small>"Logu Patriotik"</small></small> |- |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Democratic People's Republic of Korea (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Luat na digomgomi (ijo matua) <br> Luat na diauhon do bondana, hape dang digomgomi (ijo muda) |} '''Korea Utara''', goar resmina '''Republik Demokratik Halak Korea''' ([[Surat Hangul|Chosongul]]: 조선민주주의인민공화국, [[Surat Hanja|Hancha]]: 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國, ''Chosŏn Minjujuŭi Inmin Konghwaguk'', [[hata Inggeris]]: ''Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK)'') i ma sada nagara na maringanan di bagian utara ni [[Semenanjung Korea]]. Marbatasan dohot [[Sina]] huhut [[Rusia]] di bagian utara na dirupahon salpu dua binangan i ma [[Binanga Yalu|Yalu {Amnok)]] dohot [[Binangan Tumen|Tumen]], jala [[Korea Dangsina]] di bagian dangsina salpu [[Zona Deminiterisasi Korea|Zona Demiliterisasi Korea]]. [[Pyongyang]] do huta sabungan dohot kota na umbalga ni Korea Utara. == Geograpi == [[Ugasan:North Korea Topography.png|300px|thumb|right|Peta topograpi ni Korea Utara]] [[Ugasan:0409 - Nordkorea 2015 - Kumgang Gebirge (22961925095).jpg|300px|thumb|right|Dolok Kumgang]] Digomgomi Korea Utara do bagian utara ni Semenanjung Korea. Bidangna i ma 120.540 kilometer persegi (46.541 mil persegi). Di bagian habinsaran adong [[Laut Hunik]] dohot [[Londut Korea]], dohot [[Laut Japang]].<br> Titik na tumimbo di Korea Utara i ma [[Gunung Baekdu|Gunung Paektu]], sada gunung marapi dohot 2.744 meter (9.003 kaki) do timbona di atas ni permukaan aek laut. === Pambagian ni luat administratip === {| class="wikitable" |- ! '''Goar''' !! '''Chosŏn'gŭl''' !! Pusok pamarentahan |- !scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|'''Huta sabungan (''chikhalsi'')''' |- | [[Pyongyang]] || 평양직할시 || ([[Chung-guyok]]) |- !scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|'''Kota hasudungan (''teukbyeolsi'')''' |- | [[Rason]] || 라선특별시 || ([[Rajin-guyok]]) |- !scope="row" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|'''Propinsi (''do'')''' |- | [[Pyongan Dangsina]] || 평안남도 || [[Pyongsong]] |- | [[Pyongan Utara]] || 평안북도 || [[Sinuiju]] |- | [[Chagang]] || 자강도 || [[Kanggye]] |- | [[Hwanghae Dangsina]] || 황해남도 || [[Haeju]] |- | [[Hwanghae Utara]] || 황해북도 || [[Sariwon]] |- | [[Kangwon]] || 강원도 || [[Wonsan]] |- | [[Hamgyong Dangsina]] || 함경남도 || [[Hamhung]] |- | [[Hamgyong Utara]] || 함경북도 || [[Chongjin]] |- | [[Ryanggang]] || 량강도 || [[Hyesan]] |- |} == Pustaha == {{Asia-stub}} {{commons|Category:North Korea}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] qmornajacdm3t87xbd1i3iqxs5e23ul 0 668 18427 15106 2026-08-22T16:41:53Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Koronapirus'''<ref>Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Republik Indonesia, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210421095145/https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/, Arti kata koronavirus pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan], 20 Mei 2020</ref> manang '''''coronavirus ''''' (na somal digoari: '''virus korona''', '''virus ''corona''''', manang '''virus ''Corona''''') ima angka [[pirus]] sian subfamili ''Orthocoronavirinae'' di bagasan [[keluarga (biologi)|keluarga]] ''[[Coronaviridae]]'' dohot [[ordo (biologi)|ordo]] ''[[Nidovirales]]''.<ref>[''Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses'', de Groot RJ, Baker SC, Baric R, Enjuanes L, Gorbalenya AE, Holmes KV, Perlman S, Poon L, Rottier PJ, Talbot PJ, Woo PC, Ziebuhr J, publisher: Elsevier, location: Oxford, year:2011, isbn:978-0-12-384684-6, alaman. 806–828, chapter:Family ''Coronaviridae'' ]</ref><ref>[http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_documents/m/msl/1231/download.aspx, ICTV Master Species List 2009 – v10] International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, 24 Agustus 2010, diakses 21 April 2021</ref> On ma angka pirus na boi mamboan [[sahit]] tu [[pidong]] dohot [[mamalia]] (dohot ma i tu [[jolma manisia]]).<ref>[''Viral membrane proteins: structure, function, and drug design'', Wolfgang B. Fischer, Springer (2005), ISBN 978-0-306-48495-7, alaman. 49-52</ref> Molo tu jolma manisia, boi do koronavirus mambahen [[hasesega tu dalan ni hosa]] na so pola borat, songon [[pilek]], jala adong muse do na borat songon [[SARS]], [[MERS]], dohot [[COVID-19]] ima na boi mambahen dalan ni hamatean. Somalna, marimbar do ianggo panghorhonna tu ganup-ganup angka binatang manang dorbia na asing: molo tu [[manuk]], gabe [[hasesega di dalan ni hosa na di ginjang]] alani koronapirus on, alai molo tu [[lombu]] dohot [[pinahan]] boi do gabe [[rojanon]]. Ro di sadarion ndang adong dope [[paksin]] manang [[ubat antipirus]] na boi pasidinghon manang pamalumhon hasesega na binahen ni koronapirus on tu jolma manisia. ==Hadadapotna== ==Goar dohot tarombo ni hata== ==Parbalina== ==Taksonomi== ==Koronapirus tu jolma== ==Sahit na masa== ==Pustaha== [[Horong:Pirus]] [[Horong:Biologi]] [[Horong:Sahit]] <references />{{Authority control}} 70vsjxdc37yk1gk8kbpci65s8rfjip8 0 672 18285 9748 2026-08-22T14:06:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18285 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Latin cross (bold).svg|thumb|right|upright|<center>[[Silang]], simbol ni ugamo Kristen</center>]] '''Kristen''' manang '''Hakristenon''' ([[Hata Inggeris|Inggris]]: ''Christian'' manang ''Christianity'') ima sada [[ugamo]] [[Ugama abrahamik|Abrahamik]] [[Monoteisme|monoteistik]] namangihuthon ajaran ni [[Jesus Kristus]], ansiat pusok poda di bagasan ugamo Kristen. Tunduk lonsam, bahat ni manisia maruagamo Kristen di portibi on hira-hira 2,6&nbsp;miliar halak di taon 2023,<ref>Zoll, Rachel. [https://www.theguardian.com/world/feedarticle/10003271 ''Study: Christian population shifts from Europe''], Associated Press (19 Desember 2011), diakses 10 Juni 2021</ref><ref name="PewDec2012">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113632/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf ''The Global Religious Landscape: Christianity''], Pew Research Center (Desember 2012), diakses 10 Juni 2021</ref><ref name="World">33,39% sian ~7,2&nbsp;miliar manisia di portibi on (di bagian 'People') [https://web.archive.org/web/20100105171656/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html ''World''], The World Factbook - CIA, diakses 10 Juni 2021</ref><ref name="gordonconwell.edu">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141543/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf ''Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact''], www.gordonconwell.edu, diakses 10 Juni 2021</ref><ref name="Global Christianity">ANALYSIS [https://web.archive.org/web/20181226061838/http://www.pewforum.org/christian/global-christianity-exec.aspx ''Global Christianity''], Pew Research Center (19 Desember 2011), diakses 10 Juni 2021</ref> manang hira-hira 33% sian populasi global. Haporseaan ni halak Kristen, Jesus dihaporseai [[Debata Anak|Anak ni Debata]] dohot [[Parhorasan (Kristen)|parhorasan ni manisia]] na ro tu portibi gabe [[Mesias]] ([[Kristus]]) na dung disurathon dibagasan [[Bibel]] [[Padan Narobi]].<ref>Woodhead, Linda. ''Christianity: A Very Short Introduction'' (2004), Oxford University Press - Oxford, 10 Juni 2021</ref> == Astuan == Hata "Kristen" ro na sian asal hata [[Hata Junani Kuno|Junani Kuno]] ima ''Χριστός'' (dijaha ''[[Kristus|Khristós]]'', di bahaso Latin gabe ''Christus''), na dilapatani sian bahaso [[Bahaso Heber|Heber (Ibrani)]] ima מָשִׁיחַ dijaha ''[[Mesias|Māšîăḥ]]'', artina "halak na diurasi", dipamasuk hata parpudi (''akhiran'') Latin ''-ian'' dohot ''-itas''. == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ugamo]] [[Horong:Kristen]] 6qw5ahax7rpjmmehtsfr9gtefcy7vvv 0 673 18143 12541 2026-08-22T13:23:29Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kuando el rey Nimrod''' ([[Surat Heber]]: קואנדו אל ריי נמרוד; "Tagan Raja Nimrod") i ma sada logu ni [[halak Sephardi]]. Diendehon di bagasan [[hata Ladino]] jala mansaritahon turiturian hatutubu ni [[Abraham]].{{Porlu pustaha}} ==Turiturian== ==Pandapot== ==Lirik ni ende== On ma lirik logu ni ''Kuando el rey Nimrod'' : {| class="wikitable" |+ ![[Hata Ladino]] !Lapatan di hata Batak Toba |- |''Kuando el rei Nimrod al kampo salia''<br> ''mirava en el sielo i en la estreyeria''<br> ''vido una lus santa en la juderia''<br> ''Ke avia de naser Avraham Avinu.'' |Di tingki laho do Raja Nimrod tu huta<br> Diida ibana do surgo dohot bintang<br> Diida ibana do sondang na surung di bagian Jahudi<br> Tubu do Abraham, amanta |- |''Chorus:''<br> ''Avraham Avinu, Padre kerido''<br> ''Padre bendicho, lus de Israel.'' |''Refrain:'' Abraham amanta, na pinarsinta<br> Ama na dipasupasu, sipanondang ni Israel |- |''Luego a las komadres enkomendava''<br> ''Ke toda mujer ke prenyada kedara''<br> ''si paria un ijo, al punto la matara''<br> ''Ke avia de naser Avraham Avinu.'' |Dipaboahon ibana ma sibaso i<br> Na gabegabean do angka parompuan i<br> Molo tubu do anak baoa i dipamatehon do ibana<br> Ala na tubu do Abraham, amanta |- |''La mujer de Terah kedo prenyada''<br> ''i de dia en dia el le preguntava (or demandava)''<br> ''"¿De ke teneix la kara tan demudada?"''<br> ''Eya ya savia el bien ke tenia.'' |Nunga gabegabean ma ripe ni si Terah<br> jala disungkun Terah do ibana<br> "Boasa sonang hian do bohimi?"<br> Diboto ibana pasupasu na adong di ibana |- |''En fin de mueve mezes parir keria''<br> ''iva caminando por kampos i vinyas,''<br> ''a su marido tal ni le descubria''<br> ''topo una meara, ayi lo pariria'' |Di ujung ni sia bulan naeng tubu do ibana<br> Mardalan ibana salpu adaran dohot porlak anggur<br> So dipaboahon ibana do tu si Terah<br> Didomu ibana do sada gua, di si do ibana manubuhon anakna |- |''En akella ora el nasido avlava:''<br> ''"Anda vos, la mi madre, de la meara,''<br> ''yo ya topo kien m'alechara,''<br> ''Malah de sielo me acompanyara''<br> ''porke so criado del Dio bendicho."'' |Di tingki i, didok anak na baru tubu do:<br> "Laho ma hita sian gua on, inangku<br> Nunga hudomu ma sada halak na mamboan ahu laho<br> Ro do sada suruan na mandongani au<br> Ala na ahu do anak na dipasupasu Debata |- |} ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Musik-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu tradisional]] 4px0ovuu958oc3rq439jrnrtgh9oay1 0 676 18144 16195 2026-08-22T13:23:38Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Kyzyl|ᯂᯪᯘᯪᯞ᯲, ᯒᯮᯘᯪᯛ}} [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Kyzyl.svg|200px|thumb|right|Partanda ni Kyzyl]] '''Kyzyl''' i ma sada kota di [[Rusia]], jala huta sabungan ni [[Republik Tuva]]. Lapatan ni ''Kyzyl'' di bagasan [[hata Tuva]] i ma "rara". Parjolo kota nian dijou ''Belotsarsk'' (sahat tu taon 1918), ''Khem-Beldyr'' (sahat tu taon 1926). ==Geograpi== ==Pustaha== {{Rusia-stub}} {{Huta sabungan di Republik Rusia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Rusia]] [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Utara]] [[Horong:Kota di Rusia]] 714hurjt1iczfyy2agkrz4o2h5ggoua 0 677 18488 5472 2026-08-22T17:08:23Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Land der Berge Land am Strome instrumental.ogg|thumb|Logu habangsaon Austria, "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" dimaenhon angkup U.S. Navy Band]] '''''Land der Berge, Land am Strome''''' i ma sada logu habangsaon ni [[Austria]]. [[Ugasan:Land der Berge, Land am Strome.jpg|thumb|Lirik Logu Habangsoan Austria]] == Lirik == {| class="wikitable" !Hata Jerman !Hata Batak Toba |- |''Land der Berge, Land am Strome,''<br>''Land der Äcker, Land der Dome,''<br>''Land der Hämmer zukunftsreich!''<br>''Heimat großer Töchter und Söhne,''<br>''Volk begnadet für das Schöne,''<br>''Vielgerühmtes Österreich,''<br>''Vielgerühmtes Österreich!'' |''Tano ni Pardolokan, Tano ni Aek''<br>''Tano ni Lomak, Tano ni Gareja''<br>''Tano ni Tongkok dohot tingki jolo na uarar!''<br>''Jabu dolidoli, dohot parompuan na bongak,''<br>''Sabiji bangso na di basabasahon dohot habagakonna,''<br>''Tarpujima Austria,''<br>''Tarpujima Austria!'' |} == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu habangsoan]] re3fav7zf7jh14z368bkq4w6mg03cqk 0 678 18444 13529 2026-08-22T16:45:43Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18444 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Waves lajolla.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|[[Umbak]] ni laut di Teluk Santa Catalina, [[Amerika Serikat]].]] [[Ugasan:Singapore from above.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.35|Laut gabe ponting di parindustrian ni nagara [[Singapura]].]] '''Laut''' ima sada [[aek]] na [[asin]] hilalana, na mangalilingi hampir saluhut na [[portibi]] on.<ref name=NGSencycl>{{cite web |author =National Geographic| date=2011-09-27| title=Sea|url= http://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/sea/ | publisher = National Geographic | accessdate=28 Agustus 2020}}</ref><ref name = Karleskint09>{{cite web|author=Karleskint, G. | year = 2009 | title = Introduction to Marine Biology | url = https://books.google.com/?id=0JkKOFIj5pgC&pg=PA47 | page=47|location=Boston|publisher = Cengage Learning | isbn = 9780495561972 | accessdate =28 Agustus 2020}}</ref> On sada arti sanga siantusan na umumna dipangke, tarlobi muse tu parsiajaran ni angka parsingkola, dohot tu Kamus. Boi muse diartihon ''Laut'' i sebagai sistem paraekon na asin.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bishop, T., et al.|url=http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/03mountains/background/challenger/challenger.html |title=Then and Now: The HMS ''Challenger'' Expedition and the 'Mountains in the Sea' Expedition|website=Ocean Explorer|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=2018-09-04}}</ref> Laut pada umumna dibagihon gabe lima goar [[Samudra]] na diakui [[Organisasi Hidrograpi Internasional]]<ref name="ihorg">{{cite web|author=Organisasi Hidrografi Internasional|url=http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas (Special Publication №28) |edition=ke-3 |year=1953|accessdate=28 Agustus 2020}}</ref> ([[Samudra Atlantik]], [[Samudra Pasipik]], [[Samudra Hindia]], [[Samudra Arktik]]) dohot [[Samudra Selatan]].<ref name="oed">''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', 1st ed. "sea, ''n.''" Oxford University Press 1911.</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Aek]] 0hal1mpuzr8mga1b4gb6votz76j9yi2 0 681 18147 13288 2026-08-22T13:29:02Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Hanzi.svg|250px|thumb|Leter Cina]] '''Leter Sina''' ([[Hata Sina]]: 漢字/汉字) ima [[logogram]] na dipatupa laho manggurithon [[Bahasa Cina]]. Dung i di pangke ma muse manggurithon [[Bahasa Jepang]] na digoari [[Kanji]](かんじ,漢字). Leter Cina di [[Korea]] na digoari Hanja (한자, 漢字), godang dipangke di angka parsingkola di Korea, i ma na mangguruhon pustaha, turi-turian, bahasa dohot hatoranganna. [[Pietnam]] hea do mamangke Chu Han (''Chữ Han'', 𡨸漢) dohot patupahon Chu Nom(Chữ Nôm, 𡨸喃) na laho manggurithon [[bahasa Vietnam]] andorang so mamangke surat Romawi. Leter Cina ima pangguriton na tumua di pangke di saluhut portibi on. Mangihuthontu pamangkena naung sar tu Asia dingkan purba ro di dingkat anggoni, jala sarita pamangkena disaluhut Sinosfer. Leter Cina gabe sada sistim pangguriton na gumodang dijakhon di sandok portibi on mangihuthon tu godang ni pamangkena. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Alpabet-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Alpabet]] 8kehav6a56d5fft18u9l4dawbhuili1 0 682 18440 8332 2026-08-22T16:44:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18440 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Libanon'''<br />'''''الجمهوريّة اللبنانيّة'''''</big></big> | colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_Lebanon.svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan :<br />[[An-Našīd al-Waṭaniyy al-Lubnāniyy|النشيد الوطني اللبناني]]<br />(Hata Batak Toba : Saluhutna hita, di Nagaranta!) |- | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Lebanese_national_anthem.ogg]] |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" |[[Ugasan:Lebanon_(orthographic_projection).svg|300x300px]] |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Libanon |} '''Libanon''' ([[Hata Arab]]: '''لبنان''') i ma sala sada nagara na tarampe di [[Purba Tonga]] (hata Indonesia: ''Timur Tengah'')<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Lebanon "Lebanon | People, Language, Religion, & History"]</ref>, na marbatas dohot [[Siria]] di utara, dohot purba, dohot [[Israel]] di dangsina, mandera Libanon manampilihon [[Hau Aras]] maruarna ijo, dohot bontar di pudi-na dohot 2 gurat rara di ginjang dohot toru. Alani hamarmansamonna Libanon mampunai sistim pamarentaon hoding na sektarian.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110509171934/http://www.countriesquest.com/middle_east/lebanon/government.htm Countries Quest. "Lebanon, Government"]</ref> == Sarita == == Geograpi == Libanon i ma sala sada nagara na tarampe di Purba Tonga, na marbatas dohot Laut Mediterania. == Etimologi == Goar "Lebanon" i ma goar sian Hata Semitik "LBN" == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} 498irk1qxzms6ovpnw2duzfkw8afvjf 0 684 18439 12419 2026-08-22T16:44:19Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18439 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Monitor lizard in Kalahari.JPG|thumb|right|Gombar ni Lobar, di Aprika Dangsina]] '''Lobar''' (hata [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''biawak''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''monitor lizard'') ima ragam ni binatang [[ilik]] (''kadal'') ungkuranna dang pola balga namangolu di luat na mariklim milas dohot tropis songon [[Aprika]], [[Asia]], dohot [[Australia]].<ref>LIPI ''et. al.'' 2010</ref><ref>Ed Yong. [https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/04/the-past-and-future-of-floridas-dragon-problem/478905/ "Florida’s Dragon Problem"], ''The Atlantic'', 10 Juni 2021</ref> Lobar na somal adong di angka huta-huta manang di kota-kota di Indonesia, masuk mai tu ragam ni [[lobar aek]] (''biawak air'') sian jenis ''Varanus salvator''. Ganjang na (mulai sian igungna sahat tu ujung ni ihurna) 1 meter, adong museng na boi sahat 2,5 meter alai sada-sada.<ref>Pianka, Eric R., King, Dennis. R, King, Ruth Allen. (2004) ''Varanoid Lizards of the World'', Indiana University Press - Bloomington, Indiana, 10 Juni 2021</ref> Sada ragam ni lobar umbalgaan na tarbarita, ima [[komodo]] (''Varanus komodoensis''), alana ganjangna boi sahat tu 3 meter. Lobar (''biawak'') on, boi mamburu angka pinahan na asing ungkuran sedang, songon [[ursa]] (''rusa''), [[Babi|babi harangan]] (''babi hutan''), sipata anak ni [[horbo]] (''kerbau''). Songon Komodo, sipata olo mangalo manisia, tung pe sasahali. Lobar bahat mangolu di Indonesia, molo komodo somalna mangolu di Nusa Tenggara, songon di pulo [[Po Komodo|Komodo]], pulo [[Pulo Rinca|Rinca]], pulo [[Pulo Padar|Padar]], dohot di pantai pastima,[[Pulo Plores|Plores]].<ref name=EoR>Cogger, H.G. Zweifel, R.G. Bauer, Aaron M. (1998) ''Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians'', Academic Press - San Diego, alaman 157–159, ISBN: 0-12-178560-2, 10 Juni 2021</ref> == Ragam ni Lobar == Angka ragam ni lobar (''biawak'') na disurat di situs Reptile Database ([[2018]]) . {| class="wikitable" |- ! Goar na !! Goar na |- | * ''[[Varanus acanthurus]]'' BOULENGER, 1885 * ''[[Varanus albigularis]]'' DAUDIN, 1802 * ''[[Varanus auffenbergi]]'' SPRACKLAND, 1999 * ''[[Varanus bangonorum]]'' WELTON, TRAVERS, SILER & BROWN, 2014 * ''[[Varanus baritji]]'' KING & HORNER, 1987 * ''[[Varanus beccarii]]'' (DORIA, 1874) * ''[[Varanus bengalensis]]'' (DAUDIN, 1802) * ''[[Varanus bitatawa]]'' WELTON, SILER, BENNETT, DIESMOS, RUYA, DUGAY, RICO, VAN WEERD & BROWN, 2010 * ''[[Varanus boehmei]]'' JACOBS, 2003 * ''[[Varanus bogerti]]'' MERTENS, 1950 * ''[[Varanus brevicauda]]'' BOULENGER, 1898 * ''[[Varanus bushi]]'' APLIN, FITCH & KING, 2006 * ''[[Varanus caerulivirens]]'' ZIEGLER, BÖHME & PHILIPP, 1999 * ''[[Varanus caudolineatus]]'' BOULENGER, 1885 * ''[[Varanus cerambonensis]]'' PHILIPP, BÖHME & ZIEGLER, 1999 * ''[[Varanus cumingi]]'' MARTIN, 1839 * ''[[Varanus dalubhasa]]'' WELTON, TRAVERS, SILER & BROWN, 2014 * ''[[Varanus doreanus]]'' (MEYER, 1874) * ''[[Varanus douarrha]]'' (LESSON, 1830) * ''[[Varanus dumerilii]]'' SCHLEGEL, 1839 * ''[[Varanus eremius]]'' LUCAS & FROST, 1895 * ''[[Varanus exanthematicus]]'' (BOSC, 1792) * ''[[Varanus finschi]]'' BÖHME, HORN & ZIEGLER, 1994 * ''[[Varanus flavescens]]'' (HARDWICKE & GRAY, 1827) * ''[[Varanus giganteus]]'' (GRAY, 1845) * ''[[Varanus gilleni]]'' LUCAS & FROST, 1895 * ''[[Varanus glauerti]]'' MERTENS, 1957 * ''[[Varanus glebopalma]]'' MITCHELL, 1955 * ''[[Varanus gouldii]]'' GRAY, 1838 * ''[[Varanus griseus]]'' (DAUDIN, 1803) * ''[[Varanus hamersleyensis]]'' MARYAN, OLIVER, FITCH & O’CONNELL, 2014 * ''[[Varanus indicus]]'' (DAUDIN, 1802) * ''[[Varanus jobiensis]]'' AHL, 1932 * ''[[Varanus juxtindicus]]'' BÖHME, PHILIPP & ZIEGLER, 2002 * ''[[Varanus keithhornei]]'' WELLS & WELLINGTON, 1985 * ''[[Varanus kingorum]]'' STORR, 1980 * ''[[Komodo|Varanus komodoensis]]'' OUWENS, 1912 * ''[[Varanus kordensis]]'' (MEYER, 1874) * ''[[Varanus lirungensis]]'' KOCH, ARIDA, SCHMITZ, BÖHME & ZIEGLER, 2009 * ''[[Varanus mabitang]]'' GAULKE & CURIO, 2001 * ''[[Varanus macraei]]'' BÖHME & JACOBS, 2001 * ''[[Varanus marmoratus]]'' (WIEGMANN, 1834) * ''[[Varanus melinus]]'' BÖHME & ZIEGLER, 1997 || * ''[[Varanus mertensi]]'' GLAUERT, 1951 * ''[[Varanus mitchelli]]'' MERTENS, 1958 * ''[[Varanus nebulosus]]'' (GRAY, 1831) * ''[[Varanus nesterovi]]'' BÖHME, EHRLICH, MILTO, ORLOV & SCHOLZ, 2015 * ''[[Varanus niloticus]]'' (LINNAEUS, 1766) * ''[[Varanus nuchalis]]'' (GÜNTHER, 1872) * ''[[Varanus obor]]'' WEIJOLA & SWEET, 2010 * ''[[Varanus olivaceus]]'' HALLOWELL, 1857 * ''[[Varanus palawanensis]]'' KOCH, GAULKE & BÖHME, 2010 * ''[[Varanus panoptes]]'' STORR, 1980 * ''[[Varanus pilbarensis]]'' STORR, 1980 * ''[[Varanus prasinus]]'' (SCHLEGEL, 1839) * ''[[Varanus primordius]]'' MERTENS, 1942 * ''[[Varanus rainerguentheri]]'' ZIEGLER, BÖHME & SCHMITZ, 2007 * ''[[Varanus rasmusseni]]'' KOCH, GAULKE & BÖHME, 2010 * ''[[Varanus reisingeri]]'' EIDENMÜLLER & WICKER, 2005 * ''[[Varanus rosenbergi]]'' MERTENS, 1957 * ''[[Varanus rudicollis]]'' (GRAY, 1845) * ''[[Varanus salvadorii]]'' (PETERS & DORIA, 1878) * ''[[Varanus salvator]]'' (LAURENTI, 1768) * ''[[Varanus samarensis]]'' KOCH, GAULKE & BÖHME, 2010 * ''[[Varanus scalaris]]'' MERTENS, 1941 * ''[[Varanus semiremex]]'' PETERS, 1869 * ''[[Varanus semotus]]'' WEIJOLA, DONNELLAN & LINDQVIST, 2016 * ''[[Varanus similis]]'' MERTENS, 1958 * ''[[Varanus sparnus]]'' DOUGHTY, KEALLEY, FITCH & DONNELLAN, 2014 * ''[[Varanus spenceri]]'' LUCAS & FROST, 1903 * ''[[Varanus spinulosus]]'' MERTENS, 1941 * ''[[Varanus storri]]'' MERTENS, 1966 * ''[[Varanus telenesetes]]'' SPRACKLAND, 1991 * ''[[Varanus timorensis]]'' (GRAY, 1831) * ''[[Varanus togianus]]'' (PETERS, 1872) * ''[[Varanus tristis]]'' SCHLEGEL, 1839 * ''[[Varanus varius]]'' (WHITE, 1790) * ''[[Varanus yemenensis]]'' BÖHME, JOGER & SCHÄTTI, 1989 * ''[[Varanus yuwonoi]]'' HARVEY & BARKER, 1998 * ''[[Varanus zugorum]]'' BÖHME & ZIEGLER, 2005 |- |} == Pustaha == [[Horong:Binatang]] <references />{{Authority control}} 158p3kqsbd66x9mydkydnouwk2v1m64 0 691 18502 15792 2026-08-22T17:16:23Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18502 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Ingwer Ludwig Nommensen (1834–1918).png|upright|thumb|kanan|<center>Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen</center>]] '''Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen''' manang '''Nommensen''' (molo di halak [[Batak Toba]] ditanda '''Ingwer Ludwig Nommensen''' manang '''I.L. Nommensen'''), tubu di [[Nordstrand]], [[Denmark]] (saonari naung masuk tu nagara [[Jerman]]) 6 Pebruari 1834, monding tanggal 23 Mei 1918 di [[Sigumpar, Toba]]) ima sada parbarita dohot pandita namangajari halak Batak Toba ugamo [[Kristen Protestan]] di [[Sumatera Utara]].<ref name="Willem"/> Nommensen ma goar na lumobi ditanda halak Batak, ro na sian [[Jerman]], alai lobi ditanda di [[Indonesia]].<ref name="Willem">F.D. Willem. 1987. Riwayat Hidup Singkat Tokoh-Tokoh Dalam Sejarah Gereja. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. alaman 198-199, 7 September 2021</ref> Nasida ma namambaritahon hata nadenggan tu halak Batak Toba, jala sian ima tubu sada Huria Protestan, sada punguan halak Kristen naumbalga di Indonesia, [[Huria Kristen Batak Protestan]] (HKBP).<ref name="Willem"/> == Jujur Ngolu == === Tingki Dakdanak === Nommensen tubu di pulo Noordstrand bagian ni [[Schleswig]], ditingki i pulo on masuk tu luat ni nagara [[Denmark]], sonari naung masuk tu nagara Jerman.<ref name="Willem"/> Boi didok molo tondong ni Nommensen dang halak namora, alani i parngoluan ni nasida bahat dipardangolan alani hapogosan ni natua-tuana.<ref name="Willem"/><ref name="Steenbrink">Jan Sihar Aritonang, Karel Steenbrink. 2008. ''A History of Christianity in Indonesia''. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. alaman 535. 7 September 2021</ref><ref name="Nommensen"/> Dung i muse gabe sada dalan, si Nommensen dohot mangurupi natua-tuana mangalului hepeng.<ref name="Willem"/><ref name="Steenbrink"/> Diumur na 7 taon, dohot ma Nommensen gabe parmahan angsa.<ref name="Kozok">Uli Kozok. 2010. Utusan Damai di Kemelut Perang: Perang Zending dalam Perang Toba. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. alaman 35, 38, 92, 123. 7 September 2021</ref> Dung i, diumurna 8 taon, gabe parmahan birubiru ma nasida.<ref name="Willem"/><ref name="Kozok"/> Umur 9 taon, marsiajar ma nasida paturehon tarup ni jabu.<ref name="Willem"/><ref name="Kozok"/> Dung marumur 10 taon, karejoma nasida gabe parhauma, sambing marsiajar mangula tano.<ref name="Nommensen">J.T. Nommensen. 1974. Ompu i Dr. Ingwer Ludwig Nommensen. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. alaman 9. 7 September 2021</ref> Angkup ni i, naside muse karejo manarik [[hoda]], mambajak saba, ampuna ni angka parhauma di huta ni si Nommensen.<ref name="Nommensen"/> Marumur ma nasida 12 taon, tingki ditaon [[1846]], roma parmaraan tu nasida.<ref name="Willem"/><ref name="Nommensen"/> Tingki marmeam marsikojaran dohot dongan-donganna, ro ma kareta hoda manombom dohot manggilas pat ni nasida, gabe suak ma pat nai. Alani parmaraan i, tarbaring ma nasida di podoman, marbulan-bulan lelengna.<ref name="Willem"/> Tingki diparsahitan i, martangiang ma ibana tu Tuhan, dipangido si Nommensen parmaluman, jala marpadanma ibana, molo malum sian parsahitan, borhat ma ia mambaritahon [[Barita na uli]] tu angka jolma nasoporsea tu Kristen.<ref name="Willem"/> Malum ma sahit ni ibana, alai monding ma amongna, gabe parhauma muse nasida mangurupi tondongna sajabu mangalului hepeng.<ref>Schreiner, Lothar "Nommensen in Selbstzeugnissen: unveröffentlichte Aufsätze, Entwürfe, und Dokumente eingeleitet, erklärt, und herausgegeben von Lothar Schreiner". Verlag an der Lottbek in Ammersbek. 1996. ISBN 3-86130-041-9, 7 September 2021</ref> === Singkola Pandita === [[Ugasan:HKBP Dame Saitnihuta, Res. Dame Saitnihuta (Patung Nommensen) 12.jpg|thumb|upright|Patung Nommensen di [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]], Tapanuli Utara, [[Sumatera Utara|Sumatra Utara]]]] Dung marumur 20 taon, masuk ma si Nommensen tu singkola pandita di [[Barmen]] (sonari margoar [[Wuppertal]]).<ref name="Willem"/><ref name="van den End">Th. van den End. 1993. Ragi Carita 2. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hlm. 175, 177 7 September 2021</ref> Singkola ma nasida di zending Lutheran [[Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft]] (RMG), opat taonma lelengna sahat tu tammat parsingkolaan na.<ref name="Willem"/><ref name="van den End"/> Dung i, ditabalhon ma nasida gabe pandita taon [[1861]].<ref name="Willem"/> Mandapot turgas ma ibana sian RMG asa lao tu Sumatera gabe parbarita na uli, sahat ma nasida di Sumatera tanggal 14 [[Mei]] [[1862]], topetna di [[Kota Padang]], [[Sumatera Pastima]].<ref name="Willem"/> Dung i, borhat ma nasida parjolo tu [[Barus, Tapanuli Tonga|Barus]] mangido ijin tu [[Bolanda]] tingki naung adong di Indonesia, asa dipaloas nasida lao tu [[Toba]].<ref name="van den End" /> Hapeng pamarenta kolonial tingki i dang paloas ibana lao, alasanna dang denggan suasana molo lao ibana tu Toba.<ref name="Aritonang">Jan S. Aritonang. 1988. Sejarah Pendidikan Kristen Di Tanah Batak. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia. Hlm. 148,149,150, 157.</ref>Alani dang dipaloas lao tu Toba, mardomu ma nasida dohot angka pandita naasing, ima parbarita na uli Pdt. Heyni dohot Pdt. Klammer, tingki i nunga marhalado di luat [[Sipirok, Tapanuli Dangsina|Sipirok]].<ref name="Aritonang"/> Dung i, mardos ni roha ma nasida dohot halaki asa dibagi halaki luat nanaeng dihaladoi, dipangido si Nommensen ma asa boi nasida lao tu [[Silindung]]. === Hamateon === Nommensen monding tanggal [[23 Mei]] [[1918]], diumur 84 taon.<ref name="Willem"/> Nommensen dikuburhon di [[Sigumpar, Toba|Sigumpar]], kabupaten Toba, di tonga-tonga ni halak Batak. 57 taon ma lelengna nasida mambaritahon barita na uli tu halak Batak di tano Batak.<ref name="Willem"/> == Bibliograpi == * [[1877]], ''The Gospel according to Saint John: Translated out of the Original Greek into Batta (Toba), the Language of the Batta in the Island of Sumatra.'' Elberfeld: Friderichs & Comp. * [[1877]], ''Tobasch Spelboekje'', [[Batavia]]: 's Landsdrukkerij. * [[1878]], ''The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ: Translated out of the original Greek into Batta (Toba), the language of the Batta in the island of Sumatra.'' Elberfeld: R. L. Friderichs & Comp, * [[1885]], ''Tobasch Spelboekje'', Elberfeld: R.L. Friderichs & Comp. * [[1886]], ''Djamita sian Hata ni Debata na di Padan na Robi'', Elberfeld: R.L. Friderichs & Comp. * [[1908]], ''Jamita sian hata ni Debata na di padan na robi'', Elberfeld: R.L. Friderichs & Comp. == Pustaha == [[Horong:Kristen]] [[Horong:Pandita]] [[Horong:Pandita Indonesia]] [[Horong:Parbarita na uli]] <references />{{Authority control}} 2eo4uqddkiuh7m0cqmg7vmwr8cq5ktp 0 697 18322 13086 2026-08-22T15:36:59Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Ma'ruf Amin 2019 official portrait.jpg|thumb|Gambar ni Ma'ruf Amin, di taon 2019]] [[Profesor|Prof.]] [[Doktor|Dr.]] ([[Honoris Causa|H.C.]]) [[Ulama|K.]] [[Haji (gelar)|H.]] '''Ma'ruf Amin''' (tubu di [[Kresek, Tangerang]], tanggal 11 Maret 1943) i ma sada politisi, ulama dohot dosen di [[Indonesia]] sonnari manjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden Indonesia. Andorang ni, hea do Ma'ruf manjabat gabe anggota [[Dewan Pertimbangan Presiden]] di masa pamarentaon ni Presiden [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191022083537/https://news.detik.com/berita/4156562/jokowi-inisial-cawapres-saya-depannya-pakai-m "Jokowi: Inisial Cawapres Saya Depannya Pakai 'M' ", Detik, 29 April 2020]</ref> Ditanggal 9 Agustus 2018, ditingtinghon ma Ma'ruf gabe calon wakil presiden di [[Pemilihan Umum Presiden Indonesia 2019]] ni presiden namanjabat tu periode paduahon, [[Joko Widodo]], na naeng maju sahali nai [[presiden Indonesia]].<ref>[https://www.liputan6.com/pilpres/read/3614661/sah-jokowi-gandeng-maruf-amin-untuk-cawapres-2019 "Sah, Jokowi Gandeng Ma'ruf Amin untuk Cawapres 2019", Liputan 6, 29 April 2020]</ref> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Wakil Presiden]] [[Horong:Wakil Presiden ni Indonesia]] <references />{{Authority control}} sfbvyabf0t3k4c0lc8l2usf4vi1wt37 0 698 18150 12065 2026-08-22T13:29:46Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18150 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Madagaskar'''<br>''Repoblikan'i Madagasikara'' ([[Hata Malagasi]])<br>''République de Madagascar'' ([[Hata Perancis]])</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Madagascar.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Seal of Madagascar.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>''[[Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!]]''<br>"Oh, Tano Haholongan ni Ompungta!" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô! (instrumental).ogg]] |} |- |align="center" colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Madagascar (centered orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Inganan ni Madagaskar (ijo matua) |} '''Madagaskar''' ([[Hata Malagasi]] : ''Madagasikara''), goar resmina i ma '''Republik Madagaskar''' (Hata Malagasi : ''Repoblikan'i Madagasikara''; [[Hata Perancis]] : ''République de Madagascar''), jumolo goarna [[Republik Malagasi]], i ma sada [[nagara pulo]] na maringanan di [[Samudora Hindia]], hirahira 400 kilometer sian pante ni [[Aprika Habinsaran]]. Huhut 587.041 km² do bidang ni luatna, Madagaskar gabe nagara pulo paduahon na umbidang di portibi on, nunga [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207094959/http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html|title=Which Are The Island Countries Of The World?|website=World Atlas|language=en|access-date=14 Agustus 2021}}</ref> Tardiri sian [[Pulo Madagaskar]] (pulo paopathon na umbalga di portibi on) dohot pigapiga pulo na gelleng di humaliangna do nagara Madagaskar i.<br> Huta sabungan ni Madagaskar maringanan di [[Antananarivo]]. ==Luat administratip== Luat ni Madagaskar tarbagi di bagasan 23 region (''faritra''). {| class="wikitable" |- !scope="row" colspan="6" text-align="center;"|[[Ugasan:Regions of Madagascar.svg|300px]] |- ! Nomor <br>di peta !! Region <br>na imbaru !! Huta <br>sabungan !! Mantan <br>propinsi !! Bidang ni luat<br>(km²) !! Bilangan ni jolma<br>(Sensus 2018<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instat.mg/madagascar-en-chiffres|title=Madagascar en chiffres|website=Badan Nasional Statistik Madagaskar (''Institut National de la Statistique de Madagascar'')|access-date=23 Agustus 2021}}</ref> |- | align="right"|1||[[Region Diana|Diana]]||[[Antsiranana]]||[[Propinsi Antsiranana|Antsiranana]]||align="right"|19.266||align="right"|889.962 |- | align="right"|2||[[Region Sava|Sava]]||[[Sambava]]||[[Propinsi Antsiranana|Antsiranana]]||align="right"|25.518||align="right"|1.123.772 |- | align="right"|3||[[Region Itasy|Itasy]]||[[Miarinarivo]]||[[Propinsi Antananarivo|Antananarivo]]||align="right"|6.993||align="right"|898.549 |- | align="right"|4||[[Region Analamanga|Analamanga]]||[[Antananarivo]]||[[Propinsi Antananarivo|Antananarivo]]||align="right"|16.911||align="right"|3.623.925 |- | align="right"|5||[[Region Vakinankaratra|Vakinankaratra]]||[[Antsirabe]]||[[Propinsi Antananarivo|Antananarivo]]||align="right"|16.599||align="right"|2.079.659 |- | align="right"|6||[[Region Bongolava|Bongolava]]||[[Tsiroanomandidy]]||[[Propinsi Antananarivo|Antananarivo]]||align="right"|16.688||align="right"|670.993 |- | align="right"|7||[[Region Sofia|Sofia]]||[[Antsohihy]]||[[Propinsi Mahajanga|Mahajanga]]||align="right"|50.100||align="right"|1.507.591 |- | align="right"|8||[[Region Boeny|Boeny]]||[[Mahajanga]]||[[Propinsi Mahajanga|Mahajanga]]||align="right"|31.046||align="right"|929.312 |- | align="right"|9||[[Region Betsiboka|Betsiboka]]||[[Maevatanana]]||[[Propinsi Mahajanga|Mahajanga]]||align="right"|30.025||align="right"|393.278 |- | align="right"|10||[[Region Melaky|Melaky]]||[[Maintirano]]||[[Propinsi Mahajanga|Mahajanga]]||align="right"|38.852||align="right"|308.944 |- | align="right"|11||[[Region Alaotra-Mangoro|Alaotra-Mangoro]]||[[Ambatondrazaka]]||[[Propinsi Toamasina|Toamasina]]||align="right"|31.948||align="right"|1.249.931 |- | align="right"|12||[[Region Atsinanana|Atsinanana]]||[[Toamasina]]||[[Propinsi Toamasina|Toamasina]]||align="right"|21.934||align="right"|1.478.472 |- | align="right"|13||[[Region Analanjirofo|Analanjirofo]]||[[Fenoarivo Atsinanana]]||[[Propinsi Toamasina|Toamasina]]||align="right"|21.930||align="right"|1.150.089 |- | align="right"|14||[[Region Amoron'i Mania|Amoron'i Mania]]||[[Ambositra]]||[[Propinsi Fianarantsoa|Fianarantsoa]]||align="right"|16.141||align="right"|837.116 |- | align="right"|15||[[Region Matsiatra Ambony|Matsiatra Ambony]]||[[Fianarantsoa]]||[[Propinsi Fianarantsoa|Fianarantsoa]]||align="right"|21.080||align="right"|1.444.587 |- | align="right"|16a||[[Region Fitovinany|Vatovavy-Fitovinany]]||[[Manakara]]||[[Propinsi Fianarantsoa|Fianarantsoa]]||align="right"|19.605||align="right"|1.440.657 |- | align="right"|16b||[[Region Vatovavy|Vatovavy]]||[[Mananjary]]||[[Propinsi Fianarantsoa|Fianarantsoa]]|| || |- | align="right"|17||[[Region Atsimo-Atsinanana|Atsimo-Atsinanana]]||[[Farafangana]]||[[Propinsi Fianarantsoa|Fianarantsoa]]||align="right"|18.863||align="right"|1.030.404 |- | align="right"|18||[[Region Ihorombe|Ihorombe]]||[[Ihosy]]||[[Propinsi Fianarantsoa|Fianarantsoa]]||align="right"|26.391||align="right"|418.520 |- | align="right"|19||[[Region Menabe|Menabe]]||[[Morondava]]||[[Propinsi Toliara|Toliara]]||align="right"|46.121||align="right"|692.463 |- | align="right"|20||[[Region Atsimo-Andrefana|Atsimo-Andrefana]]||[[Toliara]]||[[Propinsi Toliara|Toliara]]||align="right"|66.236||align="right"|1.797.894 |- | align="right"|21||[[Region Androy|Androy]]||[[Ambovombe-Androy]]||[[Propinsi Toliara|Toliara]]||align="right"|19.317||align="right"|900.235 |- | align="right"|22||[[Region Anosy|Anosy]]||[[Tôlanaro]]||[[Propinsi Toliara|Toliara]]||align="right"|25.731||align="right"|809.051 |- |} ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Afrika-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Aprika]] s6jrructgjnv21jdwg61q9qzh4h259y 0 700 18433 5640 2026-08-22T16:43:13Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18433 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Majulah Singapura'''<br>'''ماجوله سيڠاڤورا'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Majulah Singapura.ogg|140px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Musik ni ''Majulah Singapura'' |- |} '''Majulah Singapura''' ([[Surat Jawi]] : ماجوله سيڠاڤورا) i ma sada [[logu habangsoan]] ni [[Singapura]] na tinompaon [[Zubir Said]]. Lirik loguna ginuriton di [[hata Malayu]]. == Lirik == Lirik ni logu na ginuriton di hata Malayu, [[hata Mandarin]], dohot [[hata Inggeris]]. 1) Hata Malayu '''Majulah Singapura''' ''Mari kita rakyat Singapura''<br>''Sama-sama menuju bahagia''<br>''Cita-cita kita yang mulia'' ''Berjaya Singapura''<br>''Marilah kita bersatu''<br>''Dengan semangat yang baru'' ''Semua kita berseru''<br>''Majulah Singapura''<br>''Majulah Singapura''<br> 2) Hata Tiongkok '''前进吧，新加坡！''' 来吧，新加坡人民，<br>让我们共同向幸福迈进；<br>我们崇高的理想， 要使新加坡成功。<br>来吧，让我们以新的精神，<br>团结在一起； 我们齐声欢呼：<br>前进吧，新加坡！<br>前进吧，新加坡！<br> 3) Hata Inggeris '''''Onward Singapore''''' ''Come, fellow Singaporeans<br>Let us progress towards happiness together<br>May our noble aspiration bring'' ''Singapore success<br>Come, let us unite<br>In a new spirit'' ''Let our voices soar as one<br>Onward Singapore<br>Onward Singapore'' == Pangenetan == * [https://www.nhb.gov.sg/what-we-do/our-work/community-engagement/education/resources/national-symbols/national-anthem National Heritage Board, "National Anthem" (di hata Inggeris)] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Singapura]] [[Horong:Logu habangsoan]] b6qanbk3c3zvnpcyw9rcehu69f8j5mg 0 701 18153 17939 2026-08-22T13:30:01Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Malaisia<br>(''Malaysia'' | common_name = Malaysia | image_flag = Flag of Malaysia.svg | alt_flag = Sebuah persegi panjang biru dengan bintang emas dan bulan sabit di kanton, dengan 14 garis horizontal merah dan putih di sisa bendera | image_coat = Jata MalaysiaV2.svg | coa_size = 90 | symbol_type = Lambang nagara | alt_coat = Perisai yang menunjukkan simbol-simbol negara bagian Malaysia dengan bintang dan bulan sabit di atasnya serta moto di bawahnya, ditopang oleh dua ekor harimau | image_map = {{Switcher|[[Ugasan:Malaysia (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Tampilkan bola dunia|[[Ugasan:Location Malaysia ASEAN.svg|frameless]]|Tampilkan ASEAN|default=1}} | map_width = 250px | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color= green |region= [[Asia Tenggara]] |region_color= none}} | national_motto = {{lang|ms|Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mygov.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/MsianFlagAndCrest/Pages/MsianFlagAndCrest.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022191931/http://mygov.malaysia.gov.my/EN/Main/MsianGov/MsianFlagAndCrest/Pages/MsianFlagAndCrest.aspx |archive-date=22 October 2013 |title=Malaysian Flag and Coat of Arms |publisher=Malaysian Government |access-date=8 Agustus 2026}}</ref><br />{{lang|ms-Arab|برسکوتو برtemبه موتو}} ([[Abjad Jawi|Jawi]])<br />({{lang|en|"[[Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu|Persatuan adalah Kekuatan]]"}}) | national_anthem = {{lang|ms|[[Negaraku]]}}<br />({{lang|en|"Negaraku"}}){{parabr}}{{center|[[Ugasan:Negaraku instrumental.ogg]]}} | capital = [[Kuala Lumpur]] | coordinates = {{coord|3|8|N|101|41|E|region:MY|display=inline}} | admin_center = [[Putrajaya]]{{coord|2|56|N|101|42|E|region:MY|display=inline}} | largest_city = Kuala Lumpur | languages_type = Bahasa nasional (resmi) | languages = Malaisia | languages2_type = Bahasa na dioku | languages2 = [[Inggris]] | ethnic_groups = {{tree list}} * 70.5% Bumiputera ** 57.3% Melayu ** 13.2% pribumi [[Sabah]], [[Sarawak]], dohot na asingna * 22.9% Tionghoa * 6.6% India {{tree list/end}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="2021 pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/01/17/minister-census-shows-malaysias-oldest-man-and-woman-aged-120-and-118-preli/2035636|title=Minister: Census shows Malaysia's oldest man and woman aged 120 and 118; preliminary census findings to be released in Feb 2022|date=17 January 2022|publisher=Malaymail|access-date=8 Agustus 2026|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117074901/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2022/01/17/minister-census-shows-malaysias-oldest-man-and-woman-aged-120-and-118-preli/2035636|url-status=live}}</ref> | religion = {{ubl|63,50% Islam<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.jac.gov.my/images/stories/akta/federalconstitution.pdf|title=The States, Religion and Law of the Federation|work=Constitution of Malaysia|publisher=Judicial Appointments Commission|access-date=8 Agustus 2026|quote=Islam is the religion of the Federation; but other religions may be practised in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614105535/http://www.jac.gov.my/images/stories/akta/federalconstitution.pdf|archive-date=14 June 2017}}</ref>|18,70% Buddha| * 9,1% [[Kristen]] * 6,1% Hindu * 0,9% na asing * 1,8% ndang binoto}} |religion_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=117&bul_id=akliVWdIa2g3Y2VubTVSMkxmYXp1UT09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|title=Distribution and Basic Demographic Characteristic Report 2020|publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia|date=14 February 2020|access-date= 8 Agustus 2026|archive-date=22 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822014403/https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=117&bul_id=akliVWdIa2g3Y2VubTVSMkxmYXp1UT09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=139c World Religion Database at the ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-08]</ref> | religion_year = 2020 | demonym = [[Orang Malaysia|Malaysia]] | government_type = [[Monarki federal|Monarki konstitusional]] parlementer federal elektip | leader_title1 = [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong|Monarki]] | leader_name1 = [[Sultan Ibrahim ibni Almarhum Sultan Iskandar|Ibrahim Iskandar]] | leader_title2 = [[Perdana Menteri Malaisia|Perdana Menteri]] | leader_name2 = [[Anwar Ibrahim]] | legislature = [[Parlemen Malaysia|Parlemen]] | upper_house = [[Dewan Negara]] | lower_house = [[Dewan Rakyat]] | sovereignty_type = Mardeka | sovereignty_note = sian [[Britania Godang]] | established_event1 = [[Federasi Malaya]] | established_date1 = 31 Agustus 1957<ref>{{cite book|author=Mackay, Derek|title=Eastern Customs: The Customs Service in British Malaya and the Opium Trade|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QM5LImNbYusC&pg=PA240|date=2005|publisher=The Radcliffe Press|isbn=978-1-85043-844-1|pages=240–|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=8 Agustus 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119151920/https://books.google.com/books?id=QM5LImNbYusC&pg=PA240|url-status=live}}</ref> | established_event2 = [[Hari Pemerintahan Sendiri Sarawak|Pemerintahan sendiri Sarawak]] | established_date2 = 22 Juli 1963 | established_event3 = [[Ari Kemerdekaan Sabah|Pamerinta Berneo Utara]] | established_date3 = 31 Agustus 1963<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.astroawani.com/perspektif/kenapa-kita-takut-dengan-sejarah-22258|title=31 Ogos 1963, Hari kemerdekaan Sabah yang rasmi|publisher=AWANI|date=14 May 2021|access-date=8 Agustus 2026|archive-date=1 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210901062457/https://www.astroawani.com/perspektif/kenapa-kita-takut-dengan-sejarah-22258|url-status=live}}</ref> | established_event4 = [[Ari Malaisia|Proklamasi Malaisia]] | established_date4 = 16 September 1963 | area_rank = ke-67 <!-- Peringkat luas wilayah harus sesuai dengan [[Daftar negara dan wilayah ketergantungan menurut luas wilayah]] --> | area_km2 = 330.803<ref name="2010 stats"/> | area_sq_mi = 127,720 | percent_water = 0,3 | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 34.564.810<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Malaysia|access-date=24 September 2022}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = pa-43 | population_census_year = 2020 | population_census = 32.447.385<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cloud.stats.gov.my/index.php/s/ppMYkLC4kyUzHKn#pdfviewer |title=Population and Housing Census of Malaysia 2020 |publisher=Department of Statistics, Malaysia |page=48 |access-date=8 Agustus 2026|archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228142122/https://cloud.stats.gov.my/index.php/s/ppMYkLC4kyUzHKn#pdfviewer }}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 101 | population_density_sq_mi = 263 | population_density_rank = pa-116 | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $1,609 triliun<ref name="IMFWEO.MY">{{cite web |url=https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0) |title=World Economic Outlook Database (April 2026 Edition) |publisher=[[Dana Moneter Internasional]] |website=www.imf.org |date=14 April 2026 |access-date=8 Agustus 2026}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = pa-28 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $46.986<ref name="IMFWEO.MY" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = pa-52 | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $516,428 miliar<ref name="IMFWEO.MY" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = pa-34 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $15.085<ref name="IMFWEO.MY" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = pa-76 | Gini_year = 2024 | Gini_change = decrease | Gini = 39.0 | Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web |url=https://open.dosm.gov.my/publications/income_inequality_2024 |title=[2024] Income Inequality |access-date=8 Agustus 2026 }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase | HDI = 0.819 | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=8 Agustus 2026|publisher=Program Pembangunan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = pa-67 | currency = [[Ringgit Malaysia]] (RM) | currency_code = MYR | date_format = hh-bb-tttt | time_zone = [[Waktu Standar Malaysia|MST]] | utc_offset = [[UTC+08:00|+8]] | calling_code = [[+60]] | cctld = [[.my]] | footnotes = }} '''Malaisia''' manang '''Malaysia''' ([[Surat Arab Malayu|Arab Malayu]] : مليسيا) manang '''Parsahutaon Malaisia''' ([[Surat Arab Malayu|Arab Malayu]] : ڤرسكوتوان مليسيا ; [[Surat Latin]] : ''Persekutuan Malaysia'') i ma sada nagara di [[Asia Anggoni]]. Adong sampulu tolu nagara bagian di Malaysia na maringanan di [[Semenanjung Malaya]] dohot [[Kalimantan Utara]]. Huta sabungan ni Malaysia maringanan di [[Kuala Lumpur]] jala pusok pamarentahonna maringanan di [[Putrajaya]]. == Panggoaranna == Hata "Malaysia" diadopsi hira taon 1963 tingki [[Pederasi Malaya]] manamba Singapura, Sarawak dohot Sabah mardomu gabe sada bangso na gabe dibahen goarna Malaysia.<ref name="LOC p22">Paragraf 22. Singapura. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140704220519/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm Jalan menuju kemerdekaan]. Divisi Penelitian Federal, Perpustakaan Kongres. Seri Buku Pegangan Wilayah/Pengkajian Negara. Departemen Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat. Diakses pada 8 Agustus 2026.</ref> Alai ditaon 1914, goar on gabe malongangkon halak alana adong tingki i goar on di Indonesia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090512183143/http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work The New Student's Reference Work]. 1914.</ref> Dung i, sada politikus sian Pilipina pe hea mangido asa goarni Pilipina tingki i dipangke Malaysia, alani dung dipake Malaysia, gabe sundat ma i.<ref>Alaman 46–47. Suarez, Thomas. Early Mapping of Southeast Asia.</ref> == Geograpi == Bidang ni Malaisia bahatna 330.803 km2.<ref name="2010 stats">{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 |title=Laporan Kiraan Permulaan 2010 |publisher=Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia |page=27 |access-date=8 Agustus 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101227065717/http://www.statistics.gov.my/ccount12/click.php?id=2127 |archive-date=27 December 2010 }}</ref> Adong du pulo utama na gabe inganan na gondang dipake angka halaki, ima pulo Kalimantan bagian Utara na maringana Sarawak dohot Sabah, dung i muse Semenanjung Malaisia na marbatasan tu Tailan, dison ma huta sabungan ni Malaisia ima [[Kuala Lumpur]] dohot huta sabungan pamarinta [[Puterajaya]] maringanan. Bahat ni ruas Malaisia di semester parjolo taon 2026 bahatna 34,4 juta halak.<ref name="PENDUDUK2026">{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/portal-main/release-content/demographic-statistic-malaysia-q12026|title=Demographic Statistic Malaysia, First Quarter 2026|website=www.dosm.gov.my|accessdate=9 Agustus 2026}}</ref> == Politik == Sistim pamarinta na dipangke dison ima monarki konstitusional. Alani i, kepala negara na dijou 'Raja Malaisia', panjouanna disan didokma "Yang di-Pertuan Agong". Raja naparpudi tarpillit ima, [[Ibrahim Iskandar]], nasida ro sian Sultan Johor, natarpillit tanggal 27 Oktober 2023 nasalpu. Raja Ibrahim manggonti raja Al-Sultan Abdullah, nadipatupa tanggal 31 Januari 2024. Parleleng ni pamaritaon ni Raja, ima lima taon.<ref name="RAJA">{{cite web|url=https://www.tempo.co/internasional/mengenal-yang-dipertuan-agong-baru-malaysia-kritis-punya-300-mobil-dan-kekayaannya-rp12-t-127472|title=Mengenal Yang Dipertuan Agong Baru Malaysia: Kritis, Punya 300 Mobil dan Kekayaannya Rp12 T|date=|website=www.tempo.co|accessdate=9 Agustus 2026}}</ref> Raja Ibrahim ima raja pa-17 dipamarintaan ni Malisia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parlimen.gov.my/yda-senarai-yang-di-pertuan-agong.html?uweb=yg|title=Senarai Yang Di-Pertuan Agong|website=www.parlimen.gov.my|accessdate=9 Agustus 2026}}</ref> Sistim mamillit raja naimbaru ima dipillit sian 9 Sultan negara bagian di Malaisia ima sultan Selangor, Perlis, Terengganu, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Johor dohot Perak. Dipillit ma margonti-gonti, sistim on naung dipatupa sian ditingki mardeka sian Inggris taon 31 Agustus 1957.<ref name="POLITIK">{{cite web|url=https://www.beritasatu.com/internasional/1074171/gunakan-sistem-rotasi-ini-mekanisme-pemilihan-raja-malaysia|title=Gunakan Sistem Rotasi, Ini Mekanisme Pemilihan Raja Malaysia|first=Surya|last=Lesmana|date=27 Oktober 2023|website=www.beritasatu.com|accessdate=9 Agustus 2026}}</ref> Marpungu ma angka sultan, dungi dipillit ma raja naimbaru. Leleng ni mamarinta ima lima taon.<ref name="POLITIK"/> Dung i, negara bagian Melaka, Penang, Sabah dohot Sarawak, dang adong sultan, namamarinta disi ima gubernur. Alani i, dang adong na gabe utusan sian negara bagian on tingki mamaillit raja naimbaru.<ref name="POLITIK"/> == Demograpi == === Populasi === Sian data pamarinta ni Malaisia taon 2024, bahat ni populasi Malaisia ima 34, 4 juta halak. Persentasi martambani populasin bahatna 0,5% dibanding populasi toan 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.dosm.gov.my/ms-MY/dashboard/population=|title=Population|website=open.dosm.gov.my|accessdate=16 Agustus 2026}}</ref> === Suku bangso === Adong tolu suku bangso naposuk naadong di Malaisia. ima halak Melaiu somal muse dijou halak bumiputera, halak Tionghoa (Cina), dohot halak India. Asingna i, halak Melaiu adong ma dibagi gabe punguan na otik na dijou halak "bumiputera".<ref name="SUKU">{{cite web|url=https://www.dosm.gov.my/uploads/content-downloads/file_20250213122755.pdf|title=Perangkaan Demografi Malaysia Suku Tahun Keempat 2024|website=www.dosm.gov.my|format=PDF|accessdate=16 Agustus 2026|page=4}}</ref> Halak bumiputera on tarmasuk mai halak Sabah bumiputera, Sarawak bumiputera, halak Kadajan/Dusun, halak Bajau, halak Murut, halak Iban, halak Bidayuh, halak Melanau, dohot halak bbumiputera naasing na.<ref name="SUKU"/> Bahat ni halak bumiputera ima 70,40%, halak Melaiu bahatna 58,10% dohot bumiputera naasing bahatna 12,30%. Mangihut muse halak Tionghoa bahatna 22,4%, dung i halak India bahatna 6,50%, dohot suku bangso naasing bahatna 0,70%.<ref name="SUKU"/> === Ugamo === Marragam do ugamo na dihaporseai halak Malaisia, alai lembaga pamarinta manontuhon ugamo Islam ma gabe ugamo resmi ni Malaisia.<ref name="AGAMA">{{cite web|url=https://www.malaysia.gov.my/my/government/kenali-malaysia/agama-rasmi|title=Agama Rasmi|website=www.malaysia.gov.my|accessdate=20 Agustus 2026}}</ref> Tung pe songoni, pamarinta malean kebebasan marugamo tu ugamo na asing, na tarsurat do i di bagasan Undang-Undang nomor 11.<ref name="AGAMA"/> Sian data sensus penduduk taon 2020, halak Malaisia majoritas marugamo Islam bahatna 63,5%. Mangihut marugamo Buddha bahatna 18,7%, dung i marugamo [[Kristen]] bahatna 9,1% dohot marugamo Hindu bahatna 6,1%.<ref name="SENSUS2020">{{cite web |url=http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2020/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf |title=Taburan Penduduk dan Ciri-ciri Asas Demografi |publisher=Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia |page=82 |access-date=20 Agustus 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113165406/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_Population/files/census2010/Taburan_Penduduk_dan_Ciri-ciri_Asas_Demografi.pdf |archive-date=13 Nopember 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Adong muse 1,85 dang marugamo (atheis), dohot marugamo naasingna bahatna 0,8%.<ref name="SENSUS2020"/> Diangka horong ni bumiputera, halak Melaiu di Malaisia ingkon marugamo Islam do, molo marpinda ugamo sian Islam, boi ma didok dang adong hak na dijou halak Melaiu. Halak Malaisia na soro sian suku Melaiu dohot dang marugamo Islam, molo masuk halaki marugamo Islam gabe adongma hak ni halaki boi dijou "halak Melaiu". Tarsurat do on di Pasal 153 Konstisusi Malaisia.<ref>Shuid, Mahdi & Yunus, Mohd. Fauzi (2001). ''Malaysian Studies'', al. 55. Longman. ISBN 983-74-2024-3.</ref> Aturan on gabe martontang do dipiga-piga jolma.<ref>Wu, Min Aun & Hickling, R. H. (2003). ''Hickling's Malaysian Public Law'', al. 98. Petaling Jaya: Pearson Malaysia. ISBN 983-74-2518-0.</ref> Dibagasan sensus penduduk taon 2010, bumiputera naasing asing ni Melaiu, adong marpiga-piga majoritas marugamo Kristen, ima halak Bidayuh 81,43% marugamo Kristen, halak Murut (80,19%), halak Iban (76,30%), dohot halak Kadajan 74,80% marugamo Kristen.<ref name="UGAMO">{{cite web|url=https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|title=Jadual 4.1: Jumlah Penduduk Mengikut Kumpulan Etnik, Agama, Jantina dan Negeri, Malaysia, 2010|last=|first=|website=|publisher=Statistic Malaysia|accessdate=20 Agustus 2026|archive-date=2019-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506080631/https://www.statistics.gov.my/censusatlas/images/ReligionEN.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}} {{Asia-stub}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] [[Horong:Asia]] {{commons|Category:Malaysia}}{{Authority control}} hv4rg19bhlum5zf1bz5sbw8vk7mvahe 0 703 18321 15950 2026-08-22T15:36:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Maluku |other_name = Moluccas |official_name = Propinsi Maluku |type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] |image_shield = Coat of arms of Maluku.svg |image_flag = <!-- Flag was removed (vectorised) as per a [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Indonesia/Archive 9#Province infobox photos.svg..|consensus]] at WikiProject Indonesia --> |shield_size = 75px |flag_size = |seal_alt = |nickname = |image_map = Maluku in Indonesia.svg |map_alt = |map_caption = Lokasi Maluku di Indonesia |coordinates = {{Coord|3|42|18|S|128|10|12|E|type:city|display=inline,title}} |coor_pinpoint = |coordinates_footnotes = |established_title = |established_date = |motto = ''Siwalima'' <small>([[Bahasa Ambon|Ambon]]) <br />Satahi Saoloan</small> |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = Huta sabungan |seat = [[Kota Ambon]] |leader_title = Gubernur |leader_name = [[Murad Ismail]] |governing_body = Gubernur Propinsi Maluku |leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur |leader_name2 = [[Barnabas Orno]] |unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 46150.92 |area_rank = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|15]] |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_max_point = |population_footnotes = <ref name="AGAMA"/> |population_total = 1893324 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |demographics_type1 = Demograpi |demographics1_footnotes = |demographics1_title1 = |demographics1_info1 = |demographics1_title2 = Agama (2022) |demographics1_info2 = [[Islam]] 52,70%<br> [[Kristen]] 46,45%<br>- [[Protestan]] 39,58%<br>- [[Katolik]] 6,87%<br> Aliran 0,46%<br> [[Hindu]] 0,37%<br />[[Buddha]] 0,02%<ref name="AGAMA"/> |demographics1_title3 = Bahasa |demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi), [[Hata Ambon|Ambon]] |timezone1 = [[Waktu Indonesia Timur]] |utc_offset1 = +09 |blank_name_sec1 = [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|IPM]] |blank_info_sec1 = |blank1_name_sec1 = Rangking IPM |blank1_info_sec1 = 26 (2022) |iso_code = ID-MA |website = [http://www.malukuprov.go.id/ malukuprov.go.id] |footnotes = }} '''Maluku''' ima sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|propinsi]] na adong di [[Indonesia]]. huta sabungan ni propinsi on, maringanan di [[Kota Ambon]]. Di [[Hata Inggris|Inggris]], tinanda do panjouan ni propinsi on ima, ''Moluccas''. Bilangan ni jolma di propinsi taon 2022, ima 1.893.324 halak.<ref name="AGAMA">{{Cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|website=satudata.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=18 Juli 2023}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Hapuloan Maluku]] bsy6tr26280f88m1ok4ymdsc6v9us7t 0 704 18320 15925 2026-08-22T15:36:48Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Maluku Utara |other_name = |official_name = Propinsi Maluku Utara |type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] |image_shield = Coat of arms of North Maluku.svg |image_flag = Flag of North Maluku.svg |shield_size = 70px |flag_size = 70px |seal_alt = |nickname = |image_map = North Maluku in Indonesia.svg |motto = Marimoi ngone futuru<br/>''Bersatu kita teguh'' |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = huta sabungan |seat = [[Sopipi]] |leader_title = Gubernur |leader_name = Abdul Ghani Kasuba |governing_body = Gubernur Maluku Utara |leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur |leader_name2 = Al Yasin Ali |unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 31982.50 |area_rank = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|15]] |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_max_point = |population_footnotes = <ref name="AGAMA"/> |population_total = 1346267 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |demographics_type1 = Demograpi |demographics1_footnotes = |demographics1_title1 = |demographics1_info1 = |demographics1_title2 = Agama (2022) |demographics1_info2 = [[Islam]] 74,70%<br> [[Kristen]] 25,27%<br>- [[Protestan]] 24,74%<br>- [[Katholik]] 0,53%<br> [[Buddha]] 0,01%<br> [[Hindu]] 0,01%<br>[[Konghucu]] 0,01%<ref name="AGAMA"/> |demographics1_title3 = Bahasa |demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi), [[Bahasa Tobelo|Tobelo]], [[Bahasa Ternate|Ternate]], dll |timezone1 = [[Waktu Indonesia Timur]] |utc_offset1 = +09 |blank_name_sec1 = [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|IPM]] |blank_info_sec1 = [[Ugasan:Increase.svg|10px]] 69,47 (2022)<ref name="IPM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/494/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-menurut-provinsi.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Menurut Provinsi 2021-2022|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=30 Juli 2023}}</ref> |website = [http://www.malutprov.go.id/ malutprov.go.id] |footnotes = }} '''Maluku Utara''' ([[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''North Maluku'') ima sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|porpinsi]] na adong di [[Indonesia]]. huta sabungan ni propinsi on, maringanan di Sopipi. Sopipi on maringana di [[Kota Tidore Kepulauan]]. Bahat ni jolma di propinsi on taon 2022, ima 1.346.267 halak.<ref name="AGAMA">{{Cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|website=satudata.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=30 Juli 2023}}</ref> == Referensi == {{reflist}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] 5abahstnpjp48ywat8qygho7dgswv4x 0 708 18333 5703 2026-08-22T15:41:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg|thumb|250px|right|Mandera rara bontar [[Indonesia]].]] '''Mandera Indonesia''' ([[Hata Indonesia]]: ''Bendera Negara Indonesia'' dipapendek bendera negara, dijou museng ''Sang Merah Putih'',<ref name=Nama/> ''Sang Saka Merah Putih'', ''Merah Putih'', manang sipata ''Sang Dwiwarna'') ima mandera ni [[Indonesia]], namaruarna narara dohot nabonta. Mandera negara on tompana opat parsegi panjang, ungkuran bidangna ima 2/3 (dua-pertolu) sian ganjangna, diginjang uarna narara, ditoru uarna nabontar, ungkuran ni duansa sarupa. Adong pe astuan ni mandera on ima astuanna tu angka ulubalang, patriotisme, dohot nasionalisme Indonesia, sian halak Indonesia.<ref name="Nama">{{Cite web|url=http://indonesia.go.id/?page_id=485&lang=id|title=Lambang dan Bentuk Negara|website=Indonesia.go.id|publisher=[[Kementerian Sekretariat Negara Republik Indonesia]]|access-date=17 Agustus 2023}}</ref> == Mandera na suman == Adong museng angka ragam ni mandera sian nagara na asing, uarna manang tompana suman tu mandera ni [[Indonesia]]. Angka mandera i, ima mandera ni Monako, Singapura, Polandia, Greenland, Austria, Peru, dohot Jepang. <gallery caption="Angka Mandera na Suman tu Mandera Indonesia"> File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|Mandera Indonesia File:Flag of Monaco.svg|Mandera Monako File:Flag of Singapore.svg|Mandera Singapura File:Flag of Poland.svg|Mandera Polandia File:Flag of Greenland.svg|Mandera Greenland File:Flag of Austria.svg|Mandera Austria File:Flag of Peru.svg|Manndera Peru File:Flag of Japan.svg|Mandera Jepang </gallery> == Reperensi == [[Horong:Indonesia]] <references />{{Authority control}} luptbreozmzrseapo9de86w3uj44wb3 0 714 18124 10190 2026-08-22T13:02:56Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control dohot manambahi reflist 18124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox person | name = Marion Jola | image = Marion Jola di tahun 2019.png | caption = Marion pada tahun 2019 | birth_name = Marion Rambu Jola Pedi | othername = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|06|12}} | birth_place = [[Kupang]], [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]], [[Indonesia]] | death_date = | death_place = | occupation = [[Penyanyi-penulis lagu]] | height = 163 cm | alma_mater = | nationality = [[Indonesia]] | spouse = | children = | awards = [[Marion Jola#Penghargaan dan nominasi|Daftar penghargaan]] | signature = Marion Jola (signature).svg | module = {{infobox musical artist|embed= yes |background = solo_singer |instrument = [[Vokal]] |genre = {{hlist|[[Musik pop|Pop]]|[[R&B]]}} |label = [[Universal Music Indonesia|Universal]] | years_active = 2018 - sekarang }} }} '''Marion Rambu Jola Pedi''' (tubu di [[Kupang]],12 Juni 2000) i ma sada parende [[Indonesia]] asli sian [[Kupang|kota Kupang]], [[Nusa Tenggara Timur]]. Marion Jola gabe peserta di ''[[Indonesian Idol (musim 9)]]''. Di bulan [[Juni]] taon [[2018]], dirilis ma ende parjolo na martitel '''''Jangan''''' ([[Hata Batak Toba|Hata Toba]]: '''Unang'''), marduet dohot [[Rayi Putra Rahardjo]].<ref>[https://hot.detik.com/music/d-4058029/bakal-rilis-single-debut-marion-jola-berasa-mimpi|"Bakal Rilis ''Single'' Debut, Marion Jola Berasa Mimpi", www.detikHot.com, 7 Juli 2020]</ref> == Marende di Indonesian Idol 2018 == {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! colspan="4"| Panampilan dohot hasilhasil ni ''Indonesian Idol'' di musim pasiahon |- !Babak !Tema !Ende !Ende Ni |- |Audisi |N/A |"That's What I Like" |[[Bruno Mars]] |- |Eliminasi I |Acapella |"Side To Side" |[[Ariana Grande]] |- |Eliminasi II |Grup |"Gelora Cintaku" |[[Trio Lestari]] |- |Eliminasi III |Solo |"Havana" |[[Camila Cabello]] ft. [[Young Thug]] |- |Showcase |N/A |"Dekat Di Hati" |[[Ran (grup musik)|RAN]] |- |Top 15 |N/A |"Damn I Love You" |[[Agnez Mo]] |- |Spektakuler II |Idola Indonesia |"Firasat" |[[Marcell Siahaan]] |- |Spektakuler III |Expect The Unexpected |"Work" |[[Rihanna]] ft. [[Drake]] |- |Spektakuler IV |Lagu Audisi |"Siapkah Kau Tuk Jatuh Cinta Lagi" |[[HiVi!]] |- |Spektakuler V |Solo |"Moving On" |[[Andien]] |- |Spektakuler VI |Duet |"Buktikan" |[[Dewi Sandra]] ft. [[Rayen Pono]] |- |Spektakuler VII |This Is Me |"Dangerous Woman" |[[Ariana Grande]] |- |Spektakuler VIII |Lagu Tentang Cinta |"Pupus" |[[Dewa 19]] |- |Spektakuler IX |Original Soundtrack |"Toxic" |[[Britney Spears]] |- |Rowspan="2" |Spektakuler X |Solo |"Ciao Adios" |[[Anne-Marie]] |- |Trio |"Uptown Funk" |[[Mark Ronson]] ft. [[Bruno Mars]] |- |} == Diskograpi == === Album studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Judul ! scope="col"| Taon |- ! scope="row"| ''[[Marion (album Marion Jola)|Marion]]'' | 2019 |} === Singel === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:15em;"| Judul ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Taon ! scope="col" colspan="1"| Posisi na tumimbo ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard Indonesia Top 100|IDN]]<br /><ref name="IDNsingles">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200227102953/https://billboardid.com/top100/ "Billboard Indonesia Top 100", www.billboardid.com, 17 Oktober 2019]</ref> |- !scope="row"|"Jangan"<br>(pataridahon [[Rayi Putra]]) |rowspan="2"| 2018 | 44 |rowspan="7"| ''[[Marion (album Marion Jola)|Marion]]'' |- !scope="row"|"So In Love" | 55 |- !scope="row"|"Pergi Menjauh" |rowspan="3"| 2019 | 60 |- !scope="row"|"Tak Ingin Pisah Lagi"<br>(dohot [[Rizky Febian]]) | 4 |- !scope="row"|"Rayu"<br>(dohot [[Laleilmanino]]) | 3 |- !scope="row"|"Favorite Sin"<br>(dohot [[Tuan Tigabelas]]) |rowspan="2"| 2020 | - |- !scope="row"|"Menangis Tanpa Air Mata" | 47 |- |} == Panghargaan dohot nominasi == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Taon ! Panghargaan ! Nominasi ! Panjagit ! Hasil |- | rowspan="7"| 2018 | rowspan="4"| [[Anugerah Musik Indonesia 2018|Anugerah Musik Indonesia]] | Pendatang Baru Terbaik | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola | Monang |- | Duo/Grup/Vokal Grup/Kolaborasi Pop Terbaik | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola | Nominasi |- | Karya Produksi Kolaborasi Terbaik | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola feat Rayi Putra | Nominasi |- | Karya Produksi Terbaik | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola feat Rayi Putra | Nominasi |- | rowspan="2"| [[Silet Awards]] | Pendatang Baru Tersilet | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola | Nominasi |- | Lagu Tersilet | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola feat Rayi Putra | Nominasi |- | [[Mnet Asian Music Awards]] | Best New Asian Artist Indonesia | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola | Monang |- | rowspan="7"| 2019 | rowspan="3"| [[Dahsyatnya Awards]] | Pendatang Baru Terdahsyat | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola | Monang |- | Lagu Upbeat terdahsyat | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola feat Rayi Putra | Monang |- | Lagu Terdahsyat 2019 | rowspan="1"| Marion Jola feat Rayi Putra | Monang |- | rowspan="4"|[[Anugerah Musik Indonesia 2019|Anugerah Musik Indonesia]] | [[Penghargaan AMI untuk Karya Produksi Terbaik-Terbaik|Karya Produksi Terbaik-Terbaik]] |rowspan="2"| "Tak Ingin Pisah Lagi" | Nominasi |- | [[Penghargaan AMI untuk Karya Produksi Kolaborasi Terbaik|Karya Produksi Kolaborasi Terbaik]] | Nominasi |- | [[Penghargaan AMI untuk Karya Produksi Kolaborasi Terbaik|Artis Solo Wanita Pop Terbaik]] | rowspan="1"| "Pergi Menjauh" | Nominasi |- | Artis Solo Pria/Wanita Urban Terbaik | rowspan="1"| "So In Love" | Nominasi |- | rowspan="6"| 2020 | rowspan="6"| [[Billboard Indonesia Music Awards 2020|Billboard Indonesia Music Awards]] | Top 100 Song Of The Year | rowspan="3"| "Rayu" (dohot Laleilmanino) | Nominasi |- | Top Streaming Song Of The Year (Audio) | Nominasi |- | Top Radio Airplay Of The Year | Nominasi |- | Top Collaboration Song Of The Year | "Tak Ingin Pisah Lagi" (dohot Rizky Febian) | Monang |- | Top New Artist Of The Year | rowspan="2"|Marion Jola | Monang |- | Top Female Singer Of The Year | Nominasi |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} == Pustaha ruar == * [https://www.dontsad.com/2018/01/profil-terlengkap-marion-jola.html "Profil Marion Jola", 7 Juli 2020] * [[Instagram]] @lalamarionmj * [[Indonesian Idol|Indonesia Idol]] [[Horong:Parende sian Indonesia]] [[Horong:Parende]] [[Horong:Musik]] <references />{{Authority control}} 4l4k342bdp2s5tk43ag8gxs96namowz 0 715 18154 16402 2026-08-22T13:30:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Markisa|ᯔᯒ᯲ᯂᯪᯘ}} [[Ugasan:Passion fruit vineyard.jpg|thumb|140x140px|Parbue ni Markisa]] '''Markisa''' i ma parbue ni sada andihit na tarsar sian propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Alai, markisa on asalna sian [[Brasil|Brasil]], [[Venezuela]], [[Kolombia]] dohot [[Peru]] <ref>https://www.greeners.co/flora-fauna/markisa-buah-dengan-sari-melimpah/</ref>. Adong godang ragam ni markisa on alai na godang disuan di Indonesia i ma markisa sayur manang erbis (''Passiflora quadrangularis''), konyal (''Passiflora lingularis''), markisa ungu manang siuh (''Passiflora edulis'' f ''edulis'') dohot markisa hunik (''Passifora edulis'' f ''flavicarpa'')<ref>https://www.bi.go.id/id/umkm/kelayakan/pola-pembiayaan/perkebunan/Documents/4c2dba1ab2354a45a3d71b66e4ed2981BudidayaMarkisa.pdf</ref>. == Guna ni Markisa == == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Suansuanan-stub}} {{Parbue-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] [[Horong:Parbue]] 5v2p8ippj7w2cvphiwuf8nurffarfwg 0 716 18446 5791 2026-08-22T16:46:29Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18446 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:11th FINA World Championships.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Kolam renang, inganan ni marlange, sada olahraga di portibion na bahat digioti jolma]] '''Marlange''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''renang ''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''swimming'') ima sada gerakan marpinda tempat natatur dibagasan ni aek mamangke pat dohot tangan. Molo di olahraga, adong do ragam ni marlange na dilombahon. Na monang di marlomba marlange, ima na parjolo mandapothon tingki nahatop sahat tu garis pinis na. Sistem na monang adong babak penyisihanna, markalompok, sanga pe marsada halak. Panontuan monang ima tingki di babak akhirna. == Pasilitas dohot peralatan == === Kolam renang === ganjang ni lintasan kolam renang lintasan ima 50 meter, adong muse lintasan na paling pendek holan sahat di 25 meter. Diperaturan ni [[Federasi Renang Internasional]], ungkuran ni kolam renang di parlombaan Olimpiade ganjangna ingkon 50 meter dohot lebarna 25 meter. Bagas ni kolam minimum 1,35 meter, dimulai sian 1,0 meter lintasan parjolo sahat tu 6,0 meter dihitung sian dinding kolam na adong balok ''start'' na. Bagas minimum di bagian naasingna ima 1,0 meter.<ref name=facilities>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150910234726/http://www.fina.org/project/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=119#fr2 FINA Facilities Rules 2009-2013], www.fina.org, diakses 31 Juli 2021</ref> == Nomor marlomba == [[Ugasan:Kazan 2015 - Katie Ledecky wins 400m freestyle (cropped).JPG|thumb|right|Parlange [[Katie Ledecky]], sian Amerika, mandapot rekor Olimpiade taon 2016 di Brasil, gaya bebas 400m dohot 800m.]] Adong ragam ni marlomba renang, nomor-nomor parlombaan boi dibagi sian jarak, jenis kelamin, dohot opat gaya renang (gaya bebas, gaya kupu-kupu, gaya punggung, dohot gaya dada). Nomor-nomor renang baua dohot borua na dilombahon di [[Olimpiade]], ima: * Gaya bebas: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m (putri), 1500 m (putra) * Gaya kupu-kupu: 100 m, 200 m * Gaya punggung: 100 m, 200 m * Gaya dada: 100 m, 200 m * Gaya ganti perorangan: 200 m, 400 m * Gaya ganti estafet: 4 x 100 m * Gaya bebas estafet: 4 x 100 m, 4 x 200 m * Marathon 10 km.<ref>[http://www.olympic.org/en/content/Sports/All-Sports/Aquatics/Swimming/ Swimming All Events], www.olympic.org, diakses 31 Juli 2021</ref> [[Federasi Renang Internasional]] mangangkui rekor dunia baua/borua nomor-nomor renang: * Gaya bebas: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 m * Gaya punggung: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m * Gaya dada: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m * Gaya kupu-kupu: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m * Gaya ganti perorangan: 100 m (holan lintasan pendek), 200 m, 400 m * Gaya ganti estapet: 4×100 m * Gaya bebas estapet: 4×100 m, 4×200 m.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130726002347/http://www.fina.org/project/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=45&Itemid=119#sw12 FINA Technical Rule SW12.1 dan 12.2], www.fina.org, diakses 31 Juli 2021</ref> == Pangkean hoding == Adong do pangkean hoding ni lomba marlange na pakaluar sian Federasi Renang Internasional, tarmasuk merek dohot tipena na dung diauhon.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150907044420/http://www.fina.org/project/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2389&Itemid=49 FINA 2009 List of Approved Swimsuits], www.fina.org, diakses 31 Juli 2021</ref> Sude parlange dipaloas mamangke tahuluk renang dohot kassa mata renang. Boi museng mamangke kassa mata ''minus'' sanga pe ''[[lensa kontak]]'', molo parlange giot mamangkena, lumobi na marmata minus. == Pustaha == [[Horong:Olahraga]] <references />{{Authority control}} tesxhcgtigiqzlg53b7fcbey1yb5bew 0 719 18530 5812 2026-08-22T18:47:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martha Christina Tiahahu''' manang lumobi ditanda panjouanna '''Christina Tiahahu''' (Tubu di kecamatan [[Nusa Laut, Maluku Tonga|Nusa Laut]], kabupaten [[Kabupten Maluku Tonga|Maluku Tonga]], tanggal 4 Januari 1800 - monding di [[Laut Banda]], [[Maluku]] tanggal 2 Januari 1818) ima sada ulubalang borua naro sian huta Abubu di [[Nusa Laut, Maluku Tonga|Nusa Laut]].<ref name="CH">[J B Soedarmanta. ''Jejak-jejak pahlawan: perekat kesatuan bangsa Indonesia'' (2007), Grasindo, ISBN 979-759-716-4 ISBN 978-979-759-716-0], diakses 3 Mei 2021</ref> Christina tubu taon [[1800]], ditingki panjajahan ni [[Bolanda]] tu [[Indonesia]]. Ditingki i, dohot ma si Christina marporang mangalo Bolanda diumurna 17 taon.<ref name="ASAL">[Said, Julinar (1995). ''Ensiklopedi Pahlawan Nasional'', Subdirektorat Jenderal Kebudayaan (Jakarta)], alaman 7, diakses 3 Mei 2021</ref> Amang ni si Christina ima margoar [[Kapiten Paulus Tiahahu]], sada kapiten sian Abubu na dohot mangurupi [[Pattimura|Thomas Matulessy (Pattimura)]] tingki tarjadi [[Porang Pattimura]] taon [[1817]] marporang mangalo [[Bolanda]].<ref name="ASAL"/> == Dimula Hangoluanna == Martha Christina Tiahahu tarsurat ansiat sada ulubalang na dohot marporang diumurna 17 taon. Ditingki i adong ma porang Pattimura, taon 1817 na mangalo angka panjajah sian Bolanda. == Parjuangan == == Pustaha == [[Horong:Ulubalang]] <references />{{Authority control}} h8yuz0xlstlz7vynnzh5fxerli2lvmm 0 728 18156 16153 2026-08-22T13:30:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Meksiko|ᯔᯩᯂ᯲ᯘᯪᯂᯬ}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Mexico.svg|right|thumb|Mandera ni Meksiko]] '''Meksiko''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di Banua [[Amerika]]. Huta sabungan ni Meksiko maringanan di [[Kota Meksiko]]. {{Amerika Utara-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Utara]] 66k7cbd55dav9qpzw3hdzs942ef72tr 0 729 18390 16952 2026-08-22T16:26:43Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Jasmine .jpg|thumb|Bunga Melati biasa]] '''Melati''' ([[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''Jasmine'', sanga [[Taksonomi (biologi)|goar taksonomi]] na ima '''''Jasminum'''''<ref>Sunset Western Garden Book (1995), alaman 606–607, 6 September 2021</ref>) ima sada [[genus]] ni [[Somak|somak-somak]] dohot [[Jaitun]] tondong ni Jaitun ([[Oleaceae]]). Adong hira-hira 200 ragam asli sian luat namariklim tropis dohot danggol di [[Eurasia]] dohot [[Oseania]]. Bunga melati on pe bahat disuan mambahen aroma na angur. == Habitat == Bunga Melati on somalna mangolu manang maringanan di luat [[tropis]] dohot [[subtropis]] songon di Eurasia, Australia, dohot Oseania, bope adong holan sada sian 200 ragam adong mangolu di [[Eropa]].<ref name="CTEG">C.C. Townsend and Evan Guest (1980). "Jasminum officinale," in ''Flora of Iraq,'' Vol. 4.1. Baghdad, alaman 513–519, 6 September 2021</ref><ref name="mccleland">Ernst Schmidt. Mervyn Lötter. Warren McCleland. [https://books.google.com/books?id=RpVJJH3kV0oC&q=Jasminum+genus&pg=PA530 Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park] (2002), Jacana Media, alaman 530, 6 September 2021</ref> Pogu angkaragam na mangolu di Asia Dangsina dohot Asia Anggoni.<ref name="panda">H. Panda. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wNGkjn-alm8C&q=Jasminum+genus&pg=PA220 Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants (2005)], National Institute Of Industrial Research, alaman 220, 6 September 2021</ref> Bahat ragam ni bunga Melati naung dinaturalisasi di Eropa Mediterania. Songon bunga melati Ispania (''[[Jasminum grandiflorum]]'') rona sian [[Asia Pastima]] dohot [[India]], dung i sonari dinaturalisasi di [[Semenanjung Iberia]] == Taksonomi == [[Spesies]] bunga on ima [[genus]] ''Jasminum'' nadiklasifikasi di toru ni solkot bunga melati horong ni Jaitun ([[Oleaceae]]).<ref name="singh2006"> A.K. Singh. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bfb1T6QbfaAC&q=Jasminum+genus&pg=PA193 Flower Crops: Cultivation and Management] (2006), New India Publishing, alaman 193–205, 6 September 2021</ref> ''Jasminum'' dibagi gabe lima bagian—''Alternifolia'', ''Jasminum'', ''Primulina'', ''Trifoliolata'', dohot ''Unifoliolata''. == Etimologi == Panggoaran genus on ro sian hata [[Persia]] ima hata ''yāsamin'', nadipadomu sian bahasa Arab, Turki dohot Latin.<ref>F. Steingass (1891). ''A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary.'' London, alm. 1526.</ref><ref name="CTEG"/><ref>Karl Vollers (1896). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der lebenden arabischen Sprache in Aegypten," in ''Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft'' '''50''': 650.</ref><ref name="OED-jasmine">"jasmine, -in, jessamine, -in", OED</ref><ref>"jasmine." Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002.</ref><ref name=Metcalf>Metcalf, 1999, alm. 123.</ref> == Ragam == [[Ugasan:Jasminum sambac 'Grand Duke of Tuscany'.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' "Adipati Agung Tuscany"]] [[Ugasan:Jasmine Bud.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Melati punpun]] [[Ugasan:Jasmine lifecycle.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Siklus hangoluan ni bunga melati Arab]] [[Ugasan:Bunch of jasmine flowers.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Bunga melati]] Angka ragam ni melati on, ima:<ref name="grin">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122055/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?6186 ''Jasminum'' information from NPGS/GRIN], Germplasm Resources Information Network - [[United States Department of Agriculture|USDA]], [[Beltsville, Maryland|Beltsville - Maryland]], 6 September 2021</ref> * ''[[Jasminum abyssinicum|J.&nbsp;abyssinicum]]'' <small>Hochst. ex DC.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati harangan * ''[[Jasminum adenophyllum|J.&nbsp;adenophyllum]]'' <small>Wall.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati anggur balau, melati pilopilo, melati putri * ''[[Jasminum andamanicum|J.&nbsp;andamanicum]]'' <small>N.P.Balakr. & N.G.Nair</small> * ''[[Jasminum angulare|J.&nbsp;angulare]]'' <small>Vahl</small> * ''[[Jasminum angustifolium|J.&nbsp;angustifolium]]'' <small>(L.) Willd.</small> * ''[[Jasminum auriculatum|J.&nbsp;auriculatum]]'' <small>Vahl</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati India<!--May be typo; spelled "hasmine'' according to http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?405167-->, melati bunga jarum * ''[[Jasminum azoricum|J.&nbsp;azoricum]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Jasminum beesianum|J.&nbsp;beesianum]]'' <small>Forrest & Diels</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati narara * ''[[Jasminum dichotomum|J.&nbsp;dichotomum]]'' <small>Vahl</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati Pantai Sere * ''[[Jasminum didymum|J.&nbsp;didymum]]'' <small>G.Forst.</small> * ''[[Jasminum dispermum|J.&nbsp;dispermum]]'' <small>Wall.</small> * ''[[Jasminum elegans|J.&nbsp;elegans]]'' <small>Knobl.</small> * ''[[Jasminum elongatum|J.&nbsp;elongatum]]'' <small>(P.J.Bergius) Willd.</small> * ''[[Jasminum floridum|J.&nbsp;floridum]]'' <small>Bunge</small> * ''[[Jasminum fluminense|J.&nbsp;fluminense]]'' <small>Vell.</small> * ''[[Jasminum fruticans|J.&nbsp;fruticans]]'' <small>L.</small> * ''[[Jasminum grandiflorum|J.&nbsp;grandiflorum]]'' <small>L.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati Katalan, aroma melati, melati harajaan, melati Ispania * ''[[Jasminum genie|J.&nbsp;grandiflorum]]'' <small>L.Vell.</small> * ''[[Jasminum humile|J.&nbsp;humile]]'' <small>L.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati Italia, melati huning Italia * ''[[Jasminum lanceolarium|J.&nbsp;lanceolarium]]'' <small>Roxb.</small> * ''[[Jasminum laurifolium|J.&nbsp;laurifolium]]'' <small>Roxb. ex Hornem.</small> melati sayap malaikat * ''[[Jasminum malabaricum|J.&nbsp;malabaricum]]'' <small>Wight</small> * ''[[Jasminum mesnyi|J.&nbsp;mesnyi]]'' <small>Hance</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati Japang, melati primrose (mawar), melati kuning * ''[[Jasminum multiflorum|J.&nbsp;multiflorum]]'' <small>(Burm.f.) Andrews</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati India, melati bintang, melati musim dingin * ''[[Jasminum multipartitum|J.&nbsp;multipartitum]]'' <small>Hochst.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati riar marbintang * ''[[Jasminum nervosum|J.&nbsp;nervosum]]'' <small>Lour.</small> * ''[[Jasminum nobile|J.&nbsp;nobile]]'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> * ''[[Jasminum nudiflorum|J.&nbsp;nudiflorum]]'' <small>Lindl.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati musim dingin * ''[[Jasminum odoratissimum|J.&nbsp;odoratissimum]]'' <small>L.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati huning * ''[[Jasminum officinale|J.&nbsp;officinale]]'' <small>L.</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati umum, melati, melati penyair, melati musim panas, melati nabontar * ''[[Jasminum parkeri|J.&nbsp;parkeri]]'' <small>Dunn</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;melati kerdil (teger) * ''[[Jasminum polyanthum|J.&nbsp;polyanthum]]'' <small>Franch.</small> * ''[[Jasminum sambac|J.&nbsp;sambac]]'' <small>(L.) Aiton</small>&nbsp;–&nbsp;Melati arab, melati sambac * ''[[Jasminum simplicifolium|J.&nbsp;simplicifolium]]'' <small>G.Forst.</small> * ''[[Jasminum sinense|J.&nbsp;sinense]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small> * ''[[Jasminum subhumile|J.&nbsp;subhumile]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small> * ''[[Jasminum subtriplinerve|J.&nbsp;subtriplinerve]]'' <small>Blume</small> * ''[[Jasminum tortuosum|J.&nbsp;tortuosum]]'' <small>Willd.</small> * ''[[Jasminum urophyllum|J.&nbsp;urophyllum]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small> * ''[[Jasminum volubile|J.&nbsp;volubile]]'' <small>Jacq..</small> == Bunga Nasional == Adong marpiga nagara manang nagara bagian mambahen bunga Melati gabe simbol nasional. Angka nagara i, tarmasuk ma: * [[Indonesia]]: ''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' ima bunga nasional, diadopsi taon 1990.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120402234237/http://www.proxsis.com/perundangan/LH/doc/uu/F00-1993-00004.pdf Keputusan Presiden No. 4 Tahun 1993] (2 April 2012), www.proxsis.com, 6 September 2021</ref> Bunga "''melati putih''" bahat dipangke tingki ulaon parbagason somalna di pulo [[Pulo Jawa|Jawa]]. * [[Siria]]: Kota di Siria, ima [[Damaskus]] dijou Kota Melati.<ref>Anabel Bachour [https://web.archive.org/web/20210412114937/http://peacockplume.fr/food-travel/damascus-city-jasmine Damascus, the City of Jasmine] (23 Februari 2017), Peacock Plume, Student Media, The American University of Paris, France, 6 September 2021</ref> * [[Hawaii]]: ''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' ("''pikake''") ima bunga umum nadipangke di [[Lei (garland)|leis]], gabe subjek bahat ni ende sian nagara Hawaii. * [[Pakistan]]: ''[[Jasminum officinale]]'' ditanda panggoaran na "''chambeli''" sanga "''yasmin''", ima [[Simbol Nasional Pakistan|bunga nasional]] Pakistan. * [[Pilipina]]: ''[[Jasminum sambac]]'' ima simbol bunga nasional ni Pilipina. Diadopsi taon 1935, ditanda panjouanna di Pilipina ima "''[[sampaguita]]''". * [[Thailand]]: Bunga melati dipangke gabe simbol keibuan di Thailand.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210412114938/https://www.flowerstips.org/symbolic-spiritual-meaning-jasmine-flowers/ Symbolic and spiritual meaning of jasmine flowers] (3 Januari 2017), Gardening Tips, 6 September 2021</ref> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Bunga]] [[Horong:Simbol Nasional Nagara]] [[Horong:Suansuanan]] <references />{{Authority control}} dqlx9eagmlacy4fowp7w8496v81btg5 0 731 18485 5896 2026-08-22T17:07:40Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18485 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Meniń Qazaqstanym'''<br>'''Менің Қазақстаным'''<br>'''مەنىڭ قازاقستانىم'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Kazakhstan National Anthem.png|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Siguriton ni logu habangsoan Kazakhstan |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Kazakhstan (instrumental).oga|140px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Musik ni ''Meniń Qazaqstanym'' |- |} '''Meniń Qazaqstanym''' ([[Surat Kiril]] : Менің Қазақстаным, [[surat Arab]] : مەنىڭ قازاقستانىم ; lapatanna i ma Kazakhstanhi) i ma sada [[logu habangsoan]] ni [[Kazakhstan]], goar resmina i ma '''Logu Habangsoan ni Republik Kazakhstan'''.<ref>[[Hata Kazakh|Kazakh]]: Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттік Әнұраны, ''Qazaqstan Respublıkasynyń Memlekettik Ánurany''<br>[[Hata Rusia|Rusia]]: Государственный Гимн Республики Казахстан, ''Gosudarstvennyy Gimn Respubliki Kazakhstan''</ref> Logu nian diadopsi gabe logu habangsoan ni Kazakhstan di ari 7 Januari 2006 dohot pangubaan lirik logu sian [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]].<ref>Central Intellegence Agency, 2013, "The CIA World Factbook 2014", New York:Skyhorse Publishing</ref> Musikna tinompaon [[Shamshi Kaldayakov]] jala lirik na uju i ginuriton [[Jumeken Najimedenov]] di taon 1956. == Lirik Logu == On ma lirik logu ni ''Meniń Qazaqstanym'' na diguriton di [[Surat Latin]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210122001738/https://www.inform.kz/qz/content/245 "Kazinform" QAZAQSTAN RESPÝBLIKASYNYŃ MEMLEKETTIK ÁNURANY] dibungka di ari 8 Agustus 2020</ref><br> ''Altyn kún aspany,<br>Altyn dán dalasy,<br>Erliktiń dastany,<br>Elime qarashy!<br>'' ''Ejelden er degen,<br>Dańkymyz shyqty ǵoı.<br>Namysyn bermegen,<br>Qazaǵym myqty ǵoı!<br>'' '''''Qaıyrmasy''':<br>Meniń elim, meniń elim,<br>Gúliń bolyp egilemin,<br>Jyryń bolyp tógilemin, elim!<br>Týǵan jerim meniń – Qazaqstanym!<br>'' ''Urpaqqa jol ashqan,<br>Keń baıtaq jerim bar.<br>Birligi jarasqan,<br>Táýelsiz elim bar.<br>'' ''Qarsy alǵan ýaqytty,<br>Máńgilik dosyndaı.<br>Bizdiń el baqytty,<br>Bizdiń el osyndaı!<br>'' '''''Qaıyrmasy''':<br>Meniń elim, meniń elim,<br>Gúliń bolyp egilemin,<br>Jyryń bolyp tógilemin, elim!<br>Týǵan jerim meniń – Qazaqstanym!''<br> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu Habangsoan]] <references />{{Authority control}} 4jpiu1eqo97ggob00hojlew70o1vhr5 0 732 18391 12311 2026-08-22T16:27:09Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18391 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Italian olive oil 2007.jpg|thumb|Sabotol [[Miak jaitun]]]] '''Miak''' ima sada pandohan na somal tu saluhut cairan organik nasoboi mardomu dohot [[aek]], alai boi mardomu dohot pelarut organik. Sada galat na somal tu miak ima lemes molo dijama. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Jat kimia]] 3bzqvhbsrnnn8l01xn6h1z4label7c2 0 735 18146 12971 2026-08-22T13:28:03Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18146 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Arab Misir'''<br>'''جمهورية مصر العربية'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Egypt.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''Logu habangsoan''' :<br>[[Bilady, Bilady, Bilady]]<br>(بلادي، بلادي، بلادي) |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Bilady, Bilady, Bilady.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:EGY orthographic.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Misir |} '''Misir''' ([[Hata Arab]] : مصر, astuanna : ''Miṣr'' ; [[Hata Koptik]] : ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, astuanna : ''khêmi'') manang goar resmina '''Republik Arab Misir''' ([[Hata Arab]] : جمهورية مصر العربية, transliterasina : ''Jumhuriyah Miṣr al-'Arabiyah'', [[hata Arab Misir]] : ''Gomhoreyyet Maṣr el-ʿArabeyya''; [[Hata Koptik]] : ϯⲙⲉⲑⲙⲏϣ ⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ ⲛ̀ⲁⲣⲁⲃⲟⲥ, transliterasina : ''timethmêš khêmi narabos'') i ma sada [[nagara transkontinental]] na maringanan di banua [[Afrika]] dohot banua [[Asia]]. Ia do [[Tanjung Sinai]] gabe luat ni Misir na maringanan di banua Asia jala marbalok dohot [[Jalur Gaza|Gaza]] nang [[Israel]]. Huta sabungan ni Misir maringanan di [[Kairo]]. == Etimologi == Asal ni goar '''Misir''' di [[hata Batak Toba]] dohot '''Mesir''' di [[hata Indonesia]] i ma sian pandokan di [[hata Arab]] ''Miṣr'' (مِصر) na gabe goar resmi ni Misir, tagan pandokan ''Maṣr'' ([[Hata Arab Misir|Arab Misir]] : مَص) i ma jouan ni halak Misir di tingki manjou goar nagarana.<br> Guritan na tumua ni goar Misir targurit di [[hata Akkadia]] 𒆳 𒈪 𒄑 𒊒 KURmi-iṣ-ru ''miṣru'', tarhubung dohot pandokan ''miṣru''/''miṣirru''/''miṣaru'', na marlapatan "parbalokan" manang "luat suhasuha".<ref>Black, Jeremy A.; George, Andrew; Postgate, J. N. (2001) ''[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=-qIuVCsRb98C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA212&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=misru&f=false A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian]''. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. alaman 212 ISBN 9783447042642.</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Afrika-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Aprika]] dnssmey7jmbzne723e207qcdi67acbe 0 738 18415 16261 2026-08-22T16:32:24Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:2011 Nissan Leaf SL -- 10-28-2011.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Motor [[Nissan Leaf]], sada motor elektrik, nadipatandahon tu umum bulan Desember 2010]] '''Motor''' (hata [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''mobil''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''car'') ima sada [[kendaraan]] na mamangke bahan bakar miak (bensin sanga solar) pangoluhon manang padalanhon mesinna. Hata motor di bahasa Indonesia ima ''mobil'' nadipapendek sian hata ''otomobil'', bahasa asalna sian bahasa [[Bahasa Junani|Junani]] ima ' ''αυτοs'' ' dijaha 'autos', astuanna sendiri, dohot [[Bahaso Latin|Latin]] 'movére', astuanna ''bergerak''. == Panjouan di Batak == Hata na somal mandok "motor" on, molo di bahasa Indonesia didok mai ''mobil''. Molo "motor" na di hata Batak Toba, astuan ma mandok tu ''sepeda motor'' di hata Indonesia, biasana dijou ''motor''. Jadi, "motor" di hata [[Batak Toba]] ima ''mobil'' dihata [[Indonesia]], dung i, ''motor'' di hata Indonesia diastuanma i gabe [[kareta]] di hata Batak Toba. Molo angka jolma na so mangantusi hata Batak Toba (sanga di [[Sumatera Utara|Sumatra Utara]]), ingkon haduk mangantusi diparjolo mambegena. [[Ugasan:Driving Cars in a Traffic Jam.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Angka motor marjojor di dalan, di Singapura]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! Batak Toba !! Indonesia !! Inggeris |- | Motor || Mobil || Car |- | [[Kareta]] || Sepeda motor<br />(Motor) || Motorcycle |- | [[Lereng]]<br />(Kareta angin) ||Sepeda angin<br />(Sepeda) || Bike |- |} == Turiturian == [[Ugasan:Benz Patent Motorwagen (replica) IMG 0850.jpg|left|thumb|250px|Tiruanna (''replika'') "Benz Motorwagen" taon 1886.]] Kendaraan motor naparjolo ima mamangke uap, hira-hira didesain parjolo halina [[Ferdinand Verbiest]] taon 1672. Si Ferdinand mandesain kendaraaan parmainan na marsuhat 65&nbsp;cm dipangke harajaon ni Sina, alai dang boi dipangke mamboan panumpang.<ref>[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://users.skynet.be/tintinpassion/VOIRSAVOIR/Auto/Pages_auto/Auto_001.html&sa=X&oi=translate ''1679-1681–R P Verbiest's Steam Chariot''], History of the Automobile: origin to 1900, [[Hergé]], diakses 8 Juni 2021</ref><ref name=CuriousExp>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080403101111/http://curiousexpeditions.org/?p=52 ''A brief note on Ferdinand Verbiest''], Curious Expeditions (2 Juli 2007), diakses 8 Juni 2021</ref><ref name="setright">Setright, L. J. K., ''Drive On!: A Social History of the Motor Car'', Granta Books (2004), ISBN: 1-86207-698-7, diakses 8 Juni 2021</ref> Dang adong jamita, molo motor sisongoni saut di bahen si Verbiest manangna daong saut.<ref name=CuriousExp /> Di taon 1752, [[Leonty Shamshurenkov]], sada parkarejo sian bangso [[Rusia]], mambahen sada konstruksi kendaraan naboi dipadalan manisia. Dungi, si Leonty mambahen kendaraan i dohot [[odometer]]. Kendaraan nabibahen i suman tu [[kareta salju]].<ref name=autoinvention>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200409165127/http://www.1520mm.ru/history/start/pram.phtml ''Коляски Шамшуренкова и самокатка Кулибина / The carriages of Shamshurenkov and ''samokatka'' of Kulibin'' (hata Rusia)], www.152mm.ru, diakses 8 Juni 2021</ref> Taon [[1769]], [[Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot]] mambahen kendaraan roda tolu. Dungi, kendaraan parjolo mamangke [[masin uap]], hira-hira dipadalanhon di kota [[Birmingham]], Inggoris, nadibahen si [[Lunar Society]]. Motor namamangke bensin, tong parjolo dihaben di Birmingham, taon 1896, dikarejohon si [[Frederick William Lanchester]]. Si Frederick tong namanjumpnaghon [[rem sakram]]. Dung i, lewat taon 18906, alai totop ditaon 1890-an, etanol dipangke padalanhon motor di Amerika Serikat. == Turpuk ni Motor == [[Ugasan:2013-Monster-Tajima-Giti-EV.jpg|thumb|250px|Nobuhiro Tajima tingki ro di ''Pikes Peak International Hill Climb'' dohot motor ''sport listrik''.]] [[Ugasan:OSCar eO Dakar 2012.jpg|thumb|250px|Motor sport listrik OSCar eO di Dakar taon 2012.]] [[Ugasan:Tesla Motors Model S base.JPG|thumb|250px|Isi ni Sasis Tesla Model S chassis<ref>Ted, Dillard. [http://insideevs.com/look-inside-a-tesla-model-s-battery-pac/ ''Rare Look Inside A Tesla Model S Battery Pack''], InsideEVs, diakses 8 Juni 2021</ref>]] Ditoru on ma angka turpuk (''bagian-bagian utama'') ni motor. Bahat hata totop mamangke bahaso Inggoris sanga Indonesia, dang boi dipauba tu hata Batak Toba; * [[Masin]] ** [[Karburator]] sanga ''injeksi bahan bakar'' ** [[Pompa bahan bakar]] ** [[Konpigurasi masin]]: [[Masin wankel|Wankel]] sanga [[masin piston]] ([[Masin V|V]], [[Masin inline|inline]], [[mesin flat|flat]]). ** [[Unit kontrol elektronik]] ** [[Pipa panduduran|Sistem panduduran]] ** [[Sistem ignisi]] ** [[Starter mobil|Self starter]] ** Alat [[Kontrol emisi mobil|Kontrol emisi]] ** [[Turbocharger]] dohot [[supercharger]] ** [[Masin depan]] ** [[Masin belakang]] ** [[Masin tengah]] ** [[Radiator]] * [[Ancillary power mobil|Ancillary power]] – mekanik, elektrik, hidraulis, hampa udara * Pangurdot (''Penggerak'' sanga ''Driver'') ** [[Transmisi (motor)|Transmisi]] ([[kotak gigi]]) *** [[Transmisi manual]] *** [[Transmisi semi-otomatis]] *** [[Transmisi otomatis]] ** Tutur peakna (''Tata letak'' sanga ''Layout'') *** [[FF layout]] *** [[FR layout]] *** [[MR layout]] *** [[RR layout]] ** Roda pangurdot (''Drive Wheels'') *** [[2 wheel drive]] *** [[Penggerak 4 roda]]/4 wheel drive *** [[Front wheel drive]] *** [[Rear wheel drive]] *** [[All wheel drive]] ** [[Differential (mechanics)|differential]] *** [[Limited slip differential]] ** [[As Roda]] /axle ** [[Live axle]] * [[Rem]] ** [[Rem sakram]] ** [[Rem drum]] ** [[Sistem rem anti terkunci]]/ ''Anti-lock braking sistem'' ([[ABS]]) ** [[Electronic brake-force distribution]] (EBD) ** [[Sensotronic brake control]] (SBC) ** [[Brake assist]] (BA) ** [[Hill descent control]] (HDC) ** [[Stand-by brake]] ** [[Kontrol kestabilan]] * [[Roda]] dohot [[ban]] ** [[Roda khusus]] * [[Setir]] ** [[Rack and pinion]] ** [[Ackermann steering geometry]] ** [[Sudut Castor]] ** [[Sudut Camber]] ** [[Kingpin]] * [[Suspensi (kendaraan)|Suspensi]] ** [[MacPherson strut]] ** [[Wishbone suspension|Wishbone]] ** [[Double wishbone]] ** [[Multi-link suspension|Multi-link]] ** [[Torsion beam suspension|Torsion beam]] ** [[Semi-trailing arm suspension|Semi-trailing arm]] ** [[as roda]] * Bodi ** [[Zona benturan]]/[[Crumple zone]] ** Konstruksi [[Monocoque]] (unibody) ** [[Suicide doors]] ** [[Spoiler (automotive)|Spoiler]] * Hapindan interior (''Perlengkapan interior'') ** ''Passive safety'' *** [[Sabuk pengaman]] sanga ''seat-belt'' *** [[Kantung udara]] *** [[Kunci pengaman anak]] ** Dasbor *** [[Takometer]] *** [[Speedometer]] ** [[Shifter]] for selecting gear ratios ** Hapindan sitambahon (''perlengkapan tambahan'') songon [[audio mobil|stereo]], [[pendingin udara]], [[cruise control]], [[telepon mobil]], sistem posisi, pemegang gelas, dohot naasingna. * Hapindan ruar (''Perlengkapan luar'') ** Janjela *** [[Power window]] *** [[Windshield]] == Pustaha == {{Commons|Category:Automobiles}} [[Horong:Kendaraan]] [[Horong:Tehnologi]] [[Horong:Transportasi]] <references />{{Authority control}} 62ngufmp04nuu2o3t99t1rl1ww3zq2e 0 744 18432 9036 2026-08-22T16:43:03Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18432 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Gouverneurskantoor 100415.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Museum Sejarah Jakarta manang Museum Patahillah.]] '''Museum Patahillah''' manang goar tulenna ima '''Museum Sejarah Jakarta''' ima sada [[museum]] na maringanan di Jalan Taman Fatahillah Nomor 1, [[Jakarta Barat]], bidang na adong 1.300 meter persegi. Tingki nasalpu, Bangunan on gabe Balai Kota Batavia ([[Bahasa Bolanda]]: ''Stadhuis van Batavia'') na dibangun taon 1707-1710 alani parinta Gubernur Jenderal [[Joan van Hoorn]], namarkuaso tingki i. Tompa ni Bangunan on hombar tu [[Istana Raja Amsterdam|Istana Dam]] di [[Amsterdam]], idia adong bangunan utamana adong dua habangna sabola purba (''timur'') dohot pastima (''barat''). Adong muse bangunan na dipangke bage kantor, ruang pangadilan, dohot adong ruang-ruang bawah tanah (di toru tano) gabe inganan ni panjara. Topet tanggal [[30 Maret]] [[1974]], bangunan on diresmikan Ali Sadikin, gubernur Jakarta tingki i, gabe Museum Sejarah Jakarta. == Sarita == [[Ugasan:Batavia-stadthuys.jpg|thumb|left|jmpl|250px|Lukisan balai kota kedua Batavia pada tahun 1682]] Mulana, balai kota naparjolo di Batavia dipajonjong taon 1620 di topi sabola purba Kali Besar. Bangunan on holan onom taon dipangke, dung i dibongkar guna mangadopi serangan sian pasukan Sultan Agung taon 1626.<ref>''Schets van de verlegging der Rivier van Batavia in 1632''.</ref> Gontina, dibangunma museng balai kota naimbaru taon 1627, parinta sian Gubernur-Jenderal Jan Pieterszoon Coen. Lokasina di Nieuwe Markt, saonari ima Taman Patahillah (''Fatahilla'').<ref name=Heuken15>A. Heuken SJ. ''Tempat-tempat Bersejarah di Jakarta.'' Cipta Loka Caraka, 2015. ISBN 974-602-70395-7-5</ref> Dibagasan buku jamita pamarinta Jakarta, balai kota paduahon on holan sada tingkat, tingkat paduahon dipajongjong haduan. Ditaon 1648, kondisi ni balai kota dang denggan, alana tano di kota Batavia (saonari Jakarta) dang denggan tingki i, ujungna manyusutma parmukaan bangunan on. Taon 1707, diparinta Gubernur-Jenderal Joan van Hoorn, asa dibongkar bangunan i, jala dipajongjong ulangi muse gabe bangunan naimbaru, alai pondasina tong sarup dohot naparjolona. Dung dipajonjong muse, ditabalhon ma Balai kota patoluhon, ima namanabalhon Gubernur-Jenderal Abraham van Riebeeck, tanggal 10 Juli 1710, dua taon sebelum bangunan on sidung dipajonjong saluhutna.<ref name=Heuken15 /> Dua abad lelengna, balai kota Batavia on gabe kantor administrasi kota Batavia. Godung on dipangke muse gabe inganan ''College van Schepenen'' (Dewan Kotapraja) dohot ''Raad van Justitie'' (Dewan Pangadilan).<ref name=Heuken15 /> == Galeri koleksi == <center><gallery> Prasasti Tugu Jakarta.JPG|Replika [[prasasti Tugu]]. Prasasti.jpg|Replika [[prasasti Ciaruteun]]. Replica of the Luso-Sundanese Padrão Monument 2.jpg|Replika [[Prasasti Perjanjian Sunda-Portugal|Padrão Sunda Kalapa]]. Keramik Jepang.JPG|Pot Keramik Japang sian abad pa-17. Unfinished Mural by Harijadi Sumodidjojo.JPG|Mural dang sae, dibahen Harijadi Sumodidjojo. COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Gevelsteen voorstellende een zeilschip van de VOC ingemetseld in een muur van het Museum Sejarah Jakarta TMnr 20018342.jpg|Lempengan batu gombar kapal [[VOC]] di dinding Museum Sejarah Jakarta. </gallery></center> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Museum]] <references />{{Authority control}} 1y8jjkvluflsoo5iotyk93gm2opu6dd 0 749 18422 15789 2026-08-22T16:34:58Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Nativity tree.jpg|thumb|right|Natal, hatutubu ni [[Jesus]] di handang di [[Betlehem]].]] '''Natal''' ([[Hata Portugis]]: astuanna "hatutubu"; [[Hata Indonesia]]: ''kelahiran'') ima hari raya halak [[Kristen]] nadipaadong sahali sataon. Ari paadong on adong salisi di angka gareja. Somalna, punguan gereja Katolik dohot Protestan marolophon Natal ima tanggal 25 Desember, dungi gareja Ortodoks marolophon Natal ima tanggal 6 Januari. Gabagaba na somal adong di ari Natal, adong ma i pohon Natal, Santa Klaus (Sinterklas), mambahen gabagaba di gareja dohot di jabu, martukar kado. == Etimologi == Hata "natal" dibuat sian hata [[Hata Portugis|Portugis]], ima ''natal'', na ro sian hata Latin ''Dies Natalis'', astuanna ima ari hatutubu, bentuk hata kerja ''nāscor'' (''nāsceris'', ''nāscī'', ''nātus sum'').<ref>{{Cite web|title=Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, nascor|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=nascor|website=www.perseus.tufts.edu|access-date=25 Desember 2021}}</ref> Hata ''nāscor'' dibuat sian hata Proto-Italik, ima ''*gnāskōr'',<ref>De Vaan, Michiel (2008) ''Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7'', Boston dan Leiden (Brill), ISBN 9789004167971</ref> ro museng sian hata Proto-Indo-Eropa, ima ''*ǵenh₁'', sian akar hata ''*gen-/*gnē'' (astuanna "menghasilkan", na dipangke di hata Latin (ima ''genĕre'' dohot ''gignĕre'') dohot hata Yunani Kuno (ima γίγνομαι, ''ghìgnomai'').<ref>Ringe, Donald (2006), ''From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic'', Oxford (Oxford University Press), ISBN 9780199284139</ref> Di hata Italia, somalna dijou ''natale''. Dungi, di Spanyol somalna dijou ''nadal'', alai saonari nga somal didok ''navidad'' ima hata mandok tu hari natal.<ref name="evangelhoquotidiano.org">[http://evangelhoquotidiano.org/main.php?language=PT&module=saintfeast&id=11286&fd=0 Natal do Senhor Jesus, evangelizo.org, VISÃO Júnior 25 de Dezembro de 2011]</ref> Alai hata "Natal", dang adong di [[Bibel]] [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]], songoni muse di Bibel Batak Toba manang Bibel na hata asingna di [[Indonesia]], na adong holan hatutubu ni [[Jesus]]. == Hatutubu ni Jesus == [[Ugasan:The visit of the wise-men.jpg|thumb|left|[[Halak majus]] mendapothon [[Jesus]], diparingoti borngin padua bolashon dung hatutubu sian ari Natal. ([[Epifani]])]] Sarita hatutubu ni [[Jesus]], tarsurat doi di kitab Injil Perjanjian Baru, ima [[Injil Matius|Matius]] 1:18-2:23, dohot [[Injil Lukas|Lukas]] 2:1-21. Dibagasan kitab Lukas, si Maria mamboto sian Surusuruan ni Debata, ibana naung gabegabean [[Tondi Porbadia]]. Dungi, si Maria dohot oroanna si Josep lao manadinghon jabu ni halaki sian [[Nazaret]] mardalan tu [[Betlehem]] naeng pasurathon [[sensus]] nadibahen si [[Agustus]], Kaisar Romawi ditingki i. Alani dang mandapot inganan di kota, posoposo Jesus dipapeak di sada [[palungan]] (malaf).<ref>[http://alkitab.sabda.org/verse.php?book=Luk&chapter=2&verse=7 Lukas 2:7 versi Leydekker]</ref><ref>http://natal.sabda.org/anak_malaf</ref> Hatutubu ni Jesus di Betlehem Efrata, [[Judea]], di huta ni si [[Daud]], ompu ni Jusup, manggohi nubutana ni [[nabi]] [[Mikha]] (Mikha 5:1-2). Di kitab Matius manurat hatutubu ni Jesus, ima sian sada bujing-bujing, dungi disurat ma haroro ni angka halak Majus—hira0hira halak Arabia manang Persia—lao mamereng dakdanak Jesus na baru sorang. Mulana, sahat ma angka halak Majus i di [[Jerusalem]] dung i, didapothon halaki ma raja [[Judea]], [[Herodes Agung]], jala mandok molo dung dibereng halaki angka bintang—manambut hatutubu ni sada raja. Dung i, lao ma halak Majus i tu Betlehem Judea mandapoti inganan ni si Maria dohot si Josep. Dilehen halaki ma sere, haminjon, dohot angka na angur, gabe pelean tu dakdanak Jesus na baru sorang. Dungi gabe marborngin ma halaki di si, alai marnipima hakali, nipina ima raja Herodes naeng mambunu dakdanak i. Alani ni nipi i, mulak ma halak Majus, alai dang dipaboa be tu si Herodes. Di kitab Matius sisurat museng, gabe laoma horong ni Jesus tu [[Misir]]. Dung sadia leleng, mate ma Herodes. Mulak ma horong ni Jesus, alai, asa unang pajumpang tu raja Judea nabaru ima Herodes Arkhelaus, anak ni Herodes Agung, lao do halaki tu [[Galilea]] jala maringanan di [[Nazaret]]. == Lapatan ni Lilin Natal == [[Ugasan:candles.jpg|thumb|right|Lilin]] Dibagasan parmingguan ari Natal, somalna adong Lilin di parmingguan i. Lilin on gabe sada lambang [[Kristus]].<ref name="LILIN">Rasid Rachman. 2009. Hari Raya Liturgi. Jakarta: BPK-Gunung Mulia. al. 130-132.</ref> Kristus gabe partanda na torang tu portibi na golap.<ref name="LILIN"/> Di basan Bibel disurat ima di [[Perjanjian Lama]], [[Yesaya 9:1]][[Yesaya 9:6|-6]], “terang yang besar”, dung i di [[Perjanjian Baru]], [[Yohanes 1:1]][[Yohanes 1:18|-18]],” terang manusia”.<ref name="LILIN"/> Dang holan di ibadah parmingguan adong lilin, di jabu ni angka halak [[Kristen]], di toko-toko, nunga bahat mambaen gabagaba manang hiasan dohot lampu-lampu, ima na gabe partanda molo torang ingkon manaluhon nagolap i.<ref name="LILIN"/> Pamangkean ni lilin dohot angka lampu, ima dieal sian tradisi ni halak [[Yahudi]] ima ari [[Hanukah]].<ref name="LILIN"/> Hari raya Hanukkah dibahen di tingki Adven dohot Natal.<ref name="LILIN"/> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Kristen]] p1qowegh6qr12eqcwcbl8rhjbj7pfsr 0 750 18417 9339 2026-08-22T16:33:27Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18417 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Negaraku'''<br>'''نݢاراکو'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg |300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Partanda ni Malaysia. |- |align="center" width="140px"| |- |align="center" width="300px"|Musik ni ''Negaraku'' |- |} '''Negaraku''' ([[Surat Jawi]] : نݢاراکو) i ma sada logu habangsaon ni [[Malaysia]]. Tarpillit gabe logu habangsoan ni [[Federasi Malaya]] di tingki hamardekaanna di taon 1957. == Lirik == {| class="wikitable" |'''Hata Malaiu''' |'''Hata Batak Toba''' |- |''Negaraku,'' ''Tanah tumpahnya darahku,'' ''Rakyat hidup,'' ''Bersatu dan maju!'' ''Rahmat bahagia,'' ''Tuhan kurniakan,'' ''Raja kita,'' ''Selamat bertakhta!'' ''Rahmat bahagia,'' ''Tuhan kurniakan,'' ''Raja kita,'' ''Selamat bertakhta!'' |Nagarahu, Tano ni mudarna ahu, Raiat ngolu, Marsada dohot maju! Pasupasu ni Sonang, Dibagihon Debata Hita raja, Salamat mamarenta! Pasupasu ni Sonang, Dibagihon Debata, Hita raja, Salamat mamarenta |} == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] 5nf7ncfk5fte7fsulrs8gf0zx5fwmee 0 751 18423 8349 2026-08-22T16:35:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''New York''' ima sada negara bagian [[Amerika Serikat]]. Pusok pamarentahanna adong di [[Albany]]. Adong muse kota na umbalga jala padat ima [[Kota New York]], kota tarpadat di Amerika Serikat. Godang ni halak di New York ima hira 19.453.000 halak (2019), bidang ni nagara bagian on hira-hira 54.555 km². Di kota New York muse adong ma 8.336.000 halak, sekitar 43% luat ni New York, adong di kota New York. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} l4dzr3dvmiaksy6exvw2kipebgmh4hv 0 753 18165 12067 2026-08-22T13:35:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18165 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Federal Nigeria'''<br>''Jamhuriyar Taraiyar ta Najeriya'' ([[Hata Hausa]])<br>''Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìniira Àpapọ̀ Nàìjíríà'' ([[Hata Yoruba]])<br>''Ọ̀hàńjíkọ̀ Ọ̀hànézè Naìjíríyà'' ([[Hata Igbo]])</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Nigeria.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''Logu habangsoan''' :<br>''[[Arise, O Compatriots]]'' |- |} |- |align="center" colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Nigeria (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Nigeria |} '''Nigeria''', goar resmina i ma '''Republik Federal Nigeria''', i ma nagara na maringanan di [[Aprika Hasundutan]]. Ia do nagara na gumodang jolmana di [[Aprika]]. Marbatasan dohot [[Niger]] di utara, [[Chad]] di irisanna, [[Kamerun]] di habinsaran dohot [[Benin]] di hasundutan.<br> Huta sabunganna maringanan di [[Abuja]]. Kota na umbalga di Nigeria i ma [[Lagos]], sala sada [[luat metropolitan]] na umbalga di portibi jala [[Daptar kota na umbalga di Aprika sian bilangan jolmana|na umbalga paduahon di Aprika]]. ==Pustaha== {{Afrika-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Aprika]] m5gau568jyx5vvivxwlwr5i6o0p6xtu 0 754 18166 12774 2026-08-22T13:35:26Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Nikaragua|ᯉᯪᯂᯒᯎᯮᯋ}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Nicaragua.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Nikaragua]] '''Nikaragua''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Tonga]]. Huta sabungan ni Nikaragua maringanan di [[Managua]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Tonga]] 9amq5snrof6rlp9567ln0x39ztqabjr 0 755 18169 12393 2026-08-22T13:35:39Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Norway.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Norwegia]] '''Norwegia''' i ma sada nagara di [[Eropa Utara]]. Huta sabunganna maringanan di [[Oslo]]. {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] rp2qkpu0neddifo5ntdpwp7pd7s8fwq 0 758 18419 6160 2026-08-22T16:34:10Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18419 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:FarmingZambia.jpg|thumb|Pangula mamangke ombak]] '''Ombak''' manang '''pangkur''' i ma ulaula na dipangke laho mangula. Ombak somalna dipangke laho mangongkal, paiashon tano sian duhut, nang manggai tano. Somal dope dipangke ombak sahat tu saonnari. Angka ulaon na dokdok somalna mamangke [[bajak]]. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ulaula]] 2xfeidjrphicc7pzceix7wmrws5eqm1 0 766 18351 17193 2026-08-22T15:53:11Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Oseania|ᯀᯬᯘᯩᯀᯉᯪᯛ}} [[Ugasan:Oceania (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|Peta [[geopolitik]] ni Oseania]] '''Oseania''' i ma sada luat geografis na tardiri sian [[Australasia]], [[Melanesia]], [[Mikronesia]] dohot [[Polinesia]]. Tarbolak sian bagian purba dohot pastima ni [[banua tonga]], Oseania marnampunahon 8,525,989 kilometer persegi (3,291,903 mil persegi) do bidangna jala lobi sian 47 juta jolma na tading di si. Oseania marnapunahon ragam ni ekonomi di ganup nagara na adong di si. I ma sian na maju do ekonomina songon [[Australia]] dohot [[Selandia Baru]], na hurang maju do ekonomina songon [[Kiribati]] dohot [[Tuvalu]], jala na marnehetnehet songon [[Palau]], [[Fiji]] dohot [[Tonga]]. [[Australia]] do nagara na umbalga jala na gumodang do jolmana di Oseania, dohot [[Sydney]] na gabe kota na umbalga jala na gumodang do jolmana di Oseania do pe di Australia. == Luat ni Oseania == <br />[[Ugasan:Oceania Regions.svg|thumb|Gambar opat luat na adong di Oseania]]Mikronesia, na maringanan di utara [[Garis khatulistiwa|garis ekuator]] nang di pastima ni [[Garis Waktu Antarabangso]], tarmasuk pe [[Hapuloan Mariana]] di manabia, [[Hapuloan Karolina]] di tongatonga ni Mikronesia, [[Hapuloan Marshall]] di pastima dohot pulo-pulo ni [[Kiribati]] di anggoni. Melanesia, na maringanan di nariti, tarmasuk pe [[Pulo Papua]] na gabe pulo paduahon na umbalga di portibi on. Pulo na asing di Melanesia na tarbolak sian utara tu dangsina i ma [[Hapuloan Bismarck]], [[Hapuloan Solomon (Arsipelago)]], [[Hapuloan Santa Cruz]], [[Vanuatu]], [[Fiji]] dohot [[Kaledonia Baru]]. Polinesia, na tarbolak sian Hawaii di utara tu Selandia Baru di dangsina, luat nian na tardiri sian [[Tuvalu]], [[Tokelau]], [[Samoa]], [[Tonga]] dohot [[Hapuloan Kermadec]] di pastima, [[Hapuloan Cook]], [[Hapuloan Natorop]], [[Hapuloan Austral]] di tongatonga ni Polinesia jala [[Hapuloan Marquesas]], [[Tuamotu]], [[Hapuloan Mangareva]] dohot [[Pulo Paska]] di purba. Anggo Australasia i ma tardiri sian Australia dohot Selandia Baru.{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Geograpi]] e3jnaalavwb1xt5d2vy65m43noa35on 0 779 18437 15747 2026-08-22T16:44:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18437 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Archery in Bhutan.jpg|thumb|Panahan di Bhutan]] [[Ugasan:Brazilarcher.jpg|thumb|Sada [[Rikbaktsa]] pemanah marlomba di Pertandingan Adat Brasil]] '''Panahan''' ([[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: ''Archery'') ima sada seni, olahraga, latihan, sangape bakat na mamangke [[Busur (senjata)|busur]] manembakhon [[panah]].<ref name=Paterson17>Paterson ''Encyclopaedia of Archery'' alaman 17</ref> Hata asal na dibuat sian bahasa [[Latin]] ima ''arcus'', astuanna busur (Inggeris: ''bow'').<ref>Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=arcus Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, arcus], Oxford. Clarendon Press, diakses 31 Juli 2021</ref> Ditingki najolo, panahan nunga dipangke molo marburu dohot marporang. Dung saonnari, panahan gabe sada olahraga sanga pe sada bakat. Halak na dohot martanding dijou mai '''pemanah''', dung i halak na lomo rohana marpanah sipata dijou '''toxophilite''' sanga pe '''panembak jitu'''.<ref>Hata "toxophilite", astuanna "angka namarlomo ni roha tu panahan" dibuat sian hata ''[[Toxophilus]]'' nadipangke si [[Roger Ascham]] —"goar na didapot si Ascham, dibahen museng gabe titel ni buku na (1545), artina pecinta busur 'lover of the bow'." "toxophilite, n." ''Oxford English Dictionary''. Edisi Paduahon, 1989; <http://www.oed.com:80/Entry/204131>; diakses 31 Juli 2021</ref> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Olahraga]] <references />{{Authority control}} c6b5kl7qbljq6qirbyzqafnwpembqs3 0 780 18170 12775 2026-08-22T13:35:46Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Panama|ᯇᯉᯔ}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Panama.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Panama]] '''Panama''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Tonga]]. Huta sabunganna maringanan di [[Kota Panama]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Tonga]] cig1he56i6lukzb5lyhcfutsqheu319 0 782 18436 15791 2026-08-22T16:43:47Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Panda.jpg|thumb|kanan|Hua Mei, sada anak ni Panda di Kobun Binatang San Diego, Amerika Serikat]] [[File:Pandas playing 640x480.ogv|thumb|Panda]] '''Panda''' ima sada [[binatang]] manang [[pinahan]] na holan adong mangolu di [[Sina]]. Molo tung pe adong Panda mangolu di ruar ni Sina, holan dipapinjamhon doi tu sada bangso, jala ingkon digarar tu Sina ingkon pajakna.<ref name="PANDA">[https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/vert-cap-48455379 ''Alasan Mengapa China Meminjamkan Panda ke Kebun Binatang di Seluruh Dunia''], www.bbc.com/indonesia, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref><ref name="iucn">Swaisgood, R.; Wang, D.; Wei, F. (2016)' [http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/712/0 ''Ailuropoda melanoleuca''], IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, alaman e.T712A45033386, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> Sahat tu taon 2019, adong 26 Kobun Binatang di 18 nagara, na maminjam Panda tu Sina.<ref name="PANDA"/> [[Ugasan:Mapa distribuicao Ailuropoda melanoleuca.png|thumb|Peta hangoluan ni Panda di [[Sina]]]] Panda on sipata dijou museng gabe ''Panda Raksasa'' (''Ailuropoda melanoleuca'', <small>artina</small> "Kaki-kucing hitam-putih"; (Surat ni Sina Han: 大熊猫; Sina Pinyin: 大熊貓), <small>artina</small> "huting gompul nabalga (''kucing beruang besar'')",<ref name="Scheff Duncan">Scheff, Duncan (2002). ''Giant Pandas'' edisi: illustrated (series: ''Animals of the rain forest''), Heinemann-Raintree Library, ISBN: 0-7398-5529-8, alaman 7, 18 Juni 2021</ref> dipapendek gabe '''Panda''', ima binatang [[mamalia]] na dipamasuk tu horong ni binatang [[gompul]] (baruang sanga ''beruang'' di bahasa Indonesia).<ref name="Lindburg, Donald G.; Baragona, Karen 2004">Lindburg, Donald G. Baragona, Karen. (2004) ''Giant Pandas: Biology and Conservation'', University of California Press, ISBN: 0-520-23867-2, tanggal 18 Juni 2021</ref> == Etimologi == Panjouan ni Panda di bahasa Sina ima disurat [[Sina|熊猫]], manjahana "[[Sina|xiong mao]]", artina "Huting-gompul". Tung pe panjouan di bahasa Sina dipabalik gabe "mao xiong", astuanna tong dang margonti, halak Sina totop mangantusi aha na dimaksud. == Mula Pinungkani == Parjolo halina Panda Raksasa on ditanda halak Barat ima taon [[1869]], na dipatandahon sada [[misionaris]] sian [[Perancis]] namargoar [[Armand David]] ([[1826]]–[[1900]]).<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441032/giant-panda ''Giant Panda'' (2010)], Encyclopædia Britannica Online, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> == Diplomasi Panda == [[Ugasan:Giant Panda Washington DC.JPG|thumb|kanan|Panda Raksasa di Taman Zoologi Nasional (Amerika Serikat)]] '''Diplomasi Panda''' ima sada dalan nadipangke [[Sina|Tiongkok]] mangalehon upaupa (''hadiah'') diplomatik tu nagara asing. Paraktek on nunga adong di maso ni [[Dinasti Tang]], ditingki i [[Permaisuri Wu Zetian]] (625–705) mangalehon Panda tu kaisar [[Japang]].<ref name=Magnier>Mark Magnier, [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-pandas21mar21,0,1642183.story?page=1&coll=la-home-headlines ''Attack of the Pandas''], Los Angeles Times, 18 Juni 2021</ref> Dung i, maminjamhon Panda tu nagara asing tong dipadalan Sina, gabe dalan diplomatik. Di taon 1970-an, maminjam Panda ponting sajo tu Amerika Serikat dohot Japang, alana maminjam Panda on gabe adong partukaran budaya Sina dohot bangso naasing, tarmasuk Amerika dohot Japang. Alai, di taon[[1984]], Sina manutup paminjaman Panda gabe alat diplomasi. Tiongkok mambahen sada aturan naimbaru, molo Panda holan boi dipapinjam tu sada nagara, sahat ni 10 taon. Adong ongkos maminjam Panda, sahat tu [[Dollar US|$]] 1.000.000 ([[Amerika Serikat|Dolar Amerika Serikat]]) sa taon. Molo Panda na dipinjam i maranak tingki paminjaman, anak nai totop gabe puna ni Sina. Sahat tu taon 2019, adong 26 Kobun Binatang di 18 nagara namandapot paminjaman Panda on.<ref name="PANDA"/> == Konserpasi == [[Ugasan:Status iucn3.1 VU.svg|thumb|kanan|thumb|Status hangoluan ni Panda ima ''' "RENTAN" ''' sanga "Terancam Punah"]] Panda Raksasa tarmasuk ma binatang na mura mago habitatna manang inganan na.<ref>Li, Renqiang. Xu, Ming. Wong, Michelle Hang Gi ''Climate change threatens giant panda protection in the 21st century - volume 182'' (Pebruari 2015), Biological Conservation, alaman 93–101, DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.037, 18 Juni 2021</ref> Dung i, bahat ni hatutubu na pe museng renda sanga saotik.<ref name="Britannica Earth">[https://archive.org/details/earthschangingen0000comp ''Earth's Changing Environment''], Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc, ISBN: 1-61535-339-9, alaman [https://archive.org/details/earthschangingen0000comp/page/49 49], diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> Angka parilmu binatang mandok ingkon adong 1.600 Panda na mangolu di harangan ni Sina. Panda Raksasa gabe lambang ni [[World Wildlife Fund]] (WWF), organisasi pelestarian alam. === Bahat ni Panda === Bahat ni Panda taon 1976 sahat tu 2013: {| class="wikitable" !Taon !Riar<ref>[http://www.animalinfo.org/species/carnivor/ailumela.htm#Population ''Animal Info – Giant Panda], www.animalinfo.org, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> !Hamubaon !Dipenangkaran !Hamubaon !Total !Hamubaon |- |1976 |1,000 |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |- |1985 |800–1,200 |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |- |1987 |>1,000 |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |- |1994 |1,200 |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |- |1995 |1,000 | −200 |n/a |n/a |n/a |n/a |- |2003 |1,596 | +596 |164<ref name=":0">Davison, Nicola. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/11441960/Chinas-panda-population-increases-by-17-per-cent-major-census-finds.html ''China's panda population increases by 17 per cent, major census finds''] (28 PebruarI 2015), www.telegraph.co.uk, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> |n/a |1,760 |n/a |- |2012 |n/a |n/a |341<ref>Brooks, Melody. [http://ielc.libguides.com/sdzg/factsheets/giantpanda ''Summary – Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Fact Sheet, 2001 – ResearchGuides at International Environment Library Consortium''], ielc.libguides.com, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> | +178 |n/a |n/a |- |2013 |1,864<ref>[http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/giant_panda/panda/how_many_are_left_in_the_wild_population/ ''How many are left in the wild?''], wwf.panda.org, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> | +268 |375<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924063709/http://www.pandasinternational.org/wptemp/panda-census-2013-wild-panda-population-increases-to-1864/ ''Panda Census 2013 {{!}} Wild Panda Population Increases to 1,864 {{!}} Pandas International''], www.pandasinternational.org, diakses 18 Juni 2021</ref> | +34<ref name=":1" /> |2,239 | +479 |} == Buku Sijahaon == * AFP (via [[Discovery Channel]]) (20 Juni 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070325105323/http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2006/06/20/panda_ani.html?category=animals&guid=20060620103030&dcitc=w19-502-ak-0000 Panda Numbers Exceed Expectations]. * Associated Press (via [[CNN]]) (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060630162303/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/01/06/china.taiwan.ap/index.html Article link]. * Catton, Chris (1990). ''Pandas''. Christopher Helm. * Friends of the National Zoo (2006). ''Panda Cam: A Nation Watches Tai Shan the Panda Cub Grow''. New York: Fireside Books. * Goodman, Brenda (12 Pebruari 2006). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/12/national/12panda.html Pandas Eat Up Much of Zoos' Budgets]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061219071409/http://www.wwfchina.org/english/pandacentral/htm/wwf_at_work/panda_survey/q%26a.htm Panda Facts At a Glance] (N.d.). ''www.wwfchina.org''. WWF China. * Ryder, Joanne (2001). ''Little panda: The World Welcomes Hua Mei at the San Diego Zoo''. New York: Simon & Schuster. * Warren, Lynne (Juli 2006). "Panda, Inc." ''National Geographic''. (About Mei Xiang, Tai Shan and the Wolong Panda Research Facility in Chengdu China). == Pustaha == [[Horong:Binatang]] <references />{{Authority control}} cgisw4ve8dz64pmybi2mfy6i0tawyqg 0 787 18326 15931 2026-08-22T15:40:10Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Papua |native_name = ''Papua'' |official_name = Propinsi Papua |type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi otonom]] |image_shield = Coat of arms of Papua 2.svg |image_flag = |shield_size = 75px |flag_size = |image_map = Province of Papua in Indonesia.svg |map_alt = |map_caption = Lokasi Papua di Indonesia |coordinates = {{Coord|2|32|S|140|43|E|region:ID_type:adm1st|display=inline,title}} |coor_pinpoint = Kota Jayapura |coordinates_footnotes = |motto = ''Karya Swadaya'' |established_title = Dipajonjong |established_date = 27 Desember 1949<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/49558/PERDA%20NOMOR%206%20THN%202016.pdf|title=PERDA Provinsi Papua No 6 Tahun 2016|website=peraturan.bpk.go.id|access-date=11 Juli 2023}}</ref> |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = Huta sabungan |seat = [[Kota Jayapura]] |government_footnotes = |leader_title = Gubernur |leader_name = Ridwan Rumasukun (''Pj'') |governing_body = Gubernur Papua |leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur |leader_name2 = ''Kosong'' |unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 82680.95 |area_rank = |area_note = |population_total = 1073354 |population_as_of = 31 Desember 2022 |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |subdivision_type = Negara |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Indonesia}} |demographics_type1 = Demograpi |demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref>tags --> |demographics1_title1 = Suku |demographics1_info1 = 56,42% Asli Papua<br> 43,58% Non Papua |demographics1_title2 = Agama |demographics1_info2 = 69,86% [[Kristen]]<br>—64,23% Protestan<br>—5,63% Katolik<br>29,85% [[Islam]]<br>0,15% [[Buddha]]<br> 0,14% [[Hindu]]<ref name="AGAMA"/> |demographics1_title3 = Bahasa |demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Bahasa Indonesia]], bahasa Papua <small>(lingua franca)</small>, bahasa lokal |timezone1 = Waktu Indonesia Timur |utc_offset1 = +09:00 |blank_name_sec1 = [[Daptar Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Indonesia|IPM]] |blank_info_sec1 = [[Ugasan:Increase.svg|10px]] 61,39 (2022)<ref name="IPM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/494/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-menurut-provinsi.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Menurut Provinsi 2021-2022|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=30 Juli 2023}}</ref> |blank1_name_sec1 = Peringkat IPM |blank1_info_sec1 = |website = {{Url|papua.go.id/}} |footnotes = }} '''Papua''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Papua'') ima sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|propinsi]] na adong di bagian Timur pulo Papua, [[Indonesia]]. Huta sabungan ni propinsi on maringanan di [[Kota Jayapura]]. Ditaon 2022, propinsi on dibagi museng gabe opat propinsi, martamba tolu propinsi naimbaru ima propinsi [[Papua Tonga]], [[Papua Dolok]], dohot [[Papua Dangsina]].<ref name="BARU">{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/11/18/16044741/4-provinsi-baru-papua-hasil-pemekaran-apa-saja|title=4 Provnsi Baru Papua Hasil Pemekaran, Apa Saja?|website=nasional.kompas.com|accessdate=11 Juli 2023}}</ref> Dung dibagi gabe opat propinsi, godang bilangan ni jolma di propinsi on bahatna 1.073.354 halak, ima data tanggal 31 Desember 2022.<ref name="AGAMA">{{Cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|website=satudata.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=11 Juli 2023}}</ref> == Angka bangso == Marragam angka bangso na adong di propinsi Papua. Data Sensus Penduduk Indonesia 2010 manurat, adong 56,42% halak asli Papua (''Orang Asli Papua'') namaringanan di popinsi on. Jala adong 43,58% bangso non Papua. Dibagasan sensus i, na dietong holan baua do, dang dohot borua. Ditoruan ma bahat beda ni bahatna halak asli Papua dohot non Papua manurut kabupaten manang kota, ima:<ref>''[http://papua.bps.go.id/yii/9400/index.php/site/page?view=sp2010 Jumlah Penduduk menurut Klasifikasi Suku - Provinsi Papua] [https://web.archive.org/web/20131113120644/http://papua.bps.go.id/yii/9400/index.php/site/page?view=sp2010 Diarsip], Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Papua. Diakses 12 Juli 2023</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |No ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Kabupaten/Kota ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Papua<br>(Baua) ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Non Papua<br> (Baua) ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Total |- | 1 | [[Kabupaten Biak Numpor|Biak Numpor]] ! style="text-align: right;" |48.021 | style="text-align: right;" |''73,20%'' | style="text-align: right;" |17.579 | style="text-align: right;" |''26,80%'' | style="text-align: right;" |65.600 |- | 2 | [[Kabupaten Jayapura|Jayapura]] ! style="text-align: right;" |35.621 | style="text-align: right;" |''59,84%'' | style="text-align: right;" |23.906 | style="text-align: right;" |''40,16%'' | style="text-align: right;" |59.527 |- | 3 | [[Kabupaten Keerom|Keerom]] | style="text-align: right;" |10.458 | style="text-align: right;" |''39,43%'' ! style="text-align: right;" |16.068 | style="text-align: right;" |''60,57%'' | style="text-align: right;" |26.526 |- | 4 | [[Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen|Kepulauan Yapen]] ! style="text-align: right;" |32.815 | style="text-align: right;" |''76,38%'' | style="text-align: right;" |10.150 | style="text-align: right;" |''23,62%'' | style="text-align: right;" |42.965 |- | 5 | [[Kabupaten Mamberamo Raya|Mamberamo Raya]] ! style="text-align: right;" |8.979 | style="text-align: right;" |''91,97%'' | style="text-align: right;" |784 | style="text-align: right;" |''8,03%'' | style="text-align: right;" |9.763 |- | 6 | [[Kabupaten Sarmi|Sarmi]] ! style="text-align: right;" |12.190 | style="text-align: right;" |''66,77%'' | style="text-align: right;" |6.067 | style="text-align: right;" |''33,23%'' | style="text-align: right;" |18.257 |- | 7 | [[Kabupaten Supiori|Supiori]] ! style="text-align: right;" |8.008 | style="text-align: right;" |''96,00%'' | style="text-align: right;" |334 | style="text-align: right;" |''4,00%'' | style="text-align: right;" |8.342 |- | 8 | [[Kabupaten Waropen|Waropen]] ! style="text-align: right;" |10.707 | style="text-align: right;" |''81,50%'' | style="text-align: right;" |2.430 | style="text-align: right;" |''18,50%'' | style="text-align: right;" |13.137 |- | 9 | [[Kota Jayapura]] | style="text-align: right;" |47.987 | style="text-align: right;" |''35,13%'' ! style="text-align: right;" |88.600 | style="text-align: right;" |''64,87%'' | style="text-align: right;" |136.587 |- | | Papua ! style="text-align: right;" |'''214.786''' | style="text-align: right;" |''' ''56,42%'' ''' | style="text-align: right;" |'''165.918''' | style="text-align: right;" |''' ''43,58%'' ''' | style="text-align: right;" |'''380.704''' |- |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] f4thf81fs79isowcozb4n1m695j98v8 0 792 18327 15932 2026-08-22T15:40:11Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Papua Nariti |native_name = ''Papua Barat Daya'' |official_name = Propinsi Papua Barat Daya |type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi otonom]] |image_shield = Logo Papua Barat Daya1.png |image_flag = |shield_size = 75px |flag_size = |image_map = Southwest Papua in Indonesia.svg |map_alt = |map_caption = Lokasi Papua Nariti di Indonesia |coordinates = {{Coord|0|52|S|131|15|E|region:ID|display=inline,title}} |coor_pinpoint = Kota Sorong |coordinates_footnotes = |motto = Bersatu Membangun Negeri<br /> (Marsada paturehon luat) |established_title = Founded |established_date = 2022 |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = Huta sabungan |seat = [[Kota Sorong]] |government_footnotes = |leader_title = Gubernur |leader_name = Muhammad Musa'ad (''Pj'') |governing_body = Gubernur Papua Nariti |leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur |leader_name2 = ''Kosong'' |unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 60275.33 |area_rank = |area_note = |population_total = 604698 |population_as_of = 31 Desember 2022 |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |subdivision_type = Negara |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Indonesia}} |demographics_type1 = Demograpi |demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref>tags --> |demographics1_title1 = Suku |demographics1_info1 = 47,66% Asli Papua<br> 52,34% Non Papua |demographics1_title2 = Agama |demographics1_info2 = 61,61% [[Kristen]]<br>—54,42% Protestan<br>—7,19% Katolik<br>38,18% [[Islam]]<br>0,10% [[Hindu]] <br>0,10% [[Buddha]]<br> 0,01% Na asing <ref name="AGAMA"/> |demographics1_title3 = Bahasa |demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] <br /> Bahasa Papua <small>(lingua franca)</small> <br />bahasa lokal |timezone1 = Waktu Indonesia Timur |utc_offset1 = +09:00 |blank_name_sec1 = Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) |blank_info_sec1 = |blank1_name_sec1 = Peringkat IPM |blank1_info_sec1 = |website = {{Url|papuabaratdayaprov.go.id/}} |footnotes = }} '''Papua Nariti''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Papua Barat Daya'') ima sada propinsi na adong di bagian Timur pulo Papua, [[Indonesia]]. Huta sabungan ni propinsi on maringanan di [[Kota Sorong]]. Ditaon 2022, propinsi on tubu, dibagi sian propinsi indukna [[Papua Pastima]] manang Papua Barat dibahasa Indonesia.<ref name="BARU">{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/11/18/16044741/4-provinsi-baru-papua-hasil-pemekaran-apa-saja|title=4 Provnsi Baru Papua Hasil Pemekaran, Apa Saja?|website=nasional.kompas.com|accessdate=9 Juli 2023}}</ref> Godang bilangan ni jolma di propinsi bahatna 604.698 halak, data tanggal 31 Desember 2022.<ref name="AGAMA">{{Cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|website=satudata.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=9 Juli 2023}}</ref> == Demograpi == === Angka bangso === Data sensus taon 2010 marisi bahat ni bilangan jolma angka bangso di propinsi Papua Pastima. Disensus i, 47,66% ma bahatni halak asli Papua (''Orang Asli Papua''), dungi 52,34% angka bangso sian luar Papua manang non Papua. Propinsi Papua Nariti on ma gabe propinsi di pulo Papua, jala gumodang do halak non Papua sian halak asli Papua. Ditaon 2010, propinsi on mardomu dope dohot [[Papua Pastima]]. Dibagasan sensus i, na dietong holan bahat ni baua, dang dohot borua. Di toru on ma bilangan ni angka bangso na adong di Papua Nariti, manurut kabupaten dohot kota:<ref name="OAP">{{Cite web|url=http://balitbangda.papuabaratprov.go.id/po-content/uploads/orang_asli_papua_dalam_pengelolaan_pariwisata_berbasis_konservasi_di_kepala_burung_papua.pdf|title=Orang Asli Papua Dalam Pengelolaan Pariwisata Berbasis Konservasi di Kepala Burung Papua|date=10 Oktober 2020|website=balitbangda.papuabaratprov.go.id|accessdate=11 Juli 2023|publisher=Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah Provinsi Papua Barat|pages=9, 13-14|format=pdf}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |No ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Kabupaten/Kota ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Papua<br>(Baua) ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Non Papua<br> (Baua) ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Bahatna |- | 1 | [[Kabupaten Maibrat|Maibrat]] ! style="text-align: right;" |41.289 | style="text-align: right;" |''96,04%'' | style="text-align: right;" |1.702 | style="text-align: right;" |''3,96%'' | style="text-align: right;" |42.991 |- | 2 | [[Kabupaten Raja Ampat|Raja Ampat]] ! style="text-align: right;" |47.022 | style="text-align: right;" |''73,31%'' | style="text-align: right;" |17.119 | style="text-align: right;" |''26,69%'' | style="text-align: right;" |64.141 |- | 3 | [[Kabupaten Sorong|Sorong]] | style="text-align: right;" |44.362 | style="text-align: right;" |''37,38%'' ! style="text-align: right;" |74.317 | style="text-align: right;" |''62,62%'' | style="text-align: right;" |118.679 |- | 4 | [[Kabupaten Sorong Dangsina|Sorong Dangsina]] ! style="text-align: right;" |42.900 | style="text-align: right;" |''81,76%'' | style="text-align: right;" |9.569 | style="text-align: right;" |''18,24%'' | style="text-align: right;" |52.469 |- | 5 | [[Kota Sorong]] | style="text-align: right;" |92.604 | style="text-align: right;" |''32,56%'' ! style="text-align: right;" |191.806 | style="text-align: right;" |''67,44%'' | style="text-align: right;" |284.410 |- | | Papua Nariti | style="text-align: right;" |'''268.177''' | style="text-align: right;" |''47,66%'' ! style="text-align: right;" |'''294.513''' | style="text-align: right;" |''52,34%'' | style="text-align: right;" |'''562.690''' |- |} [[Ugasan:Peta Administrasi Provinsi Papua Barat Daya.jpg|thumb|left|Gombaran Papua Nariti]] == Referensi == {{reflist}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] dlc4ahqw2b9ta8rr273jn22zswkwg2q 0 793 18329 15939 2026-08-22T15:40:13Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Papua Pastima |native_name = ''Papua Barat'' |official_name = Propinsi Papua Barat |type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi otonom]] |image_shield = {{#property:p94}} |image_flag = |shield_size = 75px |flag_size = |image_map = West Papua in Indonesia.svg |map_alt = |map_caption = Lokasi Papua Pastima di [[Indonesia]] |coordinates = {{Coord|0|52|S|134|5|E|type:adm1st_region:ID|display=inline,title}} |coor_pinpoint = Manokwari |coordinates_footnotes = |motto = Cintaku negeriku<br /> (Holong hu, bangso hu) |established_title = Dipajonjog |established_date = 2003 |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = Huta sabungan |seat = [[Manokwari]] |government_footnotes = |leader_title = Gubernur |leader_name = Paulus Waterpauw (''Pj'') |governing_body = Gubernur Papua Barat |leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur |leader_name2 = ''Kosong'' |unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 60275.33 |area_rank = |area_note = |population_total = 559361 |population_as_of = 31 Desember 2022 |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |subdivision_type = Negara |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Indonesia}} |demographics_type1 = Demograpi |demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref>tags --> |demographics1_title1 = Suku |demographics1_info1 = 57,26% Asli Papua<br> 42,74% Non Papua |demographics1_title2 = Agama |demographics1_info2 = 61,73% [[Kristen]]<br />—53,32% Protestan<br />—8,41% Katolik<br />38,12% [[Islam]]<br />0,10% [[Hindu]] <br />0,05% [[Buddha]]<ref name="AGAMA"/> |demographics1_title3 = Bahasa |demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] <br /> Bahasa Papua <small>(lingua franca)</small> <br />bahasa lokal |timezone1 = Waktu Indonesia Timur |utc_offset1 = +09:00 |blank_name_sec1 = Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) |blank_info_sec1 = 0.626 (medium) |blank1_name_sec1 = Peringkat IPM |blank1_info_sec1 = 16 |website = {{Url|papuabaratprov.go.id}} |footnotes = }} '''Papua Pastima''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Papua Barat'') ima sada propinsi na adong di bagian Timur pulo Papua, [[Indonesia]]. Huta sabungan ni propinsi on maringanan di [[Kabupaten Manokwari|Manokwari]]. Ditaon 2022, propinsi on dibagi museng gabe dua, adong propinsi naimbaru margoar [[Papua Nariti]] manang Papua Barat Daya di bahasa Indonesia.<ref name="BARU">{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/11/18/16044741/4-provinsi-baru-papua-hasil-pemekaran-apa-saja|title=4 Provnsi Baru Papua Hasil Pemekaran, Apa Saja?|website=nasional.kompas.com|accessdate=9 Juli 2023}}</ref> Godang bilangan ni jolma di propinsi bahatna 559.361 halak, data tanggal 31 Desember 2022.<ref name="AGAMA">{{Cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|website=satudata.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=9 Juli 2023}}</ref> == Demografi == === Angka bangso === Data sensus taon 2010 marisi bahat ni bilangan jolma angka bangso di propinsi Papua Pastima. Disensus i, 57,26% bahatna ima halak asli Papua (''Orang Asli Papua''), dungi 42,74% lobina ima angka bangso sian luar Papua manang non Papua. Ditaon 2010, propinsi [[Papua Nariti]] (''Papua Barat Daya'') mardomu dope dohot Papua Pastima. Dibagasan sensus i, na dietong holan baua, dang dohot borua. Di toru on ma bilangan ni angka bangso na adong di Papua Pastima, manurut kabupaten:<ref name="OAP">{{Cite web|url=http://balitbangda.papuabaratprov.go.id/po-content/uploads/orang_asli_papua_dalam_pengelolaan_pariwisata_berbasis_konservasi_di_kepala_burung_papua.pdf|title=Orang Asli Papua Dalam Pengelolaan Pariwisata Berbasis Konservasi di Kepala Burung Papua|date=10 Oktober 2020|website=balitbangda.papuabaratprov.go.id|accessdate=11 Juli 2023|publisher=Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah Provinsi Papua Barat|pages=9, 13-14|format=pdf}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |No ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Kabupaten ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Papua<br>(Baua) ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Non Papua<br> (Baua) ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Bahatna |- | 1 | [[Kabupaten Pakpak|Pakpak]] ! style="text-align: right;" |46.415 | style="text-align: right;" |''54,48%'' | style="text-align: right;" |38.782 | style="text-align: right;" |''45,52%'' | style="text-align: right;" |85.197 |- | 2 | [[Kabupaten Kaimana|Kaimana]] ! style="text-align: right;" |32.859 | style="text-align: right;" |''52,78%'' | style="text-align: right;" |29.397 | style="text-align: right;" |''47,22%'' | style="text-align: right;" |62.256 |- | 3 | [[Kabupaten Manokwari|Manokwari]] (*) ! style="text-align: right;" |153.288 | style="text-align: right;" |''57,45%'' | style="text-align: right;" |113.531 | style="text-align: right;" |''42,55%'' | style="text-align: right;" |266.819 |- | 4 | [[Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni|Teluk Bintuni]] ! style="text-align: right;" |46.424 | style="text-align: right;" |''53,31%'' | style="text-align: right;" |40.659 | style="text-align: right;" |''46,69%'' | style="text-align: right;" |87.083 |- | 5 | [[Kabupaten Teluk Wondama|Teluk Wondama]] ! style="text-align: right;" |31.928 | style="text-align: right;" |''76,67%'' | style="text-align: right;" |9.716 | style="text-align: right;" |''23,33%'' | style="text-align: right;" |41.644 |- | | Papua Pastima ! style="text-align: right;" |'''310.914''' | style="text-align: right;" |''57,26%'' | style="text-align: right;" |'''232.085''' | style="text-align: right;" |''42,74%'' | style="text-align: right;" |'''542.999''' |- |} Catatan: (*) Bilangan ni [[Kabupaten Manokwari]], madohot i [[Kabupaten Manokwari Dangsina]] dohot [[Kabupaten Dolok Arpak]]. Alana, tingki i mardomu dope Manokwari Dangsina dohot Dolok Arpak tu Manokwari. == Reperensi == [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] <references />{{Authority control}} ar3p5sb0v6rzyfvsqzw5zr4gg1ddkg4 0 797 18328 15938 2026-08-22T15:40:13Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Papua Tonga |native_name = ''Papua Tengah'' |official_name = Propinsi Papua Tengah |type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi otonom]] |image_shield = Lambang Papua Tengah.png |image_flag = |shield_size = 75px |flag_size = |image_map = Papua Tengah in Indonesia.svg |map_alt = |map_caption = Lokasi Papua Tonga di Indonesia |coordinates = |coor_pinpoint = |coordinates_footnotes = |motto = ''Karya Swadaya'' |established_title = Dipajonjong |established_date = 27 Desember 1949<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Download/49558/PERDA%20NOMOR%206%20THN%202016.pdf|title=PERDA Provinsi Papua No 6 Tahun 2016|website=peraturan.bpk.go.id|access-date=11 Juli 2023}}</ref> |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = Huta sabungan |seat = [[Kabupaten Nabire|Nabire]] |government_footnotes = |leader_title = Gubernur |leader_name = Ribka Haluk (''Pj'') |governing_body = Gubernur Papua |leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur |leader_name2 = ''Kosong'' |unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 60491.24 |area_rank = |area_note = |population_total = 1348463 |population_as_of = 31 Desember 2022 |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |subdivision_type = Negara |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Indonesia}} |demographics_type1 = Demograpi |demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use<ref>tags --> |demographics1_title1 = Suku |demographics1_info1 = 77,26% Asli Papua<br> 22,74% Non Papua<ref name="SUKU"/> |demographics1_title2 = Agama |demographics1_info2 = 87,82% [[Kristen]]<br>—68,58% Protestan<br>—19,24% Katolik<br>12,07% [[Islam]]<br>0,07% [[Buddha]]<br> 0,03% [[Hindu]]<br> 0,01% asing na<ref name="AGAMA"/> |demographics1_title3 = Bahasa |demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Bahasa Indonesia]], bahasa Papua <small>(lingua franca)</small>, bahasa lokal |timezone1 = Waktu Indonesia Timur |utc_offset1 = +09:00 |blank_name_sec1 = Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) |blank_info_sec1 = |blank1_name_sec1 = Peringkat IPM |blank1_info_sec1 = |website = {{Url|papuatengahprov.go.id/}} |footnotes = }} '''Papua Tonga''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Papua Tengah'') ima sada propinsi na adong di bagian tonga ni pulo Papua, [[Indonesia]]. Huta sabungan ni propinsi on maringanan di [[Kabupaten Nabire|Nabire]]. Ditaon 2022, propinsi on dibagi sian propinsi posukna ima propinsi [[Papua]], dohot ma propinsi naimbaru ima [[Papua Dolok]], dohot [[Papua Dangsina]].<ref name="BARU">{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/11/18/16044741/4-provinsi-baru-papua-hasil-pemekaran-apa-saja|title=4 Provnsi Baru Papua Hasil Pemekaran, Apa Saja?|website=nasional.kompas.com|accessdate=11 Juli 2023}}</ref> Dung dibagi gabe opat propinsi, godang bilangan ni jolma di propinsi bahatna 1.348.463 halak, data tanggal 31 Desember 2022.<ref name="AGAMA">{{Cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|website=satudata.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=11 Juli 2023}}</ref> == Angka bangso == Marragam angka bangso na adong di propinsi Papua Tonga. Data Sensus Penduduk Indonesia 2010 manurat, adong 77,26% halak asli Papua (''Orang Asli Papua'') namaringanan di popinsi on. Jala adong 22,74% ima bangso non Papua. Dibagasan sensus i, na dietong holan baua do, dang dohot borua. Kabupaten Mimika dohot Kabupaten Nabire, ima dua luat di Papua Tonga umbahatan halak non Papua na. Ditoruan ma bahat beda ni bahatna halak asli Papua dohot non Papua manurut kabupaten di propinsi Papua Tonga:<ref name="SUKU">''[http://papua.bps.go.id/yii/9400/index.php/site/page?view=sp2010 Jumlah Penduduk menurut Klasifikasi Suku - Provinsi Papua] [https://web.archive.org/web/20131113120644/http://papua.bps.go.id/yii/9400/index.php/site/page?view=sp2010 Diarsip], Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Papua. Diakses 12 Juli 2023</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |No ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Kabupaten ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Papua<br>(Baua) ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Non Papua<br> (Baua) ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Total |- | 1 | [[Kabupaten Deiyai|Deiyai]] ! style="text-align: right;" |32.087 | style="text-align: right;" |''99,06%'' | style="text-align: right;" |304 | style="text-align: right;" |''0,94%'' | style="text-align: right;" |32.391 |- | 2 | [[Kabupaten Dogiyai|Dogiyai]] ! style="text-align: right;" |42.051 | style="text-align: right;" |''98,85%'' | style="text-align: right;" |491 | style="text-align: right;" |''1,15%'' | style="text-align: right;" |42.542 |- | 3 | [[Kabupaten Intan Jaya|Intan Jaya]] ! style="text-align: right;" |20.709 | style="text-align: right;" |''99,83%'' | style="text-align: right;" |36 | style="text-align: right;" |''0,17%'' | style="text-align: right;" |20.745 |- | 4 | [[Kabupaten Mimika|Mimika]] | style="text-align: right;" |41.388 | style="text-align: right;" |''40,17%'' ! style="text-align: right;" |61.639 | style="text-align: right;" |''59,83%'' | style="text-align: right;" |103.027 |- | 5 | [[Kabupaten Nabire|Nabire]] | style="text-align: right;" |32.850 | style="text-align: right;" |''47,36%'' ! style="text-align: right;" |36.519 | style="text-align: right;" |''52,64%'' | style="text-align: right;" |69.369 |- | 6 | [[Kabupaten Paniai|Paniai]] ! style="text-align: right;" |77.979 | style="text-align: right;" |''96,94%'' | style="text-align: right;" |2.458 | style="text-align: right;" |''3,06%'' | style="text-align: right;" |80.437 |- | 7 | [[Kabupaten Puncak|Puncak]] ! style="text-align: right;" |48.885 | style="text-align: right;" |''99,24%'' | style="text-align: right;" |375 | style="text-align: right;" |''0,76%'' | style="text-align: right;" |49.260 |- | 8 | [[Kabupaten Puncak Jaya|Puncak Jaya]] ! style="text-align: right;" |53.685 | style="text-align: right;" |''98,00%'' | style="text-align: right;" |1.094 | style="text-align: right;" |''2,00%'' | style="text-align: right;" |54.779 |- | | Papua Tonga ! style="text-align: right;" |'''349.634''' | style="text-align: right;" |''' ''77,26%'' ''' | style="text-align: right;" |'''102.916''' | style="text-align: right;" |''' ''22,74%'' ''' | style="text-align: right;" |'''452.550''' |- |} == Referensi == {{reflist}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] fxniy4pmb4mc6mp5aax1ddg8pj4vvqk 0 798 18171 12785 2026-08-22T13:35:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18171 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Paraguay.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Paraguay]] '''Paraguay''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Dangsina]]. Huta sabungan ni Paraguay maringanan di [[Asuncion]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Dangsina-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Dangsina]] kvgocxzk74l64u6h8qn4j9nl5s13lx1 0 799 18172 13497 2026-08-22T13:35:53Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18172 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Paransis'''<br>'''''République française'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of France.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan : [[La Marseillaise]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:La Marseillaise.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:EU-France.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni [[Metropolitan Perancis]] |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:France Overseas Departments.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni [[Luat di Bariba Laut Perancis]] |} '''Paransis''' ([[hata Paransis]] : ''France''), goar resmina '''Republik Paransis''' (hata Paransis : ''République française'') i ma nagara na luatna adong di [[Eropa Hasundutan]] ([[Metropolitan Paransis]]) jala piga-piga [[luat di bariba laut]]. Luat Metropolitan Paransis i ma pabolak sian [[Laut Mediterania]] tu [[Laut Gonting Inggeris]] dohot [[Laut Utara]], jala sian [[Binanga Rhine]] tu [[Samudora Atlantik]]. Marbatasan dohot [[Belgia]], [[Luksemburg]] jala [[Jerman]] di bagian irisanna, [[Swiss]] dohot [[Italia]] di bagian purba, jala [[Andorra]] dohot [[Spanyol]] di bagian dangsina. Luat di bariba laut tarmasuk pe [[Guyana Paransis]] di Amerika Dangsina jala piga-piga pulo di Samudora Atlantik, [[Samudora Pasipik]] jala [[Samudora Hindia]]. Huta sabungan ni Paransis maringanan di [[Paris]] na gabe [[kota]] na umbalga jala pusok ni budaya dohot bisnis. Kota na asing di Perancis i ma [[Lyon]], [[Marseille]], [[Toulouse]], [[Bordeaux]], [[Lille]] dohot [[Nice]]. == Pustaha == {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] n17frnn0pusjxoe2ig8qphw4ukhcoqi 0 812 18410 17228 2026-08-22T16:30:13Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18410 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Freedoom002 01.png|thumb|Tiruan meammeam pidio.]] '''Meammeam pidio''' manang '''''video game''''' i ma [[meameam]] na mamangke interaksi dohot antarmuka ni jolma na marmeam bolus gombar na diabakhon ala piranti pidio. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Meammeam]] dhe4lyq5w50nlmrfx234o20qbdlygqv 0 822 18393 9730 2026-08-22T16:28:07Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18393 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Pattimura 1961 Indonesia stamp.jpg|thumb|right|Gombar ni Pattimura di Perangko]] '''Thomas Matulessy''' (somal digoari '''Pattimura''' manang '''Kapiten Pattimura'''; tubu di Haria, [[Pulo Saparua]], [[Maluku]] tanggal 8 Juni 1783 - monding di [[Kota Ambon]], [[Maluku]], tanggal 16 Desember 1817) ima sada ulubalang ni [[Indonesia]] na ro sian [[Maluku]]. Dibagasan buku biograpi ni Pattimura na ditulis M. Sapija, hata Indonsia didiok, "Bahwa pahlawan Pattimura tergolong turunan bangsawan dan berasal dari Nusa Ina (Seram)". Goar ni amangna ima Antoni Matulessy, anak ni Kasimiliali Pattimura Mattulessy. Goar Pattimura gabe goar ni sada singkola perguruan tinggi ima [[Unipersitas Pattimura]], goar ni [[Kodam XVI/Pattimura]] dohot goar ni bandara ima [[Bandar Udara Internasional Pattimura]] di kota [[Kota Ambon|Ambon]]. == Parjuangan == Pattimura gabe sada ulubalang na dohot mangalo [[Bolanda]] dibagasan pamarinta ni [[Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie|Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC)]]. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ulubalang]] [[Horong:Ulubalang Nasional Indonesia]] o56bkqxhu1anbgk67i0mr6y2ttospdk 0 837 18438 15377 2026-08-22T16:44:17Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18438 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Emblem of the United Nations.svg|300px|right|thumb|Partanda ni Perserikatan Bangso-Bangso]] '''Perserikatan Bangso-Bangso''' ([[Hata Indonesia]] '''Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa''' dipajempek '''PBB''', [[Hata Inggeris]] '''United Nations''', dipajempek '''UN''') i ma sada punguan manang organisasi internasional na dipajonjong tanggal 24 Oktober 1945, naeng mambahen kerjasama internasional. Organisasi on dipajonjong dung salpu ma [[Porang Portibi II]], asa unang ro be porang di sude nagara di portibi on jala maminimalhon adong konplik di angka bangso-bangso. Tingki parjolo dipajonjong, adong ma mar 51 nagara namargabung tu organisasi on. Dung saonnari, di taon 2022, nga adong 195 nagara anggota tetap. Angka marpiga nagara, gabe adong do tanggungjawab khusus na di PBB, ima gabe pamantau manang boha do organisasi mardalan dohot saling marhubungan.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/members/intergovorg.shtml "United Nations Member States – Intergovernmental organziations participating as observers" dibungka di ari 22 April 2020]</ref> [[Palestina]] dohot [[Vatikan]] ima dua nagara na so gabe anggota PBB, alai mandapot haperseaon gabe pangamat na marmarkas di PBB. Molo Vatikan, adong wakilna na permanen di PBB, dung i, Palestina adong kantorna permanen di PBB.<ref>[http://www.un.org/en/members/nonmembers.shtml "United Nations member states – Non-member state maintaining observer mission" dibungka di ari 24 April 2020]</ref> Markas jala kantor pusat ni PBB adong di [[New York]], [[Amerika Serikat]]. Adong muse kantor na asing di [[Jenewa]], [[Nairobi]], dohot [[Wina]]. Parhepengan ni Organisasi on rona sian sude anggota PBB, palehanon ni dang sipaksaon, artina sukarela manangna piga lehanon tu PBB. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Organisasi Internasional]] 0t0evco1ujul1vhywog9q5e4u83x6sq 0 844 18116 9014 2026-08-22T12:58:59Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18116 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Pete_Buttigieg_(48199493426).jpg|thumb|Pete Buttigieg, di taon 2019]] '''Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg''' sanga ditanda do panggoaran na '''Pete Buttigieg''' (tubu di [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]], [[Indiana]] tanggal 19 Januari 1982) i ma walikota na patolupuluduahon ni [[South Bend]], [[Indiana]]. Tarpillit ni nasida di taon 2011 dohot 2015, gabe nasida ma anak Profesor [[Joseph Buttigieg]]. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Politikus]] [[Horong:Walikota]] e9z0sizokzw3n0gd7lwb3vb3yvq5vn7 0 845 18363 17536 2026-08-22T16:04:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18363 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Sosialis ni Pietnam'''<br />'''''Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam'''''</big></big> | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Vietnam.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Emblem_of_Vietnam.svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan:<br />[[Tiến Quân Ca]]<br />(Hata Batak Toba : Barisan ni Soldadu) |- | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Vietnam_(orthographic_projection).svg|300x300px]] |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Pietnam di Portibi |} '''Pietnam''' manang goar ojakna '''Republik Sosialis ni Pietnam''' ([[Hata Pietnam]]: '''''Việt Nam''')'' i ma nagara na tarampe di [[Semenanjung Indosina]], Asia Anggoni. Vietnam marbalok dohot [[Laos]], ba [[Kamboja]] di Pastima, dohot [[Sina]] di Utara. Huta Sabungan Pietnam i ma [[Hanoi]]. == Sarita == Tunduk bukti Arkeologi Pietnam di ingani sian [[Tingki Batu Martua]] [[Paleolitik|(Paleolitik)]], Posil ''homoerektus'' na dohar didiori sian 50,000 taon SM didapot di liang di [[Lạng Sơn]] dohot [[Nghệ An]] <ref>McKinney, Brennan (2009). "The Human Migration: Homo Erectus and the Ice Age". Yahoo! Voices. Archived from the original</ref> == Pustaha == <references /> {{Commons|Category:Vietnam}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] [[Horong:Nagara]] d0vtvbm41bgp9elyz21lbnfrw86tik8 0 846 18362 17517 2026-08-22T16:04:35Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18362 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Pilipina'''<br>'''''Republika ng Pilipinas'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of the Philippines.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of the Philippines.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>[[Lupang Hinirang|''Lupang Hinirang'']] <br>(Hata Batak Toba : Tano na Tarpillit) |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Lupang Hinirang instrumental.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:PHL orthographic.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Pilipina |} '''Pilipina''' ([[Hata Pilipino]] : ''Pilipinas''), goar resmina '''Republik Pilipina''' (Hata Pilipino : ''Republika ng Pilipinas'') i ma sada [[nagara hapuloan]] na maringanan di [[Asia Anggoni]]. Adong do tolu luat geografis na pabolak sian utara tu dangsina, i ma [[Luzon]], [[Visayas]] dohot [[Mindanao]]. [[Manila]] do huta sabungan ni Pilipina dohot [[Quezon]] do kota na gumodang di Pilipina, duansa maringanan di [[Metro Manila]]. [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] {{commons|Category:Philippines}}{{Authority control}} mj8w30hbueumh6h4gw1bdyb1v1kq010 0 847 18174 12598 2026-08-22T13:35:58Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Artocarpus heterophyllus fruits at tree.jpg|thumb|Hau ni pinasa na marparbue]] '''Pinasa''' ([[goar ilmiah]] : ''Artocarpus heterophyllus'') i ma sada goar ni hau suansuanan na marparbue. Somalna sahat do 20 meter hau ni pinasa tubu, nang pe boi do sahat tu 30 meter. Maralhot bontar do pinasa molo hona seat. {{Suansuanan-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] [[Horong:Parbue]] ow761kowq207vuawd772oyb7r5ijapd 0 848 18175 12358 2026-08-22T13:36:00Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18175 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Pinlandia'''<br>'''''Suomen tasavalta''''' ([[hata Pinlandia]])<br>'''''Republiken Finland''''' ([[hata Suedia]])</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Finland.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>[[Maamme|''Maamme'']] <small>([[hata Pinlandia]])</small><br>[[Vårt land|''Vårt land'']] <small>([[hata Suedia]])</small><br>([[hata Batak Toba]]: "Tanonami") |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:United States Navy Band - Maamme.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:EU-Finland.svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Pinlandia |} '''Pinlandia''' ([[hata Pinlandia]] : ''Suomi'', [[hata Suedia]] : ''Finland''), goar resmina '''Republik Pinlandia''' ([[hata Pinlandia]] : ''Suomen tasavalta'', [[hata Suedia]] : ''Republiken Finland'') i ma sada nagara di [[Eropa Utara]]. Huta sabungan ni Pinlandia maringanan di [[Helsinki]]. == Pustaha == {{Eropa-stub}} {{commons|Category:Finland}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] [[Horong:Geographi]] bvil6q8sluxiuwcf571dqt8fhtx5cao 0 854 18176 17089 2026-08-22T13:36:01Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Porhis|ᯇᯬᯒ᯲ᯂᯪᯘ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Meat eater ant feeding on honey02.jpg|thumb|Porhis siallang jagal]] '''Porhis''' i ma [[binatang]] [[serangga]] na metmet jala masuk tu horong ''Formicidae''. Lobi sian 12.500 do ragam di angka porhis na adong di portibi on. {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Serangga]] eptw10s5gqwlx05jlpxzmwa6940shbt 0 855 18353 12986 2026-08-22T15:53:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Earth Eastern Hemisphere.jpg|thumb|Gambar ni [[Garaga na biru]]]] '''Portibi''' ([[hata Inggeris]] : ''world'') i ma [[sogit]] dohot ganup ni hangoluan na adong di si, tarmasuk pe [[peradaban]] ni manisia. Hata Inggeris ni portibi i do "''world''" na tarsundut sian hata ''weorold (-uld), weorld, worold (-uld, -eld)'' di hata [[Hata Anglo-Saxon|Anglo-Saxon]], tinompaon sian hata ''wer'' "manisia" dohot ''eld'' "umur", lapatanonna "umur ni manisia."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080512075921/http://www.bartleby.com/61/roots/IE588.html "Homework Help and Textbook Solutions | bartleby"]</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Commons|Category:world}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Geograpi]] 2k37n6z7eb021wa15z6cv5dczltps5h 0 856 18395 9075 2026-08-22T16:28:30Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peresiden''' ([[Wp/bcc/Hata Latin|Latin]]: ''prae''-andorang dohot ''sedere''-manghunduli) i ma sada goar ni tohonan na pinangke laho patuduhon uluan ni [[Wp/bcc/hatopan|hatopan]], [[Wp/bcc/parusahaan|parusahaan]], [[Wp/bcc/sikkola na timbo|sikkola natimbo]] manang sada [[Wp/bcc/negara|negara]]. Najolo, molo masa martonggo somal do hata ''peresiden'' on singkat ni uluan ni tonggo i. Alai ianggo saonari rumingkot do hata ''peresiden'' on dipangke laho patuduhon sijalo tohonan panggomgomi di sada republik na padalanhon [[Wp/bcc/tohonan eksekutip|tohonan eksekutip]]<ref>Shugart, MS. "Comparative Executive–Legislative Relations". In Binder, SA; Rhodes, RAW; Rockman, BA (eds.). ''The Oxford handbook of political institutions'' (PDF). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548460.003.0018. ISBN <bdi>978-0-199548460</bdi>. Retrieved 17 April 2019.</ref>. ==Sileban== Peresiden na parjolo di luat [[Wp/bcc/Eropa|Eropa]] i ma Peresiden ni [[Wp/bcc/Parancis|Parancis]], na pinabangkit ni [[Wp/bcc/Republik Parancis|Republik Parancis]]<ref>(in Dutch) Noah Shusterman – ''De Franse Revolutie (The French Revolution).'' Veen Media, Amsterdam, 2015. (Translation of: ''The French Revolution. Faith, Desire, and Politics.'' Routledge, London/New York, 2014.) Chapter 5 (hlm. 187–221) : The end of the monarchy and the September Murders (summer–fall 1792).</ref> ndung peut [[Wp/bcc/Harajaon Parancis|Harajaon Parancis]] sian gomgoman ni [[Wp/bcc/Raja Louis XVI|Raja Louis XVI]] uju masa ma [[Wp/bcc/Repolusi Parancis|Repolusi Parancis]] taon 1789 ro di taon 1799. Alai hatiha i, Peresiden na sar barita na tu sandok portibion i ma [[Wp/bcc/Peresiden Amerka Sarikkat|Amerka Sarikkat]] uju masa [[Wp/bcc/Repolusi ni Amerka Sarikkat|Repolusi ni Amerka Sarikkat]] na naeng paluahon diri sian gomgoman ni [[Wp/bcc/Harajaon Inggeris na Bolon|Harajaon Inggeris na Bolon]]<ref>The scope of the American Revolutionary War between the US Congress and Great Britain is dated 1775-1783 and ends formally at the Treaty of Paris (1783), signed exclusively between Britain and the US. For further clarification, reference two mainstream scholarly references that are used throughout the English-speaking world at Further reading :Britannica and Kohn, 2013, Dictionary of War, "American Revolution (1775–83)", p. 13</ref>. ==Indonesia== [[Wp/bcc/Ir. Sukarno|Ir. Sukarno]]<ref>Biografi Presiden Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia</ref> ma sada peresiden na parjolo manggomgomi [[Wp/bcc/Indonesia|Indonesia]] dung dibaga-bagahon [[Wp/bcc/Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945|Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945]], i ma parjongjong ni Republik Indonesia<ref>Gouda, Frances (2002). American visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia: US foreign policy and Indonesian nationalism,1920-1949. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. hlm. 119.</ref>. ==Pustaha Sijahaon== [[Horong:Harajaon]] [[Horong:Panggomgomi]] [[Horong:Negara]] <references />{{Authority control}} kkzciqt3irrc709yyi698u2fpm0e7jc 0 857 18334 17917 2026-08-22T15:42:34Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18334 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Indonesia declaration of independence 17 August 1945.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Soekarno]] tingki manjaha [[Surat Proklamasi]] Kemerdekaan [[Indonesia|Republik Indonesia]], naung diketik [[Sayuti Melik]] dohot ditandatangani [[Soekarno]]-[[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]]]] [[Ugasan:Collectie_NMvWereldculturen,_TM-33002401,_Prentbriefkaart-_Het_Proklamasi-monument_in_Pegangsaan_Timur,_Djakarta,_Kementerian_Penerangan_(KEMPEN),_1950-1960.jpg|thumb|right|Sada jabu inganan Proklamasi dohot Tugu Proklamasi hira-hira taon 1950-1960 di Jalan Pegangsaan Timur (saonari Jalan Proklamasi), Jakarta Pusat. Nuaeng dang adong be duansa, alani naung hansur.|230px]] '''Proklamasi Haluaon Indonesia''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia'') ima ari haluaon (''kemerdekaan'') Republik Indonesia, na dipadalan topet ari Jumat, tanggal 17 Agustus 1945 nasalpu (17 Agustus 2605, pandokan [[Kalender Japang|tanggal Japang]]), dipaojak [[Soekarno]] dohot didongani [[Mohammad Hatta|Drs. Mohammad Hatta]], maringanan di sada jabu na dilehon [[Faradj Martak|Faradj bin Said bin Awadh Martak]] di Jalan Pegangsaan Timur No. 56, [[Jakarta Pusat]].<ref name="auto"> Gouda, Frances (2002). [https://archive.org/details/americanvisionsn00goud ''American visions of the Netherlands East Indies/Indonesia: US foreign policy and Indonesian nationalism, 1920-1949''], Amsterdam University Press - Amsterdam, alaman 119, diakses 4 Agustus 2021</ref> [[Surat Proklamasi]] ditandatangani [[Soekarno|Sukarno]] (goar "Soekarno" mamangke parhataon Bolanda) dohot [[Mohammad Hatta]],<ref name="auto2">Anderson, Benedict. (2006) [Java in a time of revolution: occupation and resistance,1944-1946], Equinox Publishing - Indonesia, alaman 83, 4 Agustus 2021</ref> dung i, nasida ditabalhon gabe presiden dohot wakil presiden sadari dung salpu proklamasi dijahaon.<ref>[https://ericwja.wordpress.com/2011/12/07/indonesia-proclamation-hero-mr-soekarno/ ''Indonesia Proclamation Hero : Mr.Soekarno.''], (7 Desember 2011)</ref><ref name="auto2"/> [[Ari Hamardekaan Indonesia|Ari Hamardekaan]] Indonesia gabe [[Ari libur nasional di Indonesia|ari libur nasional]], dung dipaojak tanggal 18 Juni 1946.<ref>Raliby, Osman (1953). [Documenta Historica: Sedjarah Dokumenter Dari Pertumbuhan dan Perdjuangan Negara Republik Indonesia], Bulain-Bintag - Jakarta, alaman 621-622, 4 Agustus 2021</ref> == Isi surat proklamasi == [[Ugasan:Proklamasi Klad.jpg|thumb|230px|right|[[Surat Proklamasi]] manang ''Proklamasi Klad'' na adong di [[Monumen Nasional]] (Monas), Jakarta]] === Surat Proklamasi Klad === [[Surat Proklamasi|Teks surat proklamasi]] manang ''Proklamasi Klad'' ima surat natoho na digurathon tangan ni [[Soekarno|Ir. Soekarno]], diurupi ''[[Mohammad Hatta|Drs. Mohammad Hatta]]'' mambahen surat i dohot ''[[Achmad Soebardjo|Raden Achmad Soebardjo Djojoadisoerjo]]''. Adong museng namangatur pambahenan proklamasi Kemerdekaan Bangsa Indonesia, ima Tadashi Maeda, [[Tomegoro Yoshizumi]], S. Nishijima, S. Miyoshi, Mohammad Hatta, Soekarno, dohot Achmad Soebardjo.<ref name="ReferenceA">Basyral Hamidy Harahap, Harian KOMPAS edisi 16 Agustus 2001</ref> Dung i, angka naposo bulung na adong di ruar jabu pambahenan proklamasi mangido asa tingki manjaha surat, dijaha sagogo-gogo na. Alai, dang dipaloas [[Japang]]. Adong marpiga hata diraso dang suman, songon "penyerahan", "dikasihkan", diserahkan", sanga "merebut". Digonti gabe "pemindahan kekuasaan"<ref name="ReferenceA"/>. Dung salpu dipadenggan surat i dohot naung dijahaon di jabu sada halak Japang, baruma isi surat proklamasi disiarhon di radio puna ni Japang. Ditoru on ma, isi proklamasi i: ::::::::::'''''<u>Proklamasi</u>''''' :'''''Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini menjatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia.''''' :'''''Hal² jang mengenai pemindahan kekoeasaan d.l.l., diselenggarakan''''' :'''''dengan tjara saksama dan dalam tempoh jang sesingkat-singkatnja.''''' ::::::::::::::'''''Djakarta, 17 - 8 - '05''''' ::::::::::::::'''''Wakil² bangsa Indonesia.''''' Dung salpu dijaha on, Surat Proklamasi Klad i dipatading, dung i sanga dibolongkon tu tong sampah di jabu ni Laksamana Muda [[Tadashi Maeda]]. Alai, [[B.M. Diah]] mangahut surat i sian tong sampah, jala disimpan nasida ma surat i 46 taon 9 bulan 19 ari lelengna, dung i dilehon tu Presiden [[Soeharto]] di Bina Graha tanggal 29 Mei 1992.<ref>Fitrian, Herry (16 Agustus 2014). [https://www.merahbirunews.com/fakta-tentang-naskah-proklamasi-republik-indonesia-1730.html ''Fakta Tentang Naskah Proklamasi Republik Indonesia - Media Online Kaltara''], www.merahbirunews.com, diakses 4 Agustus 2021</ref> === Surat naimbaru dung dipadenggan === [[Ugasan:Proklamasi.png|thumb|right|230px|Teks Surat Proklamasi Otentik na disimpan di [[Monumen Nasional]]]] Teks surat ''Proklamasi'' adong na dipadenggan isina, ditanda ma jouanna surat "''Proklamasi Otentik''", ima na diketik '''[[Sayuti Melik|Mohamad Ibnu Sayuti Melik]]''' (sada naposo bulung na dohot mangurupi mambahen surat ''Proklamasi''), isi na ima gabe : :::::::::'''''<u>P R O K L A M A S I</u>''''' :'''''Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini menjatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia.''''' :'''''Hal-hal jang mengenai pemindahan kekoeasaan d.l.l., diselenggarakan''''' :'''''dengan tjara saksama dan dalam tempo jang sesingkat-singkatnja.''''' :::::::::::'''''Djakarta, hari 17 boelan 8 tahoen 05''''' :::::::::::'''''Atas nama bangsa Indonesia.''''' :::::::::::'''''Soekarno/Hatta.''''' ('''<u>Hatorangan:</u>''' Taon na adong di duansa surat i, ''Proklamasi'' di ginjang (songoni di surat ''Proklamasi Klad'' dohot di surat ''Proklamasi Otentik'') ditulishon angka "'''''tahoen 05'''''" ima nomor nadipapendek sian "'''''taon 2605'''''", alana sistem partanggalan dipangke tingki i, ima partanggalan [[Japang]], topet tingki "'''taon 2605'''" di bangso Japang na manguasoi Indonesia andorang so merdeka. === Klip suara surat na dijaha Ir. Soekarno di studio RRI === [[Ugasan:Indonesia declaration of independence 1945.ogg|right|thumb|Deklarasi hamardekaan Indonesia 1945]] Inganan panjahaan surat ''Proklamasi Otentik'' dijaha '''[[Soekarno|Ir. Soekarno]]''' parjolo hali na di Jalan Pegangsaan Timur No. 56 – [[Jakarta Pusat]], topet ari Jumat 17 Agustus 1945 (gabe ari "'''''Hari Kemerdekaan Bangsa [[Indonesia]]'''''"), jam 11.30 waktu [[Japang|Nippon]] (panjouan tu bangso Japang ditingki i). Partanggalan Japang (Nippon) ima partanggal na dipangke halaki tinggi markuaso di Indonesia. Alai ponting siingoton, molo tingki Bung Karno manjaha surat ''Proklamasi'' i, dang adong mangarekam suara manang mabahen pideo, na adong tingki i holan poto sajo. Na adong ima nadirekam di studio [[Radio Republik Indonesia]] (RRI) taon 1951, diurupi [[Jusuf Ronodipuro]], na dohot pajongjonghon RRI.<ref>Pratama, Sandy Indra (17 Agustus 2015). [https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20150817071818-20-72595/cerita-jusuf-dan-terbakarnya-jas-milik-soekarno ''Cerita Jusuf dan Terbakarnya Jas Milik Soekarno''], [[CNN Indonesia]], diakses 4 Agustus 2021</ref> == Teks pidato proklamasi kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia == Di toru on ma teks pidato Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia. :Saudara-saudara sekalian, :Saya telah minta saudara-saudara hadir disini untuk menyaksikan satu peristiwa mahapenting dalam sejarah kita. :Berpuluh-puluh tahun kita bangsa Indonesia telah berjoang, untuk kemerdekaan tanah air kita bahkan telah beratus-ratus tahun! Gelombang aksi kita untuk mencapai kemerdekaan kita itu ada naiknya dan ada turunnya, tetapi jiwa kita tetap menuju ke arah cita-cita. :Juga di dalam zaman Jepang, usaha kita untuk mencapai kemerdekaan nasional tidak berhenti-hentinya. Di dalam zaman Jepang ini, tampaknya saja kita menyandarkan diri kepada mereka, tetapi pada hakekatnya, tetap kita menyusun tenaga sendiri, tetapi kita percaya kepada kekuatan sendiri. :Sekarang tibalah saatnya kita benar-benar mengambil sikap nasib bangsa dan nasib tanah air kita di dalam tangan kita sendiri. Hanya bangsa yang berani mengambil nasib dalam tangan sendiri akan dapat berdiri dengan kuatnya. :Maka kami, tadi malam telah mengadakan musyawarat dengan pemuka-pemuka rakyat Indonesia dari seluruh Indonesia. Permusyawaratan itu seia sekata berpendapat bahwa sekaranglah datang saatnya untuk menyatakan kemerdekaan kita. :Saudara-saudara! Dengan ini kami menyatakan kebulatan tekad itu. Dengarkanlah proklamasi kami: :::::::::::'''''<u>P R O K L A M A S I</u>''''' :'''''Kami bangsa Indonesia dengan ini menyatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia.''''' :'''''Hal-hal yang mengenai pemindahan kekuasaan dan lain-lain diselenggarakan''''' :'''''dengan cara saksama dan dalam tempo yang sesingkat-singkatnya.''''' ::::::::::::::::::'''''Djakarta, 17 Agustus 1945''''' ::::::::::::::::::'''''Atas nama bangsa Indonesia.''''' ::::::::::::::::::'''''Soekarno/Hatta.''''' :Demikianlah saudara-saudara! Kita sekarang telah merdeka! Tidak ada suatu ikatan lagi yang mengikat tanah air kita dan bangsa kita! Mulai saat ini kita menyusun negara kita! :Negara merdeka, negara Republik Indonesia! Merdeka, kekal, abadi! Insya Allah Tuhan memberkati kemerdekaan kita ini.<ref>Lapatanan lungkas sian [Kahin, George McT. (2000) ''Sukarno's Proclamation of Indonesian Independence'', Indonesia - Volume 69, alaman 1–3, DOI 10.2307/3351273, ISSN 0019-7289, JSTOR 3351273, HDL 1813/54189], 4 Agustus 2021</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} ==Bibliografi== *{{Cite book|title=Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944–1945|last=Anderson|first=Benedict|series=Cornell University. Dept. of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. 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C. Ricklefs | title = A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni0000rick_m3c8| publisher = MacMillan |location = London| edition = 4th | year = 2008 | orig-year = 1981 | isbn = 978-0-230-54685-1}} * {{Cite book|title=A history of modern Indonesia|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni0000vick|last=Vickers|first=Adrian|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1139447614|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni0000vick/page/84 84]}} {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Indonesia]] nl5ozgybaf5bu6ivjrxuxjqyeviyi6o 0 859 18335 16865 2026-08-22T15:42:51Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Indonesia]] tarbagi marhitehite di marragam [[Propinsi|propinsi-propinsi]], ganup propinsi on dikatuai sada [[gubernur]]. Saonari, adong 38 propinsi di [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=DPR Sahkan UU Pembentukan Papua Barat Daya, Jumlah Provinsi Jadi 38|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221117111710-32-874963/dpr-sahkan-uu-pembentukan-papua-barat-daya-jumlah-provinsi-jadi-38|work=[[CNN Indonesia]]|access-date=2022-11-17|date=2022-11-17}}</ref> Sia propinsi marstatus istimewa manang propinsi istimewa. == Daptar == [[Ugasan:Indonesia, administrative divisions - en - monochrome.svg|jmpl|center|600px|Peta Indonesia]] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" |# ! rowspan="2" |Goar propinsi ! rowspan="2" |Kode<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kode Wilayah Indonesia|url=https://kodewilayah.id/|website=kodewilayah.id|access-date=2022-11-19}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |Singkatan ! rowspan="2" |Huta sabungan ! rowspan="2" |Gubernur ! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="date" |Ari tubu ! colspan="2" |Tingkat II ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" |Partanda |- ! scope="col" | [[ISO 3166-2:ID|ISO]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:ID |title=ID - Indonesia |publisher=[[Organisasi Standardisasi Internasional]] |access-date=21 Mei 2021}}</ref> ! scope="col" | Hatopan !Kab. !Kota |- | colspan="12" data-sort-value="zzz" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eee;" |[[Sumatera]] |- |1 | scope="row" |[[Anse|Aceh]] |<code>11</code> |<code>ID-AC</code> |— |[[Kota Banda Aceh|Banda Aceh]] |[[Muzakir Manaf]] | data-sort-value="1 Januari 1001" |''Dang adong'' |18 |5 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Aceh.svg|center|60px]] |- |2 | scope="row" |[[Sumatra Utara|Sumatera Utara]] |<code>12</code> |<code>ID-SU</code> |Sumut |[[Kota Medan|Medan]] |[[Bobby Nasution]] |15 April 1948<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sejarah|url=https://sumutprov.go.id/artikel/halaman/sejarah|website=SumutProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatra Utara|access-date=2022-03-16|quote=Tanggal 15 April 1948 selanjutnya ditetapkan sebagai hari jadi Provinsi Sumatera Utara.}}</ref> |25 |8 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of North Sumatra.svg|center|60px]] |- |3 | scope="row" |[[Sumatra Pastima|Sumatera Hasundutan]] |<code>13</code> |<code>ID-SB</code> |Sumbar |[[Kota Padang|Padang]] |[[Mahyeldi Ansharullah]] |1 Oktober 1945<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shania|first=Tita|date=2019-07-22|title=1 Oktober Ditetapkan Sebagai Hari Jadi Sumatera Barat|url=https://sumbarprov.go.id/home/news/17182-1-oktober-ditetapkan-sebagai-hari-jadi-sumatera-barat.html|website=SumbarProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatra Barat|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref> |12 |7 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of West Sumatra.svg|center|60px]] |- |4 | scope="row" |[[Riau]] |<code>14</code> |<code>ID-RI</code> |— |[[Kota Pekanbaru|Pekanbaru]] |[[Sofyan Franyata Hariyanto]]<br><small>(Pelaksana Tugas)</small> |9 Agustus 1957<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-06|title=Peringati Hari Jadi Riau ke-64, Pemprov Riau Gelar Berbagai Perlombaan|url=https://www.riau.go.id/home/content/2021/08/06/9410-peringati-hari-jadi-riau-ke-64-pemprov-riau-gelar-berbagai|website=Riau|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Riau|access-date=2022-03-16}}</ref> |10 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Riau.svg|center|60px]] |- |5 | scope="row" |[[Jambi]] |<code>15</code> |<code>ID-JA</code> |— |[[Kota Jambi|Jambi]] |[[Al Haris]] |6 Januari 1957<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rino|date=2018-01-22|title=Sejarah Jambi|url=https://jambiprov.go.id/profil-sejarah-jambi.html|website=JambiProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Jambi|access-date=2022-03-16|quote=Kendati dejure Provinsi Jambi di tetapkan dengan UU Darurat 1957 dan kemudian UU No. 61 tahun 1958 tetapi dengan pertimbangan sejarah asal-usul pembentukannya oleh masyarakat Jambi melalui BKRD maka tanggal Keputusan BKRD 6 Januari 1957 ditetapkan sebagai hari jadi Provinsi Jambi, sebagaimana tertuang dalam Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Djambi Nomor. 1 Tahun 1970 tanggal 7 Juni 1970 tentang Hari Lahir Provinsi Djambi.}}</ref> |9 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Jambi.svg|center|60px]] |- |6 | scope="row" |[[Sumatra Dangsina|Sumatera Dangsina]] |<code>16</code> |<code>ID-SS</code> |Sumsel |[[Kota Palembang|Palembang]] |[[Herman Deru]] |15 Mei 1946<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tim Media Dinas Komunikasi dan Informasi Provinsi Sumatra Selatan|date=2020-05-15|title=Selamat HUT Provinsi Sumatera Selatan ke-74|url=http://www.sumselprov.go.id/pages/beritadetail/Selamat-HUT-Provinsi-Sumatera-Selatan-ke-74|website=SumselProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Sumatra Selatan|access-date=2022-03-29}}</ref> |13 |4 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of South Sumatra.svg|center|60px]] |- |7 | scope="row" |[[Bengkulu]] |<code>17</code> |<code>ID-BE</code> |Bengkulu |[[Kota Bengkulu|Bengkulu]] |[[Helmi Hasan]] |18 November 1968<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-01|title=Ini 2 Titik Pelaksanaan Puncak HUT ke 53 Provinsi Bengkulu|url=https://bengkuluprov.go.id/ini-2-titik-pelaksanaan-puncak-hut-ke-53-provinsi-bengkulu/|website=BengkuluProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Bengkulu|access-date=2022-03-29}}</ref> |9 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Bengkulu.svg|center|60px]] |- |8 | scope="row" |[[Lampung]] |<code>18</code> |<code>ID-LA</code> |Lampung |[[Kota Bandar Lampung|Bandar Lampung]] |[[Rahmat Mirzani Djausal]] |18 Maret 1964<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, dan Statistik Provinsi Lampung|first=|date=2016-05-29|title=Sejarah Lampung|url=https://www.lampungprov.go.id/pages/sejarah-lampung|website=LampungProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Lampung|access-date=2022-03-29|quote=Provinsi Lampung lahir pada tanggal 18 Maret 1964 dengan ditetapkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 31964 yang kemudian menjadi Undang-undang Nomor 14 tahun 1964.}}</ref> |13 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Lampung.svg|center|60px]] |- |9 | scope="row" data-sort-value="Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan" |[[Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|Hapuloan Bangka Belitung]] |<code>19</code> |<code>ID-BB</code> |Babel |[[Kota Pangkalpinang|Pangkalpinang]] |[[Hidayat Arsani]] |21 November 2000<ref>{{Cite web|last=Irnawati|date=2020-11-21|title=Hari Jadi ke-20 Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Momen Refleksi Untuk Lebih Maju|url=https://babelprov.go.id/hari-jadi-ke-20-provinsi-kepulauan-bangka-belitung-momen-refleksi-untuk-lebih-maju|website=BabelProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung|access-date=2022-03-29|archive-date=2022-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403222836/https://babelprov.go.id/hari-jadi-ke-20-provinsi-kepulauan-bangka-belitung-momen-refleksi-untuk-lebih-maju|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |6 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Bangka Belitung Islands.svg|center|60px]] |- |10 | scope="row" data-sort-value="Riau, Kepulauan" |[[Kepulauan Riau|Hapuloan Riau]] |<code>21</code> |<code>ID-KR</code> |Kepri |[[Kota Tanjungpinang|Tanjungpinang]] |[[Ansar Ahmad]] |24 September 2002<ref>{{Cite web|last=Novyana|date=2021-09-23|title=Ajak Masyarakat Hadiri Upacara Hari Jadi Kepri Secara Daring|url=https://kepriprov.go.id/home/berita/5982|website=KepriProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Kepulauan Riau|access-date=2022-03-16|archive-date=2022-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402090110/https://kepriprov.go.id/home/berita/5982|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |5 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Riau Islands.svg|center|60px]] |- | colspan="12" data-sort-value="zzz" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eee;" |[[Jawa]] |- |11 | scope="row" data-sort-value="Jakarta, Daerah Khusus " |[[Daerah Khusus Jakarta]] |<code>31</code> |<code>ID-JK</code> |DKI Jakarta | data-sort-value="-" | ''Dang adong'' |[[Pramono Anung]] |22 Juni 1527<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zulfikar|first=Fahri|date=2021-06-22|title=Ulang Tahun Jakarta 22 Juni: Sejarah hingga Kumpulan Ucapan untuk Diupload Di Medsos|url=https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-5614780/ulang-tahun-jakarta-22-juni-sejarah-hingga-kumpulan-ucapan-untuk-diupload-di-medsos|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-03-29}}</ref> |1 |5 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Jakarta.svg|center|60px]] |- |12 | scope="row" |[[Jawa Hasundutan|Jawa Pastima]] |<code>32</code> |<code>ID-JB</code> |Jabar |[[Kota Bandung|Bandung]] |[[Dedi Mulyadi]] |19 Agustus 1945<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jabar dalam Grafis: Sejarah Jawa Barat|url=https://jabarprov.go.id/infografis/#1|website=JabarProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat|access-date=2022-03-29|archive-date=2022-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402222535/https://jabarprov.go.id/infografis/#1|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |18 |9 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of West Java.svg|center|60px]] |- |13 | scope="row" |[[Jawa Tonga]] |<code>33</code> |<code>ID-JT</code> |Jateng |[[Kota Semarang|Semarang]] |[[Ahmad Luthfi]] |15 Agustus 1950<ref>[https://jatengprov.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/sejarah-hari-jadi-jateng.pdf Sejarah Singkat Hari Jadi Provinsi Jawa Tengah]. ''JatengProv''. Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah.</ref> |29 |6 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Central Java.svg|center|60px]] |- |14 | scope="row" data-sort-value="Yogyakarta, Daerah Istimewa" |[[Daerah Istimewa Jogjakarta|Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta]] |<code>34</code> |<code>ID-YO</code> |DIY |[[Kota Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]] |[[Hamengkubuwana X]] | data-sort-value="1 Januari 1001" |''Dang adong'' |4 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Yogyakarta.svg|center|60px]] |- |15 | scope="row" |[[Jawa Habinsaran]] |<code>35</code> |<code>ID-JI</code> |Jatim |[[Kota Surabaya|Surabaya]] |[[Khofifah Indar Parawansa]] |12 Oktober 1945<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil|url=https://jatimprov.go.id/profile|website=JatimProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Timur|access-date=2022-03-29|quote=Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Timur Nomor 6 Tahun 2007, tanggal 7 Agustus 2007, tentang Hari Jadi Provinsi Jawa Timur, menetapkan tanggal 12 Oktober 1945 sebagai Hari Jadi Provinsi Jawa Timur.}}</ref> |29 |9 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of East Java.svg|center|60px]] |- |16 | scope="row" |[[Banten]] |<code>36</code> |<code>ID-BT</code> |— |[[Kota Serang|Serang]] |[[Andra Soni]] |4 Oktober 2000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Banten Menuju Provinsi|url=https://www.bantenprov.go.id/profil-provinsi/sejarah-banten/banten-menuju-provinsi|website=BantenProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Banten|access-date=2022-03-29|archive-date=2022-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220402090104/https://www.bantenprov.go.id/profil-provinsi/sejarah-banten/banten-menuju-provinsi|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |4 |4 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Banten.svg|center|60px]] |- | colspan="12" data-sort-value="zzz" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eee;" |[[Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara|Nusa Tenggara]] |- |17 | scope="row" |[[Bali]] |<code>51</code> |<code>ID-BA</code> |— |[[Kota Denpasar|Denpasar]] |[[I Wayan Koster]] |14 Agustus 1958<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-13|title=Meriahkan Hari Jadi Perdana, PAKIS Bali Gelar Donor Darah|url=https://www.baliprov.go.id/web/meriahkan-hari-jadi-perdana-pakis-bali-gelar-donor-darah/|website=BaliProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Bali|access-date=2022-03-29}}</ref> |8 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Bali.svg|center|60px]] |- |18 | scope="row" |[[Nusa Tenggara Hasundutan]] |<code>52</code> |<code>ID-NB</code> |NTB |[[Kota Mataram|Mataram]] |[[Lalu Muhamad Iqbal]] |17 Desember 1958<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil Daerah|url=https://www.ntbprov.go.id/profil-daerah|website=NTBProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat|access-date=2022-03-29|quote=Keadaan yang tumpang tindih ini berlangsung hingga tanggal 17 Desember 1958, ketika Pemerintah Daerah Lombok dan Sumbawa di likuidasi. Hari likuidasi inilah yang menandai resmi terbentuknya Provinsi NTB.}}</ref> |8 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of West Nusa Tenggara.svg|center|60px]] |- |19 | scope="row" |[[Nusa Tenggara Habinsaran]] |<code>53</code> |<code>ID-NT</code> |NTT |[[Kota Kupang|Kupang]] |[[Emanuel Melkiades Laka Lena]] |20 Desember 1958<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wotan|first=Frans A.|date=2021-12-22|title=Gubernur Memberikan Penghargaan Kepada PNS Provinsi NTT dengan Nilai Indeks Profesionalitas Kategori Tertinggi dan Tinggi pada HUT NTT ke 63|url=https://bkd.nttprov.go.id/article/gubernur-memberikan-penghargaan-kepada-pns-provinsint-ntt-dengan-nilai-indeks|website=BKD NTTProv|publisher=Badan Kepegawaian Daerah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref> |21 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of Arms of East Nusa Tenggara NEW.png|center|60px]] |- | colspan="12" data-sort-value="zzz" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eee;" |[[Kalimantan]] |- |20 | scope="row" |[[Kalimantan Hasundutan]] |<code>61</code> |<code>ID-KB</code> |Kalbar |[[Kota Pontianak|Pontianak]] |[[Ria Norsan]] |28 Januari 1957<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sutiana|first=Wiwin|date=2022-01-31|title=Upacara HUT Pemprov Kalbar Ke-65, Gubernur Pinta ASN Untuk Bersemangat Mengabdi Membangun Daerah|url=https://kalbarprov.go.id/berita/upacara-hut-pemprov-kalbar-ke-65-gubernur-pinta-asn-untuk-bersemangat-mengabdi-membangun-daerah.html|website=KalbarProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref> |12 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of West Kalimantan.svg|center|60px]] |- |21 | scope="row" |[[Kalimantan Tonga]] |<code>62</code> |<code>ID-KT</code> |Kalteng |[[Kota Palangka Raya|Palangka Raya]] |[[Agustiar Sabran]] |23 Mei 1957<ref>{{Cite web|last=Biro Administrasi Pimpinan Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah|date=2021-05-23|title=Di Tengah Pandemi, Peringatan Hari Jadi ke-64 Provinsi Kalteng Digelar Sederhana dan Kedepankan Prokes|url=https://setda.kalteng.go.id/publikasi/detail/di-tengah-pandemi-peringatan-hari-jadi-ke-64-provinsi-kalteng-digelar-sederhana-dan-kedepankan-prokes|website=Setda Kalteng|publisher=Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref> |13 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Central Kalimantan.svg|center|60px]] |- |22 | scope="row" |[[Kalimantan Dangsina]] |<code>63</code> |<code>ID-KS</code> |Kalsel |[[Kota Banjarbaru|Banjarbaru]] |[[Muhidin]] |14 Agustus 1950<ref>{{Cite web|last=H.|first=Arief R.|date=2021-08-14|title=Peringati Hari Jadi Ke-71 Kalsel, Pj Gubernur Ajak Jadikan Momentum Berjuang Di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19|url=https://diskominfomc.kalselprov.go.id/2021/08/14/peringati-hari-jadi-kalsel-ke-71-pj-gubernur-ajak-jadikan-momentum-berjuang-di-tengah-pandemi-covid-19/|website=Media Center - Portal Berita Kalimantan Selatan|publisher=Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref> |11 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of South Kalimantan.svg|center|60px]] |- |23 | scope="row" |[[Kalimantan Habinsaran]] |<code>64</code> |<code>ID-KI</code> |Kaltim |[[Kota Samarinda|Samarinda]] |[[Rudy Mas'ud]] |9 Januari 1957<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-08|title=HUT Ke-62 Provinsi Kalimantan Timur|url=https://kaltimprov.go.id/berita/hut-ke-62-provinsi-kalimantan-timur|website=KaltimProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref> |7 |3 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of East Kalimantan.svg|center|60px]] |- |24 | scope="row" |[[Kalimantan Utara]] |<code>65</code> |<code>ID-KU</code> |Kaltara |[[Tanjung Selor, Bulungan|Tanjung Selor]] |[[Zainal Arifin Paliwang]] |25 Oktober 2012<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-25|title=Puncak Perayaan Jadi Momentum Kembalinya Hari Jadi Kaltara|url=https://diskominfo.kaltaraprov.go.id/puncak-perayaan-jadi-momentum-kembalinya-hari-jadi-kaltara/|website=Diskominfo KaltaraProv|publisher=Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, Statistik dan Persandian Provinsi Kalimantan Utara|access-date=2022-04-01}}</ref> |4 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of North Kalimantan (2021 version).svg|center|60px]] |- | colspan="12" data-sort-value="zzz" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eee;" |[[Sulawesi]] |- |25 | scope="row" |[[Sulawesi Utara]] |<code>71</code> |<code>ID-SA</code> |Sulut |[[Manado]] |[[Yulius Selvanus]] |23 September 1964<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-24|title=Upacara Puncak HUT ke-56 Provinsi Sulut Digelar|url=https://sulutprov.go.id/detailpost/upacara-puncak-hut-ke-56-provinsi-sulut-digelar|website=SulutProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara|access-date=2022-04-01}}</ref> |11 |4 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of North Sulawesi.svg|center|60px]] |- |26 | scope="row" |[[Sulawesi Tonga]] |<code>72</code> |<code>ID-ST</code> |Sulteng |[[Kota Palu|Palu]] |[[Anwar Hafid]] |23 September 1964<ref>[https://sultengprov.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/SEJARAH-SULTENG.pdf Sejarah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah]. ''SultengProv''. Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. "Pada tanggal 13 April 1964, untuk pertama kalinya diangkat Gubernur tersendiri Propinsi Sulawesi Tengah, sehingga tanggal ini pula diperingati sebagai hari ulang tahun propinsi ini hingga sekarang."</ref> |12 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Central Sulawesi.svg|center|60px]] |- |27 | scope="row" |[[Sulawesi Dangsina]] |<code>73</code> |<code>ID-SN</code> |Sulsel |[[Kota Makassar|Makassar]] |[[Andi Sudirman Sulaiman]] |19 Oktober 1669<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-19|title=Naskah Sejarah Ringkas Hari Jadi Sulawesi Selatan|url=https://sulselprov.go.id/welcome/post/naskah-sejarah-ringkas-hari-jadi-sulawesi-selatan|website=SulselProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan|access-date=2022-04-01|quote=}}</ref> |21 |3 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of South Sulawesi.svg|center|60px]] |- |28 | scope="row" |[[Sulawesi Anggoni]] |<code>74</code> |<code>ID-SG</code> |Sultra |[[Kota Kendari|Kendari]] |[[Andi Sumangerukka]] |27 April 1964<ref>{{Cite web|last=|title=Sejarah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara|url=https://www.sultraprov.go.id/?profile=history&ref=47e24c3d478701f77c44252d90bcd184|website=SultraProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara|access-date=2022-04-01|quote=Oleh karena itu tanggal 27 April 1964 adalah hari lahirnya Provinsi Daerah Tingkat I Sulawesi Tenggara yang setiap tahun diperingati.|archive-date=2022-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405090901/https://www.sultraprov.go.id/?profile=history&ref=47e24c3d478701f77c44252d90bcd184|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |15 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Southeast Sulawesi.svg|center|60px]] |- |29 | scope="row" |[[Gorontalo]] |<code>75</code> |<code>ID-GO</code> |— |[[Kota Gorontalo|Gorontalo]] |[[Gusnar Ismail]] |5 Desember 2000<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tentang Gorontalo|url=https://gorontaloprov.go.id/tentang_gorontalo/|website=GorontaloProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Gorontalo|access-date=2022-04-01|quote=Akhirnya setelah melalui perdebatan panjang, Pemerintah Provinsi Gorontalo resmi mengubah Hari Ulang Tahun Provinsi dari sebelumnya tanggal 16 Februari menjadi tanggal 5 Desember setelah disetujui oleh DPRD Provinsi Gorontalo pada sidang paripurna tanggal 19 Agustus 2015.}}</ref> |5 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Gorontalo.svg|center|60px]] |- |30 | scope="row" |[[Sulawesi Hasundutan]] |<code>76</code> |<code>ID-SR</code> |Sulbar |[[Mamuju]] |[[Suhardi Duka]] |22 September 2004<ref>{{Cite web|last=Biro Hubungan Masyarakat dan Protokol Provinsi Sulawesi Barat|date=2021-09-01|title=Perayaan HUT Sulbar Ke-17 Akan Dipusatkan di Buttu Ciping Tinambung|url=https://berita.sulbarprov.go.id/index.php/kegiatan/item/2976-perayaan-hut-sulbar-ke-17-akan-dipusatkan-di-buttu-ciping-tinambung|website=Berita SulbarProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Barat|access-date=2022-04-01|archive-date=2022-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406121608/https://berita.sulbarprov.go.id/index.php/kegiatan/item/2976-perayaan-hut-sulbar-ke-17-akan-dipusatkan-di-buttu-ciping-tinambung|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |6 |0 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of West Sulawesi.svg|center|60px]] |- | colspan="12" data-sort-value="zzz" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eee;" |[[Kepulauan Maluku|Maluku]] |- |31 | scope="row" |[[Maluku]] |<code>81</code> |<code>ID-MA</code> |Maluku |[[Kota Ambon|Ambon]] |[[Hendrik Lewerissa]] |19 Agustus 1945<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-08-19|title=Gubernur Pimpin Upacara HUT ke-76 Provinsi Maluku - Media Center|url=https://mediacenter.malukuprov.go.id/gubernur-pimpin-upacara-hut-ke-76-provinsi-maluku/|website=Media Center MalukuProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Maluku|access-date=2022-04-01}}</ref> |9 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Maluku.svg|center|60px]] |- |32 |[[Maluku Utara]] |<code>82</code> |<code>ID-MU</code> |Malut |[[Sopipi, Oba Utara, Tidore Kepulauan|Sopipi]] |[[Sherly Tjoanda]] |12 Oktober 1999<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-14|title=BKD Prov. Malut Sabet 2 Penghargaan Pada HUT Provinsi Ke-21|url=https://bkd.malutprov.go.id/arsip/69/bkd-prov.malut-sabet-2-penghargaan-pada-hut-provinsi-ke-21|website=BKD MalutProv|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Maluku Utara|access-date=2022-04-01}}</ref> |8 |2 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of North Maluku.svg|center|60px]] |- | colspan="12" data-sort-value="zzz" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eee;" |[[Papua (Indonesia)|Papua]] |- |33 | scope="row" |[[Papua]] |<code>91</code> |<code>ID-PA</code> |— |[[Kota Jayapura|Jayapura]] |[[Mathius D. Fakhiri]] |27 Desember 1949<ref>{{Cite web|title=27 Desember Ditetapkan Sebagai HUT Provinsi Papua|url=https://papua.go.id/view-detail-berita-5390/27-desember-ditetapkan-sebagai-hut-provinsi-papua.html|website=Papua|publisher=Pemerintah Provinsi Papua|access-date=2022-04-01}}</ref> |8 |1 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Papua 2.svg|center|60px]] |- |34 | scope="row" |[[Papua Hasundutan]] |<code>92</code> |<code>ID-PB</code> |Pabar |[[Manokwari (kota)|Manokwari]] |[[Dominggus Mandacan]] |12 Oktober 1999<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jess|date=2021-10-12|title=Upacara Peringatan Hut Ke-22 Provinsi Papua Barat|url=https://diskominfoperstatik.papuabaratprov.go.id/home/2021/10/12/upacara-peringatan-hut-ke-22-provinsi-papua-barat/|website=Diskominfoperstatik PapuaBaratProv|publisher=Dinas Komunikasi, Informatika, Persandian, dan Statistik Provinsi Papua Barat|access-date=2022-04-01}}</ref> |7 |0 |[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of West Papua.svg|center|60px]] |- |35 |[[Papua Dangsina]] |<code>93</code> |<code>ID-PS</code> |Pasel |[[Kabupaten Merauke|Merauke]] |[[Apolo Safanpo]] | data-sort-value="1 Januari 1001" |''Dang adong'' |4 |0 |[[Ugasan:Lambang Papua Selatan.png|center|60px]] |- |36 |[[Papua Tonga]] |<code>94</code> |<code>ID-PT</code> |Papteng |[[Kabupaten Nabire|Nabire]] |[[Meki Fritz Nawipa]] | data-sort-value="1 Januari 1001" |''Dang adong'' |8 |0 |[[Ugasan:Lambang Papua Tengah.png|center|60px]] |- |37 |[[Papua Dolok]] |<code>95</code> |<code>ID-PE</code> |Papeg |[[Kabupaten Jayawijaya|Jayawijaya]] |[[John Tabo]] | data-sort-value="1 Januari 1001" |''Dang adong'' |8 |0 |[[Ugasan:Lambang Papua Pegunungan.svg|center|60px]] |- |38 |[[Papua Nariti]] |<code>96</code> |— |PBD |[[Kota Sorong|Sorong]] |[[Elisa Kambu]] | data-sort-value="1 Januari 1001" |''Dang adong'' |5 |1 |[[Ugasan:Logo Papua Barat Daya1.png|center|60px]] |} ;Catatan<br /> :'''#)''' Undang-undang na mangatur status otonomi khusus sada luat otonom gabe daerah khusus.<br /> :'''$)''' Undang-undang na mengatur istimewa sada luat otonom gabe daerah istimewa. == Reperensi == {{reflist|2}} {{Luat administratip tingkat sada di Asia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Indonesia]] [[Horong:Luat administratip tingkat sada di Asia]] gx8qoi4zrde28g3xer1drz0lel9s1gw 0 860 18352 6858 2026-08-22T15:53:11Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18352 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Moioio Island 01.jpg|thumb|Gambar ni Pulo Moioio na maringanan di [[Selandia Baru]]]] '''Pulo''' i ma tano na adong di tongatonga ni aek songon di samudera, laut, tao dohot binanga jala gumelleng sian sada banua.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/island|title=island|website=Merriam-Webster Ditionary|language=en|access-date=2020-08-29}}</ref> Anggo punguan ni pigapiga pulo i ma dijou hapuloan ([[Hata Inggeris]] : ''archipelago''). ==Ragam ni pulo== [[Ugasan:Mont Saint-Michel en gros plan.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Mont Saint-Michel]] di [[Normandia]], [[Perancis]]]] [[Ugasan:Diamonds Thudufushi Beach and Water Villas, May 2017 -08.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Pulo karang di [[Maladewa]]]] [[Ugasan:Kansai closeup.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Bandara Kansai]] na dipature di atas ni sada pulo na tinompa di [[Japang]]]] ===Pulo kontinental (''continental islands'')=== Pulo kontinental i ma pulo na tarhubung tu sada banua salpu landas kontinen.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/island/#:~:text=There%20are%20six%20major%20kinds,Earth's%20shifting%20continents%20broke%20apart.|title=Island|website=National Geographic|language=en|access-date=2020-08-29}}</ref> Godang do pulo na umbalga di portibi on na tarmasuk tu ragam pulo-pulo kontinental.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/island|title=Island|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2020-08-30}}</ref> Umpamana, [[Greenland]] (840.000 mi² manang 2.175.000 km²), pulo na umbalga, i ma tarsiranghon sian banua [[Amerika Utara]] salpu laut na sompit.<ref name=":1" /> === Pulo tidal (''tidal islands'') === Pulo tidal i ma sada ragam ni pulo na tarhubung tu pogu ni luat (''mainland'') salpu tano na adong di toru ni [[aek pasang]].<ref name=":0" /> Sala sada ni pulo tidal i ma [[Mont Saint-Michel]] di [[Perancis]].<ref name=":0" /> === Pulo parik (''barrier islands'') === Pulo parik i ma tano na ganjang jala sompit di luat ni garis pante, na tinompa sian sedimentasi horsik, orbuk jala batu karengkel.<ref name=":0" /> Pulo nian gabe parlindungan ni pante sian erosi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Pulo Padre]] di [[Texas]], [[Amerika Serikat]] gabe pulo parik na gumanjang di portibi on.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/geology-and-oceanography/geology-and-oceanography/barrier-islands#:~:text=rocky%20Pacific%20Coast.-,Some%20of%20the%20better%20known%20barrier%20islands%20along%20the%20coast,%3B%20and%20Assateague%20Island%2C%20Maryland.|title=Barrier Island|website=Encycopedia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-09-10}}</ref> === Pulo na adong di samudera (''oceanic islands'') === Pulo na adong di samudera dijou do pe pulo vulkanik, na tinompa sian dolok na mapultak di dasar samudera.<ref name=":0" /> === Pulo karang (''coral islands'') === Pulo karang i ma pulo na tarbahen sian di aek na bonggor.<ref name=":0" /> === Pulo na tinompa (''artificial islands'') === Pulo nian i ma tinompaon ni jolma.<ref name=":0" /> Dibahen jolma do pulo na tinompa on dohot sipareakan na marbeda, songon gabe bandara, markas militer dohot lan na asing. Umpamana [[Bandara Kansai]] na dipature di atas ni pulo na tinompa di [[Japang]]. ==Pustaha== [[Horong:Geograpi]] [[Horong:Pulo]] <references />{{Authority control}} jcr1j3ssicb5ab7mqhqw45qtxth8hrg 0 861 18511 15494 2026-08-22T18:36:47Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18511 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Java Topography.png|200px|thumb|Topograpi ni Pulo Jawa]] [[Ugasan:Java_Locator.svg|200px|thumb|Pulo Jawadi bagasan [[Indonesia|Republik Indonesia]]]] '''Pulo Jawa''' i ma sada pulo na maringanan di Indonesia. Pulo nion i ma pulo na balgana pasapulutoluhon di portibi on. [[Jakarta]] i do kota na umbalga di Pulo Jawa. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] a1uirr31i36onvjb9yl35soznidbdzp 0 862 18295 15934 2026-08-22T14:09:04Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Hapuloan Riau |other_name = ''Kepulauan Riau'' |official_name = Propinsi Kepulauan Riau |type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] |image_shield = Coat of arms of Riau Islands.svg |image_flag = Flag of Riau Islands.svg |shield_size = 70px |flag_size = 70px |seal_alt = |nickname = |image_map = Riau Islands in Indonesia (special marker).svg |motto = Berpancang amanah, bersauh marwah<br/> ''Menjaga dan mempertahankan adat istiadat berlandaskan syara' guna menata masa depan yang lebih baik menuju cita-cita luhur untuk mencerdaskan dan menyejahterakan masyarakat'' |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = Huta sabungan |seat = [[Kota Tanjungpinang]] |governing_body = Gubernur Kepulauan Riau |leader_title = Gubernur |leader_name = Ansar Ahmad |leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur |leader_name2 = Marlin Agustina |unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 8201.72 |area_rank = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|33]] |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_max_point = |population_footnotes = <ref name="AGAMA"/> |population_total = 2133491 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |demographics_type1 = Demograpi |demographics1_footnotes = |demographics1_title1 = |demographics1_info1 = |demographics1_title2 = Agama (2022) |demographics1_info2 = [[Islam]] 78,33%<br> [[Kristen]] 14,53%<br>- [[Protestan]] 11,98%<br>- [[Katolik]] 2,55%<br> [[Buddha]] 6,93%<br> [[Konghucu]] 0,15%<br> [[Hindu]] 0,04%<br> Na asing 0,02%<ref name="AGAMA"/> |demographics1_title3 = Bahasa |demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi), [[Hata Malayu|Malayu]], dohot na asingna |timezone1 = [[Waktu Indonesia Barat]] |utc_offset1 = +07 |blank_name_sec1 = [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|IPM]] |blank_info_sec1 = [[Ugasan:Increase.svg|10px]] 76,46 (2022)<ref name="IPM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/494/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-menurut-provinsi.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Menurut Provinsi 2021-2022|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=30 Juli 2023}}</ref> |website = [http://www.kepriprov.go.id/ kepriprov.go.id] }} '''Hapuloan Riau''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Kepulauan Riau'') ima sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|porpinsi]] na adong di [[Indonesia]], na marbatasan tu nagara [[Singapura]] dohot [[Malaysia]]. Huta sabungan ni propinsi on, maringanan di [[Kota Tanjungpinang]]. Bahat ni jolma di propinsi on taon 2022, ima 2.133.491 halak.<ref name="AGAMA">{{Cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|website=satudata.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=30 Juli 2023}}</ref> == Demograpi == === Angka bangso === Angka bangso manang halak na asli na adong di propinsi Pulo Riau ima bangso [[Halak Melayu|Melayu]] dohot [[Halak Laut|Laut]]. Angka bangso na ro sian luat na asing dominan sian halak [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]], [[Halak Batak|Batak]], [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]], [[Halak Minangkabau|Minangkabau]], lobina ima halak [[Halak Bugis|Bugis]], [[Halak Toraja|Toraja]], [[Halak Sunda|Sunda]], [[Halak Banjar|Banjar]], dohot na asing na.<ref name="SUKU"/> Dibagasan [[Sensus Penduduk Indonesia 2010]], angka ragam ni bangso di propinsi on sian 1.672.891 halak, mayoritas halak [[Halak Melayu|Melayu]], dungi halak [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]], [[Halak Batak|Batak]], [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]], dohot [[Halak Minangkabau|Minang]].<ref name="SUKU">{{Cite web|url=http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|title=Kewarganegaraan Suku Bangsa, Agama, Bahasa 2010|website=demografi.bps.go.id|publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]|year=2010|format=PDF|accessdate=20 Oktober 2021|pages=23, 36-41|archive-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712140438/http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Di toru on ma, parbandingan angka bangso di propinsi Pulo Riau, hasil sensus taon 2010:<ref name="SUKU"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |No ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Bangso ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Bahatna<br> [[2010]] ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% |- | 1 | [[Halak Malayu|Malayu]] ! style="text-align: right;" | 501.061 ! style="text-align: right;" | 29,95% |- | 2 | [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 417.438 | style="text-align: right;" | 24,95% |- | 3 | [[Halak Batak|Batak]] | style="text-align: right;" | 208.678 | style="text-align: right;" | 12,48% |- | 4 | [[Halak Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | style="text-align: right;" | 162.452 | style="text-align: right;" | 9,71% |- | 5 | [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 128.704 | style="text-align: right;" | 7,69% |- | 6 | [[Halak Sunda|Sunda]] | style="text-align: right;" | 49.419 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,95% |- | 7 | Sian [[Nusa Tenggara Timur|NTT]] | style="text-align: right;" | 37.165 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,22% |- | 8 | [[Halak Bugis|Bugis]] | style="text-align: right;" | 37.124 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,22% |- | 9 | Sian [[Sumatra Dangsina]] | style="text-align: right;" | 32.941 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,97% |- | 10 | [[Halak Aceh|Aceh]] | style="text-align: right;" | 11.839 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,71% |- | 11 | [[Halak Banjar|Banjar]] | style="text-align: right;" | 11.811 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,71% |- | 12 | Bangso na asing | style="text-align: right;" | 74.259 | style="text-align: right;" | 4,44% |- ! ! Pulo Riau ! style="text-align: right;" | 1.672.891 ! style="text-align: right;" | 100% |- |} === Ugamo === Sian data Kementerian Dalam Negeri tanggal 31 Desember [[2022]] manurat molo mayoritas halak Pulo Riau marugamo [[Islam]]. Adong pe persentase ugamo halak di Pulo Riau ima [[Islam]] bahatna 78,33%, dungi [[Kristen|Protestan]] bahatna 11,98%, [[Agama Buddha|Buddha]] bahatna 6,93%, [[Katolik]] bahatna 2,55%, [[Konghucu]] bahatna 0,15%, [[Hindu]] bahatna 0,04% dohot ugamo leluhur bahatna 0,02%.<ref name="AGAMA"/> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Sumatera]] tspda0kwttit5931l762zkhdyolmoax 0 866 18441 15366 2026-08-22T16:44:42Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:World_Health_Organization_Logo.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|Logo ni Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] '''Punguan Hahisaron Portibi''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia''; [[Hata Inggris|Inggris]]: ''World Health Organization'' dipapendek '''WHO'''), i ma sada punguan ni [[Perserikatan Bangso-Bangso|Pardomuan Bangso Bangso]] mangkoordinator sude sistem kesehatan internasional na markantor pusat di [[Jenewa]], [[Swiss]]. WHO dipajonjong PBB tanggal [[7 April]] [[1948]].<ref>[https://www.who.int/about About WHO], www.who.int, Diakses tanggal 14 Januari 2022</ref> Direktur Jendral saonnari margoar [[Tedros Adhanom]] (manjabat sian 1 Juli 2017 nasalpu). == Sarita == Tujuan utama ni WHO ima "Asa sude jolma di portibi on boi mandapothon kasehatan naumdenggan jala WHO boi mambasmi sude angka sahit khususna sahit na boi manular tu angka jolma na asing. == Siulahon & Aktipitas == Angka sahit na diurus ni WHO, ima songon sahit [[SARS]] , [[Malaria]] , [[Tuberkulosis]] , [[flu babi|Flu Babi]] dan [[AIDS]] , WHO gabe sponsor sanga na mandukung sude program-program sahit na manular.. {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Daptar Direktur Jenderal WHO !Nr !Goar !Negara !Lelengna <ref>[http://www.who.int/dg/emeriti/en/ Direktur Jenderal WHO]</ref> |- style="background:#ddffee" |9 |Amanta [[Tedros Adhanom]] |[[Etiopia|Ethiopia]] |'''2017–sadarion''' |- |8 |Inanta [[Margaret Chan]] |[[Hong Kong]] |2007–2017 |- |7 |Amanta [[Anders Nordström]] |[[Swedia]] |2006–2007, satongkin |- |6 |Mr. [[Lý Chung Úc|Lee Jong-wook]] |[[Korea Dangsina]] |2003–2006 (22/5/2006) |- |5 |Mrs. [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]] |[[Norwegia]] |1998–2003 |- |4 |Mr. [[Hiroshi Nakajima]] |[[Japang]] |1988–1998 |- |3 |Mr. [[Halfdan T. Mahler]] |[[Denmark]] |1973–1988 |- |2 |Mr. [[Marcolino Gomes Candau]] |[[Brasil]] |1953–1973 |- |1 |Mr. [[Brock Chisholm]] |[[Kanada]] |1948–1953 |} == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Organisasi Internasional]] 0tan4m958uo992tsef665nm6jbznm4j 0 881 18342 9298 2026-08-22T15:50:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18342 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Montaje_Rosario_01.jpg|thumb|200px|Rosario, Santa Fe]] '''Rosario''' i ma sada [[kota]] na maringanan di [[Argentina]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 178,69 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 1.276.000 halak (2012). ==Pustaha== {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Kota di Argentina]] g0mwpr6kqffleitn64ttr9i7213f3bz 0 883 18343 6975 2026-08-22T15:50:14Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18343 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Salta-VallesCalchaquies-P3140151.JPG|200px|thumb|[[Rura Calchaquí]] di [[Argentina]]]] [[Ugasan:Baemsagol MS3812.JPG|200px|thumb|Rura Baemsagol di [[Korea Dangsina]]]] '''Rura''' i ma tano na bidang di tonga ni dolokdolok. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Geograpi]] qfkn29dkfcrj16f27btrgtl0s82gnbw 0 891 18181 12421 2026-08-22T13:36:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:SpottedSalamander.jpg|thumb|Salamander]] [[Ugasan:Cypron-Range Caudata.svg|thumb|kanan|Peta hangoluan ni Salamander]] '''Salamander''' ima panggoaran na somal tu hira-hira 550 spesies [[amfibi]] di portibi on.<ref name=Blackburn2011>Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B.[http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/zt03148p055.pdf Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness - Volume 3148] (2011), Zootaxa, alaman 39-55, Diakses tanggal 10 Februari 2022</ref> Angka horong ni Salamander on tompa na haira sarupo tu angka na asingna haira [[Ilik]], ganjang jala lihi pamatangnya, pendek igungna (simanganggo na), dohot ihurna ganjang. Sude spesies Salamander na adong saonari dipamasuk ma tu golongan '''Urodela'''.<ref name="larson">Larson, A. and W. Dimmick (1993) [Phylogenetic relationships of the salamander families: an analysis of the congruence among morphological and molecular characters - Volume 7], Herpetological Monographs, alaman 77–93, doi=10.2307/1466953, jstor=1466953, 10 Februari 2022</ref> Salamander somalna adong opat jarijari di pat na di jolo, dohot lima jarijari di pat na di pudi. Sisik ni Salamander lembap alai i, umbahatan maringanan tu inganan na jonok tu aek, manang inganan nan laung sanga maraek. Asong muse spesies Salamander na mangolu di aek disaluhut ni ngoluna, adong na holan satongkin, adong museng na mangolu di tano datar tingki dung magodang. Salamander on [[vertebrata]] na boi patubuhon bagian ni pamatangna na mago manang sego gabe mengolu museng. Misalna, molo mago manang sego ihurna, boi ma museng dipatubuhon museng.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6679358/ ''Model systems for regeneration: salamanders''], www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Diakses 10 Februari 2022</ref> Molo di hata Indonesia didokma i ''Regenerasi'' manang ''menumbuhkan kembali''. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] e2wynmfw2ft4rvqsgrji3vsr7501tig 0 892 18182 12534 2026-08-22T13:37:35Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Coat of Arms of Salekhard (Yamal Nenetsia).png|200px|right|thumb|Partanda ni Kota Salekhard]] [[Ugasan:Polar circle monument (08).jpg|200px|right|thumb|Tugu [[Bundar Kutub]] di Salekhard]] '''Salekhard''' ([[Hata Rusia]]: Салеха́рд; [[Hata Khanty]]: Пуӆңават, ''Pułñawat''; [[Hata Nenets]]: Саляʼ харад, ''Salja’ harad'') i ma sada kota di [[Rusia]] jala pusok pamarentahon ni [[Okrug Otonom Yamalo-Nenets]]. Disalpui [[Bundar Arktik]] do kota Salekhard nian, bagian pusokna maringanan di hirahira sada kilometer di dangsina ni Bundar Arktik huhut luat ''sub-urban'' maringanan di utara ni Bunda Arktik.<br> Ditompaon di taon 1595 do kota Salekhard nian, jala gabe sada kota di taon 1938.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Salekhard|title=Salekhard|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|access-date=22 Juli 2021}}</ref> Parjolo kota nian dijou '''''Obdorsk''''', sahat tu taon 1933.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Salekhard|title=Salekhard|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|access-date=22 Juli 2021}}</ref> ==Demograpi== On ma komposisi ni angka puak na maringanan di Salekhard (marbingkas sian data di taon 2010):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213134808/http://yamalstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/yamalstat/resources/593234804fe77fe9be05ffd8c740ec4f/8_%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95+%D0%9F%D0%9E+%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%98+%D0%98+%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%90%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AE+%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%9C+%D0%AF%D0%97%D0%AB%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9C+%D0%9F%D0%9E+%D0%9C%D0%9E.pdf|title=ВПН том 4. Таблица 4. Население по национальности и владению русским языком по муниципальным образованиям Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа|website=Yamalstat|access-date=22 Juli 2021}}</ref> * [[Halak Rusia]] - 65% * [[Halak Tatar]] - 9% * [[Halak Ukraina]] - 6,2% * [[Halak Khanty]] - 3.3% * [[Halak Nenets]] - 3% * [[Halak Komi]] - 2.7% * [[Halak Kyrgyz]] - 1% * Puak na asing - 9.8% ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Rusia-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Utara]] [[Horong:Rusia]] [[Horong:Kota di Rusia]] qej744pjn4hnug2ho1fad3l2jspfabl 0 894 18183 17436 2026-08-22T13:37:51Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18183 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #efefef; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Nagara Independen Samoa'''<br>'''''Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Sāmoa'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Samoa.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Public Seal of Samoa.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Motto :<br>''Faʻavae i le Atua Sāmoa''<br> "Ditompa Debata do Samoa i" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>[[O le fuʻa o le saʻolotoga o Samoa|''O le fuʻa o le saʻolotoga o Samoa'']] <br> "Mandera haluaon" |- |align="center" width="140px"| |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Samoa on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Samoa |} '''Samoa''', goar resmina '''Nagara Independen Samoa''' ([[hata Samoa]] : ''Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Sāmoa'', [[hata Inggeris]] : ''Independent State of Samoa'') i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Oseania]]. Adong do pulo na balga di Samoa i ma [[Pulo Upolu]] dohot [[Pulo Savai'i]], dua pulo na gelleng i ma [[Pulo Manono]] dohot [[Pulo Apolima]], huhut pigapiga pulo gelleng na so tinadinghon, tarmasuk pe di [[Hapuloan Aleipata]] ([[Pulo Nu'utele]], [[Pulo Nu'ulua]], [[Pulo Fanuatapau]] dohot [[Pulo Namua]]). Sahat tu taon 1997, Samoa jinou '''Samoa Hasundutan''' '''(''Western Samoa'')'''.<ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Samoa-island-nation-Pacific-Ocean "Encyclopaedia Britannica" Samoa] dibungka di ari 4 Agustus 2020</ref> Huta sabunganna maringanan di [[Apia]] di Pulo Upolu.<ref name=":0" /> ==Luat administratip== Adong do sampulu sada luat manang ''itūmālō'' di Samoa. Di ganup luat ni Samoa marnampunahon konstitusina sandiri (''fa'avae'') na marbingkas sian adat ni punguan na maringanan di ganup luat nian (''faalupega'').<ref>[http://www.samoagovt.ws/about-samoa/| Situs ni Pamarentah Nagara Independen Samoa] dibungka di ari 25 Mei 2021</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+''Itūmālō'' ni Samoa ! colspan="4" align="center"| [[Ugasan:Samoa District borders (numbered).png|600px|Political Districts of Samoa]] |- ! No. || Luat || Huta Sabungan || Bidang ni luat (km²) |- ! colspan="4" align="center"| '''[[Pulo Opolu|Polu Opolu]]''' (tarmasuk pe angka pulo na gelleng) |- | 1 || [[Tuamasaga]] || [[Afega]] || align="right"|479 |- | 2 || [[A'ana]] || [[Leulumoega]] || align="right"|193 |- | 3 || [[Aiga-i-le-Tai]]¹⁾ || [[Mulifanua]] || align="right"|27 |- | 4 || [[Atua]]²⁾ || [[Lufilufi]] || align="right"|413 |- | 5 || [[Va'a-o-Fonoti]] || [[Samamea]] || align="right"|38 |- ! colspan="4" align="center"| '''[[Pulo Savai'i|Polu Savai'i]]''' |- | 6 || [[Fa'asaleleaga]] || [[Safotulafai]] || align="right"|266 |- | 7 || [[Gaga'emauga]]³⁾ || [[Saleaula]] || align="right"|223 |- | 8 || [[Gaga'ifomauga]] || [[Aopo]] || align="right"|365 |- | 9 || [[Vaisigano]] || [[Asau]] || align="right"|178 |- | 10 || [[Satupa'itea]] || [[Satupa'itea]] || align="right"|127 |- | 11 || [[Palauli]] || [[Vailoa]] || align="right"|523 |- ! !! align="left"|'''[[Samoa]]''' !! align="left"|'''[[Apia]]''' !! align="right"|2.831 |- | colspan="4" align="left"|¹⁾ tarmasuk pe [[Pulo Manono]], [[Pulo Apolima]] dohot [[Pulo Nu'ulopa]] |- | colspan="4" align="left"|²⁾ tarmasuk pe [[Hapuloan Aleipata]] dohot [[Pulo Nu'usafe'e]] |- | colspan="4" align="left"|³⁾ Luat ''exclave'' ni [[Salamumu]] dohot [[Le'auva'a]] di [[Pulo Opolu|Polu Opolu]] |- |} ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Oseania-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Oseania]] [[Horong:Polinesia]] 27n51f56054qlmdxrlaxr7dnqm8epii 0 902 18484 7092 2026-08-22T17:07:17Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18484 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Sayaun Thunga Phulka'''<br>'''सयौँ थुँगा फूलका'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Republic of nepal anthem notes.png|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Siguriton ni logu habangsoan Nepal |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka (instrumental).ogg|140px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Musik ni ''Sayaun Thunga Phulka'' |- |} '''Sayaun Thunga Phulka''' manang '''Sayaun Thunga Phool Ka''' ([[Hata Nepali]]:सयौँ थुँगा फूलका, "''Ratusan Bunga''") i ma logu habangsoan ni [[Nepal]]. Lirik ni logu Sayaun Thunga Phulka dibahen sian puisi ni Pradeep Kumar Rai, alias [[Byakul Maila]]. Musik ni logu nian dibahen [[Amber Gurung]]. == Lirik == === Hata Nepali === {| class="wikitable" ! [[Surat Dewanagari]] ! Transliterasi |- |<poem>𝄆 सयौं थुँगा फूलका हामी, एउटै माला नेपाली सार्वभौम भई फैलिएका, मेची-महाकाली। 𝄇 प्रकृतिका कोटि-कोटि सम्पदाको आँचल वीरहरूका रगतले स्वतन्त्र र अटल। ज्ञानभूमि, शान्तिभूमि, तराई, पहाड, हिमाल अखण्ड यो प्यारो हाम्रो मातृभूमि नेपाल। बहुल जाति, भाषा, धर्म, संस्कृति छन् विशाल अग्रगामी राष्ट्र हाम्रो, जय जय नेपाल।। </poem> |<poem>𝄆 Sayaű thűgā phūlkā hāmī, euṭai mālā nepālī Sārvabhaum bhai phailiekā, Mecī-Mahākālī. 𝄇 Prakṛtikā koṭi-koṭi sampadāko ā̃cala, Vīrharūkā ragatale, svatantra ra aṭala. Gyānabhūmi, śāntibhūmi Tarāī, Pahāḍ, Himāla Akhaṇḍa yo pyāro hāmro mātṛibhūmi Nepāla. Bahul jāti, bhāṣā, dharma, sãskṛti chan viśāla Agragāmī rāṣṭra hāmro, jaya jaya Nepāla. </poem> |- |} === Lapatan di [[hata Batak Toba]] === <poem>𝄆 Panutan ni ratusan bunga, songon nagaranami Nepal Mardaulat sian Mechi tu Mahakali. 𝄇 So tarbatas do hamoraon ni tanona, Parbue ni haluaon sian panghophopon dohot habaranion. Tano parbinotoan dohot pardamean, adaran, buhit dohot dolok na timbo So tarsirang, tano haholongannami, Nepal tano hagodangan Ragam do ras, parhataan, ugamo, dohot adat na sumalim Humusor maju do bangsonta, uarar ma Nepal </poem> == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu habangsoan]] 7fpmwgs61clgwgp10cz7yq19yuh82qa 0 903 18185 12949 2026-08-22T13:41:10Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18185 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Selandia na Imbaru'''<br>'''''New Zealand'''''<br>'''''Aotearoa'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of New Zealand.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>[[God Defend New Zealand|''God Defend New Zealand'']] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:God Defend New Zealand instrumental.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:New Zealand map.PNG|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Selandia na Imbaru |} '''Selandia na Imbaru''' ([[Hata Inggeris]] : ''New Zealand'') i ma sada nagara namarjonok tu [[Australia]]. Pusok pamarentana adong di [[Wellington]], kota naumbalga adong di [[Auckland]]. Lapatan ni Selandia na Imbaru molo dilajojor tu hata asli ni luat on, i ma [[Hata Maori]] didok ma i "''Aetearoa''" lapatanna muse "Tano marombun na bontar" ([[hata Indonesia]] dijaha "''Tanah Berawan Putih''"). Di taon 2020, adong ma 5.064.361 halak namaringanan dison. Dung i, adong ma 74% hangsaanna sian halak [[Eropa]], dung i adong koum asli 15% ima halak Maori. Angka na asing muse, adong 11% halak [[Asia]], tarmasuk ma sian [[Indonesia]], [[Pilipina]], sanga pe [[Pietnam]], [[Thailand]], [[Korea]], [[Malaysia]], [[Japang]], dohot [[Sina]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Oseania-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Australasia]] [[Horong:Oseania]] m7ox5o3q2zqdnp77b4md5xfrk6vo0bk 0 905 18186 12397 2026-08-22T13:41:11Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18186 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Serbia'''<br />'''''Република Србија'''''</big></big> | colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Serbia.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia.svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan:<br />[[Боже правде]]<br />(Hata Batak Toba: Debata ni Hatigoran) |- | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Serbian_national_anthem,_instrumental.oga]] |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" |[[Ugasan:Europe-Serbia (2006–2008).svg|300x300px]] |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Serbia di Eropa (Ijo Matua) | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Kosopo na di alualuhon (Ijo) |} '''Serbia''' adong ma nagara na tarampe di [[Eropa]], tumangkas di Balkan, bidangna sabalga 88,361 km². Serbia marbalok dohot Kosopo, Makedonia, dohot Montenegro di Dangsina, di Timur Serbia marbalok dohot Romania, dohot Bulgaria, di Utara marbalok dohot [[Hungaria]], dohot di Barat marbalok dohot Bosnia & Herjegopina, dohot Hroasia, Serbia ndang adong akses tu Laut na mambahen Serbia gabe Nagara na ''Landlocked''. == Sarita == Nagara Serbia na Modern sorang di taon 1817 di tingki [[Pamborontakhon Serbia Paduahon]], Di pudi [[Porang Portibi II]], Serbia gabe nagara [[Republik Pederal Sosialis Jugoslapia]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Eropa]] 4rlzq0s5xlih8la8xdtau5dg6uu96fa 0 924 18517 15767 2026-08-22T18:38:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18517 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Sigale-gale-face.jpg|thumb|upright|Patung Sigale Gale]] '''Sigale Gale''' manang '''Si Gale-Gale''' sangape '''Sigalegale''' ima sada [[patung]] hau martompa manisia na dipangke ritual halak Batak Toba tingki mangubur jolma na mate di [[Pulo Samosir|Samosir]], propinsi [[Sumatera Utara|Sumatra Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Hata ''Sigale Gale'' on rina sian hata “''gale''” astuanna ima "gale, heu, lepe" (lemah, lesu, lunglai).<ref name=":3">[https://regional.kompas.com/read/2021/07/11/063600278/mengenal-sigale-gale-boneka-kayu-asal-samosir-ada-sejak-400-tahun-lalu Mengeal Sigale Gale, Boneka Kayu Asal Samosir, Ada Sejak 400 Tahun Lalua], ''www.regional.kompas.com'', Diakses tanggal 22 Januari 2022</ref> ''Sigale Gale'' on tarbarita do tu angka [[turis]] sian ruar negeri. == Adat Batak di Samosir == Sigale gale on ima songon boneka nadipature jala dibahen marbahan hau, tompana suman songon manisia. Adong tali dipudi sigale gale naboi mandasdasna asa boi humusor-usor. Tali nai dipadomu di bagian simanjujungna dohot botohonna, dungi adong ma jolma dipudina na mangusor sigale gale on. Saonari, Sigale gale gabe sada opera di Samosir mangihut manarik angka wisatawan ro tu Samosir gabe pamajuhon pariwisata di Samosir. Alai, opera sigale gale sasahli do boi dijumpangi, ima di paradaton lumobi adong namate di Samosir.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211205173208/https://petabudaya.belajar.kemdikbud.go.id/Repositorys/si_gale_gale/ Si Gale Gale], ''www.petabudaya.belajar.kemdikbud.go.id'', Diakses tanggal 22 Januari 2022</ref> == Turiturian == [[Ugasan:Tari_Sigale-gale_Pulau_Samosir.jpg|thumb|left|Tari Sigale-gale di Museum Huta Bolon Simanindo, Pulau Samosir, Sumatra Utara, Indonesia]] Sigale-gale ima sada patung hau topana songon jolma, na adong i adat halak Batak Toba, na maringanan di [[Pulo Samosir|Samosir]]. Hata Sigale gale rona sian hata “gale”, astuanna ima "lemah" molo di hata [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]. Adong angka sarita di halak Batak Toba, mulani adong patung sigale gale on.<ref name="GALE">Lumbantobing, Jeremia S.T. (13 Nopember 2019). [https://www.academia.edu/41096226/Mengenal_Sigalegale Mengenal Sigale Gale], www.academia.edu, Pematangsiantar, Diakses tanggal 22 Januari 2022</ref> Diangka sarita na jotjot dihataon, mulana ima sian hangoluan ni sada natua-tua (''orang tua'') najolo. Ditingki nasalpu, adong natua-tua nunga marpulu taon mangolu, alai dang adong dope anak manang gellengna baoa (''laki-laki''). Anak baoa dijou Raja do tingki i. Di halak Batak, ingkon baoa do naboi patorushon marga. Alani dang adong gellengna baoa, gabe lungunma hangoluanna dihatobangan nai.<ref name="GALE"/> Dung i, adongma sada pamingkiran dinatua-tua i, asa adong naboi mandongani nasida. Ima pamingkiranna naeng mambahen sada patung sian hau, tompana suman tu ibana. Jala lao ma natua-tua i tu binanga manang sunge, markassa ma di binanga i nasida. Dibahen nasida ma patung suman songon nasida, digorga ma patung sigale gale naingkon gabe donganna haduan.<ref name="GALE"/> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Batak]] <references />{{Authority control}} mfiwklmblgqwie02ydld5oz1ge46xnj 0 942 18190 16951 2026-08-22T13:41:18Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18190 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik ni Halak Sina'''<br>''' 中华人民共和国'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>[[Horong ni Parhalado]] (义勇军进行曲;<br>pinyin : ''Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqú'') |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:March of the Volunteers instrumental.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:LocationChina.png|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Sina |} '''Sina''' ([[hata Mandarin]] : 中国; [[pinyin]] : ''Zhōngguó'', [[hata Indonesia]] : ''Republik Rakyat Tiongkok''), goar resmina '''Republik ni Halak Sina''' (hata Mandarin : 中华人民共和国; pinyin : ''Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó'') i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Asia Purba]]. Sina i ma nagara na gumodang jolmana di portibi on, adong do 1.428 miliar populasina di taon 2017. Bidang ni nagara Sina hira-hira 9.600.000 kilometer persegi (3.700.000 mil persegi), mambahen nagara ni an gabe nagara patoluhon na ummbalga molo diida sian bidang ni luatna. [[Partai Komunis Sina]] do sigomgom nagara Sina na tardiri sian 22 propinsi, lima luat otonomi ([[Xinjiang]], [[Tibet]], [[Mongolia Julu]], [[Ningxia]] dohot [[Guangxi]]), opat munisilapitas ([[Beijing]], [[Chongqing]], [[Shanghai]] dohot [[Tianjin]]) jala luat administratif khusus ([[Hongkong]] dohot [[Makau]]). Huta sabungan ni Sina maringanan di [[Beijing]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}} {{commons|Category:China}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] 7sgo5huagz9m8mnkkije2jbdr81p3d1 0 948 18367 15748 2026-08-22T16:15:00Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18367 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:US Navy 090606-N-5650M-004 Fire Controlman 2nd Class Christopher Sabens, stationed on USS Forrest Sherman (DDG 98), shoots a goal.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Dua halak marbal di adaran bola (''lapangan bola'')]] '''Sipak bola''' sanga '''Sipak bal''' (Hata [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Sepak bola'': [[Hata Inggeris|Inggoris]]: ''Football'', sanga ''Soccer''), ima sada dangka ni [[olahraga]] na mamangke [[bola]], dimaenhon dua tim namarisi 11 halak anggota di saganup tim, jala adong museng anggota panolangi, naingkon manggonti anggota na loja sanga digontihon namangajari (pelatih). Masuk tu abat pa-21, olahraga on nunga dimaenhon lobi sian 250 juta halak di 200 nagara, lumobi di nagara namarlomo ni roha tu olahraga sipak bola on.<ref name=EB>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/550852/football ''Overview of Soccer''], www.britannica.com, Encyclopædia Britannica, diakses 31 Mei 2021</ref><ref>Guttman, Allen; Eric Dunning, Joseph A. Maguire, Robert E. Pearton. [http://books.google.com/books?id=tQY5wxQDn5gC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=world's+most+popular+team+sport&source=web&ots=6ns3wVUEGV&sig=SZPKYSDMJBrO1uV4mPxNbKyAuJY#PPA129,M1 ''The Sports Process: A Comparative and Developmental Approach'' (1993)], Human Kinetics-Champaign, ISBN: 0-88011-624-2, alaman 129, Bab: ''The Diffusion of Sports and the Problem of Cultural Imperialism'', diakses 31 Mei 2021</ref> Sangkap lopok ni sipak bola on, ima mandapothon bilangan [[gol]] sagodang-godangna, pamasukkon bola tu [[gawang]] ni lawan. Sipak bola on sumalna dimaenhon di dalam [[adaran]] tarbungka, tompana marsuhisuhi opat, adong [[duhut]]na, sanga pe mamangke duhut sintetis. == Pustaha == [[Horong:Olahraga]] <references />{{Authority control}} 2ddfopyxwhkz2512lv85yeekk805s49 0 951 18526 16693 2026-08-22T18:44:41Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18526 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Sisingamangaraja XII.jpg|thumb|upright|kanan|Gambar ni Sisingamangaraja XII nadibahen Augustin Sibarani, jala adong di hepeng [[Indonesia]] Rp 1.000]] {{Goar Batak|[[Halak Batak Toba|Toba]]|[[Sinambela]]}} '''Sisingamangaraja XII''' (tubu di [[Baktiraja, Humbang Hasundutan|Bangkara]], 18 Pebruari 1845 - monding di [[Kabupaten Dairi|Dairi]], 17 Juni 1907) i ma sada [[raja]] na hea mangolu di Tano Batak, halobian di tano halak [[Batak Toba|Toba]], Propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Nasida ma ingkon sada ulubalang na dohot malawan [[Bolanda]] ditingki maso panjajahan taon i. Topet di tanggal 9 Nopember 1961, ditabalhon pamarinta [[Indonesia]] gabe ulubalang ([[Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia]]) marhitehite SK Presiden RI No 590/1961. Dimulani hamateanna, Sisingamangaraja XII dikubur di [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]], Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara, dung i dipapindama tu [[Soposurung, Balige]] taon 1953.<ref name="Sidjabat">Sidjabat, Bonar W. Prof. Dr. (2007), ''Ahu Sisingamangaraja'', Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan, ISBN 979-416-896-7.</ref> Tingki gelleng, panjouan ni Sisingamangaraja XII i ma '''Patuan Bosar''', dungi i adong ma panjouan mangaraja gabe Ompu Pulo Batu. Nasida muse tinanda panjouanna i ma '''Patuan Bosar Ompu Pulo Batu''', manggontihon amangna i ma Ompu Sohahuon, Sisingamangaraja XI, taon [[1876]]. Dung ditabalhon Sisingamangaraja XII gabe maharaja di tano Toba, ditingki i muse ingkon dibungka ''open door policy'' ([[hata Indonesia]]: ''politik pintu terbuka'') dohot [[Bolanda]]. Alana Bolanda naeng jumaga bisnis na di [[Hindia Bolanda]], dohot ndang olo manandatangani ''Korte Verklaring'' ([[hata Indonesia]]: ''perjanjian pendek'') di [[Sumatera]], lumobi tu [[Kesultanan Aceh]] dohot [[Batak Toba|Toba]], alani dua harajaon on mamungka parboniagaan dohot bangso [[Eropa]] na asingna. == Porang mangalo Bolanda (Sibontar mata) == [[Ugasan:Indonesia 1987 1000r o.JPG|thumb|kanan|Sisimangaraja XII dihepeng [[Indonesia]] RP 1.000]] Di taon 1824, marpadanma ma Bolanda dohot Inggeris, i ma goarna [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]], Inggeris mangalehon sude tano habangsaonna di Sumatera tu bangso Bolanda. Dung Bolanda manghuasoi Sumatera, taon 1873 Bolanda mambahen porang tantara dohot harajon Aceh ([[Porang Aceh]]). Dipatorusma porang di tano Batak taon 1878. Angka raja Batak na Kristen, manjalo haroroan ni pasukan Hindia Bolanda, alai raja Bakara i ma Sisingamangaraja dang mangaloas, alani adong parkoumanna dohot Aceh. Ima dalanna gabe adong porang mangalo Bolanda ditingki i.<ref name="Aji">Ajisaka, Arya, (2010), ''Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia'', Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka, ISBN 978-979-757-278-5.</ref> Taon 1877, angka pandita (misionaris) na adong di Silindung dohot Bahal Batu, mangido pangurupion sian Bolanda alanan naeng diburlak Singamangaraja XII. Dung i, Bolanda dohot angka pandita buhul manaroso sude harajaon ni Sisingamangaraja XII dohot sude huta di tano Toba. Jala tanggal 6 Pebruari 1878, tantara ni Bolanda sahat di Pearaja, inganan ni pandita [[Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen|Ingwer Ludwig Nommensen]] (lumobi ditanda "Nommensen"). Haroroan ni angka tantara on, gabe mambahen muruk Sisingamangaraja XII, didok nasida ma ''pulas'' (porang), mangalo Bolanda ditanggal 16 Pebruari 1878.<ref name="Aji"/> Huta Bakara boi dihalahala Singamangaraja XII, alai sahat tu bulan Desember 1878, marpiga huta boi dihuasoi Bolanda, songon huta Butar, Lobu Siregar, Naga Saribu, Huta Ginjang, dohot huta Gurgur. Dungi, Sisingamangaraja XII mandapot pangurupion sian [[kesultanan Aceh]], mangalo Bolanda sian Uluan dohot Balige, di bulan Mei [[1883]], dohot Tangga Batu taon [[1884]].<ref name="Aji"/> == Patundal ugamo ni Sisingamangaraja XII == [[Ugasan:Si Singamangaraja Seal.jpg|thumb|upright|kanan|Cap Mohor Sisingamangaraja XII<br>Dijaha "''Ahu sasap Tuwana si Sangamangaraja tiyan Bagara''"]] Marningot tu ugamo ni Sisingamangaraja XII, gabe sada patundal (kontroversi). Ugamo ni Sisingamangajara XII i ma [[Parmalim]], ugamo manang haporseaan ni halak Batak tingki so masuk [[Kristen]] dohot [[Silom]]. Alai, adong surirang namandok molo Sisingamangaraja XII nunga masuk Silom hira-hira taon 1880-an. Naparjolo mandok nasida gabe Silom, i ma angka pandita sian [[Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft|Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft (RMG)]], tingki mangalo haraon ni nasida. Alai dang adong surirang natopet molo nasida gabe marugamo Silom. == Hamateanna == [[Ugasan:Collectie NMvWereldculturen, TM-2761-62a, Sabel- Sabel met ijzeren lemmet en ivoren greep, voor 1907.jpg|thumb|left|Sada podang ni halak [[Batak Toba|Batak]], podang nadipangke Sisingamangaraja XII. Poto on dibahen taon 1907.]] Singamangaraja XII monding tanggal 17 Juni 1907, tingki dialo tantara [[Korps Marsose]] – tantara Bolanda. Tantara Bolanda diudurhon [[Hans Christoffel]] di pinggir bukit Aek Sibulbulon, di huta Si-Onom Hudon, parbalohan kabupaten [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara|Tapanuli Utara]] dohot kabupaten [[Kabupaten Dairi|Dairi]] saonari.<ref name="Sidjabat"/> Tingki mangalo Korps Marsose, Sisingamangaraja XIImaniop Piso Gaja Dompak. Tantara Kopral Souhoka, manembak uluna, topet dipinggol ni Sisingamangaraja XII.<ref>[https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2020/06/17/337/2231468/saat-peluru-marsose-menembus-sisingamangaraja-xii-yang-terkenal-kebal-senjata, Saat Peluru Marsose Menembus Sisingamangaraja XII yang Terkenal Kebal Senjata], www.nasional.okezone.com, 26 April 2021</ref> Dihamamateanna didok nasida ma, ''Ahuu Sisingamangaraja''. Tingki i, dohot do monding anakhonna, dua baoa i ma Patuan Nagari dohot Patuan Anggi, lopus boruna i ma margoar Lopian. Sisingamangaraja XII dikuburhon Bolanda tanggal 22 Juni 1907 di Silindung. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Daptar Raja ni Dinasti Tuan Sisingamangaraja}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ulubalang]] [[Horong:Ulubalang Nasional Indonesia]] [[Horong:Batak]] s93xnh6gm0cphfc9knb5e6g77xcxqmq 0 958 18120 15759 2026-08-22T13:00:21Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18120 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Presiden Sukarno (retouched).jpg|upright|thumb|<center>Ir. Soekarno, presiden ni [[Indonesia]] na parjolo</center>]] [[Ugasan:Sukarno Signature.svg|right|thumb|Tanda tangan ni Soekarno]] [[Dr. (H.C.)]] [[Insinyur|Ir.]] [[Haji|H.]] '''Soekarno'''^[[#Nama|1]] ([[Ejaan Republik|ER]], [[Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan|EYD]]: '''Sukarno''', [[goar tubu]]: '''Koesno Sosrodihardjo''') (tubu: [[Surabaya|Soerabaja]], 6 Juni 1901 - monding: [[Jakarta]] 21 Juni 1970)<ref>Iswidodo (ed.), Surya [http://www.tribunnews.com/2010/08/29/antropolog-ugm-bung-karno-di-surabaya Antropolog UGM: Bung Karno Lahir di Surabaya], www.tribunnews.com (Minggu, 29 Agustus 2010), diakses 2 Agustus 2021</ref> ima sada [[Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia|Proklamator Kemerdekaan]] Indonesia (dohot [[Mohammad Hatta]]) ditanggal [[17 Agustus]] [[1945]]. Parjolo halina Soekarno manandahon konsep [[Pancasila]] gabe dasar negara ni [[Indonesia]], dungi ibana museng namambahen goarna Pancasila. == Goar == Goar tubu ni Soekarno ima '''Kusno''' na dilehon natua-tua na. Alai, alani jotjot marsahit, goarna digonti among na tingki nasida marumur sabolas taon.<ref name="CA">Cindy, Adams (1984). [Bung Karno Penyambung Lidah Rakyat Indonesia], Gunung Agung, Jakarta, ISBN 979-96573-2-6, 2 Agustus 2021</ref> Goar i dibuat sian sada panglima porang di sarita [[Bharata Yudha]] ima Karna.<ref name="kasenda">Peter, Kasenda (2010). [Sukarno Muda: Biografi Pemikiran 1926–1933], Komunitas Bambu-Jakarta, ISBN 979-373-177-X, 2 Agustus 2021</ref> Goar "Karna" gabe "Karno" alana di bagasan [[hata Jawa]] surat "a" maruba gabe "o" dung i, goar dijolona "su" astuan na "denggan" molo di hata Jawa.<ref name="CA" /> Satorusna dung jadi presiden, suratan goar na Soekarno digonti nasida gabe Sukarno alana surat ni goar i suman sian [[Bolanda]], ima bangso na hea manjajah Indonesia.<ref name="CA" /> Alai, goar Soekarno tong dipangke nasida dibagasan tanda tanganna alana tanda tangan i nunga dipangke di [[Proklamasi#Teks Proklamasi|Teks Proklamasi]] [[17 Agustus 1945|Kemerdekaan Indonesia]] jadi dang boi digonti.<ref name="CA" /> Selain jouan goar aslina Soekarno, ditanda do somal jouan ni nasida ima Bung Karno. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Jujur ni ngolu-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ulubalang]] [[Horong:Presiden]] [[Horong:Presiden ni Indonesia]] [[Horong:Pangintuai Indonesia]] 49ff1gr3vb0kfm119dsga3vy0r0bbva 0 969 18193 17922 2026-08-22T13:41:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Sulawesi Anggoni |other_name = Sulawesi Tenggara |official_name = Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara |type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] |image_shield = Coat of arms of Southeast Sulawesi.svg |image_flag = Flag of Southeast Sulawesi.svg |shield_size = 70px |flag_size = 70px |seal_alt = |nickname = |image_map = South East Sulawesi in Indonesia.svg |motto = Inae Konasara Iye Pinesara Inae Liasara Iye Pinekasara<br/>''Barang Siapa Yang Menghargai Adat Maka Dia Akan di Muliakan Tapi Barang Siapa Yang Tidak Menghargai Adat Maka Dia Tidak Akan Dihargai'' |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = huta sabungan |seat = [[Kota Kendari]] |leader_title = Gubernur |leader_name = Ali Mazi |governing_body = Gubernur Sulawesi Anggoni |leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur |leader_name2 = Lukman Abunawas |unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 38140 |area_rank = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|15]] |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_max_point = |population_footnotes = <ref name="AGAMA"/> |population_total = 2707061 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |demographics_type1 = Demograpi |demographics1_footnotes = |demographics1_title1 = |demographics1_info1 = |demographics1_title2 = Agama (2022) |demographics1_info2 = [[Islam]] 95,78%<br> [[Kristen]] 2,27%<br>- [[Protestan]] 1,66%<br>- [[Katolik]] 0,61%<br> [[Hindu]] 1,90%<br />[[Buddha]] 0,05%<br>[[Konghucu]] 0,03%<ref name="AGAMA"/> |demographics1_title3 = Bahasa |demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi), [[Bahasa Tolaki|Tolaki]], [[Bahasa Muna|Muna]], dll |timezone1 = [[Waktu Indonesia Timur]] |utc_offset1 = +09 |blank_name_sec1 = [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|IPM]] |blank_info_sec1 = [[Ugasan:Increase.svg|10px]] 72,23 (2022)<ref name="IPM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/494/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-menurut-provinsi.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Menurut Provinsi 2021-2022|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=30 Juli 2023}}</ref> |iso_code = ID-MA |website = [http://www.sultraprov.go.id/ sultraprov.go.id] |footnotes = }} '''Sulawesi Anggoni''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Sulawesi Tenggara'') ima sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|propinsi]] na adong di [[Indonesia]]. huta sabungan ni propinsi on, maringanan di [[Kota Kendari]]. Bahat ni jolma di propinsi on taon 2022, ima 2.707.061 halak.<ref name="AGAMA">{{Cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|website=satudata.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=30 Juli 2023}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}}{{Indonesia-stub}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] 1rn9bon9sm9owd8zbqr9dj966piw95b 18330 18193 2026-08-22T15:40:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Sulawesi Anggoni |other_name = Sulawesi Tenggara |official_name = Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara |type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] |image_shield = Coat of arms of Southeast Sulawesi.svg |image_flag = Flag of Southeast Sulawesi.svg |shield_size = 70px |flag_size = 70px |seal_alt = |nickname = |image_map = South East Sulawesi in Indonesia.svg |motto = Inae Konasara Iye Pinesara Inae Liasara Iye Pinekasara<br/>''Barang Siapa Yang Menghargai Adat Maka Dia Akan di Muliakan Tapi Barang Siapa Yang Tidak Menghargai Adat Maka Dia Tidak Akan Dihargai'' |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = huta sabungan |seat = [[Kota Kendari]] |leader_title = Gubernur |leader_name = Ali Mazi |governing_body = Gubernur Sulawesi Anggoni |leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur |leader_name2 = Lukman Abunawas |unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 38140 |area_rank = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|15]] |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_max_point = |population_footnotes = <ref name="AGAMA"/> |population_total = 2707061 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_note = |demographics_type1 = Demograpi |demographics1_footnotes = |demographics1_title1 = |demographics1_info1 = |demographics1_title2 = Agama (2022) |demographics1_info2 = [[Islam]] 95,78%<br> [[Kristen]] 2,27%<br>- [[Protestan]] 1,66%<br>- [[Katolik]] 0,61%<br> [[Hindu]] 1,90%<br />[[Buddha]] 0,05%<br>[[Konghucu]] 0,03%<ref name="AGAMA"/> |demographics1_title3 = Bahasa |demographics1_info3 = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi), [[Bahasa Tolaki|Tolaki]], [[Bahasa Muna|Muna]], dll |timezone1 = [[Waktu Indonesia Timur]] |utc_offset1 = +09 |blank_name_sec1 = [[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia|IPM]] |blank_info_sec1 = [[Ugasan:Increase.svg|10px]] 72,23 (2022)<ref name="IPM">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/494/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-menurut-provinsi.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Menurut Provinsi 2021-2022|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=30 Juli 2023}}</ref> |iso_code = ID-MA |website = [http://www.sultraprov.go.id/ sultraprov.go.id] |footnotes = }} '''Sulawesi Anggoni''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Sulawesi Tenggara'') ima sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|propinsi]] na adong di [[Indonesia]]. huta sabungan ni propinsi on, maringanan di [[Kota Kendari]]. Bahat ni jolma di propinsi on taon 2022, ima 2.707.061 halak.<ref name="AGAMA">{{Cite web|url=https://satudata.kemenag.go.id/dataset/detail/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-agama|title=Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama|website=satudata.kemenag.go.id|accessdate=30 Juli 2023}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}}{{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}}{{Indonesia-stub}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] 4vxd1t7dyv9b0jsi9znmzbrpp9t1nzy 0 973 18331 17449 2026-08-22T15:40:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox provinsi Indonesia |nama = Sumatera Pastima |singkatan = Sumbar |nama lain = ''Sumatera Barat'' |translit_lang1 = |translit_lang1_info = {{Jawi|سومترا برات}} |translit_lang1_type = [[Surat Jawi]] |julukan = ''Ranah Minang'' ([[Hata Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] : Tano Minang) |lambang = West_Sumatra_coa.svg |poto = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Panoramaninjau.jpg |photo2a = Sesudut Painan 2.jpg |photo3a = Ngaraisianok.jpg |photo3b = Istano Pagaruyuang.jpg |photo4a = Beach of Sikuai island.jpg |photo4b = Tour de Singkarak 2013 (3).jpg |photo5a = Lembah harau 50 kota.jpg |photo5b = Kangub Sumbar Sep 2017.jpg |size = 300 |spacing = 1 |color = transparent |border = 0 |text =<p style="text-align:justify;">Sian ginjang, hambirang tu siamun: [[Tao Maninjau]], [[Painan]], [[Rura Sianok]], [[Istano Pagaruyuang]], [[Pulo Sikuai]], [[Tour de Singkarak]], [[Rura Harau]] dohot Kantor Gubernur Sumatera Hasundutan</p>. }} |motto = ''Tuah Sakato''<br>تواه ساكتو |peta = Lokasi Sumatra Barat.png |tanggal = 1 Oktober 1945 |dasar hukum = UU Darurat RI No.19 Tahun 1957<ref>http://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/1301.pdf</ref> |ibu kota = [[Kota Padang|Padang]] |kota besar = {{Collapsible list|[[Kota Padang|Padang]]<br> [[Kota Bukittinggi|Bukittinggi]]<br>[[Kota Payakumbuh|Payakumbuh]]}} |bidang = 42.297,30 |bidangniluat = <!-- Tuliskan angka saja, tanpa satuan (km2) dan tanda titik sebagai pembatas ribuan. --> |luasperairan = <!-- Tuliskan angka saja, tanpa satuan (km2) dan tanda titik sebagai pembatas ribuan. --> |persenperairan = <!-- Tuliskan angka saja, tanpa satuan (%). --> |latitude = |longitude = |peringkat populasi = 11 |penduduk = 5511246 |kepadatan = |tahun populasi = 2018 |populasi ref = |nama gubernur = [[Mahyeldi Ansharullah]] |nama wakil gubernur = [[Vasco Ruseimy]] |nama ketua DPRD = [[Supardi]] |nama sekretaris daerah = [[Alwis]] |kabupaten = 12 |kota = 7 |kecamatan = 147 |kelurahan = 877 |desa = |total APBD = |tahun APBD = |PAD = |dau = |dak = |suku = {{Collapsible list|[[Halak Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] 88,35%<br> [[Halak Batak Mandailing|Mandailing]] 4,42%<br> [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]] 4,15%<br> [[Halak Mentawai|Mentawai]] 1,28%}} |agama = [[Silom]] 97,4%<br> [[Hakristenon|Haristenon]] 2,26%<br>— [[Protestan]] 1,43%<br>— [[Katolik]] 0,83%<br> [[Buddha]] 0,07%<br> [[Hindu]] 0,01%<br> |bahasa = [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] (resmi)<br>[[Hata Minangkabau|Minang]] (na gumodang dituturhon)<br>[[Hata Mentawai|Mentawai]] |lagu = ''Ayam Den Lapeh'', ''Kampuang nan Jauah di Mato'', ''Kambanglah Bungo'', ''Minangkabau''. |rumah = ''Rumah Gadang'' (Jabu Bolon) |senjata = Karih, Karambiak ([[Kerambit]]), Ruduih |web = {{Url|https://sumbarprov.go.id/}} |utc = +07:00 |kode area = {{Collapsible list| 0751 — Kota Padang — Kota Pariaman — Kabupaten Padang Pariaman| 0752 — Kota Bukittinggi - Kota Padang Panjang — Kota Payakumbuh — Kabupaten Tanah Datar - Kabupaten Agam| 0753 — Kabupaten Pasaman — Kabupaten Pasaman Hasundutan| 0754 — Kota Sawahlunto — Kabupaten Dharmasraya| 0755 — Kota Solok — Kabupaten Solok Dangsina — Arosuka (Kabupaten Solok)| 0756 — Painan (Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan)| 0757 — Renah Indojati 0759 — Kabupaten Hapuloan Mentawai}} |flora = [[Murbei]] |fauna = [[Kuau raja]] |TNKB = {{Collapsible list|BA}} |ISO = ID-SB |zona waktu = [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |kode pos = 25''xxx''-27''xxx'' }} '''Sumatera Pastima''' manang '''Sumatera Hasundutan''' ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] : ''Sumatera Barat'') i ma sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|propinsi]] di Indonesia na maringanan di bagian pastima ni [[Pulo Sumatera]]. Huta sabungan ni Sumatra Pastima maringanan di kota [[Kota Padang|Padang]]. Bidang ni propinsi Sumatra Pastima i ma 48.297,3 km². == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Sumatera]] 8xdzxhckvjjxh33u9tu89uer7e7m7p6 0 974 18332 16483 2026-08-22T15:40:17Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox provinsi Indonesia |nama = Sumatera Utara |translit_lang1 = hata Batak |translit_lang1_info = {{Script/Batak|ᯘᯮᯔᯖ᯲ᯒᯥᯖᯒ}} |translit_lang1_type = [[Surat Batak]] |nama lain = |julukan = |lambang = Coat of arms of North Sumatra.svg |poto = {{Photomontage |photo1a = Lake Toba, Sumatra.jpg |photo2a = Maimun Palace Medan Indonesia.jpg |photo2b = Salib Kasih Siatas Barita.jpg |photo3a = Rumah Bolon, Rumah Adat Suku Batak di Sumatera Utara.jpg |photo3b = Candi Bahal II mirza baihaqie.jpg |photo4a = Hombo Batu, Pulau Nias.jpg |photo4b = Erupsi Gunung Sinabung.jpg |size = 300 |spacing = 1 |color = transparent |border = 0 |text =<p style="text-align:justify;">Sian ginjang, hambirang tu siamun: [[Tao Toba]], [[Istana Maimun|Istana Maimun Medan]], [[Salib Kasih]], [[Jabu Bolon|Rumah Bolon]] dohot [[Tortor]] di Samosir, [[Candi Bahal]], Hombo Batu [[Halak Nias|Nias]], dohot [[Gunung Sinabung]].</p>. }} |motto = Tekun Berkarya, Hidup Sejahtera, Mulia Berbudaya |peta = Locator north sumatra.png |tanggal = [[15 April]] [[1948]] |dasar hukum = Undang-Undang No. 10 Tahun 1948<br/>Undang-Undang No. 24 Tahun 1956 |Huta sabungan = [[Kota Medan|Medan]] |kota besar = {{Collapsible list|[[Kota Binjai|Binjai]]<br> [[Kota Pematangsiantar|Pematangsiantar]]<br>[[Kota Gunungsitoli|Gunungsitoli]]<br>[[Kota Padang Sidempuan|Padang Sidempuan]]<br>[[Kota Tanjung Balai|Tanjung Balai]]<br>[[Kota Sibolga|Sibolga]]<br>[[Kota Tebing Tinggi|Tebing Tinggi]]}} |luas = 72981.23 |latitude = 0º 50' [[Lintang Selatan|LS]] - 4º 40' [[Lintang Utara|LU]] |longitude = 96º 40' - 100º 50' [[Bujur Timur|BT]] |peringkat populasi = 4 |penduduk = 14799361 |kepadatan = 204 |tahun populasi = 2020 |populasi ref = <ref name="PENDUDUK"/> |nama gubernur = Bobby Nasution |nama wakil gubernur = Surya |nama ketua DPRD = |nama sekretaris daerah = |kabupaten = 25 |kota = 8 |kecamatan = 440 |kelurahan = 693 |desa = 5.419 |total APBD = Rp 8.679.942.294.100,00 <ref>[http://www.sumutprov.go.id/images/tentangpemprovsu/ProdukHukum/pergub_2014/pergub_no_38_2014.pdf Peraturan Gubernur Sumatra Utara Nomor 38 Tahun 2014]</ref> |tahun APBD = 2015 |PAD = Rp 5.732.430.000 ([[2018]]) |dau = Rp 2.629.220.000 ([[2018]]) |dak = Rp 9.530.000.000 ([[2018]]) |agama = [[Islam]] 63,91%<br> [[Kristen]] 33,27%<br>— [[Kristen Protestan|Protestan]] 27,86%<br>— [[Katolik]] 5,41%<br> [[Buddha]] 2,43%<br> [[Hindu]] 0,35%<br> [[Konghucu]] 0,02%<br> [[Parmalim]] 0,01%<br> Lain-lain 0,01% <ref>[https://sumut.bps.go.id/frontend/index.php/publikasi/314/"Provinsi Sumatra Utara Dalam Angka 2016"]</ref> |bahasa = |lagu = [[Sinanggar Tullo]], [[Alusi Au]], Biring Manggis |rumah = Jabu Bolon |senjata = Piso |catatan = |kode area = <!-- {{Collapsible list| 061 — Kota Medan — Kota Binjai — Stabat (Kabupaten Langkat) — Lubuk Pakam (Kabupaten Deli Serdang) — Perbaungan - Pantai Cermin (Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai)| 0620 — Pangkalan Brandan (Kabupaten Langkat)| 0621 — Kota Tebing Tinggi — Sei Rampah (Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai)| 0622 — Kota Pematangsiantar — Pematang Raya (Kabupaten Simalungun) — Limapuluh (Kabupaten Batu Bara)| 0623 — Kisaran (Kabupaten Asahan) — Kota Tanjung Balai| 0624 — Rantau Prapat (Kabupaten Labuhanbatu) — Aek Kanopan (Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara) — Kota Pinang (Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan)| 0625 — Parapat (Kabupaten Simalungun) — Ajibata (Kabupaten Toba Samosir) — Simanindo (Kabupaten Samosir)| 0626 — Pangururan (Kabupaten Samosir)| 0627 — Sidikalang (Kabupaten Dairi) — Salak (Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat)| 0628 — Kabanjahe (Kabupaten Karo) — Sibolangit (Kabupaten Deli Serdang)| 0630 — Teluk Dalam (Kabupaten Nias Selatan)| 0631 — Kota Sibolga — Pandan (Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah)| 0632 — Balige (Kabupaten Toba Samosir)| 0633 — Tarutung (Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara) — Dolok Sanggul (Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan)| 0634 — Kota Padang Sidempuan — Sipirok (Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan)| 0635 — Gunung Tua (Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara)| 0636 — Panyabungan (Kabupaten Mandailing Natal) — Sibuhuan (Kabupaten Padang Lawas)| 0639 — Kota Gunung Sitoli}} --> |flora = [[Kenanga]] |fauna = [[Beo Nias|Beo nias]] |TNKB = {{Collapsible list|BK (pesisir timur)|BB (pesisir barat)}} |ISO = ID-SU |zona waktu = [[Waktu Indonesia Barat|WIB]] |kode pos = 20''xxx''-22''xxx'' |web = {{Url|sumutprov.go.id}} }} '''Sumatera Utara''' manang '''Sumatra Utara''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|'''ᯘᯮᯔᯖ᯲ᯒᯥᯖᯒ'''}}) i ma sada [[Propinsi di Indonesia|propinsi]] di Indonesia na maringanan di bagian utara ni pulo [[Sumatera]], [[Indonesia]]. Huta sabungan ni Sumatera Utara maringanan di [[Kota Medan]]. Bidang ni propinsi Sumatera Utara i ma 72.981 km². Sumatera Utara i ma propinsi paopathon na gumodang jolmana di Indonesia, na parjolo umbahatan ima propinsi [[Jawa Pastima]] (''Jawa Barat''), dung i paduahon ima [[Jawa Purba]] (''Jawa Timur'') dohot patoluhon ima [[Jawa Tonga]] (''Jawa Tengah''). Di taon 2020 adong do 14.799.361 bahat ni penduduk manang jolmana di propinsi Sumatra Utara.<ref>[https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/12/2131/1/jumlah-penduduk-hasil-sp2020-menurut-wilayah-dan-jenis-kelamin.html ''Jumlah Penduduk Hasil SP 2020, Menurut Wilayah dan Jenis Kelamin''] (2020), www.bps.go.id, Diakses tanggal 10 Pebruari 2022</ref> == Kabupaten dohot Kota == Adong do 34 kabupaten dohot kota di propinsi Sumatera Utara, bahat ni penduduk taon 2020 ima 14.799.361 halak.<ref name="PENDUDUK">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220210092354/https://sumut.bps.go.id/statictable/2021/04/19/2102/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-jenis-kelamin-rasio-jenis-kelamin-dan-kabupaten-kota-jiwa-2020.html ''Jumlah Penduduk menurut Jenis Kelamin, Rasio Jenis Kelamin dan Kabupaten/Kota (jiwa), 2020''], sumut.bps.go.id, Diakses tanggal 10 Pebruari 2022</ref> Dung i, bidang ni Sumatra Utara ima 72.981,23 km².<ref name="LUAS">[https://sumut.bps.go.id/statictable/2019/11/13/1388/luas-daerah-dan-jumlah-pulau-menurut-kabupaten-kota-di-provinsi-sumatera-utara-2018.html ''Luas Daerah dan Jumlah Pulau Menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, 2018''], sumut.bps.go.id, Diakses tanggal 10 Pebruari 2022</ref> Angka kabupaten dohot kota na adong di propinsi on, ima; {| style="background:none;" cellspacing="2" | {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;" |- style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;" ! scope="col" style="width:3px;" | No ! scope="col" style="width:140px;" | Kabupaten ! scope="col" style="width:120px;" | Huta sabungan ! scope="col" style="width:60px;" | Luas (km²)<ref name="LUAS"/> ! scope="col" style="width:60px;" | Populasi<br />(2020)<ref name="PENDUDUK"/> |- | 1 || [[Kabupaten Asahan|Asahan]] || [[Kisaran]] || style="text-align:right" | 3.702,21 || style="text-align:right"| 769.960 |- | 2 || [[Kabupaten Batu Bara|Batu Bara]] || [[Lima Puluh, Batu Bara|Lima Puluh]] || style="text-align:right" | 922,20 || style="text-align:right"| 410.678 |- | 3 || [[Kabupaten Dairi|Dairi]] || [[Sidikalang, Dairi|Sidikalang]] || style="text-align:right" | 1.927,80 || style="text-align:right"| 308.764 |- | 4 || [[Kabupaten Deli Serdang|Deli Serdang]] || [[Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang|Lubuk Pakam]] || style="text-align:right" | 2.241,68 || style="text-align:right"| 1.931.441 |- | 5 || [[Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan|Humbang Hasundutan]] || [[Dolok Sanggul, Humbang Hasundutan|Dolok Sanggul]] || style="text-align:right" | 2.335,33 || style="text-align:right"| 197.751 |- | 6 || [[Kabupaten Karo|Karo]] || [[Kabanjahe, Karo|Kabanjahe]] || style="text-align:right" | 2.127,00 || style="text-align:right"| 404.998 |- | 7 || [[Kabupaten Labuhanbatu|Labuhanbatu]] || [[Rantau Prapat]] || style="text-align:right" | 2.156,02 || style="text-align:right"| 493.899 |- | 8 || [[Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Dangsina|Labuhanbatu Dangsina]] || [[Kota Pinang, Labuhanbatu Dangsina|Kota Pinang]] || style="text-align:right" | 3.596,00 || style="text-align:right"| 314.094 |- | 9 || [[Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara|Labuhanbatu Utara]] || [[Aek Kanopan, Labuhanbatu Utara|Aek Kanopan]] || style="text-align:right" | 3.570,98 || style="text-align:right"| 381.994 |- | 10 || [[Kabupaten Langkat|Langkat]] || [[Stabat, Langkat|Stabat]] || style="text-align:right" | 6.262,00 || style="text-align:right"| 1.030.202 |- | 11 || [[Kabupaten Mandailing Natal|Mandailing Natal]] || [[Panyabungan, Mandailing Natal|Panyabungan]] || style="text-align:right" | 6.134,00 || style="text-align:right"| 472.886 |- | 12 || [[Kabupaten Nias|Nias]] || [[Gido, Nias|Gido]] || style="text-align:right" | 1.842,51 || style="text-align:right"| 146.672 |- | 13 || [[Kabupaten Nias Dangsina|Nias Dangsina]] || [[Teluk Dalam, Nias Dangsina|Teluk Dalam]] || style="text-align:right" | 1.825,20 || style="text-align:right"| 360.531 |- | 14 || [[Kabupaten Nias Pastima|Nias Pastima]] || [[Lahomi, Nias Pastima|Lahomi]] || style="text-align:right" | 473,73 || style="text-align:right"| 89.994 |- | 15 || [[Kabupaten Nias Utara|Nias Utara]] || [[Lotu, Nias Utara|Lotu]] || style="text-align:right" | 1.202,78 || style="text-align:right"| 147.274 |- | 16 || [[Kabupaten Padang Lawas|Padang Lawas]] || [[Sibuhuan]] || style="text-align:right" | 3.892,74 || style="text-align:right"| 261.011 |- | 17 || [[Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara|Padang Lawas Utara]] || [[Pasar Gunung Tua, Padang Bolak, Padang Lawas Utara|Gunung Tua]] || style="text-align:right" | 3.918,05 || style="text-align:right"| 260.720 |- | 18 || [[Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat|Pakpak Bharat]] || [[Salak, Pakpak Bharat|Salak]] || style="text-align:right" | 1.218,30 || style="text-align:right"| 52.351 |- | 19 || [[Kabupaten Samosir|Samosir]] || [[Pangururan, Samosir|Pangururan]] || style="text-align:right" | 2.069,05 || style="text-align:right"| 136.441 |- | 20 || [[Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai|Serdang Bedagai]] || [[Sei Rampah, Serdang Bedagai|Sei Rampah]] || style="text-align:right" | 1.900,22 || style="text-align:right"| 657.490 |- | 21 || [[Kabupaten Simalungun|Simalungun]] || [[Raya, Simalungun|Raya]] || style="text-align:right" | 4.369,00 || style="text-align:right"| 990.246 |- | 22 || [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Dangsina|Tapanuli Dangsina]] || [[Sipirok, Tapanuli Dangsina|Sipirok]] || style="text-align:right" | 6.030,47 || style="text-align:right"| 300.911 |- | 23 || [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Tonga|Tapanuli Tonga]] || [[Pandan, Tapanuli Tonga|Pandan]] || style="text-align:right" | 2.188,00 || style="text-align:right"| 365.177 |- | 24 || [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara|Tapanuli Utara]] || [[Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara|Tarutung]] || style="text-align:right" | 3.791,64 || style="text-align:right"| 312.758 |- | 25 || [[Kabupaten Toba]] || [[Balige, Toba|Balige]] || style="text-align:right" | 2.328,89 || style="text-align:right"| 206.199 |- | 26 || [[Kota Binjai]] || - || style="text-align:right" | 59,19 || style="text-align:right"| 291.842 |- | 27 || [[Kota Gunungsitoli]] || - || style="text-align:right" | 280,78 || style="text-align:right"| 136.017 |- | 28 || [[Kota Medan]] || - || style="text-align:right" | 265,00 || style="text-align:right"| 2.435.252 |- | 29 || [[Kota Padang Sidempuan]] || - || style="text-align:right" | 114,66 || style="text-align:right"| 225.105 |- | 30 || [[Kota Pematangsiantar]] || - || style="text-align:right" | 55,66 || style="text-align:right"| 268.254 |- | 31 || [[Kota Sibolga]] || - || style="text-align:right" | 41,31 || style="text-align:right"| 89.584 |- | 32 || [[Kota Tanjung Balai]] || - || style="text-align:right" | 107,83 || style="text-align:right"| 176.027 |- | 33 || [[Kota Tebing Tinggi]] || - || style="text-align:right" | 31,00 || style="text-align:right"| 172.838 |- | colspan=2 |<div class="center">'''Sumatra Utara'''</div> ||[[Kota Medan]] || style="text-align:right" | '''72.981,23''' || style="text-align:right"| '''14.799.361''' |} == Suku bangso == Suku bangso manang halak na tulen di Sumatera Utara ima halak [[Batak]], [[Halak Nias|Nias]] dohot [[Melayu]]. Di taon 2018, bahat ni halak [[Halak Batak|Batak]] ima 44,75% ([[Batak Toba|Toba]] 25,62%, [[Batak Angkola|Angkola]] dohot [[Batak Mandailing|Mandailing]] bahatna 11,27%, [[Batak Karo|Karo]] 5,09%, [[Batak Simalungun|Simalungun]] 2,04% dohot [[Batak Pakpak|Pakpak]] bahatna 0,73%). Dung halak Batak, adong museng halak [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]] bahatna 33,40%, dungi halak [[Halak Nias|Nias]] 6,36%, [[Halak Melayu|Melayu]] 5,86%, [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]] 2,71%, [[Halak Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] 2,66%, [[Halak Aceh|Aceh]] 0,97%, dohot halak manang suku bangso na asingna bahatna 3,29%<ref name="SUMUT2018">[https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/01/12/100000869/mengenal-provinsi-sumatera-utara?page=2 ''Mengenal Provinsi Sumatera Utara''], www.kompas.com, Diakses tanggal 10 Pebruari 2022</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |No ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Suku ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Bahatna<br> [[2010]] ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |% |- |- | 1 | [[Halak Batak|Batak]] ! style="text-align: right;" | 5.785.716 ! style="text-align: right;" | 44,75% |- | 2 | [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 4.319.719 | style="text-align: right;" | 33,41% |- | 3 | [[Suku Nias|Nias]] | style="text-align: right;" | 911.820 | style="text-align: right;" | 7,05% |- | 4 | [[Halak Melayu|Melayu]] | style="text-align: right;" | 771.668 | style="text-align: right;" | 5,97% |- | 5 | [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 340.320 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,63% |- | 6 | [[Halak Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | style="text-align: right;" | 333.241 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,58% |- | 7 | [[Suku Aceh|Aceh]] | style="text-align: right;" | 133.439 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,03% |- | 8 | [[Halak Banjar|Banjar]] | style="text-align: right;" | 125.707 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,97% |- | 9 | [[Halak Banten|Banten]] | style="text-align: right;" | 46.640 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,36% |- | 10 | [[Suku Sunda|Sunda]] | style="text-align: right;" | 35.500 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,27% |- | 11 | Warga Negara Asing | style="text-align: right;" | 29.676 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,23% |- | 12 | [[Papua]] | style="text-align: right;" | 11.254 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,09% |- | 13 | Na asing | style="text-align: right;" | 85.619 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,66% |- ! ! Sumatera Utara ! style="text-align: right;" | 12.930.319 ! style="text-align: right;" | 100% |- |} == Galeri Poto == <gallery> Gedung Nasional Djauli Manik Sidikalang Dairi (01).jpg|<div class="center">Jabu Nasional Dairi</div> Bisa Junisa Munthe-Rumah adat Karo.jpg|<div class="center">Rumah adat Batak Karo</div> Bagas Godang Panyabungan Tonga (Batak Mandailing House) (04).jpg|<div class="center">Bagas bolon Batak Mandailing</div> House in Nias North Sumatra.jpg|<div class="center">Jabu adat Nias</div> Rumah Bolon Pamatang Purba - Rumah Adat Batak Simalungun (Batak Simalungun House) (01).jpg|<div class="center">Jabu bolon Batak Simalungun</div> Rumah Bolon (Batak Traditional House).jpg|<div class="center">Jabu bolon Batak Toba</div> </gallery> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}} {{Propinsi di Indonesia}} [[Horong:Propinsi]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] [[Horong:Propinsi di Sumatera]] {{Authority control}} qfpemyp19fwwwij2hr5rqnlt1jfw22i 0 975 18382 16489 2026-08-22T16:15:39Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18382 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:LocationSumatra.svg|thumb|right|Lokasi ni Pulo Sumatera di Indonesia]] '''Sumatera''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯘᯮᯔᯖᯩᯒ}}) manang '''Sumatra''' ima sada pulo na adong di sabola pastima (''Barat'') ni [[Indonesia]]. Pulo Sumatera gabe sada pulo na balga di sude luat di Indonesia, jala masuk 6 pulo na bidang di portibi, alana bidang na ima 473,481&nbsp;km² (182,812&nbsp;mi.²). Pulo Sumatra dang dohot itunganna tu pulo di jonokna, songon pulo dohot hapuloan [[Pulo Simeulue]], [[Pulo Nias]], [[Hapuloan Mentawai]], [[Pulo Enggano]], [[Hapuloan Riau]], [[Hapuloan Bangka Belitung]] dohot [[Pulo Krakatau]]. == Etimologi == Ditingki najolo, panggoaran Sumatera diantusi sian hata [[Hata Sanskerta]] ima goarna ''Suwarnadwīpa'' ('Pulo Sere' manang ''Pulau Sere'' (''Island of Gold'')) dohot ''Suwarnabhūmi'' ('Tano sere' manang ''Tanah Emas'' (''Land of Gold'')), alana bahat sere di adaran na timbo di luat Sumatra.<ref>Drakard,Jane. ''A Kingdom of Words: Language and Power in Sumatra'' (1999), Oxford University Press, ISBN 983-56-0035-X, 13 September 2021</ref> Panggoaran "Sumatera" na ditanda saonari, nunga ditanda parjolo hali taon 1017, ditingki raja [[Sriwijaya]] ima [[Haji Sumatrabhumi]] ("Raja tano Sumatra")<ref>Munoz, Paul Michel. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NqwuAQAAIAAJ&q=+Sumatrabhumi Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula] (2006), Continental Sales, Incorporated, ISBN 978-981-4155-67-0, 13 September 2021</ref> manongos utusan tu to [[Sina]]. == Propinsi == Pamatinta na adong di Pulo Sumatera dibagi gabe 10 propinsi, ima: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Propinsi ! Huta sabungan ! Gubernur ! Bidang<br /> (km2) ! Populasi <br /> (2021) ! Kabupaten/ <br /> Kota ! Logo ! Peta |- | [[Anse|Aceh]] | [[Kota Banda Aceh]] | [[Muzakir Manaf]] | align="center"|57.956 | align="center"|5.184.003 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Aceh|23]] | [[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_Aceh.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator_Aceh_final.png|150px]] |- | [[Sumatera Utara]] | [[Kota Medan]] | [[Bobby Nasution]] | align="center"|72.981 | align="center"|14.753.286 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Sumatra Utara|33]] | [[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_North_Sumatra.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator_north_sumatra.png|150px]] |- | [[Sumatera Pastima]] | [[Kota Padang]] | [[Mahyeldi Ansharullah]] | align="center"|42.012 | align="center"|5.511.246 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Sumatra Barat|19]] | [[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_West_Sumatra.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator west sumatra.png|150px]] |- | [[Riau]] | [[Kota Pekanbaru]] | [[Sofyan Franyata Hariyanto]]<br>_{(Pelaksana Tugas)} | align="center"|87.024 | align="center"|6.013.651 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Riau|12]] | [[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_Riau.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator riau final.png|150px]] |- | [[Hapuloan Riau]] | [[Kota Tanjung Pinang]] | [[Ansar Ahmad]] | align="center"|8.256 | align="center"|1.896.103 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Pulo Riau|7]] | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Riau Islands.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator archriau.png|150px]] |- | [[Jambi]] | [[Kota Jambi]] | [[Al Haris]] | align="center"|50.058 | align="center"|3.477.124 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Jambi|11]] | [[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_Jambi.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator_jambi.png|150px]] |- | [[Bengkulu]] | [[Kota Bengkulu]] | [[Helmi Hasan]] | align="center"|19.919 | align="center"|1.975.845 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Bengkulu|10]] | [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Bengkulu.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator_bengkulu_final.png|150px]] |- | [[Sumatera Dangsina]] | [[Kota Palembang]] | [[Herman Deru]] | align="center"|91.592 | align="center"|8.182.597 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Sumatra Dangsina|17]] | [[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_South_Sumatra.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator_sumsel_final.png|150px]] |- | [[Hapuloan Bangka Belitung]] | [[Kota Pangkal Pinang]] | [[Hidayat Arsani]] | align="center"|16.424 | align="center"|1.349.121 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Pulo Bangka Belitung|7]] | [[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_Bangka_Belitung_Islands.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator_babel_final.png|150px]] |- | [[Lampung]] | [[Kota Bandar Lampung]] | [[Rahmat Mirzani Djausal]] | align="center"|34.632 | align="center"|9.597.375 | align="center"|[[Kabupaten dohot kota di Lampung|15]] | [[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_Lampung.svg|pus|50px]] | [[Ugasan:Locator_lampung_final.png|150px]] |} == Demographi == === Populasi === Molo ditudoshon tu pulo Jawa, Pulo Sumatera dang pola padat, hira-hira adong ma 124 halak per km² – adong 58.557&nbsp;juta jolma di Sumatera sensus taon [[Sensus Penduduk Indonesia 2020|2020]].<ref>Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2020.</ref><ref>[http://www.geohive.com/ Population Statistics], GeoHive, 13 September 2021</ref> {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Taon || Populasi |- |1971 || 20.808.148 |- |1980 || 28.016.160 |- |1990 || 36.506.703 |- |1995 || 40.830.334 |- |2000 || 42.616.164 |- |2005 || 45.839.041 |- |2010 || 50.613.947 |- |2015 || 55.198.752 |- |2020 || 58.557.211 |- |Pustaha:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130701144756/http://www.bps.go.id/tab_sub/view.php?kat=1&tabel=1&daftar=1&id_subyek=12&notab=1 Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010], Badan Pusat Statistik, 13 September 2021</ref><ref name="Badan Pusat Statistik 2019">Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2019.</ref> |- |} === Etnis === Di toru on bilangan ni etnis manang suku bangso na adong di Sumatera, sian data [[Sensus Penduduk Indonesia 2010]]. Data na masuk bilangan, ima data nadung dipapungu sude naresmi didata:<ref>[https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2012/05/23/55eca38b7fe0830834605b35/kewarganegaraan-suku-bangsa-agama-dan-bahasa-sehari-hari-penduduk-indonesia.htm Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia], www.bps.go.id, alaman 36-41, diakses 16 September 2021</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Suku (Halak) ! [[Aceh]] ! [[Sumatra Utara|Sumut]] ! [[Sumatra Dangsina|Sumbar]] ! [[Riau]] ! [[Jambi]] ! [[Sumatra Dangsina|Sumsel]] ! [[Bengkulu]] ! [[Lampung]] ! [[Pulo Bangka Belitung|Babel]] ! [[Pulo Riau|Kepri]] ! Total |- | [[Halak Aceh|Aceh]] | style="text-align: right;" | 3.819.955<br> (85,38%) | style="text-align: right;" | 133.439<br> (1,03%) | style="text-align: right;" | 2.489<br> (0,05%) | style="text-align: right;" | 12.818<br> (0,23%) | style="text-align: right;" | 3.006<br> (0,10%) | style="text-align: right;" | 3.400<br> (0,04%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.542<br> (0,09%) | style="text-align: right;" | 2.816<br> (0,04%) | style="text-align: right;" | 579<br> (0,05%) | style="text-align: right;" | 11.839<br> (0,71%) | style="text-align: right;" | 3.991.883<br> (7,92%) |- | [[Halak Batak|Batak]] | style="text-align: right;" | 147.295<br> (3,29%) | style="text-align: right;" | 5.785.716<br> (44,75%) | style="text-align: right;" | 222.549<br> (4,61%) | style="text-align: right;" | 691.399<br> (12,55%) | style="text-align: right;" | 106.249<br> (3,46%) | style="text-align: right;" | 45.709<br> (0,61%) | style="text-align: right;" | 32.972<br> (1,93%) | style="text-align: right;" | 52.311<br> (0,69%) | style="text-align: right;" | 9.452<br> (0,78%) | style="text-align: right;" | 208.678<br> (12,48%) | style="text-align: right;" | 7.302.330<br> (14,48%) |- | [[Halak Nias|Nias]] | style="text-align: right;" | 9.366<br> (0,22%) | style="text-align: right;" | 911.820<br> (7,05%) | style="text-align: right;" | 18.239<br> (0,38%) | style="text-align: right;" | 71.537<br> (1,30%) | style="text-align: right;" | 3.574<br> (0,12%) | style="text-align: right;" | 861<br> (0,01%) | style="text-align: right;" | 561<br> (0,03%) | style="text-align: right;" | 465<br> (0,01%) | style="text-align: right;" | 168<br> (0,01%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.676<br> (0,28%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.021.267<br> (2,03%) |- | [[Halak Melayu|Melayu]] | style="text-align: right;" | 22.198<br> (0,50%) | style="text-align: right;" | 771.668<br> (5,97%) | style="text-align: right;" | 39.629<br> (0,82%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.828.815<br> (33,20%) | style="text-align: right;" | 164.979<br> (5,37%) | style="text-align: right;" | 602.741<br> (8,11%) | style="text-align: right;" | 48.331<br> (2,83%) | style="text-align: right;" | 18.175<br> (0,24%) | style="text-align: right;" | 18.585<br> (1,53%) | style="text-align: right;" | 501.061<br> (29,97%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.016.182<br> (7,96%) |- | [[Halak Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | style="text-align: right;" | 33.112<br> (0,74%) | style="text-align: right;" | 333.241<br> (2,58%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.219.729<br> (87,33%) | style="text-align: right;" | 676.948<br> (12,29%) | style="text-align: right;" | 163.760<br> (5,33%) | style="text-align: right;" | 64.403<br> (0,87%) | style="text-align: right;" | 71.472<br> (4,18%) | style="text-align: right;" | 69.672<br> (0,92%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.232<br> (0,35%) | style="text-align: right;" | 162.452<br> (9,72%) | style="text-align: right;" | 5.799.021<br> (11,50%) |- | [[Halak Jambi|Jambi]] | style="text-align: right;" | 787<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.630<br> (0,04%) | style="text-align: right;" | 5.089<br> (0,11%) | style="text-align: right;" | 5.722<br> (0,10%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.337.521<br> (43,57%) | style="text-align: right;" | 16.198<br> (0,22%) | style="text-align: right;" | 3.413<br> (0,20%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.633<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.284<br> (0,11%) | style="text-align: right;" | 3.074<br> (0,18%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.379.351<br> (2,73%) |- | [[Halak Sumatra Dangsina|Sumsel]] | style="text-align: right;" | 1.299<br> (0,03%) | style="text-align: right;" | 3.226<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.504<br> (0,03%) | style="text-align: right;" | 7.997<br> (0,15%) | style="text-align: right;" | 57.663<br> (1,88%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.120.408<br> (55,43%) | style="text-align: right;" | 144.197<br> (8,43%) | style="text-align: right;" | 409.151<br> (5,40%) | style="text-align: right;" | 47.956<br> (3,93%) | style="text-align: right;" | 32.941<br> (1,97%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.826.342<br> (9,57%) |- | [[Halak Lampung|Lampung]] | style="text-align: right;" | 1.906<br> (0,04%) | style="text-align: right;" | 7.928<br> (0,06%) | style="text-align: right;" | 2.735<br> (0,06%) | style="text-align: right;" | 5.250<br> (0,10%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.150<br> (0,14%) | style="text-align: right;" | 44.983<br> (0,60%) | style="text-align: right;" | 6.258<br> (0,37%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.028.190<br> (13,56%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.753<br> (0,39%) | style="text-align: right;" | 3.448<br> (0,21%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.109.601<br> (2,20%) |- | Sumatra naasing | style="text-align: right;" | 1.093<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 30.220<br> (0,23%) | style="text-align: right;" | 69.246<br> (1,43%) | style="text-align: right;" | 53.691<br> (0,97%) | style="text-align: right;" | 5.040<br> (0,16%) | style="text-align: right;" | 104.386<br> (1,40%) | style="text-align: right;" | 942.027<br> (55,08%) | style="text-align: right;" | 30.579<br> (0,40%) | style="text-align: right;" | 841.771<br> (69,03%) | style="text-align: right;" | 8.751<br> (0,52%) | style="text-align: right;" | 2.086.804<br> (4,14%) |- | [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 400.023<br> (8,94%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.319.719<br> (33,41%) | style="text-align: right;" | 217.096<br> (4,49%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.608.268<br> (29,20%) | style="text-align: right;" | 893.156<br> (29,10%) | style="text-align: right;" | 2.037.715<br> (27,41%) | style="text-align: right;" | 387.281<br> (22,65%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.856.924<br> (64,06%) | style="text-align: right;" | 101.655<br> (8,34%) | style="text-align: right;" | 417.438<br> (24,97%) | style="text-align: right;" | 15.239.275<br> (30,22%) |- | [[Halak Sunda|Sunda]] | style="text-align: right;" | 10.864<br> (0,24%) | style="text-align: right;" | 35.500<br> (0,27%) | style="text-align: right;" | 15.934<br> (0,33%) | style="text-align: right;" | 77.932<br> (1,42%) | style="text-align: right;" | 79.203<br> (2,58%) | style="text-align: right;" | 162.877<br> (2,19%) | style="text-align: right;" | 52.517<br> (3,07%) | style="text-align: right;" | 728.684<br> (9,61%) | style="text-align: right;" | 18.958<br> (1,55%) | style="text-align: right;" | 49.419<br> (2,95%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.231.888<br> (2,44%) |- | [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 9.620<br> (0,22%) | style="text-align: right;" | 340.320<br> (2,63%) | style="text-align: right;" | 10.799<br> (0,22%) | style="text-align: right;" | 101.864<br> (1,85%) | style="text-align: right;" | 37.246<br> (1,21%) | style="text-align: right;" | 72.575<br> (0,98%) | style="text-align: right;" | 2.890<br> (0,17%) | style="text-align: right;" | 39.979<br> (0,53%) | style="text-align: right;" | 99.624<br> (8,17%) | style="text-align: right;" | 128.704<br> (7,70%) | style="text-align: right;" | 843.621<br> (1,67%) |- | [[Halak Banjar|Banjar]] | style="text-align: right;" | 2.734<br> (0,06%) | style="text-align: right;" | 125.707<br> (0,97%) | style="text-align: right;" | 355<br> (0,01%) | style="text-align: right;" | 227.239<br> (4,13%) | style="text-align: right;" | 102.237<br> (3,33%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.442<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 180<br> (0,01%) | style="text-align: right;" | 411<br> (0,00%) | style="text-align: right;" | 249<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 11.811<br> (0,71%) | style="text-align: right;" | 472.365<br> (0,94%) |- | [[Halak Bugis|Bugis]] | style="text-align: right;" | 989<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.899<br> (0,04%) | style="text-align: right;" | 656<br> (0,01%) | style="text-align: right;" | 107.159<br> (1,95%) | style="text-align: right;" | 96.145<br> (3,13%) | style="text-align: right;" | 42.977<br> (0,58%) | style="text-align: right;" | 3.687<br> (0,21%) | style="text-align: right;" | 21.054<br> (0,28%) | style="text-align: right;" | 33.582<br> (2,75%) | style="text-align: right;" | 37.124<br> (2,22%) | style="text-align: right;" | 348.272<br> (0,69%) |- | [[Halak Banten|Banten]] | style="text-align: right;" | 1.644<br> (0,04%) | style="text-align: right;" | 46.640<br> (0,36%) | style="text-align: right;" | 287 <br> (0,00%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.357<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 723<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 17.141<br> (0,23%) | style="text-align: right;" | 148<br> (0,01%) | style="text-align: right;" | 172.403<br> (2,27%) | style="text-align: right;" | 655<br> (0,05%) | style="text-align: right;" | 430<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 241.428<br> (0,48%) |- | [[Halak Bali|Bali]] | style="text-align: right;" | 145 (0,00%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.162<br> (0,01%) | style="text-align: right;" | 192<br> (0,00%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.031<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 464<br> (0,02%) | style="text-align: right;" | 38.552<br> (0,52%) | style="text-align: right;" | 4.323<br> (0,25%) | style="text-align: right;" | 104.810<br> (1,38%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.113<br> (0,09%) | style="text-align: right;" | 1.315<br> (0,08%) | style="text-align: right;" | 153.107<br> (0,30%) |- | Suku naasing | style="text-align: right;" | 10.914<br> (0,24%) | style="text-align: right;" | 74.484<br> (0,58%) | style="text-align: right;" | 5.617<br> (0,12%) | style="text-align: right;" | 28.815<br> (0,52%) | style="text-align: right;" | 14.655<br> (0,48%) | style="text-align: right;" | 57.674<br> (0,78%) | style="text-align: right;" | 8.317<br> (0,49%) | style="text-align: right;" | 44.694<br> (0,59%) | style="text-align: right;" | 34.782<br> (2,85%) | style="text-align: right;" | 88.730<br> (5,31%) | style="text-align: right;" | 368.682<br> (0,73%) |- | '''Sumatra''' | style="text-align: right;" | 4.473.944 | style="text-align: right;" | 12.930.319 | style="text-align: right;" | 4.832.145 | style="text-align: right;" | 5.507.842 | style="text-align: right;" | 3.069.771 | style="text-align: right;" | 7.434.042 | style="text-align: right;" | 1.710.116 | style="text-align: right;" | 7.581.951 | style="text-align: right;" | 1.219.398 | style="text-align: right;" | 1.671.891 | style="text-align: right;" | 50.431.419 |- |} == Galeri == <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> Batak Warriors 60011135 edit.jpg|left|Soridadu (parajurit) ni halak [[Halak Batak|Batak]] gombar sian taon 1870 Minangprocession.jpg|Sada inang-inang halak [[Halak Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] mamboan piring di sada pesta paradaton House in Nias North Sumatra.jpg|Jabu tradisional ni halak [[Halak Nias|Nias]] di pulo Nias Sumatra Utara Rumah_Limas_of_IDR_10000_banknote.jpg|Rumah Limas, jabu tradisional halak [[Halak Melayu Palembang|Palembang]], [[Sumatra Dangsina]] di hepeng RP. 10.000 Acehnese_girls;_2011.jpg|Angka naposo bulung adaboru ni halak [[Halak Aceh|Aceh]] COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Twee_hoofden_van_Sarolangun_in_traditionele_adatkostuums_Jambi_Oost-Sumatra_TMnr_10002780.jpg|Gombar najolo, dua halak katua bangso ni halak [[Halak Jambi|Jambi]] di kabupaten Sarolangun, Jambi </gallery> == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] 5gq0uzq0thi34ya2i3bktoz2x0ekgso 0 981 18387 12925 2026-08-22T16:15:48Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18387 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:River Nile map.svg|thumb|right|250px|Peta luat pamolusan sunge ni Sunge Nil]] [[Ugasan:View from Cairo Tower 31march2007.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sunge Nil na manalpu Kairo, huta sabungan ni Misir]] [[Ugasan:Evening, Nile River, Uganda.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sunge Nil na mamolus di Uganda]] [[Ugasan:White Nile Fishermen (18156464842).jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Nil Bontar]] di Uganda]] '''Sunge Nil''' i ma sada sunge na maringanan di [[Aprika|Banua Aprika]]. Mamolus tu [[Laut Mediterania]] do Sunge Nil i. Sunge Nil i ma sunge na gumanjang di Aprika, sasara historis nunga didophon gabe sunge na gumanjang di portibi on do Sunge Nil i,<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, "[https://www.britannica.com/place/Nile-River Nile River]" dibungka di ari 18 Januari 2022</ref> nang pe adong riset na mandokhon lobi ganjang saotik do [[Sunge Amason]] i.<ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica, "[https://www.britannica.com/story/how-long-is-the-amazon-river How Long Is the Amazon River?]" dibungka di ari 18 Januari 2022</ref> Adong hirahira 6.650 km (4.130 mil) do ganjang ni Sunge Nil nian. [[Luat pamolusan sunge]] manalpu sampulu sada nagara i ma [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Republik Demokratik Kongo]], [[Kenya]], [[Etiopia]], [[Eritrea]], [[Sudan Dangsina]], [[Sudan]], dohot [[Misir]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Aprika]] [[Horong:Sunge]] ji7zmt53tejp7o81nzsgovopfdw1vd1 0 983 18388 7542 2026-08-22T16:15:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kota |peta = |nama = Surakarta |provinsi = Jawa Tonga |dati2 = Kota |nama dati2 = |kecamatan = |kode pos = |luas = 44 km² |penduduk = 500.000 halak (2019) |kepadatan = 11.363/km² }} '''Surakarta''' i ma sada [[kota]] na maringanan di [[Jawa Tengah|Propinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 440 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 500.000 halak (2019). ==Pustaha== {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Kota di Indonesia]] 52ycq6qyu778wkcbybtqry2l54ig4nr 0 987 18194 14719 2026-08-22T13:41:23Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Netherlands East Indies Java Rupee 1803-Z.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Hepeng Rupee Hindia Bolanda dohot Surat Jawi]] '''Surat Jawi''' ([[Surat Arab|Arab]]: جاوي Jawi) (manang '''''Yawi''''' luat [[Patani]] dohot '''''Jawoë''''' di luat [[Aceh|Aceh Darussalam]]) i ma hurup Arab na dipangke manggurithon [[Hata Malayu]]. Hurup nian gabe sada guritan resmi di [[Brunei Darussalam]]. == Hurup == On ma karakter ni Surat Jawi {|border="1" frame="box" rules="all" cellpadding="8" style="text-align: center; font-size: xx-large;" |- style="font-size: small; background-color: #cccccc;" !Karakter !Manjae !Mula !Tonga !Ujung !Goar |- |'''ا''' |'''ﺍ''' | | |'''ﺎ''' |''alif'' |- |'''ب''' |'''ﺏ''' |'''ﺑ''' |'''ـﺒ''' |'''ـﺐ''' |''ba'' |- |'''ت''' |'''ﺕ''' |'''ﺗ''' |'''ـﺘ''' |'''ـﺖ''' |''ta'' |- |'''ث''' |'''ﺙ''' |'''ﺛ''' |'''ـﺜ''' |'''ـﺚ''' |''tsa'' |- |'''ج''' |'''ﺝ''' |'''ﺟ''' |'''ـﺠ''' |'''ـﺞ''' |''jim'' |- |'''ح''' |'''ﺡ''' |'''ﺣ''' |'''ـﺤ''' |'''ـﺢ''' |''ha'' |-bgcolor="#999999" |'''چ''' |'''ﭺ''' |'''ﭼ''' |'''ـﭽ''' |'''ـﭻ''' |''ca'' |- |'''خ''' |'''ﺥ''' |'''ﺧ''' |'''ـﺨ''' |'''ـﺦ''' |''kha'' |- |'''د''' |'''ﺩ''' | | |'''ـﺪ''' |''dal'' |- |'''ذ''' |'''ﺫ''' | | |'''ـﺬ''' |''dzal'' |- |'''ر''' |'''ﺭ''' | | |'''ـﺮ''' |''ra'' |- |'''ز''' |'''ﺯ''' | | |'''ـﺰ''' |''zai'' |- |'''س''' |'''ﺱ''' |'''ﺳ''' |'''ـﺴ''' |'''ـﺲ''' |''sin'' |- |'''ش''' |'''ﺵ''' |'''ﺷ''' |'''ـﺸ''' |'''ـﺶ''' |''syin'' |- |'''ص''' |'''ﺹ''' |'''ﺻ''' |'''ـﺼ''' |'''ـﺺ''' |''ṣad'' |- |'''ض''' |'''ﺽ''' |'''ﺿ''' |'''ـﻀ''' |'''ـﺾ''' |''ḍad'' |- |'''ط''' |'''ﻁ''' |'''ﻃـ''' |'''ـﻄـ''' |'''ـﻂ''' |''ṭhad'' |- |'''ظ''' |'''ﻅ''' |'''ﻇـ''' |'''ـﻈـ''' |'''ـﻆ''' |''ẓhad'' |- |'''ع''' |'''ﻉ''' |'''ﻋ''' |'''ـﻌ''' |'''ـﻊ''' |''<nowiki/>'ain'' |- |'''غ''' |'''ﻍ''' |'''ﻏ''' |'''ـﻐ''' |'''ـﻎ''' |''ghain'' |-bgcolor="#999999" |'''ڠ''' |'''ڠ''' |'''ڠـ''' |'''ـڠـ''' |'''ـڠ''' |''nga'' |- |'''ف''' |'''ﻑ''' |'''ﻓ''' |'''ـﻔ''' |'''ـﻒ''' |''fa'' |-bgcolor="#999999" |'''ڤ''' |'''ﭪ''' |'''ﭬ''' |'''ـﭭ''' |'''ـﭫ''' |''pa'' |- |'''ق''' |'''ﻕ''' |'''ﻗ''' |'''ـﻘ''' |'''ـﻖ''' |''qaf'' |- |'''ك''' |'''ك''' |'''كـ''' |'''ـكـ''' |'''ـك''' |''kaf'' |- |'''ݢ''' |'''ݢ''' |'''ڬـ''' |'''ـڬـ''' |'''ـݢ''' |''ga'' |- |'''ل''' |'''ﻝ''' |'''ﻟ''' |'''ـﻠ''' |'''ـﻞ''' |''lam'' |- |'''م''' |'''ﻡ''' |'''ﻣ''' |'''ـﻤ''' |'''ـﻢ''' |''mim'' |- |'''ن''' |^'''ﻥ''' |'''ﻧ''' |'''ـﻨ''' |'''ـﻦ''' |''nun'' |-bgcolor="#999999" |'''ڽ''' |'''ڽ''' |'''ڽـ''' |'''ـڽـ''' |'''ـڽ''' |''nya'' |- |'''و''' |'''ﻭ''' | | |'''ـﻮ''' |''wau'' |- |'''ۏ''' |'''ۏ''' | | |'''ـۏ''' |''va'' |- |'''ﻩ''' |'''ﻩ''' |'''ھـ''' |'''ـھـ''' |'''ﻪ''' |''ha'' |- |'''ي''' |'''ﻱ''' |'''ﻳ''' |'''ـﻴ''' |'''ﻲ''' |''ya'' |} Hurup na dilehon warna hulabu i ma hurup dipinatureture na holan didapot di [[hata Malayu]] jala ndang dijumpahon di hurup Arab na somal dipangke manggurit [[hata Arab]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Alpabet-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Alpabet]] obwfpw924a744pvmn1271ko2w57ccni 0 988 18195 12496 2026-08-22T13:41:24Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Surat Sirilik,''' manang '''Surat Kiril,''' manang '''''azbuka''''' (sian goar na robi ni hurup-hurup na parjolo) i ma ragam surat na dipangke manggurithon onom [[Punguan hata Slavia|parhataan Slavia]] ([[Hata Belarus|Belarusia]], [[Hata Bulgaria|Bulgaria]], [[Hata Makedonia|Makedonia]], [[Hata Rusia|Rusia]], [[Hata Serbia|Serbia]] dohot [[Hata Ukraina|Ukraina]]) jala godang parhataan na asing di [[Kaukasus]], [[Asia Tonga]], [[Eropa Habinsaran]] dohot [[Asia Utara]]. == Hata Rusia == On ma surat Sirilik na dipangke di [[hata Rusia]]. {| class="wikitable" !Hurup na balga !Hurup na metmet !Goar !Soara !Transkripsi |- |A |а |''a'' |/a/ |a |- |Б |б |''be'' |/b/ |b |- |B |в |''ve, we'' |/v, w/ |v |- |Г |г |''ge, ghe'' |/ɡ, ɣ/ |g, gh |- |Д |д |''de'' |/d/ |d |- |E |е |''ye'' |/je, e/ |ye, e |- |Ё |ё |''yo'' |/jo/ |yo |- |Ж |ж |''zhe'' |/ʐ/ |zy |- |З |з |''ze'' |/z/ |z |- |И |и |''i'' |/i/ |i |- |Й |й |''i-kratkoye'' |/i̯/ |y, i |- |К |к |''ka'' |/k/ |k |- |Л |л |''el'' |/l, ɫ/ |l |- |M |м |''em'' |/m/ |m |- |H |н |''en'' |/n/ |n |- |O |о |''o'' |/o/ |o |- |П |п |''pe'' |/p/ |p |- |P |р |''er'' |/r/ |r |- |C |с |''es'' |/s/ |s |- |T |т |''te'' |/t/ |t |- |У |у |''u'' |/u/ |u |- |Ф |ф |''ef'' |/f/ |f |- |X |х |''kha, ha'' |/x, h/ |kh, h |- |Ц |ц |''tse'' |/t͡s/ |ts |- |Ч |ч |''che'' |/t͡ɕ/ |c |- |Ш |ш |''sha'' |/ʂ/ |sy |- |Щ |щ |''shcha'' |/ɕ/ |syc |- |Ъ |ъ |''tvyordiy znak'' | |─ |- |Ы |ы |''yer'' |/ɨ/ |y |- |Ь |ь |''myagkiy znak'' |/ʲ/ |' |- |Э |э |''e'' |/e/ |e |- |Ю |ю |''yu'' |/ju/ |yu |- |Я |я |''ya'' |/ja/ |ya |} == Hata Ukraina == On ma surat Sirilik na dipangke di [[hata Ukraina]]. {| class="wikitable" |+Surat ni Hata Ukraina |А а |Б б |В в |Г г |Ґ ґ |Д д |Е е |Є є |Ж ж |З з |И и |- |І і |Ї ї |Й й |К к |Л л |М м |Н н |О о |П п |Р р |С с |- |Т т |У у |Ф ф |Х х |Ц ц |Ч ч |Ш ш |Щ щ |Ю ю |Я я |Ь ь |} == Hata Belarus == On ma surat Sirilik na dipangke di [[hata Belarus]] {| class="wikitable" |+Surat ni hata Belarus |А а |Б б |В в |Г г |Д д |Е е |Ё ё |Ж ж |З з |І і |Й й |- |К к |Л л |М м |Н н |О о |П п |Р р |С с |Т т |У у |Ў ў |- |Ф ф |Х х |Ц ц |Ч ч |Ш ш |Ы ы |Ь ь |Э э |Ю ю |Я я |} == Hata Bulgaria == On ma surat Sirilik na dipangke di [[hata Bulgaria]]. {| class="wikitable" |+Surat ni hata Bulgaria |А а |Б б |В в |Г г |Д д |Е е |Ж ж |З з |И и |Й й |К к |- |Л л |М м |Н н |О о |П п |Р р |С с |Т т |У у |Ф ф |Х х |- |Ц ц |Ч ч |Ш ш |Щ щ |Ъ ъ |Ь ь |Ю ю |Я я | |} == Hata Serbia == On ma surat Sirilik na dipangke di [[hata Serbia]]. {| class="wikitable" |+Surat ni hata Serbia |А а |Б б |В в |Г г |Д д |Ђ ђ |Е е |Ж ж |З з |И и |Ј ј |- |К к |Л л |Љ љ |М м |Н н |Њ њ |О о |П п |Р р |С с |Т т |- |Ћ ћ |У у |Ф ф |Х х |Ц ц |Ч ч |Џ џ |Ш ш |} == Hata Makedonia == On ma surat Sirilik na dipangke di [[hata Makedonia]]. {| class="wikitable" |+Surat ni hata Makedonia |А а |Б б |В в |Г г |Д д |Ѓ ѓ |Е е |Ж ж |З з |Ѕ ѕ |И и |- |Ј ј |К к |Л л |Љ љ |М м |Н н |Њ њ |О о |П п |Р р |С с |- |Т т |Ќ ќ |У у |Ф ф |Х х |Ц ц |Ч ч |Џ џ |Ш ш |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Alpabet-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Alpabet]] g8yivys7uskkpdglcdu5tdz2kv0l1wy 0 989 18389 8415 2026-08-22T16:15:52Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18389 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:CIIC 504.gif|thumb|300px|[[Tugu Ballaqueeney]] na adong di Pulo Man. Siguriton na adong di batu ni an dijaha "BIVAIDONAS MAQI MUCOI CUNAVA[LI]" na marlapatan "Bivaidonas, anak ni parcunava[li]"]] [[Ugasan:Book of Ballymote 170r.jpg|thumb|upright|Alaman na-170 ni [[Pustaha Ballymote]] di taon 1390, Surat Ogham dijolashon di bindu ''Auraicept na n-Éces.'']] '''Surat Ogham''' ([[hata Irlandia]]: ''Ogam'', pandokhonan: [ˈoːm] manang [ˈoːəm]) i ma hurup na tumua ni [[halak Irlandia]] jala tinompaon sian punguan ni garis jempek na marragam do ampena, ganjangna dohot bilanganna.<ref>Dawe, Gerald dohot Michael Mulreany.2001.''The Ogham Stone : An Anthology of Contemporary Ireland''.Dublin : Institute of Pubic Administration, alaman 3-4</ref> Surat Ogham digurithon di tugu sian abad na paopaton tu na paonomon Masehi dohot pustaha sian abad na paonomon tu na pasiahon Masehi. [[Hata Irlandia na Robi]] dohot [[Hata Irlandia na Robi|Irlandia na Robi]] i ma hata na diparhaseanghon di surat Ogham, jala do pe diparhaseanghon di hata [[Hata Wales na Robi|Wales na Robi]], [[Hata Pictish|Pictish]] dohot [[Hata Latin|Latin]].<ref>[https://omniglot.com/writing/ogham.htm "Omniglot",Ogham (᚛ᚑᚌᚐᚋ᚜)]</ref> Tugu ni sigurithon surat Ogham dipadomuhon di [[Irlandia]] ([[Kerry]], [[Cork]] dohot [[Waterford]]), [[Inggeris]], [[Skotlandia]], [[Pulo Man]] dohot [[Wales]] ([[Pembrokeshire]] di bagian dangsina ni Wales). Songonna horizontal dohot vertikal do Surat Ogham digurit. == Hurup ni Surat Ogham == Goar asing ni Surat Ogham i ma huruf ''Beith-Luis Nin'' (hata Irlandia modern : ''Beith-Luis-Nion'') na ro sian jojoran ni Surat Ogham. I ma songon "Alfabet" na ro sian jojoran ni [[Surat Junani]] (Α/''Alpha''-Β/''Beta'') manang "Kaganga" na gabe jojoran ni [[Surat Ulu]]. Surat Ogham ni on ditompahon sian sada manang lobi garis na gelleng gabe [[alfabet]]. <gallery widths="180" heights="180" perrow="1"> File:Ogham Con.jpg|I ma hurup konsonan ni Surat Ogham. Adong do sada hurup konsonan nang ro sian hurup ''forfeda'' i ma hurup P (''peith''). File:Ogham Vow.jpg|I ma hurup vokal ni Surat Ogham. Di hambirangna i ma hurup vokal na standar di Surat Ogham. Di siamunna, adong do lima hurup na dihoronghon ''forfeda'' i ma huruf EA (''Éabhadh''), OI (''Ór''), UI (''Uilleann''), IA (''Ifin'') dohot AE (''Eamhancholl''). </gallery> Hurup-hurup ni Surat Ogham i ma; {| class="wikitable" |+ ! colspan="3" |''Aicme Beithe'' |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter beith.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |b |''Beith'' (''Beithe'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter luis.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |l |''Luis'' (''Luis'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter fearn.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |f |''Fearn'' (''Fern'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter sail.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |s |''Sail'' (''Sail'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter nion.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |n |''Nion'' (''Nin'') |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |''Aicme hÚatha'' |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter uath.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |j |''Uath'' (''Úath'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter dair.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |d |''Dair'' (''Dair'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter tinne.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |t |''Tinne'' (''Tinne'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter coll.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |k |''Coll'' (''Coll'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter ceirt.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |q |''Ceirt'' (''Cert'') |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |''Aicme Muine'' |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter muin.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |m |''Muin'' (Muin) |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter gort.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |g |''Gort'' (''Gort'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter ngeadal.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |ng |''nGéadal'' (''Gétal'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter straif.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |z |''Straif'' (''Straiph'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter ruis.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |r |''Ruis'' (''Ruis'') |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |''Aicme Ailme'' |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter ailm.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |a |''Ailm'' (''Ailm'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter onn.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |o |''Onn'' (''Onn'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter ur.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |u |''Úr'' (''Úr'') |- |<span title="Irish language text" lang="ga"></span> <span title="Irish language text" lang="ga"></span> [[Ugasan:Ogham letter eadhadh.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |e |''Eadhadh'' (''Edad'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter iodhadh.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |i |''Iodhadh'' (''Idad'') |} {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |''Forfeda'' |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter eabhadh.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |ea |''Éabhadh'' (''Ebhadh'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter or.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |oi |''Ór'' |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter uilleann.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |ui |''Uilleann'' (''Uilleand'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter ifin.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |io |''Ifin'' (''Iphin'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter eamhancholl.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |ae |''Eamhancholl'' (''Emancholl'') |- |[[Ugasan:Ogham letter peith.svg|22px|link=|alt=A]] |p |''Peith'' |} == Unicode == Naung ditambahon do Surat Ogham i tu [[Unicode Standard]] dohot versi 3.0 di bulan September taon 1999. Blok Unicode na dipangkeon tu Surat Ogham i ma U+1680–U+169F. {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="17" |Ogham |- | |0 |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 |7 |8 |9 |A |B |C |D |E |F |- |U+168x |  |ᚁ |ᚂ |ᚃ |ᚄ |ᚅ |ᚆ |ᚇ |ᚈ |ᚉ |ᚊ |ᚋ |ᚌ |ᚍ |ᚎ |ᚏ |- |U+169x |ᚐ |ᚑ |ᚒ |ᚓ |ᚔ |ᚕ |ᚖ |ᚗ |ᚘ |ᚙ |ᚚ |᚛ |᚜ | | | |} == Pustaha == [[Horong:Alpabet]] <references />{{Authority control}} 4uh9ae4c3va7bc3c26xxufsw66ao8mh 0 992 18373 7777 2026-08-22T16:15:14Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Plastic comb, 2015-06-07.jpg|thumb|Suri palastik]] '''Suri''' i ma sada goar ni ugasan, somalna telmek jala tudos hera marngingi. Suri dipangke laho mangatur, patigorhon, nang paiashon [[obuk]]. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ugasan]] j753bf82m3f4vi2qczowxhvbjz0uqrj 0 993 18374 7793 2026-08-22T16:15:17Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18374 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Guido Reni 031.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Gombar ni [[Mikhael (suruan)|Mikhael]], suruan natumimbo (''malaikat tertinggi''), mamangke jubah dohot ''cuirass'' Romawi, nadigombar [[Guido Reni]] abat pa-17]] '''Suruan''' sanga '''Suruan ni Debata''' (hata [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]]: ''Malaikat''; [[Hata Inggeris|Inggoris]]: ''Angel'') ima sada susuruan simangot sanga tondi, na bahat adong dihaporseaan na marugamo di portibi on. Dibagasan ugamo [[Ugamo Abrahamik|Abrahamik]], suruan on jotjot diharbishon tu [[surgo]], ima si nadenggan pangalahona, denggan ateatena, jala gabe dalan pangalu ni jolma tu [[Debata]] sanga pe tu [[surgo]] dohot [[manisia]].<ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/angel ''Angel''], The Free Dictionary, diakses 3 Juni 2021</ref><ref name="ReligFacts">[http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/angels ''Angels (Christianity)''], ReligionFacts, diakses 3 Juni 2021</ref> == Etimologi == Hata suruan on (''malaikat'') mullop parjolo di hata Inggoris modern asalna sian bahaso Inggoris Kuno dohot bahaso Pransis kuno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160115003621/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/angel?q=angel ''Angel – Definition of angel in English by Oxford Dictionaries''], Oxford Dictionaries – English, diakses 3 Juni 2021</ref> Duansa sian hata Inggoris dohot Peransis i, rona sian bahaso Latin ima suratna "''angelus''" (arti somalna "''utusan''" sanga "''sisuruon''"), dipangke sian hata [[Bahaso Junani|Junani]] ima "''ἄγγελος''", dijaha ''aggelos'',<ref>Strong, James. [http://biblehub.com/greek/32.htm ''Strong's Greek''], www.Biblehub.com, diakses 3 Juni 2021</ref><ref>Satatan: Panjahaan Ponetik ni "aggelos" ima (ang'-el-os)</ref> jala adong muse manuratna gabe ''ángelos''. Angkup ni i, sada ahli [[bahaso Bolanda]], [[RSP Beekes]], mandok molo hata "ángelos" dibuat sian hata ''ἄγγαρος'' (''ángaros'', 'hata di Persia').<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|Beekes, R. S. P.]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 9.</ref> Adong muse mandok molo hata "suruan" ro na sian hata [[Mycenaean]] dijaha "''a-ke-ro''", buktina adong di Naskah suku hata Linear B.<ref>[http://www.palaeolexicon.com/default.aspx?static=12&wid=193 palaeolexicon.com]; ''a-ke-ro'', Palaeolexicon (''Word study tool of ancient languages'' sanga ''alat belajar kata bahasa kuno'')</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151106152223/http://www.explorecrete.com/archaeology/linearB.pdf ''Mycenaean (Linear b) – English Glossary'' (pdf)], www.explorecrete.com, diakses 3 Juni 2021</ref> Lapatanan ni hata "''ángelos''" ima lapatanan sitandar Septuaginta sian [[Bahaso Heber|Heber sanga ''Ibrani'']] ''Alkitabiah mal'ākh'', na diattusi gabe "utusan" sanga ''sisuruon'' alai dang diantusi dohot tu pangalahona, holan lapatanan na sajo. Alai, mangihut tu [[Pulgata Latin]], astuanna gabe dua dangka, sada nai, ima: molo hata mal'ākh sanga ángelos mangihut tu utusan manisia, saingkondo astuan nuntius sanga legatus, gabe dipangke sanga dipamasuk. Onpe, hata "suruan" mardomu tu [[supranatural]], hata ''ángelos'' on gabe ''angelus'', na manandahon hata "suruan" i diastuan sada "rupa" mangihut museng tu "pangalahona". Siparsalisian mangantusi sisongon on gabe dibuat bali angka pangalapatani [[Bibel]], pangalapation [[Kristen]] dohot Jahudi, dung i muse angka sarjana modern.<ref>Kosior, Wojciech. [https://www.academia.edu/4426250/_English_The_Angel_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_from_the_Statistic_and_Hermeneutic_Perspectives._Some_Remarks_on_the_Interpolation_Theory ''The Angel in the Hebrew Bible from the Statistic and Hermeneutic Perspectives. Some Remarks on the Interpolation Theory''], "The Polish Journal of Biblical Research", Vol. 12, No. 1 (23), alaman 55–70, diakses 3 Juni 2021</ref> == Astuan di Ugamo Abrahamik == === Jahudi === === Kristen === Suruan sanga ''malaikat'' ima tondi na digana ni Debata, natiturgashon mangihuti angka natinuju ni roha ni Debata, jala gabe marhalado Debata dohot mangurupi angka manisia naporsea tu Debata.<ref>"''...karena di dalam Dialah telah diciptakan segala sesuatu, yang ada di sorga dan yang ada di bumi, yang kelihatan dan yang tidak kelihatan, baik singgasana, maupun kerajaan, baik pemerintah, maupun penguasa; segala sesuatu diciptakan oleh Dia dan untuk Dia''" (Kolose 1:16)</ref><ref>"''Bukankah mereka semua adalah roh-roh yang melayani, yang diutus untuk melayani mereka yang harus memperoleh keselamatan?''" (Ibrani 1:14)</ref>. Hata "suruan" sanga "malak" (''malaikat'') ro na sian bahaso [[Bahaso Heber|Heber]] ima מלאך, (dijaha: mal'akh), astuan na ima "utusan". Molo dibagasan Bibel Indonesia [[Terjemahan Baru]] artina gabe: suruan (''malaikat''), utusan, sisuruhon (''suruhan''), halak na disuru (''orang-orang suruhan''), dohot ''raja''. ==== Suruan dibagasan [[Tanakh]] ==== [[Ugasan:Statue at Metairie Cemetery.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Patung]] ni surua di sada [[kuburan]] di [[Metairie, Louisiana|Metairie]], [[Louisiana]].]] Pandokan "suruan" ("malaikat") dibagasan Bibel, ima <big>מלאך</big> (dijaha ''"malakh''"), astuan boi dipangke tingki dijaha dohot pangutusna, ima [[YHWH]] ("Jahowa"), misalna "suruan ni Jahowa", sanga "suruan ni Elohim".<ref>"''Pada waktu itu Tuhan akan melindungi penduduk Yerusalem, dan orang yang tersandung di antara mereka pada waktu itu akan menjadi seperti Daud, dan keluarga Daud akan menjadi seperti Allah, seperti Malaikat Tuhan, yang mengepalai mereka.''" (Zakharia 12:8)</ref> Panjouan na asingna ima "anak-anak Elohim".<ref>"''Pada waktu itu orang-orang raksasa ada di bumi, dan juga pada waktu sesudahnya, ketika anak-anak Allah menghampiri anak-anak perempuan manusia, dan perempuan-perempuan itu melahirkan anak bagi mereka; inilah orang-orang yang gagah perkasa di zaman purbakala, orang-orang yang kenamaan.''" (Kejadian 6:4)</ref><ref>"''Pada suatu hari datanglah anak-anak Allah menghadap Tuhan dan di antara mereka datanglah juga Iblis.''" (Ayub 1:6)</ref> Dung i, suruan pe dijou gabe "panjaga".<ref>"''Kemudian dalam penglihatan yang kudapat di tempat tidurku itu tampak seorang penjaga, seorang kudus, turun dari langit;...''" (Daniel 4:13)</ref> Angka suruan dijou muse "tantara langit" (''tentara langit'')<ref>"''dan yang pergi beribadah kepada allah lain dan sujud menyembah kepadanya, atau kepada matahari atau bulan atau segenap tentara langit, hal yang telah Kularang itu;''" (Ulangan 17:3)</ref> sanga pe Parangan ni Jahowa (soldadu "Elohim").<ref>"''Jawabnya: “Bukan, tetapi akulah Panglima Balatentara Tuhan. Sekarang aku datang.” Lalu sujudlah Yosua dengan mukanya ke tanah, menyembah dan berkata kepadanya: “Apakah yang akan dikatakan tuanku kepada hambanya ini?”''" (Yosua 5:14)</ref>. Parangan ni Jahowa ("Bala tentara"), di bahaso Heber disurat צבאות ''Zebaot'' astuanna ''Yahuwah Zebaot''. Alai, [[YHWH]] (''Jahowa'') dang sarupo dohot parangan ni Jahowa, alani i, si [[Musa]] mangorai halak Heber, asa unang manomba angka parangan ni Jahowa. ==== Suruan madabu ==== Dimula nimulana, sude angka suruan na digana Debata, sudena burju, [[badia]] dohot denggan.<ref>"''Engkau tak bercela di dalam tingkah lakumu sejak hari penciptaanmu sampai terdapat kecurangan padamu.''" (Yehezkiel 28:15)</ref> Alai, adong angka suruan na mangalo sanga mambarontak tu Debata. Angka suruan namadabu i, dijouma gabe [[sibolis]], jala boi muse adong na gabe [[Kerub]].<ref>"''Kuberikan tempatmu dekat kerub yang berjaga, di gunung kudus Allah engkau berada dan berjalan-jalan di tengah batu-batu yang bercahaya-cahaya.''" (Yeh. 28:14)</ref> === Silom === Haporseaan tu suruan, ima gabe sada naponting di ugamo Silom (''Islam''). Dibagasan Al-Quran marbahaso Arab, hata suruan disurat gabe " ملك " dijaha "malak" na ro sian hata ''Malaka'', astuanna "ibana na mamaresohon" ("dia mengendalikan"), alani adong hagogoan ni angka suruan nadilehon padalanhon angka tugas tu halaki.<ref>Syed Anwer Ali ''Qurʼan, Hukum Dasar Kehidupan Manusia: Surat ul-Faateha ke Surat-ul-Baqarah (bagian 1–21)'' Penerbitan Syed 1984 University of Virginia Digitalisasi 22. Okt. 2010 alaman 121, diakses 3 Juni 2021 </ref> Asal hata "malak" ima ''<nowiki/>'-lk'', ''l -'- k'' sanga ''mlk'', astuan sian sada "utusan", hombar tu hata Heber (''malʾákh'') dohot Junani (''angelos''). Dung i, pangantusan di ugamo Silom, suruan on sada tondi sian surgo, alai dang utusan tu manisia.<ref> SR Burge ''Journal of Qur'anic Studies The Angels in Sūrat al-Malāʾika: Tafsiran P. 35: 1'' Sep 2011. vol. 10, No. 1: alaman 50–70, diakses 3 Juni 2021 </ref> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Ugamo]] <references />{{Authority control}} e1jn2nkkp6b01j605v1758welumogcl 0 994 18375 9317 2026-08-22T16:15:18Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Susi Susanti.jpg|thumb|Gambar ni Susi Susanti, tikki pangoluhon Obor [[Asian Games]] 2018 di [[Jakarta]]|alt=|239x239px]] '''Lucia Fransisca Susi Susanti Haditono''' manang '''Susi Susanti''' ([[Pinyin]]: Wang Lian Xiang, sorang di [[Tasikmalaya]], 11 Pebruari 1971) Susi Susanti on ma sahalak parrengket borua na bonggal, si Susi on halak Indonesia do on, nunga tarbarita ibana sahat ro di liat portibi on, ala parmonang-monang do ibana molo martanding di negaranta Indonesia, suang songon i nang di negara ni na asing i. Ibana mamungka marsiajar marrengket sian si haetekonna dope. Natorasna pe marsitutu do manungkoli, laos dipasahat ma ibana laho mangihuthon Tulangna nampuna klub PB Tunas Tasikmalaya. Dunghon adong marpitu taon ibana na marlatik i, jala sai monang do ibana di partandingan ni angka dakdanak, di taon 1985 hatiha di kalas 2 [[Sekolah Menengah Pertama|SMP]] uju i, pinda ma ibana tu Jakarta asa lamu bolas dumenggan parsiajaranna na marrengket on. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Atlit]] hb3jzre4yc67mipeulocv0f8uzj7mlc 0 996 18376 13227 2026-08-22T16:15:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Kolonel Simatoepang Chef-staf van de TNI, uitgever van de order "staakt het vure…, Bestanddeelnr 344030 010.jpg|thumb|upright|kanan|Gambar ni T. B. Simatupang, di taon 1949]] [[Letnan Jenderal TNI|Letnan Jenderal]] [[TNI]] [[Purnawirawan|(Purn.)]] '''Tahi Bonar Simatupang''' (dipapendek '''T.B. Simatupang'''; tubu di Sidikalang, Dairi 28 Januari 1920; monding di [[Jakarta]] 1 Januari 1990)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Sejarah_TNI_AD_1945_1973_Riwayat_hidup_s.html?id=l7maivDM07kC&redir_esc=y|title=Sejarah TNI-AD 1945-1973|series=Seri ke-14 : Riwayat Hidup Singkat Pelaku-Pelaku Sejarah TNI-AD|publisher=Dinas Sejarah TNI Angkatan Darat|year=1982|location=Jakarta|accessdate=6 September 2023}}</ref> ima sada ulubalang [[militer]] dohot tokoh gareja di [[Indonesia]]. Tingki dipamarinta ni presiden [[Soekarno]], hea do T.B. Simatupang gabe Kepala Staf Angkatan Perang Republik Indonesia (KASAP) dung monding [[Panglima Tentara Nasional Indonesia|Panglima Besar]] [[Jenderal]] [[Soedirman]] ditaon [[1950]]. Dung i, gabe KASAP ma nasida sahat tu taon [[1953]]. Jabatan KASAP nasida tingki i adong di ginjang ni Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat, Kepala Staf Angkatan Laut, Kepala Staf Angkatan Udara<ref name="pasal6">''pasal 6'', UU No.3 Tahun 1948</ref> jala di toru ni Menteri Pertahanan.<ref>''pasal 3'', UU No.3 Tahun 1948</ref> T.B. Simatupang monding tanggal 1 Januari 1990 di Jakarta, dikuburhon di [[Taman Makam Pahlawan Kalibata]]. Ditanggal 8 Nopember 2013, [[Presiden Indonesia|Presiden]] [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] malean gelar [[Pahlawan Nasional]] tu T.B. Simatupang.<ref>Keputusan Presiden Nomor 68/TK Tahun 2013</ref> Saonari, goar ni nasida gabe goar ni dalan di kecamatan [[Cilandak]], [[Jakarta Dansgsina]]. == Buku na ditulis == Dihangoluanna, gabe panurat buku marhata [[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] do T.B Simatupang. Di toru on ma angka buku na hea ditulis nasida: * ''Soal-soal Politik Militer di Indonesia'' (1956) * ''Laporan dari Banaran: Kisah Pengalaman Seorang Prajurit selama Perang Kemerdekaan'' (1960) * ''Pemerintah, Masjarakat, Angkatan Perang: Pidato-pidato dan karangan-karangan 1955-1958'' (1960) * ''Tugas Kristen dalam Revolusi'' (1967) * ''Capita Selecta Masalah Hankam'' (1967) * ''Pengetahuan Militer Umum'' (1968) * ''Pengantar Ilmu Perang di Indonesia'' (1969) * ''Diskusi Tjibulan II: Dukungan dan Pengawasan Masjarakat dalam Pembangunan, 9-11 Djanuari 1970'' (disusun bersama oleh Anwar Harjono, H. Rosihan Anwar, T.B. Simatupang) (1970) * ''Kejakinan dan Perdjuangan: Buku Kenangan untuk Letnan Djenderal Dr. T.B. Simatupang'' (1972) * ''Keselamatan Masakini'' [disusun oleh T.B. Simatupang, bersama [[S.A.E. Nababan]] dan Fridolin Ukur (1973) * ''Buku Persiapan Sidang Raya Dewan Gereja-Gereja Sedunia'', 1975 (1974) * ''Ketahanan Nasional dalam Situasi Baru di Asia Tenggara: Ceramah pada tanggal 30 Juni 1975 di Gedung Kebangkitan Nasional, Jakarta'' (1975) * ''Ceramah Letnan Jenderal TNI (Purn) Dr. T.B. Simatupang di AKABRI Bagian Darat, tanggal 4 November 1981'' [microform] (1981) * ''Pelopor dalam Perang, Pelopor dalam Damai'' (1981) * ''Arti Sejarah Perjuangan Kemerdekaan: Ceramah tanggal, 14 Oktober 1980 di Gedung Kebangkitan Nasional Jakarta'' (1981) * ''Iman Kristen dan Pancasila'' (1984) * ''Harapan, Keprihatinan dan Tekad: Angkatan 45 Merampungkan Tugas Sejarahnya'' (1985) * ''Kehadiran Kristen dalam Perang, Revolusi dan Pengembangan: Berjuang Mengamalkan Pancasila dalam Terang Iman'' (1986) * ''Percakapan dengan Dr. T.B. Simatupang'' (penyunting: H.M. Victor Matondang) (1986) * ''Peranan Angkatan Perang dalam Negara Pancasila yang Membangun'' (1980) * ''Peranan Agama-agama dan Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dalam Negara Pancasila yang Membangun'' (1987) * ''Dari Revolusi ke Pembangunan'' (1987) * ''70 tahun Dr. T.B. Simatupang: Saya adalah Orang yang Berhutang'' [penyunting: Samuel Pardede] (1990) * ''Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsa dalam rangka Pembangunan Nasional sebagai Pengamalan Pancasila Menuju Tinggal Landas'' (1990) * ''Membuktikan Ketidakbenaran Suatu Mitos: Menelusuri Makna Pengalaman Seorang Prajurit Generasi Pembebas bagi Masa Depan Masyarakat, Bangsa, dan Negara'' (1991) == Pustaha == [[Horong:Batak Toba]] <references />{{Authority control}} hxa7lm6pgs6ztse964y959h6uu23a74 0 1004 18377 17146 2026-08-22T16:15:24Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tano''' i ma harimpang ni banua tonga na tarsusun sian [[mineral]] dohot organik. Godang do lapatan ni tano di portibi on alani tano manolopi parngoluan ni suansuanan, patupahon [[hara]] dohot aek jala huhut ansiat panungkol ni urat. Tano na marruang tong do gabe inganan na denggan tu urat laho marhosa jala tubu dohot denggan. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Tano]] lgbzd6w9qmqca770cku92mcya83csuc 0 1017 18431 7931 2026-08-22T16:42:56Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18431 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:City of Thessaloniki logo.svg|thumb|upright|200px|Logo resmi ni Tessalonik]] [[Ugasan:WhiteTowerThessaloniki (3).JPG|thumb|right|200px|Palaspalas na bontar di Tessalonik]] '''Tessalonik''' manang '''Thessaloniki''' ([[Hata Junani]] : Θεσσαλονίκη) i ma sada kota na maringanan di [[Junani]]. Tessalonik i ma kota na umbalga paduahon di Junani. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Eropa]] [[Horong:Junani]] 646wdnnoajbu7g2rkbuvimwvi1rn1e3 0 1018 18199 17675 2026-08-22T13:41:27Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18199 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Harajaon Thailand'''<br>'''ราชอาณาจักรไทย'''<br>'''''Ratcha Anachak Thai'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Thailand.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Emblem of Thailand.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>[[Phleng Chat Thai|''Phleng Chat Thai'']] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Thai National Anthem - US Navy Band.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Thailand map CIA.png|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Thailand |} '''Thailand''' (goar resmina di [[Hata Thai]] : ราชอาณาจักรไทย, ''Ratcha Anachak Thai'') i ma sada negara di Asia Tenggara, na marbatasan tu negara [[Malaysia]], [[Mianmar]], dohot [[Vietnam]]. Huta sabunganna sanga pusat pamarintahanna adong di [[Bangkok]]. Luat ni negara on di taon 2025 hira adong ma 65.975.198 halak, dungi, mayoritas paragamo [[Buddha]]. Sistem pemerintahan ni Thailand mamangke sistem Harajaon. Pimpinan pucuk na adong ma Raja, alai mangulahon pergerakan perekonomianna i ma didalathon sada [[Perdana Menteri]]. Goar ni Raja Thailand sonnari, ima Raja '''[[Maha Vajiralongkorn]]''', dungi Perdana Menteri ni Thailand margaoar [[Anutin Charnvirakul]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] 2fhzjudnqbuj3ntjamlu0ere6w4ye0h 0 1019 18483 7947 2026-08-22T17:06:44Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18483 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''The Star-Spangled Banner'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Star Spangled Banner (Carr) (1814).png|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Logu "The Star-Spangled Banner" na digurit di taon 1814 |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:"The Star-Spangled Banner" - Choral with band accompaniment - United States Army Field Band.oga|140px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Musik ni "The Star-Spangled Banner" |- |} '''''The Star-Spangled Banner''''' i ma sada logu habangsaon ni [[Amerika Serikat]]. == Lirik == ''O say can you see, by the dawn's early light,<br> What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming,<br> Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,<br> O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?<br> And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,<br> Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;<br> O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave<br> O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?<br>'' ''On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,<br> Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,<br> What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,<br> As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?<br> Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,<br> In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:<br> 'Tis the star-spangled banner, O long may it wave<br> O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.<br>'' ''And where is that band who so vauntingly swore<br> That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,<br> A home and a country, should leave us no more?<br> Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution.<br> No refuge could save the hireling and slave<br> From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:<br> And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave,<br> O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.<br>'' ''O thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand<br> Between their loved homes and the war's desolation.<br> Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the Heav'n rescued land<br> Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation!<br> Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,<br> And this be our motto: '[[In God we trust|In God is our trust]].'<br> And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave<br> O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!'' == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] qcnqru56fc4yhv670qoifwge3kz4npv 0 1020 18379 14484 2026-08-22T16:15:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tingki ni Pidari''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯖᯪᯰᯂᯪᯉᯪᯇᯪᯑᯒᯪ}}) adong ma hajadian na manjadi sian taon 1816-1821, didia parangan Paderi na diudurhon [[Tuanku Imam Bonjol]] manaroso Tano Batak na di ingani angkup Halak Batak dohot sipareakan di ''mengislamkan'' Tano Batak, parangan Paderi na diudurhon [[Tuanku Imam Bonjol]] hasea manghunduli Tano Batak Dangsina ([[Batak Angkola|Angkola]] dohot [[Mandailing]]), alani godangna sahali jolma na marujung, jolma Batak buhai maporus dohot marimigarasi tu Tano Batak Utara ([[Batak Toba|Toba]]). == Pustaha == * {{Cite_book|first=Muhamad|last=Radjab|year=2019|title=Perang Padri di Sumatra Barat (1803-1838)|publisher=Balai Pustaka dan Kepustakaan Popular Gramedia|location=Jakarta|isbn=978-602-481-232-4|Ref={{sfnRef|Radjab|2019}}}} * 1840. [[Jacob Cornelis van Rijneveld|J.C. van Rijneveld]]. ''Veldtocht der Nederlandse troepen op het eiland Celebes in de jaren 1824-1825''. Militaire Spectator. Bladzijde 221-240. * 1841. J.C. Boelhouwer. ''Herinneringen aan mijn tijd op Sumatra's Westkust gedurende de jaren 1831-1834''. Erven Doorman. * 1841. J.C. van Rijneveld. ''De merkwaardige terugtocht van Pisang op Agam''. Militaire Spectator. Bladzijde 1-7 en 24-32. * 1842. A. Meis. ''Verhaal van de Palembangse Oorlog van 1819 tot 1821''. Militaire Spectator. Bladzijde 182-189. * 1844. [[Hendrik Merkus Lange|H.M. Lange]]. ''Verhaal van de krijgsgebeurtenissen in het landschap Rauw, aan de westkust van Sumatra, gedurende het jaar 1833, en van de heldhaftige verdediging van het fort Amerongen''. Militaire Spectator. Bladzijde 7-15, 23-33, 53-61, 81-83 en 119-125. * 1850. H.M. Lange. 'Hulde aan de nagedachtenis van hen, die sinds de vestiging van het Koninklijk Nederlands gezag in Oost-Indië, roemvol gesneuveld zijn''. Militaire Spectator. Bladzijde 464-475. * 1876. A.J.A. Gerlach. ''Neerlands heldenfeiten in Oost-Indië''. Bewerkt naar Les fastes militaires des indes Orientales. Deel II. Gebroeders Belinfante. Den Haag. * 1900. G. Kepper. ''Wapenfeiten van het Nederlands Indische Leger; 1816-1900''. M.M. Cuvee, Den Haag. {{Authority control}} cl1dbgmvvjgre9hzg56qp3cgky9587j 0 1024 18523 9206 2026-08-22T18:43:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18523 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Tor-Tor Pose.jpg|thumb|right|Angka panortor di sada horja adat]] '''Tortor''' ([[hata Indonesia]]: ''Tari Tortor'') ima sada tortot sanga tumba (''tarian'') purba na adong di halak Batak Toba namaringanan di tano Batak sanga Tapanuli, lumobi di kabupaten [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara|Tapanuli Utara]], [[Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan|Humbang Hasundutan]], [[Kabupaten Toba|Toba]], [[Kabupaten Samosir|Samosir]], [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Tonga|Tapanuli Tonga]] dohot kota [[Kota Sibolga|Sibolga]] di propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Totor muse dipangke halak Batak Angkola dohot Batak Mandailing na adong di kabupaten [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Dangsina|Tapanuli Dangsina]], [[Kabupaten Padang Lawas|Padang Lawas]], [[Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara|Padang Lawas Utara]], kota [[Kota Padang Sidempuan|Padang Sidempuan]], dohot [[Kabupaten Mandailing Natal|Mandailing Natal]].<ref> [https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2021/02/01/133000969/tari-tortor-tarian-tradisional-sumatera-utara ''Tari Tortor, Tarian Tradisonal Sumatera Utara''], ''www.kompas.com'', Diakses tanggal 22 Januari 2022</ref> == Astuan == Dibagasan Kamus Bahasa Indonesia, Tortor, diartihon " ''tarian suku Batak yg dilakukan pd upacara menggali tulang-belulang leluhur, diiringi musik dengan gendang, seruling, dan sebagainya'' " astuanna tu hata [[Hata Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], sada tumba sian halak Batak dipangke tingki paradaton mangongkal holi ni ompung sijolojolo tubu. Di Tortor i, diihuthon musik dohot gondang, suling, dohot naasing na.<ref>[https://kbbi.co.id/arti-kata/tortor, ''Arti Kata "tortor" Menurut KBBI''], www.kbbi.co.id, diakses 27 Mei 2021</ref> == Tanda halobianna == Tortor gabe sada tumba dibahat horja adat na diihuthon marhite-hite musik gondang. Tortor on dohot musik gondang gabe sada paket na daong boi dipaasing, adong gondang jala ingkon disi adong muse tortor na. Molo padalanhon tortor on, parjolo-jolo, tuan rumah manang sipambahen horja na dijou ''Hasuhutan'', ingkon adong marhobas ima na na nidok ''Tua ni Gondang''.<ref>[https://bobo.grid.id/read/082886004/tari-tortor-sejarah-jenis-fungsi-dan-gerakannya Tari Tortor, Sejarah, Jenis dan Gerakannya], ''www.bobo.grid.id'', Diakses tanggal 22 Januari 2022</ref> Dibagasan tortor on ma, sada parwakilan sian hasuhutan namabahen horja, mangido tu parmusik gondang asa padalanhon musikna i. Adongma hata na ingkon didok hasutuan tu parmusik. Umumna, hata nanidok ima parjolo didok ''"Amang pardoal pargonsi"'', mangihut ma hata satorusna: # ''"Alualuhon ma jolo tu ompungta Debata Mulajadi Nabolon, na Jumadihon nasa na adong, na jumadihon manisia dohot sude isi ni portibion."'' # ''"Alualuhon ma muse tu sumangot ni ompungta sijolojolo tubu, sumangot ni ompungta paisada, ompungta paidua, sahat tu papituhon."'' # ''"Alualuhon ma jolo tu sahala ni angka amanta raja na liat nalolo."'' == Poda == Pandok ni Togarma Naibaho, ima napajongjong Sanggar budaya Batak, Gorga, ingkon adong tolu poda nadidapot sian tari Tortor. Poda na didapot i ima:<ref>[https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/13282448/mengupas-sejarah-dan-makna-tari-tor-tor Mengupas Sejarah dan Makna Tari Tortor], ''www.nationalgeographic.grid.id'', Diakses tanggal 22 Januari 2022</ref> * Poda parjolo ima marhabiaraan dohot pangoloion tu Debata. Tingki tari dang dope dipungka, ingkon adong musik pelean tu Debata Mula Jadi Nabolon. * Poda paduahon ima ritual tu ompunta sijolojolo tubu dohot angka namangolu nadihormati. * Poda patoluhon ima tu angka jolma na ro tu paradaton i. == Pustaha == [[Horong:Batak]] [[Horong:Tortor]] <references />{{Authority control}} fhkohywjo5q9ab9gz2mvfc7ce92uln9 0 1026 18524 7984 2026-08-22T18:43:45Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18524 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:TRNA-Phe yeast en.svg|350px|right|thumb|tRNA. Marupa daun semanggi (tangke dohot tiga jari).<ref name="Jusuf M.">Jusuf M. 2001. ''Genetika I: Struktur dan Ekspresi Gen''. Jakarta: Sagung Seto</ref> Pada ujung 3' terdapat rangkaian basa ACC yang merupakan penerima asam amino (''acceptor stem''), dan di simpul yang berlawanan merupakan simpul antikodon (''anticodon loop'') untuk membaca kodon mRNA.<ref name="Jusuf M."/>]] '''Transfer RNA''' (''transfer-Ribonucleic acid'') dipapendek gabe '''tRNA''' tinanda muse "asam ribonukleat transfer", ima sada molekul na manginterpretasihon pesan [[genetik]] na adong marpiga-piga [[kodon]] dibagasan molekul [[mRNA]] papindahon asam [[asam amino|amino]] tu [[ribosom]] dibagasan padalanhon proses [[translasi]].<ref name="Campbell NA ''et al.''">Campbell NA, Reece BJ, Mitchell LG. 2002. ''Biologi''. Jakarta: Erlangga</ref> Raphon hata asing, tRNA ima sada [[molekul]] na mamboan asam-asam amino dipudunhon gabe rante [[polipeptida]].<ref name="Yuwono T.">Yuwono T. 2005. ''Biologi Molekuler''. Jakarta: Erlangga.</ref> Struktur primer tRNA ima sada rante [[nukleotida]] linear ganjang ni ukuranna hira-hira 73 sahat tu 93 nukleotida dohot borat ni molekul hira-hira 25 sahat tu 30 kilo dalton.<ref name="Jusuf M."/> Di bagasan molekul tRNA adong jenis-jenis basa na so tarmodipikasi.<ref name="Jusuf M."/> Misalna [[pseudourasil]] dohot dihidrourasil ima hasil modifikasi sian basa [[urasil]].<ref name="Jusuf M."/> == Referensi == <references/>{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Gen]] [[Horong:Biologi]] ei72cn02ga7rlk2v1begqfrpcmz2cmo 0 1027 18201 12300 2026-08-22T13:43:33Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikify}} [[Ugasan:True Jesus Church Olive Garden Training Centre.jpg|right|thumb|Gareja True Jesus Church Olive Garden Training Centre di Port Dickson, [[Malaysia]]]] '''True Jesus Church''' i ma huria na manjujung baringinna na dipajonjong di Beijing, Sina di taon 1917. Saonnari adong hira-hira 2.5 juta ruas di lima pulu tolu negara dohot onom banua. Huria on marnampunahon tu horong ni [[Kristen]] Pentakosta na mullop hatiha di pamungkaan bona ni abad paduapuluhon. Huria on dipajongjong di [[Indonesia]] di taon 1939. Nasida manopot marjamita tu sude bangso andorang haroro ni Jesus na paduahalihon. Sampulu narumingkot haporseaon ni huria on i ma: #Tondi parbadia #Pandidion #Mambasu pat #Marulaon na badia #[[Ari Sabat]]: Porsea di ari Sabat (ari Sabtu) i do ari na badia jala dipasupasu Debata, ditiop di bagasan holong ni roha paingotingot panompaon dohot paluahon ni Debata, jala manghirim di ari Sabat salelenglelengna di bagasan hangoluan na naeng ro. #[[Jesus Kristus]]: Porsea di Jesus Kristus, i do Hata na gabe manisia, mate di hau pinarsilang paluaonNa angka manisia na mardosa i, na mulak mangolu di ari na patolu jala naek tu surgo. Ibana do Sipalua manisia na Sasada i, Jahowa Zebaot dohot Debata na Sasada i. #[[Bibel]]: Porsea di Buku Padan na Robi dohot Padan na Imbaru sinihathon ni Debata i do mual ni hatigoran na sasada i dohot hangoluan ni halak na porsea. #Haluaon: Porsea di paluahon ni manisia marhitehite di holong ni roha dohot haporseaon, ingkon eahan manisia do habadiaon tongtong Tondi Parbadia, mangulahon pangajaran ni Bibel, manghaholongi Debata dohot manisia. #Huria #Panguhuman na parpudi: Porsea di Jesus Kristus na tuat sogot sian Surgo di ajal ni hasiangan on na manguhumi manisia, na partigor mandapot hangoluan salelenglelengna, na parjahat mandapot panguhuman salelenglelengna. == Pustaha == {{Kristen-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Huria]] [[Horong:Kristen]] tkdv174aub5d62v2d1h60x1ly83omgm 0 1029 18529 9161 2026-08-22T18:46:50Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18529 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Portret van Tuanku Imam Bonjol.jpg|upright|thumb|right|Gombar ni Tuanku Imam Bonjol, nadibahen [[Hubert Joseph Jean Lambert de Stuers|Hubert de Stuers]] (hira taon 1820)]] '''Tuanku Imam Bonjol''' (tubu di [[Bonjol, Pasaman|Bonjol]], [[Luhak Agam]], [[Kerajaan Pagaruyung|Pagaruyung]], [[1772]] – monding di Lotta, [[Pineleng, Minahasa|Pineleng]], [[Kabupaten Minahasa|Minahasa]], tanggal 6 November 1864) ima sada [[ulama]] ni ugamo Silom, dohot ulubalang nadohot marporang malawan [[Bolanda]], ima naditanda panjouanna [[Porang Padri]] ditaon 1803–1838.<ref name="Radjab">Radjab, Muhamad. Perang Paderi di Sumatra Barat, 1803-1838 (1964), Balai Pustaka, Indonesia</ref> Tuanku Imam Bonjol ditabalhon gabe [[Ulubalang Nasional Indonesia]] marhitehite tu SK Presiden RI Nomor 087/TK/Tahun 1973, tanggal [[6 November]] [[1973]].<ref>Direktorat Urusan Kepahlawanan dan Perintis Kemerdekaan, (1991), ''Wajah dan sejarah perjuangan pahlawan nasional'', Vol. 3, Departemen Sosial R.I., Direktorat Urusan Kepahlawanan dan Perintis Kemerdekaan.</ref> Goar tulen ni Tuanku Imam Bonjol ima '''Muhammad Syahab''', tubu di huta [[Bonjol, Pasaman|Bonjol]], kabupaten Pasaman tanggal [[1 Januari]] [[1772]]. Nasida anak paduahon sian amangna margoar Bayanuddin Syahab dohot inangna margoar Hamatun. Amangna, Khatib Bayanuddin Syahab, sada ulama sian Sungai Rimbang, [[Suliki Gunung Mas, Lima Puluh Kota|Suliki, Lima Puluh Kota]].<ref>Muhammad Syamsu As, Ulama pembawa Islam di Indonesia dan sekitarnya, Lentera, 1996</ref> Adong marpiga titel ni Muhammad Syahab, ima ''Peto Syarif'', ''Malin Basa'', dohot ''Tuanku Imam''.<ref>[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=k57rCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT29&dq=peto+%22pendeta%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiSqNLd7N3mAhUXfH0KHTMACcQQ6AEIMTAB#v=onepage&q=peto%20%22pendeta%22&f=false, HAMKA], PTS Publishing House, 16 Nopember 2015, diakses 26 April 2021</ref> == Pustaha == [[Horong:Ulubalang]] [[Horong:Ulubalang Nasional Indonesia]] <references />{{Authority control}} mjxb5873obxhdibe6wq8ncze3h94qid 0 1031 18204 12756 2026-08-22T13:43:36Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18204 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Turki'''<br>'''''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Turkey.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Emblem of Turkey.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan : [[İstiklal Marşı]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:IstiklalMarsi-2013 (version 2).oga]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Turki |} '''Turki''' manang '''Republik Turki''' ([[Hata Turki]]:''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'') i ma sada [[nagara transkontinental]] na maringanan di antara banua [[Asia]] dohot banua [[Eropa]]. [[Ankara]] do huta sabungan ni Turki, jala [[Istanbul]] gabe kota na umbalga di Turki. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Eropa-stub}} {{Asia-stub}} {{commons|Category:Turkey}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Eropa]] [[Horong:Nagara transkontinental]] ii20m1um36rputs917mlx6e9rhzfem4 0 1033 18203 12371 2026-08-22T13:43:36Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18203 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Ukraina'''<br />'''''Україна'''''</big></big> | colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Coat_of_arms_of_Ukraine.svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan :<br />[[Ще не вмерла України]]<br /> |- | align="center" width="140px" | |} |- | colspan="2" align="center" |[[Ugasan:Europe-Ukraine (1991-2014).svg|300x300px]] |} '''Ukraina''' i ma nagara na tarampe di [[Eropa]], bidangna sabalga 603,700 km². Ukraina marbalok dohot Moldova di Dangsina, di Timur Ukraina marbalok dohot Rusia, di Utara marbalok dohot Bielarus, dohot di Barat marbalok dohot Polandia, dohot Slovakia, dohot [[Hungaria]] dohot Romania. == Pustaha == {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] jkzno59eunig5jmmfiyl5nbc355m8cd 0 1034 18205 12332 2026-08-22T13:43:37Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Ulan-Ude|ᯥᯞᯉ᯲ᯥᯑᯩ}} [[Ugasan:Gerb u u.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Partanda ni Ulan-Ude]] [[Ugasan:Центр Улан-Удэ.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Pusok kota ni Ulan-Ude]] '''Ulan-Ude''' i ma sada kota na maringanan di [[Rusia]] jala huta sabungan ni [[Republik Buryatia]]. ==Kota Linduat== Kota linduat ni Ulan-Ude i ma:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ulan-ude-eg.ru/gorod/goroda-pobratimy/|title=Города-побратимы|website=Situs Resmi ni Kota Ulan-Ude|access-date=22 Juli 2021}}</ref> *[[Ugasan:Flag of South Korea.svg|25px]] [[Anyang]], [[Korea Dangsina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of the United States.svg|25px]] [[Berkeley]], [[Amerika Serikat]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cityofberkeley.info/Clerk/City_Council/Sister_Cities.aspx|title=Sister Cities - City of Berkeley, CA|website=Situs Resmi ni Kota Berkeley|access-date=22 Juli 2021}}</ref> *[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Changchun]], [[Sina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Russia.svg|25px]] [[Chita]], [[Rusia]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Mongolia.svg|25px]] [[Darkhan]], [[Mongolia]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Ukraine.svg|25px]] [[Donetsk]], [[Ukraina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Russia.svg|25px]] [[Elista]], [[Rusia]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Mongolia.svg|25px]] [[Erdenet]], [[Mongolia]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Erenhot]], [[Sina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Russia.svg|25px]] [[Grozny]], [[Rusia]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of North Korea.svg|25px]] [[Haeju]], [[Korea Utara]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Hohhot]], [[Sina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Hulunbuir]], [[Sina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Lanzhou]], [[Sina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Manzhouli]], [[Sina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Japan.svg|25px]] [[Rumoi]], [[Japang]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Mongolia.svg|25px]] [[Ulaanbaatar|Ulaanbatar]], [[Mongolia]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Ulanqab]], [[Sina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Ukraine.svg|25px]] [[Yalta]],[[Ukraina]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of Japan.svg|25px]] [[Yamagata]], [[Japang]] *[[Ugasan:Flag of South Korea.svg|25px]] [[Kabupaten Yeongwol]], [[Korea Dangsina]] ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Rusia-stub}} {{Huta sabungan di Republik Rusia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Utara]] [[Horong:Rusia]] [[Horong:Kota di Rusia]] 64jze6a62ba4tojjvfvbdga6q2q6ujv 0 1041 18383 8100 2026-08-22T16:15:40Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18383 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Bologna-vista02.jpg|thumb|[[Unipersitas Bologna]] di [[Italia]] tinompaon di taon 1088, i ma unipersitas na tumua, hata unipersitas ([[Hata Latin|Latin]]) tinandaon di tingki panompaonna]] '''Unipersitas''' ([[hata Latin]] : ''universitas'', 'saluhutna') i ma parsingkolaan na tumimbo jala panotnotan. Lehonon unipersitas do [[titel akademik]] di pigapiga ragam ni parbinotoan. Hata "''universitas''" i do tarsundut sian hulimat di hata Latin i ma ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'' lapatanonna "parsahutaon ni guru dohot sisean." Sistem unipersitas si saonari i ma tarsundut sian Unipersitas di abad partongahon na tinompa di [[Italia]], i ma di singkola pandita di tingki abad partongahon. == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parsingkolaan]] [[Horong:Parsiajaran]] su2aer7eud8xw2fjmeh8zf9yef8g7mq 0 1042 18206 12604 2026-08-22T13:43:39Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0158.jpg|thumb|Parbue ni unte]] '''Unte''' i ma sada goar ni [[suansuanan]] na marparbue. Somalna asom jala borgo do parbue ni hau unte, nang pe tong adong na tonggi daina. {{Suansuanan-stub}} {{Parbue-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] [[Horong:Parbue]] k1vc98vu7477kr1h21gvjdyjf2947w5 0 1046 18489 10194 2026-08-22T17:08:34Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18489 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Wage Rudolf Supratman.jpg|thumb|upright|<center>Wage Rudolf Soepratman</center>]] '''Wage Rudolf Soepratman''' manang jotjot digoari '''WR Soepratman''' (tubu 19 Maret 1903<!-- versi paduahon keputusan PN Purworejo 29 Maret 2007 --> - monding 17 Agustus 1938)<ref name="kemendikbud">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210309041851/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/mengenal-sang-pencipta-indonesia-raya-wage-rudolf-supratman/ ''Mengenal Sang Pencipta Indonesia Raya, Wage Rudolf Supratman''], www.kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id, Ditjen Kebudayaan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, diakses 12 Agustus 2021</ref><ref name="ensiklopedi">Said, Julinar. Wulandari, Triana (1995). [http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/8315/1/ENSIKLOPEDIA%20PAHLAWAN%20NASIONAL.pdf ''Ensiklopedi Pahlawan Nasional''] (pdf), Sub Direktorat Sejarah, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, diakses 12 Agustus 2021</ref><ref name=":0">[https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/12/31/15245892/pelurusan.sejarah.wr.supratman.harus.dilakukan ''Pelurusan Sejarah WR Supratman Harus Dilakukan''], www.nasional.kompas.com, diakses 12 Agustus 2021</ref>, ima sada guru, wartawan, parbiola, dohot sitompa ende (''komponis'') Hindia Belanda. WR Soepratman ditanda panompa ende [[logu habangsoon]] ni [[Indonesia]], "[[Indonesia Raya]]". Nasida pe gabe anggota grup musik [[Jazz]], Black and White Jazz Band.<ref>[https://www.medcom.id/hiburan/musik/8N0gmDOK-jazz-indonesia-dari-wr-supratman-ke-joey-alexander ''Jazz Indonesia, dari WR Supratman ke Joey Alexander''], www.medcom.id, diakses 12 Agustus 2021</ref> Tanggal hatutubu ni WR Soepratman ima 9 Maret 1903 (adong 2 ari diparsingot ari hatutubu ni Soepratman)<!--Versi pertama berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden RI No. 016/TK/1971-->, diojakhon gabe Hari Musik Nasional. Alani pambahenanna, nasida gabe ulubalang nasional (''pahlawan nasional Indonesia'').<ref>[http://www.laenderservice.de/hymnen/suedostasien/indonesien.aspx ''Die indonesische Nationalhymne – Indonesia Raya.''], www.laenderservice.de (hata Jerman), 12 Agustus 2021</ref> == Hangoluan na == Wage Rudolf Soepratman anak papituhon sian sia halak namarhahamaranggi. Goar ni amangna ima Djoemeno Senen Sastrosoehardjo, soldadu ni [[Koninklijk Nederlands-Indische Leger|KNIL]] Bolanda, goar ni inong na ima Siti Senen. Angkangna anak buha baju manang itona naparjolo goarna Roekijem. Ditaon 1914, Soepratman mangihut ito nai Roekijem tu [[Kota Makassar|Makassar]]. Di Makassar ma Soepratman disingkolahon lae na, amangamang ni Roekijem namargoar Willem van Eldik. Marsiajar ma Soepratman [[hata Bolanda]] di [[sikkola]] borngin tolu taon lelengna. Dung salpu i, dipatorusma sikkola tu ''[[Normaalschool]]'' di [[Kota Makassar|Makassar]]. Diumurna 20 taon, nasida gabe [[guru]] di sikkola ''Sekolah Angka 2''. Dung dua taon, nasida mandapot ijasah ''Klein Ambtenaar''. == Indonesia Raya == Tingki sikkola di Makassar, parsiajaran musik ni Soepratman mambahen nasida boi marbiola. Dung i, nasida mambahen logu. Dung pinda ma nasida tu Jakarta. Tingki di Jakarta, adongma dijaha ibana sada majalah Timbul. Sada panulis karangan di majalah i mangido angka parmusik Indonesia anso manompahon logu habangsoon. Dung manjaha i, Soepratman mulai manompahon logu. Tahun [[1924]] tubuma logu [[Indonesia Raya]]. Tingki i, Soepratman topet adong di kota Bandung marumur 21 taon. == Penghargaan == Wage Rudolf Soepratman dilehon title [[Ulubalang|Pahlawan Nasional]] sian pamerinta Indonesia dohot title Bintang Maha Putera Utama kelas III taon 1971.<ref name="sularto176">Sularto, st. Yunarti, D. Rini (2010) [http://books.google.co.id/books?id=WKO3ncloE14C ''Konflik di Balik Proklamasi: BPUPKI, PPKI, dan Kemerdekaan''], Penerbit Buku Kompas, ISBN 978-979-709-509-3, 12 Agustus 2021</ref> == Ari hatutubu == Adong partontangan di ari hatutubu ni WR Soepratman. Ari parjolo, ima mandok 9 Maret 1903 nadung diojakhon [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]] tingki nasida gabe presiden Indonesia, jala ditabalhon do tanggal 9 Maret gabe Ari Musik Nasional. Dung i, tanggal nasada nai ima [[19 Maret]] [[1903]], didok molo WR Sopratman tubu di Dukuh Trembelang, huta [[Somongari, Kaligesing, Purworejo|Somongari]], [[Kaligesing, Purworejo|Kecamatan Kaligesing]], [[Kabupaten Purworejo]], [[Jawa Tonga]]. Tungke duansa tanggal i masuk tu [[Kalender Jawa|pasaran Wage]] dipananggalan halak Jawa, pandapot on – digalang tondong ni Soepratman – dipagogo tuptupan Pengadilan Negeri Purworejo tanggal 29 Maret [[2007]].<ref name=":0" /> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ulubalang]] [[Horong:Musik]] kbsi1lneodx2i996fdmz8jvc5ponba1 0 1054 18370 16251 2026-08-22T16:15:06Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18370 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Wikipedia'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Www.wikipedia screenshot (2021).png|tepi|280px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|(Gambar ni layar multibahasa Wikipedia) |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Nupedia logo and wordmark.png|jmpl|200px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Parjolo-jolo, Wikipedia ro sian projek ensiklopedia na asing, ima margoar [[Nupedia]] <br>(''Nupedia.com the free encyclopedia'') |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''Dipajongjong''' |- |align="center" width="140px"|15 Januari 2001 |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''Sipajonjong''' |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Jimmy Wales]]<br> [[Larry Sanger]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|100px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Logo ni Wikipedia |} '''Wikipedia''' ima sada [[ensiklopedia]] [[multibahasa]] na dipadalan [[Wikimedia Foundation]], sada organisasi [[nirlaba]] namaringanan di [[Amerika Serikat]]. Goar ni Wikipedia ro sian dua hata, ima ''[[wiki]]'' dohot ''[[ensiklopedia|encyclopedia]]''. Wikipedia parjolo-jolo dipanjongjong tanggal 15 Januari 2001, sipajongjongna adong dua halak, ima [[Jimmy Wales]] dohot [[Larry Sanger]].<ref>[http://www.slweekly.com/index.cfm?do=article.details&id=37BD3969-14D1-13A2-9F5EEAF5A79E0898, "Wikipediots: Who are these devoted, even obsessive contributors to Wikipedia?" 28 Januari 2021]</ref> Sonari, Wikipedia gabe angkup ni hata marragam surirang, hatop muse maju, dohot populer sanga tarbarita di [[Internet]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130824203436/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1595184,00.html "Look Who's Using Wikipedia" Bill Tancer, ][[Time (majalah)|TIME]], diakses 28 Januari 2021</ref><ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/internetNews/idUSN0819429120070708, "Wikipedia remains go-to site for online news", diakses 28 Januari 2021]</ref> Sipareakan lopok ni Projek Wikipedia ima mangalean godang parnibotoan tu angka jolma di portibi on.<ref>[http://interviews.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=04/07/28/1351230 Wikipedia Founder Jimmy Wales Responds]. [[Slashdot]]. 28 Januari 2021</ref> == Turiturian == [[Ugasan:Jimmy Wales Fundraiser Appeal.JPG|thumb|100px|left|Jimmy Wales]] [[Ugasan:L Sanger.jpg|thumb|100px|left|Larry Sanger]] Dimula-nimulana, Wikipedia gabe sada projek panolangi ni [[Nupedia]], wikipedia gabe sada ensiklopedia bebas [[dalam jaringan|daring]]. Marragam artikel sangape barita di Wikipedia on, disurat marpiga-piga halak panurat na karejo di Nupedia.<ref>Andreas M. Kaplan, M. Haenlein (2014) Collaborative projects (social media application): About Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Business Horizons, 57 Issue 5, alaman 617-626</ref> Dungi tanggal 10 Januari 2001, [[Larry Sanger]], na pajongjong Nupedia dohot [[Jimmy Wales]], malean sada pandapot asa adong ensiklopedia berbasis [[wiki]] di [[milis]] Nupedia.<ref>[http://www.nupedia.com/pipermail/nupedia-l/2001-January/000676.html, "[Nupedia-l] Let's make a wiki (14 Apr 2003)], web.archive.org, diakses 28 Januari 2021</ref> Topet di tanggal 15 Januari 2001, Wikipedia resmi dipajongjong di situs web www.wikipedia.com. == Selayang pandang == [[Ugasan:Wikipedia 2005 Label DVD small.PNG|thumb|100px|right|[[DVD]] Wikipedia]] Adong marragam karakteristik na lumobi ponting di bagasan projek Wikipedia: * Wikipedia boima digora ansiat [[ensiklopedia]]. * Wikipedia ima sada [[wiki]] na boi disurat manang dipadenggan ''sude jolma'', kecuali panghasea na diorai manang diblok dohot kecuali sude alaman na diondihon sian plagiat. * Wikipedia marisi [[isi na bebas]] dohot mamangke [[copyleft]] [[Lisensi dokumentasi bebas GNU]]. == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} ejfjvueoa65dr8cygf1xa35017vumz5 0 1055 18371 8164 2026-08-22T16:15:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18371 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Wilhelmus'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Handschrift Brussel p-37-38.jpg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Lirik logu ni Wilhelmus na digurit di taon 1617 |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:United States Navy Band - "Het Wilhelmus".wav|140px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Musik ni "Wilhelmus" |- |} '''''Wilhelmus van Nassouwe''''', somalna ditanda '''''Wilhelmus''''', ([[Hata Bolanda|Bolanda]] : ''Het Wilhelmus'') i ma sada logu habangsaon ni [[Bolanda]]. == Lirik == On ma lirik ni logu Wilhelmus<br> '''Bindu parjolo'''<br> Wilhelmus van Nassouwe<br> ben ik, van Duitsen bloed,<br> den vaderland getrouwe<br> blijf ik tot in den doet (=dood).<br> Een Prinse van Oranje<br> ben ik, vrij onverveerd,<br> den Koning van Hispanje<br> heb ik altijd geëerd.<br> :'''Bindu paduahon'''<br> :In Godes vrees te leven<br> :heb ik altijd betracht,<br> :daarom ben ik verdreven,<br> :om land, om luid gebracht.<br> :Maar God zal mij regeren<br> :als een goed instrument,<br> :dat ik zal wederkeren<br> :in mijnen regiment.<br> '''Bindu patoluhon'''<br> Lijdt u, mijn onderzaten<br> die oprecht zijt van aard,<br> God zal u niet verlaten,<br> al zijt gij nu bezwaard.<br> Die vroom begeert te leven,<br> bidt God nacht ende dag,<br> dat Hij mij kracht zal geven,<br> dat ik u helpen mag.<br> :'''Bindu paopathon'''<br> :Lijf en goed al te samen<br> :heb ik u niet verschoond,<br> :mijn broeders hoog van namen<br> :hebben 't u ook vertoond:<br> :Graaf Adolf is gebleven<br> :in Friesland in den slag,<br> :zijn ziel in 't eeuwig leven<br> :verwacht den jongsten dag.<br> '''Bindu palimahon'''<br> Edel en hooggeboren,<br> van keizerlijken stam,<br> een vorst des rijks verkoren,<br> als een vroom christenman,<br> voor Godes woord geprezen,<br> heb ik, vrij onversaagd,<br> als een held zonder vreden<br> mijn edel bloed gewaagd.<br> :'''Bindu paonomhon'''<br> :Mijn schild ende betrouwen<br> :zijt Gij, o God mijn Heer,<br> :op U zo wil ik bouwen,<br> :Verlaat mij nimmermeer.<br> :Dat ik doch vroom mag blijven,<br> :uw dienaar t'aller stond,<br> :de tirannie verdrijven<br> :die mij mijn hart doorwondt.<br> '''Bindu papituhon'''<br> Van al die mij bezwaren<br> en mijn vervolgers zijn,<br> mijn God, wil doch bewaren<br> den trouwen dienaar dijn,<br> dat zij mij niet verrassen<br> in hunnen bozen moed,<br> hun handen niet en wassen<br> in mijn onschuldig bloed.<br> :'''Bindu paualuhon'''<br> :Als David moeste vluchten<br> :voor Sauel den tiran,<br> :zo heb ik moeten zuchten<br> :als menig edelman.<br> :Maar God heeft hem verheven,<br> :verlost uit alder nood,<br> :een koninkrijk gegeven<br> :in Israël zeer groot.<br> '''Bindu pasiahon'''<br> Na 't zuur zal ik ontvangen<br> van God mijn Heer dat zoet,<br> daarna zo doet verlangen<br> mijn vorstelijk gemoed:<br> dat is, dat ik mag sterven<br> met eren in dat veld,<br> een eeuwig rijk verwerven<br> als een getrouwen held.<br> :'''Bindu pasampuluhon'''<br> :Niet doet mij meer erbarmen<br> :in mijnen wederspoed<br> :dan dat men ziet verarmen<br> :des Konings landen goed.<br> :Dat u de Spanjaards krenken,<br> :o edel Neerland zoet,<br> :als ik daaraan gedenke,<br> :mijn edel hart dat bloedt.<br> '''Bindu pasampulusadahon'''<br> Als een prins opgezeten<br> met mijner heires-kracht,<br> van den tiran vermeten<br> heb ik den slag verwacht,<br> die, bij Maastricht begraven,<br> bevreesde mijn geweld;<br> mijn ruiters zag men draven<br> zeer moedig door dat veld.<br> :'''Bindu pasampuluduahon'''<br> :Zo het den wil des Heren<br> :op dien tijd had geweest,<br> :had ik geern willen keren<br> :van u dit zwaar tempeest.<br> :Maar de Heer van hierboven,<br> :die alle ding regeert,<br> :die men altijd moet loven,<br> :en heeft het niet begeerd.<br> '''Bindu pasampulutoluhon'''<br> Zeer christlijk was gedreven<br> mijn prinselijk gemoed,<br> standvastig is gebleven<br> mijn hart in tegenspoed.<br> Den Heer heb ik gebeden<br> uit mijnes harten grond,<br> dat Hij mijn zaak wil redden,<br> mijn onschuld maken kond.<br> :'''Bindu pasampuluopathon'''<br> :Oorlof, mijn arme schapen<br> :die zijt in groten nood,<br> :uw herder zal niet slapen,<br> :al zijt gij nu verstrooid.<br> :Tot God wilt u begeven,<br> :zijn heilzaam woord neemt aan,<br> :als vrome christen leven,-<br> :'t zal hier haast zijn gedaan.<br> '''Bindu pasampululimahon'''<br> Voor God wil ik belijden<br> en zijner groten macht,<br> dat ik tot genen tijden<br> den Koning heb veracht,<br> dan dat ik God den Heere,<br> der hoogsten Majesteit,<br> heb moeten obediëren<br> in der gerechtigheid.<br> == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende]] [[Horong:Logu Habangsoan]] j95lsfp6gm0zf9a768q5n71jxu3ydfm 0 1059 18125 16234 2026-08-22T13:15:29Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Coat of Arms of Yakutsk (Yakutia) 2012.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Partanda ni Yakutsk]] '''Yakutsk''' ([[Hata Rusia]]: Якутск, [[Hata Yakut]]: Дьокуускай, ''Cokuuskay'') i ma sada kota di [[Rusia]], jala huta sabungan ni [[Republik Sakha]]. Maringanan di 450 kilometer (280 mil) do holangna di dangsina ni [[Alit Artik]]. ==Kota Linduat== [[Kota linduat]] ni Yakutsk i ma: * [[Ugasan:Flag of the United States.svg|25px]] [[Fairbanks]], [[Amerika Serikat]] * [[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Harbin]], [[Sina]] * [[Ugasan:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|25px]] [[Heihe]], Sina * [[Ugasan:Flag of Japan.svg|25px]] [[Murayama]], [[Japang]] * [[Ugasan:Flag of Greece.svg|25px]] [[Olympia]], [[Junani]] * [[Ugasan:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|25px]] [[Yellowknife]], [[Kanada]] * [[Ugasan:Flag of South Korea.svg|25px]] [[Changwon]], [[Korea Dangsina]] * [[Ugasan:Flag of Brazil.svg|25px]] [[Caxias do Sul]], [[Brazil]] ==Pustaha== {{Huta sabungan di Republik Rusia}} [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Utara]] [[Horong:Rusia]] [[Horong:Kota di Rusia]] {{Authority control}}{{Rusia-stub}} gahp5aei6bz88pummv467fq9v3fvmor 0 1060 18369 13452 2026-08-22T16:15:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Yunnan | official_name = | native_name = {{Lang|zh-Hans|雲南}} | settlement_type = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | translit_lang1 = Name | translit_lang1_type = {{Nobold|Chinese}} | translit_lang1_info = {{Lang|zh-Hans|雲南省}} | translit_lang1_type1 = {{Nobold|[[Nuosu language|Nuosu]]}} | translit_lang1_info1 = {{Lang|ii|ꒊꆈ}} or {{Lang|ii|ꒊꆈꌜ}} ({{Transl|ii|Yypnuo}} or {{Transl|ii|Yypnuose}}) | translit_lang1_type2 = {{Nobold|[[Standard Zhuang]]}} | translit_lang1_info2 = {{Lang|za|Yinznanz}} | translit_lang1_type3 = {{Nobold|Abbreviation}} | translit_lang1_info3 = YN / {{Linktext|lang=zh|滇}} ({{Transl|zh|Diān}}) or {{Linktext|lang=zh-Hans|雲}} ({{Transl|zh|Yún}}) | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Lijiang Yunnan China Jade-Dragon-Snow-Mountain-01.jpg | photo2a = 多依樹日出20191224221513 01.jpg | photo2b = Yuantong Temple, Kunming - DSC03318.JPG | photo3a = Juyingchi.JPG | photo3b =石林正门.JPG | position = center | size = 265 | color = #F5F5F5 | border = 0 | color_border = white | text = {{Center|(clockwise from top){{Flatlist| *[[Meili Snow Mountains]] *[[Yuantong Temple]] in [[Kunming]] *[[Stone Forest]] *The [[Three Pagodas]] of [[Dali City]] *[[Honghe Hani Rice Terraces]] }} }} }} | image_map = Yunnan in China (+all claims hatched).svg | mapsize = 265px | map_alt = Map showing the location of Yunnan Province | map_caption = Map showing the location of Yunnan Province | coordinates = {{Coord|25|02|58|N|102|42|32|E|type:adm1st_region:CN-53|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = China | named_for = | established_title = [[Kingdom of Nanzhao]] | established_date = 738 | established_title2 = [[Dachanghe]] | established_date2 = 902 | established_title3 = [[Ming conquest of Yunnan|Conquered by the Ming Empire]] | established_date3 = 1381–1382 | established_title4 = [[Yunnan clique]] | established_date4 = 1915–1945 | established_title5 = [[Chinese Communist Revolution|Takeover by the]] [[People's Liberation Army]] | established_date5 = 1951 | seat_type = Capital<br/>{{Nobold|(and largest city)}} | seat = [[Kunming]] | seat1_type = | seat1 = | parts_type = Divisions | parts_style = para | p1 = 16 [[Prefectures of China|prefectures]] | p2 = 129 [[Counties of China|counties]] | p3 = 1565 [[Townships of China|townships]] | government_type = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | governing_body = [[Yunnan Provincial People's Congress]] | leader_title = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]] | leader_name = [[Wang Ning (politician, born 1961)|Wang Ning]] | leader_title1 = [[Yunnan Provincial People's Congress|Congress]] chairman | leader_name1 = Wang Ning | leader_title2 = [[Governor (China)|Governor]] | leader_name2 = [[Wang Yubo]] | leader_title3 = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] chairman | leader_name3 = [[Liu Xiaokai]] | area_footnotes = <ref name=mofcom>{{Cite web |title=Doing Business in Yunnan Province of China |url=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aroundchina/yunnan.shtml |publisher=Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic Of China |access-date=5 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107084214/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aroundchina/yunnan.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 394000 | area_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|8th]] | elevation_max_m = 6740 | elevation_max_point = [[Kawagarbo]] | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_max_rank = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_min_ft = | elevation_min_rank = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2021 |title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date=11 May 2021 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511104847/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_total = 47,209,277 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|12th]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_rank = [[Provinces of China#List of provincial level divisions|24th]] | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition | demographics1_info1 = {{Plainlist| *[[Han Chinese|Han]]: 67% *[[Yi people|Yi]]: 11% *[[Bai people|Bai]]: 3.6% *[[Hani people|Hani]]: 3.4% *[[Zhuang people|Zhuang]]: 2.7% *[[Dai people|Dai]]: 2.7% *[[Miao people|Miao]]: 2.5% *[[Hui people|Hui]]: 1.5% *[[Tibetan people|Tibetan]]: 0.3% *[[Palaung people|De'ang]] (Ta'ang): 0.19% }} | demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialects | demographics1_info2 = {{Ubl|[[Southwestern Mandarin]]|25 [[#Languages|ethnic minority languages]]}} | iso_code = CN-YN| | blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] <span style="font-weight: normal;">(2021)</span> | blank_info_sec1 = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 2.714 trillion<br />[[USD|$]] 420 billion ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP|18th]])<ref name="data2021">GDP-2021 is a preliminary data {{Cite press release |url=http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0102 |title=Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province |publisher=China NBS |date=March 1, 2022 |access-date=March 23, 2022 |archive-date=March 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330081935/http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0102 |url-status=live }}</ref> | blank1_name_sec1 = &nbsp;- per capita | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 57,882 <br />USD 8,970 ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita|26th]]) | blank2_name_sec1 = &nbsp;• growth | blank2_info_sec1 = {{Increase}} 7.3% | blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{Nobold|(2019)}} | blank_info_sec2 = {{Increase}} 0.691<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0 |title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab |website=globaldatalab.org |access-date=2020-04-17 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015724/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>{{Color|#FFA500|medium}} · [[List of administrative divisions of Greater China by Human Development Index|27th]] | website = {{Url|www.yn.gov.cn}} }} '''Yunnan''' ([[Hata Mandarin]]: 雲南省) i ma sada [[propinsi]] na adong di [[Tiongkok]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 394,000 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 47,209,277 halak (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2021 |title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date=11 May 2021 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref>. == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Sina]] svt60awye12whzgeyxak2gndyvnavy2 18528 18369 2026-08-22T18:45:04Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Yunnan | official_name = | native_name = {{Lang|zh-Hans|雲南}} | settlement_type = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | translit_lang1 = Name | translit_lang1_type = {{Nobold|Chinese}} | translit_lang1_info = {{Lang|zh-Hans|雲南省}} | translit_lang1_type1 = {{Nobold|[[Nuosu language|Nuosu]]}} | translit_lang1_info1 = {{Lang|ii|ꒊꆈ}} or {{Lang|ii|ꒊꆈꌜ}} ({{Transl|ii|Yypnuo}} or {{Transl|ii|Yypnuose}}) | translit_lang1_type2 = {{Nobold|[[Standard Zhuang]]}} | translit_lang1_info2 = {{Lang|za|Yinznanz}} | translit_lang1_type3 = {{Nobold|Abbreviation}} | translit_lang1_info3 = YN / {{Linktext|lang=zh|滇}} ({{Transl|zh|Diān}}) or {{Linktext|lang=zh-Hans|雲}} ({{Transl|zh|Yún}}) | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Lijiang Yunnan China Jade-Dragon-Snow-Mountain-01.jpg | photo2a = 多依樹日出20191224221513 01.jpg | photo2b = Yuantong Temple, Kunming - DSC03318.JPG | photo3a = Juyingchi.JPG | photo3b =石林正门.JPG | position = center | size = 265 | color = #F5F5F5 | border = 0 | color_border = white | text = {{Center|(clockwise from top){{Flatlist| *[[Meili Snow Mountains]] *[[Yuantong Temple]] in [[Kunming]] *[[Stone Forest]] *The [[Three Pagodas]] of [[Dali City]] *[[Honghe Hani Rice Terraces]] }} }} }} | image_map = Yunnan in China (+all claims hatched).svg | mapsize = 265px | map_alt = Map showing the location of Yunnan Province | map_caption = Map showing the location of Yunnan Province | coordinates = {{Coord|25|02|58|N|102|42|32|E|type:adm1st_region:CN-53|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = China | named_for = | established_title = [[Kingdom of Nanzhao]] | established_date = 738 | established_title2 = [[Dachanghe]] | established_date2 = 902 | established_title3 = [[Ming conquest of Yunnan|Conquered by the Ming Empire]] | established_date3 = 1381–1382 | established_title4 = [[Yunnan clique]] | established_date4 = 1915–1945 | established_title5 = [[Chinese Communist Revolution|Takeover by the]] [[People's Liberation Army]] | established_date5 = 1951 | seat_type = Capital<br/>{{Nobold|(and largest city)}} | seat = [[Kunming]] | seat1_type = | seat1 = | parts_type = Divisions | parts_style = para | p1 = 16 [[Prefectures of China|prefectures]] | p2 = 129 [[Counties of China|counties]] | p3 = 1565 [[Townships of China|townships]] | government_type = [[Provinces of China|Province]] | governing_body = [[Yunnan Provincial People's Congress]] | leader_title = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]] | leader_name = [[Wang Ning (politician, born 1961)|Wang Ning]] | leader_title1 = [[Yunnan Provincial People's Congress|Congress]] chairman | leader_name1 = Wang Ning | leader_title2 = [[Governor (China)|Governor]] | leader_name2 = [[Wang Yubo]] | leader_title3 = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] chairman | leader_name3 = [[Liu Xiaokai]] | area_footnotes = <ref name=mofcom>{{Cite web |title=Doing Business in Yunnan Province of China |url=http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aroundchina/yunnan.shtml |publisher=Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic Of China |access-date=5 August 2013 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107084214/http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/aroundchina/yunnan.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 394000 | area_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by area|8th]] | elevation_max_m = 6740 | elevation_max_point = [[Kawagarbo]] | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_max_rank = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_point = | elevation_min_ft = | elevation_min_rank = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2021 |title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date=11 May 2021 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511104847/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_total = 47,209,277 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_rank = [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population|12th]] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_rank = [[Provinces of China#List of provincial level divisions|24th]] | demographics_type1 = Demographics | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Ethnic composition | demographics1_info1 = {{Plainlist| *[[Han Chinese|Han]]: 67% *[[Yi people|Yi]]: 11% *[[Bai people|Bai]]: 3.6% *[[Hani people|Hani]]: 3.4% *[[Zhuang people|Zhuang]]: 2.7% *[[Dai people|Dai]]: 2.7% *[[Miao people|Miao]]: 2.5% *[[Hui people|Hui]]: 1.5% *[[Tibetan people|Tibetan]]: 0.3% *[[Palaung people|De'ang]] (Ta'ang): 0.19% }} | demographics1_title2 = Languages and dialects | demographics1_info2 = {{Ubl|[[Southwestern Mandarin]]|25 [[#Languages|ethnic minority languages]]}} | iso_code = CN-YN| | blank_name_sec1 = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] <span style="font-weight: normal;">(2021)</span> | blank_info_sec1 = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 2.714 trillion<br />[[USD|$]] 420 billion ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP|18th]])<ref name="data2021">GDP-2021 is a preliminary data {{Cite press release |url=http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0102 |title=Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province |publisher=China NBS |date=March 1, 2022 |access-date=March 23, 2022 |archive-date=March 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330081935/http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0102 |url-status=live }}</ref> | blank1_name_sec1 = &nbsp;- per capita | blank1_info_sec1 = [[Renminbi|CNY]] 57,882 <br />USD 8,970 ([[List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita|26th]]) | blank2_name_sec1 = &nbsp;• growth | blank2_info_sec1 = {{Increase}} 7.3% | blank_name_sec2 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] {{Nobold|(2019)}} | blank_info_sec2 = {{Increase}} 0.691<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0 |title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab |website=globaldatalab.org |access-date=2020-04-17 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112015724/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/?interpolation=0&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><br/>{{Color|#FFA500|medium}} · [[List of administrative divisions of Greater China by Human Development Index|27th]] | website = {{Url|www.yn.gov.cn}} }} '''Yunnan''' ([[Hata Mandarin]]: 雲南省) i ma sada [[propinsi]] na adong di [[Tiongkok]]. Bidang ni tanona ima 394,000 km², jala godang ni ruasna ima 47,209,277 halak (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2021 |title=Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3) |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202105/t20210510_1817188.html |access-date=11 May 2021 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}</ref>. == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Sina]] nk0js87gjrhrnh3amnkwoz2fbj612kc 0 1101 18402 15238 2026-08-22T16:29:25Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha sada|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯘᯑ}} '''Sipaha sada''' manang si paha sada i ma bulan na patujolo di [[Parhalaan Batak]].<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 55</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] 3jk7yw2aaf95qoa64ri33po6fdl7hts 0 1134 18214 15814 2026-08-22T13:48:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Amazing Grace''''' i ma sada [[himne]] [[Kristen]] na dibahen pandita [[Inggeris|Inggeris]] [[Anglikan]] na margoar [[John Newton]] (1725-1807). Himne on mansai tarbarita, tarlumobi di [[Amerika Serikat]], didia pe ende i dipangke di hagunaon [[ugamo]] dohot [[sekuler]].{{Porlu pustaha}} Newton manurat ende i dohot bitik ni ngoluna; tubu do ibana sopola adong haporseaon, alai ngoluna godang do legot-legot dohot sitoha. Imana ihut [[Angkatan Laut ni Harajaon Britania Raya|Angkatan Laut ni Harajaon Britania Raya (Royal Navy)]], dungkon sai masa imana disi ro do ibana marboniaga hatoban di [[Samudera Atlantik]]. Di taon 1748, tartopar do parauna alani habahaba na godang di topi [[Luat Donegal]], [[Irlandia]]. Ibana mangido ni Debata dipanesa. I ma titik didia ibana nuaeng porsea di Debata. Nangpe porsea di Debata ibana, dang marsadi do ibana marboniaga hatoban ro di taon 1754 manang 1755. Newton nuaeng marsiajar teologi ni Kristen dohot haduan gabe [[abolisionis]]. {{Musik-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ende Kristen]] h3drzxv4hr8eyhkbu3v7nhv30oothau 0 1135 18404 13222 2026-08-22T16:29:43Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:اسلام مزخرفة.jpg|thumb|right|upright|<center>Surat Arab</center>]] '''Silom''' ([[Surat Arab|Arab]]: الاسلام, [[Hata Indonesia]]: ''Islam'') i ma sada [[Ugamo Abrahamik]] [[Monoteisme|monoteistik]] namangihuthon ajaran ni [[Muhammad|Nabi Muhammad SAW]], ansiat pusok poda di bagasan ugamo Islam. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Islam|Silom}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ugamo]] [[Horong:Silom]] ljry6oxxcy9pdpakyh9nkxibjiq6ib5 0 1137 18167 16274 2026-08-22T13:35:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Nituna|ᯉᯪᯖᯮᯉ}} [[Ugasan:Gemini IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Nituna di bagian utara ni Bola Langit]] '''Nituna''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: मिथुन, ''mithuna''; [[hata Latin]]: ''Gemini'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Mětuna''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma silinduat) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]] na maringanan di [[bola langit utara]]. Simbol [[astronomi]] na robi ni Nituna i ma [[Image:Gemini symbol (Moskowitz, fixed width).svg|20px]] (♊︎). ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] rcf9ka2e5y9xi97s7guitbtv8m1v8uh 0 1146 18527 17184 2026-08-22T18:44:53Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siraja Batak''' ([[Surat Batak|Batak Toba]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯘᯪᯒᯐᯅᯖᯂ᯲}}) i ma [[:en:eponym|eponim]] di bagasan adat [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], hata na dibahen gabe panjou goar ni ompung na parjolo sian [[halak Batak]] (''bangso Batak''). Di siganup [[tarombo]] ni halak Batak, hata on do gabe goar ni ompung sijolo-jolo tubu ni halak Batak. Molo dienet sian turiturian ni halak Batak, Siraja Batak ro sian [[Sianjur Mulamula, Samosir|Sianjur Mulamula]], [[Kabupaten Samosir|Samosir]]. <ref>{{Cite web|last=bonauli|title=Sianjur Mulamula, Desa Batak Pertama yang Sakti Mandraguna|url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-5632781/sianjur-mulamula-desa-batak-pertama-yang-sakti-mandraguna|website=detikTravel|language=id|access-date=2022-03-21}}</ref> Siraja Batak dihaposi gabe pardomuan ni sude [[Marga ni halak Batak|marga-marga Batak]] na adong di di hasiangan on. == Asal == [[Si Boru Deak Parujar]], boru ni [[Batara Guru]], dipatoho tu anak ni [[Mangala Bulan]], i ma [[Raja Odapodap]]. Alai ditulak Si Boru Deak Parujar. Diulahon ma sada sarat asa gabe sundat hasohotannai, i ma ala ibana naeng pasaehon pitu tonun ni bonang. Di ujung ni ari, Si Boru Deak Parujar, na mangolu di bagasan hapunjungon, manolopi parbagason tu Raja Odapodap. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jejak Batak, Siraja Batak – LAKE TOBA|url=https://laketoba.travel/jejak-batak-siraja-batak/|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-03-21|archive-date=2022-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518133446/https://laketoba.travel/jejak-batak-siraja-batak/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>Nasida dibasabasahon linduat, sada baoa ima na margoar Raja Ihat Manisia jala sada boru ima na margoar Boru Itam Manisia. Ia nasida dibasabasahon tolu anak, ima Si Raja Miokmiok, Si Patundal Nabegu, dohot Si Aji Lampaslampas.<ref>https://www.hariansib.com/detail/Marsipature-Hutanabe/Perkampungan-Si-Raja-Batak--Jejak-Peradaban-Bangso-Batak</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=LEGENDA SIRAJA BATAK|url=https://www.obatak.id/2015/03/legenda-siraja-batak.html|website=OBATAK|access-date=2022-03-21}}</ref> Siraja Miokmiok dipangoli tu Si Boru Mansur Purnama jala dibasabasahon tu nasida sada anak na digoari Eng Banua. Eng Banua mangalap Boru Siuman jala dibasabasahon tolu anak ima, Siraja Ujung, Siraja Jau, dohot Siraja Bonangbonang. Siraja Bonangbonang di ujung ni ari marianakkon sada anak na margoar Siraja Tantan Debata. Siraja Tantan Debata i ma na gabe natoras ni Siraja Batak. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Institute|first=Batak|date=2021-08-03|title=Awal Silsilah Marga Batak|url=https://tokoh.id/literasi/awal-silsilah-marga-batak/|website=TOKOH INDONESIA {{!}} TokohIndonesia.com {{!}} Tokoh.id|language=Indonesia|access-date=2022-03-21}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak Toba]] [[Horong:Batak]] 4hbrgez5wmb9mo1o67ty41rt3jyk5ka 0 1180 18196 13586 2026-08-22T13:41:25Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18196 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, official presidential portrait (2009).jpg|jmpl|right|150px|Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] Jenderal TNI (HOR) (Purn.) Prof. Dr. H. '''Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono''', M.A., (tubu; Pacitan, 09 September 1949) ima sada politisi dohot militer marhabangsaon Indonesia, jala hea manjalo tohonan gabe Presiden Republik Indonesia Ke-6.<ref>{{Cite web|last=alex|date=2020-07-05|title=Minta Bertemu AHY, DPP GMNI: AHY Diminta Maju Sebagai Calon Presiden Pilpres 2024|url=http://www.nttonlinenow.com/new-2016/2020/07/05/minta-bertemu-ahy-dpp-gmni-ahy-diminta-maju-sebagai-calon-presiden-pilpres-2024/|website=NTTONLINE|language=id-ID|access-date=2020-11-12|archive-date=2020-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117105132/http://www.nttonlinenow.com/new-2016/2020/07/05/minta-bertemu-ahy-dpp-gmni-ahy-diminta-maju-sebagai-calon-presiden-pilpres-2024/|dead-url=no}}</ref> Andorang so hundul ibana di langkatang ni pamarentaon, hea do SBY manohon gabe [[Mentri Koordinator, Politik, Sosial, dan Keamanan]] di masa pamarentaon ni presiden [[Abdurrahman Wahid]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Jujur ni ngolu-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Presiden ni Indonesia]] 81mpcu92z0eeivcrscnlpq39vqr2lmt 0 1182 18158 16326 2026-08-22T13:30:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Mesa (pormesa na sampulu dua)|ᯔᯩᯘ(ᯇᯬᯒ᯲ᯔᯩᯘᯉᯘᯔ᯲ᯇᯮᯞᯮᯑᯮᯋ)}} [[Ugasan:Aries IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Mesa di bagian utara ni Bola Langit]] '''Mesa''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: मेष, ''Meṣa''; [[hata Latin]]: ''Aries'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Mesa''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma birubiru) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]]. Inganan ni Mesa i ma di [[bola langit utara]], di antara [[Mena]] di bagian pastima dohot [[Morsoba]] di bagian purba. Simbol astronomi na robi ni Mesa i ma (♈︎). ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] q9dt0pn6f4qhfn9u73m3ymwausv0kvg 0 1202 18148 12685 2026-08-22T13:29:37Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Panorama of Anfield with new main stand (29676137824).jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Anfield|Stadion Anfield]], bagas ni Liverpool FC]] '''''Liverpool Football Club''''' i ma sada klub sipak bola na maringanan di [[Liverpool]], [[Inggeris]]. Ditubuhon di taon 1892, Liverpool mamulahon pertandingan kandangna di [[Anfield|Stadion Anfield ]] na marjarak 4,8 km sian pusat kota.{{Porlu pustaha}} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Klub-sb-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Klub sipak bola]] 7zisdck92xv7vmau4ix5zlp4hcytx4n 0 1205 18272 13791 2026-08-22T14:04:35Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Idioma tamil.png|thumb|right|Tapok naposo hata Tamil.]] '''Hata Tamil''' i ma sada parhataan dipangke [[Halak Tamil]] na maringanan di [[India Dangsina]]. ==Aksara== [[Surat Tamil]] dipangke manggurithon hata Tamil na marbingkas sian sistem panggurithon [[abugida]]. {| class="wikitable" lang="ta" style="text-align: center" |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" scope="col" | {{lang|en|Tolkāppiyam<br/>consonants}} ! colspan="12" scope="col" | {{lang|en|Vowels}} |- ! scope="col" | ∅ a ! scope="col" | ா ā ! scope="col" | ி<br/>i ! scope="col" | ீ<br/>ī ! scope="col" | ு<br/>u ! scope="col" | ூ<br/>ū ! scope="col" | ெ<br/>e ! scope="col" | ே<br/>ē ! scope="col" | ை<br/>ai ! scope="col" | ொ<br/>o ! scope="col" | ோ<br/>ō ! scope="col" | ௌ<br/>au |- ! colspan="2" |∅ (Independent) |அ |ஆ |இ |ஈ |உ |ஊ |எ |ஏ |ஐ |ஒ |ஓ |ஔ |- !க் !k |க |கா |கி |கீ |கு |கூ |கெ |கே |கை |கொ |கோ |கௌ |- !ங் !ṅ |ங |ஙா |ஙி |ஙீ |ஙு |ஙூ |ஙெ |ஙே |ஙை |ஙொ |ஙோ |ஙௌ |- !ச் !c |ச |சா |சி |சீ |சு |சூ |செ |சே |சை |சொ |சோ |சௌ |- !ஞ் !ñ |ஞ |ஞா |ஞி |ஞீ |ஞு |ஞூ |ஞெ |ஞே |ஞை |ஞொ |ஞோ |ஞௌ |- !ட் !ṭ |ட |டா |டி |டீ |டு |டூ |டெ |டே |டை |டொ |டோ |டௌ |- !ண் !ṇ |ண |ணா |ணி |ணீ |ணு |ணூ |ணெ |ணே |ணை |ணொ |ணோ |ணௌ |- !த் !t |த |தா |தி |தீ |து |தூ |தெ |தே |தை |தொ |தோ |தௌ |- !ந் !n |ந |நா |நி |நீ |நு |நூ |நெ |நே |நை |நொ |நோ |நௌ |- !ப் !p |ப |பா |பி |பீ |பு |பூ |பெ |பே |பை |பொ |போ |பௌ |- !ம் !m |ம |மா |மி |மீ |மு |மூ |மெ |மே |மை |மொ |மோ |மௌ |- !ய் !y |ய |யா |யி |யீ |யு |யூ |யெ |யே |யை |யொ |யோ |யௌ |- !ர் !r |ர |ரா |ரி |ரீ |ரு |ரூ |ரெ |ரே |ரை |ரொ |ரோ |ரௌ |- !ல் !l |ல |லா |லி |லீ |லு |லூ |லெ |லே |லை |லொ |லோ |லௌ |- !வ் !v |வ |வா |வி |வீ |வு |வூ |வெ |வே |வை |வொ |வோ |வௌ |- !ழ் !ḻ |ழ |ழா |ழி |ழீ |ழு |ழூ |ழெ |ழே |ழை |ழொ |ழோ |ழௌ |- !ள் !ḷ |ள |ளா |ளி |ளீ |ளு |ளூ |ளெ |ளே |ளை |ளொ |ளோ |ளௌ |- !ற் !ṟ |ற |றா |றி |றீ |று |றூ |றெ |றே |றை |றொ |றோ |றௌ |- !ன் !ṉ |ன |னா |னி |னீ |னு |னூ |னெ |னே |னை |னொ |னோ |னௌ |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" lang="ta" |+{{lang|en|Grantha compound table}} |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" scope="col" | {{lang|en|Grantha<br/>consonants}} ! colspan="12" scope="col" | {{lang|en|Vowels}} |- ! scope="col" | ∅ a ! scope="col" | ா ā ! scope="col" | ி<br />i ! scope="col" | ீ<br />ī ! scope="col" | ு<br />u ! scope="col" | ூ<br />ū ! scope="col" | ெ<br />e ! scope="col" | ே<br />ē ! scope="col" | ை<br />ai ! scope="col" | ொ<br />o ! scope="col" | ோ<br />ō ! scope="col" | ௌ<br />au |- !ஶ் !ś |ஶ |ஶா |ஶி |ஶீ |ஶு |ஶூ |ஶெ |ஶே |ஶை |ஶொ |ஶோ |ஶௌ |- !ஜ் !j |ஜ |ஜா |ஜி |ஜீ |ஜு |ஜூ |ஜெ |ஜே |ஜை |ஜொ |ஜோ |ஜௌ |- !ஷ் !ṣ |ஷ |ஷா |ஷி |ஷீ |ஷு |ஷூ |ஷெ |ஷே |ஷை |ஷொ |ஷோ |ஷௌ |- !ஸ் !s |ஸ |ஸா |ஸி |ஸீ |ஸு |ஸூ |ஸெ |ஸே |ஸை |ஸொ |ஸோ |ஸௌ |- !ஹ் !h |ஹ |ஹா |ஹி |ஹீ |ஹு |ஹூ |ஹெ |ஹே |ஹை |ஹொ |ஹோ |ஹௌ |- !க்ஷ் !kṣ |க்ஷ |க்ஷா |க்ஷி |க்ஷீ |க்ஷு |க்ஷூ |க்ஷெ |க்ஷே |க்ஷை |க்ஷொ |க்ஷோ |க்ஷௌ |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Parhataan-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Tamil]] keoxayl6if1opi79h9grnevh74tcxvf 0 1207 18157 16299 2026-08-22T13:30:26Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Mena|ᯔᯩᯉ}} [[Ugasan:Pisces IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Mena di bagian utara ni [[Bola Langit]]]] '''Mena''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: मीन, ''mīna''; [[hata Latin]]:''Pisces'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Mena''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma dengke) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]] na maringanan di [[bola langit utara]]. Simbol astronomi na robi ni Mena i ma (♓︎). ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] nvwso0liqovwckomgzgdf2lecodahy1 0 1208 18273 12798 2026-08-22T14:04:37Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Idioma telugu.png|thumb|Luat na marhata Telugu]] '''Hata Telugu''' i ma sada parhataan na bongot tu [[ragam parhataan Dravidia]] di [[India]]. {{Parhataan-stub}} {{India-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:India]] [[Horong:Telugu]] [[Horong:Parhataan]] 27jl3d4uz8645ndxuabtkchgnjl4ruj 0 1217 18163 16320 2026-08-22T13:30:50Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Morsoba|ᯔᯬᯒ᯲ᯘᯬᯅ}} [[Ugasan:Taurus IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Morsoba]] '''Morsoba''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: वृषभ, ''vṛṣabha''; [[hata Latin]]: ''Taurus'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Měrsěba''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma horbo) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]] na maringanan di [[bola langit utara]]. Simbol [[astronomi]] na robi sian Morsoba i ma (♉︎), na marrupahon ulu ni horbo. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] 6hu4w5lk7pnuotu665s49paqbnb2w5k 0 1228 18239 16501 2026-08-22T13:54:10Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18239 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:22em; background:#fff6d9; text-align:center; font-size:95%; background-color:#F9F9F9; border:1px solid #AAAAAA; clear:right; color:black; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em;" !style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;"| Chennai ([[Hata Indonesia|Indonesia]] )<br/> {{Script/Batak|ᯘᯩᯉᯤ}} ([[Hata Batak Toba|Batak Toba]])<br/> சென்னை ([[Hata Tamil|Tamil]]) |- |- |style="border:none; padding:8px 0 0 0;"| |- | |- |style="border:none; padding:4px 0 8px 0; line-height:11pt; font-size:95%;"| |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Nagara |- | [[India]] |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Parhataan |- | [[Tamil]] |- |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Ugamo |- | [[Hindu]] (80,73%) ,[[Hakristenon|Kristen]](7,72%), [[Buddha]], [[Yahudi]], [[Jainisme]] |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Bilangan ni jolma |- |6,748,026 (2011)<ref>http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf</ref> |- |} [[File:WTC UnderConst.jpg|thumb|Parbangunan Panagolan Internasional Chennai]] [[File:Chennai - bird's-eye view.jpg|thumb|[[Pasisir Marina]], Chennai]] [[File:Chennai metro during trail run.JPG|thumb|Chennai]] [[File:Santhome Basilica.jpg|thumb|[[Katedral Basilika Siom-Sioman Nasional Santo Thomas]]]] [[File:Phoenix Market City (21812542780).jpg|thumb|Phoenix Market City]] '''Chennai''' ([[Surat Batak]]: {{Script/Batak|ᯘᯩᯉᯤ}}; [[Hata Tamil]]: சென்னை), jinou do pe '''Madras''', i ma huta sabungan jala kota na umbalga di [[Tamil Nadu]], sala sada nagara bagian ni [[India]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{India-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:India]] [[Horong:Tamil]] ds1iy96rw5crqyit0ntghnm4ifhp6fg 0 1230 18392 15538 2026-08-22T16:27:47Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18392 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Resurrection (24).jpg|thumb|220px|right|Paskah, ima ari haheheon ni Jesus Kristus sian hamatean di ari patoluhon dung dikubur]] '''Paskah''' (Latin: ''Páscha''; Junani: Πάσχα, dijaha ''Paskha''; Aram: פַּסחא, dijaha ''Pasḥa''; sian hata Heber: פֶּסַח, dijaha ''Pesaḥ''<ref name="definisi">[http://paskah.sabda.org/definisi_paskah Definisi Paskah]</ref>) ima sada ari raya naponting di gareja Kristen. Dihaporseaan ni [[Kristen]], Paskah bagian ni pardalanan ni [[Jesus]], porsaya tingki Jesus disilang, mate, dikubur, dungi [[Parheheon ni Jesus|hehe]] ma diari patoluhon. Mate diari Jumat sore, hehe diari patoluhon, ima ari minggu. Dihata Indonesia, hamamatean ni Jesus diari Jumat didok mai "Jumat Agung", jala Paskah dihata Indonesia somalna didok "Minggu Paskah", "Hari Kebangkitan" manang "Minggu Kebangkitan". == Pustaha == [[Category:Kristen]] <references />{{Authority control}} pw8sq713s5lmsz3mcw2rgdw4l045yb1 0 1233 18262 16279 2026-08-22T14:04:21Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Hania|ᯂᯉᯪᯛ}} [[Ugasan:Virgo IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Hania di Bola Langit]] '''Hania''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: कन्या, ''kanyā''; [[hata Latin]]: ''Virgo'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Kania''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma anak boru) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]]. Maringanan di antara [[Singa (pormesa na sampulu dua)|Singa]] di bariba pastima dohot [[Tula (pormesa na sampulu dua)|Tula]] di bariba purba, jala gabe pormesa na sampulu dua paduahon na umbalga di langit (naung [[Hydra]]). ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] 80giawkeo2hn1bl8iwochpesbxaopxs 0 1240 18191 16260 2026-08-22T13:41:19Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Singa (pormesa na sampulu dua)|ᯘᯪᯝ(ᯇᯬᯒ᯲ᯔᯩᯘᯉᯘᯔ᯲ᯇᯮᯞᯮᯑᯮᯋ)}} [[Ugasan:Leo IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Singa di Bola Langit]] '''Singa''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: सिंह, ''siṃha''; [[hata Latin]]: ''Leo'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Singa''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma singa) i ma sada pormesa na sampulu dua. Maringanan di [[Bola Langit Utara]], di antara [[Harahata]] di bariba pastima dohot [[Hania]] di bariba purba. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] 3ywekwghi9k31gp2q2w9staya58i9if 0 1241 18202 13344 2026-08-22T13:43:34Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Tula (pormesa na sampulu dua)|ᯖᯮᯞ(ᯇᯒᯬ᯲ᯔᯩᯘᯉᯘᯔ᯲ᯇᯮᯞᯮᯑᯮᯋ)}} [[Ugasan:Libra IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Tula di Bola Langit]] '''Tula''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: तुल, ''tula''; [[hata Latin]]: ''Libra'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Tula''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma timbangan) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]] jala maringanan di [[Bola Langit Dangsina]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] fkzsbvvjkkpszxv8lm1sdl1jzjlc30n 0 1251 18304 9776 2026-08-22T14:10:46Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18304 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Manuscript in Toba-Batak language, central Sumatra, early 1800s - Robert C. Williams Paper Museum - DSC00360.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Manuskrip [[hata Batak Toba]] sian taon 1800an]] '''Hata''' ([[Surat Batak]]: ᯂᯖ, [[Hata Indonesia]]: '''Bahasa'''<ref name="KBBI">{{cite web |title=Cari "''Bahasa''" dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) |language=id |url= https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/bahasa |work=Badan Pengembangan Bahasa dan Perbukuan|publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia}}</ref>) i ma sada hagogoon na diarihon [[halak]] tu markomikasi dohot halak alit manggunahon partinandaan, umpamana manghatai huhut gulmiton. Raksa na mangguruhon hata didokhon [[linguistik]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} == Pranala ruar == {{Commons|Category:Language}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Hata]] dt5s0rt5smxg1grzc2nlayrt94g1qn5 0 1252 18164 16317 2026-08-22T13:30:54Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Mortiha|ᯔᯬᯒ᯲ᯖᯪᯂ}} [[Ugasan:Scorpius IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Mortiha]] '''Mortiha''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: वृश्चिक, ''vṛścika''; [[hata Latin]]: ''Scorpio'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Měrtika''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma hala) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]] na maringanan di [[bola langit dangsina]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] 9u978768xfpj8oehcntlzovs1i814gq 0 1254 18264 16304 2026-08-22T14:04:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Harahata|ᯂᯒᯂᯖ}} [[Ugasan:Cancer IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Harahata di bola langit utara]] '''Harahata''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: कर्कट ''Karkaṭa''; [[hata Latin]]: ''Cancer'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Měrkata''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma gurampang) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]] jala maringanan di [[bola langit utara]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] 3bla9ktijgbazcvoep5xcf61xqwym1e 0 1255 18240 16301 2026-08-22T13:54:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Dano|ᯑᯉᯬ}} [[Ugasan:Sagittarius IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Dano di bola langit dangsina]] '''Dano''' ([[hata Sansekerta]]: धनु, ''dhanu'';[[hata Latin]]: ''Sagittarius'', [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Dahanu''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>, lapatanna i ma pamangke pana) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]] jala maringanan di [[bola langit dangsina]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] pa3uun5ds0vjl5pw8c89uf2phy16ocb 0 1256 18151 16296 2026-08-22T13:29:51Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Mahara|ᯔᯂᯒ}} [[Ugasan:Capricornus IAU.svg|200px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Mahara]] '''Mahara''' ([[hata Latin]]: ''Capricornus'', lapatanna i ma hambing; [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Makara''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]] jala marbatasan dohot [[Aquila]], [[Dano]], [[Microscopium]], [[Piscis Austrinus]], dohot [[Morhumba]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] pjab0dvxzj2ume3zkjmy02vk7ro70aq 0 1257 18162 15435 2026-08-22T13:30:46Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Morhumba|ᯔᯬᯒ᯲ᯂᯮᯔ᯲ᯅ}} [[Ugasan:Aquarius (aqr).tif|thumb|Inganan ni Morhumba]] '''Morhumba''' ([[hata Latin]]: ''Aquarius'', lapatanna i ma siboan aek; [[hata Batak Karo]]: ''Kumba''<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 48</ref>) i ma sada [[pormesa na sampulu dua]] na maringanan di antara [[Dano]] dohot [[Mena]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pormesa na sampulu dua]] [[Horong:Astronomi]] 02beirvxy8mzablbslluioqrdejhy3h 0 1265 18291 9814 2026-08-22T14:07:39Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak Pengetahuan Etnonim |root=திராவிடர் <br/> ദ്രാവിഡർ <br/> ద్రావిడ ప్రజలు <Br/> দ্রাবিড় জাতি (Dravida) |person= [[Halak Tamil|தமிழர் Tamiḻar]] <br/> [[Halak Telugu| తెలుగు వారు Telugu vāru]] <br/> [[Halak Malayali|മലയാളികൾ malayāḷikal]] <br/> [[Halak Irula | இருளர் Irulakar]]<br/> ಕನ್ನಡಿಗರು Kannadigas <Br/> براہوئی Brahui |people= Dravida |language=[[Hata Tamil|தமிழ் Tamiḻ]] <Br/> Hata Telugu <Br/> Hata Malayaram |country=[[India]] <br/> [[Sri Lanka]] <br/> [[Singapura]] <Br/> [[Indonesia]] <br/> [[Malaysia]] <br/> [[Mauritius]] <br/> [[Amerika Syarikat]] <br/> [[Kanada]] }} Halak Dravida ima sada bangso manang punguan bangso na marmarga di [[India|India Bagian Selatan]] dan [[Sri Lanka]].Halak Dravida do bangso na marhata Dravidian songon [[Halak Tamil|Tamil]], [[Halak Telugu|Telugu]], Kannada, Tulu, dohot Malayalam. Halak Dravida mangolu sajan ni bangso na imana maradong do di India Bagian Selatan dan Sri Lanka Bagian Utara.Halak Dravida na martubu tu luat na asing di [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Maldives]], [[Nepal]], dohot [[Bhutan]].<ref name="LouisSteever2015">{{cite book |last1=Louis |first1=Rosenblatt |author-link1=Rosenblatt Louis |last2=Steever |first2=Sanford B. |title=The Dravidian Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n2DxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA388 |access-date=18 October 2016 |date=15 April 2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-91164-4 |page=388}}</ref> <ref name="karim">{{cite journal|author= Razaul Karim Faquire|title= Language situation in Bangladesh|journal= The Dhaka University Studies|url= https://www.academia.edu/3788700|volume= 67|issue= 2|pages= 7|year= 2010|issn= 1562-7195|oclc= 11674036}}</ref> ,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14210/NP | title=Dhangar Oraon in Nepal |quote=Dhangar Oraon people of Nepal speak Kurukh, also Kurux, Oraon or Uranw, as their native language. Which is a Dravidian language}}</ref> Halak on do nunga jadi warga negara di [[Indonesia]],[[Singapura]], [[Mauritius]], [[Malaysia]], France, South Africa, Myanmar, East Africa, Caribbean, dohot [[United Arab Emirates]] alana migrasi na baru. ==Asal mula== Proto-Dravida marboasa di [[peradaban Indus]], manandakan tanggal tentatif Proto-Dravida di awal bagian milenium ketiga SM, gabe banya bahasa Dravida. Dravida Bagian Selatan I (termasuk pra-Tamil) dan Dravida Bagian Selatan II (termasuk pra-Telugu) nunga gabe dua di abad kesebelas SM, dohot cabang utama lainnya gabe dua pada waktu yang sama. Asal mula halak Dravida adalah topik penelitian dan perdebatan yang sangat rumit. Beberapa bukti manandakan keluarga bahasa na mandok di subkontinen India, tapi halak na ima mangalului asal usul praneolitik dari Asia Barat, terkhusus dari [[dataran tinggi Iran]]. Halak dohot bahasa na ima dihubungkan dengan peradaban Lembah Indus, mangaholongi ni peradaban itu di awal milenium kedua SM, gabe mangarade ke timur dohot selatan. Secara genetis, halak Lembah Indus di masa lalu majoritasnya adalah asal usul 'pemburu-pengumpul Iran' (atau petani), dohot anasir dari grup pemburu-pengumpul lokal. Halak Dravida masa kini memperlihatkan komposisi genetis serupa, tapi juga mamanggok secuil asal usul dari Penggembala Stepa Barat dohot sumbangan tambahan dari grup pemburu-pengumpul lokal. Dari abad ketiga SM, banyak kerajaan besar berkembang di India Selatan songon Pandya, [[Chola]], Chera, Pallava, Satavahana, Chalukya, Kakatiya, dohot Rashtrakuta. Serikat ni India Selatan dohot organisasi perdagangan na songon 'Ayyavole di Karnataka dohot Manigramam' mainong peran penting di perdagangan Asia Tenggara dohot Indianisasi budaya di region itu. ==Budaya== Seni visual Dravida didominasi oleh arsitektur kuil bergaya di pusat-pusat utama, dohot produksi gambar pada patung batu dohot perunggu. Patung na mangolu dari periode Chola menjadi simbol [[Hindu|Hinduisme]]. Kuil Sri Ranganathaswamy na na di propinsi Tamil Nadu, India dianggap sebagai kuil Hindu terbesar na masih berfungsi di dunia. Kuil itu dibangun dengan gaya Dravida dohot manduduki wilayah seluas 156 hektar (631,000 m2). == Pustaha == [[Horong:Tamil|D]] [[Horong:Halak Indonesia|D]] <references />{{Authority control}} b28fhyywk6skxpzdygboenbac54gqnn 0 1273 18122 13145 2026-08-22T13:01:07Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Joseph Jackson''' (tubu di [[Gary]], [[Indiana]], [[Amerika Serikat]], 29 Agustus 1958 – maradian di [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[Amerika Serikat]], 25 Juni 2009, di umurna na pa-50 taon uju i) ima sada penyanyi Amerika, na so halak jolma mangurdoti ima ''King of Pop'' (Raja do Pop).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150507080746/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/michael-jackson-mn0000467203/biography Michael Jackson | Biography | AllMusic]</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Jackson Michael Jackson biography at Britannica.com]</ref> == Pustaha == <references/> == Pranala luar == {{commons|Category:Michael Jackson}} * [[Ugasan:Wikiquote-logo.svg|link=https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Michael_Jackson?uselang=bbc|16x16px]] [https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Michael_Jackson?uselang=bbc '''''Michael Jackson'''''] ([[Hata Inggeris|Ing.]]) * [[Ugasan:Echo global icon.svg|link=https://www.michaeljackson.com|12x12px]] [https://www.michaeljackson.com Situs web] {{Authority control}}{{Musik-stub}} [[Horong:Musik]] [[Horong:Amerika Serikat]] [[Horong:Parende]] q450forwd0r914r20wwq6lguhofohcz 0 1279 18180 12740 2026-08-22T13:36:06Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Russia.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Rusia]] '''Rusia''' manang '''Federasi Rusia''' ([[Hata Rusia]]:Российская Федерация) i ma sada negara na maringanan di [[Eropa Habinsaran]] dohot [[Asia Utara]]. Nagara on i ma nagara na umbalga di portibi on marbingkas sian bidang ni luatna, na marbalok i sampulu sada zona waktu dohot marbagi parbatasan darat dohot sampulu opat negara. Huta sabungan songon kota na umbalga i ma [[Moskow]]. Saint Petersburg i ma kota na umbalga paduahon i Rusia. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Eropa-stub}} {{Asia-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] q16ijrpafl1o23qoxes5qrpjm072cva 0 1280 18270 14250 2026-08-22T14:04:32Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18270 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hata Rusia''' i ma hata sian [[Slapia Habinsaran]] na dipangke di [[Rusia]] jala gabe hata resmi ''de facto'' dohot ''de jure'' di pigapiga nagara bekas [[Uni Sopiet]] songon [[Belarus]], [[Kasakhstan|Kazakhstan]], [[Kirgistan]], dohott [[Tajikistan]]. I ma hata ni halak Rusia bongot tu keluarga [[hata Indo-Eropa]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Parhataan-stub}}{{Authority control}} mdlrckdq357wrh5t7n553m44ol9s5iq 10 1290 18558 9882 2026-08-22T19:26:53Z V321T4S 2759 manturehon gurit na sala 18558 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>;Referensi</noinclude> {{#switch: {{{1}}} |2022 = * {{bbc}} [https://archive.org/details/kepmendagri-050-145-tahun-2022 Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 050-145 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemberian dan Pemutakhiran Kode, Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan, dan Pulau tahun 2021] * {{bbc}} [https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan] * {{bbc}} [https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan] |2019 = * {{bbc}} [https://archive.org/details/permendagriindonesia722019 Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 72 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan] * {{bbc}} [https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan] |2017 = * {{bbc}} [https://archive.org/details/PermendagriNo.137Tahun2017 Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 137 Tahun 2017 tentang Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan] |#default= * {{bbc}} [https://archive.org/details/kepmendagri-050-145-tahun-2022 Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 050-145 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemberian dan Pemutakhiran Kode, Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan, dan Pulau tahun 2021] }}<noinclude>{{Dokumentasi}} [[category:Templat pranala ruar]]</noinclude> pnktkg39xr8kszrdmtdelhaoodal9sc 0 1294 18372 16839 2026-08-22T16:15:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18372 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Word Tamil.svg|thumb||Tulisan "Tamil" di bagasan Surat Tamil]] '''Surat Tamil''' ([[Hata Tamil|Tamil]]: தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி, Tamiḻ ariccuvaṭi [tamiɻ ˈaɾitːɕuʋaɽi]) do surat na dipake oleh [[halak Tamil]] dohot pamaca Tamil di [[India]], Sri Lanka, [[Malaysia]], [[Singapura]], [[Indonesia]], dohot di tempat lain tu manulis [[hata Tamil]]. .<ref>{{Citation | title=The Unicode 5.0 Standard | edition=5 | publisher=Addison-Wesley | place=Upper Saddle River, NJ | year=2006 | isbn=0-321-48091-0 | last=Allen | first=Julie }} at p. 324</ref> Hurup nian gabe sada guritan resmi di [[India]], [[Singapura]] dohot Sri Lanka. ==Leheng ni surat na== [[File:Evolution of Vatteluttu and Tamil scripts.gif|thumb|350px|Pangembangna na marhite surat Tamil-Brahmi (kolom tengah) jadi alfabet Vatteluttu (kolom paling kuta) dohot surat Tamil (kolom paling kanan).]] Surat Tamil do adong 12 vokal (உயிரெழுத்து, uyireḻuttu, "hurup jiwa"), 18 konsonan (மெய்யெழுத்து, meyyeḻuttu, "hurup tubuh") dohot satu karakter husus, yaitu ஃ (ஆய்த எழுத்து, āytha eḻuttu).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210214081015/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/romadict.pl?table=tamil-lex&page=148&display=utf8 University of Madras Tamil Lexicon, page 148: "{{lang|ta|அலியெழுத்து}} [ {{transliteration|ta|ISO|aliyeḻuttu}} ] n {{transliteration|ta|ISO|ali-y-eḻuttu}} . < {{lang|ta|அலி}}¹ +. 1. The letter {{lang|ta|ஃ}}, as being regarded as neither a vowel nor a consonant; {{lang|ta|ஆய்தம்}}. ({{lang|ta|வெண்பாப். முதன்மொ. 6, உரை.}}) 2. Consonants; {{lang|ta|மெய்யெ ழுத்து. (பிங்.).}}"]</ref> ஃ do na disebut "அக்கு", akku dohot diparjogikkan di ortografi Tamil jadi na so jadi konsonan dohot vokal. Namun, i do diparjogikkan di ahir set vokal. Surat na do bersilabik, na so alfabetik. I do ditulis dari kiri ka kanan. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Alpabet-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Alpabet|T]] [[Horong:Tamil]] 66xscho7at4rzn64p872xuw5wu6s1av 0 1295 18452 13667 2026-08-22T16:47:59Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Aek|ᯀᯀᯂᯩ᯲}} [[File:Water drop 001.jpg|thumb|Aek]] '''Aek''' i ma sada [[mardomu anorganik]] dohot rumus kimia '''H₂O'''. Zat kimia na so tabo, ndang marbau, jala hira na so marwarna do i. Aek manutupi hira-hira 71% sian parmukaan ni hasiangan, jala [[laut]] mambahen godangan (hira-hira 96,5%)<ref name="WSS">{{cite web |url=https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/how-much-water-there-earth |title=How Much Water is There on Earth? |date=13 November 2019 |website=Water Science School |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]], [[U.S. Department of the Interior]] |access-date=8 June 2022 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609050627/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/how-much-water-there-earth}}</ref>. Aek adong i hasiangan songon [[padat]], [[cairan]], dohot [[gas]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Butler |first1=John |title=The Earth – Introduction – Weathering |url=https://uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chapter6notes.html |publisher=University of Houston |access-date=30 January 2023 |quote=Note that the Earth environment is close to the triple point and that water, steam and ice can all exist at the surface. |archive-date=30 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130051934/https://uh.edu/~jbutler/physical/chapter6notes.html}}</ref>. I ma na mambahen udan marrumang [[udan]] dohot [[habut]]. [[Ombun]] na di langit pe tardiri sian aek dohot [[es]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Aek]] jp8e0mh6nvyqqwkepo8zig9d5m2baok 0 1296 18418 16175 2026-08-22T16:33:56Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Ombun|ᯀᯬᯔ᯲ᯅᯮᯉ᯲}} [[File:Towering_Verticle_Thunderhead.jpg|thumb|Ombun]] '''Ombun''' i ma sada punguan [[aek]] na mangambang di langit. Somalna, ombun i marwarna [[bontar]] manang [[hulabu]]. Godang do ragam ni ombun di portibi on, na gabe bagian na ringkot di cuaca dohot iklim ni hasiangan. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Commons|Cloud}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Ombun]] [[Horong:Aek]] 4r7d4by4x1ytar474w2ezlf2un3r215 0 1297 18504 14130 2026-08-22T18:33:56Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Api|ᯀᯇᯪ}} [[File:Fire_from_loppings.JPG|thumb|Api]] '''Api''' i ma [[sondang]] dohot [[mohop]] na dihasilhon sian [[panutungon]] (proses ni api na marsigorgor). I pistik tartontu i reaksi panutungon, na didokhon [[pistik pagalakon]], api diabakhon, na tardiri tarlumobi tingon [[karbon dioksida]], [[uap aek]], [[oksigen]] dohot [[nitrogen]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Commons|Fire}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Api]] 08rk7mv40u7thqfsv34bqceaktsm4hg 0 1298 18408 16291 2026-08-22T16:30:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18408 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Human_eye_with_limbal_ring,_anterior_view.jpg|thumb|Simalolong halak]] '''Simalolong''' sanga '''Mata''' ima sada organ na mambahen [[dorbia]] manang [[manisia]] boi marnida angka na masa. Ia bisa manguba [[sondang]] manjadi impuls elektrokimia i neuron. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Commons|Eyes}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Simalolong]] 3u7bzjhi8zkoelsfy6ss4dwsct6iswn 0 1300 18429 15479 2026-08-22T16:42:25Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Kriti in Greece.svg|thumb|Gombar ni peta Pulo Kreta na maringanan di Junani]] '''Kreta''' i ma sada pulo na gumodang di [[Junani]] dohot na gumodang palimahon di luat ni [[Laut Tonga {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Junani]] hhuvixitwyk9j6mk50np6fslbg3r4hy 0 1301 18396 15233 2026-08-22T16:28:35Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha dua|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯑᯮᯋ}} '''Sipaha dua''' manang si paha dua i ma bulan na paduahon di [[Parhalaan Batak]].<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 55</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] 7d7ouqxhlzp8oybce8ko4qm952q67s8 0 1303 18365 15241 2026-08-22T16:14:55Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha tolu|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯖᯬᯞᯮ}} '''Sipaha tolu''' manang '''si paha tolu''' i ma bulan na patoluhon di [[Parhalaan Batak]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] fkiub19muxfy6wv5m76pyii36bls0h9 0 1304 18400 15236 2026-08-22T16:29:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha opat|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯀᯬᯇᯖ᯲}} '''Sipaha opat''' manang '''si paha opat''' i ma bulan na paopathon di [[Parhalaan Batak]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] 275aviecbp4ftvgh4u7jqumrmw6ft1k 0 1305 18398 15234 2026-08-22T16:29:06Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha lima|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯞᯪᯔ}} '''Sipaha lima''' manang '''si paha lima''' i ma bulan na palimahon di [[Parhalaan Batak]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] t7v5vrip4b4ytux7j2881atd9xbvjwg 0 1306 18399 15235 2026-08-22T16:29:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha onom|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯀᯬᯉᯔᯬ᯲}} '''Sipaha onom''' manang '''si paha onom''' i ma bulan na paonomon di [[Parhalaan Batak]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] frz3dl70od4djmfvzktqc8wkakvh8oz 0 1307 18401 15237 2026-08-22T16:29:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha pitu|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯇᯪᯖᯮ}} '''Sipaha pitu''' manang si paha pitu i ma bulan na papituhon di [[Parhalaan Batak]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] 70la4gavn8du6no8r8b1xvbjquclwj2 0 1308 18366 15242 2026-08-22T16:14:57Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha ualu|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯥᯋᯞᯮ}} '''Sipaha ualu''' manang si paha ualu i ma bulan na paualuhon di [[Parhalaan Batak]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] m517r5dysvjb9522dulx0p1c966neu2 0 1310 18364 15240 2026-08-22T16:14:53Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha sia|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯘᯪᯛ}} '''Sipaha sia''' manang si paha sia i ma bulan na pasiahon di [[Parhalaan Batak]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] 1qzwu6hdex0uxjlzbif88dccx63gd9o 0 1311 18403 15239 2026-08-22T16:29:38Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Sipaha sampulu|ᯘᯪᯇᯂᯘᯔ᯲ᯇᯮᯞᯮ}} '''Sipaha sampulu''' manang si paha sampulu i ma bulan na pasampuluhon di [[Parhalaan Batak]]. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] kt1vfdeqq99d7ss7vk6hmlixvc06mxh 0 1313 18497 15224 2026-08-22T17:13:52Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Bulan hurung|ᯅᯮᯞᯉ᯲ᯂᯮᯒᯮᯰ}} '''Bulan hurung''' manang '''hurung''' i ma bulan na pasampuluduahon di [[Parhalaan Batak]]. Anggo ditudoshon dohot [[Parhalaan Masehi]], bulan Hurung on maringanan di antara bulan Pebruari dohot bulan Maret.<ref>A. Mukti Lubis, ''Kalender Peramalan Batak'', Medan:Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1985/1986, alaman 140</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhalaan Batak]] 4su7e6acy4sw7lowozh4i75oaqx047p 0 1322 18479 11630 2026-08-22T17:04:36Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox architect | name = Friedrich Silaban | image = File:Friedrich Silaban.jpg | image_size = <!-- if image is smaller than 250px --> | alt = | caption = Foto Friedrich Silaban tahun 1955 | birth_name = <!-- only use if different than name --> | birth_date = 16 Desember 1912 | birth_place = [[Bonan Dolok I, Sijamapolang, Humbang Hasundutan|Bonan Dolok]], [[Karesidenan Tapanuli]], [[Hindia Bolanda]] | death_date = 14 Mei 1984 (umur 71 taon) | death_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | other_names = | nationality = [[Indonesia]] | alma_mater = {{ill|Academy of Architecture|en|Academy of Architecture (Amsterdam)}} | spouse = Lefty Kievits | partner = | children = 10, termasuk [[Tigor Silaban]] | parents = {{ubl|Jonas Silaban (ayah)|Noria Simamora (ibu)}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Wiryomartono|first=Bagoes|date=4 Maret 2020|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=5IjUDwAAQBAJ|title=Traditions and Transformations of Habitation in Indonesia: Power, Architecture, and Urbanism|publisher=Springer Nature|isbn=978-981-15-3405-8|pages=149|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> | awards = | practice = <!-- Associated architectural firm[s] --> | significant_buildings = {{ubl|[[Stadion Utama Gelora Bung Karno]]|[[Monumen Nasional]]|[[Masjid Istiqlal, Jakarta|Masjid Istiqlal]]}} | significant_projects = | significant_design = | signature = | website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} --> }} '''Friedrich Silaban''' (isingkat gabe F. Silaban; 16 Desember 1912–14 Mei 1984) ima sahalak arsitek Indonesia. Antara piga-piga karyania na tarbonggal ima Gelora Bung Karno, Tugu Nasional, dot Masjid Istiqlal. == Ngolu na parjolo == Dung sae marsingkola di H.I.S. Narumonda, Tapanuli taon 1927, Sikola Koningen Wilhelmina (K.W.S.) di Jakarta taon 1931, dohot Academie van Bouwkunst [nl] Amsterdam, Belanda taon 1950, dung i mangula ma ibana gabe pegawai di Batavia Office Municipality of Ponginad Hengine Ar, Bolanda Kalimantan Barat (1937) dot manjadi Kapala DPU Kota Bogor sampe taon 1965. Lam leleng, tarbonggal ma ia arani marragam karya-karya na godang i dunia arsitektur dot desain. Deba sian angka ulaonna nunga gabe simbol kebanggaan ni luat i. Friedrich Silaban madung mandapot Penghargaan Kehormatan Bintang Dinas Sipil berupa Bintang Dinas Utama tingon pamarentah arani prestasinia i merancang pembangunan Masjid Istiqlal. Friedrich Silaban laos sada sian na manandatangani Konsep Kebudayaan na dipabinsar di Lantera dohot lembar kebudayaan harian Bintang Timur mulai tanggal 16 Maret 1962, ima sada konsep kebudayaan laho mendukung usaho ni pamarenta laho pamajuhon kebudayaan nasional tarmasuk musik na pinungka ni Lekra (Institut 1962). untuk Budaya Rakyat, Partai Komunis onderbouw Indonesia) jala didukung Lembaga Kebudayaan Nasional (onderbouw Partai Nasional Indonesia) dohot Lembaga Kebudayaan Indonesia Pesindo (Lesbi). Asing sian i, Friedrich Silaban pe marperan godang do di pembentukan Punguan Arsitek Indonesia (IAI). Di bulan April 1959, Ir. Soehartono Soesilo na mewakili biro arsitektur PT Budaya dohot Ars. F. Silaban ndang puas tu hasil na didapot di Musyawarah Nasional di Jakarta, ima pembentukan Perusahaan Perencanaan dan Pelaksanaan Nasional Bersama (GAPERNAS) di na duansa nasida berpendapat bahaso posisi “perencana dan perancang” ndang sarupa jala ndang setara dohot na "pelaksana". Nasida marpandapot, ulaon desain i di bagasan lingkup ni ulaon profesional (konsultasi), na tarmasuk tanggungjawab moral dohot hasangapon ni angka pribadi na tarlibat, ala ni i ndang holan berorientasi songon usaha na mangeahi laba (berorientasi keuntungan). Di sisi na asing, ulaon pelaksanaan (kontraktor) cenderung bersifat bisnis komersial, di na keberhasilan diukur sian balga ni laba jala na tanggungjawab hukum/formalna ima lembaga manang badan hukum, ndang pribadi jala terbatas tu sisi keuangan. Ujung ni kerja keras ni na dua perintis on marpuncak di pertemuan besar pertama dua sundut arsitek di Bandung tanggal 16 dohot 17 September 1959. Pertemuan on dihadiri 21 halak, tolu arsitek senior, ima: Ars. Friedrich Silaban, Ars. Mohammad Soesilo, Ars.  Liem Bwan Tjie dohot 18 arsitek muda na gabe lulusan parjolo sian Jurusan Arsitektur di Institut Teknologi Bandung taon 1958 dohot 1959. Di parpunguan on, tujuan, cita-cita, konsep Anggaran Dasar dohot prinsip-prinsip dasar laho pajongjonghon sada asosiasi arsitek murni dirumushon, songon na didok di dokumen pendirianna, "Manuju dunia arsitektur Indonesia na sehat." Di borngin na bersejarah i, resmi jongjong sada-sadana lembaga tertinggi di dunia arsitektur profesional di Indonesia na margoar Persatuan Arsitek Indonesia, disingkat gabe IAI. Dung madabu Sukarno, hurang sukses do Silaban gabe arsitek, ala mansai solhot do ibana tu mantan presiden i. Situasi karierna lam tu burukna ala kondisi ekonomi na hurang denggan, na mambahen ibana ingkon mangasahon pensiunna laho mangurupi sampulu ianakhonna. Ia memang mandapot piga-piga karejo i akhir taon 1970-an dot awal 1980-an, marancang piga-piga rumah pribadi dot gedung-gedung universitas i Medan. Lam parah do hahipason ni Silaban di taon 1983, marujung ngolu ma ibana di Rumah Sakit Pusat Tentara Gatot Soebroto, Jakarta Pusat tanggal 14 Mei 1984 == Ulaon == == Pustaha == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Arsitek di Indonesia]] knsdz53zfd4pevnnz8y564o7rnbtvop 0 1336 18119 15794 2026-08-22T13:00:04Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info pemegang jabatan | honorific-prefix = [[Jenderal (Indonesia)|Jenderal]] [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|TNI]] [[Pangkat kehormatan|(HOR)]] ([[Purnawirawan|Purn.]]) | name = Prabowo Subianto | honorific-suffix = | image = Prabowo Subianto 2024 official portrait.jpg | caption = Potret resmi, 2024 | office = Presiden Indonesia | order = ke-8 | term_start = 20 Oktober 2024 | term_end = | vicepresident = [[Gibran Rakabuming Raka]] | predecessor = [[Joko Widodo]] | successor = | office1 = Menteri Pertahanan Indonesia | order1 = ke-26 | term_start1 = 23 Oktober 2019 | term_end1 = 20 Oktober 2024 | president1 = [[Joko Widodo]] | deputy1 = {{Plainlist| * [[Sakti Wahyu Trenggono]] (2019—2020) * [[Muhammad Herindra]] (2020—2024) }} | predecessor1 = [[Ryamizard Ryacudu]] | successor1 = [[Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin]] | office2 = Ketua Umum Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya | order2 = ke-2 | term_start2 = 20 September 2014 | term_end2 = | predecessor2 = [[Suhardi]] | successor2 = ''Petahana'' {{Collapsed infobox section begin|Jabatan militer|titlestyle=border:1px dashed lightgrey;}} | office3 = Panglima Komando Cadangan Strategis Angkatan Darat | order3 = ke-22 | term_start3 = 20 Maret 1998 | term_end3 = 22 Mei 1998 | predecessor3 = [[Sugiono (militer)|Sugiono]] | successor3 = [[Johny Lumintang]] | office4 = Komandan Jenderal Komando Pasukan Khusus | order4 = ke-15 | term_start4 = 1 Desember 1995 | term_end4 = 20 Maret 1998 | predecessor4 = [[Subagyo Hadi Siswoyo]] | successor4 = [[Muchdi Purwoprandjono]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}} | birthname = Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo | birth_date = {{tanggal lahir dan umur|1951|10|17}} | birth_place = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | restingplace = | nationality = <!-- buat orang asing --> | party = {{parpolicon|Gerindra}} | otherparty = {{parpolicon|Golkar}} (sampai 2008) | father = [[Soemitro Djojohadikoesoemo]] | mother = [[Dora Marie Sigar]] | spouse = {{marriage|[[Siti Hediati Hariyadi]]|1983|1998|end=sep.}} | children = [[Didit Hediprasetyo|Ragowo Hediprasetyo Djojohadikoesoemo]] | relatives = {{ubl|[[Margono Djojohadikoesoemo]] (kakek pihak ayah)|Philip Frederik Laurens Sigar (kakek pihak ibu)| Cornelie Emelie Maengkom (nenek pihak ibu)|[[Soebianto Djojohadikoesoemo]] (paman)|[[Soejono Djojohadikusumo]] (paman)|[[Hashim Djojohadikusumo]] (adik)|[[Aryo Djojohadikusumo]] (keponakan)|[[Rahayu Saraswati|Rahayu Saraswati Djojohadikusumo]] (keponakan)|[[Thomas Djiwandono]] (keponakan)|[[Budi Djiwandono]] (keponakan)}} | residence = [[Istana Merdeka]] (resmi) | education = [[:en:The American School in London|The American School in London]] | alma_mater = [[Akademi Militer]] | occupation = {{hlist|Politikus|perwira tentara|pengusaha}} | awards = {{bulleted list|[[Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi#Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Nararya|Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Nararya]]|[[Satyalancana Kesetiaan]] XVI|[[Satyalancana Seroja]] Ulangan–III|[[Bintang Yudha Dharma|Bintang Yudha Dharma Nararya]]}} | signature = Prabowo Subianto signature.svg | website = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20111119014448/http://prabowosubianto.web.id/|Situs web yang diarsipkan}} | rank = [[File:22-TNI Army-GEN.svg|25px| ]] [[Jenderal (Indonesia)|Jenderal]] [[TNI]] ([[Daftar istilah militer Tentara Nasional Indonesia#H|Kehormatan]]) | branch = [[Berkas:Insignia of the Indonesian Army.svg|25px]] [[TNI Angkatan Darat]] | unit = [[Infanteri]] ([[Kopassus]]) | commands = [[Kopassus]], [[Kostrad]] | serviceyears = 1974—1998 | servicenumber = 27082 | allegiance = {{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] | battles = {{Tree list}} *[[Invasi Indonesia ke Timor Timur]] **[[Pendudukan Indonesia di Timor Timur]] *[[Konflik Papua]] **[[Operasi Pembebasan Sandera Mapenduma]] {{tree list/end}} | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=|title=Suara Prabowo Subianto|type=speech|description=Pidato Prabowo Subianto saat melakukan kampanye di [[Kabupaten Sleman|Sleman]]<br />Direkam tanggal 8 April 2019.}} | status = }} [[Jenderal (Indonesia)|Jenderal]] [[Tentara Nasional Indonesia|TNI]] ([[Pangkat kehormatan|HOR]]) ([[Purnawirawan|Purn.]]) [[Haji (gelar)|H.]] '''Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo''' ([[Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan|EYD]]: '''Prabowo Subianto Joyohadikusumo;''' tubu di [[Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta|Jakarta]], 17 Oktober 1951) ima sada politikus, pangusaha, dohot pensiunan ni jenderal kehormatan [[Tentara|tentara]] Indonesia na gabe [[Presiden Indonesia]] paualuhon, sian tanggal 20 Oktober 2024. Wakil Presiden na mandongani pamarintaan ni Prabowo, ima [[Gibran Rakabuming Raka]], anak sisulung ni presiden [[Joko Widodo]]. Dimasa jabatan ni Presiden [[Joko Widodo]], taon 2019 sahat tu 2024, nasida gabe [[Menteri Pertahanan Indonesia|Menteri Pertahanan]] pa-26. Parpolitikan ni Prabowo digombarkan [[nasionalis sayap kanan]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ratcliffe |first1=Rebecca |last2=Hariandja |first2=Richaldo |date=2024-02-14 |title=Indonesia election: minister dogged by rights abuse claims 'takes early lead' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/13/minister-linked-to-indonesias-former-dictatorship-ahead-in-pre-election-polls |access-date=20 Oktober 2024|work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=KPU Resmi Tetapkan Prabowo-Gibran Menang Pilpres 2024 |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20240320213140-617-1076907/kpu-resmi-tetapkan-prabowo-gibran-menang-pilpres-2024 |access-date=20 Oktober 2024|website=nasional}}</ref> == Hangoluan na parjolo == [[Ugasan:RM Margono Djojohadikusumo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Prabowo Subianto marumur 12 taon (najonjong sabola siamun), dohot saudarana, oppungna Margono Djojohadikusumo dohot Siti Katoemi Wirodihardjo.]] Among ni Prabowo, margoar Sumitro Djojohadikusumo (1917–2001), asal na sian Gombong, Kabupaten Karanganyar (saonari gabe masuk tu [[Kabupaten Kebumen]], [[Jawa Tonga]]). Karejo ni Sumitro ima ekonom, dung i gabe Menteri Perekonomian do nasida ditingki pamarinta ni Presiden [[Soekarno]] dohot [[Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia|menteri Riset dan Teknologi]] dipamarinta ni Presiden [[Soeharto]].<ref>Ready Susanto, ''Mari mengenal kabinet Indonesia'' [Let's know the cabinet of Indonesia], Lazuardi Buku Utama, Jakarta, 2011.</ref> Sumitro mambahen goar Prabowo, ima goar ni anggina bawa, na mate tarbunun tingki insiden mangalo [[Pertempuran Lengkong|Pasukan Jepang di Lengkong, Tangerang]] masa ni [[Revolusi Nasional Indonesia]].<ref name="Friend">Friend (2003), al. 323</ref> Inong ni Prabowo margoar Dora Marie Sigar (1919–2008), halak [[Kristen Protestan]] hatutubi ni halak [[Halak Minahasa|Minahasa]], di Langowan, [[Sulawesi Utara]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Christianity in Indonesia: Perspectives of Power|last=Schröter|first=Susanne|date=2010|page=311|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-643-10798-5}}</ref> Sumitro dohot Dora mangoli di [[Utrecht]], [[Bolanda]]. Adong dua itoni Prabowo Subianto, ima Bianti Djiwandono na tubu taon 1946, dohot Maryani Djojohadikusumo na tubu taon 1948.<ref name="KUMPARAN">{{cite web |title=Prabowo Subianto dan Keluarganya |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/prabowo-subianto-dan-keluarganya |access-date=20 Oktober 2024|website=kumparan}}</ref> Anggina bawa margoar [[Hashim Djojohadikusumo]], tubu taon 1953.<ref name="KUMPARAN" /> Itona na parjolo, Bianti, marbagas tu [[Sudrajad Djiwandono]], ima Gubernur Bank Indonesia periode 1993 hingga 1998, dung i, Maryani, marbagas tu pangusaha sian [[Peransis]], Didier Lemaistre (monding 2018).<ref name="KUMPARAN" /> Anggina, Hashim, karejona ima sada pangusaha. Taon 1960, gabe dipaasing [[Soekarno]] ma si Sumitro, alani beda pandangan politik. Gabe maringanan ma halaki dimarpiga bangso, tarmasuk hea halaki maringanan di Swiss, Singapura, Thailand, [[Malaisia|Malaysia]] dohot Inggris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/coverstory/hashims-new-horizons/495099|title=Hashim's new horizons|work=Jakarta Globe|access-date=20 Oktober 2024}}</ref> === Parsingkolaan === Alani marpinda-pinda inganan ni kaluarga ni Prabowo, tarboan ma gabe marpinda parsingkolaan na. Singkola SMA ni nasida ima di ''Victoria Institution'' di [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/11/538880/prabowo-recalls-childhood-days-kl|title=Prabowo recalls childhood days in KL|work=New Strait Times|date=15 November 2019 |access-date=20 Oktober 2024}}</ref> Dung i, hira taon 1966 tu 1968, halaki maringanan di London, [[Inggris]], Prabowo patorushon singkola di ''American School'', jala dison do nasida tamat SMA.<ref>The American School in London – 1968: Gateway, al.&nbsp;32 [yearbook]</ref> Dungi, dipatama Sumitro si Prabowo asa masuk tu akademi militer. == Penghargaan== === Tanda Kehormatan === [[Ugasan:President Prabowo Subianto in 2024 with decorations.jpg|center|thumb| Prabowo Subianto sebagai Presiden Indonesia]] Prabowo secara otomatis dianugerahi Bintang Dekorasi tertinggi di kalangan sipil dohot militer dung manjabat nasida gabe Presiden. Alai, nunga bahat do penghargaan nanijalo ni Prabowo. {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" ! colspan="3" align="center" |Dada kanan ! colspan="3" align="center" |Dada kiri |- | colspan="3" | {| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" | colspan="2" |[[Ugasan:ArmyAvnBadge.png|150x150px]] |- | colspan="2" |[[Ugasan:GSG9_insignia.jpg|150x150px]] |- | colspan="2" |[[Ugasan:Military Freefall Parachutist Badge (US Army).png|150x150px]] |- |[[Ugasan:US_Master_Parachutist_Badge.png|100x100px]] | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Brevet Pathfinder.png|100px]] |} | colspan="3" | {| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" | colspan="3" |[[Ugasan:Brevet_Komando_Kopassus.png|140x140px]] [[Ugasan:Brevet_Freefall_TNI_AD.png|145x145px]] |- | colspan="3" |[[Ugasan:Brevet Para Madya TNI AD.png|210x210px]] |- | colspan="3" |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipurna.png|center|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Mahaputera Adipurna.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Mahaputera Adipradana.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Bintang Jasa Utama Ribbon.png|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Kemanusiaan.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Penegak Demokrasi Utama.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Budaya Parama Dharma.png|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Gerilya.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Sakti.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Dharma.png|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:Bintang Yudha Dharma Utama rib.svg|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Kartika Eka Paksi Utama.gif|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Jalasena Utama.png|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Swa Bhuwana Paksa Utama.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Bintang Bhayangkara Utama.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Kartika Eka Paksi Pratama.gif|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:Bintang Yudha Dharma Nararya rib.svg|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Kartika Eka Paksi Nararya.gif|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Satyalencana Kesetiaan XXIV.png|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:Satyalencana GOM VII.gif|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Satyalencana Dwidya Sistha.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Satyalencana G.O.M. IX Raksaka Dharma (Ulangan Pertama).png|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Satyalencana Seroja (Ulangan Kedua).png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Satyalencana Wira Karya.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Pita (Ribbon) Medali Veteran Perdamaian.png|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:Order of Military Merit (Jordan) - Grand Cordon.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Knight of the Royal Order of Sahametrei Ribbon Bar.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:FRA Commander of National Order of Merit Ribbon Bar.png|100px]] |- |[[Ugasan:MY-MAL Exalted Order of Malacca.svg|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang (Tentera) ribbon.png|100px]] |[[Ugasan:Ribbon bar of the Order of Zayed.svg|100px]] |- | colspan="3" |[[Ugasan:Brevet_Sat_Gultor_81.png|180x180px]] |} |- | colspan="3" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" | colspan="2" |Army Aviation (US Army)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jatosint status/ 1189392057938219010|url=https://twitter.com/Jatosint/status/1189392057938219010?t=OdnKaQef4L5qjVyixYggnw&s=19|website=Twitter}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |GSG 9 Badge (Jerman) |- | colspan="2" |Military Freefall Parachutist Badge (US Army) |- | colspan="1" |Master Parachutist Badge (US Army) | colspan="1" |Pathfinder Badge (US Army) |} | colspan="3" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan="2" |Brevet | colspan="2" |Brevet Kualifikasi [[Komando Pasukan Khusus|Kopassus]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=3 Brevet Milik Prabowo Subianto yang Didapat Ketika Masih di Militer|url=https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/913501/14/3-brevet-milik-prabowo-subianto-yang-didapat-ketika-masih-di-militer-1665825018|website=SINDOnews.com}}</ref> | colspan="2" |Brevet Free Fall |- | colspan="5" |Brevet Para Utama |- !Baris pa-1 | colspan="5" |[[Bintang Republik Indonesia Adipurna]] (2024)<ref name="Pres">{{cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/muspres/tanda-kehormatan-yang-dimiliki-presiden/|title=Tanda Kehormatan yang dimiliki Presiden|publisher=Ministry of Education of Culture: Directorate General of Culture|author=Museum Kepresidenan|date=10 Mei 2019|access-date=20 Oktober 2024}}</ref> |- !Baris pa-2 |[[Bintang Mahaputera Adipurna]] (2024)<ref name="Pres" /> | colspan="2" |[[Bintang Mahaputera Adipradana]] (2024)<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=|title=Daftar tokoh penerima Anugerah Tanda Jasa dan Kehormatan HUT RI|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/4260059/daftar-tokoh-penerima-anugerah-tanda-jasa-dan-kehormatan-hut-ri|website=Antara News|access-date=2024-08-14}}</ref> |[[Bintang Jasa Utama]] (2024)<ref name="Pres" /> |- !Baris pa-3 |[[Bintang Kemanusiaan]] (2024)<ref name="Pres" /> | colspan="2" |[[Bintang Penegak Demokrasi]] (2024)<ref name="Pres" /> |[[Bintang Budaya Parama Dharma]] (2024)<ref name="Pres" /> |- !Baris pa-4 |[[Bintang Gerilya]] (2024)<ref name="Pres" /> | colspan="2" |[[Bintang Sakti]] (2024)<ref name="Pres" /> |[[Bintang Dharma]] (2024)<ref name="Pres" /> |- !Baris pa-5 |[[Bintang Yudha Dharma|Bintang Yudha Dharma Utama]] (2022)<ref name="2022abcd">{{Cite web|date=2022-08-15|title=Menhan Prabowo Subianto Terima Empat Bintang Kehormatan Utama, Disematkan Panglima TNI dan Tiga Kepala Staf Angkatan|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/2022/08/15/menhan-prabowo-subianto-terima-empat-bintang-kehormatan-utama-disematkan-panglima-tni-dan-tiga-kepala-staf-angkatan.html|website=kemhan.go.id|access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref> | colspan="2" |[[Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi|Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Utama]] (2022)<ref name="2022abcd" /> |[[Bintang Jalasena|Bintang Jalasena Utama]] (2022)<ref name="2022abcd" /> |- !Baris pa-6 |[[Bintang Swa Bhuwana Paksa|Bintang Swa Bhuwana Paksa Utama]] (2022)<ref name="2022abcd" /> | colspan="2" |[[Bintang Bhayangkara|Bintang Bhayangkara Utama]] (2024)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-06-20|title=Kapolri Sematkan Tanda Kehormatan Bintang Bhayangkara Utama ke Prabowo|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2024/06/20/17272681/kapolri-sematkan-tanda-kehormatan-bintang-bhayangkara-utama-ke-prabowo|website=kompas.com|access-date=2024-06-20}}</ref> ||[[Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi|Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Pratama]] |- !Baris pa-7 |[[Bintang Yudha Dharma|Bintang Yudha Dharma Nararya]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil Menhan Prabowo Subianto|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/menhan|website=kemhan.go.id|access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref> | colspan="2" |[[Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi|Bintang Kartika Eka Paksi Nararya]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil Menhan Prabowo Subianto|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/menhan|website=kemhan.go.id|access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref> |[[Satyalancana Kesetiaan]] 24 Tahun<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil Menhan Prabowo Subianto|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/menhan|website=kemhan.go.id|access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref> |- !Baris pa-8 |[[Satyalancana G.O.M VII]] | colspan="2" |[[Satyalancana Dwidya Sistha]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil Menhan Prabowo Subianto|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/menhan|website=kemhan.go.id|access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref> |[[Satyalancana Raksaka Dharma]] (Ulangan Pertama)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil Menhan Prabowo Subianto|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/menhan|website=kemhan.go.id|access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref> |- !Baris pa-9 |[[Satyalancana Seroja]] (Ulangan Kedua)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil Menhan Prabowo Subianto|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/menhan|website=kemhan.go.id|access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref> | colspan="2" |[[Satyalancana Wira Karya]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil Menhan Prabowo Subianto|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/menhan|website=kemhan.go.id|access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref> |Bintang Legiun Veteran Republik Indonesia (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Menhan Prabowo Subianto Terima Bintang LVRI|url=https://www.katakini.com/artikel/79623/menhan-prabowo-subianto-terima-bintang-lvri/|website=www.katakini.com}}</ref> |- !Baris pa-10 |[[:en:Order of Military Merit (Jordan)|Grand Cordon of the Order of Military Merit]] - Yordania<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kami |first=Indah Mutiara |date=11 October 2016 |title=Prabowo Unggah Seragam Militer Bintang 3, Netter Salah Fokus Ucapkan Ulang Tahun di Hari yang Salah |trans-title= |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4491194/prabowo-kenang-momen-terima-medali-penghargaan-militer-dari-prancis |access-date=16 Desember 2020}}</ref> | colspan="2" |[[:en:Royal Order of Sahametrei|Knight of the Royal Order of Sahametrei]] - Kamboja<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profil Menhan Prabowo Subianto|url=https://www.kemhan.go.id/menhan|website=kemhan.go.id|access-date=2024-04-07}}</ref> | colspan="2" |[[:en:Ordre national du Mérite|Commander of the National Order of Merit]] - Prancis (1997)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kami |first=Indah Mutiara |date=31 Maret 2019 |title=Prabowo Kenang Momen Terima Medali Penghargaan Militer dari Prancis |trans-title= |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4491194/prabowo-kenang-momen-terima-medali-penghargaan-militer-dari-prancis|access-date=16 Desember 2020}}</ref> |- !Baris pa-11 |[[Darjah Gemilang Seri Melaka|Darjah Gemilang Seri Melaka (D.G.S.M.)]] - Melaka (26 Juli 2022)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Syahrial |first=Rizky |date=2022-07-26 |title=Saat Prabowo Dianugerahi Gelar Kehormatan Datuk Seri Darjah Gemilang Seri Melaka |url=https://www.inews.id/news/nasional/saat-prabowo-dianugerahi-gelar-kehormatan-datuk-seri-darjah-gemilang-seri-melaka |access-date=2023-03-23 |website=iNews.ID}}</ref> | colspan="2" |[[Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang (Tentera)|Darjah Utama Bakti Cemerlang (Tentera) (D.U.B.C.)]] - Singapura (21 November 2023)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bestari|first=Fardi|date=2023-11-21|title=Prabowo Subianto Terima Penghargaan Darjah Utama Bakti dari Presiden Singapura|url=https://foto.tempo.co/read/109909/prabowo-subianto-terima-penghargaan-darjah-utama-bakti-dari-presiden-singapura|website=Tempo|access-date=2023-11-21}}</ref> | colspan="2" |[[:en:Order of Zayed|Collar of the Order of Zayed]] - Uni Emirat Arab (13 Mei 2024)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-13|title=UAE President discusses cooperation with Indonesian Defence Minister; awards him Order of Zayed|url=https://wam.ae/id/article/b34ruo7-uae-president-discusses-cooperation-with|website=wam|access-date=2024-05-14}}</ref> |- !Brevet | colspan="5" |Brevet Kualifikasi Penanggulangan Teror (Gultor) |} |} [[Ugasan:Letjen Prabowo Subianto.jpg|right|thumb| Prabowo Subianto selaku Komandan Sekolah Staf dan Komando Tentara Nasional Indonesia (Sesko ABRI) berseragam dengan berbagai hiasan]] {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" |Brevet Kehormatan |- |[[Ugasan:Brevet_Surveyor_A.png|150x150px]] |Brevet Hidro-Oseanografi/Surveyor "A" (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Luhut Binsar, Prabowo Subianto hingga Hadi Tjahjanto Dapat Brevet Kehormatan dari KSAL Yudo Margono|url=https://www.kompas.tv/article/223321/luhut-binsar-prabowo-subianto-hingga-hadi-tjahjanto-dapat-brevet-kehormatan-dari-ksal-yudo-margono|website=KOMPAS.tv}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[Ugasan:Pin Korps Brimob.png|100px]] |Pin [[Korps Brigade Mobil|Korps Brimob]] (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prabowo Dianugerahi Gelar Warga Kehormatan|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEWN5Dj4ui0|date=2021-11-14|accessdate=2024-07-09|last=BeritaSatu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=developer|first=mediaindonesia com|title=Menhan Prabowo Jadi Warga Kehormatan Brimob|url=https://mediaindonesia.com/politik-dan-hukum/446578/menhan-prabowo-jadi-warga-kehormatan-brimob|website=mediaindonesia.com|access-date=2024-07-09}}</ref> |- | align="center" | [[Ugasan:Cambodian Army Special Forces Command Distinctive Unit Insignia.png|100px]] |Special Forces Command Distinctive Unit Insignia - Royal Cambodian Army (2022)<ref>{{cite web|title=Prabowo Subianto Disambut Meriah di Markas Militer Kamboja|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=1hNihmqIJUqz6OyI&v=zD9tlm_J53s&feature=youtu.be|date=2022-06-24|accessdate=2024-09-18|last=CNBC Indonesia}}</ref> |- | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Brevet_Intai_Amfibi_Kelas_I.png|150x150px]] |Brevet Trimedia Intai Amfibi [[Korps Marinir]] (2023)<ref name="AliMarinir">{{cite web|last=Galiartha|first=Gilang|date=24 Januari 2023|editor-last=Noor|editor-first=Chandra Hamdani|title=Kasad dikukuhkan sebagai warga kehormatan Korps Marinir TNI AL|url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/3362775/kasad-dikukuhkan-sebagai-warga-kehormatan-korps-marinir-tni-al|work=[[Antara]]|access-date=24 Januari 2023}}</ref> |- | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Brevet_PTAL.png|150x150px]] |Brevet Anti-Teror Aspek Laut (2023)<ref name="AliMarinir" /> |- |[[Ugasan:Wing_Penerbang_Kelas_I_TNI_AU.png|150x150px]] |Wing Penerbang TNI AU Kelas I (2023)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prabowo Dapat Brevet Wing Kehormatan Penerbang dari TNI AU|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20230308140900-32-922421/prabowo-dapat-brevet-wing-kehormatan-penerbang-dari-tni-au|website=nasional|access-date=2023-03-08}}</ref> |- |[[Ugasan:Brevet Komando Kopasgat Logam.png|90x90px]] |Brevet Komando [[Kopasgat]] (2023)<ref name="Media">{{cite web|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|title=Prabowo Jadi Warga Kehormatan Kopasgat TNI AU, Janji Jaga Nama Korps &ldquo;Baret Jingga&rdquo;|url=https://www.kompas.com/|website=KOMPAS.com}}</ref> |- |[[Ugasan:Brevet_Pengendali_Tempur_(Dalpur).png|130x130px]] |Brevet Pengendali Tempur (Dalpur) [[Kopasgat]] (2023)<ref name="Media"/> |- |[[Ugasan:Brevet_Satbaravo_90_Kopasgat.png|150x150px]] |Brevet Anti-Teror Aspek Udara (2023)<ref name="Media"/> |- |[[Ugasan:Brevet Hiu Kencana (Kapal Selam).png|150x150px]] |Brevet Hiu Kencana (2024) |} == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}} === Sumber === * {{cite book | last = Friend | first = T. | title = Indonesian Destinies | year = 2003 | publisher = Harvard University Press | isbn = 0-674-01137-6 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/indonesiandestin00theo }} * {{cite book | last = Purdey | first = Jemma| title = Anti-Chinese Violence in Indonesia, 1996–1999 | year = 2006 | publisher = [[University of Hawaii Press]] | isbn = 978-0-8248-3057-1 |location = Honolulu, HI }} {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Presiden ni Indonesia]] [[Horong:Presiden]] [[Horong:Pangintuai Indonesia]] oc9ymgknj47ko1f6ff3g2w23adx2sxr 0 1424 18535 12934 2026-08-22T18:48:27Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18535 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Bohorok River, Almanak Pemerintah Daerah Propinsi Sumatera Utara (1969), p291.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni Sunge Bohorok]] '''Sunge Bohorok''' i ma sada sunge na maringanan di [[Kabupaten Langkat]], [[Sumatera Utara]]. Sunge on gabe [[anak sunge]] ni [[Sunge Wampu]]. === Iklim === Curah udan na tumimbo i ma di bulan Desember dohot rata-rata 352 mm.<ref>Rainfall (1 month - TRMM, 1998-2016) | NASA</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Sunge]] [[Horong:Sunge di Sumatera Utara]] 7qxn9xz9p3lq1a3xj68tyxf41eo55jl 0 1442 18525 15274 2026-08-22T18:43:58Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18525 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Map of earthquakes 1900-.svg|thumb|Suhul dohot [[magnitudo]] 6,0+ sian taon 1900 sahat tu 2017]] '''Suhul''' i ma sada na masa na marragam rupana, adong do na balga, adong do na metmet, somal na molo ro suhul, humutur ma tano na ta denge, olo do di pigapiga inganan na ro suhul gabe roma [[aek na sumar]]. Sian angka si boto surat mandok, haroro ni suhul i ma anali adong namasa di bagasan ni tano on, manang na adong na mapultak manang namaponggol dibagasan tano on. <ref>Porlu di Padenggan</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} hylndtbpqxdbchk4j67sr2ncl5mjcfk 0 1443 18456 12689 2026-08-22T16:54:34Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lutheranisme''' ima salah sada Denominasi Gareja [[Protestan]] na marojahan tu teologi Martin Luther, tokoh reformasi gareja. Haporseaon Lutheran mulai sian taon 1517, tingki dikritik si Martin Luther praktek-praktek ni Gereja Katolik Roma marhite na manurathon 95 tesis na dipakuhon ibana tu pintu ni Gereja Segala Nabadia, [[Wittenberg]], [[Jerman]]. ==Ajaran== [[File:Lutherrose.svg|thumb|Mawar Luther]] Ajar-ajaran na khas ni si Martin Luther na jotjot juo iakui manjadi ciri khas ni ajaran Reformasi dirimpun manjadi tolu sola, ima sola fide, sola gratia, dot sola scriptura, na marlapatan “haporsayaan sajo”, “asi ni roha sajo” dot “ Bibel sambing". Lapatanna, didok si Luther do haluaon ni jolma i holan marhite haporseaon di ulaon asi ni roha ni Debata na pinatupaNa marhite Jesus Kristus, songon na hinatindanghon ni Bibel i. (Efesus 2:8-9 "Ai sian asi ni roha do umbahen na malua hamu, marhitehite haporseaon; silehonlehon ni Debata do i, ndada sian pambahenan i, unang adong na mamuji dirina") [[File:Martin Luther 2.jpg|thumb|Martin Luther, tokoh Reformasi Gereja, pajongjong gareja Protestan dohot Lutheran]] Dialo si Luther do pangalaho na menyalahgunahon indulgensi (padaohon uhuman na hinorhon ni dosa satongkin) hatiha i. Dipaboa si Luther do, ia jolma i malua ndang ala ni pambahenanna manang pambahenanna na denggan, alai holan ala ni asi ni roha ni Debata sambing do. On marojahan tu hata ni si Paulus di Surat Rom: “Alai dipatuduhon Debata do holong ni rohana tu hita, ai mate do Kristus humophop hita, uju pardosa dope hita” (Rom 5:8). ==Sakramen== Dirajumi Huria Lutheran do dua sakramen, i ma [[Pandidion]] dohot [[Komuni Nabadia]]. Katekismus Lutheran mangajarhon paboa ulaon ni Debata do pandidion i, na marojahan tu hata dohot bagabaga ni Kristus; jadi dihidanghon do i tu posoposo dohot tu na magodang. Dihaporseai Huria Lutheran do, ia [[roti]] dohot [[anggur]] na adong di tradisi [[eukaristi]] i ma tutu daging dohot mudar ni Kristus na nilehon tu halak Kristen asa dipangan jala diinum halak Kristen, songon na tinonahon ni Kristus sandiri. Godang do halak Lutheran na mampartahanhon pendekatan [[Liturgis]] tu [[Ekaristi]]. Ulaon Nabadia (manang Perjamuan Tuhan) diida songon ulaon sentral ni ibadah ni halak Kristen. Dihaporseai Huria Lutheran do, ia roti dohot anggur di Ulaon Nabadia i hadir do rap dohot daging dohot mudar ni Jesus, ndang holan manggantihon manang mewakili daging dohot mudarNa sambing. Diparhatopot nasida do di Mangido Maaf ni [[Pangakuan Augsburg|Pangakuan Augsburg]]: ''Ndang huhapus hami Misa alai partondion do hami membela jala membela i. Di tongatonganta dipatupa do Ulaon Misa ganup ari ni Tuhan dohot di angka ari na badia na asing, di na diparade Sakramen i tu angka na naeng manganhonsa, dung ditangkasi jala disesa dosana. Hupartahanhon hami do nang angka rumang ni parmingguon na somal, isara ni urutan ni [panjahaon [Bibel]], tangiang, baju liturgi, dohot angka na asing na suman tusi.'' (Konfesi Augsburg, Pasal XXIV.1) === Ikonoklasme === Pigapiga reformator Protestan, tarlumobi [[Andreas Karlstadt]], [[Huldrych Zwingli]] dohot [[John Calvin]] dohot siseanna [[John Knox]] mendukung padaohon gombaran agama marhite na mangojakhon pandapotna tu larangan manomba ganaganaan dohot. panompaon ni gombaran ni Debata na diuhir di Dekalog ([[Sampulu Patik]]). Alani i, sega ma patung dohot gombaran di serangan spontan ni sasahalak songon i nang di kerusuhan [[Ikonoklasme|ikonoklastik]] na so sah. Nang pe songon i, godang do angka gombaran agama dipadao pamarenta sipil di angka kota dohot luat di Eropa na baru direformasi. Ndang songon huria Protestan na asing, huria Lutheran umumna ndang mangalo pangkeon ni angka pencitraan anti-agama na songon i. I ma hinorhon ni pandohan ni si Martin Luther sandiri na mandok, ingkon bebas do halak Kristen mamangke gombaran na songon i asal ma unang disomba nasida i manggantihon Debata. == Gareja-gareja Lutheran di Indonesia == Gareja Lutheran di Indonesia on holan na marserak do di sandok Pulo [[Sumatera]], tarlumobi di [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Rejang Lebong|Rejang]], dohot [[Kepulauan Mentawai|Mentawai]], ima pelayanan sending [[Sumatera]] . luat ni [[RMG ]] di tingki i. Gareja Lutheran Sumatera Utara: * [[Huria Kristen Batak Protestan]] – HKBP * [[Huria Kristen Protestan Indonesia]] – GKPI * [[Huria Kristen Protestan Simalungun]] – GKPS * [[Huria Kristen Protestan Angkola]] – GKPA * [[Huria Kristen Protestan Pakpak Dairi]] – GKKPD * [[Huria Kristen Indonesia]] – IPR * [[Huria Kristen Luther Indonesia]] – GKLI * [[Gereja Protestan Persekutuan]] – GPP . Gareja Lutheran di Pulo-pulo Nias: * [[Banua Niha Keriso Protestan]] – BNKP * [[Angowuloa Masehi Indonesia Nias]] – AMEN * [[Orahua Niha Keriso Protestan]] – ONKP Gereja-gereja Lutheran luar Sumatera Utara: * [[Huria Kristen Protestan Mentawai]] – GKPM * [[Huria Kristen Rejang]] – GKR * [[Huria Kristen Batak Punguan]] – GPKB Asing ni ruas ni [[Persatuan Lutheran Sedunia]] (LWF), torop do sian angka huria na di ginjang i dohot ruas ni [[Komuni Gereja-gereja di Indonesia|PGI]]. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Kristen]] ch2wfx6a11veof6whc7ksdfpg87ucj8 0 1455 18121 10507 2026-08-22T13:00:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pamillit Presiden ni Amerika Serikat 2024''' ([[Hata Inggris|Inggris]]: ''2024 United States presidential election''), ima pamillitan presiden ni Amerika Serikat pa 60 hon, naung dipatupa tanggal 5 Nopember 2024 nasalpu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Is Election Day a federal holiday? What to know before decision day 2024.|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/tens-millions-early-votes-cast-election-day/story?id=115272249|website=USA Today|date=1 Nopember 2024|accessdate=6 Nopember 2024|author=Munson, Olivia}}</ref> Bahat angka media massa mamprediksi molo Partai Republik namangusung mantan presiden 45, [[Donald Trump]], dohot senator Ohio, [[JD Vance]], gabe namonang dipamillitan on, mangalo wakil presiden [[Kamala Harris]], dogot gubernur Minnesota [[Tim Walz]].<ref name=" APWin">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/live/trump-harris-election-updates-11-5-2024?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share|title=Trump wins the US Presidency|accessdate=6 Nopember 2024}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Amerika Serikat]] [[Horong:Pamillit Presdien]] nqsg1htpfdcucy780fhiwgxmfpps9qr 0 1461 18513 16382 2026-08-22T18:37:25Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pulo Nias i''' ma pandok tu pulo huhut angka pulopulo na tarampe di hasundutan pulo [[Sumatra|Sumatera]] di [[Indonesia]], jala sasara administrasi adong dibagas luat ni  provinsi [[Sumatera Utara]]. Pulo on marupahon polu naumbalga sian holangholang  pulo di topi laut hasundutan Sumatera, diingani angkup bangso [[Nias]].<ref>Visit Nias Island. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241108214622/https://www.visitniasisland.com/about-pulau-nias/ Ya'ahowu - Welcome to Nias Island] portal visitislandnias.com diakses pada 7 November 2024</ref>Huta on mangarihon objek mardalani songon marsalancar, jabu di tingki najolo, bogot tu aek, [[Lumpat Batu]]. Pulo angkup bidang ni luat 5.625 km² on diingani 906.832 halak di taon 2022. Pulo Nias tarbagi sian lima huta administrasi, sada kota jala opat kabupaten. <ref>detik sumut (21 Desember 2023).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241108214657/https://www.detik.com/sumut/wisata/d-7099861/12-tempat-wisata-terbaik-di-nias-untuk-liburan-akhir-tahun tempat wisata terbaik di nias untuk liburan akhir tahun] portal detik.com diakses pada 7 November 2024</ref> [[Ugasan:Nias peta topografi-id.svg|thumb|329x329px|Peta Pulo Nias]] == Pardalanan == Pardalanan to Pulo Nias sian Kota Medan boi di dalani sian dua sabola tur,laut, jala alogo. Molo mamilit tur-laut antong pardalanan sian kota medan manuju bontean boi didalani andorang hurang lobi 10-12 jom mamangke alunan tur songon motor pribadi, motor seua, manang motor trepel. Molo mamilit pardalanan alogo parhabangon sian kota medan tu Gunungsitoli boi didalani sian Bandara Internasional Kualanamu dohot masa hurang lobi 55 minut tu [[Bandara Binaka]], Mamangke Maskapai [[Garuda Indonesia]] jala [[Lion Air]]. <ref>Tribun Medan (24 Januari 2022). [https://medan.tribunnews.com/2022/01/24/jadwal-penyeberangan-kapal-feri-ke-pulau-nias-beserta-tarifnya Jadwal penyeberangan kapal feri ke pulau nias beserta tarifnya] portal medan.tribunnews.com diakses pada 7 November 2024</ref><ref>detik sumut (19 September 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241108214537/https://www.detik.com/sumut/berita/d-7548262/rekomendasi-transportasi-dari-medan-ke-nias rekomendasi tansportasi dari medan ke nias] portal detik.com diakses pada 7 November 2024</ref> == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] sanovi79d2tyjzpum2f66e5lg9mu0x8 0 1469 18531 15855 2026-08-22T18:47:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De bron van de Asahanrivier bij de brug te Porsea Sumatra TMnr 10007236.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni sada Jambatan di '''Sunge Asahan''']] '''Sunge Asahan''' ima sada [[Sunge]] na ganjang na 147 Kilometer, maringanan ma di Kecamatan Bandar Pulau, Kabupaten Asahan on di Provinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Haroro ni aek na adong di Sunge Asahan ima na sian aek [[Tao Toba]] jala ma molus ma i sian Huta Porsea, na di Kabupaten Toba sahat ma i di ujung na ima na di Teluk Nibung na di Kabupaten Asahan.<ref name=":0">'''iNews.id''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20241203141113/https://www.inews.id/travel/read/terbaik-3-dunia-dinginnya-arung-jeram-sungai-asahan-menusuk-tulang?sub_slug=destinasi Terbaik 3 Dunia Dinginnya Arung Jeram Sungai Asahan Menusuk Tulang] (Diida: 29 November 2024 - 08.57 Wib)</ref> == Dao ni pardalan tu Sunge Asahan == Alani nunga godang angka jolma di luat portibi on na mannada Sunge on, tar lumobi angka na marlomo ni roha tu Olah Raga Arumjerem, tab baen ma barita pardalan sian bandara sahat tu Sungen on, Asa sahat tu sunge on, molo sian Medan adong dua dalan na somal di dalani ima, na parjolo Sian [[Bandara Kualanamu]] na di Medan, manorus ma tu Bandar Pulau, jala di uduti ma muse tu Huta Tangga na dao na hira hira 90 kilo meter, molo sian Bandara i, hira hira 4 sahat tu 4,5 jom ma pardalanan. Na paduahon, Sian Kota Medan ma molus tu huta Porsea, leleng na 5 sahat tu 6 jom, saleleng di pardalanan hita, boi ma ta ida angka angka pamndangan na uli jala bagak ima angka huta di pinggir ni [[Tao Toba]].<ref name=":0" /> == Olah Raga Arum Jeram di Sunge Asahan == [[Ugasan:Lokasi Sumatra Utara Kabupaten Asahan.svg|thumb|Gombar ni Kabupaten Asahan]] Alani balga ni aek na, ima aek na ro sian Tao Toba, Sunge on nunga be godang di tadda angka jolma na sian angka bangso na asing, tarlumobi nasida na marlomo ni roha di olah raga Arumjerem, dang na sahali dua hali be '''Sungen Asahan''' on di bahen gabe inganan lao marlubba, alai nunnga tung jotjot be on dibahen laho inganan marlubba, sampe parohon angka bangso na asing, songon na i baritahon, Sungen on nomor tolu ma na umbagak laho inganan mar arum jeram di sandok portibi on. == Piga piga Impola ni Sunge Asahan == [[Ugasan:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Luchtfoto van Tandjoengbalai TMnr 10017791.jpg|thumb|Ujung ni Sunge Asahan, Hira hira Taon 1930-an]] '''mambahen Arus ni Listrik''' Songon na di baritahon, Aek ni sunge asahan on nunga di pakke laho mammbaen Arus ni Listrik na boi laho di pakke angka jolma di parngoluan nasida siganup ari. Marhite hite PLTA ima na di Sigura-gura na di karejoi par PT. Inamum, boi ma adong arus ni listrik sahat 286 MW<ref>'''Liputan6.com''' [https://www.liputan6.com/bisnis/read/3187817/jadi-jantung-inalum-plta-siguragura-bakal-lebih-efisien Jadi Jantung Inalum PLTA Siguragura Bakal Lebih Efisien] (Diida: 29 November 2024 - 08.58 Wib)</ref><ref>'''HumasIndonesia.id''' [https://humasindonesia.id/berita/energi-berkelanjutan-dari-sungai-asahan-2393 Energi Berkelanjutan Dari Sungai Asahan] (Diida: 29 November 2024 - 09.00 Wib)</ref> '''Inganan Marwisata''' Hahaadaongan ni Sungen on, adong do piga piga inganan na gabe inganan marwisata, songon [[Sampuran Ponot]], alai molo na gumodang di tadda ni angka par bangso na asing, ima wisata Arum Jeram '''Sunge Asahan'''. '''Inganan Mabuat Dekke''' Alani godang ni aek na umbahen gabe godang do muse Dekke na boi di dapot sian Sunge on, adong do piga piga dekke na jotjot di dida jala di dapot sian Sunge on, songon dekke Jair, Kepala Tima, Dekke Saribu, Dekke Sepat, Dekke Mas, Dekke Haruting, dohot angka dekke dekke na asing.<ref>'''TribunNews.com''' [https://medan.tribunnews.com/2014/02/15/ada-22-spesies-ikan-di-sungai-asahan Ada 22 Spesies Ikan di Sungai Asahan] (Diida: 29 November 2024 - 09.00 Wib)</ref> == Bereng muse == * [[Sampuran Ponot]] * [[Tao Toba]] * [[Pulo Samosir]] * [[Tao Sidihoni]] * [[Tao Aek Natonang]] == Pranala Ruar == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241203141113/https://www.inews.id/travel/read/terbaik-3-dunia-dinginnya-arung-jeram-sungai-asahan-menusuk-tulang?sub_slug=destinasi iNews] * [https://humasindonesia.id/berita/energi-berkelanjutan-dari-sungai-asahan-2393 HumasIndonesia.id] * [https://portal.asahankab.go.id/tempat-wisata-di-kabupaten-asahan/ Website Resmi Kabupaten Asahan] == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Sunge]] [[Horong:Sunge di Sumatera Utara]] 09mkzks2qhxtje4ujwxtp6wwthr33wv 0 1470 18386 15370 2026-08-22T16:15:45Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18386 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:River RP.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni sada sada sunge]] '''Sunge''' manang '''Binanga''' (Bahasa Indonesia : ''[[:id:Sungai|Sungai]]'') ima sada inganan habaoran ni aek na somal na gajjang jala torus mardalan aek dibagas na jala marnunut dang marna so. Sungen somal na ima inganan ni aek na mardalan sian inganan na timbo sahat u inganan na toruk, molo somal haroro ni aek ni sunge ima na sian harangan manang dolok, marmolus ma aek i jala somal na so ma aek na i di tao manang di laut. == Ulu ni Sunge == Somal na, Ulu ni Sungen jotjot ma ulu na i sian Harangan, manang sian Dolok na timbok, alai adong do muse ulu ni sungen na sian Tao, na ujung na sahat ma tu laut, songon [[Sunge Asahan]], haroro ni aek na dibagasan ni Sunge Asahan i, ima na sian [[Tao Toba]]. Nang pe songoni sian angka sunge na adong di portibi on, jotjot ma i mula ni uluma sian Harangan dohto Dolok. == Ujung / Habaoran ni Sunge == Molo Taringot tu Ujung manang habaorang ni Sunge, na somal na, ima tu Tao manang Tu laut, Songon Sungen Asahan, haroro ni aek na sian [[Tao Toba]], Habaoran na ima di Laut di jonok ni huta Tanjung Balai, Mabaor ma aek i tu laut, ima laut na adong di Selat Malaka, Kabupaten Asahan. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Aek]] [[Horong:Bentang alam]] n3nxuy6g1ms4jt5eki9wr8g7xxx4yvf 0 1481 18425 17185 2026-08-22T16:40:36Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Museum Situs Kota Cina''' marupahon goar tu situs arkeologi na tampe di topi tao [[Siombak]], [[Kelurahan Paya Pasir]], [[Kecamatan Medan Marelan]], [[Kota Medan.]]<ref>detik sumut (4 September 2022).[https://web.archive.org/web/20250416013156/https://www.detik.com/sumut/berita/d-6271298/situs-kota-cina-bukti-medan-pernah-jadi-kota-pelabuhan-internasional Situs Kota Cina]portal detik.com diakses pada 9 November 2024</ref> == Sarita == Sian abad 11 sahat tu abang  14, [[Kota Cina]] i ma bontean renggerengge luat portibi, Hopal na marlabu marasal sian Persia,Hindia jala Tiongkok. Di Kota Cina didapot keramik sian Persia dohot Tiongkok, hepeng koin sian [[Sri Langka]] dohot [[Tiongkok]], Jala [[Patung Budha]] sian Hindia.<ref name=":0">Merdeka.com (20 April 2023). [https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/menilik-sejarah-situs-kota-cina-jejak-bandar-perdagangan-tiongkok-di-kota-medan-marelan-176977-mvk.html?page=4 Menilik Sejarah Situs Kota Cina, Jejak Bandar Perdagangan Tiongkok di Kota Medan Marelan]portal merdeka.com diakses pada 9 November 2024</ref> Situs Kota Cina di Medan Marelan nunga diboto sian taon 1970, alai parguraton ni  turiturian na buhai tarboto tingki sabiji ganaganaan najolo pasdo di tingki adong panghalion tano mamangke ulaula na borat laho panimbunan pembangunan dalan Tol Balmera di taon 1986 nasalpu.<ref name=":1">Travel (20 April 2023).[https://travel.indozone.id/news/951272085/menelisik-museum-situs-kota-china-sempat-jadi-pelabuhan-perdagangan-internasional Menelisik Museum Situs Kota China, Sempat Jadi Pelabuhan Perdagangan Internasional] portal tarvel.indozone.id diakses pada 9 November 2024</ref> Kota Cina i ma harajon na duma huhut tardapot tokke sian luat portibi na diingani angka halak sian Tiongkok. Di hatopanna, Bangso Tiongkok ro dohot holomoan lao mangalului paruntungon ngolu lobi jenges na dumenggan sian inganan asalna dohot mangulahon Parboniagaan. Ditingki masa Dinasti Song, Bandar Kota Cina mandalani hauararon luat natur jala topi laut di ingani halak sian Tiongkok, dohot bontean natorop angkup sabola parboniagaan na sibuk.<ref name=":1" /> Parboniagaan songon guci,keramik, rompah-rompah, jala ganaganaan India Selatan.<ref name=":1" />Di bandar on muse marlangsung marragam aktipitas budaya. Partanda sian turiturian bontean on di boto dungkon pianulini hau holiholi sian bange hopal. Bnadar Kota Cina sarbob tarlola dung kota on tarhona bala portibi. Luat bontean na marhambang dao tartanom gabe natur. Sian sarita najolo di natorop, Mangodo ni Kota China di bahen alana mandapot burabura huhut diogai angkup parangan kapah.<ref name=":0" /> Salang deba na asing mandok, Kota inganan ni halak Tiongkok mago dungkon dung tarhona tsunami. Lima abad laos dungkon tokke Kota Cina tarjadi pandangkalon, Bontean na imbaru salpu tindang luat Bandar Labuhan Deli, sangga on luat na adong di Kelurahan Pekan Labuhan na marholang 3 Kilometer sian luat Kota Cina. Turiturian Bandar Labuhan Deli ibangu di taon 1814 dungkon raja patoluhon i ma Tuanku Panglima Pasutan, papindahon pusok pamarentaon Kesultanan Deli tu luat Labuhan Deli. <ref name=":0" /> == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} 8n55nugquy2t9mktjsnw50ca2hk7c52 0 1483 18536 15592 2026-08-22T18:48:45Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18536 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De spoorbrug van de Deli-spoorlijn over de rivier (Sungei Wampoe ) oostkust Sumatra TMnr 60004485.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni '''Sunge Wampu''' Na jolo]] '''Sunge Wampu''' ima sada [[sunge]] na adong di Provinsi [[Sumatara Urata]], Indonesia. Haroro ni aek na adong di Sunge on, ima sian [[Sunge Bohorok|Sunge Bahorok]] dohot [[Sunge Bingei]], Ulu ni aek on maringanan di [[Kabupaten Karo]], Molo disi, di dok ma goar na goar ni Sungen on, ''Lau Biang''<ref>'''Semedan.com''' (23 September 2020) [https://www.semedan.com/2020/09/setangkup-haru-di-sungai-wampu.html Setangkup Haru di Sunge Wampu] (Diida pada 10 November 2024)</ref>. Molo taringot tu habaoran ni Sunge on, ima di laut di [[Selat Malaka]]. == Mar Arum Jeram di Sunge Wampu == Alani godak ni aek na adong di sunge on, di bahen ma Sungen on gabe inganan mar Arum Jerem, ima sada olah raga na solma na di baen di sungen, songon na adong di [[Sunge Asahan]]. Nang pe dang sabalga aek ni Sunge Asahan, alai tung godang do jolma na tong ro mar Arum Jeram di Sunge on. == Boa boa asa Rap Majjaga Aek ni Sunge Wampu == [[Ugasan:Roeiwedstrijden op de Wampoerivier bij het jubileum van de Sultan, RP-F-2003-106-26.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni Sunge Wampu na jolo]] Ala Hahaadongan ni '''Sunge Wampu,''' godang do di bahen angka jolma na adong di luat na di laosi ni Sungen on laho di parngoluan ganup ari, songon gabe aek minum manang gabe inganan laho mabbuat dekke, Adong do Sada Perusahaan di jonok ni Sungen Wampu on, ima PT. Thong Langkat Energi, ima sada perusahaan na manghasilhon Alus ni Listrik, di bahen i, dipangidohon ma tu sede angka jolma sungan songoni dohot tu nampuna Perusahaan asa rappa retta majjaga Aek ni sungen on asa tong tong ias. <ref>'''Sumut Pos''' (7 Juli 2023). [https://sumutpos.jawapos.com/sumatera-utara/2374356972/sungai-wampu-diduga-tercemar Sunge Wampu diduga Tercemat] (Diida 10 November 2024)</ref> Tung godang do angka jolma di inganan pamolusan ni Aek Sungen Wampu on na jotjot mambahen Sungen Wampu gabe sada sada inganan laho manambahi haroro ni parhepengon na, tarlumobi ma nasida na karejo na manangkup dengke na adong di sunge on, biasa na dekke na dapat nasida i, di jual ma siada ma deba, hala di bahen nasida ma deba laho gabe lompan na di jabu ni nasida. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} == Pranala Ruar == * [https://www.semedan.com/2020/09/setangkup-haru-di-sungai-wampu.html Semedan.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241110023838/https://pu.go.id/berita/pembangunan-bendung-sei-wampu-di-provinsi-sumatera-utara-progresnya-mencapai-72- PU.go.id] * [https://www.tvonenews.com/daerah/sumatera/166736-kayu-gelondongan-banjiri-sungai-wampu-langkat-hingga-memutus-jembatan-penghubung-antardesa TVOneNews.com] * [https://sumutpos.jawapos.com/sumatera-utara/2374356972/sungai-wampu-diduga-tercemar SumutPos.co] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Sunge]] [[Horong:Sunge di Sumatera Utara]] ttje3lpv3klfjjl7e1k1msqzfahm1hv 0 1487 18426 15037 2026-08-22T16:41:38Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Kuil Shri Mariamman 1.jpg|thumb|Kuil Shri Mariamman]] '''Kuil Shri Mariamman''' ima kuil na maringanan di Petisah Tengah, Medan Petisah. Kuil on dibangun taon 1881 neng mamjua Dewi Mariamman.<ref>Amalia Wiliani. 14 Maret 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20070927034211/http://indahnesia.com/indonesia/indonesia.php</ref> Kuil on maringanan di kawasan na itanda gabe Huta Madras. Kuil na menstanahon lima dewa, ganup Dewa Shri Vinayagar, Shri Murugan, dohot Dewi Shri Mariamman (Durga marwujud kali) diurus sada sian keluarga nampuna perusahaan na umbalga Texmaco, Lila Marimutu. Harbangan on dihias dohot gopuram , ima menara bertingkat na biasona bisa dapot i harbangan ni kuil-kuil Hindu tingon India Selatan sanga sajenis harbangan. Jotjot do kuil on gok halak Hindu molo pesta Deepawali dohot Thaipusam dipatupa dison. == Kuil Shri Mariamman Medan == Kuil Shri Mariamman na lain juo maringanan i Medan, i selatan kota, donok tu Sungai Sepit. Kuil on dipajongjong di taon 1876. Ganup taon di kuil on dipatupa do ritual Theemithi, i ma ritual mardalan di ginjang ni api, di bagasan rangka ni perayaan Thaipusam. == Turi Turian == Kuil on ipajongjong i taon 1884 dot ima kuil Hindu tartua di kota Medan na marfungsi manjadi inganan parsombaon tu Dewi Mariamman. Kuil on dipajongjong songon hasil ni usaha gotong royong ni sude parhuta Tamil na parjolo di Medan, na di tingki i ima angka parkarejo di sada parusahaan perkebunan na maringanan di Sumatera Utara. Kuil on juo iuluhon Sami Rangga Naiker dot Somusundram Vaithiyar, Ramasamy Vaithiyar, na juo donatur tu pembangunan kuil on. Kuil Sri Mariamman maringanan di Jalan Teuku Umar 18, na daona 500 meter sian Kuil Gunung Timur. Kuil on maringanan di Desa Madras , ima sada luat di Medan na niinganan ni godangan suku Tamil Hindu. Bagas joro i mardomu tu alun-alun Matahari. Kuil on puna arsitektur na sarupa dohot kuil-kuil Hindu lainna di India Selatan dot Sri Lanka , inda songon piga-piga kuil Hindu lainna di bagian-bagian lainna di Indonesia na mangihuthon gaya Jawa sanga Bali. Kuil Sri Mariamman diresmihonn neng kegunaan Hindu Dharma tanggal 23 Oktober 1991, oleh mantan Gubernur Sumatera Utara H. Raja Inal Siregar. == Dewa-Dewi == Kuil Sri Mariamman digoari sian Dewi Mariamman. Mangihuthon haporseaon Hindu, Mariamman ima sada dewi na dihaporseai puna kuaso mangubati ragam ni sahit, paluahon ragam ni sahit na menek, wabah ni ragam ni sahit na borat, jala boi mangirim udan tingki mangalami logo ni ari. Dewi on isomba i piga-piga wilayah India Selatan songon Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, dot Karnataka. Salain ipake giot manomba Mariamman, kuil on juo ipake giot manomba dewa-dewi Hindu songon Wisnu, Ganesha, Siwa, Durga, Murugan, dot na lain-lain.<ref>https://www.medanwisata.com/2014/03/kuil-shri-mariamman-kuil-hindu-tertua-medan.html</ref> == Arsitektur == Bagas joro on dihaliangi tembok na timbona 2,5 meter. Di jolo adong do pintu masuk tu Kuil Arca Tuwarasakti jala di ginjang ni pintu masuk i adong do relief dohot patung Tuhan Siwa. Digombarhon do Tuwarasakti songon sada boruboru, ai laos ibana do pangalinggomi ni Dewi Mariamman. Bohina na uli, opat tanganna mamboan trisula, tombak dohot pasa dohot gerak tangan na marisi lapatan sipasingot. Di dinding jolo siamun adong patung Laksmi. Patung na di tonga-tonga i ma patung ni sahalak pandita Hindu na digombarhon mamangke sorban jala mamangke kumis na mokmok, khas ni halak Tamil. Di dinding jolo hambirang adong do patung ni si Parwathi. Patung Parvathi adong dua tanganna jala sada tanganna maniop kendi na gok aek. Di bagasan ni bagas joro adong tolu bilut parsombaon. I bagasan kamar-kamar on adong piga-piga patung na manggombarkon Dewa Wisnu, Dewa Siwa dot Dewa Brahma. Di bagasan ni bagas joro on godang do angka perhiasan na unik, tarmasuk ma i patung-patung na pajagarhon bagas joro i. Di ruangan parbagasan, disomba ma debata Murugan, Wisnu, anak Murugan dohot Narayanan. Di hambirangna adong do angka dewa-dewa Vinayagar; Brahma, Siwa, Wisnu; Agastya dohot Siwa, Parwathi dohot Nandi. Di pudi ni bagas joro i, diparade do Kresna, Raja Rajeswari dohot Thillai Natarajar. == Kuil Shri Mariamman lainnya == Kuil Shri Mariamman i Singapura ima kuil Hindu tartobang dot targodang i negara on. Kuil on dipajongjong di taon 1843. Di Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, adong sada Kuil Sri Mariamman na dipajongjong di taon 1883, jala ima kuil Hindu na tumua disi. == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} muhn49hjob4j8j98s1a14p1vlcomixa 0 1491 18512 16869 2026-08-22T18:36:59Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pulo Mursala''' ima salah sada pulo na adong di Samudera Hindia. Pulo on adong di sabola barat ni Pulo Sumatera. Secara administrasi, Pulo Mursala maringanan di Tapanuli Tengah, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Pulo on ima bagian ni Kecamatan Tapian Nauli, Tapanuli Tengah jala maringanan di barat daya Kota Sibolga jala 22,5 km sian Pandan, huta sabungan Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Pulo Mursala puna luas ± 8.000 Ha dot bisa idapot lewat Pandan sanga Sibolga dohot kapal mangaliat Teluk Tapanuli. Mardasarkon hasil survei toponim pulo taon 2006, pulo on ibahen gorar Pulo Mursala. Sian hasil verifikasi Tim Nasional Standarisasi Nama Bentuk Tanah taon 2007, Pulo Mursala ndang mangalami parubahan goar. Hata Mursala marlapatan "musala". Digoari do i Pulo Mursala ala manurut sejarah, di zaman najolo adong do sada ulama na pararathon agama Islam di pasisir barat Sumatera jala pajongjong inganan ibadah manang ruang doa di pulo on. Topografi ni pulo on umumna ima pulo na mardolok-dolok dot sabagian tingon i tano na rendah na ipake manjadi inganan parmianan. Pantai on deba pasir na bontar jala deba marbatu. Pulo Mursala didominasi kalapa, bakau, duhut-duhut dohot suan-suanan na lobi ginjang. Pulo on tarcantum manjadi salah sada pulo na inda adong pangisina. Di dia adong sada dusun na marpenduduk 250 keluarga. Sarana dot prasarana na adong ima dermaga kayu dot sikola dasar. == Deskripsi == Pulo Mursala tarbonggal manjadi pulo na puna keindahan alam. Alai, jotjot do jotjot marpanghorhon na so denggan tu keanekaragaman hayati ni pulo on. Pulo on tarbonggal arani air terjun na bisa idapot i sabola barat ni pulo on. Adong muse do sada pulo na metmet di sabola timur ni Pulo Mursala, na targoar Pulo Putri. Pulo Mursala juo tarbonggal manjadi sada-sadana habitat tu spesies tumbuhan Dipterocarpus cinereus , na ianggap madung punah sampe taon 2010-an. Piga-piga sumber mandokon molo Pulo Mursala tarlobi-lobi air terjunna ima salah sad<ref>https://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/2463</ref>a lokasi na ipake manjadi latar film King Kong Peter Jackson. <ref>https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/394/1/012004</ref>Pulo on ma muse latar film 2013, Mursala.<ref>https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/jadi-tempat-syuting-film-king-kong-ini-4-pesona-pulau-mursala-yang-eksotis.html</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] 9myaavqvt9mkcwp3ca2inrlcw8yyu9i 0 1507 18522 16854 2026-08-22T18:43:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18522 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Lembah Bangkara.jpg|thumb|'''Rura Bangkara''', di [[Humbang Hasundutan]], [[Indonesia]]]] '''Rura Bangkara ('''[[Surat Batak]]: ᯒᯮᯒᯅᯰᯂᯒ) i ma sada rura na adong di topi ni [[Tao Toba]], maringanan ma i di huta Siunong Unong Julu, [[Baktiraja, Humbang Hasundutan|Kecamtan Bakti Raja]], [[Humbang Hasundutan|Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]], [[Sumatera Utara|Propinsi Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name=":0">'''Website Resmi PemKab Humbahas'''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220804204016/https://ito.humbanghasundutankab.go.id/go/to/lembahbakara Lembah Bangkara]. (Diida: 11 November 2024)</ref> == Sarita Sejarah ni Rura Bangkara == '''Rura Bangkara''' ima inganan hatutubu ni Raja Sisingamangaraja na parjolo sahat tu Raja Sisingamangajara XII, songon na di baritahon Raja Sisingamangajara XII ima sada pahlawan ni Bangso [[Indonesia]] na sian Bangso [[Batak Toba|Batak]], adong do didapot di Rura Bangkara on angka batu na sian Parpultak ni Dolok Toba na hinan, ima na di anggar anggar hira hira mar 74.000 taon naung salpu, jala di dok do Rura Bangkara on gane [[Geopark Kaldera Toba]] na gelleng manang na metmet Adong do muse di Luat Rura Bangkara on par hutaan jala adong do sada Markas ni bokkas Harajaon ni Raja Sisingamangaraja XII dison.<ref name=":2">'''TimeNews''' (12 Juni 2023). [https://www.timenews.co.id/hiburan/9959107899/lembah-bangkara-keajaiban-alam-dan-kisah-sejarah-tempat-kelahiran-pahlawan-nasional-sumatera-utara Lembah Bangkara: Keajaiban Alam dan Kisah Sejarah Tempat Kelahiran Pahlawan Nasional Sumatera Utara]. (Diida: 11 November 2024)</ref> == Inganan dohot Balgani Sigararon == Molo ro hita sian Bandara Silangit, dao ni parjalan ima 50 sahat tu 60 Menit asa sahat tu luat ni Raja Sisingamangajara on, somal na molo manewa motor (Na Opat Ban na) hita sian Bandara Silangit hira hira Mar Rp. 300.000 sahat tu Rp. 450.000 ma bayaran na, molo sian Medan, hira hira mar 5 jom sahat tu 6 jom ma dao ni pardalanan ta manan hira hira mar 222 Kilometer ma dao na, angka na aneng marborngin di luat Rura Bangkara on, godang do boi dapot ta angka inganan lao marborgin, songon ''Homestay'' manang angka penginapan ne gelleng sahat tu Hotel na balga, ta pasosok ma tu parhepengen ta. Molo aneng masek tu Rura Bangkara,somal na mabbayar / manggarar ma hita Rp. 7.000 sahal jolma, dohot Rp. 5.000 hepeng parkir ni kareta (Na dua Ban na) ta.<ref name=":1">'''BoluMenara''' (03 September 2024). [https://web.archive.org/web/20241115030457/http://bolumenara.co.id/artikel/detail/berkunjung-ke-lembah-bangkara-destinasi-wisata-sumatera-utara-yang-mirip-eropa Berkunjung Ke Lembah Bangkara, Destinasi Wisata Sumatera Utara yang Mirip Eropa]. (Diida: 11 November 2024)</ref> == Inganan Marwisata == [[Ugasan:Gambar Sungai Aek Silang Baktiraja.jpg|thumb|Sunge Aek Silang di Rura Bangkara]] Songon naung taboto, Rura Bangkara on, ima inganan ni hatutu bi Raja Sisingamangaraja, di dok, nunga hea adong 12 Raja na marhuaso di Rura Bangkara on. Molo aneng marwisata tu luat Bangkara on, adong do piga piga inganan na somal dibahen gabe inganan laho margombar, songon di Pinggir Ni [[Tao Toba]], manan ro tu Inangan ni Bokkas Ni Raja Sisingamangaraja, adong muse do di Luat on sada Sampuran na somal di ida angka wisatawan, ima Sampuran Janji, Sipultak Hoda.<ref name=":3">'''TribunNewsMedan''' (16 Juni 2023). [https://medan.tribunnews.com/2023/07/16/lembah-bangkara-tempat-wisata-di-sumut-dengan-latar-danau-toba-dan-perkampungan-bangkara Lembah Bangkara, Tempat Wisata di Sumut dengan Latar Danau Toba dan Perkampungan Bangkara]. (Diida: 11 November 2024)</ref> Adong muse do Sunge di inganan on ima dua sunge na mambola huta di Rura Bangkara on, ima '''Sunge Aek Silang''' dohot '''Sunge Simangira,''' jala jotjot do muse sunge on dibahen gabe inganan laho margombar gombar.<ref>'''GoodNewsFromIndonesia.id'''. [https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2021/08/25/lembah-bangkara-alternatif-wisata-sumatra-utara-selain-danau-toba Lembah Bangkara Alternatif Wisata Sumatera Utara Selain Danau Toba] (Diida: 15 November 2024 - 22.25 Wib)</ref> == Pranala Ruar == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220804204016/https://ito.humbanghasundutankab.go.id/go/to/lembahbakara Situs Resmi PemKab Humbahas] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241115030457/http://bolumenara.co.id/artikel/detail/berkunjung-ke-lembah-bangkara-destinasi-wisata-sumatera-utara-yang-mirip-eropa BoluMenara] * [https://medan.tribunnews.com/2023/07/16/lembah-bangkara-tempat-wisata-di-sumut-dengan-latar-danau-toba-dan-perkampungan-bangkara TribunNewsMedan] * [https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2021/08/25/lembah-bangkara-alternatif-wisata-sumatra-utara-selain-danau-toba GoodNewsFromIndonesia.id] == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Rura]] 77ob2du8x2vl3mjx3zopwz8gz1z3b96 0 1528 18274 12664 2026-08-22T14:04:37Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''HKBP Distrik II Silindung''' ima salah sada luat gerejawi administratif HKBP na berpusat di Kota Tarutung, Tapanuli Utara dohot luat panghobasion di luat Silindung na sappul sude luat ni Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara. == Huria == Di taon 2023, Distrik II Silindung adong ma ruas ni huria 21.144 kapala keluarga manang 90.839 halak, bilangan on manghamham hira-hira 30% sian sude jolma ni Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara. Resort Sipahutar ima resort na umbalga di na torop ni parmingguon lobi sian 5.887 halak. Hape Gultom Resort do na ummetmet, holan 316 halak do ruasna.<ref>https://p2k.stekom.ac.id/ensiklopedia/HKBP_Distrik_II_Silindung</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Kristen-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Huria Kristen Batak Protestan]] 8w9iuo8pujlpysq966pjq660o4rh65h 0 1533 18534 15843 2026-08-22T18:48:10Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18534 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sunge Belawan''' ima sada sunge na maringanan di Sumatera Utara, Indonesia, mangalintang Kota Medan dohot Kabupaten Deli Serdang . Sungai on sakitar 30 kilometer ganjangna dohot dibahen gabe salah sada saluran utama mandurushon udara tingon daerah hulu tu muara i Selat Malaka. Muara ni Sungai Belawan maringanan di Kecamatan Medan Belawan, hira-hira 27 km sian pusat Kota Medan, jala gabe sada inganan na ringkot tu ulaon parkapalan dohot pardagangan marhite Pelabuhan Belawan, ima pelabuhan na umbalga di Sumatera Utara.<ref>https://repositori.uma.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/8164/1/128110073.pdf</ref> == Turi-Turian == Turi-Turian ni sunge Belawan gomos do hubunganna tu perkembangan ni bontean na dibangun Sultan Deli di bona ni abad pa-20-hon. Najolo, bontean on di Sungai Deli, alai ala ni lumpur ni kapal na mangambati dalan na balga, di taon 1915, bontean on dipindahon tu Sunge Belawan.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241113025230/https://www.garda.id/2024/07/sejarah-pelabuhan-belawan-di-medan.html</ref> Sunge Belawan dang holan manjadi jalur transportasi barang dohot komoditas ale tong do gabe pusat ulaon ekonomi tu masyarakat na humaliang. Sada saksi na hohom do bontean Belawan tu parboniagaan ni angka komoditas sian angka luat na marragam di Nusantara on, tarmasuk ma i timbako dohot angka rempah-rempah, na diekspor tu luar negeri. Di taon 1938, pelabuhan on didiok gabe bontean naumbalga di Hindia Bolanda, na patuduhon tanda na ringkot ni Sungai Belawan di jalur pardagangan internasional di tingki i.<ref>https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/kilas-balik-pelabuhan-belawan-tempo-dulu-jadi-pelabuhan-terbesar-di-hindia-belanda-60963-mvk.html</ref> Alai, ulaon martiga-tiga di Sunge Belawan mangalami gangguan di tingki Porang Dunia II ala ni serangan Jepang, na mambahen lam moru ulaon ekspor. Nang pe songon i, batang aek on tongtong do gabe bagian na so tarsirang sian prasarana transportasi dohot ekonomi di Sumatera Utara sahat tu tingki on. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Sunge]] [[Horong:Sunge di Sumatera Utara]] 9ka818c4r4n8sgh1ftpf2coqd39m016 0 1534 18519 16868 2026-08-22T18:42:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pulo Tanabala''' atau '''Pulo Tanahbala''' ima sada pulo na maringanan i selatan Kapulauan Batu , Indonesia . Sacara administrasi, pulo on masuk tingon tolu kecamatan i Kabupaten Nias Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara.<ref>https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2019/09/26/50e33fb883c0d1c40aa2c81f/kecamatan-hibala-dalam-angka-2019.html</ref> == Geografi == Sarupa dohot pulo-pulo na balga na asing di Kapulauan Batu , Pulo Tanabala ima bagian tingon Punggung Busur Sunda Luar i barat Pulo Sumatera na iangkat gabe prisma akresi arani subduksi Lempeng Indo-Australia maradopkon Lempeng Eurasia.<ref>https://books.google.co.id/books?id=5uwrAQAACAAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Subduksi na tarjadi manghasilkon pembentukan melange i luat Busur Luar Sunda hira-hira zaman Oligosen sampe Miosen, i Tanabala na tardiri tingon batuan metamorfik tingon laut bagas dot kerak benua na bisa idapotkon i bagian barat laut pulo dot idongani marhite hadirion ni angka hasalaan na tu toru. Piga-piga formasi geologis na muncul i pudian ni ari, songon Formasi Hiligeho dot Formasi Gunungbala , tardiri tingon batuan sedimen na tarbentuk i maso Miosen sampe Pliosen dot marisi fosil foraminifera. Pulo Tanabala tarpisah tingon Pulo Tanahmasa tu utara ni Selat Tanahbala na ibentuk tingon sesar dorongan i sisi timur lautna. Titik tertinggi ni pulo on maringanan di utara di ginjang ni 270 m, gari di selatan ni pulo on adong do Gunung Bala na timbona ni 228 m. Adong do piga-piga sunge di pulo on songon Sunge Seikam. I luat Pulo Tanabala, adong piga-piga pulo na lobi menek, salah sadana ima Pulo Boji i selatan. == Demografi dohot pamarentaan == Pulo Tanabala ima luak na adong tolu kecamatan, ima Kecamatan Hibala, Kecamatan Tanah Masa, dot Kepulauan Batu Barat. Pulo Tanabala ima pulo utama i Kecamatan Hibala. Sude luas 17 huta di Hibala manutupi pulo on dohot huta na paling godang jolma na tinggal di si ima Eho di sabola tenggara ni pulo na laos huta sabungan kecamatan. Kecamatan Hibala manggohi luat timur dohot dangsina ni pulo on sementara luat barat ni pulo on tarmasuk tolu huta di Kecamatan Tanah Masa (Makole, Sifauruasi, dohot Jeke) dohot sada huta di Pulo-pulo Batu Barat (Hili Jamorogo Tano). == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] 02ciao85egs1wkdc45d6lro051w9svc 0 1535 18516 15838 2026-08-22T18:38:02Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pulo Poncan Ketek''' ima salah sada pulo na adong di Samudera Hindia. Pulo on adong di sabola barat ni Pulo Sumatera. Pulo on ima bagian tingon wilayah kota Sibolga.<ref>https://p2k.stekom.ac.id/ensiklopedia/Pulau_Poncan_Ketek</ref> Sacara administratif, Pulo Poncan Ketek ima bagian tingon Kota Sibolga, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240725063301/https://sibolgakota.go.id/home/wisata-bahari/</ref> Sian hasil survey toponim pulo taon 2006, pulo on dibahen goar Pulo Poncan Ketek. Sian hasil verifikasi Tim Nasional Standarisasi Nama Bentuk Tanah taon 2007, Pulo Poncan Ketek ndang mangalami parubahan goar. Tai inda adong sumber na patorangkon sanga aha sanga aha igorar pulo on Pulo Poncan Ketek.<ref>https://p2k.stekom.ac.id/ensiklopedia/Pulau_Poncan_Ketek</ref> Topografi Pulo Ketek Poncan umumna adong pantai pasir na bontar dohot piga-piga pantai na marbatu. Ala jonok, hampir sarupa do bagak laut ni Pulo Poncan Ketek dohot Pulo Poncan Gadang jadi boi dipabalga gabe luat wisata laut. Di tingki najolo, luat na humaliang pulo on dipangke gabe pusat parboniagaan di Teluk Tapian Nauli andorang so adong pembangunan ni Kota Sibolga. Pulo Poncan Ketek didominasi vegetasi kalapa, waru, duhut-duhut dohot bakau.<ref>https://p2k.stekom.ac.id/ensiklopedia/Pulau_Poncan_Ketek</ref> Pulo on targoar do gabe salah sada pulo na soadong pangisina.<ref>https://p2k.stekom.ac.id/ensiklopedia/Pulau_Poncan_Ketek</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] i5l7cc96km0yclz3j7hhmzl3enthb2o 0 1574 18515 15837 2026-08-22T18:37:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18515 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Poncan oke.jpg|thumb|Dompak jolo Pulo Poncan Gadang]] '''Pulo Poncan Gadang''' ima salah sada pulo na adong di Samudera Hindia. Pulo on adong di sabola barat ni Pulo Sumatera. Pulo on ima bagian sian luat kota Sibolga. Secara administratif, Pulo Poncan Gadang masuk tu luat Kota Sibolga, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Mardasarkon hasil survey toponim pulo taon 2006, pulo on dibahen goar Pulo Poncan Gadang. Sian hasil verifikasi Tim Nasional Standarisasi Goar Bentuk Tano taon 2007, Pulo Poncan Gadang ndang mangalami hamubaon goar. Alai dang adong sumber na patorangkon sanga aha alana ibahen goar ni pulo on Pulo Poncan Gadang. Topografi ni pulo on umumna relatif rata. Pante di Pulo Poncan Gadang mansai uli do aekna na ias, pasir na bontar jala dihaliangi taman laut na mansai uli. Marragam jenis ni dengke dohot karang godang do potensina tu pariwisata laut songon manjala dengke, marlange dohot manghonong. Pulo Poncan Gadang didominasi vegetasi suan-suanan kalapa, duhut-duhut, ramba-ramba, bakau dohot suan-suanan na lobi ginjang. Pulo on tarcantum gabe salah sada pulo na diingani. Dohot angka pangisi 23 halak manang 12 keluarga. Adong do pondok dohot piga-piga lapo di jolona na dilengkapi dohot dermaga sederhana laho tempat kapal marlabu.<ref>https://medan.tribunnews.com/2022/01/31/pulau-poncan-destinasi-wisata-yang-tawarkan-kejernihan-dan-keberagaman-biota-laut</ref> [[Ugasan:Poncan gadang.jpg|thumb|Pinggirran ni Pulo Poncan Gadang]] == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] eu0oxvnp4vj0w6mreyqjib9kmbtn8he 0 1581 18532 15935 2026-08-22T18:47:42Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sunge Barumun''' ima sada sunge na adong di Sumatera na mualna adong di Siraisan , Kabupaten Padang Lawas di bagian tenggara Provinsi Sumatera Utara , Indonesia , hira-hira 1200 km manabia ni Jakarta.<ref>https://www.geonames.org/1649927/sungai%20barumun.html</ref> == Hidrologi == Sunge on durus tu utara mamolus Lawas Padang Utara, Labuhanbatu Selatan, dohot Kabupaten Labuhan Batu andorang so sahat tu pasisir timur Sumatera dohot babana di Selat Malaka. Kota tarbalga di topi aek Barumun ima Kota Kotapinang, Labuhan Batu Selatan, dohotgokna ima 54.000 alak.<ref>https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kotapinang,_Labuhanbatu_Selatan&oldid=13731729</ref>Tagan i, kota tarbalga di rura sunge Barumun ima Rantau Prapat, na maringanan di Bilah na marpangisi 164.000 jolma. Sunge on ima salah sada sunge tarbalga i Sumatera dohot ganjang sakitar 440 km. '''Anak ni Sunge''' Anak ni sunge tarmasuk mai (Bilah), Kanan, Batang Pane, Sihapas, Batang Taris dohot Aek Sangkilon. Sude anak ni sunge i Barumun marmula sian luat pardolok-dolok di topi ni Dolok Bukit Barisan. == Geografi == Sunge on durus di luat utara Pulo Sumatera na puna iklim harangan udan tropis (kode: Af menurut klasifikasi iklim Köppen-Geiger).<ref>https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html</ref> Rata-rata suhu sataon hira-hira 23 °C. Bulan na paling mohop ima bulan Mei, dohot suhu rata-rata 25 °C, dohot na paling ngali ima bulan Januari, sakitar 22 °C.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200510015442/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php</ref> Rata-rata udan sataon ima 2801 mm. Bulan na gumodang udan ima bulan November, dohot rata-rata 381 mm, jala na umtoru ima bulan Maret, rata-rata 126 mm. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Sunge]] [[Horong:Sunge di Sumatera Utara]] o4ebzr437dg1q0r0fzk3arpnhu8aiei 0 1583 18518 15514 2026-08-22T18:42:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18518 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pulo Tanahmasa''' ima sada pulo na maringanan di bagian tonga Kepulauan Batu, Indonesia. Pulo on sacara administratif ima bagian sian opat kecamatan i Kabupaten Nias Selatan, Provinsi Sumatera Utara.<ref>https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/1/MTE5IzE=/jumlah-penduduk-menurut-kecamatan-dan-agama-yang-dianut-di-kabupaten-nias-selatan-2015.html</ref> Pulo Tanahmasa boi iakses lewat laut dohot udara lewat Bandara Lasondre na maringanan i ujung utara Pulo Tanahmasa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200925014858/http://hubud.dephub.go.id/hubud/website/BandaraDetail.php?id=94</ref> == Geografi == Sarupa dohot pulo-pulo na balga lainna di Kapulauan Batu , Pulo Tanahmasa ima bagian sian Punggung Busur Sunda Luar di barat Pulo Sumatera na iangkat gabe prisma akresi arani subduksi Lempeng Indo-Australia tu Lempeng Eurasia.<ref>https://books.google.co.id/books?id=5uwrAQAACAAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>Subduksi na manjadi manghasilhon pambentukan mélange di luat Busur Luar Sunda sakitar zaman Oligosen sahat Miosen, di Tanahmasa na tardiri sian batuan metamorfik tingon laut bagas hokerak benua na boi didapothon di bagian barat laut pulo dohot ima didongani hadirion ni angka sesar na tu toru. Pulo Tanahmasa i siranghon sian Pulo Tanabala i selatan ni Selat Tanahbala na tarbentuk sian sesar dorongan i sisi timur lautna. Pulo Tanahmasa maringanan di koordinat 0,0845°N dohot 98,2623°Timur. Topografi Pulo Tanahmasa umumna ima sada pulo na sabagian miring tano na marbukit-bukik dohot pante pasir na bontar. Suansuanan na tubu i ma na manggomgomi angka hau bakau, kalapa dohot suansuanan harangan na padat. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] qkna0t2odo4tsj66z8txkk3upsavfk9 0 1589 18510 16786 2026-08-22T18:36:35Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Batu Kepulauan peta topografi id.svg|thumb|'''Pulo Boji''' di Toru ni Kepulauan Batu]] '''Pulo Boji''' manang '''Pulo Bojo''' (manang idok muse '''Pulo''' '''Bodjo''') ima sada Pulo na adong di unjung Dangsina ni [[Kepulauan Batu]], di [[Kabupaten Nias Selatan]], [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Pulo on molo di pamarentaan masuk ma tu bagasan ni Huta Duru, di Kecamatan Hibala tu bagasan ni Kabupaten Nias Selatan.<ref name=":0">'''BPS.go.id''' (26 September 2024). [https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/09/26/f919b63e541c464c0b24b92f/kecamatan-hibala-dalam-angka-2024.html Kecamatan Hibala Dalam Angka 2024] (Diida: 24 November 2024 - 16.08 Wib)</ref> == Rupa ni Pulo Boji == Di ida sian peta, jolo do '''Pulo Boji''' on sian [[Pulo Tanabala|Pulo Talabala]] hira hira 2,8 Kilometer ma dao na tu toruan manang tu Dangsina, molo tu arah Pastina, adong ma disi [[Pulo Siberut]] jala dao na hira hira 35,4 kilometer. Aek Laut na adong dibagas ni Pulo Boji dohot Pulo Talabala tung mansai kencang do molo gogok ni aek laut disi, olo do sahat sampe hira hira 2 tu 3 Knot gogo na. Di pinggir piggir ni Pulo Boji on, di piga piga inganan adong do ''terumbu karang,'' sian topi na i, hira hira 500 m to laut.<ref>'''Ibiblio.org.''' [https://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/photos/SoutheastAsia/PulauBojoIDSU.htm Pulau Bojo Light, Indonesia] (Diida: 24 November 2024 - 16.10 Wib)</ref> == Na masa di Pulo Boji == '''Pulo Boji''' on manang '''Huta Duru''' on masuk ma tubagasan ni Kecamatan Hibala, sian barita na diharuarhon ni pamarenta marhite hite BPS (''Badan Pusat Statistik'') di na tanggal 26 September 2024 naung salpu, nion ma na masa na adong di Pulo Boji on:<ref name=":0" /> * Pulo Boji Sarupa dohot Huta Duru * Adong tolu Dusun di Pulo Boji * Godang ni Jolma na adong di Pulo Boji on, ima 447 Halak, 247 halak ma i boru boru, jala 202 halak ma i bawa == Daptar Pustaha == {{reflist}} == Pranala Ruar == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] lppf2v775xwtzt8uzajfb6jtxv77t8a 0 1591 18533 15354 2026-08-22T18:47:55Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18533 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Sungai Batang gadis di Aek Godang Mandailing Natal.jpg|alt=on ma sunge na i|thumb|Sunge Batang Gadis, Mandailing Natal]] '''Sunge Batang Gadis''' ima sunge utama na umganjang dohot na umbalga di Mandailing Natal. Gariada batang aek on mabaor ra di sandok Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Mulai sian julu di Ulu Pakantan Muara Sipongi, mamolus piga-piga kecamatan jala marujung tu Kecamatan Muara Batang Gadis. Sunge on mabaor ma sian inganan parmianan, hauma, sawah, tambang pasir, taman wisata dohot bendungan. Asing ni dipangke laho manahan arus, bendungan sunge on pe dipangke do tu tujuan irigasi. Sunge Batang Gadis termasuk do gabe luat na adong di [[Porlak Nasional Batang Gadis]]. Sunge on ndang holan dalan aek na mabaor; ima sada turpukna so tarsirang sian ngolu dohot budaya ni halak [[Mandailing]]. Ganjangna, na mamolus marragam huta dohot kecamatan, mambahen sunge on gabe pusat ekonomi, sosial dohot lingkungan na mansai ringkot. Molo didok di hata Mandailing, Batang martudutudu tu arti ni ‘badan’ ni sada batang aek na godang. Ala ni i, asing ni Batang Gadis, angka sunge na balga na asing di luat on pe mamangke hata ‘batang’, isarana: Batang Natal, Batang Parlampungan, Batang Angkola, dohot Batang Batahan. Godang do ulaon masyarakat dipatupa di Sunge Batang Gadis on, isarana maridi, manuci, jala godang do mamangke bahan beracun isara deterjen, sampo, pemutih baju (klorin), dohot mambalokon sampah na metmet dohot na balga. Pertambangan emas langsung mambalokkon limbahna tu sunge songon miak dohot sedimen hasil penggalian tano jala mambahen kualitas aek di sunge Batang Gadis lam moru. Kualitas aek na moru boi do manegai ngolu ni biota na adong di sunge i<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20241215095033/https://p2k.stekom.ac.id/ensiklopedia/Sungai_Batang_Gadis</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241215103743/https://ksdae.menlhk.go.id/berita/9388/batang-gadis-di-bumi-mandailing.html</ref> == Turi-turian == [[Ugasan:Gunung Kulabu Sumatera.jpg|alt=on ma dolok Kulabu|thumb|Dolok Kulabu Sumatera]] Torsa naparjolo mandok, batang aek on marmula sian [[Dolok Kulabu]] di luat adat Mandailing Julu, papunguhon aek sian Batang Pungkut dohot Aek Mais, mamolus sian Kotanopan, Tambangan, jala sahat tu Panyabungan, sada huta na ribur di luat adat Mandailing Godang. Batang Gadis marsuo dohot Batang Angkola di Kecamatan Siabu, mamolus harangan na golap sahat ma i ujungna tu pante pastina [[Sumatra|Sumatera]]. Sian pusuk-pusuk ni Bukit Barisan, Batang Gadis annon tarida mangulok-ulok jeges. Belok antar dolok-dolok, tigor mamolus rura harangan dohot dolok. Haulion ni rute i di umpamahon songon boru-boru na manortor, jadi binanga na umganjang di luat Mandailing on digoari ma Batang Gadis. Torsa na paduahon on, erat do pardomuanna tu sosio-turian ni angka jolma na mangingani topi ni lautna. Jolma do parsaoran ni halak Mandailing dohot sunge. Asing ni parmukiman na jotjot marbaris saluran sungai, hadirion ni sumber aek tu hangoluan do asalna. Alani parbalian do, halak Mandailing manghaporluhon batang aek gabe sumber irigasi tu sawah dohot budidaya. Songon pusat penyebaran ugamo [[Islam]], sunge ima mual aek tu pamurnian (thoharoh), jadi angka masjid jotjot do dipajongjong di jonok ni sunge on. Topi ni sunge on, ganup do dipakke halak gabe inganan laho mangulahon ulahon siganup ari, manucci dohot paiashon na umumna diulahon angka ina dohot borua. Alana sunge on mangalaosi bahat parjabuan mulai sian Mandailing Julu sahat tu Mandailing Godang, sahat tu huta-huta ni masyarakat Pesisir na di pasisir, aek on mansai tangkas do ditanda sude halak Mandailing. Ganup ari di ganup huta na dibolus aek godang on (aek/batang aek na balga) godang do angka anak boru manucci, mangalap aek, manang paiashon sipanganon laho lompaon. Sian i ma, mangihuthon versi ni turiturian on, tubu ma goar ni sunge on gabe Batang Gadis.<ref name=":0" /> Molo sian turi-turian, Sungai Batang Gadis pe gabe saksi do pardalanan na ganjang ni paradaban Mandailing. Sian najolo, sunge on gabe dalan transportasi na utama, na manghubunghon angka huta di pardalananna. Sasintongna, angka bogas ni penjajahan Bolanda pe boi do dapot di humaliang ni luat sungai on, na patuduhon peran strategisna di tingki na salpu. == Parlabaan tu Ekonomi dohot Sosial == Songon mual ni hangoluan, Sungai Batang Gadis marperan penting laho mendukung ekonomi ni masyarakat na humaliang. Godang do warga na margantung tu sunge on tu ragam ni haporluan, mulai sian irigasi tu balian sahat tu panjalaan di dengke. Sunge on pe gabe inganan paridian, panucian dohot inganan parmeaman ni angka dakdanak. Asing ni i, uli dohot uli ni sunge on pe balga do potensina laho dipaherbang gabe tujuan wisata. Marragam ulaon songon arung jeram, manjala dengke, manang holan menikmati haulion alam di topi ni sunge boi do gabe daya tarik ni wisatawan lokal dohot asing. Songon godang ni sunge na asing di [[Indonesia]], Sunge Batang Gadis pe ndang malua sian ondaman hasegaon. Penabaan hau ilegal, ulaon pertambangan emas dohot mambalokon sampah ima deba masalah utama na mengancam keberlanjutan ni ekosistem sunge on. Ondaman hasegaon on marpanghorhon do tu keberlanjutan dohot haulion ni sunge i. Mangihuthon penelitian taon 2019, pencemaran berupa pestisida do na dapot di aek ni sunge on. Di penelitian i, residu pestisida na dapot di aek, endapan tano dohot dengke sian kelompok organofosfat na dideteksi ima diazinon, malation dohot klorfirifos, molo sian kelompok organoklorin aldrin, dieldrin dohot endosulfan. Asing ni sisa ni pestisida, dapot do muse sisa ni pupuk, i ma fosfat, amonia, nitrat, nitrit dohot sulfida. Sisa pestisida di Sungai Batang Gadis holan dapot di titik-titik na dapot di balian di topi ni sunge i. Tingkat ni sisa pestisida dohot sisa pupuk na dapot ndang apala timbo dope. Konsentrasi sisa pestisida organofosfat na umbalga dapot di tano, dung i dekke jala parpudi aek, tagan ni sisa organoklorin na umbalga di dekke, aek dung i tano<ref>https://www.academia.edu/download/111677144/susilo_2C_6_Atifah_100-105.pdf_filename_UTF-8susilo_2C_6_Atifah_100-105.pdf</ref>. Pamarenta setempat rap dohot masyarakat dohot angka lembaga lingkungan na marragam nunga mambahen ragam usaha dohot ulaon laho mangaramoti sunge on. Sada langka na ringkot ima pagandahon kesadaran ni masyarakat taringot tu ringkot ni manjaga sunge asa tongtong ias jala berkelanjutan. Program penghijauan di sekitar DAS pe torus do disosohon laho manjaga keseimbangan ekosistem<ref>https://www.mandailingonline.com/?s=Batang+Gadis</ref> == Aliran ni Batang Aek (DAS) == * '''Sedimentasi''' Kondisi sedimentasi di sunge on godangan gabbo * '''Kondisi Geologis''' [[Ugasan:Batuan Sungai 2.jpg|thumb|Batuan Sunge]] DAS ni sunge on umumna tarbentuk tingon batuan vulkanik pusat Maninjau na so tarida imbar na, tarlobi marmula tingon lapisan batuan vulkanik dohot ndada patuduhon bogas pusat vulkanik. Di luat hilir, godangan do i tarbentuk sian batuan endapan dohot meta-endapan songon aluvium, na tardiri sian pasir, kerikil dohot gabbo. Asing ni i, adong do muse lapisan Paleozoikum dohot Mesozoikum na so marbeda na masuk tu kelompok Woyla jala on ro sian meta dolok api hornfel, batu sabak, dohot saotik batu kapur. Batuan vulkanik na asing ima pembentukan sorik pusat Merapi na marasal tingon lahar andesit dohot breksi vulkanik. Sude luat di Mandailing, termasuk DAS sungai on, dikategorihon gabe luat rawan bencana, di dia luat on adong di luat vulkanik na aktif jala bagian ni Zona Sesar Sumatera Raya manang na ditanda songon Batang Gadis-Batang Angkola-Batang Toru<ref>https://www.neliti.com/publications/491423/karakteristik-fisik-sub-daerah-aliran-sungai-batang-gadis-mandailing-natal-sumat</ref> * '''Hidologi''' DAS Batang Gadis ima sada kelompok DAS di pante pastina [[Sumatra|Sumatera]] na aliran utama DAS i mabaor tu pante pastina Sumatera sahat marmusu tu aek Samudera Pasifik. Asing sian i, tu habinsaran, bagian hulu ni DAS Batang Gadis di saganjang rungrung ni dolok Bukit Barisan marbatas tu kelompok DAS Pantai Purba Sumatera, i ma DAS Barumun Bila dohot DAS Rokan. Di sabola utara marbatas tu DAS Batang Toru. Di dangsina, parbalohan julu ima DAS Pasaman, DAS Batahan dohot DAS Natal. Dung i marbatas DAS Tabuyung tu barat dohot tu bariba. DAS Batang Toru, DAS Pasaman, DAS Batahan, DAS Natal dohot DAS Tabuyung pe masuk do tu kelompok DAS Pantai Barat Sumatera. Di pengelolaan DAS sunge, DAS Batang Gadis bongot do tu wilayah kerja BPDAS Asahan-Barumun na gabe unit pelaksana teknis di Direktorat Jenderal PDASHL di toru ni Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. Tagan na i, mardomu tu pengelolaan sumber daya ni aek, DAS Batang Gadis bagian sian unit cekungan sungai Batang Angkola - Batang Gadis rap dohot 4 DAS na asing di bagasanna<ref>https://sumutprov.go.id/artikel/artikel/bersama-bpdashl-asahan-barumun--wagub--musa-rajekshah-tanam-pohon-di-desa-simangulampe</ref>. == Potensi Pariwisata == * '''Ekowisata''' Konsep ekowisata boi do dipatupa tu Sungai Batang Gadis on, marhite na mengutamakan pelestarian alam. Boi do diundang angka tamu laho manjalahi hinauli ni sunge i marhite kapal tradisional, mangida angka suansuanan dohot angka dorbia di inganan i, manang marsiajar taringot ekosistem ni sunge i sian pemandu na marpangalaman. * '''Wisata Budaya''' Asing ni menikmati haulion ni alam, wisatawan pe boi do dipatandahon tu hamoraon ni budaya di Mandailing. Di topi ni batang aek i, boi do dipajongjong pusat budaya manang desa wisata na pamerhon tortor, musik Gordang Sambilan, songoni dohot indahan khas songon anyang dohot bulung ubi tumbuk. * '''Olahraga Aek''' Tu wisatawan na lomo rohana tu tantangan, Sungai Batang Gadis pe boi do gabe inganan ni ulaon olahraga aek songon arung jeram aek na bontar dohot kayak. Pigapiga bagian ni sunge i na hatop arus na mambahen gabe tamba pengalaman. * '''Fotografi Alam dohot Dokumentasi''' Haulion Sungai Batang Gadis na so tercemar cocok dibahen laho ulaon fotografi. Pemandangan na dramatis, kabut manogot di ginjang ni sunge i, dohot angka dorbia di humaliang ni luat on, gabe daya tarik khusus tu angka fotografer dohot pembuat film dokumenter. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Sunge]] [[Horong:Sunge di Sumatera Utara]] hn1kokw2a4y2yu15g793fazs5kj51fs 0 1594 18514 15505 2026-08-22T18:37:36Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18514 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Pini 2019-02-25 Landsat 8 T1 SR.jpg|thumb|Citra Satelit Pulo Pini]] '''Pulo Pini''' maringanan di Kepulauan Batu, na adong di Kabupaten Nias Selatan, [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Pulo on adong di bagian purba ni Nusantara. Ingananna di antara ni Pulo Tanahmasa dohot pantai pastina ni Pulo Sumatera, hira-hira 90 km tu anggoni ni Teluk dalam. Di taon 2018, adong 945 halak na maringanan di pulo on, jala nasida maringanan di lima huta na masuk tu Kecamatan Pulau-Pulau Batu Timur<ref>https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2019/09/26/a6f0e976d28a654d5b6908e4/kecamatan-pulau-pulau-batu-timur-dalam-angka-2019.html</ref>. == Ekosistem == Halak na tinggal di Pulo Pini marserak do jala tinggal di piga-piga huta na metmet. Godangan luat ni pulo on ima harangan na pojjot di dataran na teuk. Di Pulo Pini, boi do jumpang suansuanan keruing, meranti, marutua dohot Palmidae. Di topi ni pulo on adong do harangan bakau, jala adong do terumbu karang di aek na teuk di humaliangna. Godangan harangan di Pulo Pini ima harangan na produksi do. Bagian purba ni pulo on ima [[Porlak Buru Pulo Pini]], inganan ni babiat liar dohot kelinci<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190819030546/http://webgis.dephut.go.id:8080/kemenhut/images/peta-cetak/Penetapan_KH%20/PetaTAP_Sumatera.pdf</ref> == Geografi == Sada sian pulo na adong di Kepulauan Batu ima Pulo Pini. Pulo on pe bagian tingon Pulo-pulo ''Sunda Outer-Arc Ridge'', na mambentang tingon Laut Andaman i utara, lewat Pulo Simeulue, dohot Pulo Enggano i selatan. Alani subduksi Lempeng Indo-[[Australia]] maradopkon Lempeng Eurasia, godangan pulo-pulo di luat on ndada manaon vulkanisme. angka pulo on terbentuk songon bagian ni prisma akresi. Luat di luar Cekungan Busur Muka Sunda ima Punggung Busur Luar Sunda<ref>https://books.google.co.id/books?id=5uwrAQAACAAJ&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Pulo Pini lobi dao tu purba sian pulo-pulo na asing di Kepulauan Batu. Posisina sarupa do dohot posisi ni Pulo Banyak dibandinghon tu Pulo Simeulue. Pulo on juguk di sada rungrung na mambedaon dua bagian Cekungan Busur Muka Sunda: Cekungan Sibolga (Nias) di utara dohot Cekungan Bengkulu di selatan, nadua-duana maringanan di toru ni aek Selat Mentawai. Bentuk ni pulo on na marbentang sian pastina tu purba tarida marasing molo dibandinghon tu pulo-pulo na asing di Busur Sunda Luar na umumna membentang sian pastina laut tu tenggara mangihuthon ''strike'' subduksi Lempeng Indo-Australia. Hal on ianggap marhaitan dohot adongna Zona Rekahan Investigator (''Investigator Fracture Zone'', IFZ) di dangsina Kepulauan Batu marojahan tu pangukuran anomali gravitasi na relatif timbo di IFZ dohot di luat Pulo Pini. Asing ni i, mungkin IFZ do na martanggung jawab tu parubahan arah ''strike'' penunjaman Indo-Australia dohot orientasi Cekungan Busur Muka Sunda i utara Pulo Nias. Lokasi dohot posisi punggung ni Pulo Pini pe manghorhon do tu perkembangan dataran aluvial di luat-luat Sumatera di sabola purba ni pulo on songon di Batahan, Mandailing Natal dohot Sunge Beremas, Pasaman Barat sekitar Ujung Tuan dohot Ujung Biang. Luat Pulo Pini mariklim hutan hujan tropis dohot suhu rata-rata sataon sakitar 23 °C dohot udan sataon hira-hira 4.500 mm. Pulo Pini dibolus dohot piga-piga sunge na mabor saganjang taon alai dang boi dibolus kapal. Adong do pigapiga pulo na metmet, pasir dohot karang di aek na humaliang Pulo Pini. Pigapiga pulo dohot karang na lumayan godang adong di sabola selatan jala merambat tu aek na humaliang Pulo Tanahmasa. == Demografi dohot Pamarenta == Di taon 2018, adong 945 halak na tinggal di Pulo Pini, na tardiri sian lima huta: Labuan Bajau, Labuan Hiu, Labuan Rima, Labuan Rima Baru, dohot Lambak. Huta na umgodang pendudukna ima Labuan Hiu, na adong di pasisir selatan ni pulo on jala marlaba gabe pusat administrasi Kecamatan Pulau-Pulau Batu Timur. Pulo Pini ima bagian ni Kecamatan Pulau-Pulau Batu andorang so jongjong Kecamatan Pulau-Pulau Batu Timur<ref>https://niasselatankab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2015/04/28/ac762dd7d0f8790c5e909f77/kecamatan-pulau-pulau-batu-dalam-angka-2014.html</ref> Di Pulau Pini adong onom sikola, dohot lima SD (SD) di ganup huta kecuali Labuan Rima Baru, dohot sada SMP (SMP) di Labuan Hiu, na laos adong Puskesmas<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220709033039/https://komdat.kemkes.go.id/baru/index_rpt.php?folder=dashboard%2Freports&pg=rptPkmListPuskesmas&kode_kabupaten=1214</ref>. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pulo di Indonesia]] k7uykuhehsqehca5lrq9s75g5p0gm2v 0 1601 18520 17203 2026-08-22T18:42:41Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Area Patung Dewi Kwan im Pematangsiantar.jpg|thumb|434x434px|Area Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar]] '''Patung Dewi Kwan Im''' di [[Kota Pematangsiantar|Pematangsiantar]], [[Sumatera Utara]], i ma patung tartimbo di Asia Tenggara dohot timbona 22,8 meter dohot boratna hirahira 1.500 ton. Maringanan di komplek Avalokitesvara Vihara, patung on diresmihon tanggal 15 Nopember 2005 dung dibangun saleleng tolu taon jala diimpor sian China.<ref name=":0">Sindo News (18 Januari 2021).[https://daerah.sindonews.com/read/304350/29/patung-dewi-kwan-im-tertinggi-di-asia-tenggara-pesona-wisata-religi-di-pematangsiantar-1610874068 Patung Dewi Kwan Im Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara, Pesona Wisata Religi di Pematangsiantar]portal sindonews.com diakses pada 27 November 2024</ref><ref name=":1">Merdeka (2020).[https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/dibangun-selama-3-tahun-ini-5-fakta-menarik-patung-dewi-kwan-im-di-pematangsiantar.html Dibangun Selama 3 Tahun, Ini 5 Fakta Menarik Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar]portal merdeka.com diakses pada 27 November 2024</ref><ref>2o Detik (11 Januari 2023).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241203051130/https://20.detik.com/spot-wisata/20230104-230111024/patung-dewi-kwan-im-pematang-siantar-terbesar-dan-tertinggi-di-indonesia Patung Dewi Kwan Im Pematang Siantar, Terbesar dan Tertinggi di Indonesia]portal 20.detik.com diakses pada 27 November 2024</ref> Patung on ma gabe ikon wisata agama na manarik bahat partandang, mancerminkon toleransi agama i luat i. Patung on gabe ikon wisata agama na manarik bahat partandang, na pataridahon toleransi ugamo i luat i.<ref name=":2">Diskominfo Pematang Siantar (4 Februari 2024).[https://diskominfo.pematangsiantar.go.id/patung-dewi-kwan-im Patung Dewi Kwan Im]portal diskominfo.pematangsiantar.go.id diakses pada 27 November 2024</ref> Di taon 2008, patung on mandapot rekor MURI manjadi napaling timbil ginjang di Asia Tenggara.<ref name=":1" /> == Turiturian == Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematang siantar terinspirasi sian turiturian anak boru Miao Shan, na sorang di tingki Dinasti Zhou. Miao Shan na so olo marhasohotan, mamillit gabe biarawati jala marsitutu mangurupi hajolmaon. Di bagasan proses i, dapotna ma huaso laho paluahon jolma sian sitaonon. Turiturian on manggombarkon Kwan Im gabe bodhisattva na gok asi ni roha dot asi ni roha, mambaen ia gabe pangituai na mansai ihormati i ajaran Buddha.Patung on manggombarhon nilai-nilai holong dohot panghophopon na adong di sarita i.<ref name=":3">Liputan 6 (29 Januari 2011).[https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/318043/patung-dewi-kwan-im-tetap-memesona Patung Dewi Kwan Im Tetap Memesona]portal liputan6.com diakses pada 27 November 2024</ref> == Proses Pambahenan == Proses pambahenan Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar dimulai taon 2002 jala sidung di taon 2005. Patung on diimpor langsung sian China  jala timbo na 22,8 meter jala boratna hira-hira 1.500 ton. Hira-hira tolu taon do lelengna pajongjongkon patung on, jala dibahen angka tukang na marpangalaman do teknik pambahenan na manat jala rinci. Dung sae, patung on diresmihon tanggal 15 Nopember 2005 jala gabe ikon wisata agama di luat i.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">Pojok satu (9 Januari 2024).[https://www.pojoksatu.id/sumut/1083713144/tempat-wisata-religi-di-pematang-siantar-ada-patung-dewi-kwan-in-tertinggi-di-asia-tenggara Tempat Wisata Religi di Pematang Siantar, Ada Patung Dewi Kwan In Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara]portal pojoksatu.id diakses pada 27 November 2024</ref> == Ikon Pariwisata Agama == Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar gabe  ikon pariwisata agama alani piga-piga sidalian: * Timbo jala Megah (Balga) : Timbona 22,8 meter, patung on ma na tumimbo di Asia Tenggara, jala godang do halak na ro.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> * Lokasi na Strategis: Maringanan di Vihara Avalokitesvara, na gabe pusat ibadah ni halak Buddha, gabe inganan na libur laho martandang.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> * Tanda Toleransi Agama: Patung on patuduhon tingkat toleransi agama na timbo di Pematangsiantar, manarik partandang sian marmansam latar belakang.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> * Manarik Wisata: Dihaliangi porlak na uli dohot patung-patung na gelleng na asing, mambahen suasana na menarik tu wisatawan.<ref name=":5">Banyuwangi Viva (30 Oktober 2024).[https://banyuwangi.viva.co.id/wisata/9230-menelisik-vihara-avalokitesvara-jejak-sejarah-dan-pesona-spiritual-di-kota-pematang-siantar Menelisik Vihara Avalokitesvara: Jejak Sejarah dan Pesona Spiritual di Kota Pematang Siantar]portal viva.co.id diakses pada 27 November 2024</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Haunggulon == Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar adong piga-piga bongka na unik dibandinghon dohot patung-patung na asing di Asia Tenggara: * Timbo: 22,8 meter, patung on ma na tumimbo di Asia Tenggara, mamonsahon rekor MURI taon 2008.<ref>RCTI+ (20 Desember 2022).[https://web.archive.org/web/20241202000533/https://www.rctiplus.com/news/detail/nasional/3219871/3-fakta-patung-dewi-kwan-im-patung-tertinggi-di-asia-tenggara-yang-berada-di-pematang-siantar 3 Fakta Patung Dewi Kwan Im, Patung Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara yang Berada di Pematang Siantar]portal rctiplus.com diakses pada 27 November 2024</ref><ref name=":1" /> * Bahan dohot Asal: Patung on diimpor sian Cina jala dibahen sian batu granit, mambahen patung on unik sian segi kualitas dohot desain.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> * Humailang: Dihaliangi porlak na uli dohot opat patung panjaga, mambahen suasana na lam manarik tu angka partandang.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> * Partanda : Songon parmutmutan ni Dewi Kwan Im, patung on manggombarhon holong dohot parasinirohaon, mambahen i gabe pusat ibadah dohot pariwisata agama na ringkot.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Merdeka (2021).[https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/4-fakta-menarik-pematangsiantar-ada-patung-dewi-kwan-in-tertinggi-di-asia-tenggara.html 4 Fakta Menarik Pematangsiantar, Ada Patung Dewi Kwan In Tertinggi di Asia Tenggara]portal merdeka.com diakses pada 27 November 2024</ref> Patung Dewi Kwan Im di Pematangsiantar manghorhon abahan lokal dohot piga-piga cara: * Tanda Toleransi Agama: Patung on nunga gabe tanda toleransi antar agama, na manarik angka partandang sian marragam latar belakang laho manomba jala marsiajar taringot ajaran Buddha.<ref name=":2" /> * Pusok Partondion: Dipangke halak Chkna na maragama Budha do patung on gabe inganan mangalualu partondion, mangurupi nasida mangadopi parsoalan di ngolu.<ref name=":0" /> * Wisata Agama: Songon sipareakan wisata agama, patung on manarik wisatawan, manambai kesadaran dohot pangantusion taringot tu budaya Buddha di tongatonga ni masarakat na lumbang.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> * Parsiajaran dohot hasunggulon abahan: Godang do angka murid dohot tamu na ro laho marsiajar taringot turiturian dohot nilai-nilai na diajarhon Dewi Kwan Im, na pamorahon parbinotoan abahan lokal.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} 6kgozsl2tgvyillufafvfspp1bb4jw1 0 1612 18394 16807 2026-08-22T16:28:14Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18394 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Bird Diversity 2013.png|thumb|Ragam ni '''Pidong''']] '''Pidong''' manang '''manuk-manuk''' manang '''anduhur''' ima sada binatang na adong habong na dohot imbulu na, masuk ma on tu bagasan ni punguan binatang na martulang belakkang (vertebrata). == Ragam ni Pidong == Molo di ida do pidong na adong di portibi on, massam ragam ni pidong, mulai sian pidong na metmet songon pidong [[Kolibri]] manang pidong Gareja sahat tu pidong na balga songon pidong unta, manang pidong moa, hira hira adong ma mar 8.800 sahat tu 10.200 ragam ni pidong na adong di portibi on, alana holan di [[Indonesia]] pe adong do di ida mar 1.500 ragam ni pidong. on ma piga piga ragam ni pigong na adong di portibi on, ima: * [[Anis merah]] * [[Anis Kembang]] * [[Manuk]] * [[Angsa]] * [[Branjangan]] * [[Burung Cenderawasih|Cenderawasih]] * [[Cica daun|Cica-daun]] * [[Bentet|Cendet]] * [[Manuk Manuk Horbo]] * [[Burung Kakatua|Kakatua]] * [[Merak]] * [[Merpati]] * [[Perenjak jawa|Perenjak Jawa]] * [[Merbuk|Perkukut]] * [[Punai]] * [[Cucak Rawa]] * [[Decu]] * [[Dederuk Jawa]] * [[Elang alap jambul]] * [[Elang bondol]] * [[Itik]] * [[Kacer]] * [[Kenari]] * [[Kucica hutan]] * [[Kutilang]] * [[Merbah]] *[[Phasianidae]] * [[Pinguin]] *[[Rangkong]] * [[Sikatan]] * [[Soang]] * [[Tiktok]] * [[Walet]] {{end-col}} == Inganan ni pidong == Somal na angka pidong maringanan ma di tano / di darat, alai adong do muse piga piga pidong na holan maringadan di inganan na husus na holan di inganan i adong indahan na, songon pidong na holan maringanan di bagas harangan ala holan di harangan i do addong indahan siallangonna. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] 9lj1b8a6ui71y0v8smrvns6z5ypo897 0 1614 18381 17226 2026-08-22T16:15:37Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18381 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:KPU Vickner Sinaga.jpg|thumb|'''Vickner Sinaga''']] '''Vickner Sinaga''' tubu di Sidikalang, Kabupaten Dairi, Propinsi Sumatera Utara, di na tanggal 8 Desember taon 1957, jala tumangkas ma di tanda angka halak imana, ima nampuna Hotel Beristra na adong di Jl. Sidikalang - Medan, huta Sitinjo, Kabupaten Dairi. == Sikola na == On ma barita taringot tu inganan ni marsikkola ni Vickner Sinaga, ima: * SD HKBP Sidikalang * SMP Negeri 1 Sidikalang * SMA Negeri 1 Sidikalang * Fakultas Teknik USU Medan * S2 Universitas Prasetya Mulya Jakarta == Keluarga na == '''Natua-tua Na''' * Natua-tua Bawa Na : Walter Sinaga (Toke Tembakau) * Natua-tua Boru Na : Marsaulina Simbolon & D br Sinambela * Parni Jabu na : Lintong Rita Puspita Situmorang * Simatua Boru na : Maria Magdalena Harahap '''Anakkon Na''' # Ruth Aurelia Sinaga S. Gz / AKBP Budi Johanes Harahap # Christine Fransiska ST. / Joseph Domitri Sidabutar B Sc. # Rahel Gracia S.Psi / Erikson Siregar SH. # Ribka Regina Rosintha ST. / David Tamba ST. # Alfredo Waldemar B Sc. == Parsidohot gabe Calon Bupati Dairi Taon 2024 == Dohot do ibana rappon dongan na ima na gabe calon wakil bupati dairi di taon 2024 na margoar '''[[Wahyu Daniel Sagala]]''' na maju nasida diboan ni piga piga partai, sada ma i Parta Golongan Karya.<ref>'''TigaSisiNews.id''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20250211114348/https://tigasisinews.id/mengenal-sosok-vickner-sinaga-pemilik-hotel-beristera-calon-bupati-dairi/ Megenal Sosok Vickner Sinaga Pemilik Hotel Beristera Calon Bupati Dairi] (Diida: 30 November 2024 - 08.21 Wib)</ref> == Daptar Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} nvf8lsv7tcd15k6ixpy8f3yiaawpvru 0 1626 18521 16148 2026-08-22T18:42:59Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Rura Orkhon|ᯒᯮᯒᯀᯬᯒ᯲ᯂᯬᯉ᯲}} [[File:Orchon-mongolei.JPG|thumb|300px|Pataridaon ni Rura Orkhon]] '''Rura Orkhon''' maringanan di topi ni [[Sunge Orkhon]] di tonga ni [[Mongolia]], hira-hira 360 km di hasundutan ni [[Ulaanbaatar]], huta sabungan ni Mongolia. Rura Orkhon i ma sala sada ''Situs Warisan Dunia'' [[UNESCO]]. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Rura]] m2b7zg7togu7776fatrhlja478js1fj 0 1627 18161 16088 2026-08-22T13:30:43Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Mongolia.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Mongolia]] [[Ugasan:State emblem of Mongolia.svg|thumb|Partanda ni Mongolia]] '''Mongolia''' i ma sada negara kesatuan dohot negara sistem semi-presidensial na jongjong songon sada negara republik konstitusional di [[Asia|Banua Asia]]. Negara Mongolia on pe i ma songon sada negara na tarhurung jala dihapit dua negara na gabe hombar jabuna. Ia negara-negara hombar jabu na marbalohan dohot negara on i ma [[Rusia]] di bariba utara dohot [[Sina|Tiongkok]] di bariba dangsina. Huta sabungan ni Mongolia maringanan di [[Ulan Bator]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}}{{Authority control}} 2luvbscndbelgb1dwxk5bljjuqf00uj 0 1629 18149 13316 2026-08-22T13:29:42Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18149 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Black hole - Messier 87.jpg|thumb|Sada gombar ni lubang birong sipabalga di galaksi [[Messier 87]]<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/science/black-hole-picture.html?comments#permid=31473598</ref>]] '''Lubang birong sipabalga''' ([[Surat Batak]]: ᯞᯮᯅᯰᯅᯪᯒᯬᯰᯘᯪᯇᯅᯞ᯲ᯎ; [[hata Inggeris]]: ''suppermassive black hole'') i ma sada ragam ni [[lubang birong]] na gumodang bontonna ('''<var>M</var>_☉''') ditudoshon dohot bonton ni [[mataniari]]. Di hagodangan manang agia di saluhut [[galaksi]] disurasura adong lubang birong sipabalga di tongana i. Di [[Bima Sakti]] on, dibotohon adong do lubang birong sipabalga na margoar Sagittarius A*<ref>Ghez, A.; Klein, B.; Morris, M.; Becklin, E (1998). "High Proper-Motion Stars in the Vicinity of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy". ''The Astrophysical Journal'' '''509''' (2): 678–686.</ref> == Pustaha == <references /> {{Astronomi-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Astronomi]] 73l0575amax8ix9nbry6eg1i5taonop 0 1665 18468 16861 2026-08-22T16:59:37Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wikify}} '''Denpasar''' i ma huta sabungan, pusok pamarentaon dohot parekonomian ni [[Bali|Propinsi Bali]], [[Indonesia]] . Denpasar ima kota na gumodang i [[Hapuloan Nusa Tenggara]] jala kota na gumodang paduahon di [[Luat Indonesia Habinsaran]] sidung [[Kota Makassar]]. Pertumbuhan industri pariwisata i Pulo Bali madung mandorong kota Denpasar manjadi pusat kagiatan bisnis, dot manempatkon kota on manjadi luak na marpandapatan per kapita dot partumbuhan na ginjang i provinsi Bali . Diparade pamarenta ma tolu kota, ima [[Medan]], Denpasar dohot Makassar gabe kota metropolitan na imbaru. Perencanaan tata luang ni tolu kota i dipamasuk tu Perencanaan Tata Ruang Daerah Nasional (Perpres 45/2011). == Etimologi == Goar Denpasar marharoroan sian hata ''“den”'' (utara) dohot ''“pasar”'' asa lapatanna secara keseluruhan ima “Utara ni Pasar”. Asal ni hata on manunjukkon asal-usul ni kota on manjadi kota parjagalan, i inganan sannari Pasar Kumbasari (najolo "Peken Payuk"), i bagian utara kota modern. == Turi turian == [[Ugasan:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Luchtfoto_van_Denpasar_TMnr_10029767.jpg|left|thumb|220x220px| Denpasar, tarida di Jalan Gajah Mada dohot Pasar Badung (1949)]] === Jaman Penjajahan Bolanda . === Denpasar on mulana taman do. Taman on inda songon taman-taman umumna, harana ima taman favorit ni Raja Badung hatiha i, [[Ki Jambe Ksatrya]] . Di tingki i, maringanan ma Ki Jambe Ksatrya di Puri Jambe Ksatrya, i ma Pasar Satria saonari. Unik do taman on, ala dilengkapi dohot inganan marmeam ayam ( ''tajen'' ). Hobi ni Ki Jambe Ksatrya marmeam manuk, ala ni i ndang jarang raja i mangontang angka raja na asing di Bali marmeam manuk di taman. Najolo, luak on ima bagian tingon Karajaan Badung, sada Karajaan Majapahit Hindu na adong tingon abad pa-18 sampe pa-19, dompak so karajaan on italukon [[Bolanda]] tanggal 20 September 1906, i sada peristiwa herois na tarbonggal manjadi Porang Puputan Badung . === Era Kemerdekaan Indonesia . === Dung merdeka Indonesia, marojahan tu UU Nomor 69 taon 1958, Denpasar gabe huta sabungan ni pamarenta daerah Kabupaten Badung, dungi marojahan tu Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor Des.52/2/36-136 tanggal 23 Juni 1960, Denpasar ima 1960. laos ditontuhon gabe huta sabungan tu Propinsi Bali na mulana maringanan di Singaraja . Dungi marojahan tu Peraturan Pamarenta Nomor 20 taon 1978, resmi ma Denpasar gabe <nowiki>''Kota Administrasi Denpasar'', jala sadalan tu kemampuan dohot potensi ni luatna di na mandalanhon otonomi daerah, di tanggal 15 Januari 1992, marojahan tu UU Nomor 1 sian 19., jala Kota Denpasar statusna dipanaek gabe ''kotamadya''</nowiki>, na dung i diresmihon Menteri Dalam Negeri tanggal 27 Pebruari 1992. == Geografi == Kota Denpasar adong di ketinggian 0-75 meter sian parmukaan laut, maringanan di posisi 8°35’31” sahat tu 8°44’49” Lintang Selatan dohot 115°00’23” sahat tu 115°16’27. ” Bujur Timur. Sementara i, luas ni Kota Denpasar ima 127,78 .&nbsp;km2 manang 2,18% sian luas ni Propinsi Bali . Sian pangkeon ni tano i, 2.768 Ha i ma tano padi, 10.001 Ha i ma tano na mahiang jala sisa 9 Ha i ma tano na asing. Rata-rata tingkat udan ima 244 .&nbsp;mm per bulan, dohot udan na lumayan timbo na masa di bulan Desember. Sementara i, suhu udara rata-rata sekitar 29,8.&nbsp;°C dohot rata-rata na umtoru sekitar 24,3.&nbsp;°C. Sungai Badung ima salah sada sungai na mambagi Kota Denpasar, sungai on marmuara tu Teluk Benoa. == Pamarenta == === Walikota === [[Ugasan:Official_Building_Denpasar.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Kantor Walikota Denpasar]] Walikota Denpasar ima pemimpin tertinggi dibagasan pemerintahan Kota Denpasar. Walikota Denpasar bertanggungjawab tu gubernur provinsi Bali . Saonari, walikota manang kepala daerah na manjabat di Kota Denpasar ima I Gusti Ngurah Jaya Negara, dohot wakil walikota Kadek Agus Arya Wibawa . Mulai ma nasida gabe walikota dohot wakil walikota tanggal 26 Pebruari 2021. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" !Daong ! colspan="3" | Walikota ! Mangalap jabatan . ! Ujung ni periode ! Ket. ! Wakil Walikota |- | 5 |[[Ugasan:Denpasar_Vice_Mayor,_I_Gusti_Ngurah_Jaya_Negara.jpg|center|frameless|127x127px]] | bgcolor="#cd0000" | | IGN Jaya Negara | Pebruari 2021 | ''pejabat'' | | Kadek agus arya wibawa |} === DPR RI . === Tarsongon on ma komposisi anggota [[DPRD]] Kota Denpasar di lima periode na parpudi on. Partai Politik Jumlah Kursi di Periode 1 . 2014-2019 [1] 2019-2024 [2] 2024-2029 [3]   Gerindra 5 4 9   PDI-P 18 22 22   Golkar 8 8 7 .   NasDem (baru) 1 3 1 .   Gelora (baru) 1 .   PKS 3 0 0 .   Hanura 4 2 0 .   Demokrat 6 4 2   PSI (baru) 2 3 . Jumlah Ruas 45 45 45 . Angka Pihak 7 7 7 . === Kecamatan . === Secara administratif, pamarentahan kota on tardiri tingon 4 kecamatan, 16 kecamatan dohot 209 dusun . Saonari on, pamarenta Kota Denpasar nunga mambahen marragam inovasi laho paturehon pelayanan tu masyarakat, tarmasuk mamungka paturehon sistem administrasi pendudukna. {{:Daftar kecamatan dan kelurahan di Kota Denpasar}} Kota Denpasar terdiri sian 4 kecamatan, 16 kecamatan dohot 27 desa. I taon 2024, jumlah pendudukna manjadi 670.210 alak dohot luas 125,9 km² dot parsebaran alak 5.323,35 alak/km². Daftar ni angka kecamatan dohot kecamatan na adong di Kota Denpasar songon on ma: Kode Kementerian Dalam Negeri No Kab Kab Total Kec. Huta 51.71.03 Denpasar Barat 3 8 . 51.71.01 Denpasar Selatan 6 4 . 51.71.02 Denpasar Timur 4 7 . 51.71.04 Denpasar Utara 3 8 . JUMLAH 16 27 halak == Demografi == === Parhundul === Laju pertumbuhan penduduk Kota Denpasar per tahun periode 2000-2010 ima 4 . %, dohot rasio 4,57 lobi baoa % dibandinghon godang ni warga borua. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:70%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;" ! height="17" style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" |Taon ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | taon 1990 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2000 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2003 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2010 ! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2024 |- align="center" ! height="17" style="background: #FFEBCD; color: #000080" | Jumlah penduduk | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 320.597 halak | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 532.440 halak | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 585.150 halak | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 788.589 halak | style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 670,210 |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" | <small>Sejarah penduduk Kota Denpasar .<br /><br /><br /><br /></small><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>'''Sumber:''' </small> |} Mardomu dohot manjadi kota wisata, Denpasar juo idukung dohot piga-piga luat songon Kuta dot Ubud . Jotjot do luat on digoari '''SarBaGiTa''' manang '''DenpaSar''', Badung, Gianyar dohot Tabanan marojahan tu Peraturan Presiden no. 45 taon 2011 . Songon on ma angka penduduk ni pigapiga luat on: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;" !Bagian Administrasi ! Luas (km²) ! Kepadatan (/km2) ! Penduduk (Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2024) |- | align="left" | Denpasar | 125,90 | 5.323,35 | 670,210 |- | align="left" | Badung | 398,70 | 1.335,59 | 532.500 halak |- | align="left" | Gianyar | 364,40 | 1.393,37 | 507.746 halak |- | align="left" | '''Sarbagi''' | '''889,00''' | '''8.052,31 .''' | '''1.710.456 halak''' |- | align="left" | Tabanan | 849,30 | 561,01 | 476.742 halak |- | align="left" | '''Sarbagita''' | '''1.738,30 .''' | '''8.613,32 halak.''' | '''2.187.198 halak''' |} === Marga-marga . === [[Ugasan:Baris_Dancer.jpg|thumb|220x220px| Tortor Baris, tortor perang Bali di Denpasar.]] [[Ugasan:Temple_in_Denpasar.jpg|thumb|220x220px| Pura Melanting Pasar Kumbasari di Kota Denpasar]] * Provinsi Bali ima inganan ni etnis Bali dohot Bali Aga, songon i nang kota on. Songon huta sabungan ni Provinsi Bali, kota Denpasar diingani panduduk na marharoroan sian marragam suku jala lobi hete. Mardasarkon data tingon Badan Statistik Pusat i Sensus Penduduk Indonesia 2010, sabanyak 516.708 alak sanga 65,52% tingon 788.589 penduduk kota Denpasar ima alak Bali . Panduduk Denpasar marharoroan sian suku na asing, godang do suku Jawa, jala adong do suku Tionghoa, Sasak, Madura, Sunda, Flores, Melayu, Bugis, [[Halak Batak|Batak]], dohot piga-piga suku na asing. <ref name="SUKU" group="reference group=&quot;https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/&quot;</ref&gt;">'''<references group="'''https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/'''" />'''</ref> Berikut ini jumlah penduduk kota Denpasar berdasarkan etnis tahun 2010 : {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Daong ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" | Suku . ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" | Lonsam<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> ( 2010 ) ! style="background:#E0F0FF;" | % |- | 1 | Bali ! style="text-align: right;" | 516.708 halak ! style="text-align: right;" | 65,52% |- | 2 | Jawa | style="text-align: right;" | 203.325 halak | style="text-align: right;" | 25,78% |- | 3 | Hata Cina | style="text-align: right;" | 8.900 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,13% |- | 4 | Sasak | style="text-align: right;" | 8.300 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,05% |- | 5 | Halak Madura | style="text-align: right;" | 6.186 halak | style="text-align: right;" | 0,78% |- | 6 | Hata Sunda | style="text-align: right;" | 5.547 halak | style="text-align: right;" | 0,70% |- | 7 | Bunga | style="text-align: right;" | 4.187 halak | style="text-align: right;" | 0,53% |- | 8 | Hata Bugi | style="text-align: right;" | 1.605 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,20% |- | 9 | Melayu | style="text-align: right;" | 1.275 | style="text-align: right;" | 0,16% |- | 10 | Marga na asing . | style="text-align: right;" | 32.552 halak | style="text-align: right;" | 4,13% |- ! ! Kota Denpasar ! style="text-align: right;" | 788.589 halak ! style="text-align: right;" | 100% |- |} === Ugamo === [[Ugasan:Al-Furqon_mosque_Denpasar.jpg|thumb| Masjid Al-Furqon di Denpasar Barat]] [[Ugasan:DenpasarSt.JosephChurch.JPG|thumb| Gereja Katolik Santo Yosef Denpasar Timur .]] [[Ugasan:Pose_Selfie_Ogoh-Ogoh.jpg|thumb| Perayaan Ogoh-Ogoh 1 hari sebelum Nyepi di Patung Catur Muka]] Agama na diulahon pangisi ni kota Denpasar mansai marragam, jala godangan do i [[Hindu]] . Halak Bali umumna ima alak Hindu Bali, dohot piga-piga [[Islam|halak Islam]] dohot [[Kristen]] . Samantaro i, panduduk suku Jawa, Melayu, Bugis, Sunda dot Sasak umumna [[Islam|marugamo Islam]] . Adong do halak Flores, [[halak Batak]] jala adong do halak Cina na [[Kristen]] . {| class="wikitable" |+Pengikut Agama dohot Tempat Ibadah di Kota Denpasar 2024 ! Ugamo ! Angka Tondi . ! % ! Angka Inganan Parsombaon |- | [[Hindu]] | 452,207 | 67,5% | 941 Bagas Joro . |- | [[Islam]] | 150.527 halak | 22,5% | 29 Masjid & 116 Ruang Doa |- | [[Kristen]] Protestan | 35.353 halak | 5,3% | 183 Huria . |- | Katolik . | 16.147 halak | 2,4% | 5 Huria . |- | Buddha | 15.605 halak | 2,3% | 17 Vihara |- | Konfusianisme | 329 | 0,04% | 7 JUDUL . |- | Haporseaon na asing . | 42 | 0,06% | - |- | Lonsam | 670,210 | 100% | |} == Ekonomi == [[Ugasan:Dempasar_200507-3.jpg|left|thumb|220x220px| Pasar Badung, Denpasar.]] Pembangunan pariwisata puna pengaruh na kuat tu parubahan struktur dohot peningkatan ekonomi di Kota Denpasar. Tai, struktur ekonomi Kota Denpasar marbeda saotik muda ibandingkon dohot struktur ekonomi Provinsi Bali sacara umum, dohot sektor perdagangan, hotel dot restoran na mandominasi pembentukan [[Produk Domestik Regional Bruto|Produk Domestik Daerah Bruto]] (PDB) Kota Denpasar. Laos na berkontribusi laho pahehehon ekonomi Kota Denpasar ima produksi barang kerajinan berupa barang kerajinan bahen oleh-oleh, isarana ukiran dohot patung. Alai, industri kerajinan on saonari mangalami tekanan, asing sian dampak ni krisis dohot persaingan antar wilayah, tekanan na asing ro sian persaingan antar negara-negara Asia na berkembang na asing songon [[Pietnam|Vietnam]], [[Thailand]], [[India]], [[Malaisia|Malaysia]] dohot [[Sina|Cina]] . Negara bersaing on memaksimalkan skala produksi dengan memanfaatkan teknologi industri, sedangkan di Kota Denpasar industri kerajinan tetap mempertahankan keterampilan ''buatan tangan'', na gabe hambatan memenuhi kuantitas produksi. == Hatorhison == Kota Denpasar nunga adong fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan na denggan di Provinsi Bali, adong 3 rumah sakit pamarenta tarmasuk RS Sanglah Denpasar, RS Wangaya dohot RS Udayana songoni nang 13 RS Swasta. Pemerintah Kota Denpasar juo madung mambangun 10 puskesmas dot 26 puskesmas pendukung, dohot rasio puskesmas per 100.000 penduduk 1,7. == Parsiajaran == [[Ugasan:Gedung_HB_(26081941443).jpg|right|thumb|220x220px| Sada sian bangunan di Universitas Udayana .]] [[Ugasan:SMP_Negeri_7_Denpasar,_Bali.jpg|right|thumb|293x293px| Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 7 Denpasar]] Godang do perguruan tinggi negeri dohot swasta di provinsi Bali maringanan di kota Denpasar. Sementara tu SD dohot setara SMA dohot setara, sahat tu taon ajaran 2021/2022, godang ni parsingkolaan di Denpasar ima 399 parsingkolaan . Piga-piga perguruan tinggi di Denpasar ima:{{col|3}} * [[Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asing Hita Widya]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Desain Bali]] * [[Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komputer Indonesia]] * [[STMIK Bandung Bali]] * Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Denpasar * [[Universitas Udayana]] * [[Universitas Mahasaraswati]] * [[Universitas Warmadewa]] * Universitas Terbuka Denpasar <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ut.ac.id/ |title=Universitas Terbuka}}</ref> * [[Universitas Dwijendra]] * [[Universitas Hindu Indonesia]] * Universitas Ngurah Rai * [[Universitas Pendidikan Nasional]] * [[Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa Denpasar]] * Universitas Mahendradatta * [[Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar]] * IKIP PGRI Bali * [[Politeknik Negeri Bali]] * Politeknik Nasional Denpasar * [[Politeknik Kesehatan Denpasar]] * Akademi Akuntansi Denpasar * Akademi Keuangan dan Perbankan Denpasar * Akademi Pariwisata Denpasar {{Div col end}}Hita Widya Perguruan Tinggi Bahasa Asing . {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90% ;width:70% ;border:0px ;text-align:center ;line-height:120%;" !pendidikan formal ! SD umum dohot swasta manang MI . ! SMP negeri dohot swasta manang MTs . ! SMA negeri dohot swasta manang MA . ! SMK negeri dohot swasta . ! Kampus |- align="center" ! Jumlah unit . | 235 | 70 | 35 | 34 | 25 |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;" | <small>Data Sekolah di Kota Denpasar tahun 2021<br /><br /><br /><br /></small><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>'''Sumber:''' </small> |} == Layanan Umum . == === Aek na ias . === Laho melayani kebutuhan aek ias ni rakyat Kota Denpasar, dihobasi PDAM Kota Denpasar do i, jala sahat tu taon 2003 nunga boi melayani 64,82 % sian penduduk. Sumber aek mentah ni PDAM Kota Denpasar ima aek permukaan dohot sumur bagas na diolah mamakke Pabrik Pengolahan Air Lengkap (IPAL). Samantaro i, sistem drainase mamakke sistem gravitasi dohot pemompaan. === Mambual === Di na mangadopi masalah sampah, pamarenta Kota Denpasar memanfaatkan tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA) sampah di Desa Sanur Kauh, Kecamatan Denpasar Selatan na bidangna 40 Ha. Sian data taon 2002, godang ni sampah na dihasilhon di Kota Denpasar ima 127.750 m3, godangan sian i sampah rumah tangga na sahat tu 71,14 m3. % . Alai, volume sampah naung ditangani holan 1.904 m3 do, jadi godang ni sampah na so ditangani 125.846 m3 manang 98,5. % . Laho mangatasi i, dilaksanahon pamarenta kota dohot masyarakat do sistem pengelolaan diri laho mangatasi masalah penumpukan sampah di TPA. == Alunan == [[Ugasan:Mandara_Toll_Road,_Kabupaten_Badung,_Bali,_Indonesia_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|220x220px| Jalan Tol Mandara]] Pelabuhan Benoa ima dalan masuk tu Kota Denpasar marhite laut jala saonari dikelola PT Pelabuhan Indonesia. Pelabuhan on maringanan sekitar 10 .&nbsp;km sian pusat kota, jala nunga maroperasi sian taon 1924. Sarana angkutan darat i Kota Denpasar tarlobi tu angkutan kota, saonnari madung mulai inda efektif dot inda efisien, sampe taon 2010 hum 30 % na maroperasi dope, sadalan tu kepentingan masyarakat na lam moru mamangke jasa transportasi on, na diperkirahon holan sekitar 3 % do. % sian sude penduduk. Sementara i, pertumbuhan kepemilikan kendaraan pribadi torus meningkat tu 11 . % sataon, jala ndang tarpatudos tu pembangunan dalan na imbaru. Asa unang tarpasiding macet di Kota Denpasar. Di tanggal 18 Agustus 2011 diluncurhon ma Trans Sarbagita songon tanggapan tu kemacetan na masa di Kota Denpasar. Sian bulan Februari 2022, Trans Sarbagita nunga dioperasihon PPD Perum dohot 2 koridor, i ma : * Koridor 1 Kota– GWK . * Koridor 2 Kota– Nusa Dua Saonari Kota Denpasar adong sada angkutan massal na baru na margoar Trans Metro Dewata na diluncurhon tanggal 7 September 2020. Trans Metro Dewata adong 105 unit dohot jalur pelayanan di 4 koridor, ima: * Koridor 1 (K1B): Pusat Parkir Kuta Badung – Terminal Persiapan Tabanan * Koridor 2 (K2B): GOR Ngurah Rai– Bandara Ngurah Rai * Koridor 3 (K3B): Terminal Ubung – Pantai Matahari Terbit * Koridor 4 (K4B): Terminal Ubung – Pusat Parkir Hutan Monyet * Koridor 5 (K5B): Pusat Parkir Kuta Badung – Terminal Ubung Asing ni i, Denpasar adong Jalan Tol Bali Mandara na adong 4 jalur jala dibuka tu kelompok tertentu di tanggal 23 September 2013 . Jalan tol on dungi dibuka tu umum di tanggal 1 Oktober 2013, manghubunghon Pelabuhan Benoa, Bandara Ngurah Rai dohot Nusa Dua . Mardalan ma ho 12.45 .&nbsp;Km on pe dibahen do jalur khusus tu motor . == Olahraga, Seni dohot Budaya == [[Ugasan:Bali_Museum_inside_courtyards_and_gates.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Museum Bali]] [[Ugasan:Peserta_Baleganjur.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| Peserta Festival Baleganjur 2019 di Denpasar]] Klub bola utama Perseden Denpasar ima sada klub bola na manjadi kebanggaan alak Kota Denpasar, dot mamake Stadion Ngurah Rai manjadi markas dot inganan partandingan bagasna. Samantaro i, seni dot budaya i kota Denpasar umumna identik dohot seni dot budaya Bali pada umumna, bope i son madung adong interaksi dohot kabudayaan na lain rap dohot haroro ni turis tingon marragam kalangan. Alai, nilai-nilai tradisional na disonggopi ritual agama Hindu tong do gogo mewarnai kota on. Peran ni adat Bali tong do marurat di halak Kota Denpasar Adat Bali na dimaksud i ma na mencakup nilai-nilai, norma-norma dohot pangalaho di masyarakat umumna di sistem keluarga patrilineal . Alai lam leleng, deba sian angka uhum adat na adong i mulai ma diparsoalhon masyarakat, tarlumobi di parsoalan taringot tu gender dohot warisan. == Wisatawan == [[Ugasan:Trans_Studio_Bali.jpg|left|thumb|293x293px| Suasana di Trans Studio Bali, pusat perbelanjaan baru beroperasi tahun 2019 di Denpasar]] Perkembangan pariwisata dohot daya tarik ni pulau Bali secara tidak langsung mendorong kemajuan pembangunan di kota Denpasar. I taon 2000, jumlah turis asing na ro markunjungan mancapai 1.413.513 alak, dot turis na paling bahat ro tingon [[Japang|Jepang ,]] mangihutkon [[Australia]], Taiwan, [[Eropa]], [[Inggeris|Inggris]], [[Amerika Serikat|Amerika]], [[Singapura]] dot [[Malaisia|Malaysia]] . Kebijakan pembangunan pariwisata di Kota Denpasar fokus tu wisata budaya na ramah lingkungan. Songon pusat pembangunan pariwisata, Kota Denpasar gabe barometer tu kemajuan pariwisata di Bali, on boi idaon sian muncul ni berbagai hotel bintang sebagai sarana mendukung kegiatan pariwisata. Pantai Sanur ima salah satu daerah wisata pantai na ribur dohot pengunjung. Samantaro i, Lapangan Puputan ima luat ruang terbuka hijau i Kota Denpasar dot juo marfungsi manjadi "paru-paru kota". === Tujuan wisata === Denpasar puna piga-piga tempat wisata na puna unsur sejarah dot rekreasi, antara lain: * Museum Bali – inganan on mulana inganan parmianan ni keluarga kerajaan . * [[Lapangan Renon|Alun-alun Renon]] – pusat kegiatan keluarga dot adong juo Tugu Bajra Sandhi, ima sada tugu parjuangan ni alak Bali . * [[Taman Puputan]] – inganan seni pertunjukan . * [[Pasar Kreneng|Pasar Kreneng .]] * [[Simpang Dewa Ruci]] manang Simpang Siur – adong Simpang Siur Mall manang Discovery Mall . * [[Puri Santrian|Puri santrian]] * Pantai Sanur * Ekowisata hutan bakau atau hutan bakau . * [[Taman Budaya|Taman Budaya .]] * Desa Budaya Kertalangu * Pasar Burung Satria . * [[Pantai Sindu|Pantai Sindu .]] * [[Pura Agung Jagatnatha|Kuil Agung Jagatnatha .]] * Kuil Sakenan . === Tur kuliner . === Denpasar pe tarbarita do tu wisata kulinerna. Pigapiga inganan na tangkas ditanda angka wisatawan lokal dohot asing ima: * Nasi Ayam Kedewatan–Jalan Tukad Badung, Denpasar * Nasi Ikan Mak Beng – jonok [[Hotel Radisson|tu Hotel Radisson]] * Nasi Campur–Pantai Segara, Sanur * Chandra’s babi guling – jalan teuku umar (non-halal) * Warung Wardana – Jalan Merdeka, Denpasar * Bebek Goreng HT – Jalan Merdeka, Denpasar * Sate Plecing–Jalan Yudhistira, Denpasar (non-halal) * Depot Kepiting Super – Jalan Bypass Ngurah Rai . * Resto Bali Nikmat – Jalan Raya Kuta dekat Alfa * Warung Batan Waru–samping [[Discovery Mall|Mall Discovery]] * [[Warung Made]] – Kuta . * Ikan Bakar – Jimbaran . * Lapo Nyoman–Jimbaran * Menega Cafe–Opat Musim Jimbaran . * Jebak (Bali Culinary Trail) – Jalan Teuku Umar, Denpasar Piga-piga oleh-oleh Bali na tarbonggal ima dodol Bali, brem, kacang rahayu, pai susu, kacang disko, salak Bali, kacang salju, kerupuk kaki ayam, pia legong dohot kopi Bali . Pigapiga inganan na khusus na manggadis oleh-oleh, i ma: * Toko Kresna * Toko Erlangga 1 dan Toko Erlangga 2 * Pasar Kumbasari . == Konsulat jenderal == {{col|3}} # {{flagcountry|Amerika Serikat}} # {{flagcountry|Australia}} # {{flagcountry|Belanda}} # {{flagcountry|Brazil}} # {{flagcountry|Britania Raya}} # {{flagcountry|Ceko}} # {{flagcountry|Chili}} # {{flagcountry|Denmark}} # {{flagcountry|Finlandia}} # {{flagcountry|Hungaria}} # {{flagcountry|Italia}} # {{flagcountry|Jepang}} # {{flagcountry|Jerman}} # {{flagcountry|Korea Selatan}} # {{flagcountry|Malaysia}} # {{flagcountry|Meksiko}} # {{flagcountry|Norwegia}} # {{flagcountry|Prancis}} # {{flagcountry|Republik Rakyat Tiongkok}} # {{flagcountry|Slovakia}} # {{flagcountry|Spanyol}} # {{flagcountry|Swedia}} # {{flagcountry|Swiss}} # {{flagcountry|Thailand}} # {{flagcountry|Timor Leste}} {{Div col end}}Amerika Serikat Australia Bolanda Brasil Inggris Raya Ceko Chili Denmark Finlandia Hongaria Italia Jepang Jerman Korea Selatan Mp3 . Meksiko Norwegia Perancis Cina Slowakia Halak spanyol Swedia Swiss Tailandia Timur Timur == Kota Kembar == * - [[Veracruz, Veracruz]], [[Meksiko]] * [[Kota Manado|Manado]], [[Sulawesi Utara]] * - [[Gran Canaria]], [[Spanyol]] * - [[Miami, Florida]], [[Amerika Serikat]] * [[Phuket]], [[Provinsi Phuket]], [[Thailand]] * [[Haikou]], [[Provinsi Hainan]], [[Sina|Republik Rakyat China]] == Bona == Diarsiphon 12-11-2020 di Mesin Wayback. KER Provinsi Bali Triwulan Keempat 2009 Diarsiphon 01-03-2011 di Mesin Wayback. (didapot tanggal 6 April 2011) <nowiki>http://metro.vivanews.com/news/read/201289-medan--makassar--denpasar-jadi-metropolitan</nowiki> "Salinan arsip" (PDF). Diarsiphon sian aslina (PDF) tanggal 10-18-2011. Dibuat sian 22.06.2011. "Gambaran Kota Denpasar dohot Pelestarian Bahasa Bali" (PDF). Diarsiphon sian aslina (PDF) tanggal 20 Mei 2013. Dibuat tanggal 25 Januari 2013. "Salinan arsip". Diarsiphon sian aslina tanggal 28-11-2020. Dibuat 20 Juli 2018. "Sejarah Kota Denpasar". Diarsiphon sian aslina di 07.01.2019. Dibuat di tanggal 25 Januari 2013. Sutaba, Dibahen; Kartadarmadja, Soenyata (1983). Sejarah perlawanan terhadap kekaisaran dohot penjajahan di daerah Bali. Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Adat. Undang-Undang Nomor 64 Tahun 1958 mengenai Pembentukan Wilayah Tingkat I di Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Nusa Tenggara Timur I.B. Kade Sugirawan, Kondisi Ekologi Muara Sungai Badung di Teluk Benoa di Pandangan dari Parameter Fisik, Kimia dan Biologis, Skripsi, Lembaga Pertanian Bogor, 1992. Maulana, Rivki (17-02-2021). Wiratmini, Ni Putu Eka, ed. "Pelantikan Walikota Denpasar Ditunda, Kepemimpinan Sementara Di Tangan Sekretaris Wilayah". Bisnis.com. Diarsiphon sian aslina tanggal 22.02.2021. Dibuat sian 24/02/2021. Pengambilalihan Kursi DPRD Kota Denpasar 2014-2019 Pengambilalihan Kursi DPRD Kota Denpasar 2019-2024 Dewi, Ni Made Ari Rismaya (05-04-2024). M. Ridwan, ed. "KPU Denpasar Manontuhon 45 Kursi DPRD Kota Terpilih, Cek Susunan Kursi Partai-partai!". jawapos.com. Diakses tanggal 15.05.2024. Djojosoekarto, A., Siahaan, H.M.P., Setiyawati, N.H. (2008). Pelayanan publik di persepsi publik: hasil survei persepsi publik mamakke metode kartu rapot warga di wilayah-wilayah, Kemitraan Kemitraan, <nowiki>ISBN 979-26-9631-8</nowiki>. Sadiawati, D., Djojosoekarto, A., Setiyawati, N.H., (2008). Membangun sistem terpadu di na mambasmi korupsi di angka luat: catatan pengalaman di na mangawasi rencana aksi daerah laho mambasmi korupsi (RAD PK) dohot melaksanahon kartu rapot warga (KR) di lima luat, Kemitraan Kemitraan, <nowiki>ISBN 979-26-9625-3</nowiki>. Diarsiphon 2012-02-04 di Mesin Wayback. Sensus penduduk Kota Denpasar 2010 Diarsipkan 11-13-2010 di Wayback Machine. (didapot tanggal 6 April 2011) "Beberapa Ciri Penduduk Menurut Kabupaten/Kota di Bali, Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020". bali.bps.go.id. Diarsiphon sian aslina tanggal 24/01/2021. Diakses tanggal 14 Maret 2022. Ciptakarya.pu.go.id Profile Kota Denpasar Archived 11-2018-24 at the Wayback Machine. (didapot tanggal 6 April 2011) "Visualisasi Data Penduduk". gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id. Dibuat tanggal 12/19/2024. "Kerjasama ima Kunci laho mewujudkan Keputusan Presiden Perencanaan Tata Wilayah Perkotaan". BKPRN do. Diarsiphon sian aslina di 01.07.2013. Diakses tanggal 25 Januari 2013. "Visualisasi Data Penduduk". gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id. Dibuat tanggal 12/19/2024. "Peta Persebaran Penduduk Menurut Suku Provinsi Bali" (pdf). bali.bps.go.id. Januari 2015. hlm. 9, 11. Diarsiphon sian aslina tanggal 30 Juru 2022. Diakses tanggal 18 Juni 2022. gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id <nowiki>https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/arcgis/apps/storymaps/cerita/7dcd8b77cba94e22a5ad6953ceab5be1</nowiki>. Dibuat tanggal 12/12/2024. Na adong manang na so adong |judul= (bantuan) Denpasar, Badan Statistik Kota Pusat. "Kota Denpasar di Angka 2022". denpasarkota.bps.go.id. Dibuat tanggal 12/12/2024. Motivasi Kerja Wanita Bali di Star Hotels Kota Denpasar Archived 01-11-2012 di Wayback Machine. (didapot tanggal 6 April 2011) Diarsiphon 2010-07-20 di Mesin Wayback. Profil Kesehatan Kota Denpasar Diarsipkan 09-02-2011 di Mesin Wayback. (didapot tanggal 6 April 2011) "Data Puskesmas Kota Denpasar". Diarsiphon sian aslina tanggal 11.07.2022. Diakses tanggal 15 Oktober 2021. Diarsiphon 10-07-2021 di Mesin Wayback. (diakses 8 Oktober 2021) Diarsiphon 26-04-2011 di Mesin Wayback. Urgent, Pengelolaan Mandiri Sampah Plus di Denpasar Diarsiphon 05-10-2012 di Mesin Wayback. (didapot tanggal 6 April 2011) Diarsiphon 2011-01-04 di Mesin Wayback. Depot Sanur Kauh[link cacat permanent] (diakses 6 April 2011) Diarsiphon 12-12 di Arsip.is Pelabuhan Benoa Diarsipkan 17-04 di Mesin Wayback. Ni Nyoman Murniasih, Evaluasi Kinerja Jasa Perhubungan Kota Denpasar Dilihat dari Operator, Skripsi, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2005 Diarsiphon 2011-04-08 di Mesin Wayback. Angkot di Denpasar Mati Suri Archived 01-08-2012 di Wayback Machine. (didapot tanggal 11 April 2011) Diarsiphon 2011-04-08 di Mesin Wayback .{{Reflist|30em}} == Tautan luar ==  <div aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright" role="navigation"> * <span>[[Berkas:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg|link=|alt=flag|border|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span></img> <span>[[Portal:Indonesia|Portal Indonesia .]]</span> </div> * (Indonesia) [http://www.denpasar.go.id/ Situs web resmi Kota Denpasar] Diarsipkan 2007-05-09 di Wayback Machine. * (Indonesia) [http://www.tempat-wisatabali.org/ Tempat wisata di Bali] * (Indonesia) [http://www.tempat-wisatabali.org/2014/07/daftar-harga-tiket-masuk-objek-wisata-denpasar-bali.html Daftar tarif objek wisata di Denpasar, Bali] {{Kota besar di Indonesia|image=1906 Puputan monument in Denpasar.jpg}}{{Bali}}{{Authority control}} 36fsvi8b9lwqntnmq370wdcse7j8aos 0 1685 18168 15271 2026-08-22T13:35:35Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18168 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:NOAH Live Makassar, 25 Nov 2022.jpg|thumb|Band Noah di tingki marende nasida di Makassar, 25 November taon 2022 naung salpu]] '''Noah''' (hian margoar '''Peterpan''') i ma sada grup parende na adong di Indonesia, i baen na di taon 2000 di [[Bandung]], [[Jawa Hasundutan]]. Parjolo grup on margoar Peterpan ima goar na dibahen si Ariel (parende, pargitar), si Andika (par piano), si Indra (par gitar bass), si Lukman (par gitar), si Reza (par dram) dohot si Uki (par gitar). == Logu ni Noah == [[Ugasan:Logo Band Noah.png|thumb|Logo ni '''Noah''']] # ''Separuh Aku'' # ''Tak Lagi Sama'' # ''Hidup Untukmu, Mati Tanpamu'' # ''Ini Cinta'' # ''Wanitaku''<ref>Kompas.com. [https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2024/01/04/120823166/10-lagu-noah-paling-populer?page=all 10 Lagu NOAH Paling Populer] - di ida 12 Januari 2025; 15:35 Wib</ref> == Gombar == <gallery> Ugasan:Ariel Noah 2013.jpg|si Aril Pa Rende ni '''Noah''' Ugasan:Noah 2013.jpg|Si Lukman dohot Si Ariel anggota ni Noah Ugasan:Logo Band Noah.png|Log ni Noah </gallery> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Musik-stub}}{{Authority control}} e9ki8px87qe6pppxh0ksply7kt672nm 0 1689 18200 12765 2026-08-22T13:43:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18200 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Tonga.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Tonga]] '''Tonga''' (goar resmi: Harajaon Tonga, [[hata Tonga]]: ''Pule'anga Fakatu'i'o Tonga'') i ma sada nagara hapuloan na maringanan di [[Oseania]]. Huta sabungan ni Tonga maringanan di [[Nuku'alofa]]. {{Oseania-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Oseania]] kxqf2thhb39gaiwbcd3ahvtgbk9c0fl 0 1690 18355 16859 2026-08-22T15:55:03Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Nuku'alofa|ᯉᯮᯂᯮᯀᯞᯬᯇ}} '''Nuku'alofa''' i ma huta sabungan jala kota na umbalga di [[Tonga (nagara)|Tonga]]. Maringanan di utara ni pante di [[Pulo Tongatupu]]. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Oseania]] [[Horong:Huta sabungan ni nagara]] 1npe95qimxdw7twiql7la9g9dvlxf3f 0 1692 18215 12629 2026-08-22T13:48:09Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18215 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Map of Central America (nl).png|thumb|Peta ni Amerika Tonga]] '''Amerika Tonga''' i ma bagian ni luat di [[Amerika Utara]] bagian dangsina na manghamham luat di bariba dangsina ni [[Londut Meksiko]] sahat tu parbatasan ni [[Panama]] dohot [[Kolombia]]. == Nagara == On ma angka nagara na maringanan di luat Amerika Tonga: {| class="wikitable" |- ! No. !! Nagara !! Huta sabungan |- | 1 || [[Guatemala]] || [[Kota Guatemala]] |- | 2 || [[El Salvador]] || [[San Salvador]] |- | 3 || [[Honduras]] || [[Tegucigalpa]] |- | 4 || [[Nikaragua]] || [[Managua]] |- | 5 || [[Kosta Rika]] || [[San Jose, Kosta Rika|San Jose]] |- | 6 || [[Panama]] || [[Kota Panama]] |- | 7 || [[Belize]] || [[Belmonpan]] |- |} {{Amerika-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Banua]] [[Horong:Amerika]] 3qa5g8zeoiggydt7tfqxmvb7ftvrj90 0 1706 18354 16932 2026-08-22T15:54:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Cairo at night ..jpg|thumb|Panatapan ni Kairo di borngin]] '''Kairo''' ([[Hata Arab]]: القاهرة, [[Romanisasi hurup Arab|hurup Latin]]: ''al-Qāhirah'') i ma huta sabungan jala kota na umbalga di [[Misir]].{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Huta sabungan ni nagara]] 05i9hahsy0lml0ujff5pryl28qoqsbf 0 1718 18318 14442 2026-08-22T15:30:25Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Burhanuddin Harahap, Kami Perkenalkan (1952), p94.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni Burhanuddin Harahap di taon 1952]] '''Burhanuddin Harahap''' (ejaan na robi: '''Boerhanoeddin Harahap'''; tubu di 12 Pebruari 1917 - monding di 14 Juni 1987) i ma sada politikus sian [[Partai Masyumi]]<ref name=":0" /> jala [[Perdana Menteri Indonesia]] na pasiahon. == Masa Naposo == Burhanuddin Harahap tubu di [[Medan]] di ari 12 Pebruari 1917, hape di batu nisanna tarsurat ari 12 Maret 1917.<ref>DetikNews (2006),[https://web.archive.org/web/20211105125805/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-657278/menjelajahi-rumah-terakhir-10-mantan-perdana-menteri "Menjelajahi Rumah Terakhir 10 Mantan Perdana Menteri"], news.detik.com, diakses di ari 4 Pebruari 2025</ref> Ibana do anak paduahon sian Mohammad Yunus dohot Siti Nurfiah. Mohammad Yunus sandiri i ma [[halak Batak]] na ro sian luat Tapanuli Dangsina. === Pendidikan === Di taon 1938, ibana markuliah di ''Rechthoogeschool te Batavia'' manang Sekolah Hakim Tinggi, hape dang sae do kuliahna alana ro do Japang tu Indonesia.<ref name=":0">Kementerian Penerangan Republik Indonesia, [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Kami_perkenalkan/0O3Z5HNNghUC?gbpv=1 ''Kami Perkenalkan'']. 1952. alaman 94. Diakses di ari 6 Pebruari 2025</ref> == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Pangintuai Indonesia]] [[Horong:Politikus]] [[Horong:Perdana Menteri Indonesia]] l9nrqib85vpa2kw7nsax4uzcgr5cbnp 0 1719 18155 13594 2026-08-22T13:30:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:President Megawati Sukarnoputri - Indonesia.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni Megawati Soekarnoputri]] '''Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Soekarnoputri''' manang dijou dope '''Megawati Soekarnoputri''' (tubu 23 Januari 1947) i ma mantan [[Presiden ni Indonesia|Presiden Republik Indonesia]] na palimahon jala saonari gabe ketua umum sian [[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan]] manang PDI-P. Ibana do presiden parompuan na parjolo dohon na sasadasa na hea menjabat dipardalanan ni pamarentaon hapresidenon di Indonesia sahat tu sadarion. Ibana menjabat sian taon 2001 sahat tu taon 2004 manggantihon presiden [[Abdurrahman Wahid]]. Hea do ibana mancalonhon muse di Pemilu Presiden taon 2009 alai ditaluhon [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] (SBY) na gabe presiden paonomhon. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Jujur ni ngolu-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Presiden ni Indonesia]] abg1b24h5wwgm7jkad3okk7bizh9885 0 1721 18414 12901 2026-08-22T16:31:51Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mochtar Lubis''' (7 Maret 1922 - 2 Juli 2004) ima sada wartawan dot novelis Indonesia na dohot pajongjongkon [[Indonesia Raya]] dohot majalah sastra bulanan ''Horison''.[https://web.archive.org/web/20220704214253/http://encyclopedia.jakarta-tourism.go.id/post/mochtar-lubis?lang=id] Novel ni ibana na marjudul Senja di Jakarta ima novel saro [[Indonesia]] parjolo na iterjemahon tu bahasa Inggris. Ia ima sada kritikus tu [[Soekarno]] dot ipenjarakon ibana, songoni juo tu [[Soeharto]] i piga-piga hali na mangihut. Ia maniop pandangan anti-kiri na kuat dot iligi kritikus manjadi sekutu dohot pasukan militer dot pro amerika na mangalo kabijakan non-sekutu ni Sukarno, sada tuduhan na ibana sandiri mansoadahon.[https://web.archive.org/web/20081123075636/http://www.insideindonesia.org/edit83/p23_hill.html] [[Ugasan:Mochtar Lubis (1979).jpg|thumb|Mochtar Lubis]] == Parsiajaran == Ibana mamulai parsikolaanna tu Hollandsch Inlandsche School (HIS) di Sungai Banyak, Kerinci taon 1936. Taon 1940, ditoruskon ibana ma parsikolaanna i tu Sikola Ekonomi Partikel i Kayutanam na ipajongjong ni S.M. Latif. Sian tingki i ma, mulai muncul tondi kemerdekaan dibagasan si Mochtar Lubis on. Ia dungni mu loi marsiajar politik ma ibana, urusan sosial dot saro asing, songon saro [[Inggeris|Inggris]], [[Bolanda]] dohot [[Jerman]]. == Karir == Sian pendudukan Jepang ibana nunga mengambil parhundulan di bidang penerangan. Ia ma salah sada pajongjongkon Kantor Berita ANTARA, dungi pajongjongkon dot manguluhon harian [[Indonesia Raya]] na madung ilarang tarbit. Dipajongjong ibana ma majalah sastra Horison rap dohot angka donganna. I maso pamarentahan [[Soekarno]], ia tarkurung ampir salapan taon dot baru ipalua i taon 1966. Igariskon ia pamikirannia i hatiha i penjara i buku Catatan Subversif (1980). Angkup ni i, i ma gabe ''Presiden Yayasan Pers Asia'', ruas ni ''Dewan Kepemimpinan Asosiasi Internasional untuk Kebebasan Budaya'' (Organisasi CIA), dohot ruas ni ''Federasi Studi Masa Depan Dunia'' do ibana. Novelna, ''Jalan Tak Ada Ujung'' (1952 dibahen lapatanna ma tu hata Inggeris oleh A.H. John gabe ''A Road With No End'', London taon 1968), mandapot Hadiah Sastra BMKN di taon 1952; cerita pendeknia Musim Gugur mandapot hadiah majalah Cerita di taon 1953; koleksi carito pendekna Perempuan (1956) mandapot Hadiah Sastra Nasional BMKN di taon 1955 tu 1956; novelna, Harimau! Babiat! (taon 1975), mandapot hadiah Yayasan Buku Utama Jurusan P&K; dohot novelnia Maut dot Cinta (taon 1977) monang Hadiah Sastra Yayasan Jaya Raya taon 1979. Salain i, Mochtar juo mandapot Penghargaan Sastra Chairil Anwar (taon 1992). Rap dohot piga-piga sarjana muse, dipajongjongkon ibana ma Yayasan Obor Indonesia, sada yayasan na mambaen kontribusi tu bidang budaya dot pengembangan intelektual sian penerbitan ni buku.[https://web.archive.org/web/20220619100906/http://news.obor.or.id/sejarah-yayasan-pustaka-obor-indonesia/] Pidato budayana tanggal 6 April taon 1977 di Taman Ismail Marzuki (TIM) Jakarta i digarison di sada buku na marjudul Manusia Indonesia. Buku on, na diterbithon Yayasan Obor Indonesia (YOI), nunga manjalo pro dohot kontra sian masyarakat ala diungkaphon stereotip ni halak Indonesia, tarlumobi parange negatifna. == Pustaka Laklak == ==== Maut dan Cinta ==== I ma karya ni si Mochtar Lubis na mambahas masalah [[kepemimpinan]] negara di Indonesia na tarjadi i jaman ni si Mochtar Lubis tiki geleng. Carito on marfokus ma tu dua tokoh revolusioner dot pejuang kemerdekaan dohot tokoh na marlawanan, ima [[Sadeli]] dot [[Umar Junus]]. Si Sadeli on aktif do karejo di dalam negeri, sementara si Umar Junus no aktif ma ibana tu urusan luar negeri. Umar Junus idokon manjadi tokoh na giot mamake dana revolusi giot marmain-main dohot dadaboru, sahinggo manimbil tingon prinsip-prinsip revolusi. Sadeli hadir songon tokoh na mangalo pelecehan on. Novel Maut dan Cinta on ma gabe sada kritik tu karakter pamimpin republik i maso revolusi. == Pamikkiron == Pasahathon barita di angka novelna i, ia parange dohot karakter ni angka pemimpin ima na mambahen holsoan. == Pustaha == # [https://web.archive.org/web/20220704214253/http://encyclopedia.jakarta-tourism.go.id/post/mochtar-lubis?lang=id Mochtar Lubis]. encyclopedia.jakarta.tourism.go.id, diakses tanggal 6 Februari taon 2025. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20081123075636/http://www.insideindonesia.org/edit83/p23_hill.html Hill, David] (1 Juli taon 2005), diakses sian alaman ni Inside Indonesia. Diakses tanggal 6 Februari taon 2025. # [https://web.archive.org/web/20220619100906/http://news.obor.or.id/sejarah-yayasan-pustaka-obor-indonesia/ Sejarah Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia], diakses sian blog ni Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. Diakses tanggal 6 Februari taon 2025. {{Authority control}} rtffd6g1bxbi9w716vjcpraucgotpsa 0 1722 18316 11382 2026-08-22T15:30:18Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18316 wikitext text/x-wiki Saur Marlina Manurung manang Butet Manurung (ditubuhon di Jakarta hala 21 Pebruari 1972) sahalak aktivis sosial dohot antropolog sian Indonesia. Butet Manurung marsiajar dohot masyarakat Jambi dungkon i pajongjonghon Sokola Rimba taon 2003 di Jambi.<ref>Nurhayati, Desy. (2008, 5 Desember). ''Govt mulls tribal school system's role in education.'' Diakses 6 Februari 2025 dari https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/12/05/govt-mulls-tribal-school-system039s-role-education.html</ref> == Parsiajaran == Butet Manurung marsiajar i jurusan antropologi dohot sastra Indonesia Universitas Padjajaran. Saleleng mahasiswa, aktif do ibana di kelompok pecinta alam mahasiswa Universitas Padjajaran. Ibana dohot tu kelompok pecinta alam harana adong harapanna karejo i alam. Dung tammat sian Universitas Padjajaran, karejo ma si Butet gabe asisten peneliti di Pusat Studi Wanita Universitas Padjajaran. Museng, karejo ma ibana gabe pemandu i Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, tarlobi-lobi mandongani ahli biologi dohot ilmuwan na ro tu harangan.<ref>Maulana, Arief. (2021, 8 Maret). ''Kisah Butet Manurung, Penggagas Sokola Rimba yang Meraih Dua Gelar Sarjana di Unpad.'' Diakses pada 6 Februari 2025, dari https://www.unpad.ac.id/2021/03/kisah-butet-manurung-penggagas-sokola-rimba-yang-meraih-dua-gelar-sarjana-di-unpad/</ref> Butet Manurung pe marsiajar Pembangunan Partisipatif di Australian National University, Canberra jala mandohoti kursus Kepemimpinan Global dan Kebijakan Publik di Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University, Amerika Serikat taon 2012.<ref>Nita, Dian. (2022, 8 Maret). ''Profil Butet Manurung, Peraih Nobel Asia yang Wakili Indonesia jadi Barbie di Hari Perempuan Sedunia''. Diakses 6 Februari 2025, dari https://www.kompas.tv/nasional/268252/profil-butet-manurung-peraih-nobel-asia-yang-wakili-indonesia-jadi-barbie-di-hari-perempuan-sedunia?page=all</ref> == Sokola Rimba == Mulana ibana mangharapkon sude masyarakat adat boi mamake pendidikan gabe alat tu mangatasi parubahan. Mulana, mabiar do halak hutan tu halak sian luar hutan. Digoari nasida do i sibolis mata na tajom (pen). Alai saonari, marsitutu do nasida mangalo angka halak na malo manjaha dohot manurat. Jadi marsiajar ma halak hutan i manjaha dohot manurat. Ro do si Butet mangalehon sikkola manjaha dohot manurat.<ref>Purba, Prihardani Ganda Tuah. (2022, 9 Agustus). ''Mimpi Butet Manurung untuk Masyarakat Adat di Indonesia.'' Diakses 6 Februari 2025, dari https://www.dw.com/id/mimpi-butet-manurung-untuk-masyarakat-adat-di-indonesia/a-59406373</ref> == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} h292iqyzvrwrs9m3v35ykjq7e7gatnm 0 1725 18118 13583 2026-08-22T12:59:47Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:BJ Habibie 1998.jpg|thumb|Poto ni B.J.Habibie]]'''Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie<ref>"Profil BJ Habibie, Bapak Teknologi Indonesia". ''Kumparan.com''. 25 Juni 2020.</ref>'''<ref>"List of Fellow: Habibie, Professor Dr Ing Bacharuddin Jusuf FREng: 1990". Royal Academy of Engineering. 1990. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-04-24. Diakses tanggal 2014.</ref> (25 Juni 1936 – 11 September 2019) i ma [[Peresiden ni Indonesia]] napatoluhon na manjabat sian taon 1998 sahat tu 1999, manggantihon Presiden [[Soeharto]] na mangundurhon diri sian jabatan presiden i tanggal 21 Mei 1998. == Pendidikan == == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Jujur ni ngolu-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Presiden ni Indonesia]] [[Horong:Pangintuai Indonesia]] [[Horong:Presiden]] 9fjx3mqorl25hudhk4qy8fxy8fzzadn 0 1727 18192 13584 2026-08-22T13:41:20Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18192 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:President Suharto, 1993.jpg|thumb|Soeharto, Peresiden ni [[Indonesia]] na paduahon (Gombar taon 1993)]] '''Soeharto''' (tubu: 8 juni 1921) i ma [[Presiden ni Indonesia]] na paduahon, mamarenta ma ibana martoluduapulu taon leleng na, i ma sian taon 1968 sahat tu taon 1998. == Parkarejoan == == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Jujur ni ngolu-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Presiden ni Indonesia]] [[Horong:Pangintuai Indonesia]] 3d7yrhmj1o4dop767io2ngohh30tgbo 0 1735 18303 16288 2026-08-22T14:10:38Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hassang sihobuk''' manang '''''kacang sihobuk''''' manang i ma sada oleh-oleh sian Kota Tarutung. Pandohan Sihobuk i ma sian goar ni sada huta di Tapanuli Utara, inganan ni angka hassang on. Ingananna hira-hira 15 menit sian dalan sian Kota Tarutung, huta sabungan ni Tapanuli Utara. Di sepanjang dalan sian Bandara Silangit tu Tarutung, godang do angka toko na pamerhon hassang sihobuk. Asing ni rasa na tabo, ''renyah'' jala manis, adong do sisi na menarik tu hassang na dibahen marhite na mamanggang mamangke pasir.<ref>https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/kacang-sihobuk-oleh-oleh-khas-tapanuli-utara-yang-semua-kemasannya-seragam</ref> Sude hassang sihobuk adong kemasan na sarupa desainna. Rara dohot bontar do warna khas ni bungkus ni snek na ''renyah'' on. Holan goar ni produsen do beda ni sada hassang sihobuk dohot na asing. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] 1t2q757i6seevpovrqruqis1jbpwes8 0 1749 18301 17032 2026-08-22T14:10:17Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Hary Gunarto1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hary Gunarto, 2016]] '''Hary Gunarto'''<ref>[https://researcher.apu.ac.jp/apuhp/KgApp?resId=S001420&Language=2 Dosen APU] </ref> ima sahalak dosen dohot profesor di Unipersitas Ritsumeikan Asia Pasipik, [[Japang]] na asalna sian [[Indonesia]] jala kuliah di [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220717130645/https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=200901038934712990 Japan Gov. Database]</ref><ref>[https://www.amazon.es/Collected-Computer-Programming-Problems-Visual/dp/981214174X Visual C#.Net di Amazon.] </ref> == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ilmuwan Indonesia]] 48spmd6ohk4o2pbs5c4hh7swc7fi183 0 1757 18509 16248 2026-08-22T18:36:07Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Si bontar mata|ᯘᯪᯅᯬᯉ᯲ᯖᯒ᯲ᯔᯖ}} '''Si bontar mata''' ([[Hata Indonesia]]: ''orang kulit putih'') i ma sada [[horong ras]] ni manisia, somalna marujuk tu koum [[Ras Kaukasia|Kaukasia]]. Ia do panontu ni warna sisik, ala i pangantusion ni si bontar mata i marragam molo diida sian sisi habangsoan, parkouman, jala sudut pandang ni jolma. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ras]] a4tocpqxf1t0wjun0g4rmkm2eaqy50g 0 1779 18141 16191 2026-08-22T13:23:11Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Kosta Rika|ᯂᯬᯘ᯲ᯖᯒᯪᯂ}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Costa Rica.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Kosta Rika]] [[Ugasan:Cs-map-EN.png|thumb|Peta ni Kosta Rika]] '''Kosta Rika''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Tonga]]. Huta sabungan ni Kosta Rika maringanan di [[San Jose, Kosta Rika|San Jose]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Tonga]] qm7cjbdnf4u8bi7walnr1syz7llut8e 0 1795 18229 12406 2026-08-22T13:53:56Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Animal diversity.jpg|thumb|Marragam jenis ni binatang]] '''Binatang''' i ma organisme eukariotik [[Organisme multiseluler|multiseluler]] na mambaen harajaon biologis Animalia. Umumna, binatang mangankon zat organik, manghirup oksigen, boi margerak, maranak, martumbuh, dohot markembang. Adong lobi sian 1,5 juta binatang na boi ditanda, hira-hira 1 juta sian i ma serangga. Diperkirahon, adong lobi sian 7 juta jenis binatang sude. Marragam do balga ni angka binatang, sian 8,5&nbsp;mikrometer sahat tu 33,6&nbsp;meter. Boi do binatang marinteraksi na kompleks dohot donganna dot dohot lingkunganna. Parsiajaran taringot tu binatang digoari do zoologi. {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] 9ust0iw2y6lnnktdgy22f3alh899h2o 0 1800 18227 13009 2026-08-22T13:53:53Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Belize|ᯅᯩᯞᯪᯘᯩ}} [[Ugasan:Flag of Belize.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Belize]] '''Belize''' i ma nagara na gelleng do ukuranna jala maringanan di [[Semenanjung Yukatan]] dohot luat pante habinsaran ni [[Amerika Tonga]]. Huta sabungan ni Belize maringanan di [[Belmonpan]]. == Pustaha == {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Tonga]] cde1f8r2n2q26s5z3ef116oosbfwl6j 0 1801 18244 16242 2026-08-22T13:58:21Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|El Salvador|ᯀᯩᯞ᯲ᯘᯞ᯲ᯇᯑᯬᯒ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Flag of El Salvador.svg|thumb|Mandera ni El Salvador]] '''El Salvador''' i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Amerika Tonga]]. Huta sabungan ni El Salvador maringanan di [[San Salvador]]. {{Amerika-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga-stub}} {{Amerika Tonga}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Tonga]] 2an28qqum935dv2pfrscyrzq4qqydza 0 1807 18424 13756 2026-08-22T16:35:36Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|NewJeans|NJZ}} '''NewJeans''' i ma sada punguan parmusik dadaboru sian nagara [[Korea Dangsina]] (Indonesia: Korea Selatan), na ditompaon ADOR. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Korea]] glcgp9fi3gh705w4vhhg4hznax7inir 0 1808 18466 16580 2026-08-22T16:59:01Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Interlingua''' i ma sada parhataan pangurupion internasional (IAL) na dibahen antara taon 1937 dohot 1951 ni ''Amerika Internasional Auxiliary Language Association'' (IALA). Ia do sada parhataan na tinompa sian kosakata, tata bahasa, dohot parange na asing na marharoroan sian bahasa alami. == Tautan luar == * [https://www.interlingua.com/ Union Mundial pro Interlingua] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] ojmh545m6y0h9g5fu5hhbszdhm2p4ly 0 1814 18228 17116 2026-08-22T13:53:55Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Belmonpan|ᯅᯩᯞ᯲ᯔᯬᯇᯉ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Aerials Belize WHwy 02.jpg|thumb|Panatapan ni Belmopan]] [[Ugasan:Flag of Belmopan, Belize.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Belmopan]] '''Belmopan''' i ma huta sabungan ni [[Belize]] jala kota na umbalga paduahon di Belize. {{Amerika-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Huta sabungan di Amerika Tonga]] [[Horong:Huta sabungan ni nagara]] kwt7svkbdqw6aocdvnwxp9bn5gerbvi 0 1832 18259 13269 2026-08-22T14:04:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Bahrain|Harajaon Bahrain]] tarbagi di bagasan opat hagubernuron i ma [[Hagubernuron Huta Sabungan, Bahrain|Hagubernuron Huta Sabungan]], [[Hagubernuron Utara, Bahrain|Hagubernuron Utara]], [[Hagubernuron Dangsina, Bahrain|Hagubernuron Dangsina]], dohot [[Hagubernuron Muharraq]]. Nunga disesahon do [[Hagubernuron Tonga, Bahrain|Hagubernuron Tonga]] di bulan September taon 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=386389|title=The Gulf Daily News|access-date=2014-12-27|archive-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010152732/http://archives.gdnonline.com/NewsDetails.aspx?date=04%2F07%2F2015&storyid=386389}}</ref> == Hagubernuron == On ma angka hagubernuron di Bahrain dohot peta ingananna: {| class="wikitable" !Map !Governorates |- | rowspan="4" |[[File:New_Governorates_of_Bahrain_2014.svg|364x364px]] |<span style="background:yellow"> 1</span> – '''[[Hagubernuron Huta Sabungan, Bahrain|Hagubernuron Huta Sabungan]]''' |- |<span style="background:#F0DC82"> 2</span> – '''[[Hagubernuron Muharraq]]''' |- |<span style="background:#7bf;"> 3</span> – '''[[Hagubernuron Utara, Bahrain|Hagubernuron Utara]]''' |- |<span style="background:pink"> 4</span> – '''[[Hagubernuron Dangsina, Bahrain|Hagubernuron Dangsina]]''' |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}} {{Luat administratip tingkat sada di Asia}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Luat administratip tingkat sada di Asia]] ivz1nbscfjhp097yjl09li0qc68mjf3 0 1834 18344 11834 2026-08-22T15:50:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18344 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Chess board with pieces.jpg|thumb|Sada set satur, i ma [[papan satur]] dohot [[anak satur]].]] Satur i ma sada [[parmeaman papan]] na dimaenhon dua halak di [[papan satur]] marpetak 8×8, na tardiri sian 64 kotak na riris gabe 2 kelompok borna, i ma bontar dohot birong. Ganup pamain, didokkon "bontar" dohot "birong", mangatur sampulu onom [[anak satur]], na tardiri sian sada [[raja (satur)|raja]], sada [[ratu (satur)|ratu]], dua [[besteng (satur)|besteng]], dua [[gaja (satur)|gaja]], dua [[hoda (satur)|hoda]], dohot ualu [[pion]]. Adong do pola gerakna ganup anak satur i, jala boi do "manangkup" (dibuat sian papan) anak satur musu songon papindahon tu kotakna. Sidung do parmeaman on molo sada pamain ndang boi be pinda raja na sopola tartangkup ([[sekakmat]]) manang parmeaman marujung imbang.<ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chess". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. '''6''' (edisi na-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 93–106.</ref> == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} 7ssicc09rumkcrseftyuq1w0bmv7j3b 0 1835 18380 11840 2026-08-22T16:15:35Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18380 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Indonesia Army soldiers.jpg|thumb|Soridadu sian [[Indonesia]]]] '''Soridadu''' ('''soldadu''' manang '''tantara''') ima istilah tu sasahalak na gabe anggota ni [[parangan]]. Soridadu boi do halak ni dipangido gabe soridadu ([[konskripsi]]) manang [[relawan]] na mandaptar. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parkarejoan]] [[Horong:Militer]] 2kipcoa6gzt2lkse74xqp3ezgb4golf 0 1836 18338 11857 2026-08-22T15:50:07Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18338 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:RMS Titanic 3.jpg|300px|thumb|right|RMS ''Titanik'' manadingkon ''Southampton'' tanggal 10 April 1912]] '''RMS Titanik''' manang '''RMS Titanic''' dihata Inggris, ima sada kapal panumpang na balga sian Britania Raya na lonong di Samudera Atlantik Utara tanggal 14 April 1912 alani hona gunung es. Hape, pardalanan ni kapal on, ima pardalanan na parjolo (perdana), sian Southampton, [[Inggeris]] lao tu New York, [[Amerika Serikat]]. Kapal on dibahen di Belfast, [[Irlandia]]. == Dimensi dohot pangaturan == [[Ugasan:Olympic and Titanic Side Plan 1911.png|left|300px|thumb|Rancangan sisi RMS ''Titanic'']] Ganjang ni ''Titanic'' on ima 882 kaki 9 inchi (269,06 meter) dohot bidang maksimum na 92 kaki 6 inchi (28,19 meter). Timbona diukur sian dasar lunas tu pucuk anjungan, ima 104 kaki (32 meter).<ref name="MC">{{cite book|last = McCluskie|first = Tom|year = 1998|title = Anatomy of the ''Titanic''|url = https://archive.org/details/anatomyoftitanic0000mccl|publisher = PRC Publishing|location = London|isbn = 978-1-85648-482-4|ref = harv|page=22|accessdate=15 April 2025}}</ref> Borat ni kapal on ima 46.328 ton dohot daya muat 34 kaki 7 inchi, jadi todal borat ni kapal on ima 52.310 ton.<ref name="CM">{{cite book|last = Chirnside|first = Mark|year = 2004|title = The Olympic-Class Ships|url=|publisher = [[Tempus Publishing|Tempus]]|location = Stroud, England|isbn = 978-0-7524-2868-0|ref = harv|page=319 |accessdate=15 April 2025}}</ref> == Korban == Godang ni korban ''Titanic'' on dang jelas manang sadia, alani adong beda na tarsurat dihatiha borhat i. Alana adong do tingki na sosaut mangihut tu kapal on, dung i, adong muse angka panumpang namamngke goar samaran, dang goar aslina.<ref>{{cite book|last =Butler|first = Daniel Allen|year = 2002|origyear = 1998|title = Unsinkable: the full story of the RMS Titanic|url = https://archive.org/details/unsinkablefullst0000butl_a6i8|publisher = Da Capo Press|location = USA|isbn = 978-0-306-81110-4|ref = harv|page=239|accessdate=15 April 2025}}</ref> Alai, hira-hira adong ma 1.490 sahat tu 1.635 halakma na mate tingki i.<ref>{{cite book|last = Lord|first = Walter|title = A Night to Remember|url = https://archive.org/details/nighttoremember0000lord_j9r9|year = 1976|publisher = Penguin Books|location = London|isbn = 978-0-14-004757-8|ref = harv|page=|accessdate=15 April 2025}}</ref> Angka bilangan on didapot sian laporan [[Board of Trade]] Britania Raya tentang bencana on.<ref>{{cite book|last = Mersey|first = Lord|authorlink = John Bigham, 1st Viscount Mersey|year = 1999|origyear = 1912|title = The Loss of the Titanic, 1912|url = https://archive.org/details/lossoftitanic1910000unse|publisher = The Stationary Office|isbn = 978-0-11-702403-8|ref = {{sfnRef|Mersey|1912}}|page=110-111|accessdate=15 April 2025}}</ref> {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="margin: 1em auto; text-align: right;" |- ! scope="col"|Kategori ! scope="col"|Bahatna ! scope="col"|Na selamat ! scope="col"|Na mate ! scope="col"|Persentase selamat ! scope="col"|Persentase mate |- ! scope="row"|Dakdanak, Kalas Sada |6 |5 |1 |83.4% |16.6% |- ! scope="row"|Dakdanak, Kalas Dua |24 |24 |0 |100% |0% |- ! scope="row"|Dakdanak, Kalas Tolu |79 |27 |52 |34% |66% |- ! scope="row"|Borua, Kalas Sada |144||140||4||97%||3% |- ! scope="row"|Borua, Kalas Dua |93||80||13||86%||14% |- ! scope="row"|Borua, Kalas Tolu |165 |76 |89 |46% |54% |- ! scope="row"|Borua, Awak |23 |20 |3 |87% |13% |- ! scope="row"|Baua, Kalas Sada |175 |57 |118 |33% |67% |- ! scope="row"|Baua, Kalas Dua |168 |14 |154 |8% |92% |- ! scope="row"|Baua, Kalas Tolu |462 |75 |387 |16% |84% |- ! scope="row"|Baua, Awak |865 |192 |693 |22% |78% |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; border-top: medium solid silver;" ! scope="row"|Total |2224 |710 |1514 |32% |68% |} == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:RMS Titanik]] 930q07x0d64uk0twwx4znicb47cecva 0 1842 18385 13527 2026-08-22T16:15:44Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18385 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Purple rain on roof.jpg|thumb|Tetek ni udan di atas ni atap]] '''Udan''' i ma sada bentuk [[penomena]]<!--fenomena (id)--> alam, i dia [[tetek]] ni aek na [[kondensasi|martimpul]] di [[atmosper]] madabu tu toru dibahen ni [[grapitasi]]<!--gravitasi (id)-->. Udan i ma komponen utama ni [[siklus aek]]<!--siklus air (id)--> jala marpungsi laho paradehon [[aek na tio]] di sandok portibi on. Udan mangalehon untung tu ulaon ni jolma marhite na mangalehon aek tu [[pembangkit listrik tenaga air]] dohot [[halian]] ni parumaon. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Udan]] [[Horong:Aek]] ds6tuvlsar2ii0yttkrnrqixculw256 0 1845 18341 11882 2026-08-22T15:50:11Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Rome skyline panorama.jpg|thumb|Panatapan panorama ni Kota Rom]] '''Rom''' ([[Hata Italia]] dohot [[Hata Latin]]: ''Roma'') i ma [[huta sabungan]] jala kota na umbalga di [[Italia]]. Rom dipajongjong di atas ni [[Sunge Tiber]] jala adong hira-hira 2,86 juta halak pangisina<!--penduduknya-->.<ref>{{Cite web|title=I numeri di Roma Capitale|url=https://www.comune.roma.it/web-resources/cms/documents/Popolazione_2018_RC_rev.pdf|date=31 Desember 2018}}</ref>. Sian na jolo, tarbarita do kota on manjadi pogu ni [[Rom na Robi]]<!--Romawi Kuno/Ancient Rome-->, Jadi kota Rom pe targoar do "Kota na Manongtong"<!--Kota Abadi--> (hata Latin: ''Urbs Aeterna''). Kota Rom i ma inganan ni [[Patikan|Kota Patikan]], nagara na mardeka i ma hundulan ni [[Tahta na Badia]], pogu ni [[Huria Katolik]] di sude portibi on.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Ann Marie B.|last=Bahr|title=Christianity: Religions of the World|date=2009|page=139|ISBN=9781438106397|publisher=Infobase Publishing}}</ref> ==Pustaha== [[Horong:Huta sabungan ni nagara]] <references />{{Authority control}} mf4dowee9r0oxsq2cmk38lzd6kx001k 0 1847 18397 11885 2026-08-22T16:28:59Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18397 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Espadon-Morges.jpg|thumb|upright=0.55|[[Podang ganjang]] Suiss<!--Swiss-->, sian abad palimabolason manang paonombolason.]] '''Podang''' i ma [[sinjata]] na patioptiop na dipangke bahen mamotong. Jotjot do i dibahen sian [[logam]], songon [[bosi]] dohot [[malelo]]<!--baja-->. Adong do podang on bilah na ganjang, jala adong do gagangna. Boi do i dipangke bahen manusuk dohot manallihi<!--membacok-->. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Sinjata]] n9d5s86ga7vrs2bco70b272kj95v6te 0 1848 18413 11887 2026-08-22T16:31:23Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18413 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Hombre_echando_una_siesta_en_San_Cristóbal,_Cusco,_Perú,_2015-07-31,_DD_49.JPG|thumb| Sahalak jolma na modom di atas ni jukut.]] '''Modom''' i ma keadaan na maradian, i dia [[hasadaron]]<!-- kesadaran (id) --> dohot [[alamat ni roha]]<!-- indra (id) --> tarambat. Uju i modom, moru do ulaon ni otot dohot interaksi tu na humaliang. Anggo modom marasing sian keadaan [[Dungo|mardungo]], modom ondop mangalibatkon pola [[utokutok]] na aktip, jadi lobi reaktif sian [[koma]] manang [[tarngok]]<!-- Pingsan -->.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/public-education/brain-basics/brain-basics-understanding-sleep|publisher=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|access-date=19 April 2025}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} eizuov74z8p0fgc4f0ffaxlokix63ji 0 1852 18209 16235 2026-08-22T13:48:00Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18209 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Albania'''<br>'''''Republika e Shqipërisë ([[hata Albania|Albania]])'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Albania.svg|100px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|50px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="300px"|[[Moto]] :<br> ''Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar''<br> ([[Hata Albania|Albania]]: "Ho Albania, lehon sangap tu au, lehon goar Albania tu au") |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Logu habangsoan]] :<br>''[[Himni i Flamurit]]'' |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Hymni_i_Flamurit_instrumental.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Albania (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Albania |} '''Albania''', goar resmina, '''Republik Albania''' ([[Hata Albania]]: ''Republika e Shqipërisë''), i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Eropa Anggoni]], khususna maringanan di [[Balkan|Pulo Tanjung Balkan]]<!-- Semenanjung Balkan (id) -->. Huta sabungan i ma di Kota [[Tirana]]. Nagara on marbatasan dohot [[Laut Ionia]], [[Laut Adriatik]], jala [[Laut Tonga]]. Nagara na mahombar balok <!-- bertetangga (id) -->sian nagara on i ma [[Montenegro]], [[Kosopo]], [[Makedonia Utara]], jala [[Junani]]. Adong luasna ni Albani hira-hira 28.748&nbsp;km² dohot pangisina hira-hira 3 juta jolma.{{Porlu pustaha}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] [[Horong:Eropa Anggoni]] {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} lnvpw1bqhrhtdtekkmjqbf6bd0e5n3o 0 1920 18384 17147 2026-08-22T16:15:42Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Ugamo|ᯥᯎᯔᯬ}} [[Ugasan:ReligijneSymbole.svg|thumb|ka|Ragam tanda ni ugamo.]] '''Ugamo''' i ma [[sistem sosial]]-[[sistem budaya|budaya]], pandohot<!--termasuk--> [[parulan marugamo|parulan]], [[bangko]]<!--moral/ahklak-->, [[haporseaon]], [[panaili ni portibi]]<!--pandangan dunia-->, [[surat na badia|surat]], [[inganan na badia]], [[surirang]], [[etika]], manang [[organisasi]], na manaorhon hajolmaon tu debata manang unsur-unsur partondion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/religion|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210312024948/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/religion|title=Religion - Definition of Religion|publisher=Merriam-Webster|archive-date=12 Maret 2021|accessed-date=24 April 2025}}</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Ugamo|*]] evgi3lzzl9qgzmdi54qbxp598xu3pzx 0 1965 18177 16912 2026-08-22T13:36:02Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18177 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Portugal'''<br>'''''República Portuguesa'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Portugal (official).svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Portugal.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan : ''[[A Portuguesa]]'' |- |align="center" width="140px"| |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:EU-Portugal (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Portugis |} '''Portugal''', goar resmi '''Republik Portugal''' ([[Hata Portugis]]: ''República Portuguesa'') i ma sada nagara di [[Eropa]]. Tano ni Portugal i ma maringanan di [[Semenanjung Iberia]], marbolak dohot [[Spanyol]] di utara dohot purba jala [[Samudora Atlantik]] di bagian dangsina dohot pastima. Adong muse dua luat otonomi ni Portugal di Samudora Atlantik i ma [[Azores]] dohot [[Madeira]]. [[Lisbon]] i ma huta sabungan jala kota na umbalga di Portugal, dillanjuthon dohot [[Porto]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Eropa-stub}} {{commons|Category:Portugal}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] m9gs1i3k520mcb3prbrtol1h9y6kz45 0 1968 18420 12130 2026-08-22T16:34:24Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Antonio de Pereda - The Knight's Dream.JPG|thumb|Gorgaan<!--Lukisan (id)?--> "''The Knight's Dream''" (Nipi ni Soldadu) ni [[Antonio de Pereda]]]] '''Nipi''' i ma sada rangkaian gambar, panghilalaan, sensasi, dohot ide na diida dohot na dibege ni jolma di pingkiranna tingki [[modom]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kbbi.web.id/mimpi|title=Mimpi|publisher=Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)|access-date=13 Mei 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dream|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dream|publisher=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition|access-date=13 Mei 2025|date=2000}}</ref> Jolma somalna marnipi hira-hira dua jom ganup borgin, jala ganup nipi i lelengna hira-hira 5 sahat tu 20 menit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brain Basics:Understanding Sleep|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm|publisher=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|date=2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011011207/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/brain_basics/understanding_sleep.htm|url-status=live|archive-date=11 Oktober 2007|access-date=13 Mei 2007}}</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} 333q7a05td39i3ep7m9c86fa90llu34 0 2051 18256 12610 2026-08-22T13:58:40Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Brachyura montage.jpg|thumb|Marragam jenis ni gurampang]] '''Gurampang''' i ma sada binatang [[krustasea]] [[dekapoda|na marpat sampulu]], na adong "ihur" na mansai jempek manang na butuhana (abdomen) hibul buni di toru ni dada (thorax). Pamatang ni nasida na jempek i ditutupi [[eksoskeleton]] na mokmok. Umumna, adong lima pasang pat ni gurampang, dohot adong capit penjepit di ujung ni pasang na paling jolo. Adong hira-hira 7.000 [[spesies]] ni gurampang na binoto di 96 [[famili]]. Nasida mangolu di sude laut di portibi on, di [[aek na tio]]<!--air tawa-->, dohot di darat, jotjot martabiuni di angka lubang na metmet manang mangali tu tano. ==Anatomi== Umumna, pamatang ni gurampang ditutup dohot tangkurak<!--cangkang-->, i ma rangka luar na mokmok, na tardiri sian [[kitin]] na mansai [[mineralisasi|marmineral]].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=F. Boßelmann |author2=P. Romano |author3=H. Fabritius |author4=D. Raabe |author5=M. Epple |date=October 25, 2007 |title=The composition of the exoskeleton of two crustacea: The American lobster Homarus americanus and the edible crab ''Cancer pagurus'' |journal=Thermochimica Acta |volume=463 |issue=1–2 |pages=65–68 |doi=10.1016/j.tca.2007.07.018|bibcode=2007TcAc..463...65B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=P. Chen |author2=A.Y. Lin |author3=J. McKittrick |author4=M.A. Meyers |date=May 2008 |title=Structure and mechanical properties of crab exoskeletons |journal=Acta Biomaterialia |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=587–596 |doi=10.1016/j.actbio.2007.12.010|pmid=18299257 }}</ref> Di pudi ni capit (''chelae'') ni gurampang, adong onom pat na dipangke mardalan dung i dua pat na dipangke marlange. Marhosa do gurampang i marhite insang na di toruna. ==Sipanganon== Gurampang diparade jala dipangan songon sipanganon di sandok portibi on. Adong do spesies na boi dipangan utuh, tarmasuk tangkurakna. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] sedch0lqhwhnfu3xoegprhe7uf4vkh7 0 2067 18475 17175 2026-08-22T17:03:09Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18475 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Elon Musk Royal Society (crop2).jpg|thumb|Gombar ni Si '''Elon Musk''']] '''Elon Musk''' manang '''Elon Reeve Musk''' (Tubu 28 Juni 1971) ima sada pangusaha na sian bangso [[Amerika Serikat]].<ref>'''Kumparan.com''' - [https://kumparan.com/profil-tokoh/profil-elon-musk-pendidikan-karier-dan-penghargaannya-23BsFT4ZPjG Profil Elon Musk, Pendidikan, Karier, dan Penghargaannya] (Diida: 7 Juni 2025)</ref> Ia pandok ni sada majjalah na sian Amerika ima Forbes idok nasida ia di nataon 2022 naung salpu haroroan ni gupang na sahat ma US$ 240 Milliar. Lam takkas ma imana ditadda gabe sada jolma na mamora ia ibana do na mamukka sada usaha na margoar '''Tesla''', '''PayPal''', '''SpaceX''', dohot '''OpenAI.''' Jala imana do muse nappuna '''X''' (hian goar na '''twitter'''). == tingki Dakdanak == Ia anggo si '''Elon Musk''' on di [[Afrika Selatan]] do, oma na par bangso [[Afrika Selatan]] ima na margoar '''Maye Musk''', among na sian bangso [[Kanada]] margoar '''Merrol Musk,''' adong do anggi ni si '''Elon Musk''' na margoar '''Kimbal Musk''' adong muse do iboto na na margoar '''Tosca Musk.''' Mulai sian na metmet unang tung holong roha na mabbaca dohot marsiajara, di tingki marumur imana 10 taon nunga holong rohana marsiajar komputer.<ref>'''Inilah.com''' - [https://www.inilah.com/elon-reeve-musk Profil Elon Musk: Kehidupan Pribadi, Fakta Menarik, Kekayaan, dan Foto Waktu Muda] (Diida: 7 Juni 2025)</ref> == Reperensi == <references />{{Authority control}} 9nulkktuyji3q5nx60zey84y0ttmbqe 0 2108 18319 12871 2026-08-22T15:36:47Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:United_Nations_Flags_-_cropped.jpg|right|thumb| [[Mandera nasional]] nagara-nagara na marruas di [[Perserikatan Bangso-Bangso]]]] '''Mandera''' i ma sada [[Tekstil|abit]] (umumna marbentuk suhi opat<!-- suhi opat = segi empat (?) -->) dohot uarna huhut desain na tandi. Dipangke do mandera gabe [[tanda]], alat ni siknal<!-- siknal = sinyal (?) -->, manang laho paulihon. Pariajaran taringot tu mandera digoari do "[[peksilologi]]", sian [[hata Latin]] ''{{Lang|la|vexillum}}'', lapatanna "mandera" manang "[[spanduk]]".{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Mandera]] [[Horong:Tanda nasional]] hyuf0b9l6wjhy5754n5gdnb98x5xtyy 0 2125 18358 17914 2026-08-22T16:00:33Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republik Aprika Dangsina|common_name=Aprika Dangsina|native_name={{collapsible list | titlestyle = text-align:center;line-height:normal;font-size:86%; | title = 10 hata ojak na asing<ref>{{Cite act |institution=Parliament of the Republic of South Africa |title=Constitution Eighteenth Amendment Act |date=27 July 2023 |volume=697 |number=47665 |language=en, tn}}</ref> | {{Infobox | subbox=yes | bodystyle=font-size:77%;font-weight:normal; | label1 = [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]: | data1 = {{lang|af|Republik of South Africa}} | rowclass1 = mergedrow | label2 = [[Hata Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]: | data2 = {{lang|af|Republiek van Suid-Afrika}} | rowclass2 = mergedrow | label3 = [[Hata Zulu|Zulu]]: | data3 = {{lang|zu|iRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow | label4 = [[Hata Xhosa|Xhosa]]: | data4 = {{lang|ss|iRiphabhlikhi yoMzantsi Afrika}} | rowclass4 = mergedrow | label5 = [[Hata Sotho Utara|Pedi]]: | data5 = {{lang|nso|Repabliki ya Afrika-Borwa}} | rowclass5 = mergedrow | label6 = [[Hata Sotho Dangsina|Sotho&nbsp;Dangsina]]: | data6 = {{lang|st|Rephaboliki ya Afrika Borwa}} | rowclass6 = mergedrow | label7 = [[Hata Tswana|Tswana]]: | data7 = {{lang|tn|Rephaboliki ya Aforika Borwa}} | rowclass7 = mergedrow | label8 = [[Hata Tsonga|Tsonga]]: | data8 = {{lang|ts|Riphabliki ya Afrika Dzonga}} | rowclass8 = mergedrow | label9 = [[Hata Swazi|Swati]]: | data9 = {{lang|sw|iRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu-Afrika}} | rowclass9 = mergedrow | label10 = [[Hata Venda|Venda]]: | data10 = {{lang|ve|Riphabuḽiki ya Afurika Tshipembe}} | rowclass10 = mergedrow | label11 = [[Hata Ndebele Dangsina|Ndebele Dangsina]]: | data11 = {{lang|nr|iRiphabliki yeSewula Afrika}} | rowclass11 = mergedrow | label12 = | data12 = | rowclass12 = mergedrow }} }}|image_flag=Flag of South Africa.svg|alt_flag=|flag2_border=|image_coat=Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|coa_size=75|alt_coat=|symbol_type=Partandaan ni botohon|national_motto="{{lang|xam|ǃke e: ǀxarra ǁke}}"&nbsp;([[ǀXam language|ǀXam]])<br />"Hasadaon dibagasan keberagaman"|national_anthem="[[Logu habangsoon ni Aprika Dangsina]]" <div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="centre">[[File:South Africa National Anthem.ogg]]</div>|image_map={{Switcher|[[File:ZAF orthographic.svg|frameless]]|Show globe| [[File:South Africa adm location map.svg|frameless]]|Show map of South Africa|default=1}}|map_caption=|image_map2=|capital={{unbulleted list|[[Pretoria]] (eksekutip)<ref name="South Africa at a glance">{{cite web|title=South Africa at a glance |url=https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|website=South African Government |access-date=18 June 2020|archive-date=26 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526163527/https://www.gov.za/about-sa/south-africa-glance|url-status=live }}</ref>|[[Cape Town]] (legislatip)<ref name="South Africa at a glance" />|[[Bloemfontein]] (judikatgip)<ref name="South Africa at a glance" />}}|largest_city={{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|title=Principal Agglomerations of the World|publisher=City Population|access-date=30 October 2011|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225073559/http://www.citypopulation.de/World.html|url-status=live }}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}}|population_density_km2=50.8|population_density_sq_mi=|population_density_rank=169th|population_estimate={{increase}} 63.015.904<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |title=Census 2022 – Statistical Release |publisher=Government of South Africa |website=www.gov.za |date=10 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015192129/https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>|population_census={{Increase}} 62.027.503<ref name="Census-2022" />|population_estimate_year=2024|population_estimate_rank=23rd|population_census_year=[[2022 South African census|2022]]|population_census_rank=23rd|official_languages='''[[Hata ni Aprika Dangsina|12 hata]]'''<ref name="constitution.1.6">{{cite book|url=https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|title=The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa|publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa|year=2013|edition=2013 English version|at=ch.&nbsp;1, s.&nbsp;6|access-date=17 April 2020|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823174423/https://www.concourt.org.za/images/phocadownload/the_text/english-2013.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="parliament.gov.za">{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language|title=The NA Approves South African Sign Language as the 12th Official Language |website=Parliament of South Africa |date=3 May 2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222131030/https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/na-approves-south-african-sign-language-12th-official-language |archive-date= Dec 22, 2023 }}</ref>{{plainlist| * [[Hata Afrikaans]] * [[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]] * [[Hata Ndebele Dangsina|Ndebele]] * [[Hata Pedi|Sepedi]] * [[Hata Sotho|Sesotho]] * [[Hata Tswana|Setswana]] * [[Hata sipaboana ni Aprika Dangsina]] * [[Hata Swazi|Swazi]] * [[Hata Venda|Tshivenda]] * [[Hata Xhosa|Xhosa]] * [[Hata Tsonga|Xitsonga]] * [[Hata Zulu|Zulu]] }} {{collapsible list | titlestyle = text-align:left;padding-left:0.5em;font-size:100%;<!--size of [show]/[hide] link--> | liststyle = text-align:left;white-space:nowrap; | title=Hatahata na marstatus khusus<ref name="constitution.1.6"/>|[[Hatahata Khoe]]| [[Hata Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]]|[[Hatahata Khoisan]]|[[Hata Jerman|Jerman]]|[[Hata Junani|Junani]]|[[Hata Gujarati|Gujarati]]|[[Hata Hindi|Hindi]]|[[Hata Portugis|Portugis]]|[[Hata Telugu|Telugu]]|[[Hata Tamil|Tamil]]|[[Hata Urdu|Urdu]]|[[Hata Arab|Arab]]|[[Hata Heber|Heber]]|[[Hata Sanskrit|Sanskrit]] }}|regional_languages=|languages2_type=|languages2=|ethnic_groups_year=2022<ref name="Mitchley">{{Cite web |last=Mitchley |first=Alex |title=SA's population swells to 62 million - 2022 census at a glance |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=News24 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011171333/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/sas-population-swells-to-62-million-2022-census-at-a-glance-20231010 |url-status=live }}</ref>|ethnic_groups={{unbulleted list | {{nowrap|81.4% [[Halak Bantu di Aprika Dangsina|Marlingkit birong]]}} | 8.2% [[Halak sampuran|Sampuran]] | 7.3% [[Halak Eropa di Aprika Dangsina|Marlingkit bontar]] | 2.7% [[Halak India di Aprika Dangsina|India]] manang [[Halak Asia di Aprika Dangsina|Asia]] | 0.4% other }}|religion={{ublist|item_style=white-space:nowrap; |85.3% [[Kristen di Aprika Dangsina|Kristen]] |7.8% [[Ugamo Tradisional sian Aprika|Ugamo tradisional]] |3.1% [[Halak na so marugamo di Aprika Dangsina|na so marugamo]] |1.6% [[Silom di Aprika Dangsina|Silom]] |1.1% [[Hindu di Aprika Dangsina|Hindu]] |1.1% other}}|religion_year=2022|religion_ref=<ref name="2022 census3">{{cite web |title=Statistical Release - Census 2022 |url=https://census.statssa.gov.za/assets/documents/2022/P03014_Census_2022_Statistical_Release.pdf |access-date=2024-08-22 |website=statssa.gov.za}}</ref>|demonym={{hlist|[[Demographics of South Africa|South African]]}}|government_type=Unitary [[Parliamentary republics with an executive president|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]|leader_title1=[[Presiden ni Aprika Dangsina|Presiden]]|leader_name1=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|leader_title2=[[Uakil Presiden ni Aprika Dangsina|Uakil Presiden]]|leader_name2=[[Paul Mashatile]] |legislature=[[Parlemen ni Aprika Dangsina|Parlemen]]|upper_house=[[Deuan Nasional Propinsi]]|lower_house=[[Majelis Nasional Aprika Dangsina|Majelis Nasional]]|sovereignty_type=Haluaon|sovereignty_note={{nowrap|sian [[Britania Godang]]}}|established_event1=[[Uni Aprika Dangsina]]|established_date1=31 Mei 1910|established_event2=[[Statuta Westminster 1931|Statuta Westminster]]|established_date2=11 Desember 1931|established_event3=[[Reperendum Republik ni Aprika Dangsina 1960|Republik]]|established_date3=31 Mei 1961|established_event4=[[Konstitusi ni Aprika Dangsina|Konstitusi na nuaeng]]|established_date4=4 Pebruari 1997|area_km2=1.221.037|area_footnote=|area_rank=24th|area_sq_mi=471,443|percent_water=0,380|GDP_PPP={{increase}} $1,030 triliun<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/ZAF |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (South Africa) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-date=16 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416232751/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=199,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>|GDP_PPP_year=2025|GDP_PPP_rank=33rd|GDP_PPP_per_capita={{increase}} $16.010<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA"/>|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank=107th|GDP_nominal={{increase}} $418.05 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA"/>|GDP_nominal_year=2025|GDP_nominal_rank=40th|GDP_nominal_per_capita={{increase}} $6,520<ref name="IMFWEO.ZA"/>|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=108th|Gini=63.0 <!--number only-->|Gini_year=2014|Gini_change=decrease|Gini_ref=<ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=ZA|title=Gini Index|publisher=World Bank|access-date=25 September 2018|archive-date=29 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529083011/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=ZA|url-status=live }}</ref>|Gini_rank=<!-- 2nd --><!-- hid rank as source not clear -->|HDI=0.741 <!--number only-->|HDI_year=2023<!--Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year.-->|HDI_change=increase <!--increase/decrease/steady-->|HDI_ref=<ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref>|HDI_rank=106th|currency=[[Rand Aprika Dangsina]]|currency_code=ZAR|time_zone=[[Tingki Standar Aprika Dangsina|SAST]]|utc_offset=+2|utc_offset_DST=|DST_note=|time_zone_DST=|antipodes=|date_format=* yyyy/mm/dd<ref>{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for en-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=16 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816213516/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/en-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> * yyyy-mm-dd<ref>{{Cite web|title=Data Source Comparison for af-ZA|url=https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|access-date=5 May 2021|website=www.localeplanet.com|archive-date=5 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505092248/https://www.localeplanet.com/compare/af-ZA/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref>|drives_on=left|calling_code=[[Telephone numbers in South Africa|+27]]|iso3166code=ZA|cctld=[[.za]]|today=}} '''Aprika Dangsina''', goar na ojak '''Republik Aprika Dangsina''', i ma sada nagara na adong di [[Aprika]], i ma di region [[Aprika Dangsina (region)|Aprika Dangsina]]. Adong do di nagara i [[gurat pasir]] {{Convert|2798|km|mi}} na marbalokkon [[Propinsi ni Aprika Dangsina|sia propinsina]] dohot [[Samudora Atlantik]] huhut [[Samudora Hindia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samsa.org.za/|title=South African Maritime Safety Authority|publisher=South African Maritime Safety Authority|access-date=16 Juni 2008|archive-date=29 Desember 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229120804/http://www.samsa.org.za/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|website=The World Factbook|title=Coastline|publisher=CIA|access-date=16 Juni 2008|archive-date=16 Juli 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716042040/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="safacts">{{cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|title=South Africa Fast Facts|publisher=SouthAfrica.info|date=April 2007|access-date=14 Juni 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719213531/http://www.southafrica.info/about/facts.htm|archive-date=19 Juli 2008}}</ref> Nagara on marbalok dohot [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]]<!-- manang Botsuana -->, huhut [[Simbabue]] di utarana; [[Mosambik]] dohot [[Eswatini]] di purbana; jala [[Lesotho|Lesotho<!-- manang Lesoto -->]] (i ma sada [[enklap]]) di bagasanna.<ref>{{cite web|author=|title=Lesotho: Year In Review 1996&nbsp;– Britannica Online Encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9113829/LESOTHO|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615085933/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/337131/Lesotho-Year-In-Review-1996|archive-date=15 Juni 2013|access-date=30 Oktober 2011|website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Bidang ni nagara on i ma {{Convert|1221037|km2|mi2}}, jala godang ni [[Demograpi ni Aprika Dangsina|pangisina]] lobi sian 64 juta halak. [[Pretoria]] i ma huta sabungan administratipna, sementara [[Cape Town]] dohot [[Bloemfontein]] ganup sian nasida i ma huta sabungan ni legislatip dohot judikatip.<ref name="Marais Twala 2020 pp. 49–62">{{cite journal|last1=Marais|first1=Lochner|last2=Twala|first2=Chitja|title=Bloemfontein: the rise and fall of South Africa's judicial capital|journal=African Geographical Review|publisher=Informa UK Limited|volume=40|issue=1|date=2020-05-07|issn=1937-6812|doi=10.1080/19376812.2020.1760901|pages=49–62|s2cid=218929562}}</ref> Kota-kota na umbalga di nagara on i ma [[Johannesburg]], [[Cape Town]], huhut [[Durban]]. [[Anggunanggun ni hajolmaon|Panomuan arkeologi]]<!-- Nomu = Temu (id) -> Panomuan = Penemuan (?) --> patuduhon marragam spesies hominid nunga adong di Aprika Dangsina hira-hira 2,5 juta taon naung salpu, jala jolma moderen mangingani luat i lobi sian 100.000 taon naung salpu. Pangisi na parjolo mangingani luat i ma [[Halak Khoisan]], na dung i diihuton dohot haadongon [[Halak Bantu|Halak na marhata Bantu]] na harororanna sian Aprika Hasundutan dohot Tonga hira-hira 2.000 sahat tu 1.000 taon naung salpu. Bangso Eropa parjolo sahali mananda ujung na paling dangsina Aprika di taon 1488, tingki singga si [[Bartolomeu Dias]] di [[Tanjung Panghirimon na Denggan]]. Taon 1652, Bolanda mambahen [[Koloni Tanjung ni Bolanda|koloni na parjolo]] di Aprika Dangsina, jala di taon 1795 dohot 1806, digomgomi Inggeris ma i. Di tingki i, masa ma masa gejolak na digoari Mfecane mambaen marragam harajaon di Aprika, padohot [[Harajaon Zulu]]. Dung i, lam dijajah ma luat i, jala mulai sian na [[Repolusi Mineral|jumpang]] berlian dohot sere, luat on mandalani proses industrialisasi dohot urbanisasi. Dung [[Porang Boer Paduahon]], ditompa ma [[Uni Aprika Dangsina]] di taon 1910, dung mardomu [[koloni Tanjung]], [[koloni Natal]], [[koloni Transvaal]], dohot [[koloni Sunge Oranje]]. Uni on gabe nagara [[republik]] di taon 1961. Anggo sistem tohap tu mamillit ni ragam ras hea adong i koloni Tanjung, alai lambat-lambat do i tergerus, jala godangan halak Aprika Dangsina na marlingkit birong ndang [[Tohap tu mamillit|dijalo mamillit]] sahat tu taon 1994. [[Partai Nasional (Aprika Dangsina)|Partai Nasional]] patandahon [[aparteid]] di taon 1948 na mangojakhon [[bolatbolat ni ras]]. Dung parjuangan mangalo aparteid ni [[Kongres Nasional Aprika]] dohot aktipis na asing sian di bagas huhut ruar nagari, marragam uhum na mambahen diskriminasi buhai disengsang di parsitongaan ni taon 1980-an. Pamillitan umum na tarbuka tu sude ras masa di taon 1994. Natorop ni Aprika Dangsina mangangkupi ragam ni [[Ugari ni Aprika Dangsina|ugari]], [[Hata di Aprika Dangsina|hata]], dohot [[Ugamo di Aprika Dangsina|ugamo]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|title=Rainbow Nation – dream or reality?|access-date=10 August 2013|work=BBC News|date=18 July 2008|archive-date=8 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908141212/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7512700.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Nagara on ditanda songon [[Hagogoon parsitongaan|nagara hagogoon parsitongaan]]<nowiki/>angkup mangarihon panghorhon regionalna na signipikan. Aprika Dangsina pe marruas di punguan internasional, tudosna [[BRICS|BRICS+]], [[Uni Aprika]], [[Punguan Pembangunan Aprika Dangsina|SADC]], [[Persemakmuran Bangso-Bangso]], dohot [[G20]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cooper|first1=Andrew F|last2=Antkiewicz|first2=Agata|last3=Shaw|first3=Timothy M|title=Lessons from/for BRICSAM about South-North Relations at the Start of the 21st Century: Economic Size Trumps All Else?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-studies-review_winter-2007_9_4/page/675|journal=[[International Studies Review]]|date=10 December 2007|volume=9|issue=4|pages=675, 687|doi=10.1111/j.1468-2486.2007.00730.x|issn=1468-2486}}</ref><ref name="Lynch2010">{{cite book|first=David A.|last=Lynch|title=Trade and Globalization: An Introduction to Regional Trade Agreements|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|access-date=25 August 2013|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|quote=Southern Africa is home to the other of sub-Saharan Africa's regional powers: South Africa. South Africa is more than just a regional power; it is currently the most developed and economically powerful country in Africa, and is able to use that influence in Africa more than during the days of apartheid, when it was ostracised from the rest of the world.|isbn=978-0-7425-6689-7|page=51|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173913/http://books.google.com/books?id=-MH-GEL425AC&pg=PA51|url-status=live}}</ref> Songon [[nagara na markembang]] dohot marindustri, adong do Aprika Dangsina ekonomi na targodang di Aprika mangihuthon nominal ni PDB,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|title=South Africa|publisher=World Bank|access-date=23 July 2021|archive-date=1 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101050034/http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Waugh2000">{{cite book|first=David|last=Waugh|title=Geography: An Integrated Approach|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|access-date=24 August 2013|year=2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|isbn=978-0-17-444706-1|pages=563, 576–579, 633, 640|chapter=Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011173925/http://books.google.com/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC|url-status=live}}</ref> marugasan [[Daptar Situs Siteanon ni Portibi di Aprika|Situs Siteanon ni Portibi UNESCO]] na umbalga di Aprika,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/&order=region|title=World Heritage List|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|access-date=16 Agustus 2024}}</ref> jala i ma [[luat haanekaragamon hangoluan]] dohot [[bioma]], suan-suanan, dohot binatang na unik. Sian na marujung i aparteid, partanggungjawaban<!-- kurang tahu apa padanannya dari pertanggungjawaban -->panggomgoman dohot [[kualitas ni ngolu]] nunga lam tamba godang tu pangisi ni nagara na so marlingkit bontar.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lieberman|first=Evan|url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|title=Until We Have Won Our Liberty|date=2022|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-20300-3|language=en|access-date=25 Nopember 2021|archive-date=24 Nopember 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124200625/https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691203003/until-we-have-won-our-liberty|url-status=live}}</ref> Alai, [[Kriminalitas di Aprika Dangsina|kriminalitas]], pandoboon, [[Hapogoson di Aprika Dangsina|hapogoson]], dohot hatealon sosial tongtong do rarat. Di taon 2024, hira-hira 32% sian pangisi i ndang adong markarejo ,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|title=Unemployment, total (% of labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172607/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=12 November 2024|title=Statistics South Africa on official unemployment rate in third quarter of 2024|url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/statistics-south-africa-official-unemployment-rate-third-quarter-2024-12-nov|website=South African Government|access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref> sementara hira-hira 56% mangolu di toru ni gurat hapogoson.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|title=Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population) – South Africa|work=[[World Bank]]|access-date=19 September 2022|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731094656/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.NAHC?locations=ZA|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="worldbank-poverty">{{Cite web|url=https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|title="World Bank" : South Africa|accessdate=7 April 2023|archive-date=20 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420193850/https://databankfiles.worldbank.org/public/ddpext_download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZAF.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Koefisien Gini]] na paling ginjang di Aprika Dangsina i ma 0,63, jadi dianggap do i songon salah satu nagara na marhatealon ekonomi na tumimbo di portibi on.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Bank Open Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&most_recent_value_desc=true|access-date=2024-04-04|website=World Bank Open Data|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=1W-ZA&most_recent_value_desc=true|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Francis|first1=David|last2=Webster|first2=Edward|date=2019-11-02|title=Poverty and inequality in South Africa: critical reflections|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|journal=Development Southern Africa|language=en|volume=36|issue=6|pages=788–802|doi=10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|issn=0376-835X|access-date=4 April 2024|archive-date=4 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404210056/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2019.1666703|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Aprika]] f90j3latfgc9g8vwwll0dhtw4jo14z8 0 2128 18173 12991 2026-08-22T13:35:54Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Gobi Desert dunes.jpg|thumb|Panatapan ni Parhorsihan Gobi]] '''Parhorsihan Gobi''' ([[Hata Indonesia]]:''Gurun Gobi'', [[Hata Mongolia]]: Говь, ᠭᠣᠪᠢ, /ˈɡoʊbi/; [[Hata Sina]]: 戈壁; pinyin: ''gēbì'') i ma sada parhorsihan na maringanan bariba utara ni [[Sina]] dohot dangsina ni [[Mongolia]]. Parhorsihan Gobi i ma parhorsihan na umbalga paonomon di portibi on. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Parhorsihan]] koel3ce722xw9suay6v5p178uu14jze 0 2137 18142 17591 2026-08-22T13:23:22Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Palembang CoA.svg|thumb|Partanda ni Kota Palembang|120px]] '''Kota Palembang''' ([[Surat Jawi|Jawi]]:''' كوتا ڤاليمبڠ''', [[Surat Ulu]]: '''ꤰꥋꤳ ꤶꤾꥉꥂꥏ''', [[Hata Palembang]]: ''Pelémbang'', [[Hata Mandarin|Mandarin]]: 巨港 (''Jùgǎng''), [[Hata Hokkien|Hokkien]]: 舊港 (''Kū-káng'')) i ma [[huta sabungan]] ni Propinsi [[Sumatera Dangsina]], [[Indonesia]]. Bolak ni Kota Palembang i ma 352,51 km²<ref>{{Cite web|last=BPS Kota Palembang|first=BPS Kota Palembang|date=2024-02-28|title=Kota Palembang Dalam Angka 2024|url=https://palembangkota.bps.go.id/publication/2024/02/28/702ae9d73820455339723f03/kota-palembang-dalam-angka-2024.html|website=BPS Kota Palembang|archive-url=https://palembangkota.bps.go.id/publication/2024/02/28/702ae9d73820455339723f03/kota-palembang-dalam-angka-2024.html|archive-date=2024-02-28|dead-url=no|access-date=2024-03-14}}</ref> dohot pangisina hirahira 1.801.367 halak sian taon 2024.<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2024|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=30 Januari 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sumsel.bps.go.id/statictable/2018/10/29/108/proyeksi-penduduk-sumatera-selatan-2010-2020.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2021-08-06 |archive-date=2021-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806182348/https://sumsel.bps.go.id/statictable/2018/10/29/108/proyeksi-penduduk-sumatera-selatan-2010-2020.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Indonesia-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Sumatera Dangsina]] [[Horong:Kabupaten dohot kota di Sumatera Dangsina]] 5lyv2cyhgrsfuorgqjlbez4bt27putu 0 2146 18160 17940 2026-08-22T13:30:38Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info paniop jabatan | image = Drs. Mohammad Hatta, 10 Orang Indonesia Terbesar Sekarang (1952), p30.jpg | caption = Potret na ojak, hirahira 1950-an | order = na parjolo | office = Uakil Peresiden ni Indonesia | term_start = 18 Agustus 1945 | term_end = 1 Desember 1956 | president = [[Soekarno]] | predecessor = ''Jabatan na baru dibahen'' | successor = [[Hamengkubuwono IX]] (1973) | order2 = na patoluhon | office2 = Perdana Menteri ni Indonesia | term_start2 = 29 Januari 1948 | term_end2 = 20 Desember 1949 | president2 = Soekarno | deputy2 = [[Sjafruddin Prawiranegara]] | predecessor2 = [[Amir Sjarifuddin]] | successor2 = {{ubl|[[Susanto Tirtoprodjo]] (Pelaksana tugas)|[[Abdul Halim]]}} | office3 = [[Republik Indonesia Serikat|Perdana Menteri ni<br>Republik Indonesia Serikat]] | term_start3 = 20 Desember 1949 | term_end3 = 6 September 1950 | president3 = Soekarno | predecessor3 = ''Jabatan na baru dibahen'' | successor3 = [[Mohammad Natsir]] (songon Perdana Menteri ni Indonesia) | office4 = [[Daptar ni Menteri Pangomat ni Indonesia|Menteri Pangomat ni Indonesia]] | status4 = [[Pelaksana tugas]] | term_start4 = 29 Januari 1948 | term_end4 = 15 Juli 1948 | president4 = Soekarno | predecessor4 = Amir Sjarifuddin | successor4 = Hamengkubuwono IX | office5 = [[Menteri Ruar Nagari ni Indonesia|Menteri Ruar Nagari ni<br>Republik Indonesia Serikat]] | term_start5 = 20 Desember 1949 | term_end5 = 6 September 1950 | president5 = Soekarno | predecessor5 = {{ubl|[[Agus Salim]]|Hamengkubuwono IX (pelaksana tugas)}} | successor5 = [[Mohammad Roem]] | order6 = na parjolo | office6 = Silang Rara Indonesia{{!}}Panghulu ni Silang Rara Indonesia | term_start6 = 1945 | term_end6 = 1946 | predecessor6 = ''Jabatan na baru dibahen'' | successor6 = [[Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo]] | birth_name = Mohammad Athar | birth_date = {{birth date|1902|08|12|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Bukittinggi|Fort de Kock]], Westkust van Sumatra, [[Hindia Bolanda]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|03|14|1902|08|12|df=y}} | death_place = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia | resting_place = {{ill|Tanah Kusir Cemetery|id|Taman Pemakaman Umum Tanah Kusir|v=ib}} | party = [[Politikus na independen|Independen]] | otherparty = [[Partai Nasional Indonesia|PNI]] (sahat tu 1929) | spouse = {{marriage|Rachmi Rachim|18 Nopember 1945}} | children = 3, mangihut [[Meutia Hatta]] | alma_mater = [[Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool]] ([[Doctorandus|Drs.]]) | occupation = {{hlist|Politikus|ekonom}} | signature = Signature of Mohammad Hatta.png | nickname = Bung Hatta }} [[Doktorandus|Drs.]] '''Mohammad Hatta''' (goar tubu: Mohammad Athar; 12 Agustus 1902 - 14 Maret 1980), ditanda alealena margoar '''Bung Hatta''', i ma sada politikus, konseptor, huhut ekonom na godang pandohotina di parjuangan [[Proklamasi Haluaon Indonesia|haluaon ni Indonesia]]. Songon [[Proklamasi Haluaon Indonesia|Proklamator Haluaon,]] rap dohot [[Soekarno]], ibana marperan sentral di parjuangan Indonesia na mardeka sian [[Imperium kolonial ni Bolanda|panjajahon Bolanda]] dohot [[Proklamasi Haluaon Indonesia|mamproklamirhon]] i di tanggal<!-- entah apa padanannya tanggal dalam bahasa Batak --> 17 Agustus 1945 . Sadari dungkon i, gabe [[Uakil Peresiden ni Republik Indonesia]] na parjolo do si Hatta. Tarbarita do ibana alani komitmenna tu sistem demokrasi marhite na pabinsarhon [[Maklumat 3 Nopember 1945|Maklumat X]], na gabe tonggak awal [[demokrasi di Indonesia]]. Di taon 1956, ibana mangundurhon diri sian tohonan uakil peresiden Dung mate si Hatta di taon 1980, nunga ditontuthon pamarenta Indonesia ibana gabe sada [[Ulubalang]] [[Proklamasi Haluaon Indonesia|Proklamator Haluaon]] di tanggal 23 Oktober 1986 marhite Haputuson Peresiden nomor 081/TK/1986. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130806191351/http://www.depsos.go.id/modules.php?name=Pahlawan Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806191351/http://www.depsos.go.id/modules.php?name=Pahlawan|date=2013-08-06}}'', Departemen Sosial RI Online, Januari 2010. Diakses 26 Agustus 2012.''</ref> Goarna marrampak dohot [[Soekarno]] gabe [[Dwitunggal]] dohot diabithon tu Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno-Hatta. Di [[Bolanda]], goarna diabithon gabe goar ni dalan di luat parmukiman Zuiderpolder, [[Haarlem]].<ref>Postcode.nl: [http://www.postcode.nl/2033CJ/4 Mohammed Hattastraat 4, 2033CJ, Haarlem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208182905/https://www.postcode.nl/2033CJ/4|date=2018-02-08}}, diakses 20 Juni 2017</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Jujur ni ngolu-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Wakil Presiden ni Indonesia]] [[Horong:Ulubalang Nasional Indonesia]] q99rnze8xru5mslrr7z6biw2j0202kv 0 2168 18496 15815 2026-08-22T17:13:42Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18496 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Biology-0001.jpg|thumb|Ragam ni subjek na masuk tu lingkup ni biologi.]] '''Biologi''' i ma [[parsiajaran]] taringot tu [[hangoluan]] dohot [[organisme]] na mangolu. Parsiajaran on i ma [[Parbinotoan ni lung|parbinotoan ni portibi]] (ilmu alam) na manghamham ragam bidang dohot prinsip-prinsip na patoranghon struktur, pungsi, partumbuhan, [[Asal mula ni hangoluan|asal mula]], [[epolusi]], dohot parbagian ni ngolu. Adong do lima pundamen parsiajaran biologi, i ma [[sel]] (ola<!-- ola = bagian -->targelleng sian hangoluan), [[gen]] dohot [[hereditas]] (pundamen ni paneanan tibas), epolusi (pundamen na mangeol [[haragamon hangoluan]]), transpormasi [[energi]] (asa mampartahanhon proses ni hangoluan), jala parmahanan stabilitas di bagas ni daging ([[homeostasis]]).<ref name="modell2015">{{Cite journal|last1=Modell|first1=Harold|last2=Cliff|first2=William|last3=Michael|first3=Joel|last4=McFarland|first4=Jenny|last5=Wenderoth|first5=Mary Pat|last6=Wright|first6=Ann|date=December 2015|title=A physiologist's view of homeostasis|journal=Advances in Physiology Education|volume=39|issue=4|pages=259–266|doi=10.1152/advan.00107.2015|pmc=4669363|pmid=26628646|issn=1043-4046}}</ref><ref name="davies2013">{{cite journal|author1=Davies, PC|author2=Rieper, E|author3=Tuszynski, JA|title=Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell|journal=Bio Systems|volume=111|issue=1|pages=1–10|date=January 2013|pmid=23159919|pmc=3712629|doi=10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.10.005|bibcode=2013BiSys.111....1D}}</ref> Biologi marparsiajari hangoluan di ragam [[Organisasi biologis|tingkatan organisasi]], sian [[molekul]] dohot sel sahat tu organisme, [[populasi]], dohot [[ekosistem]]. Di angka ni parsiajaran na adong di biologi i ma [[biologi molekuler]], [[pisiologi]], [[ekologi]], [[biologi epolusi]], [[biologi parhambangon]], dohot [[sistematika]], huhut na asing. Ganup bidang on mamangke ragam ni metode laho tu mamuringkir fenomena biologis, i ma [[Metode ilmiah|pengamatan, eksperimen]], dohot [[Model maretong|pemodelan maretong]]. == Pustaha == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Biologi]] [[Horong:Parbinotoan]] 3r2sznhqun001fhpfy33tc6d66vq5ki 0 2201 18178 14434 2026-08-22T13:36:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Irlandia{{Efn|name=nomenclature}}<!---Not to be changed without discussion!---> | native_name = {{native name|ga|Éire}}<br>{{native name|en|Ireland}} | common_name = Irlandia<!--Not visible. Allows the template to get the correct ISO 3166 code etc.---> | area_link = #Geograpi | image_flag = Flag of Ireland.svg | flag_size = 130 | flag_type = [[Mandera Irlandia|Mandera]] | image_coat = Coat of arms of Ireland.svg | coa_size = 65 | symbol_type = [[Partandaan habalgahon ni Irlandia|Partandaan]] | image_map = {{switcher|[[File:EU-Ireland (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:EU-Ireland.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Europe}} | map_caption = {{map caption | location_color = Rata matua | region = Banua Eropa | region_color = Hulabu holom | subregion = [[Uni Eropa]] | subregion_color = Rata bajar | country = <span>Irlandia</span> }} | map_width = 250px | national_anthem = <br/>{{lang|ga|[[Amhrán na bhFiann]]|italic=no}}<br />{{raise|0.1em|"Logu ni Soldadu"}}<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:United States Navy Band - Amhrán na bhFiann.ogg]]</div> | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Hata Irlandia|Irlandia]]{{Efn|name=national language}}|[[Hata Inggeris|Inggeris]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#article8_1 |title=Article 8, Constitution of Ireland |access-date=4 February 2022 |website=Irish Statute Book |archive-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423200419/https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | demonym = [[Halak Irlandia]] | capital = [[Dublin]] | ethnic_groups_year = 2022<ref>{{cite web | date = 30 May 2023 | title = Population Usually Resident and Present in the State| url=https://data.cso.ie/table/FY023| publisher = Central Statistics Office | access-date = 2 June 2023}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |76,6% Halak Irlandia Marlingkit Bontar |10,8% Halak Marlingkit Bontar na Asing |3,3% Halak Asia |1,5% Halak Marlingkit Birong |7,9% Halak na Asing}} | religion = {{Tree list}} * 75,7% [[Hakristenon]] ** 69,1% [[Huria Katolik]] ** 2,5% [[Church of Ireland|Huria Anglikan]] ** 4,1% [[Daptar denominasi ni Hakristenon|Hakristenon]] na asing * 14,5% [[Ndang marugamo]] * 9,8% [[Ugamo di Republik Irlandia|na asing]] {{Tree list/end}} | religion_year = 2022<ref name="REL">{{cite web | date = 30 May 2023 | title = Population Usually Resident and Present in the State| url=https://data.cso.ie/table/FY032| publisher = CSO.ie | agency = Central Statistics Office | access-date = 2 June 2023}}</ref> | coordinates = {{Coord|53|20.65|N|6|16.05|W|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | government_type = [[Republik]] [[Nagara Parsadaan|parsadaan]] [[Sistem parlementer|parlementer]] | leader_title1 = [[Peresiden ni Irlandia|Peresiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Catherine Connolly]] | leader_title2 = [[Taoiseach]] | leader_name2 = [[Micheál Martin]] | leader_title3 = [[Tánaiste]] | leader_name3 = [[Simon Harris]] | leader_title4 = [[Panguhum na Bolon]] | leader_name4 = [[Donal O'Donnell]] | legislature = [[Oireachtas]] | upper_house = [[Seanad Éireann|Seanad]] | lower_house = [[Dáil Éireann|Dáil]] | area_km2 = 70.273 | area_sq_mi = 27.133<!-- Do not remove per WP:MOSNUM --> | area_rank = pa-118-hon <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | percent_water = 2,0% | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 5.380.300<ref name="Pop.Ireland">{{cite web |title=Population and Migration Estimates, April 2024 |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-pme/populationandmigrationestimatesapril2024/ |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)]] - CSO |website=www.cso.ie |date=27 August 2024 |access-date=27 October 2024}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = April 2024 | population_estimate_rank = pa-122-hon | population_census = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 5.149.139<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2023 |title=Remote work up, Catholic numbers down in Census data |url = https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2023/0530/1386438-cso-census/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530192914/https://www.rte.ie/news/ireland/2023/0530/1386438-cso-census/ |archive-date=30 May 2023 |website=rte.ie}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = {{#expr: 5380300/70273 round 1}} | population_density_sq_mi = {{#expr: 5380300/27133 round 1}} <!-- Do not remove per WP:MOSNUM --> | population_density_rank = pa-113-hon | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $736,73 miliar<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2025 | GDP_PPP_rank = pa-42-hon | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $134.000<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = pa-3-hon | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $598,84 miliar<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2025 | GDP_nominal_rank = pa-25-hon | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $108,920<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april |language=en}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = pa-2-hon | Gini_year = 2022 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini = 27.9 | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref> | HDI = 0.949 | HDI_rank = pa-11-hon | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | sovereignty_type = [[Turiturian ni Republik Irlandia|Haulaon]] | sovereignty_note = sian [[Parsadaan Harajaon ni Britania Godang dohot Irlandia|Britania Godang]] | established_event1 = [[Proklamasi Republik Irlandia|Proklamasi]] | established_date1 = 24 April 1916 | established_event2 = [[Deklarasi Haulaon ni Irlandia|Deklarasi]] | established_date2 = 21 Januari 1919 | established_event3 = {{nowrap|[[Parjanjian Inggeris-Irlandia]]}} | established_date3 = 6 Desember 1921 | established_event4 = [[Konstitusi ni Nagara Mardeka Irlandia|Konstitusi Taon 1922]] | established_date4 = 6 Desember 1922 | established_event5 = [[Konstitusi Irlandia|Konstitusi 1937]] | established_date5 = 29 Desember 1937 | established_event6 = [[Uhum Republik Irlandia 1949|Uhum ni Republik]] | established_date6 = 18 April 1949 | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Partanda ni Euro|€]]){{Efn|name=currency}} | currency_code = EUR | utc_offset = {{sp}} | time_zone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] | utc_offset_DST = +1 | time_zone_DST = IST | date_format = dd/mm/yyyy | drives_on = hambirang | calling_code = +353 | cctld = [[.ie]]{{Efn|name=tld}} }} '''Irlandia''' ([[Hata Irlandia]]: {{Lang|ga|Èire}}), digoari do muse songon '''Republik Irlandia''' (Hata Irlandia: {{lang|ga|Poblacht na hÉireann}}),{{Efn|name=nomenclature}} i ma sada nagara di [[Eropa|Banua Eropa]] na adong di [[Pulo Irlandia]]. Pangisi ni nagara on hira-hira 5,4&nbsp;juta.<ref name="Pop.Ireland" /> [[Huta sabungan]]na dohot kota na umbalgana i ma [[Dublin]], na adong di habinsaran ni pulo, pangisina hira-hira 1,5&nbsp;juta.<ref name="Pop.Ireland" /> Nagara on marbalok dohot [[Irlandia Utara]], na gabe bagian sian[[Nagara konstituen ni Britania Godang|bagian sian Britania Godang]]. Adong do [[Samudora Atlantik]] di humaliang ni nagara on, dohot [[Laut Celtic]] di apotanna, [[Laut Gonting St. George]] di anggonina, huhut [[Laut Irlandia]] di hasundutanna. Irlandia i ma [[nagara parsadaan]] [[republik]] [[sistem parlementer|parlementer]].<ref>{{citation|title=Constitutional Law of 15 EU Member States|author1=L. Prakke|author2=C. A. J. M. Kortmann|author3=J. C. E. van den Brandhof|publisher=Kluwer|location=Deventer|page=429|quote=Since 1937 Ireland has been a parliamentary republic, in which ministers appointed by the president depend on the confidence of parliament|year=2004|isbn=9013012558}}</ref> Dalihan legislatipna ({{lang|ga|[[Oireachtas]]|italic=no}}), tardiri sian [[deuan na toru]] ({{lang|ga|[[Dáil Éireann]]|italic=no}}), [[deuan na timbo]] ({{lang|ga|[[Seanad Éireann]]|italic=no}}), dohot sada [[Peresiden ni Irlandia|Peresiden]] ({{lang|ga|Uachtarán}}) na marhobas songon [[panghulu ni nagara]] na sipatna seremonial, alai dohot pigapiga huaso dohot tugas na ringkot. [[Panghulu ni pangomgoman]] i ma sada {{lang|ga|[[Taoiseach]]|italic=no}} (pardana menteri, {{Lit|panghulu}}), na dipilit Dáil jala dilantiik peresiden, na tugasna mamilit pigapiga menteri-menteri pamarenta. ==Satatan== {{Notelist|refs= {{Efn|name=nomenclature|[https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part2 Pasal 4] sian [[Konstitusi ni Irlandia]] mandok molo goar ni nagara i ma ''Irlandia''; [http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/1948/en/act/pub/0022/sec0002.html Bab 2] sian [[Uhum Republik ni Irlandia 1948]] mandok molo ''Republic of Ireland'' i ma "deskripsi ni nagarana".<ref name="Coakley2009">{{cite book |first=John |last=Coakley |title=Politics in the Republic of Ireland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fzFPQ2pZgd0C&pg=PA76 |access-date=2 May 2011 |date=20 August 2009 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-415-47672-0 |page=76 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225081937/https://books.google.com/books?id=fzFPQ2pZgd0C&pg=PA76%20 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} {{Efn|name=national language|[https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part2 Pasal 8] sian Konstitusi nagara on mandok Hata Irlandia i ma "hata nasional" dohot "hata ojahan na parjolo", dohot Hata Inggeris i ma "hata ojahan na paduahon".}} {{Efn|name=currency|Andorang taon 2002, Irlandia mamangke mata hepeng [[pound Irlandia]]. Mata hepeng ni euro dipangke songon mata hepeng ni akutansi sian taon 1999.}} {{Efn|name=tld|Partanda internet [[.eu]] pe dipangke nagara-nagara na marruas di Uni Eropa.}} }} ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Eropa-stub}} {{Commons|Category:Republic of Ireland}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Eropa]] q3ys54gij1i83gbbfv1em2ezvxbap27 0 2236 18210 16809 2026-08-22T13:48:02Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18210 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Demokratik Rakyat Aljazair'''<br>'''الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية'''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Algeria.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:National Emblem of Algeria (bronze effect).svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|'''Logu habangsoan''' :<br>[[Qasaman]]<br>(قَسَمًا) |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:National anthem of Algeria, by the U.S. Navy Band.oga]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Aljazair |} '''Aljazair''' ([[Hata Arab]] : الجزائر, astuanna : ''Al-Jazā’ir'' ; [[Hata Tamazight]] : ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ, astuanna: ''Lzzayer'') manang goar resmina '''Republik Demokratik Rakyat Aljazair''' ([[Hata Arab]] : الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية, transliterasina: ''Al-Jumhūriyya al-Jazā’iriyya ad-Dīmuqrāṭiyya ash-Shaʿbiyya'' ; Hata Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴻⴳⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵖⴻⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⴰⵢⵔⵉⵜ, transliterasina: ''Tagduda tamegdayt taɣerfant tazzayrit'') i ma sada nagara na maringanan di banua [[Afrika|Aprika]]. Ia do luat ni Aljazair gabe nagara umbalga sian sisi daratan di Aprika. Huta sabungan ni Aljazair maringanan di [[Aljir]] (Hata Arab : الجزائر, Hata Tamazight : ⵍⵣⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ). == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Afrika-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Aljazair]] 72byqnsltw8hdu91efxgjb4acgphzhn 0 2357 18288 17875 2026-08-22T14:06:58Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18288 wikitext text/x-wiki {| style="width:22em; background:#fff6d9; text-align:center; font-size:95%; background-color:#F9F9F9; border:1px solid #AAAAAA; clear:right; color:black; float:right; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em; padding:0.2em;" !style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background:#b08261; color:#fee8ab;"| Halak Batak Mandailing<br>ᯅᯖᯂ᯲ᯔᯉ᯲ᯑᯤᯞᯪᯰ |- |[[File:Pengantin_adat_karo.jpg|250px]] |- |style="border:none; padding:8px 0 0 0;"| |- |style="border:none; padding:4px 0 8px 0; line-height:11pt; font-size:95%;"| |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Bilangan ni jolma |- | 1,034,690<ref name="IPEARIACP">{{cite book|author1=Leo Suryadinata |author2=Evi Nurvidya Arifin |author3=Aris Ananta |title=Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape|url=https://archive.org/details/indonesiaspopula0000sury |year=2003|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=981-230-212-3}}</ref> |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Huta na hombar tu godang ni jolma |- | [[Sumatera Utara]] 906,939 (2000)<br />[[Sumatera Barat]] 127,751 (2000)<br />[[Riau]] 77,611 (2000)<br />[[Jakarta]] 41,393 (2000) |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Parhataan |- |[[Hata Mandailing]] |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Ugamo |- |[[Silom]], dohot [[Hakristenon|Kristen]]. |- !style="background:#fee8ab;"| Puak na jumonok |- | [[Halak Batak Angkola|Batak Angkola]], [[Halak Batak Karo|Batak Karo]], [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], [[Halak Batak Pakpak|Batak Pakpak]], [[Halak Batak Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]]. |- |} '''Batak Mandailing''' ([[Surat Batak]]: ᯅᯖᯂ᯲ᯔᯉ᯲ᯑᯤᯞᯪᯰ) i ma sada punguan marga sian [[halak Batak]]. Halak Batak Mandailing bahat maringanan di [[Kabupaten Mandailing Natal]] dohot [[Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan]], na adong di [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Marga asli ni halak Mandailing ima marga Lubis dohot Nasution, dung i, adong 2 marga na asing, ima marga Siregar dohot Harahap. Jadi, adong hubungan na jonok di Batak Mandailing dohot tu [[Halak Batak Angkola|Batak Angkola]], [[Halak Batak Karo|Batak Karo]], [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]], [[Halak Batak Pakpak|Batak Pakpak]] dohot [[Halak Batak Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]]. Dung i, adat ni Batak Mandailing jonok muse ingkon angka marga-marga (Tarombo Batak) tu halak Batak Toba dohot Batak Angkola. Suratan na sangape hatana, diantara halak Angkola, Toba dohot Mandailing, boi marsiantusan, alani adong sada hubungan na jonok, tarmasuk ma adat, ugamo, muse hatana. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{commons|Category:Mandailing people}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Batak]] 7ti17d2818p8v89p2tpufuuqbkyqa99 0 2403 18482 14377 2026-08-22T17:06:02Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18482 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Portret van Dr. H.N. van der Tuuk TMnr 10018828.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk]] '''Herman Neubronner van der Tuuk''' manang dijou '''Pandortuk'''<ref>Simanjuntak, Bungaran Antonius (2006). Struktur Sosial dan Sistem Politik Batak Toba Hingga 1945: Suatu Pendekatan Antropologi Budaya dan Politik. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. hlm. 49. ISBN 978-979-461-584-3.</ref> (tubu di ari 24 Oktober 1824 - monding di ari 17 Agustus 1894<ref>Lombard D. 1992. A la rencontre d'une société défunte: le cimetière chrétien de Peneleh, à Surabaya. Archipel 44:123-140</ref> i ma pangalapati [[Bibel]] dohot pande linguistik di pigapiga parhataan na adong di [[Hindia Bolanda]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} e6wl1xh6kqbagr3w4sngen3sz4ggkfe 0 2475 18340 14574 2026-08-22T15:50:10Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18340 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Dominika'''<br>'''''República Dominicana'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan : [[Quisqueyanos valientes]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Dominican Republic National Anthem.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Republik Dominika |} '''Republik Dominika''' ima sada negara i [[Karibia]] na maringanan i Pulo [[Hispaniola]] i [[Antilla Besar]] [[Laut Karibia]] i [[Samudera Atlantik Utara]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=de9NDQAAQBAJ |title=Vascular Surgery: A Global Perspective |editor=Dardik, Alan |page=341 |year=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-33745-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5wBsDQAAQBAJ |title=Current Affairs November 2016 eBook |editor=Josh, Jagran |page=93 |year=2016}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Amerika]] [[Horong:Amerika Utara]] bbqifq088xbdqdswnqo64dj2fdgwzy3 0 2502 18297 14667 2026-08-22T14:09:37Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{desa |peta = |foto = [[Ugasan:Desa Harapan, Tanah Pinem, Dairi.jpg|250px]] |keterangan = Kantor Kepala Desa Harapan |nama = Harapan |provinsi = Sumatera Utara |dati2 = Kabupaten |nama dati2 = Dairi |kecamatan = Tanah Pinem |kode pos = 22253 |luas = ... km² |penduduk = 2.090 jiwa |kepadatan = ... jiwa/km² }} '''Harapan''' i ma sada huta (''desa'') na adong di [[Tanah Pinem, Dairi|Kecamatan Tanah Pinem]], [[Kabupaten Dairi]], [[Sumatera Utara|Propinsi Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} bc5mf11fv025zz69lrzy2um7e6xnch5 0 2536 18208 14722 2026-08-22T13:47:59Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|thumb|250px|Mandera ni Ajerbaijan]] [[Ugasan:Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg|thumb|250px|Partanda ni Ajerbaijan]] '''Ajerbaijan''', goar resmina i ma '''Republik Ajerbaijan''', i ma sada naga na marinangan di antara [[Asia Hasunduntan]] dohot [[Eropa Habinsaran]]. Ia do bagian ni luat [[Kaukasus Dangsina]] jala marbatasan dohot [[Laut Kaspia]] di bariba purba, [[Rusia]] di bariba utara, [[Georgia]] di bariba manabia, [[Armenia]] dohot [[Turki]] di bariba pastima, dohot [[Iran]] di bariba dangsina. Huta sabungan jala kota na umbalga di Ajerbaijan maringanan di [[Baku]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}} {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} 4tfcjpkzqztviangl54yx3css6trrap 0 2537 18339 14723 2026-08-22T15:50:09Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18339 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|250px|thumb|Mandera ni Republik Aprika Tonga]] [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Central African Republic.svg|250px|thumb|Partanda ni Republik Aprika Tonga]] '''Republik Aprika Tonga''' ([[Hata Paransis]]: ''République centrafricaine'', [[Hata Sango]]: "Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka" ) i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Aprika Tonga]]. Huta sabungan ni Republik Aprika Tonga maringanan di [[Bangui]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} i7qqxh08nt4oulykznxboq7zv8hyt33 0 2538 18218 16077 2026-08-22T13:48:14Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18218 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|250px|thumb|Mandera ni Antigua dohot Barbuda]] [[Ugasan:Coat of arms of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|250px|thumb|Partanda ni Antigua dohot Barbuda]] '''Antigua dohot Barbuda''' i ma sada [[nagara hapuloan]] na maringanan di luat [[Karibia]]. Huta sabungan ni Antigua dohot Barbuda i ma maringanan di [[St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda|St. Jhon's]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Amerika Utara-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Amerika]] slzztdaw2pbm8ybyraqyxwhgakfwrqk 0 2561 18299 14818 2026-08-22T14:09:59Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kecamatan | nama = Harian | peta = (Peta Lokasi) Kecamatan Harian, Kabupaten Samosir.svg | dati2 = Kabupaten | nama dati2 = Samosir | luas = 394,37 km² | penduduk = 10.850 | penduduktahun = [[2024]] | pendudukref = | kelurahan = 13 Desa | nama camat = Konrad Simbolon<ref>{{cite web|url=https://samosirkab.go.id/kecamatan/|title=Kecamatan di Kabupaten Samosir|web=samosirkab.go.id|accessdate=24 Maret 2023|archive-date=2023-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324055041/https://samosirkab.go.id/kecamatan/|dead-url=no}}</ref> | kepadatan = 6 jiwa/km² | provinsi = Sumatera Utara | kodepos = 22391 }} '''Harian''' i ma sada kecamatan na maringanan di [[Kabupaten Samosir]], Propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Pusok pamarentahan ni Kecamatan Harian maringanan di Huta [[Turpuk Sihotang, Harian, Samosir|Turpuk Sihotang]]. Marbatasan do kecamatan on dohot [[Kabupaten Dairi]], [[Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat]], dohot [[Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} 10u0504twv8hjabdtyqba5rcqfpapnh 18562 18299 2026-08-22T19:54:29Z V321T4S 2759 Maherbanghon isi ni alaman 18562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kecamatan | nama = Harian | peta = (Peta Lokasi) Kecamatan Harian, Kabupaten Samosir.svg | dati2 = Kabupaten | nama dati2 = Samosir | luas = 394,37 km² | penduduk = 10.850 | penduduktahun = [[2024]] | pendudukref = | kelurahan = 13 Desa | nama camat = Konrad Simbolon<ref>{{cite web|url=https://samosirkab.go.id/kecamatan/|title=Kecamatan di Kabupaten Samosir|web=samosirkab.go.id|accessdate=24 Maret 2023|archive-date=2023-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324055041/https://samosirkab.go.id/kecamatan/|dead-url=no}}</ref> | kepadatan = 6 jiwa/km² | provinsi = Sumatera Utara | kodepos = 22391 }} '''Harian''' i ma sada kecamatan na maringanan di [[Kabupaten Samosir]], Propinsi [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]]. Pusok pamarentahan ni Kecamatan Harian maringanan di Huta [[Turpuk Sihotang, Harian, Samosir|Turpuk Sihotang]]. Marbatasan do kecamatan on dohot [[Kabupaten Dairi]], [[Kabupaten Pakpak Bharat]], dohot [[Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan]]. == Pamerintahan == Kecamatan Harian terdiri dari 13 desa yang adalah sebagai berikut: # [[Dolok Raja, Harian, Samosir|Dolok Raja]] # [[Hariara Pintu, Harian, Samosir|Hariara Pintu]] # [[Hariara Pohan, Harian, Samosir|Hariara Pohan]] # [[Huta Galung, Harian, Samosir|Hutagalung]] # [[Janji Martahan, Harian, Samosir|Janji Martahan]] # [[Partungko Naginjang, Harian, Samosir|Partungko Naginjang]] # [[Sampur Toba, Harian, Samosir|Sampur Toba]] # [[Siparmahan, Harian, Samosir|Siparmahan]] # [[Sosor Dolok, Harian, Samosir|Sosor Dolok]] # [[Turpuk Limbong, Harian, Samosir|Turpuk Limbong]] # [[Turpuk Malau, Harian, Samosir|Turpuk Malau]] # [[Turpuk Sagala, Harian, Samosir|Turpuk Sagala]] # [[Turpuk Sihotang, Harian, Samosir|Turpuk Sihotang]] == Ugamo == Natorop pangisi huta Kecamatan Harian mangaluk ugamo [[Kristen]].{{bar box|title=Ugamo di Kecamatan Harian (2024)<ref name="DUKCAPIL UGAMO">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=20 Desember 2024}}</ref>|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Ugamo|right1=Persen|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|6.23}} {{bar percent|[[Protestanisme|Kristen Protestan]]|blue|72.12}} {{bar percent|[[Katolik|Kristen Katolik]]|yellow|21.56}} {{bar percent|[[Ugamo Hindu|Hindu]]|red|0.00}} {{bar percent|[[Buddhisme|Buddha]]|grey|0.04}} {{bar percent|[[Ugamo Konghucu|Konghucu]]|white|0.00}} {{bar percent|[[Ugamo asli Nusantara|Haporseaon tu Debata YME]]|black|0.01}}}}{{clear}} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} == Pranala ruar == * {{Id}} [https://samosirkab.bps.go.id/id?hal=publikasi_detil&id=252 Samosir Dalam Angka 2013] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230816072154/https://samosirkab.bps.go.id/?hal=publikasi_detil&id=252 Diarsipkan] 2023-08-16 di [[Wayback Machine]]. * {{Id}} Kecamatan Harian Dalam Angka 2013 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230611195327/https://samosirkab.bps.go.id/?hal=publikasi_detil&id=254 Diarsipkan] 2023-06-11 di [[Wayback Machine]]. {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Harian, Samosir]] [[Horong:Kecamatan di Kabupaten Samosir]] aecn208f6ak3on8w79pikrnj3anj4zo 0 2578 18348 14889 2026-08-22T15:53:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Kujalleq|ᯂᯮᯐᯞ᯲ᯞᯩᯂ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Kujalleq in Greenland 2018.svg|250px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Kujalleq di Greenland]] '''Kujalleq''' ([[Hata Batak Toba]]: Dangsina; [[Hata Denmark]]: ''Syden'') i ma sada munisipalitas na maringanan di bariba dangsina ni [[Greenland]]. Ditubuhon do munisipalitas on di ari 1 Januari 2009. Huta sabungan ni Munisipalitas Kujalleq maringanan di [[Qaqortoq]] (goar na robi i ma Julianehåb). == Parmianan<ref>Statistics Greenland (2024), [https://stat.gl/publ/en/GF/2024/pdf/Greenland%20in%20Figures%202024.pdf Greenland in FIgures 2024], stat.gl, dibungka di ari 25 Desember 2025.</ref> == * '''Luat Nanortalik''' :* [[Aappilattoq]] :* [[Alluitsup Paa]] :* [[Ammassivik]] :* [[Narsaq Kujalleq]] :* [[Tasiusaq]] :* [[Qorlortorsuaq]] * '''Luat Narsaq''' :* [[Igaliku]] :* [[Narsarsuaq]] :* [[Qassiarsuk]] * '''Luat Qaqortoq''' :* [[Eqalugaarsuit]] :* [[Qassimiut]] :* [[Saarloq]] :* [[Upernaviarsuk]] == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Munisipalitas di Greenland]] siv8ncusb5bk8rh0bbb24b5et9p70so 0 2589 18346 14888 2026-08-22T15:50:17Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Sermersooq in Greenland 2018.svg|250px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Sermersooq di Greenland]] '''Sermersooq''' ([[Hata Greenland]]: inganan na godang es, [[Hata Denmark]]: ''sted med meget is'') i ma sada munisipalitas di [[Greenland]], ditompaon di bulan Januari 2009.<ref>Kummuneqarfik Sermersooq (2011), [https://web.archive.org/web/20110218052852/http://www.sermersooq.gl/en/citizen/welcome_to_kommuneqarfik_sermersooq.aspx Welcome to Kommuneqarfik Sermersooq], www.sermersooq.gl, dibungka di ari 25 Desember 2025.</ref> Pusok pamarentahan ni Munisipalitas Sermersooq maringanan di [[Nuuk]] (goar na robi i ma Godthåb), huta sabungan ni Greenland. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Munisipalitas di Greenland]] 16blnciwf4rbbyp8itxugxz8qwpt5ky 0 2591 18337 14894 2026-08-22T15:50:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Qeqqata|ᯂᯩᯂ᯲ᯂᯖ}} [[Ugasan:Qeqqata in Greenland 2018.svg|250px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Munisipalitas Qeqqata di Greenland]] '''Qeqqata''' ([[Hata Batak Toba]]: Tonga, [[Hata Denmark]]: ''Centrum'') i ma sada munisipalitas na maringanan di bariba pastima ni [[Greenland]] jala ditubuhon di ari 1 Januari 2009. Pusok pamarentahan ni Munisipalitas Qeqqata maringanan di [[Sisimiut]] (goar na robi i ma Holsteinborg). == Kota dohot parmianan == * '''Luat Maniitsoq''' :* [[Maniitsoq]] (Sukkertoppen) :* [[Atammik]] :* [[Kangaamiut]] :* [[Napasoq]] * '''Luat Sisimiut''' :* [[Sisimiut]] (Holsteinsborg) :* [[Itilleq]] :* [[Kangerlussuaq]] (Søndrestrøm) :* [[Sarfannguit]] == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Munisipalitas di Greenland]] 7ln8e255fp67rwagcsufmd5i76o0pnl 0 2592 18336 14893 2026-08-22T15:50:04Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18336 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Qeqertalik in Greenland 2018.svg|250px|thumb|right|Inganan ni Munisipalitas Qeqertalik di Greenland]] '''Qeqertalik''' ([[Hata Batak Toba]]: Sada tongtong dohot angka pulo; [[Hata Denmark]]: ''Den Ene med Øerne'') i ma sada munisipalitas di [[Greenland]] na ditompaon di taon 2018. Munisipalitas on manjae sian [[Qaasuitsup|Munisipalitas Qaasuitsup]]. == Kota dohot parmianan == * '''Luat Aasiaat''' :* [[Aasiaat]] (Egedesminde) :* [[Akunnaaq]] :* [[Kitsissuarsuit]] (Hunde Ejlande, Dog's Island) * '''Luat Kangaatsiaq''' :* [[Kangaatsiaq]] :* [[Attu]] :* [[Iginniarfik]] :* [[Ikerasaarsuk]] :* [[Niaqornaarsuk]] * '''Luat Qasigiannguit''' :* [[Qasigiannguit]] (Christianshåb) :* [[Ikamiut]] * '''Daerah Qeqertarsuaq''' :* [[Qeqertarsuaq]] (Godhavn) :* [[Kangerluk]] == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Munisipalitas di Greenland]] h7mqthyvd62wdnp0szy4cegbugt0m1v 10 2617 18565 14927 2026-08-22T20:08:42Z V321T4S 2759 manturehon gurit na sala 18565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Languageicon|en|Inggris}}<noinclude> [[Horong:Templat ikon basa|en]]</noinclude> q1vczxjl0er8qlverk2ic5nf3vf2hoj 0 2709 18145 17087 2026-08-22T13:23:47Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Papilionidae - Oslo Zoological Museum - IMG 9085T.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni lampu-lampu]] '''Lampu-lampu''' i ma sada serangga na adong habongna jala boi habang. Asalna lampu-lampu ro sian [[Amerika Utara]] dohot [[Amerika Tonga]]. Lobi sian 2.000 do ragam di angka lampu-lampu na adong di portibi on. <ref> Wikimedia Indonesia, [https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10158850290531085&set=a.615483477280600&id=100064568598979 ''Halo, Kawan Wiki! Tahukah Anda nama-nama serangga dalam bahasa Batak Toba?''], ''www.facebook.com'', 2020-08-31</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Binatang-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Serangga]] sccc8u5nyrskk9he59m54a89j5p70bw 0 2710 18261 17088 2026-08-22T14:04:18Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18261 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Photuris_lucicrescens.jpg |thumb|Gombar ni halipotpot]] '''Halipotpot'''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-21|title= Mengenal Nama Serangga dalam Bahasa Batak Toba Lucu dan Unik |url=https://www.detik.com/sumut/budaya/d-6832235/mengenal-nama-serangga-dalam-bahasa-batak-toba-lucu-dan-unik/amp|website=www.detik.com |language=id|access-date=2026-02-13}}</ref> manang ''Kunang-kunang'' di [[hata Indonesia]], i ma sada serangga na marhabong na padohot tu ordo ''Coleoptera'' na mangalehon [[rondang|panondang]] na tangkas tarida tingki borngin. Alai, ndang sude jenis halipotpot mangalehon panondang. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-17|title=About Fireflies|url=https://xerces.org/endangered-species/fireflies/about|website=Xerces Society|language=en|access-date=2024-08-16}}</ref> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Binatang-stub}} {{Commons|Category:Firefly}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Serangga]] 7fpur53hj037b1f8e9uemgvdkxfels1 0 2733 18152 15656 2026-08-22T13:29:55Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18152 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of North Macedonia.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Makedonia Utara]] [[Ugasan:Republic of Macedonia - Location Map (2013) - MKD - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|Inganan ni Makedonia Utara]] '''Makedonia Utara''' ({{lang-mk|Република Северна Македонија}}, {{lang|mk-Latn|''Republika Severna Makedonija''}}), dohot goar resmina '''Republik Makedonia Utara''' ({{Lang-mk|Република Северна Македонија|translit=''Republika Severna Makedonija''}}; {{lang-sq|''Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut''}}) i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Eropa Dangsina]]. Huta sabungan ni Makedonia Utara maringanan di [[Skopje]]. {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Eropa]] 0los9tae51mwyqrc6jwveyargaxl4xz 0 2737 18217 15654 2026-08-22T13:48:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andorra''' dohot goar resmina '''Hasutanon Andorra''' ({{lang-ca|Principat d'Andorra}}), dijou pe '''Hasutanon Rura Andorra''' <ref>Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia, 1993</ref> ({{lang-ca|Principat de les Valls d'Andorra|links=no}}), i ma sada [[nagara metmet]] na mardaulat di [[Eropa Nariti]], maringanan di antara [[Paransis]] di bariba utara dohot purba jala [[Spanyol]] di bariba dangsina dohot nariti. Huta sabungan ni Andorra maringanan di [[Andorra la Vella]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Eropa-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Eropa]] hywne5nb57r9831gc4tk0cvs4qsi6pp 0 2758 18324 16872 2026-08-22T15:40:06Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Jambi | official_name = {{lang|id|{{nobold|Provinsi Jambi}}}} | motto = ''Sepucuk Jambi Sembilan Lurah'' | anthem = ''Mars Provinsi Jambi''<br><ref>https://chordify.net/chords/mars-provinsi-jambi-official-karaoke-musik-lirik-gomes-pro</ref> | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 8 | other_name = | image_shield = {{#property:p94}} | shield_link = Armorial of Indonesia#Provincial | image_flag = | shield_size = 100 | flag_size = | type = [[Propinsi di Indonesia|Propinsi]] | image_alt = | image_map = Jambi in Indonesia.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = {{centre|{{Legend inline|#C41E3A|outline=red}} '''Jambi''' di {{Legend inline|#FFFDD0|outline=silver}} '''[[Indonesia]]'''}} | coordinates = {{Coord|region:ID_type:adm1st|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | established_title = Jonjong | established_date = 6 Januari 1957 | founder = | named_for = | subdivision_type = Bangso | subdivision_name = {{flag|Indonesia}} | subdivision_type1 = Luat | subdivision_name1 = [[Sumatera]] | seat_type = Huta sabungan | seat = [[Kota Jambi]] | government_footnotes = | governing_body = | leader_title = Gubernur | leader_name = [[Al Haris]] | leader_title2 = Wakil Gubernur | leader_name2 = [[Abdullah Sani]] | leader_title3 = DPRD | leader_name3 = M. Hafiz Fattah | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 49026.58 | area_rank = 11 | population_footnotes = <ref name="JAMBI"/> | population_total = 3811660 | population_as_of = 2026 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = 19 | population_density_rank = 23 | population_note = | demographics_type1 = Demograpi | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Suku | demographics1_info1 = 43,57% Jambi<br /> 29,10% Jawa<br/> 5,37% Melayu<br> 5,33% Minangkabau<br> 3,46% [[Halak Batak|Batak]]<ref name="SENSUS2010"/> | demographics1_title2 = Ugamo | demographics1_info2 = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |95,00% [[Islam]] |{{Tree list}} * 4,03% [[Kristen]] ** 3,44% Protestan ** 0,59% Katolik {{Tree list/end}} |0,87% Buddha |0,07% Tradisional|0,02% Konghusu|0,01% Hindu<ref name="JAMBI"/>}} | demographics1_title3 = Bahasa | demographics1_info3 = Indonesia <small>(resmi)</small><br />Melayu Jambi Malay, Kerinci, Kubu | blank_name = GDP (nominal) | blank_info = 2022 | blank1_name = &nbsp;- Total<ref name="bpsgdpdata2022">{{Cite web |author=Badan Pusat Statistik |author-link=Statistics Indonesia |year=2023 |title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2022 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/3/WkdVMWRYVnBkMnBvVEhKSVkyWXhNblZtTjJSbmR6MDkjMw==/produk-domestik-regional-bruto-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku--menurut-provinsi--miliar-rupiah-.html?year=2022 |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik |location=Jakarta |language=id |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128114230/https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/3/WkdVMWRYVnBkMnBvVEhKSVkyWXhNblZtTjJSbmR6MDkjMw==/produk-domestik-regional-bruto-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku--menurut-provinsi--miliar-rupiah-.html?year=2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> | blank1_info = [[Rupiah|Rp]] 276.3&nbsp;triliun <br>[[USD|US$]] 18.6&nbsp;miliar<br>[[Int$]] 58.1&nbsp;miliar ([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]) | blank2_name = &nbsp;- Per kapita<ref name="bpspercapitadata">{{Cite web |author=Badan Pusat Statistik |author-link=Statistics Indonesia |year=2023 |title=Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita (Ribu Rupiah), 2022 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/3/YWtoQlRVZzNiMU5qU1VOSlRFeFZiRTR4VDJOTVVUMDkjMw==/produk-domestik-regional-bruto-per-kapita-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku-menurut-provinsi--ribu-rupiah-.html?year=2022 |publisher=Badan Pusat Statistik |location=Jakarta |language=id |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-date=28 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128114301/https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/3/YWtoQlRVZzNiMU5qU1VOSlRFeFZiRTR4VDJOTVVUMDkjMw==/produk-domestik-regional-bruto-per-kapita-atas-dasar-harga-berlaku-menurut-provinsi--ribu-rupiah-.html?year=2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> | blank2_info = [[Rupiah|Rp]] 76.1&nbsp;juta<br>[[USD|US$]] 5,125<br>[[Int$]] 15,991&nbsp;([[Purchasing power parity|PPP]]) | blank3_name = &nbsp;- Martumbu<ref name="bappenas2022">{{Cite web |author=Badan Pembangunan Nasional |author-link=Ministry of National Development Planning (Indonesia) |year=2023 |title=Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan |url=https://simreg.bappenas.go.id/home/pemantauan/lpe |publisher=Badan Pembangunan Nasional |location=Jakarta |language=id |access-date=28 January 2024 |archive-date=3 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903103854/https://simreg.bappenas.go.id/home/pemantauan/lpe |url-status=live }}</ref> | blank3_info = {{Increase}} 5.13% | blank4_name = IPM (2024) | blank4_info = {{increase}} 0.744<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2024/11/15/2296/indeks-pembangunan-manusia--ipm--indonesia-tahun-2024-mencapai-75-02--meningkat-0-63-poin-atau-0-85-persen-dibandingkan-tahun-sebelumnya-yang-sebesar-74-39-.html |title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2024 |publisher=[[Statistics Indonesia]] |date=2024 |language=id |access-date=15 November 2024 |archive-date=1 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101232721/https://www.bps.go.id/id/pressrelease/2024/11/15/2296/indeks-pembangunan-manusia--ipm--indonesia-tahun-2024-mencapai-75-02--meningkat-0-63-poin-atau-0-85-persen-dibandingkan-tahun-sebelumnya-yang-sebesar-74-39-.html |url-status=live }}</ref> – <span style=color:#090>timbo</span> | website = {{URL|jambiprov.go.id}} }} '''Propinsi Jambi''' ima maringanan di pulo [[Sumatera]], [[Indonesia]]. Huta sabungan ni propinsi on ima [[Kota Jambi]]. Godang ni ruas Jambi on taon 2026 i ma 3.811.660 halak.<ref name="JAMBI">{{cite web|url=https://jambi.bps.go.id/id/publication/2026/02/27/2dadf1db028028730dae8c78/provinsi-jambi-dalam-angka-2026.html|title=Provinsi Jambi Dalam Angka 2026|website=jambi.bps.go.id|pages=87, 291-292|publisher=BPS|accessdate=1 Maret 2026|format=PDF}}</ref> == Gubernur == {| class="wikitable" style="background:#ffffef; float:center; text-align:center" ! No. ! Potret ! Gubernur ! Mulai menjabat ! Akhir menjabat ! Potret ! [[Wakil Gubernur Jambi|Wakil Gubernur]] ! Periode |- ! style="background:#D3D3D3; color:black"| 10 | [[Ugasan:Gubernur Jambi Al Haris.jpg|100px]] | [[Al Haris]] | 7 Juli 2021 | [[Daftar gubernur dan wakil gubernur di Indonesia|Petahana]] | [[Ugasan:Wagub Jambi Abdullah Sani.jpg|100px]] | [[Abdullah Sani]] | 12 <br/><small> ([[Pemilihan umum Gubernur Jambi 2020|2020]]) |} == Demograpi == === Suku === [[Ugasan:FESTIVAL TUDUNG LINGKUP (2).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Pestipal Tudung Lingkup di Kota Jambi Seberang]] Sian data Sensus Penduduk Indonesia 2000, BPS manurat angka suku na adong di Propinsi Jambi ima halak Jambi (asingni Melayu Jambi) 1.102.628 halak manang 45,81% sian 2.407.166 halak. Halak Jambi on ima astuanna suku [[Halak Jambi|Jambi]] bahatna 834.504 halak mamang 34,67%, dung i suku [[Halak Kerinci|Kerinci]] bahatna 254.125 halak (10,56%) dohot suku [[Halak Batin|Batin]] bahatna 13.999 halak (0,58%).<ref name="SENSUS2000">{{cite web|url=https://jambi.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTEwNyMy/penduduk-menurut-wilayah-administrasi-dan-suku-bangsa.html|title=Penduduk Menurut Wilayah Administrasi dan Suku Bangsa|website=jambi.bps.go.id|year=2000|accessdate=16 November 2024}}</ref> Dung i [[Badan Pusat Statistik]] (BPS) dibagasan Sensus Penduduk Indonesia 2010, bahat ni ruas ima 3.069.768 halak. Halak Melayu Jambi, Kerinci, Batin, Penghulu dohot Pindah bahatna 1.337.521 jiwa atau 43,57%.<ref name="SENSUS2010">{{Cite web|url=http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|title=Kewarganegaraan Suku Bangsa, Agama, Bahasa 2010|website=demografi.bps.go.id|publisher=[[Badan Pusat Statistik]]|year=2010|format=PDF|accessdate=16 November 2024|pages=23, 36-41|archive-date=2017-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712140438/http://demografi.bps.go.id/phpfiletree/bahan/kumpulan_tugas_mobilitas_pak_chotib/Kelompok_1/Referensi/BPS_kewarganegaraan_sukubangsa_agama_bahasa_2010.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Halak Jawa bahatna 893.156 halak (29,10%), halak[[Suku Melayu|Melayu]] asingni Melayu Jambi bahatna 164.979 halak (5,37%), dungi Minangkabau bahatna 163.760 (5,33%), halak Batak 106.249 (3,46%), Banjar 102.237 (3,33%), Bugis 96.145 (3,13%), Sunda 79.203 (2,58%), sian [[Sumatera Selatan]] 57.663 (1,88%), Tionghoa 37.246 (1,21%) dohot naasing na 31.609 (1,04%).<ref name="SENSUS2010"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%;" |- |+'''Suku bangsa di propinsi Jambi taon 2000 dohot 2010''' |- style="background-color:#cfc;" !rowspan="2"|No !rowspan="2"|Suku !colspan="2"|Sensus 2000<ref name="SENSUS2000"/> !colspan="2"|Sensus 2010<ref name="SENSUS2010"/> |- !style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Bahatna !style="background:#FFFFC0;" |% !style="background:#E0F0FF;" |Bahatna !style="background:#FFFFC0;" |% |- | 1 | Halak Jambi ! style="text-align: right;" | 1.102.628 ! style="text-align: right;" | 45,81% ! style="text-align: right;" | 1.337.521 ! style="text-align: right;" | 43,57% |- | 2 | [[Halak Jawa|Jawa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 664.931 | style="text-align: right;" | 27,62% | style="text-align: right;" | 893.156 | style="text-align: right;" | 29,10% |- | 3 | [[Halak Melayu|Melayu]] (asingni [[Halak Jambi|Melayu Jambi]]) | style="text-align: right;" | 124.004 | style="text-align: right;" | 5,15% | style="text-align: right;" | 164.979 | style="text-align: right;" | 5,37% |- | 4 | [[Halak Minangkabau|Minangkabau]] | style="text-align: right;" | 131.609 | style="text-align: right;" | 5,47% | style="text-align: right;" | 163.760 | style="text-align: right;" | 5,33% |- | 5 | [[Halak Batak|Batak]] | style="text-align: right;" | 64.959 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,70% | style="text-align: right;" | 106.249 | style="text-align: right;" | 3,46% |- | 6 | [[Halak Banjar|Banjar]] | style="text-align: right;" | 83.458 | style="text-align: right;" | 3,47% | style="text-align: right;" | 102.237 | style="text-align: right;" | 3,33% |- | 7 | [[Halak Bugis|Bugis]] | style="text-align: right;" | 62.185 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,58% | style="text-align: right;" | 96.145 | style="text-align: right;" | 3,13% |- | 8 | [[Halak Sunda|Sunda]] | style="text-align: right;" | 64.102 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,66% | style="text-align: right;" | 79.203 | style="text-align: right;" | 2,58% |- | 9 | sian [[Sumatera Selatan]] | style="text-align: center;" | - | style="text-align: center;" | - | style="text-align: right;" | 57.663 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,88% |- | 10 | [[Tionghoa-Indonesia|Tionghoa]] | style="text-align: right;" | 32.643 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,36% | style="text-align: right;" | 37.246 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,21% |- | 11 | Naasingna | style="text-align: right;" | 76.647 | style="text-align: right;" | 3,18% | style="text-align: right;" | 31.609 | style="text-align: right;" | 1,04% |- ! colspan=2 | Propinsi Jambi ! style="text-align: right;" | 2.407.166 ! style="text-align: right;" | 100% ! style="text-align: right;" | 3.069.768 ! style="text-align: right;" | 100% |- |} == Pustaha == {{Reflist|3}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Propinsi di Indonesia]] n6tyslo5fn8o1lktew7eqtt344lcuep 0 2765 18269 15983 2026-08-22T14:04:30Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hata Poda''' i ma sada parhataan na dipangke angka [[datu]] sanga manggurit di [[pustaha]]. Ragam hata Poda on marbingkas sian dialek na robi ni [[Hata Batak|hata Batak Dangsina]] jala godang do padohan ni [[hata Malayu]] na dipangke di hata Poda on.<ref>Uli Kozok.2009.''Surat Batak: Sejarah Perkembangan Tulisan Batak''.Jakarta: KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia), alaman 16</ref> == Ragam Hata Poda == On ma pigapiga pandohan na somal dipangke di pustaha.<ref>''Ibid'', alaman 16</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Hata Poda !! Hata Batak Toba !! Hata Malayu |- | jaha || molo || ''jika'' |- | purba || habinsaran || ''timur'' |- | dongan || dohot || ''dengan'' |- | turun || tuat, susur || ''turun'' |- | inon || on || ''ini'' |- | lobe || jolo || ''dulu'' |- | bajik || uli || ''bajik'' |- | dumatang || ro || ''datang'' |- | da-(''pasif'') || di- || ''di-'' |- |} == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{parhataan-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parhataan]] [[Horong:Batak]] imc64m338yehncc92hlrm5mnu41ed0u 0 2844 18435 16392 2026-08-22T16:43:45Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18435 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Pandanus Furcatus.jpg|thumb|250px|Suansuanan pandan antunu di [[Dehradun]], [[India]].]] [[Ugasan:Pandanus furcatus 142-8671.jpg|thumb|250px|Gombar ni rupa pandan antanu.]] '''Pandan antunu''' ([[goar binomial]]: ''Pandanus furcatus Roxb.''), dijou do pe ''cangkuang'' manang ''pandan kowang'' i ma sada suansuanan sian [[Sikkim]] [[Himalaya]] di luat [[India Irisanna]], [[Bhutan]], dohot [[Nepal]], [[Malaisia]], [[Indonesia]] tarlumobi di [[Jawa]] dohot [[Sumatera]]<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=26406 Pandanus furcatus Roxb], GRIN-Global. (n.d.), dibungka di ari 17 April 2026 </ref>, jala luat [[Aprika Hasundutan]]. Tubu do pandan antanu on di nangkohan na lembab di antara 300 meter sahat tu 1.500 meter do timbona. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Suansuanan-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] tp2ws0jmvob6m6xpj9ke9nkjay7c7md 0 2904 18356 16703 2026-08-22T15:58:30Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18356 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Flag of Angola.svg|thumb|Mandera ni Angola]] [[Ugasan:Emblem of Angola.svg|thumb|Partanda ni Angola]] '''Angola''' , goar resmina '''Republik Angola''', i ma sada nagara na maringanan di [[Aprika|Banua Aprika]], tarlumobi di bariba dangsina ni Aprika. Angola on gabe nagara na [[marhata Portugis]] (''Lusophone'') na gumodang paduahon di partibi on, molo diida sian bidang ni luatna dohot bilangan ni jolmana jala gabe na.gumodang papituhon di Banua Aprika. Huta sabungan ni Angola maringanan di [[Luanda]]. {{Aprika-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Nagara]] [[Horong:Aprika]] jza4uewp9ja8lsdxzr1d4qf3jijxjc7 0 2905 18134 17473 2026-08-22T13:20:17Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Jolma|ᯐᯬᯞ᯲ᯔ}} [[File:Akha cropped hires.JPG|thumb|Jolma [[baoa]] (hambirang) dohot [[borua]] (siamun) natoras sian [[Halak Akha]] di [[Thailand]] utara. Na baoa i do na mamboan batang ni suan-suanan [[pisang]], na laho lehononna tu [[babi]] nasida.]] <!--Ndang adong templatna {{speciesbox | authority = [[Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]] | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|0.3|0}} [[Chibanian]] – [[Holocene|present]] | image = Akha cropped hires.JPG | image_caption = [[Male]] (left) and [[female]] (right) [[adult]] humans of the [[Akha people]] in northern [[Thailand]]. The male is carrying the stem of a [[Musa (genus)|banana-plant]], which will be fed to their [[pigs]]. | image2 = Crying newborn baby.ogg | image2_caption = Audio of a newborn [[baby]] crying, the most universally produced human vocal signal | name = Human | range_map = World Population Density Map 2020.png | range_map_caption = ''Homo sapiens'' population density (2020) | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = <ref>{{cite iucn |author=Global Mammal Assessment |year=2008 |title=''Homo sapiens'' |volume=2008 |article-number=e.T136584A4313662 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136584A4313662.en |access-date=8 May 2026}}</ref> | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | taxon = Homo sapiens }}--> '''Jolma''' manang '''manisia''' ('''''Homo sapiens'''''; Hata Indonesia: ''Manusia'') i ma sada sian [[spesies]] [[primata]] na gumondang lonsamna jala tarserak di sandok portibi. Jolma ditanda marhite kemampuanna [[bipedalisme|mardalan denggal]], ndang marimbulu, jala utok na balga huhut kompleks na mambahen boi pangambangon [[abahan]], [[hata]], dohot [[tehnologi]] na sanggih. Jolma i ma namanggulmit na mansai sosial. Nasida sundung mangolu di [[struktur sosial]] na kompleks na tardiri sian godang punguan na rap mangula jala marsiadu, mulai sian [[tondong]] dohot [[patuturan]] huhut [[nagara]] politik. [[Interaksi sosial]] antar jolma nunga manumpa marragam nilai, [[paradaton (sosiologi)|paradaton sosial]], dohot [[ritual]] na margogogihon [[natorop]] ni jolma. [[Hagioton mamboto]] ni jolma laho mangantusi dohot manghorhon humaliangna nunga mangonjar pangambangon ni [[risa]], [[ugamo]], [[mitologi]], dohot bidang [[parbinotoan]] na asing. Jolma mampuna [[korteks prefrontal]], i ma bagian sian utok na mardomu tu [[kognisi]] tingkat na tumimbo, na balga jala na mansai marhambang. Nasida i ma namanggulmit na pistar, boi [[memori episodik|mangingot angka na masa]], boi manuduhon [[ekspresi ni bohi]] na fleksibel, manampuna [[hasunggulon diri]], jala boi manuduhon [[teori ni pingkiran]]. Bisuk ni jolma boi mangulahon [[introspeksi]], mambahen [[pingkiran]] pribadina, [[anganangan|maranganangan]], mambahen [[harohaon]], dohot manumpa pandapotna mandok [[eksistensi]]. Marondolan tu son, hamajuon tehnologi boi masa marhite [[panalaran]] dohot transmisi parbinotoan tu angka sundut na mangihut. Jolma i ma binatang [[omnivora]], na boi manganhon ragam ni suansuanan dohot binatang. Jolma do pe boi mamangke [[api]] laho mangarade dohot [[mangalompa]] sipanganon mulai sian tingki ni ''[[Homo erectus]]''. Boi do nasida mangolu sahat tu ualu minggu molo ndang mangan jala tolu manang opat ari molo ndang inum aek. Umumna jolma i aktip di tonga ari ([[diurnal]]) jala modom rata-rata pitu sahat tu sambilan jom sadari. Marmara do [[parsorang ni dakdanak]] ni jolma, godang do resiko ni komplikasi dohot hamatean na diadopi ni inanta dohot anakna. Somalna, ina dohot ama do na mangaradoti dakdanak ni jolma na so margogo i di tingki tubuna. [[Gen]] dohot [[humaliang (biopisik)|humaliangna]] boi manghorhon [[Variabilitas ni jolma|variasi biologis ni jolma]] taringot tu [[penampilan pisik ni jolma|penampilanna]], [[pisiologi]]na, [[sistim imun]]itasna, [[Hamaloon ni jolma|hamaloon mentalna]], [[Timbo pamatang ni jolma|ungkuran pamatangna]], dohot [[Aropan ngolu|umurna]]. Nang pe marragam parange ni jolma, alai dua jolma rata-ratana marbagi lobi sian 99% hadoson genetik, dohot populasi na paling marragam genetikna i ma na ro sian [[Aprika]]. Tingkat variasi genetik na umbalga tardapot di antara baoa dohot borua. Rata-rata, baoa do na gumodang [[hagogoon pisik|gogo pamatangna]], jala borua umumna gumodang do persentase ni [[luslus adiposa|lemak ni dagingna]]. Borua boi mangahap [[menopause]] jala boi gabe [[hol]] pigapiga pulu taon andorang so marujung ngoluna, alai laos ganjang do umur ni nasida sian hampir ganup pangisi ni portibi on. Parbagian ni [[peran gender]] ni baoa dohot borua nunga marragam sasara historis, jala tantangan tu norma-norma gender na dominan nunga diulahi di godang masyarakat. [[Epolusi ni jolma|Jolma marepolusi]] sian [[hominin]] na asing di Aprika pigapiga juta taon na salpu. Nang pe adong pigapiga namalo na mandok "jolma" i sarupa tu sude ruas ni genus ''[[Homo]]'', alai pamakean umum pandok on umumna mardomu tu ''Homo sapiens'', sada-sadana ruas spesies na mangolu. ''Homo sapiens'' [[Jolma moderen na parjolo|muncul]] hira-hira 300.000 taon naung salpu jala mangaranto sian Aprika. Lam leleng, nasida manggantihon populasi lokal ni jolma na parjolo. Jolma na parjolo mangolu marhite [[Pangiran-pandimpu|mangiran dohot mangandimpuhon sipanganon]]. Dung i, [[Repolusi Neolitik|dipahembang nasida ma parumaon]] dohot [[patubuhon binatang]] na mangarahon tu parhutaan na hot di [[Bulan Sabit Subur]] dohot angka [[inganan tubu ni paradaban]] na asing. Ala kelebihan ni sipanganon mambahen populasi jolma gabe [[partubuon populasi|lam godang]] jala [[urbanisasi|lam sosot]], marhambang ma angka bentuk [[pangomgoman]], gabe ringkot ma pangkeon ni [[manurat|surat]], jala pigapiga [[paradaban]] timbul jala tompas. Torus do martamba jolma, lobi sian 8,3 miliar halak mangingani hampir sude luat di portibi on di taon 2026. == Hata dohot komunikasi == [[Hata]] i ma sada sian hagogoon na mansai ringkot di jolma. Marhite hata, jolma boi pasahathon pingkiran, parbinotoan, roha, dohot pangalaman tu halak na asing. Hata mambahen jolma boi marsiurupan, marsiulaon rap, jala mangulahon angka ulaon marsiurupan di bagasan masyarakat. Marhite hata dohot komunikasi, jolma pe boi mangajarkon parbinotoan, paradaton, dohot nilai-nilai tu sundut na mangihut. Hagogoon on ma na mambahen jolma boi mangambanghon ilmu, mambahen aturan, jala mangulahon panggulmit ni paradaban sian tingki tu tingki.<ref name=":0">https://doi.org/10.55909/jpbs.v4i6.976</ref> Salian sian hata na dihatai, jolma pe mamangke surat, partinandaan, gombaran, dohot simbol laho markomunikasi. Pangkeon ni surat gabe sada sian hamajuon na mansai ringkot di bagasan paradaban ni jolma. Marhite surat, parbinotoan, turiturian, uhum, pustaha, dohot angka hasil panalungtikan boi disimpan jala diturushon tu sundut na mangihut. Hagogoon on mambahen jolma boi marsiajar sian angka na masa jala mangambanghon parbinotoan na imbaru.<ref name=":0" /> Di tingki saonari, hamajuon [[tehnologi]] nunga mangubah godang angka dalan markomunikasi ni jolma. Marhite internet dohot media digital, jolma boi marsiulaon, marbagi barita, marsiajar, jala marhobas rap dohot halak na adong di luat na dao. [[Tehnologi]] pe mambahen parbinotoan lam mudah didapot jala diparhatop tu godang jolma. Alai, pangkeon tehnologi ingkon dibarengi dohot tanggung jawab asa barita na dipasahat i sintong, boi diparcaya, jala ndang mangaleai halak na asing.<ref>Peran Tradisi Lisan Mitos Tona dan Poda dalam Mewariskan Budaya dan Kearifan Lokal Pada Masyarakat Batak Toba1 (Role of Oral Tradition Myth of Tona and Poda in Inheriting Local Culture and Wisdom in Toba Batak Communities)</ref> Hagogoon ni jolma mamangke hata dohot markomunikasi gabe sada sian dalan na mansai ringkot di hamajuon paradaban. Marhite hata, jolma boi mangarimpun parbinotoan, mangajari angka na imbaru, jala mangalehon pangarantoan tu halak na asing. Hata pe mambahen angka nilai, paradaton, ugamo, seni, dohot turiturian boi dipartahathon sian sada sundut tu sundut na mangihut. Ala ni i, hata ndang holan gabe parange markomunikasi, alai gabe sada sian ojahan na mangojakhon hamajuon ni parbinotoan, kebudayaan, dohot hangoluan sosial ni jolma di sandok [[portibi]].<ref name=":0" /> Nang pe marragam hata dohot budaya ni jolma di sandok portibi, sude jolma mampuna hagogoon dasar na sarupa laho marsiajar, markomunikasi, jala marbagi parbinotoan tu halak na asing. == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{stub}} [[Horong:Jolma]] 5c7izxp6371o0fbks2mq8iitug4drkr 0 2909 18263 17475 2026-08-22T14:04:21Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Hangoluan|ᯂᯝᯬᯞᯮᯀᯉ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Coral reef... South end of my area (14119221571).jpg|thumb|Marragam rumang ni ngolu di sada [[harang]]]] <!-- Ndang dibaen dope templatna {{Automatic taxobox | name = Life | fossil_range = {{Long fossil range|3770|0|earliest=4280}} [[Archean]] – [[Holocene|present]] (possible [[Hadean]] origin) | image = Coral reef... South end of my area (14119221571).jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | image_caption = Diverse forms of life on a [[coral reef]] | taxon = Life | subdivision_ranks = Domains, [[Supergroup (biology)|supergroups]] and other | subdivision = Life on Earth: * [[Cellular life]] ** [[Archaea]] ** [[Bacteria]] ** [[Eukaryota]] *** [[Amorphea]] <small>(including [[animal]]s and [[Fungus|fungi]])</small> *** [[CRuMs]] *** [[Discoba]] *** [[Metamonada]] *** [[Malawimonadida]] *** [[Ancyromonadida]] *** [[Hemimastigophora]] *** [[Provora]] *** [[Diaphoretickes]] **** [[Archaeplastida]] <small>(including [[plant]]s)</small> **** [[Cryptista]] **** [[Haptista]] **** [[SAR supergroup|TSAR]]?<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors=Strassert JF, Jamy M, Mylnikov AP, Tikhonenkov DV, Burki F | title=New Phylogenomic Analysis of the Enigmatic Phylum Telonemia Further Resolves the Eukaryote Tree of Life | journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume=36 | issue=4 | pages=757–765 | date=April 2019 | pmid=30668767 | pmc=6844682 | doi=10.1093/molbev/msz012 | veditors=Shapiro B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Yazaki|first1=Euki |last2=Yabuki|first2=Akinori |last3=Imaizumi |first3=Ayaka |last4=Kume |first4=Keitaro |last5=Hashimoto |first5=Tetsuo |last6=Inagaki |first6=Yuji |date=2022 |title=The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris |journal=Open Biology |volume=12 |issue=4 |article-number=210376 |doi=10.1098/rsob.210376 |doi-access=free|pmid=35414259 |pmc=9006020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Torruella |first1=Guifré |last2=Galindo |first2=Luis Javier |last3=Moreira |first3=David |last4=López-García |first4=Purificación |title=Phylogenomics of neglected flagellated protists supports a revised eukaryotic tree of life |journal=Current Biology |date=2025 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=198–207.e4 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2024.10.075 |bibcode=2025CBio...35..198T |biorxiv=10.1101/2024.05.15.594285 |hdl=10481/102343 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ***** [[Telonemia]] ***** [[SAR supergroup|SAR]] ****** [[Stramenopiles]] ****** [[Alveolata]] ****** [[Rhizaria]] **''[[Parakaryon]]'' (''[[incertae sedis]]'') ***''[[Parakaryon myojinensis]]'' * [[Non-cellular life]] ** [[Virus]]es{{efn|Viruses are strongly believed not to descend from a common ancestor, with each [[Realm (virology)|realm]] corresponding to separate instances of a virus coming into existence.<ref name="TaxVirExecComm-2020" >{{cite journal |author=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Executive Committee |date=May 2020 |title=The New Scope of Virus Taxonomy: Partitioning the Virosphere Into 15 Hierarchical Ranks |journal=[[Nature Microbiology]] |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=668–674 |doi=10.1038/s41564-020-0709-x |pmc=7186216 |pmid=32341570}}</ref>}} }} --> '''Hangoluan''' i ma [[materi]] na adong [[proses biologis]]na, songon na mangalehon siknal dohot hagogoon laho mangampini diri. Sasara deskriptipna, hangoluan boi dilapati hagogoonna mambahen [[homeostasis]], [[Struktur#Biologis|organisasi]], [[metabolisme]], [[Hasimburon ni sel|hasimburon]], [[adaptasi]], mananggapi [[rangsang (pisiologi)|rangsang]], dohot [[reproduksi]]. Sude hangoluan ujungna sahat tu [[hamatean]], jala ndang adong na [[hatongtongan|manongtong]]. Godang do pangantusion risa taringot tu [[sistim hangoluan]] naung diusulhon, misalna hangoluan i ma sistim na mangatur dirina sandiri. Mangalapati hangoluan lam rumit ala hamaradongon [[pirus]], na marreplikasi holan di bagasan sel [[inang (biologi)|inangna]], dohot kemungkinan [[hangoluan di hajanghajang]], na boi mansai marasing sian hangoluan di [[sogit]]. Hangoluan adong di sandok sogit, i ma di alogo, aek, dohot [[tano]], jala godang do [[ekosistem]] na mambaen [[biosper]]. Adong do sian i humaliang na jogal na diingani holan [[organisme ekstremofil]]. Hangoluan di sada ekosistem tartontu didok ma i ''biota''. Hangoluan nunga diparsiajari sian tingki na jolo, raphon sian teori-teori songon [[materialisme]] ni [[Empedokles]] na mandok molo hangoluan tardiri sian [[unsur na klasik|opat unsur na tongtong]], dohot [[hilomorpisme]] ni [[Aristoteles]] na mandok molo namanggulmit mangarihon [[tondi]] jala boi pamahason [[rupa (Plato)|rupa]] dohot [[materi]]. [[Asal mula ni hangoluan|Hangoluan marmula]] saotikna sian 3,5 miliar taon na salpu, na mamparbuehon sada [[sijolojolo tubu na sarupa]] di liat portibi on. Sijolojolo tubu on marhembang gabe sude [[spesies]] na adong nuaeng on, marhite godang spesies na nunga [[ripur]], adong do sian nasida na manadinghon jojak na mangrupa [[fosil]]. Pambahenan laho mangklasipikasihon angka namanggulmit nunga dipungka sian Aristoteles, alai klasipikasi na moderen dipungka sian sistem [[nomenklatur binomial]] ni [[Carl Linnaeus]] sian taon 1740-an. Na manggolu (i ma namanggulmit) tardiri sian [[biokimia|molekul biokimia]], na godanganna tartompa sian piga-piga [[unsur kimia]] inti. Sude na mangolu marisi dua ragam [[makromolekul]], i ma [[protein]] dohot [[asam nukleat]] (na somalna mangrupa [[DNA]] dohot [[RNA]]). Asam nukleat on ma na mamboan surirang na diporluhon di ganup spesies, padohot tudutudu laho mambahen ganup jenis protein. Protein pe ma gabe masin na mangulahon godang proses kimia di hangoluan. [[Sel (biologi)|Sel]] i ma unit struktural dohot fungsional ni hangoluan. Organisme na ummetmet, padohot [[prokariota]] ([[bakteri]] dohot [[arkea]]), tardiri sian sasada sel na metmet. Alai [[organisme]] na umbalga, tarlumobi [[eukariota]], boi do tardiri sian sada sel manang [[multiseluler|marsel na gok]] dohot struktur na lobi kompleks. Hangoluan holan diboto do adong di sogit, alai [[hangoluan di duru ni sogit]] [[Paradoks Fermi|didiphon betak]]. Saonari, [[hangoluan na dibahenan]] boi do disimulasi jala dijalahi angka napistar dohot insinyur . == Pustaha == {{Reflist}} {{stub}}{{Authority control}} h85o86u4hr8ur3tur1ellfdb30ita72 0 2912 18179 17134 2026-08-22T13:36:06Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Risa|ᯒᯪᯘ}} [[File:Le Penseur by Rodin (Kunsthalle Bielefeld) 2014-04-10.JPG|alt=Photo of Auguste Rodin's statue The Thinker|thumb|Patung ''[[Sang Pamingkir]]'', ulaon ni [[Auguste Rodin]], i ma tanda pamingkiran parisahon.<!--(dang adong do templatna)<ref>{{harvnb|Pratt|2023|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FCHMEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA4-PT31 169]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Morujão|Dimas|Relvas|2021|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ed5BEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA105 105]}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Mitias|2022|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=sORjEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3]}}</ref>-->|upright=1.1]] '''Risa''', didokhon do pe '''Pilsapat''' manang '''Pilosopi''' (sian [[Hata Gorik Matua]]: ''philosophía'' {{lit|holong ni roha tu habisuhon}}), i ma sada parsiajaran na sistematis taringot tu sungkunsungkun umum jala mandasor taringot tu topik songon [[hamaradongon]], [[parbinotoan]], [[bisuk]], [[angkal]], [[hata]], dohot [[nilai (etika dohot ilmu sosial)|nilai]]. Parsiajaron i ma sada unungunung na rasional jala kritis na mangarimangi metode dohot asumsina. Molo sian sejarahna, godang do ilmu marsadasada, songon [[pisika]] dohot [[psikologi]], na gabe bagian ni risa. Alai, di pangatusion nuaeng, angka ilmu on didophon songon disiplin ilmu akademik na marsirang. Hasomalon na marpanghorhon di [[turiturian ni risa]] i ma hasomalon [[Risa Pastima|Pastima]], [[Risa Silom|Arab-Persia]], [[Risa India|India]], dohot [[Risa Sina|Sina]]. Risa Pastima marmula sian Gorik Matua, jala manggohi marragam subbidang risa. Topik na sentral sian Risa Arab-Persia i ma partalian ni angkal dohot [[pangungkapon]]. Risa India padomuhon masala [[partondion]] taringot tu dalan laho mandapot [[Patiuron di Ugamo Buddha|patiuron]] dohot eksplorasi tu tihas ni hanataan dohot sara laho mandapothon parbinotoan. Molo Risa Sina tarmulobi marpokus tu parsoalan na turba taringot tu pangalaho sosial, pamarentaon, dohot [[pangambangon diri]]. Piga-piga ranting ni risa na surung i ma [[epistemologi]], [[etika]], [[logika]], dohot [[metapisika]]. Epistemologi mamparsiajari aha do parbinotoan i jala boha do asa boi didapothon. Etika manulingkiti prinsip-prinsip ni parange jala aha na marupahon parulaon na tigor. Logika i ma parsiajaran taringot tu [[panalaran na logis|panalaran na sintong]] jala mangalului songon dia do [[pandapot]] na denggan boi dibedahon sian pandapot na so denggan. Alai metapisika manguji pitur-pitur na paling torop sian [[hanataan]], [[hamaradongon]], [[objek (risa)|objek]], dohot [[bangko (risa)|bangko-bangkona]]. Subbidang ni risa na asing i ma [[estetika]], [[risa hata]], [[risa pingkiran]], [[risa ugamo]], [[risa ilmu]], [[risa etongan]], [[risa turiturian]], dohot [[risa politik]]. Di bagasan ganup rantingna, adong do angka [[aliran risa]] na marsaing mamporomosihon ragam ni prinsip, teori, manang metoda na. Marragam do metoda ni angka pande risa laho mandapothon parbinotoan harisahon. Angka metoda on mangungkupi [[panguhalan konseptual]], mangansanghon [[angkal na hipas]] dohot [[intuisi]], pangkeon ni [[eksperimen pamingkirion]], panguhalan [[hata siganup ari]], [[penomenologi (risa)|gombaran ni bitik]], dohot [[Sungkunsungkun Sokrates|sungkunsungkun na kritis]]. Risa marpardomuan tu godang bidang na asing, songon [[ilmu portibi]] dohot [[ilmu sosial]], [[etongan]], [[bisnis]], [[uhum]], dohot [[jurnalisme]]. Risa mangalehon perspektif [[interdisiplin]] ni ilmu dohot marpasiajari ruang lingkup huhut konsep-konsep na dasar sian bidang-bidang on. Risa pe manulingkiti metoda dohot implikasi etika na. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Parbinotoan]] fegp8csgqyv80lvpqm5cagimfgtt1ds 0 2914 18198 17874 2026-08-22T13:41:26Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiscript|Tehnologi|ᯖᯩᯂ᯲ᯉᯬᯞᯬᯎᯪ}} [[File:Dampfturbine Montage01.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|Sada [[turbin uap]] na mosar hungkupna, i ma sada tudosan ni [[teknologi energi]]]] '''Tehnologi''' i ma hahonaan [[model konseptual|parbinotoan konseptual]] laho mandapothon sipareakan na turba, tarlumobi marhite sara na boi diulahon muse.<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last=Skolnikoff |first=Eugene B. |year=1993 |title=The Elusive Transformation: Science, Technology, and the Evolution of International Politics |url=https://archive.org/details/elusivetransform0000skol |chapter=The Setting |page=[https://archive.org/details/elusivetransform0000skol/page/13 13] |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=0-691-08631-1 |jstor=j.ctt7rpm1 |quote=I find the most useful conceptual definition for this study to be that given by Harvey Brooks, who has defined technology{{nbsp}}...as 'knowledge of how to fulfill certain human purposes in a specifiable and reproducible way.'}}</ref> Hata "''tehnologi''" boi do muse marlapatan angka produk na dihasilhon sian pambahenan on,<ref>{{harvnb|Salomon|1984|pages=117–118}}: "The first pole, that of the naturalisation of a new discipline within the university curriculum, was presented by Christian Wolff in 1728, in Chapter III of the "Preliminary discourse" to his ''{{lang|la|Philosophia rationalisis sive Logica}}'': "Technology is the science of skills and works of skill, or, if one prefers, the science of things made by man's labour, chiefly through the use of his hands."</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Mitcham |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Mitcham |year=1994 |title=Thinking Through Technology: The Path Between Engineering and Philosophy |url=https://archive.org/details/thinkingthrought0000mitc_c3c2 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |isbn=0-226-53196-1}}</ref> manghamham ma i [[ulaula]] na manjadi songon [[panjama]] dohot [[masin]] nang pe ulaula na so manjadi songon [[parangkat na gamir]]. Tehnologi mansai ringkot do di bidang [[ilmu]], [[rekayasa]], dohot [[hangoluan siganup ari]].<ref>{{Cite web| title=The roles of science and technology in national development | url=https://directresearchpublisher.org/drjsses/files/2016/12/Anaeto-et-al1.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320172737/https://directresearchpublisher.org/drjsses/files/2016/12/Anaeto-et-al1.pdf | archive-date=2023-03-20}}</ref><ref name=":1">https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/tir2020_en.pdf Technology and Innovation report</ref> === Silsilah Hata dohot Lapatan === Hata '''Teknologi''' dibuat sian hata Yunani Kuno, ima ''“technologia”'' (τεχνολογία), na marbingkas sian dua hata: ''“techne”'' (τέχνη) na marlapatan ugasan, hapistaran, manang sahid, dohot ''“logos”'' (λόγos) na marlapatan hata, ilmu, manang parsiajaran. Secara umum, teknologi ima saluhut dalan, ugasan, hapistaran, dohot metode na dipangke manisia lao paturehon, padehathon, dohot papanghithon ngolu siganup ari.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://jurnaliptek.iti.ac.id/index.php/jii Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi]</ref> Di bagasan ilmu modern, teknologi ndada holan marrupahon mesin manang peranti keras (hardware), ala mencakup do muse metode, sistem, proses, dohot algoritma na dirancang lao mardengganhon angka masalah na adong di portibi on. Teknologi ima panompaon ni roha dohot pingkiran ni manisia na olo marpikir kritis lao mambahen ulaon gabe luhat, manguhumpok tingki, dohot pangke gogona asa lumonong.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://jtiik.ub.ac.id/index.php/jtiik Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer]</ref> === Teknologi di Bagasan Paradaban ni Manisia === Sian tingki na parjolo, manisia saluhutna mangalehon pingkiran lao mambahen peranti na ummura dipangke. Tingki parjolo, peranti sian batu na tajom dipangke lao mamonggol hau manang mambagihon jagal ni dahanon. Na on ma struktur parjolo ni teknologi na digoari teknologi Sederhana.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://e-jurnal.pnl.ac.id/teknologi Jurnal Teknologi]</ref> Siring dohot parjolo ni tingki, teknologi berkembang marhite Revolusi Pertanian, Revolusi Industri, sahoni sahat tu Revolusi Informasi dohot Digital. Teknologi gabe ojahan ni peradaban, ala saluhut sektor ngolu sian sipanganon, kesehatan, komunikasi, paturehon huta, sahat tu pendidikan sude marninggok di pangkeon ni teknologi.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[https://ojs.univsm.ac.id/index.php/INFOTECH Jurnal Teknologi dan Inovasi Digital]</ref> Panghorhon ni teknologi tu ngolu ni manisia mambawa dua bohi, ima dampak na denggan (positif) dohot dampak na roa (negatif). Di satu sisi, teknologi mambahen komunikasi dohot perdagangan (''e-commerce'') gabe murah dohot luhat, mambuka akses informasi, serta meningkatkan efisiensi industri. Namun di sisi asing, adong tantangan balga tudos tu kecanduan digital, ketergantungan tu media sosial, ancaman pengangguran struktural ala posisi ni manisia diganti oleh otomatisasi AI, kejahatan siber (''cybercrime''), dohot polusi sampah elektronik (''e-waste''). Menariknya, kebudayaan Batak Toba di humaliang ni Tao Toba nunga mampuna teknologi tradisional sian tingki na robi na sesuai dohot lingkungan alam serta filsafat ''Dalihan Na Tolu''. Contohna ima arsitektur Ruma Bolon na dirancang tanpa paku besi melainkan mamangke sistem pasak hau dohot tali ijuk, mambahen struktur rumai fleksibel dohot tahan terhadap gempa bumi. Selain i, adong teknologi tekstil tradisional di bagasan mambalbal dohot mantenun Ulos mamangke alat tenun ''anian'' dohot pewarna alami sian tumbuhan ''taum'' dohot kayu ''sepang'', serta teknologi pertanian hauma marhite irigasi tradisional (''marias'') dohot tenggala na ditarik orbo. Di era digital saonari, halak Batak Toba pe memanfaatkon teknologi informasi lao mambahen aplikasi kamus, preservasi Aksara Batak secara digital, dohot mempererat persatuan punguan marga di perantauan dohot di bona pasogit, na mambuktiroha bahwe teknologi ima perpanjangan tangan dohot pingkiran ni manisia na tergantung tu cara dohot niat ni manisia na mangpangkese.<ref>[https://ojs.univsm.ac.id/index.php/INFOTECH Jurnal Teknologi dan Inovasi Digital]</ref><!-- Dipabuni laho diterjemahon... Technological advancements have led to significant changes in society. The earliest known technology is the [[stone tool]], used during [[prehistory]], followed by the [[control of fire]]—which in turn contributed to the [[Brain size|growth]] of the [[human brain]] and the development of [[language]] during the [[Pleistocene|Ice Age]], according to the [[cooking hypothesis]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technological advancements have led to significant changes in society. {{!}} Thiru Murugan |url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/thiru-murugan-1b362b31a_snsinstitutions-snsdesignthinkers-designthinking-activity-7239857452509278208-7b_e |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=www.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> The invention of the [[wheel]] in the [[Bronze Age]] allowed greater travel and the creation of more complex machines. More recent technological inventions, including the [[printing press]], telephone, and the [[Internet]], have lowered barriers to communication and ushered in the [[knowledge economy]]. While technology contributes to [[economic development]] and improves human [[prosperity]], it can also have negative impacts such as [[pollution]] and [[resource depletion]], and can cause social harms like [[technological unemployment]] resulting from [[automation]]. As a result, philosophical and [[Politics and technology|political debates]] about the role and use of technology, the [[ethics of technology]], and ways to mitigate its downsides are ongoing.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-373932-2.00027-2 |chapter=Technology, Ethics of |title=Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics |date=2012 |last1=Braunack-Mayer |first1=A.J. |last2=Street |first2=J.M. |last3=Palmer |first3=N. |pages=321–327 |isbn=978-0-12-373932-2 }}</ref> --> ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Tehnologi|*]] [[Horong:Parbinotoan]] 0nf0xg4e8n3ugjjw3iwymgdq1ay9hzr 0 2919 18211 16856 2026-08-22T13:48:03Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Aljir|ᯀᯞ᯲ᯐᯪᯒ᯲}} [[Ugasan:Botanical Garden Hamma.jpg|thumb|upright|250px|Panatapan ni [[Porlak d'Essai du Hamma]] dohot [[Maqam Echahid]]]] '''Aljir''' ([[Hata Arab]]: الجزائر, ''Al-Jazā’ir'') i ma huta sabungan jala kota na umbalga ni [[Aljazair]]. Maringanan di topi ni [[Laut Tonga]], Aljir i ma pusok ni pamarenta, parsiajaran, parsigomgomon, dohot parsiajaran budaya di Aljazair. Goar ni Aljir ro sian hata Arab ''Al-Jazā’ir'' i ma lapatanna "pulo", alana di jolo ni huta on adong pigapiga pulo na jonok tu pasisir. Aljir nunga gabe sada sian huta na umbalga jala tarbarita di Aprika Utara. Di huta on adong godang bagas jolo, musium, taman, dohot bagas pamarenta na bolon. [[Jardin d'Essai du Hamma]] dohot [[Maqam Echahid]] i ma dua sian inganan na umbarita di huta on. [[Horong:Aljazair]] [[Horong:Huta sabungan ni nagara]] {{Afrika-stub}}{{Authority control}} q7tpl5psre4mcx843whwpo45rqf3dm1 0 2931 18505 17154 2026-08-22T18:34:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18505 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:2003_Events_Collage.png|thumb|2003]] Taon '''2003''' ima taon dua ribu tolu i parhalaan Gregorian manang parhalaan Masehi. == Parsorang == == Hamateon == == Analis == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Taon]] 77z8vzqp0kx233g2brztuupcw1hd8w8 0 2934 18495 17158 2026-08-22T17:13:10Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18495 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:1997_Events_Collage.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Sian hambirang, arah jarum jam: set film ''Titanic'', film na paling godang hepengna di sejarah di tingki i; ''Harry Potter dohot Batu Filsuf'' diterbithon; Komet Hale-Bopp mamolus Bumi dot manjadi salah sada komet na paling iparhatikon i abad pa-20 ; Alun-alun Bauhinia Emas, inganan kedaulatan Hongkong dipasahat sian [[Britania Godang|Inggris]] tu [[Sina|Republik Rakyat Tiongkok]] ; banjir Eropa Tengah mambunu 114 halak di Ceko, Polandia, dohot Jerman ; Penerbangan Udara Korea 801 madabu tingki ro [[udan]] na mansai doras di Guam, 229 halak mate; ''Mars Pencari Jalan'' dohot ''Tamu'' mendarat di Mars ; bunga na ditinggalhon di luar ni Istana Kensington dung monding Diana, Putri Wales, di kecelakaan mobil di Paris .]] '''1997''' i ma sada taon di bagasan [[Parhalaan Masehi|parhalaan Masehi]]. == Acara == === Januari === * Januari – Sistem Peringatan Darurat dipatandahon di [[Amerika Serikat]] . * Januari – [[Turki]] mangancam Siprus arani parjanjian manuhor rudal S-300 Rusia, na mambaen Krisis Rudal Siprus . * Januari – Pembunuhan Ennis Cosby : Jonok ni Jalan Raya 405 di Los Angeles, anak ni si Bill Cosby si Ennis ditembak di ulu di sada usaha perampokan na gagal. * Januari – Sada roket Delta II na mamboan muatan GPS militer meledak, ndang sadia leleng dung angkat sian Tanjung Canaveral . * Januari – I Rwanda barat laut, anggota milisi Hutu mambunu 6 alak pangurupion Spanyol dot tolu tentara, dot luka parah sada nai. * Januari – Yasser Arafat mulak tu Hebron sidung lobi tingon 30 taon, dot margabung i perayaan i penyerahan kota Tepi Barat na parpudi ikuasai Israel. (→ Parjanjian Hebron ) . * Januari – Madeleine Albright manjadi Sekretaris Negara dadaboru parjolo Amerika Serikat, sidung ikonfirmasi Senat Amerika Serikat . * Januari – VJTI marganti goarna sian Lembaga Teknik Jubileum Victoria gabe Lembaga Teknologi Veermata Jijabai di Mumbai. === Pebruari === * Pebruari 2019 ** Di pardalanan tu [[Libanon]], dua helikopter pengangkutan tentara Israel martabrakan, mate ma sude 73 halak na di kapal i. ** Dung parjolo martanding tu hasilna, Presiden [[Serbia]] mangakui hamonangan oposisi i Pilkada November 1996 . ** Gempa bumi 6,5 magnitudo manegai provinsi Khorasan Utara, Iran, mambahen 88 halak mate jala 1.948 halak luka. * Pebruari – Urusan garis pasir : Koran Australia manerbitkon carito bahaso pamarentah Papua Nugini madung mamboan tentara upahan tu Pulo Bougainville . * Pebruari – ''STS-82'' : Ulaon penyetelan dohot perbaikan Teleskop Antariksa Hubble dipungka angka astronot sian <nowiki><i id="mwjg">Penemuan</i></nowiki> Pesawat Antariksa . * Pebruari 2019 ** Tembak-menembak di Hollywood Utara : Dua halak perampok, mamangke baju bosi kevlar, jala marsinjatahon senapan Tipe 56S na dimodifikasi secara ilegal dohot majalah na markapasitas tinggi dohot senjata na asing, mambahen luka 20 halak polisi dohot warga sipil di parporangan senjata. Kejadian i mambahen tubu perdebatan taringot tu tenaga api na pas tu angka petugas patroli Amerika Serikat asa adong di situasi na sarupa tu joloan on. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="The material near this tag may contain information that is not relevant to the article's main topic. (April 2019)">pas?</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ** 1997 Memorandum militer Turki : Hinorhon ni rapot na dipatupa Dewan Keamanan Nasional, Angkatan Bersenjata Turki mangalehon sada memorandum laho mangadopsi kriteria na lobi sekuler. Di pudian ni ari, tanggal 18 Juni, mengundurkan diri ma pamarenta Turki ala adong tekanan. === Maret === * Maret - Presiden AS Bill Clinton mangorai pendanaan federal tu penelitian aha pe taringot tu kloning ni jolma . * Maret – I Sri Lanka, Harimau Tamil mangalo sada pangkalan militer dot mambunu lobi tingon 100 tentara Sri Lanka. * Maret – Rapper Amerika na tarbarita dibunu di Los Angeles . * Maret 2019 ** Zending Amal India mamillit Suster Nirmala, laho manggantihon Ibu Teresa gabe uluanna. ** Kongres Rakyat Nasional Republik Rakyat Tiongkok mambaen Kotamadya Chongqing na baru, tingon bagian Sichuan . * Maret – Urusan Garis Pasir : Di Pulo Bougainville di Papua Nugini, tentara ni komandan Jerry Singirok manangkup Tim Spicer dohot angka tentara upahanna sian Pasir Internasional . * Maret – Ihur ni pesawat piagam An-24 Rusia putus tingki di pardalanan tu Turki, mambahen pesawat i madabu, mate sude 50 halak na di kapal i, jala manghorhon tu darat sude An-24. * Maret – Di Zaire, Étienne Tshisekedi diangkat gabe pardana menteri; ibana mangusir pendukung Mobutu Sese Seko sian kabinetna. * Maret – Komet Hale–Bopp mandapothon Bumi. * Maret – Penghargaan Academy ke-69, na dihobasi Billy Kristal, dipatupa di Auditorium Kuil di Los Angeles, dohot ''Pasien Inggris'' na monang Film Terbaik . Tingki acara i, diluncurhon ma format DVD di Amerika Serikat. * – 26 Maret – Di San Diego, 39 halak kultus Gerbang Surgo bunuh diri secara massal di kompleks nasida. * Maret – Julius Chan mengundurkan diri manjadi perdana menteri Papua Nugini, efektif mangujungi urusan Garis Pasir . === April === * April – Pembantaian Thalit di [[Aljazair]] : sude kecuali 1 sian 53 penduduk Thalit dibunu gerilya. * april 2019 ** Marsigorgor ma api di sada parkemahan ni angka peziarah di Adaran Mena, {{Convert|11|km|mi}} sian Mokkah ; 343 mate. ** Diuhumi ma muse mantan Kapten SS; di ari 22 Juli diuhum ibana sampulu lima taon penjara. * April – Sungai Merah Utara mamolus tanggul dot mambanjir Grand Forks, Dakota Utara, dot Grand Forks Timur, Minnesota, mambaen US$200.&nbsp;miliar do hasesega. * April – Sada roket Pegasus mamboan bangke ni 24 halak tu orbit bumi, di panguburan luar angkasa parjolo dibahen parusahaan Celestis . * april 2019 ** Pembantaian Khemisti Haouch : 93 halak huta mate di [[Aljazair]] . ** Krisis sandera 126 ari di kediaman ni duta besar Jepang di Lima, Peru . * April – 42 halak huta mate di pembantaian Omaria di Aljazair. * april 2019 ** Organisasi Larangan Senjata Kimia (OPCW), parjanjian CWC mulai marlaku. ** Dua kereta api madabu di Hunan, Cina; 126 halak do na mate. === Mei === * Mei – Tony Blair manjadi Perdana Menteri Inggris, harana Partai Buruh monang i Pilkada umum Inggris 1997 dot mulak tu pamarentahan parjolo sakali i bagasan 18 taon. * Mei – Na 7,3 M Gempa bumi Qayen manegai Iran bagian timur dohot intensitas Mercalli maksimal X ( ''Ekstrim'' ). Saotikna 1.567 halak mate jala 2.300 halak luka. * Mei – IBM 's Deep Blue manaluhon Garry Kasparov i partandingan parpudi ni partandingan ulangan, parjolo sahali komputer manaluhon juara Dunia [[Satur|catur]] di sada partandingan. * Mei 2019 ** Ditandatangani ma Parjanjian Dame Rusia–Cenya . ** Sada halisungsung na marnilai F1 manegai pusat kota Miami, mambahen harugian na marharga 525.000 dolar AS. Gombar dohot video ni halisungsung on gabe barita na balga di liat portibi on. * Mei – Pamarentah Amerika Serikat mangakui adongna "Porang Rahasia" i Laos ( 1953 – 1975 ) i maso Porang Vietnam, dot mambaen Parningotan Laos manghormati alak Hmong dot veteran "Porang Rahasia" na lain. * Mei 2019 ** Porang Kongo Parjolo marujung tingki presiden Mobutu Sese Seko dibuang sian Zaire . ** Presiden Amerika Serikat Bill Clinton mangalehon permintaan maaf na resmi tu angka korban na mangolu sian Studi Tuskegee taringot tu Sifilis na So Dirawat di Baoa Negro dohot keluargana. * Mei – Pasukan Laurent Kabila marbaris tu Kinsasa . * Mei – Radiopaluahon Komputer OK . * Mei 2019 ** Monang do Mohammad Khatami di pamilu presiden Iran taon 1997 jala gabe presiden Reformis Iran parjolo . ** Masa ma kerusuhan di Banjarmasin, [[Indonesia]], mambahen saotikna 137 halak mate. * Mei – Kudeta militer di Sierra Leone mangganti Presiden Ahmad Tejan Kabbah gabe Mayor Johnny Paul Koroma . * Mei – Puting beliung na paopathon na paling mematikan di taon 1990-an masa di Jarrell, Texas, mambunu 27 halak jala mambahen sega na mansai balga di Perkebunan Double Creek. * Mei – Jembatan Konfederasi na ganjangna 13 kilometer, jembatan targanjang di portibi on na mangalintang aek na martutup es, dibuka antara Pulo Pangeran Edward dohot New Brunswick, Kanada. === Juni === * Juni 2019 ** Koalisi kiri Pusat na ipimpin Partai Sosialis monang i putaran padua i Pilkada Legislatif Perancis 1997, imulai dohot Kohabitasi patoluhon (1997–2002). ** Hugo Banzer monang Pilkada Presiden di [[Bolipia|Bolivia]] . * Juni - Di Denver, Colorado, si Timothy McVeigh diuhum ala 15 tuduhan pembunuhan dohot partahian ala peranna di pemboman kota Oklahoma taon 1995 . * Juni – Pamimpin Khmer Merah Pol Pot mamarentakon mambunu kepala partahanannia, Son Sen, dot 11 alak anggota kaluarga Sen, i jolo Pol Pot maporus tingon benteng utarania. * Juni – I Inggris Raya, Dewan Rakyat mamilih larangan total pistol tangan . * Juni – Juri manguhum mate alani bagianna di pemboman Kota Oklahoma taon 1995. * Juni – Sakitar 50 alak mate i pambantaian Daïat Labguer (M’sila) i Aljazair. * Juni – Asosiasi Basket Nasional Wanita ( WNBA ) marmain partandingan parjolo i Forum Barat Nagodang i Los Angeles . * Juni 2019 ** Sada letusan na godang sian gunung berapi Soufrière Hills di Pulo Montserrat mambahen evakuasi jala ujungna maninggalhon ibukota, Plymouth . ** Sada pesawat luar angkasa Progress M-34 na so marawak martabrakan dohot stasiun luar angkasa Rusia Mir. * Juni 2019 ** Bertie Ahern iangkat manjadi Taoiseach pa-10 tingon [[Republik Irlandia]] dot Mary Harney iangkat manjadi pa-16, dot dadaboru parjolo, Tánaiste, dung partai-partai ni alai, Fianna Fáil dot Demokrat Progresif masing-masing, monang Pilkada Umum 1997 . ** Penerbitan novel ''Harry Potter'' parjolo ni JK Rowling, ''Harry Potter dohot Batu Filsuf'', di London oleh Bloomsbury Publishing, i edisi 500 eksemplar. === Juli === * [[Sipaha opat|Juli]] – Banjir Eropa Tengah taon 1997 masa di sandok Polandia, Jerman, dohot Ceko. * [[1 Juli|Juli]] – Inggris menyerah kedaulatan jajahan Inggris i Hong Kong tu Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. * Juli – Bank Thailand mangambanghon baht, na mambahen masa krisis keuangan Asia . * Juli – Probe luar angkasa Pathfinder NASA mendarat di parmukaan Mars . * Juli 2019 ** Di Kamboja, Hun Sen sian Partai Rakyat Kamboja manungguli Norodom Ranariddh di bagasan sada kudeta . ** Kelompok Islam Mesir mangumumkon inisiatif mansohot kekerasan . * Juli – NATO mangontang Republik Ceko, [[Hungaria|Hongaria]], dot Polandia anso masuk tu aliansi i taon 1999 . * Juli – I London, para ilmuwan malaporkon temuan analisis DNA ni alai tingon kerangka Neanderthal, na mandukung teori evolusi ni jolma kaluar Afrika, manempatkon sada " Hawa Afrika " i 100.000 sampe 200.000 taon nasolpu. * Juli – Kebakaran Hotel Royal Jomtien Resort di Pattaya, kebakaran hotel terburuk di [[Thailand]], mambunu 90 halak. * Juli – Bangke ni Che Guevara dipaulak tu Kuba laho ditanom, rap dohot pigapiga donganna. Guevara dot dongannia iukum mate i tanggal 9 Oktober 1967 i [[Bolipia|Bolivia]] . * Juli – Pembunuh spree Andrew Cunanan manembak perancang busana Gianni Versace mate di luar kediaman ni Versace di Pantai Miami . * Juli – Perusahaan FW Woolworth ditutup dung 117 taon marusaha. * 25 Juli – KR Narayanan marsumpah manjadi presiden India pa-10 dot anggota parjolo tingon kasta Dalit na maniop jabatan on. * Juli – Sekitar 50 halak mate di pembantaian Si Zerrouk di Aljazair. * Juli – 18 halak mate ala longsor Thredbo di resort Gunung Salju di Australia. === Agustus === * Agustus – Antara 40 dot 76 alak kampung mate i pambantaian Oued El-Had dot Mezouara i Aljazair. * 3 – 11 Agustus – Dua sian tolu pulo Uni Komoro – Anjouan dohot Mohéli – marusaha mulak tu pamarentahan penjajahan ni Perancis. Rencana i gagal atia pamarentah Perancis Presiden Jacques Chirac inda ra manjajah alai, na manghasilkon dua pulo on ipasukkon muse tu Komoro i bagasan dua taon na mangihut. * Agustus – Jeanne Calment, alak na paling tobang na tarverifikasi na pernah mangolu, maninggal i umur 122 taon 164 ari. * Agustus – Penerbangan Udara Korea 801 jatuh mendarat di barat Bandara Internasional Guam, manghorhon hamatean ni 228 halak. * Agustus – Serial komedi televisi animasi Trey Parker dot Matt Stone, ''Taman Selatan'', mulai disiarkon dohot episode parjolo, ''Cartman Dapot Sondi Dubur'', i Komedi Pusat . * Agustus – Lobi sian 60 halak mate, 15 halak diculik di pembantaian Souhane di Aljazair. * Agustus 2019 ** 60–100 halak mate di pambantaian Beni Ali di Aljazair. ** Komisi Internasional Mandiri taringot tu Pambongkaran dipajongjong di Irlandia Utara, songon bagian ni proses pardamean . * Agustus 2019 ** Lobi sian 98 (jala mungkin sahat tu 400) mate di pembantaian Rais di Aljazair. ** Dipajongjong songon layanan penyewaan DVD marhite surat. * Agustus – Monding Diana, Putri Wales : Diana, Putri Wales, diboan tu rumah sakit dung kecelakaan mobil ndang sadia leleng dung tonga borngin, di terowongan dalan Pont de l’Alma di Paris. Dipaboa do ibana mate pukul 4.00 .&nbsp;am. === September === * September – Peraturan Dublin taringot tu parlakuan ni permohonan hak suaka di toru ni uhum Uni Eropa parjolo sahali marlangku. * September 2019 ** Lobi sian 87 halak mate di pembantaian Beni Messous di Aljazair. ** [[Komite Olimpiade Internasional]] mamillit Atena, Yunani, gabe kota tuan rumah ni Olimpiade Musim Panas 2004 . * September – Pemakaman Diana, Putri Wales, tarjadi i Biara Westminster, London, Inggris, ditonton lobi tingon dua miliar alak i sude dunia. * September – Skotlandia mamillit Parlemen na markuasa, mambaen Parlemen Skotlandia inda tingon dua taon salaosna. ** Television series, ''Melangkah di Atas Awan'' was aired by Indonesian private television station, Indosiar . I ma sada serial TV parpudi sian Ryan Hidayat, na maninggal di ari 8 Pebruari 1997, andorang so disiarhon serial TV i. * September – Pilkada Parlemen Norwegia dipatupa di [[Norwegia]] . * September 2019 ** Al-Qaeda mambahen serangan teroris di Mostar, Bosnia dohot Herzegovina . ** Wales mamilih mendukung devolusi dot pembentukan Majelis Nasional tu Wales . * September – 53 halak mate di pembantaian Guelb El-Kebir di Aljazair. * September 2019 ** Tentara Keselamatan Islam, habong marsenjata ni Front Keselamatan Islam, manyatakan gencatan senjata sepihak di Aljazair. ** Olaf, sada gareja batu sian abad 16 di Tyrvää, [[Pinlandia|Finlandia]], ditutung. * September 2019 ** Penerbangan Garuda Indonesia 152 madabu tingki mandapothon [[Kota Medan|Medan]], [[Sumatera Utara]], tingki halisungsung Asia Tenggara taon 1997, mambahen mate sude 234 halak na di kapal i. On ma na gabe kecelakaan penerbangan na paling mematikan di sejarah Indonesia. ** Gempa bumi masa di luat Italia Umbria dohot Marche, mambahen sebagian Basilika St. * September 2019 ** Program TV hiburan na menyatu olahraga SASUKE dimulai di TBS di Jepang. === Oktober === * Oktober – Lukas Woodham mardalan masuk tu SMA Pearl di Pearl, Mississippi jala manembak, mambunu dua anak boru, dung mambunu inongna di manogot ni ari i. * Oktober – Ilmuwan Inggris Moira Bruce dot John Collinge, dohot dongan-dongan ni alai, sacara mandiri patuduhon molo bentuk varian na baru sian sahit Creutzfeldt-Jakob ima sahit na sarupa dohot ensefalopati spongiform sapi . * Oktober – Presiden Paraguay, Juan Carlos Wasmosy, mamarentahon asa ditangkup alo politikna Lino Oviedo . * Oktober – Bencana udara tarburuk i Uruguay tarjadi i maso Penerbangan Austral Líneas Aéreas 2553 madabu donok Nuevo Berlin, mambaen mate sude 74 alak na adong di kapal i. * Oktober – Pembantaian Sidi Daoud : 43 halak mate di sada penghalang dalan palsu di Aljazair. * Oktober 2019 ** Andy Green mambaen rekor kecepatan darat supersonik parjolo tu tim ThrustSSC, na ipimpin Richard Noble tingon Inggris. 1.227,985 .&nbsp;km/jam (763,035&nbsp;jam). ** NASA maluncurkon probe Cassini-Huygens tu Saturnus. * Oktober – Foto warna na parjolo tarida di halaman parjolo ni ''majalah The New York Times'' . * Oktober – Bangke Che Guevara dikuburhon dohot kehormatan militer na gok di makam na dibangun khusus di kota Santa Clara, Kuba, i dia ibana nunga monang di parporangan na manontuhon Revolusi Kuba 39 taon andorang so i. * Oktober – Parjahat na malua sian Denmark Steen Christensen mangarampok Istana Hotel di Helsinki, Finlandia, mambunu dua polisi tingki menghindar asa unang ditangkup. * Oktober – Krisis pelucutan senjata Irak : Irak mandok mulai manembak pesawat pengawasan Lockheed U-2 na ipake ni inspektur UNSCOM. === Nopember === * Nopember – Badai Tropis na Parah Linda mangagohon [[Pietnam|Vietnam]] selatan dohot [[Thailand]], mambunu 3.275 halak. * Nopember – Berita BBC 24 madung maluncurkon saluran na baru pukul 17.30 WIB, dung panutupan parpudi dohot lagu kebangsaan parpudi Tuhan Paluahon Ratu, na tarjadi ira-ira pukul 2.57 pagi tu BBC Sada, mangihutkon parmonding ni Lady Diana Spencer . * Nopember – Perusahaan telekomunikasi DuniaKom dohot MCI Komunikasi mangumumhon 37 dolar AS&nbsp;miliar penggabungan laho mambahen MCI WorldCom, penggabungan na umbalga di sejarah AS. * Nopember – Mary McAleese tarpili manjadi Presiden Irlandia paualu marganti-ganti Mary Robinson, parjolo sakali i dunia sada dadaboru manggantikon alak na lain manjadi kapala negara tarpili . * Nopember – Ramzi Yousef didapot marsala ala dalang pemboman Pusat Perdagangan Dunia taon 1993 . * Nopember – Di Luxor, [[Misir|Mesir]], 62 halak mate dibahen 6 militan Islam di luar ni Kuil Hatshepsut . * Nopember – Di Des Moines, Iowa, Bobbi McCaughey manubuhon septuplets di kasus paduahon na binoto di na sude pitu posoposo i tubu mangolu, jala na parjolo di na sude martahan sian posoposo. * Nopember – Misi Pangukuran Curah Udan Tropis NASA diluncurhon, parmulaan ni komponen satelit Awan dohot Sistem Energi Berseri Bumi . === Desember === * Desember – Di negara bagian India Bihar, Ranvir Sena menyerang benteng Persatuan Partai IPK (ML) Lakshmanpur-Mandi, mambunu 63 halak kasta na tumoru * Desember – Di Ottawa (Kanada) wakil sian 121 negara manandatangani parjanjian na mangorai pambuatan dohot pangkeon ranjau darat anti-personil . Alai, Amerika Serikat, Republik Rakyat Cina, Rusia, Korea Selatan dohot 32 bangso na asing ndang mangoloi parjanjian i. * Desember – Ibu kota [[Kasakhstan|Kazakhstan]] dipindahon sian Almaty tu Astana . * Desember – Protokol Kyoto iadopsi komite [[Perserikatan Bangso-Bangso|PBB]] . * Desember – Microsoft marilis Windows 98 Beta 3. * Desember – Di [[Japang|Jepang]], lobi sian 700 dakdanak hona serangan epilepsi peka cahaya dung manonton sada episode ni anime Pokémon . * Desember 2019 ** Janet Jagan (mabalu Cheddi Jagan ) manjabat di [[Guyana]] . ** Penerbangan SilkAir 185 jatuh ke Sungai Musi, dekat Palembang Indonesia, 104 halak mate. ** ''Film Titanic'' ni si James Cameron dibahen di bioskop di Amerika Serikat. Gabe film na paopathon na marpanghasilan na umbalga sian sude tingki (disesuaihon tu inflasi). * Desember – Brasil manaluhon Australia 6-0 di final Piala Konfederasi FIFA . * 24 Desember – 50–1010 halak huta mate di pembantaian Sid El-Antri di Aljazair. * Desember – Pemimpin paramiliter setia Ulster Billy Wright dibunu di bagasan penjara Long Kesh di Irlandia Utara . * Desember – Hongkong mamungka mambunu sude manuk na adong di luatna (1.25&nbsp;juta) laho manundati pararaton ni virus Flu A subtipe galur H5N1 na boi pamatehon. * Desember – Pembantaian Wilaya Relizane tanggal 30 Desember 1997 : I kajadian tarburuk i pambarontakan Aljazair, 423 alak tingon opat desa i <nowiki><i id="mwA4Q">wilaya</i></nowiki> Relizane mate. == Hatutubu dohot hamatean . == == Hadiah Nobel == [[File:Nobel_medal.png|right|120x120px]] * Kimia – Paulus D. Boyer, Johannes E. * Ekonomi – Bank Swedia – . * Sastra – Dario Fo . * Dame – Kampanye Internasional laho Mangambati Ranjau Darat dohot Jody Williams * Fisika - Steven Chu, Klaude Kohen-Tannoudji, Wiliam D. * Ubat – Simanjuntak == Pustaha == {{Reflist}} == Pustaha ruar == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070102220022/http://www.time.com/time/reports/yir/1997/main.html 1997 Taon di Ulaon] – CNN . {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Taon]] 9502bqv4odu49t20rx5de0ws0fjbm4x 0 2938 18345 16915 2026-08-22T15:50:16Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18345 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|right|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll''' (tubu di Barranquilla, [[Kolombia]], 2 Februari 1977) ima sada parende Kolombia, na dijou ''Queen of Latin Music'' (Ratu ni Musik Latin).<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/andreazarczynski/2023/04/30/as-latin-music-booms-grammy-museum-honors-shakira/</ref> Ibana pe nunga godang mambahen ende na gabe tarbarita di portibi on. Umpamana: "Inevitable", "Whenever, Wherever", "La Tortura", "Hips Don't Lie", "Waka Waka", "Rabiosa", "La La La", "Chantaje", "Te Felicito", dohot "Dai Dai".<ref>https://www.billboard.com/lists/shakiras-top-songs-billboard-hot-100/</ref> == Diskografi == * ''Magia'' (1991) * ''Peligro'' (1993) * ''Pies Descalzos'' (1995) * ''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' (1998) * ''Laundry Service'' (2001) * ''Fijación Oral, Vol. 1'' (2005) * ''Oral Fixation, Vol. 2'' (2005) * ''She Wolf'' (2009) * ''Sale el Sol'' (2010) * ''Shakira'' (2014) * ''El Dorado'' (2017) * ''Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran'' (2024) == Pustaha == <references />{{Authority control}} ok8quauqszdxrw46573s0j8vpggkvfl 0 2951 18430 16988 2026-08-22T16:42:31Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik Kroasia | common_name = Kroasia | native_name = {{native name|hr|Republika Hrvatska}} | image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg | coa_size = 70 | anthem = {{lang|hr|[[Lijepa naša domovino]]}}<br />{{lang|en|"Our Beautiful Homeland"}}<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Lijepa nasa domovino instrumental.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[Ugasan:EU-Croatia (orthographic projection).png|frameless]] | upright=1.15|Show globe|[[Ugasan:EU-Croatia.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]] | Show map of Europe|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |subregion=the European Union | subregion_color=green}} | capital = [[Jagreb]] | coordinates = {{Coord|45|48|47|N|15|58|39|E|type:city}} | largest_city = | official_languages = Bahasa Kroasia | regional_languages = | languages_type = Sistem panuratan | languages = Latin | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list |91.6% [[Halak Kroasia|Kroasia]] | 3.2% [[Halak Serbia di Kroasia|Serbia]] | 5.2% asingna}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2021 | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; | {{Tree list}} * 87.4% [[Kristen]] ** 79.0% Katolik ** 3.3% Ortodoks ** 5.1% Kristen naasingna {{Tree list/end}} | 6.4% dang marugamo | 1.3% Islam | 1.9% asingna | 3.9% dang binoto<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/share-of-croats-in-croatia-increases-as-census-results-published/ |title=Share of Croats in Croatia increases as census results published |date=22 September 2022}}</ref>}} | religion_year = 2021 | demonym = {{hlist|[[Croat]]ian}} | government_type = [[Unitary parliamentary republic]] | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Kroasia|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Zoran Milanović]] | leader_title2 = [[Perdana Menteri Kroasia|Perdana Menteri]] | leader_name2 = [[Andrej Plenković]] | leader_title3 = Juru bicara | leader_name3 = [[Gordan Jandrokovik]] | legislature = [[Sabor]] | established_event8 = Ari haluaon Kroasia | established_date8 = 25 Juni 1991 | area_km2 = 56.561<ref name="Hrvatska-LZMK">{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/26390 |title=Hrvatska |trans-title=Croatia |encyclopedia=[[Croatian Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Lexicographic Institute Miroslav Krleža]] |access-date=2025-02-12}}</ref> | area_rank = pa-124 | area_sq_mi = 21.851 | percent_water = 1,09 | population_estimate = {{decrease}} 3.866.233<ref>{{cite web |url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/2025/hr/97253 |title=POPULATION ESTIMATE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA, 2024 |website=podaci.dzs.hr |date=29 Agustus 2025 |access-date=2026-01-12}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2024 | population_estimate_rank = pa-128 | population_census = {{decrease}} 3,871,833<ref name="Census 2021">{{Croatian Census 2021|M}}</ref> | population_census_year = 2021 | population_census_rank = pa-128 | population_density_km2 = 68.4 | population_density_rank = pa-152 | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $207.40&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEOHRV">{{Cite web |date=15 April 2026 |title=Croatia Datasets |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/HRV |access-date=15 April 2026 |website=International Monetary Fund (IMF)}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = pa-81 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $54.359<ref name="IMFWEOHRV" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = pa-40 | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $116.57&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEOHRV" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = 71st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $30.030<ref name="IMFWEOHRV" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = pa-46 | Gini = 30.0 | Gini_year = 2026 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="worldpopulationreview">{{cite web |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/gini-coefficient-by-country |title=Gini Coefficient by Country 2026 |publisher=World Population Review |access-date=2026-01-12}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.889 | HDI_rank = pa-41 | HDI_year = 2023 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=2025-05-06 |access-date=2025-05-06 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = +2 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Croatia|+385]] | patron_saint = [[St. Joseph]]<ref name="Hrvatski sabor – Povijest">{{cite web |url=http://www.sabor.hr/sv-josip-zastitnik-hrvatske-domovine |access-date=2018-03-10 |title=Hrvatski sabor – Povijest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306022924/http://www.sabor.hr/sv-josip-zastitnik-hrvatske-domovine |archive-date=2018-03-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | cctld = [[.hr]] dohot [[.eu]] }} '''Kroasia''' manang ''Republik Kroasia, ima sada bangso na adong di Eropa. Huta sabungan manang ibukota ni Kroasia maringanan di [[Jagreb]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Eropa]] iufzl5achbk46plks469chtkoyloira 0 3003 18188 17096 2026-08-22T13:41:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Young grasshopper on grass stalk02.jpg|thumb|Sihapor]] '''Sihapor''' manang ''Belalang'' di [[hata Indonesia]]. i ma sada serangga na masuk tu horong ''[[orthoptera]]'' jala ditanda marhite patna na di pudi na boi gogo mangalumpat. Somalna sihapor mangolu di jampalan, hauma, porlak, manang ragam luat na godang suansuanna. Sihapor somalna siallang bulung, duhut, dohot angka ragam suansuanan. Adong do pigapiga ragam ni sihapor na boi gabe hama di parumaon. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Binatang-stub}} {{Commons|Category:Orthoptera}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Serangga]] bsuuiyth2ngrqi20q6jy34pmz6y4pw5 0 3004 18197 17092 2026-08-22T13:41:26Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:LeucopholisLepidophora1.jpg|thumb|Tamponok]] '''Tamponok''' i ma goar ni sada ragam ni serangga na masuk tu horong kumbang skarab manang [[scarabaeidae]]. Somalna tingko dohot pir do pamatang ni tamponok on, jala marantena na songon kipas rumangna. Tamponok mangolu di marragam luat, tarsongon di harangan, porlak, manang parumaon. Jala ragam do tong siallangon ni tamponok, songon bulu, bunga, buah, dohot lan na asing. Mansai ringkot do tamponok on di ekosistem, nang pe songoni boi do tong gabe hama di parumaon. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Binatang-stub}} {{Commons|Category:Scarabaeidae}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Serangga]] s3ey7hf5eonelmztdhertp92b0y00fn 0 3006 18187 17099 2026-08-22T13:41:13Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Cancer pagurus.jpg|thumb|Sigurampang]] '''Sigurampang''' manang ''kepiting'' di [[hata Indonesia]] i ma sada binatang na pir tangkurakna na masuk tu horong [[krustasea]]. Somalna adong lima pasang pat ni sigurampang, jala sada sian i mangerbang gabe sapitna. Sigurampang mangolu di ragam luat, songon laut, topi ni laut, muara, sunge, harangan bakau, lan na asing. Ringkot do sigurampang on gabe pangallang manang siallangan di rante sipanganon. ==Pustaha== {{reflist}} {{Binatang-stub}} {{Commons|Category:Orthoptera}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Binatang]] [[Horong:Binatang na mangolu di aek]] c3ykhs7sabz0moy2fvtyv4khjs6q8jm 0 3008 18184 17102 2026-08-22T13:41:07Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Loranthus parasitic plant.jpg|thumb|Sarindan]] '''Sarindan''' manang ''benalu'' di [[hata Indonesia]] i ma suansuanan parasit na mandalhophon dirina di suansuanan na asing jala mandapothon hangoluon sian i. Somalna jumpangan di angka hau na di harangan manang di porlak do sarindan on. Gariada nunga pagodanghu marsarindan hau boi do i mangambati hangoluon ni hau i, gabe moru parbuena, agia boi pamatehon dangka manang saluhut hau i. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Suansuanan-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Suansuanan]] k0aqgqk3r7e5l1vfssld7bytv2rae6p 0 3024 18492 17164 2026-08-22T17:12:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18492 wikitext text/x-wiki Taon '''1970''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius. == Analis == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Taon]] rj3rq45bp02nzyafg28f35z1p5p9plt 0 3025 18491 17165 2026-08-22T17:12:09Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18491 wikitext text/x-wiki Taon '''1980''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius. == Analis == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Taon]] mp2dwohumx1s173qy99amxrcg7ln7yd 0 3026 18493 17166 2026-08-22T17:12:28Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18493 wikitext text/x-wiki Taon '''1990''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius. == Analis == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Taon]] ewwhgzjw92t9kcfmjmtiy1kj4drzlwm 0 3029 18507 17169 2026-08-22T18:35:25Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18507 wikitext text/x-wiki Taon '''2012''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius. == Analis == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Taon]] nk6si4tpast1wx592mz5o2w3fb6usv9 0 3036 18494 17211 2026-08-22T17:12:42Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18494 wikitext text/x-wiki Taon '''1991''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius. == Analis == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Taon]] mdrfap8fgdpydrroqdxv108dh73zqyk 0 3044 18315 17222 2026-08-22T15:30:12Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18315 wikitext text/x-wiki Taon '''1947''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius. == Analis == {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Taon]] gfvaebbjzeqvsa5p0tt2tt9o1ymk69b 18559 18315 2026-08-22T19:30:05Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi Pustaha > reflist 18559 wikitext text/x-wiki Taon '''1947''' ima taon dua ribu sampulu sia i kalender Gregorius. == Analis == == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Taon]] 5a9wwde86mgjqc997fewikcaodz2cl9 0 3059 18447 17451 2026-08-22T16:46:43Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak inpo kompetisi sipak bola internasional | year = 2026 | tourney_name = Piala Dunia FIFA | other_titles = {{ubl|FIFA World Cup 26|Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2026|Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2026}} | image = 2026 FIFA World Cup emblem.svg | size = 250x250px | alt = Emblem of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, showing numbers "2" (top) and "6" (bottom) superimposed by the World Cup trophy <!--Do not add flags to country parameters as per WP:INFOBOXFLAG.--> | country = Amerika Serikat | country2 = Kanada | country3 = Meksiko | dates = 11 Juni – 19 Juli | num_teams = 48 | confederations = 6 | venues = 16 | cities = 16 | champion = | count = | second = | third = | fourth = | matches = | goals = | attendance = | top_scorer = | player = | goalkeeper = | young_player = | fair_play = | prevseason = [[Piala Dunia FIFA 2022|2022]] | nextseason = ''[[Piala Dunia FIFA 2030|2030]]'' | updated = }} '''Piala Dunia FIFA 2026''' (Inggris: ''2026 FIFA World Cup'', Spanyol: ''Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2026'', Pransis: ''Coupe du monde de football 2026'') ima edisi pa-23 [[Piala Dunia FIFA]], turnamen [[sipak bola]] internasional nadipatupa opat taonan na didohoti angka tim nasional senior baua namasuk tu anggota [[FIFA]]. == Mamillit tuan rumah == === Pemungutan suara === [[Ugasan:2026 world cup bid election.png|thumb|upleft=1.6|Hasil suara naung dipapungu: {| |- !Adong hak suara !! Ndang adong hak suara |- |{{legend|#867650|Suara tu Amerika Serikat, Kanada, Meksiko}}||{{legend|#FFBD41|Amerika Serikat, Kanada, Meksiko}} |- |{{legend|#2770AB|Suara tu Maroko}}||{{legend|#55208D|Maroko}} |- |{{legend|#008E2A|Ndang malean suara}}||{{legend|#000000|Disanksi FIFA}} |- |{{legend|#B32A2F|Abstain sian malean suara}}||{{legend|#C1C1C1|Ndang anggota FIFA}} |}]] Papunguhon godang ni soara naung dipatupa tanggal 13 Juni 2018, dipartingkian Kongres Taon FIFA pa-68 di [[Moskow]] Rusia, dohot dibungka tu 203 negara anggota na sesuai angka saratna.<ref>{{cite web|author=Bryan Armen Graham |date=13 Juni 2018 |title=North America to host 2026 World Cup after winning vote over Morocco – as it happened |language=en |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2018/jun/13/world-cup-2026-vote-fifa-nations-choose-between-north-america-and-morocco-live |work=The Guardian|accessdate=19 Juli 2026}}</ref> == Tim pasidohot == === Undian === ==== Hasil undian ==== {{table alignment}}{{vertical align rows}} {| class="vertical-align-top" |- | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup A|Grup A]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | A1 || {{flag|Meksiko}} |- | A2 || {{flag|Aprika Dangsina}} |- | A3 || {{flag|Korea Dangsina}} |- | A4 || {{flag|Ceko}}{{efn-ua|Namonang [[Kualipikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 – Babak Kedua UEFA#Jalur D|Jalur D UEFA]]}} |} | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup B|Grup B]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | B1 || {{flag|Kanada}} |- | B2 || {{flag|Bosnia dohot Herjegopina}}{{efn-ua|Namonang [[Kualipikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 – Babak Kedua UEFA#Jalur A|Jalur A UEFA]]}} |- | B3 || {{flag|Katar}} |- | B4 || {{flag|Swiss}} |} | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup C|Grup C]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | C1 || {{flag|Brasil}} |- | C2 || {{flag|Maroko}} |- | C3 || {{flag|Haiti}} |- | C4 || {{flag|Skotlandia}} |} | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup D|Grup D]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | D1 || {{flag|Amerika Serikat}} |- | D2 || {{flag|Paraguai}} |- | D3 || {{flag|Australia}} |- | D4 || {{flag|Turki}}{{efn-ua|Namonang [[Kualipikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 – Babak Kedua UEFA#Jalur C|Jalur C UEFA]]}} |} |- | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup E|Grup E]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | E1 || {{flag|Jerman}} |- | E2 || {{flag|Kurasao}} |- | E3 || {{flag|Pantai Gading}} |- | E4 || {{flag|Ekuador}} |} | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup F|Grup F]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | F1 || {{flag|Bolanda}} |- | F2 || {{flag|Jepang}} |- | F3 || {{flag|Swedia}}{{efn-ua|Namonang [[Kualipikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 – Babak Kedua UEFA#Jalur B|Jalur B UEFA]]}} |- | F4 || {{flag|Tunisia}} |} | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup G|Grup G]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | G1 || {{flag|Belgia}} |- | G2 || {{flag|Misir}} |- | G3 || {{flag|Iran}} |- | G4 || {{flag|Selandia Baru}} |} | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup H|Grup H]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | H1 || {{flag|Hispania}} |- | H2 || {{flag|Tanjung Perde}} |- | H3 || {{flag|Arab Saudi}} |- | H4 || {{flag|Uruguai}} |} |- | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup I|Grup I]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | I1 || {{flag|Pransis}} |- | I2 || {{flag|Senegal}} |- | I3 || {{flag|Irak}}{{efn-ua|Namonang [[Kualipikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 (Perebutan tempat antar konfederasi)#Jalur 1|Jalur 1 Antar konpederasi]]}} |- | I4 || {{flag|Norwegia}} |} | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup J|Grup J]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | J1 || {{flag|Argentina}} |- | J2 || {{flag|Aljajair}} |- | J3 || {{flag|Austria}} |- | J4 || {{flag|Jordania}} |} | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup K|Grup K]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | K1 || {{flag|Portugal}} |- | K2 ||{{flag|RD Kongo}}{{efn-ua|Namonang [[Kualipikasi Piala Dunia FIFA 2026 (Perebutan tempat antar konpederasi)#Jalur 2|Jalur 2 Antar konpederasi]]}} |- | K3 || {{flag|Usbekistan}} |- | K4 || {{flag|Kolombia}} |} | {| class="wikitable col1center" |- |+ [[#Grup L|Grup L]] |- ! {{abbr|Pos.|Posisi}} ||style="width:16em;"| Tim |- | L1 || {{flag|Inggris}} |- | L2 || {{flag|Kroasia}} |- | L3 || {{flag|Ghana}} |- | L4 || {{flag|Panama}} |} |} == Sibinotoon == {{Notelist|group=upper-alpha}} == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Olahraga]] [[Horong:Sipak bola]] f8fiwbezjgf2ex3yup1ux3odxcsxy2q 0 3208 18416 17481 2026-08-22T16:33:06Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox performing art | name = Musik | image = Music lesson Staatliche Antikensammlungen 2421.jpg | caption = Sada lukisan pot sian Junani kuno manggombar parsikola musik (hira 510 SM) | medium = soara | types = ragam ni musik | ancestor = | descendant = | culture = marragam | era = Paleolitikum }} '''Musik''' (Inggris: ''Music''; Junani: ''μουσική'')<ref name="perseus.tufts.edu">{{cite web |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2368891 |title=Mousike, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek–English Lexicon'', at Perseus |publisher=perseus.tufts.edu |access-date=25 Juli 2026|archive-date=2008-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223121331/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry= |dead-url=no}}</ref> ima nada manang soara na naung disusun denggan gabe adong ritme dohot logu na tabo dibege.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hasil Pencarian - KBBI Daring|url=https://kbbi.kemendikdasmen.go.id/entri/musik|website=kbbi.kemendikdasmen.go.id|access-date=25 Juli 2026|archive-date=2021-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027175721/https://kbbi.kemendikdasmen.go.id/entri/musik|dead-url=no}}</ref> Adong marpiga bagian ni musik ima melodi, harmoni, ritme, dohot timbrena.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Aru|first=Anggela Marsela W.|date=2018|url=http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/19387/1/Kelas%20XI_Seni%20Budaya%28Seni%20Musik%29_KD%203.1.pdf|title=E-MODUL SENI BUDAYA Kelas XI|location=|publisher=Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah, Direktorat Pembinaan Sekolah Menengah Atas|pages=10|url-status=live|access-date=25 Juli 2026|archive-date=2022-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129192853/http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/19387/1/Kelas%20XI_Seni%20Budaya%28Seni%20Musik%29_KD%203.1.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> Molo di Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) didok, ima astuanna nada dohot irama nadiatur gabe denggan gabe marparbuehon harmonisasi.<ref name="MUSIK">{{cite web|url=https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/ini-lho-sejarah-musik-dan-perkembangannya|title=Sejarah Musik dan Perkembangannya|first=Anggraeni|last=Pusputasari|date=28 Mei 2025|website=www.ruangguru.com|accessdate=25 Juli 2026}}</ref> == Turiturian == Haroro ni musik om didapot di marragam buddaya di portibi, tung pe tingki najodi sanga pe tingki saonari on. Alana, sude manisia di portibion dohot angka manisia naterisolali manang tartinggal sian modernisasi, tong mamangke musik. Jadi boi didiok, musik on nungga adong sian jaman najolo, hira-hira 55.000 taon nasalpu. Musik siparjolo adong didapothon rona sian [[Aprika]] jala gabe berkembang tujoloanna sahat tu sadari on.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vYQEakqM4I0C&printsec=frontcover|title=The Origins of Music|last=Wallin|first=Nils Lennart|last2=Steven Brown|last3=[[Björn Merker]]|publisher=MIT Press|year=2001|isbn=0-262-73143-6|location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref>Krause, Bernie. (2012). "The Great Animal Orchestra: Finding the Origins of Music in the World's Wild Places," Little Brown/Hachette, New York.</ref> == Partingkian == Ari musik internasional dipatupa tanggal 21 Juni. Mulana adong on alani pamikiran ni menteri budaya ni [[Peransis]], Jack Lang, taon 1982 nasalpu. Alai adong muse mandok mula ni parnigotan ari musik on alani parmusik sian Amerika namargoar Joel Cohen, taon 1976, tingki i adong dipatupa pesta musik sadari di Peransis tingki musim panas.<ref name="MUSIK"/> Pardalanan ni musik on, paling tidak adong 6 partingkianna, ima:<ref name="MUSIK"/> * Tingki Mediepal (400-140 Masehi) * Tingki Renaissanse (1400-1600 Masehi) * Tingki Barok (1600-1700 Masehi) * Tingki Klasik (1700-1810 Masehi) * Tingki Romantik (1810-1900 Masehi) * Tingki Moderen/Kontemporer (1900-2000) == Pustaha == {{reflist|2}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Musik]] narl6qmq1fro2mnnrm0tjvh9vm7lqih 0 3212 18368 17484 2026-08-22T16:15:02Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sipanganon''' ima sasude na boi dipangan ni [[saluhut na mangolu]] asa boi mandapothon [[energi]], gogo, dohot [[nutrisi] na manghorhon hangoluon nang [[metabolisme]]. Somalna sipanganon didapothon sian angka [[suansuanan]] dohot [[dorbia]], jala adong do zat gizi di sipanganon tarsongon [[karbohidrat]], [[protein]], [[lemak]], [[vitamin]], dohot [[mineral]]. [[Ugasan:Homemade chilli con carne.jpg|thumb|Gombar ni sipanganon na adong daging dohot sayurna]] == Ragam ni sipanganon== Sipanganon boi ma dikelompokkan sain sumberna, i ma: * '''sipanganon nabati''', na sian suansuanan tarsongon [[sayur]], [[buah]], biji-bijian, manang umbi. * '''sipanganon hewani''', na sian dorbia tarsongon [[daging]], [[tolor]], [[susu]], dan [[dengke]]. * '''sipanganon olahan''', i ma na diolah sian bahan mentah marhite proses mamasak, [[permentasi]], manang pengawetan. [[Ugasan:Kutsinta Delicacy.jpg|thumb|Kue tradisional Kutsinta]] == Fungsi ni sipanganon == Somalna, sipanganon fungsina i ma: # Sumber energi di pamatang. # Bahan pembangun dohot pemelihara sel nang jaringan tubuh. # Mangatur proses [[metabolisme]] dohot fungsi organ. == Ida muse == * [[Gizi]] * [[Kuliner Indonesia]] * [[Siinumon]] * [[Keamanan pangan]] == Referensi == {{reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Sipanganon]] [[Horong:Kuliner]] 7da4adrm6efuayvyp4o9n37bndpnaoz 0 3215 18409 17494 2026-08-22T16:30:09Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mataniari''' i ma [[bintang]] na gabe pusat ni [[Tata Surya]] jala na gabe sumber utama panondang dohot las di [[Bumi]]. Mataniari marrupa ma i songon bola [[plasma]] na las na tarsusun sian [[hidrogen]] dohot [[helium]], jala manghasilhan energi sian proses [[fusi nuklir]] di tongana. [[Ugasan:The Sun by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly of NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory - 20100819.jpg|thumb|Gombar citra mataniari sian ''Solar Dynamics Observatory'' NASA]] [[Ugasan:Sun parts.jpg|thumb|Struktur lapisan ni mataniari]] == Ida muse == * [[Tata Surya]] * [[Bintang]] * [[Bumi]] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Astronomi]] [[Horong:Tata Surya]] lfitwfxjc9fsjl4vafarva5tahmk4in 0 3220 18378 17543 2026-08-22T16:15:27Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18378 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Demokratik Timor Leste'''<br>'''''República Democrática de Timor-Leste'''''<br>'''''Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of East Timor.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Coat of arms of East Timor.svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan :<br>''[[Pátria]]'' <br>(Hata Batak Toba : "Tano Hagodangan") |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:East Timorese national anthem.wav]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Timor Leste (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Timor Leste |} '''Timor Leste''' ([[hata Tetun]]: ''Timór Lorosa'e''), dohot goar resmina '''Republik Demokratik Timor Leste''' ([[hata Portugis]]: ''República Democrática de Timor-Leste'', [[hata Tetun]]: ''Repúblika Demokrátika Timor Lorosa'e''), na parjolo i ma  Timor Habinsaran ([[hata Indonesia]]: ''Timor Timur''), i ma sada [[nagara pulo]] na maringanan di [[Asia Anggoni]] dohot [[Oseania]]. Huta sabungan ni Timor Leste maringanan di [[Dili]]. == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] kjmypiqm55zubk5v9rdz5f8fxmt2meq 0 3223 18421 17564 2026-08-22T16:34:39Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18421 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ'''<br>'''''Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao'''''</big></big> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Flag of Laos.svg|125px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:Emblem of Laos (2025-).svg|125px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|Mandera |align="center" width="140px"|Partanda |} {|border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- |align="center" width="140px"|Logu habangsoan : ເພງຊາດລາວ <br>''[[Pheng Xat Lao]]'' <br>(Hata Batak Toba : "Logu Habangsoan Laos") |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Ugasan:National Anthem of Laos.ogg]] |} |- |align=center colspan=2|[[Ugasan:Laos (orthographic projection).svg|300px]] |- |align="center" width="300px"|Peta ni Timor Leste |} '''Laos''', goar resmina '''Republik Demokratik Halak Laos''' i ma sada nagara di [[Asia Anggoni]]. Marbatasan dohot [[Myanmar]] dohot [[Sina]] di bariba manabia, [[Pietnam]] di bariba purba, [[Kamboja]] di bariba anggoni, dohot [[Thailand]] di bariba pastima dohot nariti. Huta sabungan dohot kota na gumodang jolmana di Laos maringanan di [[Pientiane]]. == Pustaha == {{Reflist}} {{Asia-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] pt4jur1p0n8kay5dj63ozhnot3ghajr 0 3224 18159 17571 2026-08-22T13:30:35Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18159 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="1" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="300" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Republik Parsadaan Mianmar'''<br />'''ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်'''</big></big>'''''Pyidaungzu thămăda myama naingngandaw''''' | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg|125x125px]] | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:State Seal of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.svg|125x125px]] |- | align="center" width="140px" |Mandera | align="center" width="140px" |Partanda |} {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" | align="center" width="140px" |Logu Habangsoan:<br /> ကမ္ဘာမကျေ<br>[[Kaba Ma Kyei]]<br />([[Hata Batak Toba]] : Sahat tu Ujung ni Portibi) |- | align="center" width="140px" |[[Ugasan:U.S. Navy Band - Kaba Ma Kyei.oga]] |} |- | align="center" |[[Ugasan:Myanmar (orthographic projection).svg|300x300px]] |- | align="center" width="300px" |Luat ni Mianmar di Portibi |} '''Mianmar''', goar resmina '''Republik Parsadaan Mianmar''', parjolo dijou '''Burma''' (goar resmi sahat tu taon 1989), i ma sada nagara na maringanan di bariba manabia ni [[Asia Anggoni]] . Mianmar on gabe sada nagara na umbalga sian bidang ni luatna di [[Asia Anggoni Daratan]] jala adong hirahira 55 juta do bilangan ni jolmana. Marbatasan dohot [[India]] dohot [[Bangladesh]] di bariba manabia, [[Sina]] di bariba anggoni, [[Laos]] dohot [[Thailand]] di bariba purba dohot anggoni, jala [[Laut Andaman]] dohot [[Teluk Benggala]] di bariba dangsina dohot nariti. Huta sabungan ni Mianmar maringanan di [[Naypyidaw]], tagan kota umbalga di Mianmar i ma [[Yangon]] (parjolo dijou Rangoon).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/ |work=The World Factbook |title=Burma |date=8 Agustus 2023 |publisher=U.S. Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=6 Agustus 2026 |archive-date=10 Februari 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210200835/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burma/}}</ref> == Pustaha == {{reflist}} {{Asia-stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Asia]] [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] 4shyxrphsbql5f01uiqg68zsdm36v5p 0 3261 18276 17718 2026-08-22T14:04:40Z V321T4S 2759 Manambahi templat Authority control 18276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Палацава-паркавы комплекс ў Гомелі. Фасад палаца.jpg|thumb|Istana Gomel]] '''Homieĺ''' (Гомель) ima sada kota na adong di [[Belarus]] bagian tenggara. Ia marfungsi manjadi pusat pamarentahan Wilayah Gomel dot Distrik Gomel, bope sacara pamarentahan tarpisah tingon distrik i.<ref name="pop">{{cite web|url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_148168/|title=Численность населения на 1 января 2025 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2024 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329210112/https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/solialnaya-sfera/naselenie-i-migratsiya/naselenie/statisticheskie-izdaniya/index_148168/|archive-date=29 March 2025|website=belsat.gov.by|access-date=8 May 2025}}</ref> I taon 2025, kota on ima kota targodang padua i Belarus, dohot 501.193 alak.<ref name="pop" /> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}}{{Stub}}{{Authority control}} [[Horong:Belarus]] [[Horong:Kota-kota di Belarus]] jcpe7kmsg22cey5jzt2xsm2p8648u6p 0 3355 18313 17898 2026-08-22T15:25:10Z V321T4S 2759 /* Batak Toba */ Mampaturehon gurit na sala 18313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Marga Batak|goar=Sinaga <!-- Gombar dohot Hatorangon -->|gombar=|hatorangon=|gombar2=|hatorangon2=<!-- Identitas -->|marga=Sinaga|alias=SNG|aksara={{unbulleted list|{{Btk|ᯘᯪᯉᯎ}} <br> {{small|([[Surat Batak|Surat Batak Toba]])}}|{{Btk|ᯙᯫᯉᯏ}} <br> {{small|([[Surat Batak|Surat Batak Simalungun]])}}}}|julukan=|astuan=<!-- Tarombo -->|sundut={{Infobox | subbox = yes | labelstyle = background-color:#FF9966; | label1 = 1 | data1 = {{{gen1|[[Siraja Batak]]}}} | label2 = 2 | data2 = {{{gen2|[[Guru Tatea Bulan]]}}} | label3 = 3 | data3 = {{{gen3|[[Saribu Raja|Tuan Sariburaja]]}}} | label4 = 4 | data4 = {{{gen4|[[Siraja Lontung]]}}} | label5 = 5 | data5 = {{{gen5|[[Sinaga|Toga Sinaga]]}}} }}|goar na singkop=Tugu Toga Sinaga|goar ni parsonduk bolon=|goar ni anak={{unbulleted list |1. Raja Bonor |2. Raja Ompu Ratus |3. Raja Hasagian}}|indung=[[Siraja Lontung]]|parsadaan=|dongan tubu={{unbulleted list|[[Situmorang]]|[[Pandiangan]]|[[Nainggolan]]|[[Simatupang]]|[[Aritonang]]|[[Siregar]]}}|sub-marga=|pomparan={{unbulleted list |Sinaga Bonor |Sinaga Ratus |Sinaga Uruk}}|mataniari binsar=[[Limbong]]|padan=|suku=[[Halak Batak|Batak]]|sub-suku=[[Halak Batak Toba]] [[Halak Batak Simalungun]]|bona pasogit=[[Urat II, Palipi, Samosir|Urat]], [[Pulau Samosir|Samosir]]|luat=[[Urat II, Palipi, Samosir|Urat II]] <br> {{coord|2|28|18|N|98|49|26|E}}}} '''Sinaga''' (Surat Batak: ᯘᯪᯉᯎ; ᯙᯫᯉᯏ) i ma sada [[Marga ni halak Batak|marga]] [[Halak Batak Toba|Batak Toba]] jala sala sada sian 4 marga pogu [[Halak Batak Simalungun|Batak Simalungun]]. Marga Sinaga pandok ni halak Batak Toba ima pomparan sian [[Tugu Toga Sinaga|Toga Sinaga]], siakkangan sian [[Raja Lontung]] jala marluat sian [[Urat II, Palipi, Samosir|Urat]], [[Kabupaten Samosir|Samosir]]. == Mula jadi == === Batak Toba === Sinaga ima pomparan [[Siraja Lontung]] dohot si [[Boru Pareme]]. Sinaga marnampuna tolu halak anak baoa, ima: # Raja Bonor # Raja Ompu Ratus # Raja Hasagian Tolu sa mampuna ganup tolu gelleng baoa na gabe ompu sijolojolo tubu marga Sinaga, ima: ==== Sinaga Bonor ==== # Raja Pande # Raja Tiang Ditonga # Raja Suhut Nihuta ==== Sinaga Ratus ==== # Raja Ratus Nagodang # Raja Sitinggi # Raja Siongko ==== Sinaga Uruk ==== # Raja Guru Hatahutan # Raja Barita Raja # Raja Datu Hurung Marningot tarombo i, dibagasan Halak Batak Toba, marga Sinaga digoari "si sia ama, si tolu ompu".<ref>Lukman Hadi Subroto, Nibras Nada Nailufar (7 Agustus 2022 ) [https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2022/08/07/160000079/asal-usul-marga-sinaga Asal-usul marga Sinaga] ''Kompas.com. Dibahen tanggal 2019-08-25''</ref> == Batak Simalungun == Pandohan [[Halak Batak Simalungun]], marga Sinaga i ma sala sada sian opat marga Batak Simalungun ditingki mula jadi harungguan bolon holangholang Raja Nagur marmarga Damanik, Raja Banua Sobou marmarga Saragih, Raja Banua Purba marmarga Purba, dohot Raja Saniang Naga marmarga Sinaga. Partonggoan on marsintuhu naeng mangarahut padan asa paopathon panggomgom i ndang marsi manaroso jala maralo (pandohan hata Simalungun: ''marsiurupan bani hasunsahan na legan, rup mangimbang munsuh''). == Punguan == Punguan marga Sinaga i ma PPTSB ([[Parsadaan Pomparan Toga Sinaga Dohot Boru|Parsadaan Pomparan Toga Sinaga dohot Boru]]), PPTSB dibahen tingki taon 1940 di [[Kota Medan]]. == Ida ma == * [[Tugu Toga Sinaga]] * [[Siraja Batak]] * [[Siraja Lontung]] * [[Siboru Pareme]] == Pustaha == {{reflist}}{{Siraja Lontung}}{{Templat:Marga Simalungun}} [[Horong:Marga Batak Toba]] [[Horong:Marga Batak Simalungun]] [[Horong:Siraja Lontung]] [[Horong:Marga Batak]] [[Horong:Marga Sinaga]] 5rrcj67xjycnw04pcv67dytptm62dgf 14 3468 18091 2026-08-22T11:59:38Z V321T4S 2759 Manambai Horong 18091 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Horong:Edang di Sumatra]] nydhrrrc514ne1i716v3mv0yfb906qd 0 3469 18092 2026-08-22T12:21:22Z V321T4S 2759 Mambahen alaman na imbaru 18092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Kanjeng Ratu Kidul.jpg|thumb|Panggombaron Nyai Roro Kidul na ditanda godang jolma]] '''Siboru Biding Laut''' ([[Marhata Indonesia]]: '''Nyi Roro Kidul''' manang Nyai Rara Kidul) i ma sada [[sigulambak]] dibagasan sarita bangso Indonesia. imana Ratu Laut Selatan dibagas haporseaon [[halak Sunda]], [[halak Jawa]] dohot [[Halak Batak|halak batak]].<ref>Herman Utomo dan Silvie Utomo. 2008. Dialog dengan Alam Dewa. Jakarta: Kelompok Spiritual Universal.</ref> == Mula jadi == == Pustaha == {{reflist}} == Pustaha ruar == * [https://www.jawakidul.nl/where.htm Situs didedikasikan untuk informasi mengenai Ratu Kidul] [[Horong:Dewi Indonesia]] [[Horong:Haporseaon Jawa]] [[Horong:Dewi aek]] [[Horong:Haporseaon Sunda]] [[Horong:Haporseaon Batak]] h5l8agql2hugy5pchr3srdigywkp3me 18103 18092 2026-08-22T12:40:08Z V321T4S 2759 Manambai templat (Authority control) na imbaru 18103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ugasan:Kanjeng Ratu Kidul.jpg|thumb|Panggombaron Nyai Roro Kidul na ditanda godang jolma]] '''Siboru Biding Laut''' ([[Marhata Indonesia]]: '''Nyi Roro Kidul''' manang Nyai Rara Kidul) i ma sada [[sigulambak]] dibagasan sarita bangso Indonesia. imana Ratu Laut Selatan dibagas haporseaon [[halak Sunda]], [[halak Jawa]] dohot [[Halak Batak|halak batak]].<ref>Herman Utomo dan Silvie Utomo. 2008. Dialog dengan Alam Dewa. Jakarta: Kelompok Spiritual Universal.</ref> == Mula jadi == == Pustaha == {{reflist}} == Pustaha ruar == * [https://www.jawakidul.nl/where.htm Situs didedikasikan untuk informasi mengenai Ratu Kidul] {{Authority control}} [[Horong:Dewi Indonesia]] [[Horong:Haporseaon Jawa]] [[Horong:Dewi aek]] [[Horong:Haporseaon Sunda]] [[Horong:Haporseaon Batak]] 0gvf1cxbwnl9vcxsu2wsgbm5fva76hi 14 3470 18093 2026-08-22T12:22:33Z V321T4S 2759 Manambai Horong 18093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Horong:Sunda]] 5dr6phicmgcdo137jsiwcj2lw0g70ee 14 3471 18094 2026-08-22T12:22:49Z V321T4S 2759 Manambai Horong 18094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Horong:Batak]] aa4y2m4lw0gkkwfp0ili07rf85oi1iv 14 3472 18095 2026-08-22T12:23:15Z V321T4S 2759 Manambai Horong 18095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Horong:Jawa]] 4jo1jfwwj64xnfjm2e9rmv98i7rjbbo 14 3473 18096 2026-08-22T12:23:40Z V321T4S 2759 Manambai Horong 18096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Horong:Asia Tenggara]] 7tczehxtndzgjbdsjjfmr0lej3kps9d 18099 18096 2026-08-22T12:27:54Z V321T4S 2759 Manambai Horong dohot mangapus horong na so marlapatan 18099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Horong:Asia Anggoni]] cvitdvudt5wsudlmvdk4thpenw27k7t 14 3474 18097 2026-08-22T12:25:07Z V321T4S 2759 Manambai Horong 18097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Horong:Luat Asia]] 8n9gem498qw7q9qksvv2f148r6r66tg 18098 18097 2026-08-22T12:27:27Z V321T4S 2759 mamindahon horong tu na adong 18098 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Asia Anggoni]] 5a7npjqa2c20yc78lehsvzve0bb39rq 10 3475 18100 2026-08-22T12:30:10Z V321T4S 2759 templat na imbaru 18100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Authority control|authorityControl}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> r48ujosbuyn94pk0voopv45idwf5fo2 828 3476 18101 2026-08-22T12:31:51Z V321T4S 2759 Module na imbaru 18101 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local config_file = frame.args.config and frame.args.config~='' and ('/' .. frame.args.config) or '' local config = mw.loadData('Module:Authority control/config' .. config_file) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local namespace = title.namespace local testcases = title.subpageText == config.i18n.testcases local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local wikilink = function(target, label) return label and '[[' .. target .. '|' .. label .. ']]' or '[[' .. target .. ']]' end local needsAttention = function(sortkey) return wikilink(config.i18n.category .. ':' .. config.i18n.attentioncat, sortkey .. title.text) end local addCat = function(cat, sortkey) if cat and cat~='' and (namespace==0 or namespace==14 or testcases) then return wikilink(config.i18n.category..':'..cat, sortkey and sortkey..title.text) else return '' end end local tooltip = function(text, label) if label and label~='' then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Tooltip', args = {text, label} } else return text end end local _makelink = function(id, val, additional, qid) --validate values and create a link local link = mw.html.create('span'):addClass('uid') if not additional and id.prefix then --show prefix on primary value link:wikitext(id.prefix .. ': ') end local valid_value = false if id.customlink then -- use function to validate and generate link local newlink = require(config.auxiliary)[id.customlink](val.id, additional) if newlink then link:wikitext(newlink) valid_value = true end else if id.pattern then -- check pattern to determine validity valid_value = string.match(val.id, '^' .. id.pattern .. '$') elseif id.patterns then -- check multiple patterns to determine validity for _, pattern in ipairs(id.patterns) do valid_value = val.id:match('^' .. pattern .. '$') if valid_value then break end end elseif id.valid then -- use function to determine validity valid_value = require(config.auxiliary)[id.valid](val.id) else -- no validation possible valid_value = val.id end if valid_value then local label = id.label if not label or additional then label = tostring(additional) end local newlink if id.link then valid_value = valid_value:gsub('%%', '%%%%') local target = mw.ustring.gsub(id.link, '%$1', valid_value):gsub(' ', '%%20') newlink = '[' .. target .. ' ' .. label .. ']' else newlink = valid_value end link:wikitext(tooltip(newlink, val.name)) end end if valid_value then local cat = id.category and string.format(config.i18n.cat, id.category) link:wikitext(addCat(cat)) else local wdlink = qid and wikilink(':wikidata:' .. qid .. '#P' .. id.property) or '' local name = mw.wikibase.getLabel('P' .. id.property) or '' local tooltip = string.format( config.i18n.idnotvalid, name, val.id ) local cat = id.category and string.format( config.i18n.cat, config.i18n.faulty .. ' ' .. id.category ) link:wikitext(wikilink('File:' .. config.i18n.warningicon .. '|20px|frameless|link=' .. wdlink, tooltip .. '.')) :wikitext(addCat(cat)) :wikitext(addCat(config.i18n.allfaultycat, name)) end return link end local _makelinks = function(id, qid) --[[==================================]] --[[ Make links ]] --[[==================================]] local getquals = function(statement, qualid) if statement.qualifiers and statement.qualifiers['P'..qualid] then return mw.wikibase.renderSnak(statement.qualifiers['P'..qualid][1]) end end local ids = {} if qid then for _, statement in ipairs(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, 'P'..id.property)) do if statement.mainsnak.datavalue then local val = statement.mainsnak.datavalue.value if val then local namedas = getquals(statement, 1810) or getquals(statement, 742) or '' table.insert(ids, {id=val, name=namedas}) end end end end local links if ids[1] then links = mw.html.create('li'):node(_makelink(id, ids[1], false, qid)) if ids[2] then local sublinks = mw.html.create('ul') for n = 2, #ids do sublinks:tag('li'):node(_makelink(id, ids[n], n, qid)):done() end links:node(sublinks) end end return links end p.authorityControl = function(frame) --[[==================================]] --[[ Main ]] --[[==================================]] local args = getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) local resolveQID = function(qid) if qid then qid = 'Q' .. mw.ustring.gsub(qid, '^[Qq]', '') if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(qid) and mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid) if sitelink then return mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(sitelink) or mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).id end return mw.wikibase.getEntity(qid).id end end end local conf = config.config local auxCats = '' local rct = false -- boolean to track if there are any links to be returned local qid, topic if namespace==0 and mw.wikibase ~= nil then qid = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() end if qid then -- article is connected to a Wikidata item if args.qid and resolveQID(args.qid)~=qid then -- non-matching qid parameter auxCats = auxCats .. needsAttention('D') end else -- page is not connected to any Wikidata item qid = resolveQID(args.qid) -- check qid parameter if no wikidata item is connected if qid then -- qid parameter is valid, set topic to display topic = mw.wikibase.getLabel(qid) if topic then if mw.ustring.lower(title.subpageText)==mw.ustring.lower(topic) then -- suppress topic display if subpagename equals topic up to case change topic = nil end if topic and mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid) then -- make wikilink to article topic = wikilink(mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid), topic) end else auxCats = auxCats .. needsAttention('L') end elseif args.qid then -- invalid qid has been supplied, add to tracking cat auxCats = auxCats .. needsAttention('Q') end end local qids = {} -- setup any additional QIDs if args.additional=='auto' then if qid then -- check P527 for parts to add additional qids local checkparts = function(property) local parts = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, property) if parts then for _, part in ipairs(parts) do if part.mainsnak.datavalue and part.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id then local resolvedqid = resolveQID(part.mainsnak.datavalue.value.id) if resolvedqid then table.insert(qids,resolvedqid) end end end end end for _, part in ipairs(config.auto_additional) do checkparts('P' .. part) end end elseif args.additional then for _, v in ipairs(mw.text.split(args.additional, '%s*,%s*')) do v = resolveQID(v) if v then if v==qid then -- duplicate of qid parameter auxCats = auxCats .. needsAttention('R') end table.insert(qids, v) else -- invalid QID specified auxCats = auxCats .. needsAttention('A') end end end local numsections, sections = 0, {} for _, _ in ipairs(config.sections) do -- count number of regular sections numsections = numsections + 1 end for _ = 1, #qids+numsections do table.insert(sections, {}) end -- check which identifiers to show/suppress in template local show, show_all_unsuppressed = {}, true local stripP = function(pid) --strip P from property number if pid:match('^[Pp]%d+$') then pid = mw.ustring.gsub(pid, '[Pp]', '') end pid = tonumber(pid) if pid and mw.wikibase.entityExists('P' .. pid) then return pid end end local addshowlist = function(list) if list then for _, v in ipairs(mw.text.split(string.lower(list), '%s*,%s*')) do if config.whitelists[v] then -- e.g. show=arts to use whitelist for _, w in ipairs(config.whitelists[v].properties) do show[w] = true end else v = stripP(v) if v then -- e.g. show=P214 to show one particular property show[v] = true else -- unrecognised property or whitelist auxCats = auxCats .. needsAttention('W') end end end show_all_unsuppressed = false end end addshowlist(frame.args.show) -- check show parameter on wrapper template addshowlist(args.show) -- check show parameter on article addshowlist(args.country) -- check country parameter on article if args.suppress then local suppresslist = mw.text.split(args.suppress, '%s*,%s*') -- split parameter by comma for _, v in ipairs(suppresslist) do v = stripP(v) if v then show[v] = false auxCats = auxCats .. wikilink(config.i18n.category .. ':' .. config.i18n.suppressedcat) else auxCats = auxCats .. needsAttention('P') end end end local makeSections = function(qid, addit) for _, id in ipairs(conf) do if id.suppressedbyproperty then for _, property in ipairs(id.suppressedbyproperty) do if show[property]=='used' then -- property is in use show[id.property] = false -- suppressed by another property end end end if show[id.property]==nil then show[id.property] = show_all_unsuppressed end if show[id.property] then local links = _makelinks(id, qid) if links then table.insert( sections[addit or id.section], links ) show[id.property] = 'used' rct = true end end end end local pencil = function(qid) if qid then return require('Module:EditAtWikidata')._showMessage{ pid = 'identifiers', qid = qid } else return '' end end makeSections(qid, false) for c = 1, #qids do makeSections(qids[c], numsections+c) end --configure Navbox local outString = '' if rct then -- there is at least one link to display local Navbox = require('Module:Navbox') local sect, lastsect = 0, 0 local navboxArgs = { name = 'Authority control', navboxclass = 'authority-control', bodyclass = 'hlist', state = args.state or config.i18n.autocollapse, navbar = 'off' } for c = 1, numsections+#qids do if #sections[c]>0 then -- section is non-empty sect = sect + 1 lastsect = c local sectname if c<=numsections then -- regular section sectname = config.sections[c].name else -- section from additional qid local qid = qids[c-numsections] local label, sitelink = mw.wikibase.getLabel(qid), mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid) if label then if sitelink then local target = mw.title.new(sitelink) if target==title or (target.isRedirect and target.redirectTarget==title) then -- do not link sectname = label else -- make wikilink to article sectname = wikilink(sitelink, label) end else sectname = label end else auxCats = auxCats .. needsAttention('L') sectname = qid end sectname = sectname .. pencil(qid) end navboxArgs['group' .. c] = sectname local list = mw.html.create('ul') for _, link in ipairs(sections[c]) do list:node(link) end navboxArgs['list' .. c] = tostring(list) end end if topic then -- display in expanded form with topic navboxArgs.title = config.i18n.aclink .. ' &ndash; ' .. topic .. pencil(qid) elseif sect==1 then -- special display when only one section if lastsect<=numsections then if config.sections[lastsect].hidelabelwhenalone then -- no special label when only general or other IDs are present navboxArgs['group' .. lastsect] = config.i18n.aclink .. pencil(qid) else -- other regular section navboxArgs['group' .. lastsect] = config.i18n.aclink .. ': ' .. navboxArgs['group' .. lastsect] .. pencil(qid) end else -- section from additional qid navboxArgs['group' .. lastsect] = config.i18n.aclink .. ': ' .. navboxArgs['group' .. lastsect] end else -- add title to navbox navboxArgs.title = config.i18n.aclink .. pencil(qid) end outString = Navbox._navbox(navboxArgs) end if args.state and args.state~=config.i18n.collapsed and args.state~=config.i18n.expanded and args.state~=config.i18n.autocollapse then --invalid state parameter auxCats = auxCats .. needsAttention('S') end if testcases then auxCats = mw.ustring.gsub(auxCats, '(%[%[)(' .. config.i18n.category .. ')', '%1:%2') --for easier checking end --out outString = outString .. auxCats if namespace~=0 then outString = mw.ustring.gsub(outString, '(%[%[)(' .. config.i18n.category .. ':' .. config.i18n.Articles .. ')([^%|%]]+)%|?[^%|%]]*(%]%])','%1:%2%3%4') outString = mw.ustring.gsub(outString, '(%[%[)(' .. config.i18n.category .. ':' .. config.i18n.All_articles .. ')([^%|%]]+)%|?[^%|%]]*(%]%])','%1:%2%3%4') end local check = require('Module:Check for unknown parameters')._check local sortkey outString = outString .. check({ ['unknown'] = wikilink(config.i18n.category .. ':' .. config.i18n.attentioncat, 'U'), ['preview'] = config.i18n.previewwarning, 'show', 'country', 'suppress', 'additional', 'qid', 'state' }, args) return outString end p.makelink = function(id, qid) return _makelinks(id, qid) end return p 491eiemwohl5s3gylyl4528nljf9pu6 828 3477 18102 2026-08-22T12:35:09Z V321T4S 2759 Module config na imbaru 18102 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} p.auxiliary = 'Module:Authority control/auxiliary' p.i18n = { aclink = '[[Help:Authority control|Authority control databases]]', ACmodule = 'Module:Authority control', attentioncat = 'Pages with authority control identifiers needing attention', All_articles = 'All articles', allfaultycat = 'Articles with faulty authority control information', Appears_as = 'Appears as', -- used on documentation table to show example Articles = 'Articles', autocollapse = 'autocollapse', -- Navbox state parameter cat = 'Articles with %s identifiers', category = 'Category', Code = 'Code', collapsed = 'collapsed', -- Navbox state parameter Description = 'Description', errortemplate = 'Error', -- e.g. [[Template:Error]], expanded = 'expanded', -- Navbox state parameter faultcat = 'Articles with faulty authority control information', Faults = 'Faults', faulty = 'faulty', identifier = 'identifier', identifiers = 'identifiers', idnotvalid = 'The %s identifier %s is not valid.', linktemplate = 'Wikidata property link', -- refers to [[Template:Wikidata property link]] maincat = 'Articles with authority control information', name = 'Authority control', navbox = 'Module:Navbox', pages = 'pages', pageswithparams = 'Pages using authority control with unknown parameters', -- name of category for tracking uses with parameters previewwarning = 'page using [[Template:Authority control]] with unexpected local parameter "_VALUE_". All identifiers should be stored on Wikidata.', -- preview message when local parameters are used sandbox = 'sandbox', Section = 'Section', suppressedcat = 'Articles with suppressed authority control identifiers', testcases = 'testcases', Topic = 'Topic', Totals = 'Totals', Tracking_category = 'Tracking category', warningicon = '345-409 Ambox warning centered.svg', -- icon used for faulty ids WDproperty = 'Wikidata property', } p.config = {{ property = 213, section = 1, label = 'ISNI', valid = 'validateIsni', link = 'https://isni.org/isni/$1', remark = 'ISNI is a method for uniquely identifying the public identities of contributors to media content such as books, TV programmes, and newspaper articles. Please take care not to confuse ISNI and ORCID identifiers.' }, { property = 214, section = 1, label = 'VIAF', patterns = {'[1-9]%d%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', '[1-9]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d?%d?%d?'}, link = 'https://viaf.org/viaf/$1', remark = 'International authority data from the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC)' }, { property = 227, section = 1, patterns = {'1[01234]?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[0-9X]', '[47]%d%d%d%d%d%d%-%d', '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%-[0-9X]', '3%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[0-9X]'}, link = 'https://d-nb.info/gnd/$1', label = 'GND', remark = 'Authority data on people, corporations and subjects from the [[Integrated Authority File]]' }, { property = 244, section = 2, pattern = '%l%l?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d?%d?', link = 'https://id.loc.gov/authorities/$1', label = 'United States', remark = 'See [[Wikipedia:Authority control#LCCN]] for formatting instructions' }, { property = 245, section = 5, pattern = '500%d%d%d%d%d%d', link = 'https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=$1', label = 'ULAN', remark = 'ULAN is an online database using a controlled vocabulary currently containing around 293,000 names and other information about artists. Names in ULAN may include given names, pseudonyms, variant spellings, names in multiple languages, and names that have changed over time (e.g., married names).' }, { property = 268, section = 2, valid = 'validateBNF', link = 'https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb$1', label = 'France', remark = 'Authority data of people listed in the general catalogue of the National Library of France' }, { property = 268, section = 2, valid = 'validateBNF', link = 'https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb$1', label = 'BnF data' }, { property = 269, section = 7, label = 'IdRef', pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dxX]', link = 'https://www.idref.fr/$1', remark = 'Authority data of people listed in the general catalogue of the University Documentation System of France. Also available from [http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/xslt//DB=2.1/SET=2/TTL=1/LNG=EN/ English-speaking catalog] (search author, click one book, click author name, take PPN= value of the URL)' }, { property = 271, section = 4, pattern = 'D[AB]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]', link = 'https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/$1?l=en', label = 'CiNii', remark = 'CiNii is a bibliographic database service for material in Japanese academic libraries. It is maintained by the [[National Institute of Informatics]].' }, { property = 347, section = 7, pattern = ''..string.rep('[%-0-9A-Za-z]', 11)..'', link = 'https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/joconde/$1', label = 'Joconde', }, { property = 349, section = 2, link = 'https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/$1', patterns = {'a1%d?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', 's?%d?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d'}, label = 'Japan', remark = 'Authority data listed in the catalog of the national library of Japan. Search also available via [http://viaf.org/ VIAF].' }, { property = 350, section = 7, pattern = '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://rkd.nl/nl/explore/images/$1', label = 'RKD ID', }, { property = 380, section = 3, link = 'https://www.pop.culture.gouv.fr/notice/merimee/$1', label = 'Mérimée', patterns = {'[PEI]A%d[0-9AB]%d%d%d%d%d%d','ACR%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', 'MI%d%d%dB?', 'JAR%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', 'SPR%d%d%d%d%d%d%d'} }, { property = 396, section = 2, pattern = '%u%u[%u0-3]V%d%d%d%d%d%d', link = 'https://opac.sbn.it/nome/$1', label = 'Italy', remark = 'Central Institute for the Union Catalogue (ICCU: {{lang|it|Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico}}) is an Italian government agency created to build a single catalog of all the libraries in the nation. It manages National Library Service ({{lang|it|Servizio bibliotecario nazionale}}).' }, { property = 428, section = 4, valid = 'botanistV', link = 'https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=$1', label = 'International Plant Names Index', remark = 'Author citation (botany): standard form (official abbreviation) of a personal name for use in an author citation (only for names of algae, fungi and plants). Links to page at [[International Plant Names Index]] (IPNI).' }, { property = 434, section = 5, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/artist/$1', label = 'MusicBrainz', remark = 'MusicBrainz is an open music encyclopedia that collects music metadata and makes it available to the public.' }, { property = 435, section = 7, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/work/$1', label = 'MusicBrainz work', }, { property = 436, section = 7, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/$1', label = 'MusicBrainz release group', }, { property = 454, section = 3, pattern = '[12]0%d%d%d%d%d%d', label = 'Structurae', link = 'https://structurae.net/structures/$1', }, { property = 496, section = 4, label = 'ORCID', valid = 'orcidV', link = 'https://orcid.org/$1', remark = 'Authority data on researchers, academics, etc. The ID range is a subset of the [[ISNI]] range. For free text links (for example when mentioning a person on page which is not about them), it is also possible to use {{tl|ORCID}}. Authors—including Wikipedia editors—may obtain an ORCID by signing up at [https://orcid.org/register orcid.org/register]. Please take care not to confuse ORCID and ISNI identifiers.' }, { property = 549, section = 4, pattern = '%d%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=$1', label = 'Mathematics Genealogy Project', remark = 'Mathematics Genealogy Project is a web-based database for the academic genealogy of mathematicians.' }, { property = 648, section = 7, link = 'https://openlibrary.org/works/$1?mode=all', label = 'Open Library', }, { property = 650, section = 5, pattern = '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/$1', label = 'RKD Artists', remark = 'RKDartists is an online database using a controlled vocabulary currently containing around 200,000+ names and other information about artists. Names in RKDartists may include given names, pseudonyms, variant spellings, names in multiple languages, and names that have changed over time (e.g., married names).' }, { property = 651, section = 6, patterns = {'%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', '0?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', '0?0?%d%d%d%d%d%d'}, link = 'http://www.biografischportaal.nl/en/persoon/$1', label = 'Netherlands', remark = 'Dutch project with material for 40,000 digitized biographies, including former colonies of the Netherlands.' }, { property = 691, section = 2, pattern = '[a-z][a-z][a-z]?[a-z]?%d%d%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=$1&CON_LNG=ENG', label = 'Czech Republic', remark = 'National Library of the Czech Republic ({{lang|cs|Národní knihovna České republiky}}) is the central library of the Czech Republic.' }, { property = 716, section = 7, patterns = { '[1-3]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d?', '54%d%d%d%d%d%d' }, link = 'https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=$1', label = 'JPL SBDB', }, { property = 781, section = 5, pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d?%d?', link = 'http://www.sikart.ch/KuenstlerInnen.aspx?id=$1&lng=en', label = 'SIKART', remark = 'SIKART is a biographical dictionary and a database on visual art in Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is published online by the Swiss Institute for Art Research (SIAR).' }, { property = 791, section = 6, customlink = 'ISILlink', remark = 'Libraries, museums and archives, decentralized national databases.' }, { property = 864, section = 4, pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', link = 'https://dl.acm.org/profile/$1', label = 'Association for Computing Machinery', }, { property = 865, section = 6, link = 'https://bmlo.de/$1', label = 'BMLO', pattern = '[a-z][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]' }, { property = 886, section = 7, pattern = '%d+', link = 'http://www.e-lir.ch/e-LIR___Lexicon.$1.450.0.html', label = 'Lexicon Istoric Retic', remark = '{{lang|rm|Lexicon Istoric Retic}} (LIR) is a two volume version with a selection of articles published in Romansh.' }, { property = 902, section = 7, pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d', label = 'Historical Dictionary of Switzerland', link = 'https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/$1', remark = 'Historical Dictionary of Switzerland is an encyclopedia on the history of Switzerland.' }, { property = 947, section = 2, pattern = '%d%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', link = 'http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=$1&CON_LNG=ENG', label = 'Russia', remark = 'Russian State Library ({{lang|ru|Российская государственная библиотека}}) is the national library of Russia.' }, { property = 950, section = 2, patterns = {'[XF][XF]%d%d%d%d%d?%d?%d?', 'a%d%d%d%d%d?%d?%d?', 'bi[mcsv][aoei]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', 'Mi[sm][eoa]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d'}, link = 'https://datos.bne.es/resource/$1', label = 'Spain', remark = "National Library of Spain (BNE: ''Biblioteca Nacional de España'') is a major public library, the largest in Spain." }, { property = 966, section = 7, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', label = 'MusicBrainz label', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/label/$1', }, { property = 982, section = 3, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/area/$1', label = 'MusicBrainz area', }, { property = 1003, section = 2, pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', link = 'http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=$1', label = 'Romania', }, { property = 1004, section = 3, pattern = '%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%-%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x%x', link = 'https://musicbrainz.org/place/$1', label = 'MusicBrainz place', }, { property = 1005, section = 2, pattern = '[1-9]%d*', link = 'http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/$1', label = 'Portugal', }, { property = 1006, section = 2, pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]', link = 'http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p$1', label = 'Netherlands', }, { property = 1015, section = 2, patterns = {'[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?', '[1-9]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d'}, link = 'https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/$1', label = 'Norway', remark = 'BIBSYS is a supplier of library and information systems for all Norwegian university Libraries, the National Library of Norway, college libraries, and a number of research libraries and institutions.' }, { property = 1045, section = 6, link = 'https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/$1', label = 'Sycomore', pattern = '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?' }, { property = 1048, section = 2, pattern = '%d+', link = 'http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=$1&CON_LNG=ENG', label = 'Taiwan', remark = 'National Central Library is the national library of Taiwan, Republic of China.' }, { property = 1053, section = 4, patterns = {'[A-Z][A-Z]?[A-Z]?%-%d%d%d%d%-19%d%d', '[A-Z][A-Z]?[A-Z]?%-%d%d%d%d%-20%d%d'}, link = 'https://www.researcherid.com/rid/$1', label = 'ResearcherID', remark = 'An identifying system for scientific authors. The system was introduced in January 2008 by [[Thomson Reuters]]. The combined use of the [[digital object identifier]] with the ResearcherID allows for a unique association of authors and scientific articles.' }, { property = 1146, section = 6, pattern = '%d+', link = 'https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/_/$1', label = 'World Athletics', remark = 'The IAAF athlete database lists information about [[sport of athletics]] competitors.' }, { property = 1153, section = 4, pattern = '[1-9]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d?', link = 'https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=$1', label = 'Scopus', remark = 'SciVerse Scopus is a bibliographic database containing abstracts and citations for academic journal articles. 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'https://findnzartists.org.nz/artist/$1/', label = 'New Zealand Artists', }, { property = 6804, section = 5, pattern = '[1-9]%d*', link = 'https://www.agsa.sa.gov.au/collection-publications/collection/creators/_/$1/', label = 'South Australia', }, { property = 6829, section = 6, pattern = '0[01]%d%d%d%d%.?[A-D]?', link = 'https://doi.org/10.3318/dib.$1.v1', label = 'Ireland', }, { property = 7293, section = 2, pattern = '981%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d05606*', link = 'https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/$1', label = 'Poland', }, { property = 1695, section = 2, pattern = 'a%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', link = 'https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/$1', label = 'Poland', suppressedbyproperty = {7293} }, { property = 7303, section = 5, pattern = '%w[%w-]+%/%d+', link = 'https://www.grammy.com/artists/$1', label = 'Grammy Awards', }, { property = 7314, section = 7, pattern = '[%d%l/-]+', link = 'https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/$1', label = 'İslâm Ansiklopedisi', }, { property = 7400, section = 6, link = 'https://www.librarything.com/author/$1', label = 'LibraryThing' }, { property = 7902, section = 6, pattern = '1[0-9]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d?[0-9X]', link = 'https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/$1.html?language=en', label = 'Deutsche Biographie', }, { property = 8034, section = 2, pattern = '49[0-9]%/[1-9][0-9]?[0-9]?[0-9]?[0-9]?[0-9]?', link = 'https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=$1', label = 'Vatican', remark = 'Vatican Library document data' }, { property = 8189, section = 2, pattern = '9870[0-1]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d05171', link = 'https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/$1', label = 'Israel', }, { property = 8381, section = 5, link = 'https://www.emmys.com/bios/$1', label = 'Emmy Awards' }, { property = 8671, section = 7, label = 'Deutsche Bahn', link = 'https://iris.noncd.db.de/wbt/js/index.html?bhf=$1&zeilen=50&seclang=en', remark = 'Deutsche Bahn station code, identifier for train stations and other operating points used by Deutsche Bahn', pattern = '[ABCDEFHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ][A-Z0-9%s][A-Z0-9%s]?[A-Z0-9%s]?[A-Z0-9%s]?' }, { property = 8980, section = 2, pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', link = 'https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:$1', label = 'Finland', }, { property = 9070, section = 7, pattern = '[A-Z]\\[A-Z]\\%w+', link = 'http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\\$1', label = 'Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine', }, { property = 9692, section = 5, link = 'https://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_$1', label = 'LexM', remark = 'Identifier for a musician in the Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS-Zeit', pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d' }, { property = 9725, section = 3, label = 'EBIDAT', link = 'https://www.ebidat.de/cgi-bin/ebidat.pl?id=$1', remark = 'Identifier for an entry in the castles inventory database EBIDAT', pattern = '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?' }, { property = 9984, section = 2, pattern = '981[0-1]%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d06706', link = 'https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/$1', label = 'Catalonia', }, { property = 10020, section = 6, pattern = '[0-9A-Z]+', link = 'https://handbook.aph.gov.au/Parliamentarian/$1', label = 'Australian Parliament', }, { property = 10299, section = 4, link = 'https://www.leopoldina.org/mitglieder/mitgliederverzeichnis/detail/$1/', label = 'Leopoldina', pattern = '[%-a-z]+%d?' }, { property = 10608, section = 5, link = 'https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/$1', label = 'FID', remark = 'FID performing arts', }, { property = 10832, section = 1, link = 'https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/$1', label = 'WorldCat', patterns = {'%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w%w', '[QP][1-9]%d*'}, remark = 'WorldCat Entities for persons and works, by [[OCLC]]', }, { property = 11152, section = 6, pattern = '[1-9]%d*', link = 'https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/$1', label = 'Léonore' }, { property = 11249, section = 2, pattern = '%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', link = 'https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/$1', label = 'Belgium', }, { property = 11646, section = 6, label = 'Deutsche Synchronkartei', link = 'https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/$1', remark = 'Online database of voice actors in film and television productions', pattern = string.rep('[0-9a-zA-Z_-]',9) }, { property = 11729, section = 7, label = 'Kulturenvanteri monument', link = 'https://kulturenvanteri.com/yer/?p=$1', pattern = '%d+' }, { property = 12204, section = 7, label = 'ELMCIP', link = 'https://elmcip.net/node/$1', remark = 'Identifier for an entry in the Electronic Literature as a Model of Creativity and Innovation in Practice (ELNCIP) Knowledge Base', pattern = '[1-9]%d*' }, { property = 12362, section = 6, pattern = '[a-z]+[a-z%-]*%d?', link = 'https://parliament.vic.gov.au/members/$1', label = 'Victorian Parliament', }, { property = 12754, section = 7, pattern = '000%d%d%d%d%d%d%d', link = 'https://id.bildindex.de/thing/$1', label = 'Bildindex', }, { property = 13049, section = 6, patterns = {'1[0123]?%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[0-9X]', '[47]%d%d%d%d%d%d%-%d', '[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%-[0-9X]', '3%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[0-9X]'}, link = 'https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/$1', label = 'DDB', remark = 'Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek', }, { property = 13591, section = 7, link = 'https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/$1', label = 'Yale LUX', remark = 'Yale Cultural Heritage IT Collaboration', }, { property = 14225, section = 2, pattern = '98%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d9366', link = 'https://bukinet-mreza.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/authfulldisplay?&context=L&vid=385BUKINET_NETWORK:VU1_UNION&lang=en&docid=$1', label = 'Croatia', }} p.sections = { [1] = {name = 'International', hidelabelwhenalone = true}, [2] = {name = 'National'}, [3] = {name = 'Geographic'}, [4] = {name = 'Academics'}, [5] = {name = 'Artists'}, [6] = {name = 'People'}, [7] = {name = 'Other', hidelabelwhenalone = true} } p.whitelists = { arts = { topic = 2018526, properties = {268, 214, 3372, 6804, 1907, 4186, 12754, 1908, 1707, 6829, 2349, 6792, 227, 1960, 347, 1248, 244, 1225, 2041, 2750, 650, 350, 781, 3430, 3544, 1315, 245, 1986, 7902, 651, 791, 7303, 2174, 4581, 5321, 5368, 2268} }, lighthouse = { topic = 39715, properties = {3563, 4055, 3223, 4423, 3723, 3993, 3562, 2980, 4038, 3920, 4143, 3863, 3601} }, ch = { topic = 39, properties = {902, 886, 781, 1362}, }, cz = {topic = 213, properties = {691}}, cl = {topic = 298, properties = {1890}}, es = {topic = 29, properties = {950, 9984}}, gr = {topic = 41, properties = {3348}}, hr = {topic = 224, properties = {1375}}, il = {topic = 801, properties = {8189, 1736}}, it = {topic = 38, properties = {396, 3863, 1986, 8034}}, ja = {topic = 17, properties = {349, 271}}, kr = {topic = 884, properties = {5034}}, lv = {topic = 211, properties = {1368}}, nl = {topic = 55, properties = {651, 1006, 650, 350}}, pl = {topic = 36, properties = {1695, 7293}}, ro = {topic = 218, properties = {1003}}, ru = {topic = 159, properties = {947}}, sv = {topic = 34, properties = {906, 5587}}, tr = {topic = 43, properties = {7314}}, tw = {topic = 865, properties = {1048}}, ua = {topic = 212, properties = {9070, 4613}}, uy = {topic = 77, properties = {2558}} } p.property_items = {-- look at these properties to find relevant item to property 1629, -- P1629: Wikidata item of this property 10726,-- P10726: class of non-item property value 9073, -- P9073: applicable 'stated in' value 2378 -- P2378: issued by } p.auto_additional = {-- defines properties to check when additional=auto 527, -- P527: has part(s) 150, -- P150: contains the administrative territorial entity 355, -- P355: has subsidiary } return p 44rv3gq3hnb8byag1jq1yuctemvoar2 828 3478 18104 2026-08-22T12:41:39Z V321T4S 2759 Module config na imbaru 18104 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local config_file = frame.args.config and frame.args.config~='' and ('/' .. frame.args.config) or '' local config = mw.loadData('Module:Authority control/config' .. config_file) local sandbox-- = '/' .. config.i18n.sandbox local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local namespace = title.namespace local testcases = title.subpageText == config.i18n.testcases local makelink = require(config.i18n.ACmodule .. (sandbox or '')).makelink local lang = mw.getContentLanguage() local function needsAttention(sortkey) return '[[' .. config.i18n.category .. ':' .. config.i18n.attentioncat .. '|' .. sortkey .. title.text .. ']]' end local function addCat(cat, sortkey) if cat and cat ~= '' and (namespace == 0 or namespace == 14 or testcases) then local category, redlinkcat = '', '' if testcases == false and mw.title.new(cat, 14).exists == false then redlinkcat = needsAttention('N') end category = '[[' .. config.i18n.category .. ':' .. cat if sortkey then category = category .. '|' .. sortkey .. title.text end category = category .. ']]' .. redlinkcat return category else return '' end end local getstatement = function(id, propid, qualid) local statement = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements('P' .. id, 'P' .. propid) local value if statement and statement[1] and statement[1].mainsnak.datavalue and statement[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id then value = statement[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id local qual if qualid and statement[1].qualifiers['P' .. qualid][1].datavalue.value then qual = statement[1].qualifiers['P' .. qualid][1].datavalue.value end return value, qual end end local getname = function(property) local name for _, propnameqid in ipairs(config.property_items) do name = getstatement(property, propnameqid) if name then break end end if name then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Wikidata fallback link', args = {name} } else return '' end end -- Creates a human-readable standalone wikitable version of conf, and tracking categories with page counts, for use in the documentation function p.docConfTable() local doc = '' local row = function(conf) local example_qid = getstatement(conf.property, 1855) local example = example_qid and frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Flatlist', args = {tostring( mw.html.create('ul') :node(makelink(conf, example_qid)) )} } or '' local col1 = mw.html.create('th'):attr('data-sort-value', conf.property) if conf.remark then col1:attr('rowspan','2') end col1:wikitext(frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Wikidata property link', args = {conf.property}}) local row = mw.html.create('tr') :node(col1) :tag('td'):wikitext(getname(conf.property)):done() :tag('td'):css('text-align', 'center'):wikitext(config.sections[conf.section].name):done() :tag('td'):wikitext(example):allDone() local remark if conf.remark then remark = mw.html.create('tr'):addClass('expand-child') :tag('td'):attr('colspan', '3') :tag('span'):css('font-weight', 'bold'):wikitext('ℹ️ '):done() :wikitext(frame:preprocess{text = conf.remark}) :allDone() end return row, remark end local header_row = mw.html.create('tr') :tag('th'):attr('data-sort-type', 'number'):wikitext(config.i18n.WDproperty):done() :tag('th'):wikitext(lang:ucfirst(config.i18n.identifier)):done() :tag('th'):wikitext(config.i18n.Section):done() :tag('th'):wikitext(config.i18n.Appears_as):done() local doc = mw.html.create('table'):addClass('wikitable sortable'):node(header_row) for _, conf in pairs(config.config) do local row, remark = row(conf) doc:node(row):node(remark) end return tostring(doc) end function p.whitelisttable() local header = mw.html.create('tr') :tag('th'):wikitext(config.i18n.Code):done() :tag('th'):wikitext(config.i18n.Topic):done() :tag('th'):wikitext(lang:ucfirst(config.i18n.identifiers)):done() local Table = mw.html.create('table') :addClass('wikitable'):addClass('sortable') :node(header) for code, wlist in pairs(config.whitelists) do local plist = {} for _, property in pairs(wlist.properties) do table.insert(plist, frame:expandTemplate{title='Wikidata property link', args={'P' .. property}}) end local row = mw.html.create('tr') :tag('th'):wikitext(code):done() :tag('td'):wikitext('[[' .. mw.wikibase.getSitelink('Q' .. wlist.topic) .. ']]'):done() :tag('td'):wikitext(table.concat(plist,', ')):done() Table:node(row) end return tostring(Table) end function p.sectiontable() local header = mw.html.create('tr') :tag('th'):wikitext(config.i18n.Section):done() :tag('th'):wikitext(config.i18n.Description):done() :tag('th'):wikitext(lang:ucfirst(config.i18n.identifiers)):done() local Table = mw.html.create('table') :addClass('wikitable'):addClass('sortable') :node(header) local plist = {} for n, _ in ipairs(config.sections) do plist[n] = {} end for _, id in pairs(config.config) do table.insert(plist[id.section], frame:expandTemplate{ title=config.i18n.linktemplate, args={'P' .. id.property} }) end for number, section in ipairs(config.sections) do local row = mw.html.create('tr') :tag('th'):wikitext(number):done() :tag('td'):wikitext(section.name):done() :tag('td'):wikitext(table.concat(plist[number],', ')):done() Table:node(row) end return tostring(Table) end function p.idproposal() local property = frame.args.property or '' local out = '<ul><li>Wikidata property: ' .. frame:expandTemplate{title='Wikidata property link', args={'P' .. property}} .. '</li>' out = out .. '<li>Section: ' local section = frame.args.section or '' if section~='' then out = out .. config.sections[section].name .. ' (' .. section .. ')' else out = out .. 'Not specified' end out = out .. '</li><li>Link: ' local link = frame.args.link or '' if link=='' then link = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements('P' .. property, 'P1630') or '' link = link[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value end if link~='' then out = out .. '<code>' .. link .. '</code>' else out = out .. 'Not specified' end out = out .. '</li><li>Label: ' local label = frame.args.label or '' if label~='' then out = out .. label else out = out .. 'Not specified' end out = out .. '</li><li>Example: ' local example = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements('P'..property,'P1855') or '' if example then example = example[1].qualifiers['P'..property][1].datavalue.value example = frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Hlist', args = {makelink({[1]='', link=link, label=label}, example)}} out = out .. example else out = out .. 'Not available' end out = out .. '</li></ul>' return out end return p tt7jma42szru3fvjtkiy5k4yj3fs7sy 828 3479 18105 2026-08-22T12:42:54Z V321T4S 2759 Module config na imbaru 18105 Scribunto text/plain -- Module to display an icon with a tooltip such as "Edit this at Wikidata". -- Icon is linked to the Wikidata entry for the article where this is placed. -- This message is only displayed if a local_parameter is not supplied -- i.e. when called from a template, it can be coded not to display the message. -- The qid of a Wikidata entry can optionally be supplied for testing outside the article. -- Usage: -- {{#invoke:EditAtWikidata|showMessage|local_parameter}} -- {{#invoke:EditAtWikidata|showMessage|qid=<ArticleID>|local_parameter}} local p = {} local i18n = { ["message"] = "Edit this at Wikidata" } local function trimToNil(text) -- Return trimmed non-empty text, or nil. if type(text) == 'string' then return text:match('(%S.-)%s*$') end end function p._showMessage(args) local local_parm = trimToNil(args[1]) if local_parm then return "" end -- Parameter qid=x specifies the Wikidata ID for the article. -- This is not normally used except for testing outside the article. local qid = trimToNil(args.qid) or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if qid and mw.wikibase.entityExists(qid) then -- Parameter pid=x uses x as an anchor in the link to the Wikidata entry. local anchor = trimToNil(args.pid) -- Parameter nbsp replaces the leading space with &nbsp; local space = trimToNil(args.nbsp) and "&nbsp;" or " " return space .. "[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px" .. "|alt=" .. i18n.message .. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. qid .. (anchor and ("#" .. anchor) or "") .. "|class=noprint" .. "|" .. i18n.message .. "]]" end return "" end function p.showMessage(frame) return p._showMessage(frame.args) end return p hod1hfo0n331jsuhscew67pebepcmju 828 3480 18106 2026-08-22T12:48:52Z V321T4S 2759 Module config na imbaru 18106 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} --[[======================================================]] --[[ Format validation functions ]] --[[======================================================]] function p.botanistV(id) return mw.ustring.match(id,"^[%u%l%d%. '-]+$") end -- NCDA: NOID Check Digit Algorithm; see [[wikipedia:Check digit#NCDA]] local ncda -- leave this as a local since NCDA is commonly used among ARK identifiers and could be useful for validating other identifiers later do -- initialize these constants only once but scope them in a block so local namespace doesn't get cluttered with these local r29s = [[0123456789bcdfghjkmnpqrstvwxz]] -- radix 29 "betanumeric" digit string local r29n = r29s:len() local r29v2d, r29d2v = {}, {} for i = 1, r29n do local v, d = i-1, r29s:sub(i, i) r29v2d[v], r29d2v[d] = d, v end function ncda(sid) local n, sum = sid:len(), 0 for i = 1, n do sum = sum + i * (r29d2v[sid:sub(i, i)] or 0) end return r29v2d[sum % r29n] end end function p.validateBNF(id) local FRBNF = id:sub(1, -2) return FRBNF:match('^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') ~= nil and ncda('cb'..FRBNF) == id:sub(-1) and id end function p.validateIsni(id) --Validate ISNI (and ORCID) and returns it as a 16 characters string or returns false if it's invalid. See http://support.orcid.org/knowledgebase/articles/116780-structure-of-the-orcid-identifier id = id:gsub( '[ %-]', '' ):upper() if not id:match( '^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]$' ) then return false end local total = 0 for i = 1, 15 do local digit = id:byte( i ) - 48 --Get integer value total = (total + digit) * 2 end local remainder = total % 11 local result = (12 - remainder) % 11 local checkdigit if result == 10 then checkdigit = 'X' else checkdigit=tostring( result ) end if checkdigit ~= string.char( id:byte( 16 ) ) then return false end return id end function p.orcidV(id) id = p.validateIsni(id) if not id then return false end return id:sub( 1, 4 )..'-'..id:sub( 5, 8 )..'-'..id:sub( 9, 12 )..'-'..id:sub( 13, 16 ) end function p.tlsV(id) id = id:gsub(' +', '_') local idlen = mw.ustring.len(id) if idlen < 4 or idlen > 90 then return false end local regex = '^%u'..string.rep("[%w_',%.%-%(%)%*%/–&]", idlen - 1)..'$' if not mw.ustring.match(id,regex ) then return false end return id end --[[======================================================]] --[[ Custom link functions ]] --[[======================================================]] function p.ISILlink(id,label) if not id:match('^%D%D?%D?%D?%-.+$') then return false end for _, prefix in ipairs({'AT', 'AU', 'BE', 'CA', 'CH', 'DE', 'FI', 'FR', 'IT', 'KR', 'NZ', 'US', 'ZDB'}) do if id:match('^'..prefix..'%-') then return '[https://w3id.org/isil/'..id..' ' .. (label or 'ISIL') .. ']' end end return '[[International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations|ISIL]]: ' .. id end function p.uscgLink(id) local id2 = id:match( '^[1-7]%-%d%d?%d?%d?%d?$' ) or id:match( '^[1-7]%-%d%d?%d?%d?%d?%.%d*[1-9]$' ) if id2 then return '[https://www.navcen.uscg.gov/pdf/lightlists/LightList%20V'..mw.ustring.sub(id2,1,1)..'.pdf '..id2..']' else return false end end function p.ccg(id) id = id:match('^[NAIP]?[1-9]%d*$') or id:match('^[NAIP]?[1-9]%d*%.%d+$') if not id then return false end local link = 'https://www.notmar.gc.ca/' local prefix = string.sub(id, 1, 1) -- get first character of id local suffix = string.sub(id, 2) -- remove first character of id local interval = require('Module:Interval')._main local v if prefix=='N' then local int = interval({1, 7.5, 14.4, 100, 121, 173, 211, 235, 269.99, 326, 396, 450.1, 471.7, 499, n=suffix}) if int=='1-2' then v = 1 elseif int=='2-3' then v = 75 elseif int=='3-4' then v = 144 elseif int=='4-5' then v = 100 elseif int=='5-6' then v = 121 elseif int=='6-7' then v = 173 elseif int=='7-8' then v = 211 elseif int=='8-9' then v = 235 elseif int=='9-10' then v = 26999 elseif int=='10-11' then v = 326 elseif int=='11-12' then v = 396 elseif int=='12-13' then v = 4501 elseif int=='13-14' then v = 4717 elseif int=='14-15' then v = 499 end link = link .. 'publications/list-lights/newfoundland/n' .. v .. '-en' elseif prefix=='A' then local int = interval({5, 114.5, 145, 163, 268, 271, 301.5, 327, 686.5, 704.85, 883.2, 942, 1085, 1169.1, 1584.5, 1773, 1823.55, 2190, 2369, 2389, n=suffix}) if int=='1-2' then v = 5 elseif int=='2-3' then v = 1145 elseif int=='3-4' then v = 145 elseif int=='4-5' then v = 162 elseif int=='5-6' then v = 268 elseif int=='6-7' then v = 271 elseif int=='7-8' then v = 3015 elseif int=='8-9' then v = 327 elseif int=='9-10' then v = 6865 elseif int=='10-11' then v = 7048 elseif int=='11-12' then v = 883 elseif int=='12-13' then v = 942 elseif int=='13-14' then v = 1085 elseif int=='14-15' then v = 11691 elseif int=='15-16' then v = 15845 elseif int=='16-17' then v = 1773 elseif int=='17-18' then v = 182355 elseif int=='18-19' then v = 2190 elseif int=='19-20' then v = 2369 elseif int=='20-21' then v = 2389 end link = link .. 'publications/list-lights/atl/a' .. v .. '-en' elseif prefix=='I' then local int = interval({0.05, 401.1, 403.4, 551.06, 552, 624, 708, 731.2, 768, 814, 983, 1046, 1059.6, 1082, 1162, 1204.7, 1233.3, 1328, 1330, 1346.2, 1377.8, 1408, 1410, 1420, 1445, 1470, 1520, 1534, 1540.6, 1554, 1557.7, 1558.8, 1563.1, 1625.5, 1671.7, 1716.96, 2545, n=suffix}) if int=='1-2' then v = '01' elseif int=='2-3' then v = 4011 elseif int=='3-4' then v = 4034 elseif int=='4-5' then v = 55106 elseif int=='5-6' then v = 552 elseif int=='6-7' then v = 624 elseif int=='7-8' then v = 708 elseif int=='8-9' then v = 7312 elseif int=='9-10' then v = 768 elseif int=='10-11' then v = 814 elseif int=='11-12' then v = 983 elseif int=='12-13' then v = 1046 elseif int=='13-14' then v = 10596 elseif int=='14-15' then v = 1082 elseif int=='15-16' then v = 1162 elseif int=='16-17' then v = 12047 elseif int=='17-18' then v = 12333 elseif int=='18-19' then v = 1328 elseif int=='19-20' then v = 1330 elseif int=='20-21' then v = 13462 elseif int=='21-22' then v = 13778 elseif int=='22-23' then v = 1408 elseif int=='23-24' then v = 1410 elseif int=='24-25' then v = 1420 elseif int=='25-26' then v = 1445 elseif int=='26-27' then v = 1470 elseif int=='27-28' then v = 1520 elseif int=='28-29' then v = 1534 elseif int=='29-30' then v = 15406 elseif int=='30-31' then v = 1554 elseif int=='31-32' then v = 15577 elseif int=='32-33' then v = 15588 elseif int=='33-34' then v = 1562 elseif int=='34-35' then v = 16255 elseif int=='35-36' then v = 16717 elseif int=='36-37' then v = 171696 elseif int=='37-38' then v = 2545 end link = link .. 'publications/list-lights/inland-waters/i' .. v .. '-en' elseif prefix=='P' then link = link .. 'publications/list-lights/pac/p' else link = link .. 'list-lights' end return '[[CCG (identifier)|CCG]]: [' .. link .. ' ' .. id .. ']' end return p mgku9gzaar8u6cdkjptv9kfkm0wsqrc 10 3481 18109 2026-08-22T12:52:49Z V321T4S 2759 templat na imbaru 18109 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Templat:Tooltip/styles.css" />{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{link}}}}}|yes |[[{{{1}}}|<span class="rt-commentedText tooltip {{#ifeq:{{yesno-yes|{{{dotted}}}}}|no||tooltip-dotted}} {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{{1|}}}</span>]] |<span class="rt-commentedText tooltip {{#ifeq:{{yesno-yes|{{{dotted}}}}}|no||tooltip-dotted}} {{{class|}}}" {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} title="{{#tag:nowiki|{{#invoke:String|replace|{{{2|}}}|"|&quot;}}}}">{{Encodefirst|{{trim|1={{{1|}}}}}}}</span> }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using tooltip with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Templat:Tooltip]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| 1 | 2 | class | dotted | id | link | style }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> q2dm3lb7ko75ablc7q33yad706htvt3 10 3482 18110 2026-08-22T12:53:21Z V321T4S 2759 templat css na imbaru 18110 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .tooltip-dotted { border-bottom: 1px dotted; cursor: help; } a3nuuy8e07xkoz1hiw7pmpuv4gixony 10 3483 18111 2026-08-22T12:54:26Z V321T4S 2759 templat na imbaru 18111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:MultiReplace|main|1={{{1}}}|2=^:|3=&#58;|4=^;|5=&#59;|6=^*|7=&#42;|8=^#|9=&#35;}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> fgsuijq1qbeeru97jz4uaebxs5w3y9x 828 3484 18112 2026-08-22T12:55:27Z V321T4S 2759 Module na imbaru 18112 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local function MultiReplace(args) local input = args[1] or "{{{1}}}" local plain = args.plain == "yes" local i = 1 local changeList = {} while args[i * 2] do local change = {pattern = args[i * 2], repl = args[i * 2 + 1]} if not change.repl then return require('Module:Error').error{ 'MultiReplace: Unpaired argument: <code>' .. (i * 2) .. ' = ' .. mw.text.nowiki(change.pattern) .. '</code>' } end changeList[i] = change i = i + 1 end local matchList = {} local pos = 1 local len = mw.ustring.len(input) local result = "" while pos <= len do local bestStart = len + 1 local bestStop = len local bestChange for _, change in ipairs(changeList) do local start, stop = mw.ustring.find(input, change.pattern, pos, plain) if start and (start < bestStart) then bestStart = start bestStop = stop bestChange = change end end result = result .. mw.ustring.sub(input, pos, bestStart - 1) if bestChange then local fragment = mw.ustring.sub(input, bestStart, bestStop) result = result .. (plain and bestChange.repl or mw.ustring.gsub(fragment, bestChange.pattern, bestChange.repl, 1)) end pos = bestStop + 1 end return result end function p.main(frame, ...) local args = type(frame) ~= 'table' and {frame, ...} or type(frame.args) ~= 'table' and frame or frame.args[1] and frame.args or frame:getParent().args return MultiReplace(args) end return p 6zo47ee57vf0m5j8jpjxogh6942fd2q 10 3485 18113 2026-08-22T12:57:00Z V321T4S 2759 templat na imbaru 18113 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#if:1|{{{x|{{{1|}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} [[Horong:Templat manipulasi string]] </noinclude> l9o58b3ighcn6fy943jfcyu27ew05wp 10 3486 18537 2026-08-22T18:54:40Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18537 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>(</nowiki>bagas&nbsp;hata&nbsp;{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#switch: {{{1}}} |ab = Abkhazia |abl = Abung |akb = Batak Angkola |ar = Arab |arc = Aram |ace = Aceh |ban = Bali |bbc = Batak Toba |bdl = Bajo |bew = Betawi |ber = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Berber |bh = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Bihari |bhd = Bhadarwahi |bhp = Bima |bhv = Bahau |bhz = Bada |bjn = Banjar |bke = Bengkulu |bla = Blekfut |blg = Balau |bnd = Banda |bs = Bosnia |btk = Batak Dairi |btk = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Batak |btm = Batak Mandailing |bts = Batak Simalungun |btx = Batak Karo |btz = Batak Alas–Kluet |bua = Buryat |bug = Bugis |bva = Bukit |bwv = Kenyah Bahau |bxm = Buryat Mongolia |bxr = Buryat Rusia |bxu = Buryat Tiongkok |bya = Ibatag Palawan |byr = Yipma |bzq = Buli |ceb = Sibuano |cel = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Seltik |cu = Slavonik Gereja |cs = Ceko |cv = Cuwash |da = Denmark |de = Jerman |de-at = Jerman Austria |de-ch = Jerman Swiss |egy = Mesir kuno |en = Inggris |en-au = Inggris Australia |en-ca = Inggris Kanada |en-emodeng = Inggris Modern Awal |en-gb = Inggris Britania |en-ie = Inggris Irlandia |en-in = Inggris India |en-nz = Inggris Selandia Baru |en-us = Inggris Amerika |en-za = Inggris Afrika Selatan |eni = Enim |eno = Enggano |es = Spanyol |et = Estonia |el = Yunani |fi = Finlandia |fr = Prancis |frr = Frieslandia Utara |frs = Frieslandia Niedersachsen Timur |fy = Frieslandia Barat |gay = Gayo |gem = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Jermanik |gor = Gorontalo |grc = Yunani Kuno |grc-x-aeolic = Yunani Aiolia |grc-x-attic = Yunani Attika |grc-x-biblical = Yunani Alkitabiah |grc-x-byzant = Yunani Romawi Timur |grc-x-classic = Yunani Klasik |grc-x-doric = Yunani Doria |grc-x-hellen = Yunani Helenistik |grc-x-ionic = Yunani Ionia |grc-x-koine = Yunani Koine |grc-x-medieval = Yunani Pertengahan |grc-x-patris = Yunani Patristik |he = Ibrani |heg = Helong |hu = Hungaria |id = Indonesia |id-x-classic = Indonesia klasik |ilo = Iloko |ind = Indonesia |is = Islandia |it = Italia |itd = Tidung Selatan |ja = Jepang |jam = Jamaika Patois |jas = Jawa Kaledonia Baru |jax = Palembang Jambi |jv = Jawa |jv-x-central = Jawa Tengah |jvn = Jawa Karibia |ka = Georgia |kaw = Jawa kuno |kbv = Dera |kk = Kazakh |kkv = Kangean |kkv-x-central = Kangean Tengah |kkv-x-west = Kangean Barat |knh = Kenyah |ko = Korea |ksh-x-colog = Kölsch |kvr = Kerinci |kxg = Katingan |la = Latin |lad = Ladino |lcf = Lubu |lij = Liguria Roma |ljp = Lampung |lmt = Lematang |lnt = Lintang |lti = Leti |mad = Madura |mak = Makassar |mdr = Mandar |mhr = Meadow Mari |mla = Tamambo |ms = Melayu |ms-bn = Melayu Brunei |ms-my = Melayu Malaysia |ms-sg = Melayu Singapura |mfa = Yawi |mfb = Bangka |mhs = Buru |mid = Manda modern |min = Minangkabau |mis-x-ripuar = Ripuari |mnh = Mono Kongo |mnr = Mono Kalifornia |mru = Mono Kamerun |mte = Mono Alu |mui = Musi |mwv = Mentawai |mxn = Moi |myn = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Maya |nah = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Nahuatl |nan-tw = Hokkien Taiwan |nia = Nias |nij = Ngaju |nl = Belanda |no = Norwegia |nrf = Norman |ntd = Tidung Utara |nul = Nusa Laut |nzi = Nzema |ogn = Ogan |ojv = Ontong Jawa |omy = Melayu kuno |orv = Slavik Timur kuno |osi = Osing |osn = Sunda kuno |pdu = Padaung |pea = Indonesia Peranakan |pel = Pekal |pen = Penesak |pl = Polandia |plm = Palembang |pms = Piedmont |pra = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Prakrit |ps = Pashto |pse = Basemah |pt = Portugis |rej = Rejang |ro = Rumania |roa = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Roman |ru = Rusia |rws = Rawas |sal = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Salisya |sdd = Semendo |si = Sinhala |sk = Slowakia |sl = Slowenia |sla = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Slavik |smw = Sumbawa |snb = Sebuyau |sne = Jagoi |son = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Songhai |spb = Sepa |sq = Albania |sr-cyrl = Serbia |srj = Serawai |stq = Friesland Saterland |su = Sunda |sv = Swedia |tes = Tengger |tid = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Tidung |tmn = Dayak Taman |tr = Turki |uz = Uzbek |vi = Vietnam |vkk = Kaur |vn = Vietnam |whk = Kenyah Wahau |whu = Wahau |wen = <!--rumpun bahasa -->Sorbia |wmm = Maiwa |wrg = Warrongo |xah = Kahayan |xal-ru = Kalmyk |xay = Kayan Mahakam |xkd = Mendalam |xkm = Kenyah Mahakam |xkn = Kayan Baku |xmm = Manado |xlg = Liguria kuno |yuf-x-hav = Hawasupai |yuf-x-wal = Walapai |yuf-x-yav = Yawapai |zh = Mandarin |zh-hans = Mandarin |zh-tw = Mandarin Taiwan |ahl = alih aksara Akademi Bahasa Ibrani |ala = alih aksara American Library Association – Library of Congress |ala-lc = alih aksara American Library Association – Library of Congress |batr = Ketentuan Transliterasi Bahasa Arab Bikdash |bgn/pcgn = alih aksara Board on Geographic Names / Permanent Committee on Geographical Names |din = alih aksara DIN |eae = alih aksara Ensiklopedi Aethiopica |hepburn = alih aksara Hepburn |iast = alih aksara Alfabet Sanskerta Internasional |iso = alih aksara ISO |mr = alih aksara McCune–Reischauer |nihon-shiki = alih aksara Nihon-shiki |pinyin = alih aksara Pinyin |rr = alih aksara Romanisasi Korea Terbaru |rtgs = Sistem Transkripsi Umum Kerajaan Thailand |satts = alih aksara Sistem Transliterasi Teknis Bahasa Arab Baku |ungegn = alih aksara United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names |wehr = alih aksara Hans Wehr |und = ''tidak ditentukan''[[Horong:Alaman dohot argumen templat na dilaoshon]] |#default=''ndang binoto''[[Horong:Alaman dohot argumen templat na dilaoshon]] }}<nowiki>)</nowiki><noinclude> [[Horong:Templat hata]] </noinclude> 9pc7upuontoni0jh7xt3g6ie7dp9cph 10 3487 18538 2026-08-22T18:55:47Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{#property:P856}}|{{URL|{{if empty|{{wikidata|property|P856|P407=Q9240}}|{{wikidata|property|P856}}}}}}{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P856}}}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> gouqabkf6hwo79ly575ogjsccnwh1vj 10 3488 18539 2026-08-22T18:56:29Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18539 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:Wd|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> aqnmh4azo4jle51xny4knl3b1hl9873 10 3489 18540 2026-08-22T18:59:18Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- AMBAHON HORONG DOHOT PRANALA ANTARHATA DI TORU ON --> {{lua|Modul:Wd}} '''Usage:''' <nowiki>{{Wikidata| 1=Property | 2=Override}}</nowiki> :1: Property from wikidata, mandatory :2: Override, could be a parameter of the template, then in the form of <nowiki>{{{parameter|}}}</nowiki> ::: Only if the override is blank the data is retrieved from Wikidata. ::: If the data on Wikidata is the same as the override it is advisable to remove the parameter value. Any update is on Wikidata will then be shown immediately. :More parameters needed? :* A parameter (or parameters) to check if data on Wikidata is the same as the override, or if data on Wikidata is missing, could be used for alerting maintenance (for instance by the use of hidden categories) :::* Check data on Wikidata is the same as the override -> Category: unneeded Wikidata override parameter :::* Check data on Wikidata is missing -> Category: missing Wikidata value :::* Check Check data on Wikidata is different from the override -> Category: check Wikidata inconsistency :* Qualifier / sources etc. <includeonly> [[Horong:Templat berbasis Lua]] </includeonly> jcu2a7kwy7g2o7vb8lukxwv3iqc8nup 18541 18540 2026-08-22T18:59:52Z V321T4S 2759 manturehon gurit na sala 18541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- AMBAHON HORONG DOHOT PRANALA ANTARHATA DI TORU ON --> {{lua|Module:Wd}} '''Usage:''' <nowiki>{{Wikidata| 1=Property | 2=Override}}</nowiki> :1: Property from wikidata, mandatory :2: Override, could be a parameter of the template, then in the form of <nowiki>{{{parameter|}}}</nowiki> ::: Only if the override is blank the data is retrieved from Wikidata. ::: If the data on Wikidata is the same as the override it is advisable to remove the parameter value. Any update is on Wikidata will then be shown immediately. :More parameters needed? :* A parameter (or parameters) to check if data on Wikidata is the same as the override, or if data on Wikidata is missing, could be used for alerting maintenance (for instance by the use of hidden categories) :::* Check data on Wikidata is the same as the override -> Category: unneeded Wikidata override parameter :::* Check data on Wikidata is missing -> Category: missing Wikidata value :::* Check Check data on Wikidata is different from the override -> Category: check Wikidata inconsistency :* Qualifier / sources etc. <includeonly> [[Horong:Templat berbasis Lua]] </includeonly> 42vg2oz0jeep83j0hclbyl4b28giyi3 828 3490 18542 2026-08-22T19:00:52Z V321T4S 2759 Modul na imbaru 18542 Scribunto text/plain -- Original module located at [[:en:Module:Wd]] and [[:en:Module:Wd/i18n]]. require("strict") local p = {} local module_arg = ... local i18n local i18nPath local function loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) local title if frame then -- current module invoked by page/template, get its title from frame title = frame:getTitle() else -- current module included by other module, get its title from ... title = module_arg end if not i18n then i18nPath = title .. "/i18n" i18n = require(i18nPath).init(aliasesP) end end p.claimCommands = { property = "property", properties = "properties", qualifier = "qualifier", qualifiers = "qualifiers", reference = "reference", references = "references" } p.generalCommands = { label = "label", title = "title", description = "description", alias = "alias", aliases = "aliases", badge = "badge", badges = "badges" } p.flags = { linked = "linked", short = "short", raw = "raw", multilanguage = "multilanguage", unit = "unit", ------------- preferred = "preferred", normal = "normal", deprecated = "deprecated", best = "best", future = "future", current = "current", former = "former", edit = "edit", editAtEnd = "edit@end", mdy = "mdy", single = "single", sourced = "sourced" } p.args = { eid = "eid", page = "page", date = "date", globalSiteId = "globalSiteId" } local aliasesP = { coord = "P625", ----------------------- image = "P18", author = "P50", authorNameString = "P2093", publisher = "P123", importedFrom = "P143", wikimediaImportURL = "P4656", statedIn = "P248", pages = "P304", language = "P407", hasPart = "P527", publicationDate = "P577", startTime = "P580", endTime = "P582", chapter = "P792", retrieved = "P813", referenceURL = "P854", sectionVerseOrParagraph = "P958", archiveURL = "P1065", title = "P1476", formatterURL = "P1630", quote = "P1683", shortName = "P1813", definingFormula = "P2534", archiveDate = "P2960", inferredFrom = "P3452", typeOfReference = "P3865", column = "P3903", subjectNamedAs = "P1810", wikidataProperty = "P1687", publishedIn = "P1433", lastUpdate = "P5017" } local aliasesQ = { percentage = "Q11229", prolepticJulianCalendar = "Q1985786", citeWeb = "Q5637226", citeQ = "Q22321052" } local parameters = { property = "%p", qualifier = "%q", reference = "%r", alias = "%a", badge = "%b", separator = "%s", general = "%x" } local formats = { property = "%p[%s][%r]", qualifier = "%q[%s][%r]", reference = "%r", propertyWithQualifier = "%p[ <span style=\"font-size:85\\%\">(%q)</span>][%s][%r]", alias = "%a[%s]", badge = "%b[%s]" } local hookNames = { -- {level_1, level_2} [parameters.property] = {"getProperty"}, [parameters.reference] = {"getReferences", "getReference"}, [parameters.qualifier] = {"getAllQualifiers"}, [parameters.qualifier.."\\d"] = {"getQualifiers", "getQualifier"}, [parameters.alias] = {"getAlias"}, [parameters.badge] = {"getBadge"} } -- default value objects, should NOT be mutated but instead copied local defaultSeparators = { ["sep"] = {" "}, ["sep%s"] = {","}, ["sep%q"] = {"; "}, ["sep%q\\d"] = {", "}, ["sep%r"] = nil, -- none ["punc"] = nil -- none } local rankTable = { ["preferred"] = 1, ["normal"] = 2, ["deprecated"] = 3 } local function replaceAlias(id) if aliasesP[id] then id = aliasesP[id] end return id end local function errorText(code, ...) local text = i18n["errors"][code] if arg then text = mw.ustring.format(text, unpack(arg)) end return text end local function throwError(errorMessage, ...) error(errorText(errorMessage, unpack(arg))) end local function replaceDecimalMark(num) return mw.ustring.gsub(num, "[.]", i18n['numeric']['decimal-mark'], 1) end local function padZeros(num, numDigits) local numZeros local negative = false if num < 0 then negative = true num = num * -1 end num = tostring(num) numZeros = numDigits - num:len() for _ = 1, numZeros do num = "0"..num end if negative then num = "-"..num end return num end local function replaceSpecialChar(chr) if chr == '_' then -- replace underscores with spaces return ' ' else return chr end end local function replaceSpecialChars(str) local chr local esc = false local strOut = "" for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then esc = true else strOut = strOut .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else strOut = strOut .. chr esc = false end end return strOut end local function buildWikilink(target, label) if not label or target == label then return "[[" .. target .. "]]" else return "[[" .. target .. "|" .. label .. "]]" end end -- used to make frame.args mutable, to replace #frame.args (which is always 0) -- with the actual amount and to simply copy tables local function copyTable(tIn) if not tIn then return nil end local tOut = {} for i, v in pairs(tIn) do tOut[i] = v end return tOut end -- used to merge output arrays together; -- note that it currently mutates the first input array local function mergeArrays(a1, a2) for i = 1, #a2 do a1[#a1 + 1] = a2[i] end return a1 end local function split(str, del) local out = {} local i, j = str:find(del) if i and j then out[1] = str:sub(1, i - 1) out[2] = str:sub(j + 1) else out[1] = str end return out end local function parseWikidataURL(url) local id if url:match('^http[s]?://') then id = split(url, "Q") if id[2] then return "Q" .. id[2] end end return nil end local function parseDate(dateStr, precision) precision = precision or "d" local i, j, index, ptr local parts = {nil, nil, nil} if dateStr == nil then return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end -- 'T' for snak values, '/' for outputs with '/Julian' attached i, j = dateStr:find("[T/]") if i then dateStr = dateStr:sub(1, i-1) end local from = 1 if dateStr:sub(1,1) == "-" then -- this is a negative number, look further ahead from = 2 end index = 1 ptr = 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", from) if i then -- year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) -- explicitly give base 10 to prevent error if parts[index] == -0 then parts[index] = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'parts[index] = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end if precision == "y" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 i, j = dateStr:find("-", ptr) if i then -- month parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr, i-1), 10) if precision == "m" then -- we're done return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end index = index + 1 ptr = i + 1 end end if dateStr:sub(ptr) ~= "" then -- day if we have month, month if we have year, or year parts[index] = tonumber(dateStr:sub(ptr), 10) end return parts[1], parts[2], parts[3] -- year, month, day end local function datePrecedesDate(aY, aM, aD, bY, bM, bD) if aY == nil or bY == nil then return nil end aM = aM or 1 aD = aD or 1 bM = bM or 1 bD = bD or 1 if aY < bY then return true end if aY > bY then return false end if aM < bM then return true end if aM > bM then return false end if aD < bD then return true end return false end local function getHookName(param, index) if hookNames[param] then return hookNames[param][index] elseif param:len() > 2 then return hookNames[param:sub(1, 2).."\\d"][index] else return nil end end local function alwaysTrue() return true end -- The following function parses a format string. -- -- The example below shows how a parsed string is structured in memory. -- Variables other than 'str' and 'child' are left out for clarity's sake. -- -- Example: -- "A %p B [%s[%q1]] C [%r] D" -- -- Structure: -- [ -- { -- str = "A " -- }, -- { -- str = "%p" -- }, -- { -- str = " B ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%s", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%q1" -- } -- ] -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " C ", -- child = -- [ -- { -- str = "%r" -- } -- ] -- }, -- { -- str = " D" -- } -- ] -- local function parseFormat(str) local chr, esc, param, root, cur, prev, new local params = {} local function newObject(array) local obj = {} -- new object obj.str = "" array[#array + 1] = obj -- array{object} obj.parent = array return obj end local function endParam() if param > 0 then if cur.str ~= "" then cur.str = "%"..cur.str cur.param = true params[cur.str] = true cur.parent.req[cur.str] = true prev = cur cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 0 end end root = {} -- array root.req = {} cur = newObject(root) prev = nil esc = false param = 0 for i = 1, #str do chr = str:sub(i,i) if not esc then if chr == '\\' then endParam() esc = true elseif chr == '%' then endParam() if cur.str ~= "" then cur = newObject(cur.parent) end param = 2 elseif chr == '[' then endParam() if prev and cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) cur = prev end cur.child = {} -- new array cur.child.req = {} cur.child.parent = cur cur = newObject(cur.child) elseif chr == ']' then endParam() if cur.parent.parent then new = newObject(cur.parent.parent.parent) if cur.str == "" then table.remove(cur.parent) end cur = new end else if param > 1 then param = param - 1 elseif param == 1 then if not chr:match('%d') then endParam() end end cur.str = cur.str .. replaceSpecialChar(chr) end else cur.str = cur.str .. chr esc = false end prev = nil end endParam() -- make sure that at least one required parameter has been defined if not next(root.req) then throwError("missing-required-parameter") end -- make sure that the separator parameter "%s" is not amongst the required parameters if root.req[parameters.separator] then throwError("extra-required-parameter", parameters.separator) end return root, params end local function sortOnRank(claims) local rankPos local ranks = {{}, {}, {}, {}} -- preferred, normal, deprecated, (default) local sorted = {} for _, v in ipairs(claims) do rankPos = rankTable[v.rank] or 4 ranks[rankPos][#ranks[rankPos] + 1] = v end sorted = ranks[1] sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[2]) sorted = mergeArrays(sorted, ranks[3]) return sorted end local function isValueInTable(searchedItem, inputTable) for _, item in pairs(inputTable) do if item == searchedItem then return true end end return false end local Config = {} -- allows for recursive calls function Config:new() local cfg = {} setmetatable(cfg, self) self.__index = self cfg.separators = { -- single value objects wrapped in arrays so that we can pass by reference ["sep"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep"])}, ["sep%s"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%s"])}, ["sep%q"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q"])}, ["sep%r"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%r"])}, ["punc"] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["punc"])} } cfg.entity = nil cfg.entityID = nil cfg.propertyID = nil cfg.propertyValue = nil cfg.qualifierIDs = {} cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues = {} cfg.bestRank = true cfg.ranks = {true, true, false} -- preferred = true, normal = true, deprecated = false cfg.foundRank = #cfg.ranks cfg.flagBest = false cfg.flagRank = false cfg.periods = {true, true, true} -- future = true, current = true, former = true cfg.flagPeriod = false cfg.atDate = {parseDate(os.date('!%Y-%m-%d'))} -- today as {year, month, day} cfg.mdyDate = false cfg.singleClaim = false cfg.sourcedOnly = false cfg.editable = false cfg.editAtEnd = false cfg.inSitelinks = false cfg.langCode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code cfg.langName = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(cfg.langCode, cfg.langCode) cfg.langObj = mw.language.new(cfg.langCode) cfg.siteID = mw.wikibase.getGlobalSiteId() cfg.states = {} cfg.states.qualifiersCount = 0 cfg.curState = nil cfg.prefetchedRefs = nil return cfg end local State = {} function State:new(cfg, type) local stt = {} setmetatable(stt, self) self.__index = self stt.conf = cfg stt.type = type stt.results = {} stt.parsedFormat = {} stt.separator = {} stt.movSeparator = {} stt.puncMark = {} stt.linked = false stt.rawValue = false stt.shortName = false stt.anyLanguage = false stt.unitOnly = false stt.singleValue = false return stt end -- if id == nil then item connected to current page is used function Config:getLabel(id, raw, link, short) local label = nil local prefix, title= "", nil if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() if not id then return "" end end id = id:upper() -- just to be sure if raw then -- check if given id actually exists if mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) and mw.wikibase.entityExists(id) then label = id end prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", label -- may be nil else -- try short name first if requested if short then label = p._property{aliasesP.shortName, [p.args.eid] = id} -- get short name if label == "" then label = nil end end -- get label if not label then label = mw.wikibase.getLabel(id) end end if not label then label = "" elseif link then -- build a link if requested if not title then if id:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) elseif id:sub(1,1) == "P" then -- properties have no sitelink, link to Wikidata instead prefix, title = "d:Special:EntityPage/", id end end label = mw.text.nowiki(label) -- escape raw label text so it cannot be wikitext markup if title then label = buildWikilink(prefix .. title, label) end end return label end function Config:getEditIcon() local value = "" local prefix = "" local front = "&nbsp;" local back = "" if self.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then prefix = "Property:" end if self.editAtEnd then front = '<span style="float:' if self.langObj:isRTL() then front = front .. 'left' else front = front .. 'right' end front = front .. '">' back = '</span>' end value = "[[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg|frameless|text-top|10px|alt=" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. prefix .. self.entityID .. "?uselang=" .. self.langCode if self.propertyID then value = value .. "#" .. self.propertyID elseif self.inSitelinks then value = value .. "#sitelinks-wikipedia" end value = value .. "|" .. i18n['info']['edit-on-wikidata'] .. "]]" return front .. value .. back end -- used to create the final output string when it's all done, so that for references the -- function extensionTag("ref", ...) is only called when they really ended up in the final output function Config:concatValues(valuesArray) local outString = "" local j, skip for i = 1, #valuesArray do -- check if this is a reference if valuesArray[i].refHash then j = i - 1 skip = false -- skip this reference if it is part of a continuous row of references that already contains the exact same reference while valuesArray[j] and valuesArray[j].refHash do if valuesArray[i].refHash == valuesArray[j].refHash then skip = true break end j = j - 1 end if not skip then -- add <ref> tag with the reference's hash as its name (to deduplicate references) outString = outString .. mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", valuesArray[i][1], {name = valuesArray[i].refHash}) end else outString = outString .. valuesArray[i][1] end end return outString end function Config:convertUnit(unit, raw, link, short, unitOnly) local space = " " local label = "" local itemID if unit == "" or unit == "1" then return nil end if unitOnly then space = "" end itemID = parseWikidataURL(unit) if itemID then if itemID == aliasesQ.percentage then return "%" else label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label ~= "" then return space .. label end end end return "" end function State:getValue(snak) return self.conf:getValue(snak, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName, self.anyLanguage, self.unitOnly, false, self.type:sub(1,2)) end function Config:getValue(snak, raw, link, short, anyLang, unitOnly, noSpecial, type) if snak.snaktype == 'value' then local datatype = snak.datavalue.type local subtype = snak.datatype local datavalue = snak.datavalue.value if datatype == 'string' then if subtype == 'url' and link then -- create link explicitly if raw then -- will render as a linked number like [1] return "[" .. datavalue .. "]" else return "[" .. datavalue .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" end elseif subtype == 'commonsMedia' then if link then return buildWikilink("c:File:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif not raw then return "[[File:" .. datavalue .. "]]" else return datavalue end elseif subtype == 'geo-shape' and link then return buildWikilink("c:" .. datavalue, datavalue) elseif subtype == 'math' and not raw then local attribute = nil if (type == parameters.property or (type == parameters.qualifier and self.propertyID == aliasesP.hasPart)) and snak.property == aliasesP.definingFormula then attribute = {qid = self.entityID} end return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("math", datavalue, attribute) elseif subtype == 'external-id' and link then local url = p._property{aliasesP.formatterURL, [p.args.eid] = snak.property} -- get formatter URL if url ~= "" then url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, "$1", datavalue) return "[" .. url .. " " .. datavalue .. "]" else return datavalue end else return datavalue end elseif datatype == 'monolingualtext' then if anyLang or datavalue['language'] == self.langCode then return datavalue['text'] else return nil end elseif datatype == 'quantity' then local value = "" local unit if not unitOnly then -- get value and strip + signs from front value = mw.ustring.gsub(datavalue['amount'], "^%+(.+)$", "%1") if raw then return value end -- replace decimal mark based on locale value = replaceDecimalMark(value) -- add delimiters for readability value = i18n.addDelimiters(value) end unit = self:convertUnit(datavalue['unit'], raw, link, short, unitOnly) if unit then value = value .. unit end return value elseif datatype == 'time' then local y, m, d, p, yDiv, yRound, yFull, value, calendarID, dateStr local yFactor = 1 local sign = 1 local prefix = "" local suffix = "" local mayAddCalendar = false local calendar = "" local precision = datavalue['precision'] if precision == 11 then p = "d" elseif precision == 10 then p = "m" else p = "y" yFactor = 10^(9-precision) end y, m, d = parseDate(datavalue['time'], p) if y < 0 then sign = -1 y = y * sign end -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of years if precision <= 8 then yDiv = y / yFactor -- if precision is tens/hundreds/thousands of years if precision >= 6 then mayAddCalendar = true if precision <= 7 then -- round centuries/millenniums up (e.g. 20th century or 3rd millennium) yRound = math.ceil(yDiv) if not raw then if precision == 6 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['millennium'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['century'] end suffix = i18n.getOrdinalSuffix(yRound) .. suffix else -- if not verbose, take the first year of the century/millennium -- (e.g. 1901 for 20th century or 2001 for 3rd millennium) yRound = (yRound - 1) * yFactor + 1 end else -- precision == 8 -- round decades down (e.g. 2010s) yRound = math.floor(yDiv) * yFactor if not raw then prefix = i18n['datetime']['prefixes']['decade-period'] suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['decade-period'] end end if raw and sign < 0 then -- if BCE then compensate for "counting backwards" -- (e.g. -2019 for 2010s BCE, -2000 for 20th century BCE or -3000 for 3rd millennium BCE) yRound = yRound + yFactor - 1 end else local yReFactor, yReDiv, yReRound -- round to nearest for tens of thousands of years or more yRound = math.floor(yDiv + 0.5) if yRound == 0 then if precision <= 2 and y ~= 0 then yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = y / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years only if we have a whole number of them precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end if yRound == 0 then -- otherwise, take the unrounded (original) number of years precision = 5 yFactor = 1 yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end end if precision >= 1 and y ~= 0 then yFull = yRound * yFactor yReFactor = 1e9 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to billions of years if we're in that range precision = 0 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound else yReFactor = 1e6 yReDiv = yFull / yReFactor yReRound = math.floor(yReDiv + 0.5) if yReDiv == yReRound then -- change precision to millions of years if we're in that range precision = 3 yFactor = yReFactor yRound = yReRound end end end if not raw then if precision == 3 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['million-years'] elseif precision == 0 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['billion-years'] else yRound = yRound * yFactor if yRound == 1 then suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['year'] else suffix = i18n['datetime']['suffixes']['years'] end end else yRound = yRound * yFactor end end else yRound = y mayAddCalendar = true end if mayAddCalendar then calendarID = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['calendarmodel']) if calendarID and calendarID == aliasesQ.prolepticJulianCalendar then if not raw then if link then calendar = " ("..buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['julian-calendar'], i18n['datetime']['julian'])..")" else calendar = " ("..i18n['datetime']['julian']..")" end else calendar = "/"..i18n['datetime']['julian'] end end end if not raw then local ce = nil if sign < 0 then ce = i18n['datetime']['BCE'] elseif precision <= 5 then ce = i18n['datetime']['CE'] end if ce then if link then ce = buildWikilink(i18n['datetime']['common-era'], ce) end suffix = suffix .. " " .. ce end value = tostring(yRound) if m then dateStr = self.langObj:formatDate("F", "1-"..m.."-1") if d then if self.mdyDate then dateStr = dateStr .. " " .. d .. "," else dateStr = d .. " " .. dateStr end end value = dateStr .. " " .. value end value = prefix .. value .. suffix .. calendar else value = padZeros(yRound * sign, 4) if m then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(m, 2) if d then value = value .. "-" .. padZeros(d, 2) end end value = value .. calendar end return value elseif datatype == 'globecoordinate' then -- logic from https://github.com/DataValues/Geo (v4.0.1) local precision, unitsPerDegree, numDigits, strFormat, value, globe local latitude, latConv, latValue, latLink local longitude, lonConv, lonValue, lonLink local latDirection, latDirectionN, latDirectionS, latDirectionEN local lonDirection, lonDirectionE, lonDirectionW, lonDirectionEN local degSymbol, minSymbol, secSymbol, separator local latDegrees = nil local latMinutes = nil local latSeconds = nil local lonDegrees = nil local lonMinutes = nil local lonSeconds = nil local latDegSym = "" local latMinSym = "" local latSecSym = "" local lonDegSym = "" local lonMinSym = "" local lonSecSym = "" local latDirectionEN_N = "N" local latDirectionEN_S = "S" local lonDirectionEN_E = "E" local lonDirectionEN_W = "W" if not raw then latDirectionN = i18n['coord']['latitude-north'] latDirectionS = i18n['coord']['latitude-south'] lonDirectionE = i18n['coord']['longitude-east'] lonDirectionW = i18n['coord']['longitude-west'] degSymbol = i18n['coord']['degrees'] minSymbol = i18n['coord']['minutes'] secSymbol = i18n['coord']['seconds'] separator = i18n['coord']['separator'] else latDirectionN = latDirectionEN_N latDirectionS = latDirectionEN_S lonDirectionE = lonDirectionEN_E lonDirectionW = lonDirectionEN_W degSymbol = "/" minSymbol = "/" secSymbol = "/" separator = "/" end latitude = datavalue['latitude'] longitude = datavalue['longitude'] if latitude < 0 then latDirection = latDirectionS latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_S latitude = math.abs(latitude) else latDirection = latDirectionN latDirectionEN = latDirectionEN_N end if longitude < 0 then lonDirection = lonDirectionW lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_W longitude = math.abs(longitude) else lonDirection = lonDirectionE lonDirectionEN = lonDirectionEN_E end precision = datavalue['precision'] if not precision or precision <= 0 then precision = 1 / 3600 -- precision not set (correctly), set to arcsecond end -- remove insignificant detail latitude = math.floor(latitude / precision + 0.5) * precision longitude = math.floor(longitude / precision + 0.5) * precision if precision >= 1 - (1 / 60) and precision < 1 then precision = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) - (1 / 3600) and precision < (1 / 60) then precision = 1 / 60 end if precision >= 1 then unitsPerDegree = 1 elseif precision >= (1 / 60) then unitsPerDegree = 60 else unitsPerDegree = 3600 end numDigits = math.ceil(-math.log10(unitsPerDegree * precision)) if numDigits <= 0 then numDigits = tonumber("0") -- for some reason, 'numDigits = 0' may actually store '-0', so parse from string instead end strFormat = "%." .. numDigits .. "f" if precision >= 1 then latDegrees = strFormat:format(latitude) lonDegrees = strFormat:format(longitude) if not raw then latDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(latDegrees) .. degSymbol lonDegSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonDegrees) .. degSymbol else latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol end else latConv = math.floor(latitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits lonConv = math.floor(longitude * unitsPerDegree * 10^numDigits + 0.5) / 10^numDigits if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = latConv lonMinutes = lonConv else latSeconds = latConv lonSeconds = lonConv latMinutes = math.floor(latSeconds / 60) lonMinutes = math.floor(lonSeconds / 60) latSeconds = strFormat:format(latSeconds - (latMinutes * 60)) lonSeconds = strFormat:format(lonSeconds - (lonMinutes * 60)) if not raw then latSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(latSeconds) .. secSymbol lonSecSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonSeconds) .. secSymbol else latSecSym = latSeconds .. secSymbol lonSecSym = lonSeconds .. secSymbol end end latDegrees = math.floor(latMinutes / 60) lonDegrees = math.floor(lonMinutes / 60) latDegSym = latDegrees .. degSymbol lonDegSym = lonDegrees .. degSymbol latMinutes = latMinutes - (latDegrees * 60) lonMinutes = lonMinutes - (lonDegrees * 60) if precision >= (1 / 60) then latMinutes = strFormat:format(latMinutes) lonMinutes = strFormat:format(lonMinutes) if not raw then latMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(latMinutes) .. minSymbol lonMinSym = replaceDecimalMark(lonMinutes) .. minSymbol else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end else latMinSym = latMinutes .. minSymbol lonMinSym = lonMinutes .. minSymbol end end latValue = latDegSym .. latMinSym .. latSecSym .. latDirection lonValue = lonDegSym .. lonMinSym .. lonSecSym .. lonDirection value = latValue .. separator .. lonValue if link then globe = parseWikidataURL(datavalue['globe']) if globe then globe = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(globe, "en"):lower() else globe = "earth" end latLink = table.concat({latDegrees, latMinutes, latSeconds}, "_") lonLink = table.concat({lonDegrees, lonMinutes, lonSeconds}, "_") value = "[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language="..self.langCode.."&params="..latLink.."_"..latDirectionEN.."_"..lonLink.."_"..lonDirectionEN.."_globe:"..globe.." "..value.."]" end return value elseif datatype == 'wikibase-entityid' then local label local itemID = datavalue['numeric-id'] if subtype == 'wikibase-item' then itemID = "Q" .. itemID elseif subtype == 'wikibase-property' then itemID = "P" .. itemID else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', subtype) .. '</strong>' end label = self:getLabel(itemID, raw, link, short) if label == "" then label = nil end return label else return '<strong class="error">' .. errorText('unknown-data-type', datatype) .. '</strong>' end elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' else return i18n['values']['unknown'] end elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' and not noSpecial then if raw then return "" -- empty string represents 'novalue' else return i18n['values']['none'] end else return nil end end function Config:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, qualifierID) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[qualifierID] end if qualifiers and qualifiers[1] then return self:getValue(qualifiers[1], true) -- raw = true else return nil end end function Config:snakEqualsValue(snak, value) local snakValue = self:getValue(snak, true) -- raw = true if snakValue and snak.snaktype == 'value' and snak.datavalue.type == 'wikibase-entityid' then value = value:upper() end return snakValue == value end function Config:setRank(rank) local rankPos if rank == p.flags.best then self.bestRank = true self.flagBest = true -- mark that 'best' flag was given return end if rank:sub(1,9) == p.flags.preferred then rankPos = 1 elseif rank:sub(1,6) == p.flags.normal then rankPos = 2 elseif rank:sub(1,10) == p.flags.deprecated then rankPos = 3 else return end -- one of the rank flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagRank then self.ranks = {false, false, false} -- no other rank flag given before, so unset ranks self.bestRank = self.flagBest -- unsets bestRank only if 'best' flag was not given before self.flagRank = true -- mark that a rank flag was given end if rank:sub(-1) == "+" then for i = rankPos, 1, -1 do self.ranks[i] = true end elseif rank:sub(-1) == "-" then for i = rankPos, #self.ranks do self.ranks[i] = true end else self.ranks[rankPos] = true end end function Config:setPeriod(period) local periodPos if period == p.flags.future then periodPos = 1 elseif period == p.flags.current then periodPos = 2 elseif period == p.flags.former then periodPos = 3 else return end -- one of the period flags was given, check if another one was given before if not self.flagPeriod then self.periods = {false, false, false} -- no other period flag given before, so unset periods self.flagPeriod = true -- mark that a period flag was given end self.periods[periodPos] = true end function Config:qualifierMatches(claim, id, value) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[id] end if qualifiers then for _, v in pairs(qualifiers) do if self:snakEqualsValue(v, value) then return true end end elseif value == "" then -- if the qualifier is not present then treat it the same as the special value 'novalue' return true end return false end function Config:rankMatches(rankPos) if self.bestRank then return (self.ranks[rankPos] and self.foundRank >= rankPos) else return self.ranks[rankPos] end end function Config:timeMatches(claim) local startTime = nil local startTimeY = nil local startTimeM = nil local startTimeD = nil local endTime = nil local endTimeY = nil local endTimeM = nil local endTimeD = nil if self.periods[1] and self.periods[2] and self.periods[3] then -- any time return true end startTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.startTime) if startTime and startTime ~= "" and startTime ~= " " then startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD = parseDate(startTime) end endTime = self:getSingleRawQualifier(claim, aliasesP.endTime) if endTime and endTime ~= "" and endTime ~= " " then endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD = parseDate(endTime) end if startTimeY ~= nil and endTimeY ~= nil and datePrecedesDate(endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD, startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then -- invalidate end time if it precedes start time endTimeY = nil endTimeM = nil endTimeD = nil end if self.periods[1] then -- future if startTimeY and datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD) then return true end end if self.periods[2] then -- current if (startTimeY == nil or not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], startTimeY, startTimeM, startTimeD)) and (endTimeY == nil or datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD)) then return true end end if self.periods[3] then -- former if endTimeY and not datePrecedesDate(self.atDate[1], self.atDate[2], self.atDate[3], endTimeY, endTimeM, endTimeD) then return true end end return false end function Config:processFlag(flag) if not flag then return false end if flag == p.flags.linked then self.curState.linked = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.raw then self.curState.rawValue = true if self.curState == self.states[parameters.reference] then -- raw reference values end with periods and require a separator (other than none) self.separators["sep%r"][1] = {" "} end return true elseif flag == p.flags.short then self.curState.shortName = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.multilanguage then self.curState.anyLanguage = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.unit then self.curState.unitOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.mdy then self.mdyDate = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.single then self.singleClaim = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.sourced then self.sourcedOnly = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.edit then self.editable = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.editAtEnd then self.editable = true self.editAtEnd = true return true elseif flag == p.flags.best or flag:match('^'..p.flags.preferred..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.normal..'[+-]?$') or flag:match('^'..p.flags.deprecated..'[+-]?$') then self:setRank(flag) return true elseif flag == p.flags.future or flag == p.flags.current or flag == p.flags.former then self:setPeriod(flag) return true elseif flag == "" then -- ignore empty flags and carry on return true else return false end end function Config:processFlagOrCommand(flag) local param = "" if not flag then return false end if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.properties then param = parameters.property elseif flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifiers then self.states.qualifiersCount = self.states.qualifiersCount + 1 param = parameters.qualifier .. self.states.qualifiersCount self.separators["sep"..param] = {copyTable(defaultSeparators["sep%q\\d"])} elseif flag == p.claimCommands.reference or flag == p.claimCommands.references then param = parameters.reference else return self:processFlag(flag) end if self.states[param] then return false end -- create a new state for each command self.states[param] = State:new(self, param) -- use "%x" as the general parameter name self.states[param].parsedFormat = parseFormat(parameters.general) -- will be overwritten for param=="%p" -- set the separator self.states[param].separator = self.separators["sep"..param] -- will be nil for param=="%p", which will be set separately if flag == p.claimCommands.property or flag == p.claimCommands.qualifier or flag == p.claimCommands.reference then self.states[param].singleValue = true end self.curState = self.states[param] return true end function Config:processSeparators(args) local sep for i, v in pairs(self.separators) do if args[i] then sep = replaceSpecialChars(args[i]) if sep ~= "" then self.separators[i][1] = {sep} else self.separators[i][1] = nil end end end end function Config:setFormatAndSeparators(state, parsedFormat) state.parsedFormat = parsedFormat state.separator = self.separators["sep"] state.movSeparator = self.separators["sep"..parameters.separator] state.puncMark = self.separators["punc"] end -- determines if a claim has references by prefetching them from the claim using getReferences, -- which applies some filtering that determines if a reference is actually returned, -- and caches the references for later use function State:isSourced(claim) self.conf.prefetchedRefs = self:getReferences(claim) return (#self.conf.prefetchedRefs > 0) end function State:resetCaches() -- any prefetched references of the previous claim must not be used self.conf.prefetchedRefs = nil end function State:claimMatches(claim) local matches, rankPos -- first of all, reset any cached values used for the previous claim self:resetCaches() -- if a property value was given, check if it matches the claim's property value if self.conf.propertyValue then matches = self.conf:snakEqualsValue(claim.mainsnak, self.conf.propertyValue) else matches = true end -- if any qualifier values were given, check if each matches one of the claim's qualifier values for i, v in pairs(self.conf.qualifierIDsAndValues) do matches = (matches and self.conf:qualifierMatches(claim, i, v)) end -- check if the claim's rank and time period match rankPos = rankTable[claim.rank] or 4 matches = (matches and self.conf:rankMatches(rankPos) and self.conf:timeMatches(claim)) -- if only claims with references must be returned, check if this one has any if self.conf.sourcedOnly then matches = (matches and self:isSourced(claim)) -- prefetches and caches references end return matches, rankPos end function State:out() local result -- collection of arrays with value objects local valuesArray -- array with value objects local sep = nil -- value object local out = {} -- array with value objects local function walk(formatTable, result) local valuesArray = {} -- array with value objects for i, v in pairs(formatTable.req) do if not result[i] or not result[i][1] then -- we've got no result for a parameter that is required on this level, -- so skip this level (and its children) by returning an empty result return {} end end for _, v in ipairs(formatTable) do if v.param then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, result[v.str]) elseif v.str ~= "" then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = {v.str} end if v.child then valuesArray = mergeArrays(valuesArray, walk(v.child, result)) end end return valuesArray end -- iterate through the results from back to front, so that we know when to add separators for i = #self.results, 1, -1 do result = self.results[i] -- if there is already some output, then add the separators if #out > 0 then sep = self.separator[1] -- fixed separator result[parameters.separator] = {self.movSeparator[1]} -- movable separator else sep = nil result[parameters.separator] = {self.puncMark[1]} -- optional punctuation mark end valuesArray = walk(self.parsedFormat, result) if #valuesArray > 0 then if sep then valuesArray[#valuesArray + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(valuesArray, out) end end -- reset state before next iteration self.results = {} return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getProperty(claim) local value = {self:getValue(claim.mainsnak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getQualifiers(claim, param) local qualifiers if claim.qualifiers then qualifiers = claim.qualifiers[self.conf.qualifierIDs[param]] end if qualifiers then -- iterate through claim's qualifier statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[param]:iterate(qualifiers, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.qualifier.."\\d"][2], count = 1}) -- pass qualifier state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getQualifier(snak) local value = {self:getValue(snak)} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getAllQualifiers(claim, param, result, hooks) local out = {} -- array with value objects local sep = self.conf.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier][1] -- value object -- iterate through the output of the separate "qualifier(s)" commands for i = 1, self.conf.states.qualifiersCount do -- if a hook has not been called yet, call it now if not result[parameters.qualifier..i] then self:callHook(parameters.qualifier..i, hooks, claim, result) end -- if there is output for this particular "qualifier(s)" command, then add it if result[parameters.qualifier..i] and result[parameters.qualifier..i][1] then -- if there is already some output, then add the separator if #out > 0 and sep then out[#out + 1] = sep end out = mergeArrays(out, result[parameters.qualifier..i]) end end return out end -- level 1 hook function State:getReferences(claim) if self.conf.prefetchedRefs then -- return references that have been prefetched by isSourced return self.conf.prefetchedRefs end if claim.references then -- iterate through claim's reference statements to collect their values; -- return array with multiple value objects return self.conf.states[parameters.reference]:iterate(claim.references, {[parameters.general] = hookNames[parameters.reference][2], count = 1}) -- pass reference state with level 2 hook else return {} -- return empty array end end -- level 2 hook function State:getReference(statement) local citeParamMapping = i18n['cite']['param-mapping'] local citeConfig = i18n['cite']['config'] local citeTypes = i18n['cite']['output-types'] -- will hold rendered properties of the reference which are not directly from statement.snaks, -- Namely, is URL generated from an external ID. local additionalProcessedProperties = {} -- for each citation type, there will be an associative array that associates lists of rendered properties -- to citation-template parameters local candidateParams = {} -- like above, but only associates one rendered property to each parameter; if the above variable -- contains more strings for a parameter, the strings will be assigned to numbered params (e.g. "author1") local citeParams = {} local citeErrors = {} local referenceEmpty = true -- will be set to false if at least one parameter is left unremoved local version = 12 -- increment this each time the below logic is changed to avoid conflict errors if not statement.snaks then return {} end -- don't use bot-added references referencing Wikimedia projects or containing "inferred from" (such references are not usable on Wikipedia) if statement.snaks[aliasesP.importedFrom] or statement.snaks[aliasesP.wikimediaImportURL] or statement.snaks[aliasesP.inferredFrom] then return {} end -- don't include "type of reference" if statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.typeOfReference] = nil end -- don't include "image" to prevent littering if statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] then statement.snaks[aliasesP.image] = nil end -- don't include "language" if it is equal to the local one if self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, aliasesP.language) == self.conf.langName then statement.snaks[aliasesP.language] = nil end if statement.snaks[aliasesP.statedIn] and not statement.snaks[aliasesP.referenceURL] then -- "stated in" was given but "reference URL" was not. -- get "Wikidata property" properties from the item in "stated in" -- if any of the returned properties of the external-id datatype is in statement.snaks, generate a link from it and use the link in the reference -- find the "Wikidata property" properties in the item from "stated in" local wikidataPropertiesOfSource = mw.text.split(p._properties{p.flags.raw, aliasesP.wikidataProperty, [p.args.eid] = self.conf:getValue(statement.snaks[aliasesP.statedIn][1], true, false)}, ", ", true) for i, wikidataPropertyOfSource in pairs(wikidataPropertiesOfSource) do if statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource] and statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource][1].datatype == "external-id" then local tempLink = self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, wikidataPropertyOfSource, false, true) -- not raw, linked if mw.ustring.match(tempLink, "^%[%Z- %Z+%]$") then -- getValue returned a URL in square brackets. -- the link is in wiki markup, so strip the square brackets and the display text -- gsub also returns another, discarted value, therefore the result is assigned to tempLink first tempLink = mw.ustring.gsub(tempLink, "^%[(%Z-) %Z+%]$", "%1") additionalProcessedProperties[aliasesP.referenceURL] = {tempLink} statement.snaks[wikidataPropertyOfSource] = nil break end end end end -- initialize candidateParams and citeParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do candidateParams[citeType] = {} citeParams[citeType] = {} end -- fill candidateParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do -- This will contain value--priority pairs for each param name. local candidateValuesAndPriorities = {} -- fill candidateValuesAndPriorities for refProperty in pairs(statement.snaks) do if citeErrors[citeType] then break end repeat -- just a simple wrapper to emulate "continue" -- set mappingKey and prefix local mappingKey local prefix = "" if statement.snaks[refProperty][1].datatype == 'external-id' then mappingKey = "external-id" prefix = self.conf:getLabel(refProperty) if prefix ~= "" then prefix = prefix .. " " end else mappingKey = refProperty end local paramName = citeParamMapping[citeType][mappingKey] -- skip properties with empty parameter name if paramName == "" then break -- skip this property for this value of citeType end -- handle unknown properties in the reference if not paramName then referenceEmpty = false local error_message = errorText("unknown-property-in-ref", refProperty) assert(error_message) -- Should not be nil citeErrors[citeType] = error_message break end -- set processedProperty local processedProperty local raw = false -- if the value is wanted raw if isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["raw-value-params"] or {}) then raw = true end if isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["numbered-params"] or {}) then -- Multiple values may be given. processedProperty = self:getReferenceDetails(statement.snaks, refProperty, raw, self.linked, true) -- anyLang = true else -- If multiple values are given, all but the first suitable one are discarted. processedProperty = {self:getReferenceDetail(statement.snaks, refProperty, raw, self.linked and (statement.snaks[refProperty][1].datatype ~= 'url'), true)} -- link = true/false, anyLang = true end if #processedProperty == 0 then break end referenceEmpty = false -- add an empty entry to candidateValuesAndPriorities, if there isn't one already if not candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName] then candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName] = {} end -- find the priority of refProperty local thisPropertyPriority = -1 local thisParamPrioritization = citeConfig[citeType]["prioritization"][paramName] if thisParamPrioritization then for i_priority, i_property in ipairs(thisParamPrioritization) do if i_property == refProperty then thisPropertyPriority = i_priority end end end for _, propertyValue in pairs(processedProperty) do table.insert( candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName], {prefix .. propertyValue, thisPropertyPriority} ) end until true end -- fill candidateParams[citeType] if not citeErrors[citeType] then local compareValuePriorities = function(pair1, pair2) if pair1[2] == -1 and pair2[2] ~= -1 then return false end if pair1[2] ~= -1 and pair2[2] == -1 then return true end return pair1[2] < pair2[2] end -- fill candidateParams[citeType][paramName] for each used param for paramName, _ in pairs(candidateValuesAndPriorities) do table.sort(candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName], compareValuePriorities) candidateParams[citeType][paramName] = {} for _, valuePriorityPair in ipairs(candidateValuesAndPriorities[paramName]) do table.insert(candidateParams[citeType][paramName], valuePriorityPair[1]) end end end end -- handle additional properties for refProperty in pairs(additionalProcessedProperties) do for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do repeat -- skip if there already have been errors if citeErrors[citeType] then break end local paramName = citeParamMapping[citeType][refProperty] -- handle unknown properties in the reference if not paramName then -- Skip this additional property, but do not cause an error. break end if paramName == "" then break end referenceEmpty = false if not candidateParams[citeType][paramName] then candidateParams[citeType][paramName] = {} end for _, propertyValue in pairs(additionalProcessedProperties[refProperty]) do table.insert(candidateParams[citeType][paramName], propertyValue) end until true end end -- fill citeParams for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do for paramName, paramValues in pairs(candidateParams[citeType]) do if #paramValues == 1 or not isValueInTable(paramName, citeConfig[citeType]["numbered-params"] or {}) then citeParams[citeType][paramName] = paramValues[1] else -- There is more than one value for this parameter - the values will -- go into separate numbered parameters (e.g. "author1", "author2") for paramNum, paramValue in pairs(paramValues) do citeParams[citeType][paramName .. paramNum] = paramValue end end end end -- handle missing mandatory parameters for the templates for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do for _, requiredCiteParam in pairs(citeConfig[citeType]["mandatory-params"] or {}) do if not citeParams[citeType][requiredCiteParam] then -- The required param is not present. if citeErrors[citeType] then -- Do not override the previous error, if it exists. break end local error_message = errorText("missing-mandatory-param", requiredCiteParam) assert(error_message) -- Should not be nil citeErrors[citeType] = error_message end end end local citeTypeToUse = nil -- choose the output template for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do if not citeErrors[citeType] then citeTypeToUse = citeType break end end -- set refContent local refContent = "" if citeTypeToUse then local templateToUse = citeConfig[citeTypeToUse]["template"] local paramsToUse = citeParams[citeTypeToUse] if not templateToUse or templateToUse == "" then throwError("no-such-reference-template", tostring(templateToUse), i18nPath, citeTypeToUse) end -- if this module is being substituted then build a regular template call, otherwise expand the template if mw.isSubsting() then for i, v in pairs(paramsToUse) do refContent = refContent .. "|" .. i .. "=" .. v end refContent = "{{" .. templateToUse .. refContent .. "}}" else xpcall( function () refContent = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=templateToUse, args=paramsToUse} end, function () throwError("no-such-reference-template", templateToUse, i18nPath, citeTypeToUse) end ) end -- If the citation couldn't be displayed using any template, but is not empty (barring ignored propeties), throw an error. elseif not referenceEmpty then refContent = errorText("malformed-reference-header") for _, citeType in ipairs(citeTypes) do refContent = refContent .. errorText("template-failure-reason", citeConfig[citeType]["template"], citeErrors[citeType]) end refContent = refContent .. errorText("malformed-reference-footer") end -- wrap refContent local ref = {} if refContent ~= "" then ref = {refContent} if not self.rawValue then -- this should become a <ref> tag, so save the reference's hash for later ref.refHash = "wikidata-" .. statement.hash .. "-v" .. (tonumber(i18n['version']) + version) end return {ref} else return {} end end -- gets a detail of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetail(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local switchLang = anyLang local value = nil if not snaks[dType] then return nil end -- if anyLang, first try the local language and otherwise any language repeat for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do value = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang and not switchLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true if value then break end end if value or not anyLang then break end switchLang = not switchLang until anyLang and switchLang return value end -- gets the details of one particular type for a reference function State:getReferenceDetails(snaks, dType, raw, link, anyLang) local values = {} if not snaks[dType] then return {} end for _, v in ipairs(snaks[dType]) do -- if nil is returned then it will not be added to the table values[#values + 1] = self.conf:getValue(v, raw, link, false, anyLang, false, true) -- noSpecial = true end return values end -- level 1 hook function State:getAlias(object) local value = object.value local title = nil if value and self.linked then if self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then title = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(self.conf.entityID) elseif self.conf.entityID:sub(1,1) == "P" then title = "d:Property:" .. self.conf.entityID end if title then value = buildWikilink(title, value) end end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end -- level 1 hook function State:getBadge(value) value = self.conf:getLabel(value, self.rawValue, self.linked, self.shortName) if value == "" then value = nil end value = {value} -- create one value object if #value > 0 then return {value} -- wrap the value object in an array and return it else return {} -- return empty array if there was no value end end function State:callHook(param, hooks, statement, result) -- call a parameter's hook if it has been defined and if it has not been called before if not result[param] and hooks[param] then local valuesArray = self[hooks[param]](self, statement, param, result, hooks) -- array with value objects -- add to the result if #valuesArray > 0 then result[param] = valuesArray result.count = result.count + 1 else result[param] = {} -- an empty array to indicate that we've tried this hook already return true -- miss == true end end return false end -- iterate through claims, claim's qualifiers or claim's references to collect values function State:iterate(statements, hooks, matchHook) matchHook = matchHook or alwaysTrue local matches = false local rankPos = nil local result, gotRequired for _, v in ipairs(statements) do -- rankPos will be nil for non-claim statements (e.g. qualifiers, references, etc.) matches, rankPos = matchHook(self, v) if matches then result = {count = 0} -- collection of arrays with value objects local function walk(formatTable) local miss for i2, v2 in pairs(formatTable.req) do -- call a hook, adding its return value to the result miss = self:callHook(i2, hooks, v, result) if miss then -- we miss a required value for this level, so return false return false end if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point breaks the loop return true end end for _, v2 in ipairs(formatTable) do if result.count == hooks.count then -- we're done if all hooks have been called; -- returning at this point prevents further childs from being processed return true end if v2.child then walk(v2.child) end end return true end gotRequired = walk(self.parsedFormat) -- only append the result if we got values for all required parameters on the root level if gotRequired then -- if we have a rankPos (only with matchHook() for complete claims), then update the foundRank if rankPos and self.conf.foundRank > rankPos then self.conf.foundRank = rankPos end -- append the result self.results[#self.results + 1] = result -- break if we only need a single value if self.singleValue then break end end end end return self:out() end local function getEntityId(arg, eid, page, allowOmitPropPrefix, globalSiteId) local id = nil local prop = nil if arg then if arg:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = arg eid = nil elseif arg:sub(1,1):upper() == "Q" or arg:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" or allowOmitPropPrefix then eid = arg page = nil else prop = arg end end if eid then if eid:sub(1,9):lower() == "property:" then id = replaceAlias(mw.text.trim(eid:sub(10))) if id:sub(1,1):upper() ~= "P" then id = "" end else id = replaceAlias(eid) end elseif page then if page:sub(1,1) == ":" then page = mw.text.trim(page:sub(2)) end id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForTitle(page, globalSiteId) or "" end if not id then id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage() or "" end id = id:upper() if not mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then id = "" end return id, prop end local function nextArg(args) local arg = args[args.pointer] if arg then args.pointer = args.pointer + 1 return mw.text.trim(arg) else return nil end end local function claimCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg:processFlagOrCommand(funcName) -- process first command (== function name) local lastArg, parsedFormat, formatParams, claims, value local hooks = {count = 0} -- set the date if given; -- must come BEFORE processing the flags if args[p.args.date] then cfg.atDate = {parseDate(args[p.args.date])} cfg.periods = {false, true, false} -- change default time constraint to 'current' end -- process flags and commands repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlagOrCommand(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID, cfg.propertyID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], false, args[p.args.globalSiteId]) if cfg.entityID == "" then return "" -- we cannot continue without a valid entity ID end cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if not cfg.propertyID then cfg.propertyID = nextArg(args) end cfg.propertyID = replaceAlias(cfg.propertyID) if not cfg.entity or not cfg.propertyID then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity or a property ID end cfg.propertyID = cfg.propertyID:upper() if not cfg.entity.claims or not cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any claims end claims = cfg.entity.claims[cfg.propertyID] if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- do further processing if "qualifier(s)" command was given if #args - args.pointer + 1 > cfg.states.qualifiersCount then -- claim ID or literal value has been given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end for i = 1, cfg.states.qualifiersCount do -- check if given qualifier ID is an alias and add it cfg.qualifierIDs[parameters.qualifier..i] = replaceAlias(nextArg(args) or ""):upper() end elseif cfg.states[parameters.reference] then -- do further processing if "reference(s)" command was given cfg.propertyValue = nextArg(args) end -- check for special property value 'somevalue' or 'novalue' if cfg.propertyValue then cfg.propertyValue = replaceSpecialChars(cfg.propertyValue) if cfg.propertyValue ~= "" and mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) == "" then cfg.propertyValue = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue', whereas empty string represents 'novalue' else cfg.propertyValue = mw.text.trim(cfg.propertyValue) end end -- parse the desired format, or choose an appropriate format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) elseif cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then -- "qualifier(s)" command given if cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.propertyWithQualifier) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.qualifier) end elseif cfg.states[parameters.property] then -- "propert(y|ies)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.property) else -- "reference(s)" command given parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.reference) end -- if a "qualifier(s)" command and no "propert(y|ies)" command has been given, make the movable separator a semicolon if cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.separator][1] = {";"} end -- if only "reference(s)" has been given, set the default separator to none (except when raw) if cfg.states[parameters.reference] and not cfg.states[parameters.property] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 0 and not cfg.states[parameters.reference].rawValue then cfg.separators["sep"][1] = nil end -- if exactly one "qualifier(s)" command has been given, make "sep%q" point to "sep%q1" to make them equivalent if cfg.states.qualifiersCount == 1 then cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier] = cfg.separators["sep"..parameters.qualifier.."1"] end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hooks that should be called (getProperty, getQualifiers, getReferences); -- only define a hook if both its command ("propert(y|ies)", "reference(s)", "qualifier(s)") and its parameter ("%p", "%r", "%q1", "%q2", "%q3") have been given for i, v in pairs(cfg.states) do -- e.g. 'formatParams["%q1"] or formatParams["%q"]' to define hook even if "%q1" was not defined to be able to build a complete value for "%q" if formatParams[i] or formatParams[i:sub(1, 2)] then hooks[i] = getHookName(i, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end end -- the "%q" parameter is not attached to a state, but is a collection of the results of multiple states (attached to "%q1", "%q2", "%q3", ...); -- so if this parameter is given then this hook must be defined separately, but only if at least one "qualifier(s)" command has been given if formatParams[parameters.qualifier] and cfg.states.qualifiersCount > 0 then hooks[parameters.qualifier] = getHookName(parameters.qualifier, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- create a state for "properties" if it doesn't exist yet, which will be used as a base configuration for each claim iteration; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if not cfg.states[parameters.property] then cfg.states[parameters.property] = State:new(cfg, parameters.property) -- if the "single" flag has been given then this state should be equivalent to "property" (singular) if cfg.singleClaim then cfg.states[parameters.property].singleValue = true end end -- if the "sourced" flag has been given then create a state for "reference" if it doesn't exist yet, using default values, -- which must exist in order to be able to determine if a claim has any references; -- must come AFTER defining the hooks if cfg.sourcedOnly and not cfg.states[parameters.reference] then cfg:processFlagOrCommand(p.claimCommands.reference) -- use singular "reference" to minimize overhead end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark); -- must come AFTER creating the additonal states cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.states[parameters.property], parsedFormat) -- process qualifier matching values, analogous to cfg.propertyValue for i, v in pairs(args) do i = tostring(i) if i:match('^[Pp]%d+$') or aliasesP[i] then v = replaceSpecialChars(v) -- check for special qualifier value 'somevalue' if v ~= "" and mw.text.trim(v) == "" then v = " " -- single space represents 'somevalue' end cfg.qualifierIDsAndValues[replaceAlias(i):upper()] = v end end -- first sort the claims on rank to pre-define the order of output (preferred first, then normal, then deprecated) claims = sortOnRank(claims) -- then iterate through the claims to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.states[parameters.property]:iterate(claims, hooks, State.claimMatches)) -- pass property state with level 1 hooks and matchHook -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned values on Wikidata if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end local function generalCommand(args, funcName) local cfg = Config:new() cfg.curState = State:new(cfg) local lastArg local value = nil repeat lastArg = nextArg(args) until not cfg:processFlag(lastArg) -- get the entity ID from either the positional argument, the eid argument or the page argument cfg.entityID = getEntityId(lastArg, args[p.args.eid], args[p.args.page], true, args[p.args.globalSiteId]) if cfg.entityID == "" or not mw.wikibase.entityExists(cfg.entityID) then return "" -- we cannot continue without an entity end -- serve according to the given command if funcName == p.generalCommands.label then value = cfg:getLabel(cfg.entityID, cfg.curState.rawValue, cfg.curState.linked, cfg.curState.shortName) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.title then cfg.inSitelinks = true if cfg.entityID:sub(1,1) == "Q" then value = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(cfg.entityID) end if cfg.curState.linked and value then value = buildWikilink(value) end elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.description then value = mw.wikibase.getDescription(cfg.entityID) else local parsedFormat, formatParams local hooks = {count = 0} cfg.entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(cfg.entityID) if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.badge then cfg.curState.singleValue = true end if funcName == p.generalCommands.alias or funcName == p.generalCommands.aliases then if not cfg.entity.aliases or not cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any aliasses end local aliases = cfg.entity.aliases[cfg.langCode] -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.alias) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getAlias); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%a") has been given if formatParams[parameters.alias] then hooks[parameters.alias] = getHookName(parameters.alias, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(aliases, hooks)) elseif funcName == p.generalCommands.badge or funcName == p.generalCommands.badges then if not cfg.entity.sitelinks or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID] or not cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges then return "" -- there is no use to continue without any badges end local badges = cfg.entity.sitelinks[cfg.siteID].badges cfg.inSitelinks = true -- parse the desired format, or parse the default aliases format if args["format"] then parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(args["format"]) else parsedFormat, formatParams = parseFormat(formats.badge) end -- process overridden separator values; -- must come AFTER tweaking the default separators cfg:processSeparators(args) -- define the hook that should be called (getBadge); -- only define the hook if the parameter ("%b") has been given if formatParams[parameters.badge] then hooks[parameters.badge] = getHookName(parameters.badge, 1) hooks.count = hooks.count + 1 end -- set the parsed format and the separators (and optional punctuation mark) cfg:setFormatAndSeparators(cfg.curState, parsedFormat) -- iterate to collect values value = cfg:concatValues(cfg.curState:iterate(badges, hooks)) end end value = value or "" if cfg.editable and value ~= "" then -- if desired, add a clickable icon that may be used to edit the returned value on Wikidata value = value .. cfg:getEditIcon() end return value end -- modules that include this module should call the functions with an underscore prepended, e.g.: p._property(args) local function establishCommands(commandList, commandFunc) for _, commandName in pairs(commandList) do local function wikitextWrapper(frame) local args = copyTable(frame.args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p[commandName] = wikitextWrapper local function luaWrapper(args) args = copyTable(args) args.pointer = 1 loadI18n(aliasesP) return commandFunc(args, commandName) end p["_" .. commandName] = luaWrapper end end establishCommands(p.claimCommands, claimCommand) establishCommands(p.generalCommands, generalCommand) -- main function that is supposed to be used by wrapper templates function p.main(frame) if not mw.wikibase then return nil end local f, args loadI18n(aliasesP, frame) -- get the parent frame to take the arguments that were passed to the wrapper template frame = frame:getParent() or frame if not frame.args[1] then throwError("no-function-specified") end f = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1]) if f == "main" then throwError("main-called-twice") end assert(p["_"..f], errorText('no-such-function', f)) -- copy arguments from immutable to mutable table args = copyTable(frame.args) -- remove the function name from the list table.remove(args, 1) return p["_"..f](args) end return p j5a6l03tjwodgrvfnv3lb4x5up93wlv 10 3491 18543 2026-08-22T19:01:48Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:EditAtWikidata |showMessage |qid={{{qid|}}} |pid={{{pid|}}} |nbsp={{{nbsp|}}} |{{{1|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> k3dnbwgfi8ka45sgpcor4r8i5d2lmjb 828 3492 18544 2026-08-22T19:04:36Z V321T4S 2759 Modul na imbaru 18544 Scribunto text/plain -- implements [[Template:Multiple image]] local p = {} local autoscaledimages local nonautoscaledimages local numberofimages = -1 local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match( '^%s*(.-)%s*$' ) ~= '' end local function removepx(s) return tostring(s or ''):match('^(.*)[Pp][Xx]%s*$') or s end local function getdimensions(s, w, h) if tonumber(w) and tonumber(h) then nonautoscaledimages = true return tonumber(w), tonumber(h) end local file = s and mw.title.new('File:' .. mw.uri.decode(mw.ustring.gsub(s,'%|.*$',''), 'WIKI')) file = file and file.file or {width = 0, height = 0} w = tonumber(file.width) or 0 h = tonumber(file.height) or 0 autoscaledimages = true return w, h end local function renderImageCell(image, width, height, link, alt, thumbtime, caption, class, textalign, istyle, border, tcolor) local root = mw.html.create('') local altstr = '' local classstr = class and ('|class=' .. class) or '' local linkstr = link and ('|link=' .. link) or '' local widthstr = '|' .. tostring(width) .. 'px' local thumbtimestr = '' if isnotempty( alt ) then altstr = '|alt=' .. alt end if widthstr == '|-nanpx' then widthstr = '' end if isnotempty( thumbtime ) then thumbtimestr = '|thumbtime=' .. thumbtime end local imagediv = root:tag('div') imagediv:addClass((border ~= 'infobox') and 'thumbimage' or nil) imagediv:cssText(istyle) if height then imagediv:css('height', tostring(height) .. 'px') imagediv:css('overflow', 'hidden') end imagediv:wikitext('[[File:' .. image .. classstr .. widthstr .. linkstr .. altstr .. thumbtimestr .. ']]') if isnotempty(caption) then local captiondiv = root:tag('div') captiondiv:addClass((border ~= 'infobox') and 'thumbcaption' or nil) if isnotempty(textalign) then captiondiv:addClass('text-align-' .. textalign) end if tcolor ~= '' then captiondiv:css('color', tcolor) end captiondiv:wikitext(caption) end return tostring(root) end local function getWidth(w1, w2) local w if isnotempty(w1) then w = tonumber(w1) elseif isnotempty(w2) then w = tonumber(w2) end return w or 200 end local function getPerRow(pstr, ic) -- split string into array using any non-digit as a dilimiter local pr = mw.text.split(pstr or '', '[^%d][^%d]*') -- if split failed, assume a single row if (#pr < 1) then pr = {tostring(ic)} end -- convert the array of strings to an array of numbers, -- adding any implied/missing numbers at the end of the array local r = 1 local thisrow = tonumber(pr[1] or ic) or ic local prownum = {} while( ic > 0 ) do prownum[r] = thisrow ic = ic - thisrow r = r + 1 -- use the previous if the next is missing and -- make sure we don't overstep the number of images thisrow = math.min(tonumber(pr[r] or thisrow) or ic, ic) end return prownum end local function renderMultipleImages(frame) local pargs = frame:getParent().args local args = frame.args local width = removepx(pargs['width'] or '') local dir = pargs['direction'] or '' local border = pargs['border'] or args['border'] or '' local align = pargs['align'] or args['align'] or (border == 'infobox' and 'center' or '') local capalign = pargs['caption_align'] or args['caption_align'] or '' local totalwidth = removepx(pargs['total_width'] or args['total_width'] or '') local imgstyle = pargs['image_style'] or args['image_style'] local header = pargs['header'] or pargs['title'] or '' local footer = pargs['footer'] or '' local imagegap = tonumber(pargs['image_gap'] or '1') or 1 local thumbclass = { ["left"] = 'floatleft', ["none"] = 'tnone', ["center"] = 'tnone', ["centre"] = 'tnone', ["right"] = 'floatright' } -- find all the nonempty images local imagenumbers = {} local imagecount = 0 for k, v in pairs( pargs ) do local i = tonumber(tostring(k):match( '^%s*image([%d]+)%s*$' ) or '0') if i > 0 and isnotempty(v) then table.insert( imagenumbers, i) imagecount = imagecount + 1 end end -- save number of images for tracking category numberofimages = imagecount -- sort the imagenumbers table.sort(imagenumbers) -- create an array with the number of images per row local perrow = getPerRow(dir == 'vertical' and '1' or pargs['perrow'], imagecount) -- compute the number of rows local rowcount = #perrow -- store the image widths and compute row widths and maximum row width local heights = {} local widths = {} local widthmax = 0 local widthsum = {} local k = 0 for r=1,rowcount do widthsum[r] = 0 for c=1,perrow[r] do k = k + 1 if k <= imagecount then local i = imagenumbers[k] if isnotempty(totalwidth) then widths[k], heights[k] = getdimensions(pargs['image' .. i], pargs['width' .. i], pargs['height' .. i]) else widths[k] = getWidth(width, pargs['width' .. i]) end widthsum[r] = widthsum[r] + widths[k] end end widthmax = math.max(widthmax, widthsum[r]) end -- make sure the gap is non-negative if imagegap < 0 then imagegap = 0 end -- if total_width has been specified, rescale the image widths if isnotempty(totalwidth) then totalwidth = tonumber(totalwidth) widthmax = 0 k = 0 for r=1,rowcount do local koffset = k local tw = totalwidth - (3 + imagegap) * (perrow[r] - 1) - 12 local ar = {} local arsum = 0 for j=1,perrow[r] do k = k + 1 if k<= imagecount then local h = heights[k] or 0 if (h > 0) then ar[j] = widths[k]/h heights[k] = h else ar[j] = widths[k]/100 end arsum = arsum + ar[j] end end local ht = tw/arsum local ws = 0 k = koffset for j=1,perrow[r] do k = k + 1 if k<= imagecount then widths[k] = math.floor(ar[j]*ht + 0.5) ws = ws + widths[k] if heights[k] then heights[k] = math.floor(ht) end end end widthsum[r] = ws widthmax = math.max(widthmax, widthsum[r]) end end -- start building the array of images, if there are images if imagecount > 0 then -- compute width of outer div local bodywidth = 0 for r=1,rowcount do if widthmax == widthsum[r] then bodywidth = widthmax + (3 + imagegap) * (perrow[r] - 1) + 12 end end -- The body has a min-width of 100, which needs to be taken into account on specific widths bodywidth = math.max( 100, bodywidth - 8); local tc = pargs['color'] or pargs['text_color'] or '' local bg = pargs['bg_color'] or pargs['background_color'] or pargs['background color'] or '' -- create the array of images local root = mw.html.create('div') root:addClass('thumb') root:addClass('tmulti') -- root:addClass('tmulti-sandbox') root:addClass(thumbclass[align] or 'floatright') if align == 'center' or align == 'centre' then root:addClass('center') end if tc ~= '' then root:css('color', tc) end local div = root:tag('div') div:addClass((border ~= 'infobox') and 'thumbinner multiimageinner' or 'multiimageinner') div:css('width', tostring(bodywidth) .. 'px') :css('max-width', tostring(bodywidth) .. 'px') if bg ~= '' then div:css('background-color', bg) end if tc ~= '' then div:css('color', tc) end if border == 'infobox' or border == 'none' then div:css('border', 'none') end -- add the header if isnotempty(header) then div:tag('div') :addClass('trow') :tag('div') :addClass('theader') :css('text-align', pargs['header_align']) :css('background-color', (pargs['header_background'] ~= '') and pargs['header_background'] or nil) :wikitext(header) end -- loop through the images k = 0 for r=1,rowcount do local rowdiv = div:tag('div'):addClass('trow'); for j=1,perrow[r] do k = k + 1 if k <= imagecount then local imagediv = rowdiv:tag('div') imagediv:addClass('tsingle') if bg ~= '' then imagediv:css('background-color', bg); end if imagegap > 1 and k < imagecount then if dir == 'vertical' then imagediv:css('margin-bottom', tostring(imagegap) .. 'px') elseif j < perrow[r] then imagediv:css('margin-right', tostring(imagegap) .. 'px') end end local i = imagenumbers[k] local img = pargs['image' .. i] local w = widths[k] imagediv:css('width', tostring(2 + w) .. 'px') :css('max-width', tostring(2 + w) .. 'px') imagediv:wikitext(renderImageCell(img, w, heights[k], pargs['link' .. i], pargs['alt' .. i], pargs['thumbtime' .. i], pargs['caption' .. i], pargs['class' .. i], capalign, imgstyle, border, tc)) end end end -- add the footer if isnotempty(footer) then local falign = string.lower(pargs['footer_align'] or args['footer_align'] or '') falign = (falign == 'centre') and 'center' or falign div:tag('div') :addClass('trow') :css('display', (falign ~= '') and 'flow-root' or 'flex') :tag('div') :addClass((border ~= 'infobox') and 'thumbcaption' or nil) :css('text-align', (falign ~= '') and falign or nil) :css('background-color', (pargs['footer_background'] ~= '') and pargs['footer_background'] or nil) :css('color', (tc ~= '') and tc or nil) :wikitext(footer) end return tostring(root) end return '' end function p.render( frame ) autoscaledimages = false nonautoscaledimages = false numberofimages = 0 local check = require('Module:Check for unknown parameters')._check local tracking = check({ ['unknown'] = frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'main other', args = {'[[Category:Pages using multiple image with unknown parameters|_VALUE_ ]]'} }, ['preview'] = 'Page using [[Template:Multiple image]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"', ['ignoreblank'] = 'y', regexp1 = 'image%d+', regexp2 = 'width%d+', regexp3 = 'height%d+', regexp4 = 'class%d+', regexp5 = 'alt%d+', regexp6 = 'link%d+', regexp7 = 'thumbtime%d+', regexp8 = 'caption%d+', 'align', 'direction', 'header_background', 'header_align', 'header', 'width', 'total_width', 'caption_align', 'footer_background', 'footer_align', 'footer', 'perrow', 'title', 'image_gap', 'border', 'image_style', 'color', 'text_color', 'bg_color', 'background_color', 'background color' }, frame:getParent().args) return frame:extensionTag {name = 'templatestyles', args = {src = 'Multiple image/styles.css', wrapper = ".tmulti"}} .. renderMultipleImages( frame ) .. (autoscaledimages and '[[Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]]' or '') .. (nonautoscaledimages and '[[Category:Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images]]' or '') .. ( (numberofimages == 0) and '[[Category:Pages using multiple image with zero images]]' or '') .. ( (numberofimages == 1) and '[[Category:Pages using multiple image with one image]]' or '' ) .. tracking end p[''] = function( frame ) return p.render( frame:newChild{title = frame:getTitle()} ) end return p 1jra72gaczn0tp0tit5n2alifdd9moi 10 3493 18545 2026-08-22T19:05:35Z V321T4S 2759 /doc na imbaru 18545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{high-risk|30000+}} {{Lua|Module:EditAtWikidata}} 63m7jvqvbcl3c8dkbfe901lusg1v7sj 10 3494 18546 2026-08-22T19:06:48Z V321T4S 2759 /styles na imbaru 18546 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ /* this is a block */ .multiimageinner { display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .trow { display: flex; flex-direction: row; clear: left; flex-wrap: wrap; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; } /* this is a cell */ .tsingle { margin: 1px; float: left; } .theader { clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; align-self: center; background-color: transparent; width: 100%; } .thumbcaption { background-color: transparent; } .text-align-left { text-align: left; } .text-align-right { text-align: right; } .text-align-center { text-align: center; } @media all and ( max-width: 720px ) { .thumbinner { /* not !important usage can be removed when these are no longer inline styles inside Template:Multiple image and media query using min-width is introduced */ width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: none !important; align-items: center; } .trow { justify-content: center; } .tsingle { /* not !important usage can be removed when these are no longer inline styles inside Template:Multiple image and media query using min-width is introduced */ float: none !important; max-width: 100% !important; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; } .tsingle .thumbcaption { text-align: left; } .trow > .thumbcaption { text-align: center; } } @media screen { .multiimageinner .thumbimage { background-color: inherit; } html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img, html.skin-theme-clientpref-day .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.bg-transparent) img { background-color: white; } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .multiimageinner .thumbimage:not([style*="background-color"]) span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img { background-color: white; } } lf0p4p3o604razcb6ed3kk5mm9lba0y 10 3495 18547 2026-08-22T19:08:55Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18547 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{name|}}} |{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{note|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}|group=note|name={{{name|}}}}} |{{#tag:ref|{{{1|{{{note|{{{content|{{{text|}}}}}}}}}}}}|group=note}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 4m1k8hiwpzmjv3igohm19ro2xlsbh0w 10 3496 18548 2026-08-22T19:10:01Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18548 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|xlit}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6xqmrry0ts8m64pa4hv9b2w4jn3c1a7 10 3497 18549 2026-08-22T19:11:09Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{flag|Tiongkok}}<noinclude> [[Horong:Templat mandera|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> f4mry246yj7z54bx2czuie9x340nxf6 10 3498 18550 2026-08-22T19:11:58Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Tiongkok | flag alias = Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | alt attribute = Bendera Republik Rakyat Tiongkok | flag alias-army = People's Liberation Army Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | flag alias-naval = Naval Ensign of the People's Republic of China.svg | link alias-naval = Angkatan Laut Tiongkok | flag alias-air force = Air Force Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg | link alias-air force = Angkatan Udara Tiongkok | link alias-ice hockey = tim hoki es {{{mw|men's}}} nasional Tiongkok | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Cina|Tiongkok|{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Republik Rakyat Cina|Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|RRT|RRT|{{{name|}}}}}}}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|Republik Rakyat Tiongkok}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | templatename = Tiongkok | var1 = army | redir1 = CHN | redir2 = Tiongkok | redir3 = Republik Rakyat Tiongkok | redir4 = Tiongkok, Republik Rakyat | redir5 = RRT | redir6 = People's Republic of China | redir7 = China, People's Republic of | redir8 = PRC | redir9 = China PR | related1 = Dinasti Qing | related2 = Republik Tiongkok | related3 = Republik Tiongkok (1912–1949) </noinclude> }} ggk16ur0emklvzimimtl0ork29urfot 10 3499 18551 2026-08-22T19:12:59Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{flag|Republik Tiongkok}}<noinclude> [[Horong:Templat mandera|{{PAGENAME}}]] </noinclude> nxis14r5m99tnoc32eqajjy3uzwsck8 10 3500 18552 2026-08-22T19:13:40Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Republik Tiongkok | shortname-alias = Taiwan | flag alias = Flag of the Republic of China.svg | alt attribute = Bendera Republik Tiongkok | flag alias-1912 = Flag of the Republic of China 1912-1928.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Republic of China Army.svg | link alias-football = Tim nasional sepak bola {{{mw|}}} Tionghoa Taipei | link alias-basketball = Tim nasional bola basket {{{mw|}}} Tionghoa Taipei | link alias-rugby union = Chinese Taipei {{{mw|}}} national rugby union team | link alias-tennis = China {{{mw}}} Cup team | name alias-tennis = China | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Cina|Tiongkok|{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|Republik Tiongkok|Republik Tiongkok|{{#ifeq:{{{name|}}}|ROC|RT|{{{name|}}}}}}}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} | kategori = wilayah yang dipertentangkan <noinclude> | var1 = 1912 | redir1 = ROC | redir2 = TWN | redir3 = China, Republic of | redir4 = Republic of China | related1 = Taiwan | related2 = Tionghoa Taipei </noinclude> }} mz4f0ueiaxgibtfc5j2jm25rab0qbi9 10 3501 18553 2026-08-22T19:14:32Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18553 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{infobox settlement/{{infobox settlement/pref|{{{pref}}}|{{{name}}}}} |metv={{#if:{{{km|}}}{{{m|}}} |{{{km|}}}{{{m|}}} |{{#if:{{{mi|}}} |{{rnd |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{mi}}}|R}}*1.609344}} |{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{mi}}}|R}}}} }} |{{rnd |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ft}}}|R}}*0.3048}} |{{max/2 |{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{ft}}}|R}}}} |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{ft}}}|R}}*0.3048}}}} }} }} }} }} |metu={{#if:{{{km|}}}{{{mi|}}}|k}}m |impv={{#if:{{{mi|}}}{{{ft|}}} |{{{mi|}}}{{{ft|}}} |{{#if:{{{km|}}} |{{rnd |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{km}}}|R}}/1.609344}} |{{max/2 |{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{km}}}|R}}}} |-{{Order of magnitude|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{km}}}|R}}/1.609344}}}} }} }} |{{rnd |{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{m}}}|R}}/0.3048}} |{{precision|{{formatnum:{{{m}}}|R}}}} }} }} }} |impu={{#if:{{{km|}}}{{{mi|}}}|mi|ft}} }}{{#ifeq:{{{1|♠}}}{{{2|♠}}}{{{3|♠}}}{{{4|♠}}}{{{5|♠}}}|♠♠♠♠♠||[[Kategori:Incorrect usage of infobox settlement subtemplates]]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> tqpq3hd6y5dl11xu4s1tr3jo12y2q2f 10 3502 18556 2026-08-22T19:20:20Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navigasi ID Huta |provinsi = Jawa Tengah |dati2 = Kabupaten |nama dati2 = Semarang |kecamatan = Susukan |d1 = Badran |d2 = Bakalrejo |d3 = Gentan |d4 = Kemetul |d5 = Kenteng |d6 = Ketapang |d7 = Koripan |d8 = Muncar |d9 = Ngasinan |d10 = Sidoharjo |d11 = Susukan |d12 = Tawang |d13 = Timpik }}<noinclude> {{RefDagri|2019}} {{Collapsible option}} [[Horong:Templat huta/kelurahan di Kabupaten Semarang|Susukan]] [[Horong:Susukan, Semarang|τ]]</noinclude> rqasdguyjwjk5c8zdunue7qyxqftnpa 10 3503 18557 2026-08-22T19:24:32Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Languageicon|Bbc|Batak Toba}}<noinclude> [[Horong:Templat ikon basa|id]] </noinclude> p4y86k8wqogs97e4cuzrolumliz1agw 828 3504 18561 2026-08-22T19:53:10Z V321T4S 2759 Modul na imbaru 18561 Scribunto text/plain -- For Template:Val, output a number and optional unit. -- Format options include scientific and uncertainty notations. local data_module -- name of module defining units local function valerror(msg, nocat, iswarning) -- Return formatted message text for an error or warning. -- Can append "#FormattingError" to URL of a page with a problem to find it. local anchor = '<span id="FormattingError"></span>' local body, category if nocat or mw.title.getCurrentTitle():inNamespaces(1, 2, 3, 5) then -- No category in Talk, User, User_talk, or Wikipedia_talk. category = '' else category = '[[Kategori:Halaman dengan penggunaan templat format yang salah]]' end iswarning = false -- problems are infrequent so try showing large error so editor will notice if iswarning then body = '<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">' .. '[[Template:Val|<span title="' .. msg:gsub('"', '&quot;') .. '">warning</span>]]</sup>' else body = '<strong class="error">' .. 'Error in &#123;&#123;[[Templat:val|val]]&#125;&#125;: ' .. msg .. '</strong>' end return anchor .. body .. category end local range_types = { -- No need for '&nbsp;' because nowrap applies to all output. [","] = ", ", ["by"] = " by ", ["-"] = "–", ["–"] = "–", ["and"] = " and ", ["or"] = " or " , ["to"] = " to " , ["x"] = " × ", ["×"] = " × ", ["/"] = "/", } local range_repeat_unit = { -- WP:UNIT wants unit repeated when a "multiply" range is used. ["x"] = true, ["×"] = true, } local function extract_item(index, numbers, arg) -- Extract an item from arg and store the result in numbers[index]. -- If no argument or if argument is valid, return nil (no error); -- otherwise, return an error message. -- The stored result is: -- * a table for a number (empty if there was no specified number); or -- * a string for range text -- Input like 1e3 is regarded as invalid for all except argument 1 -- which accepts e notation as an alternative to the 'e' argument. -- Input commas are removed so 1,234 is the same as 1234. local which = index local function fail(msg) local description if which == 'e' then description = 'exponent parameter (<b>e</b>)' else description = 'parameter ' .. which end return description .. ' ' .. (msg or 'is not a valid number') .. '.' end local result = {} local range = range_types[arg] if range then if type(index) == 'number' and (index % 2 == 0) then if index == 2 then if numbers[1] and numbers[1].exp then return fail('cannot use a range if the first parameter includes "e"') end numbers.has_ranges = true else if not numbers.has_ranges then return fail('needs a range in parameter 2') end end numbers[index] = range if range_repeat_unit[arg] then -- Any "repeat" range forces unit (if any) to be repeated for all items. numbers.isrepeat = true end return nil end return fail('does not accept a range') end if numbers.has_ranges and type(index) == 'number' and (index % 2 == 0) then return fail('should be a range') end if index == 'e' then local e = numbers[1] and numbers[1].exp if e then if arg then return fail('cannot be used if the first parameter includes "e"') end arg = e which = 1 end end if arg and arg ~= '' then arg = arg:gsub(',', '') if arg:sub(1, 1) == '(' and arg:sub(-1) == ')' then result.parens = true arg = arg:sub(2, -2) end local a, b = arg:match('^(.+)[Ee](.+)$') if a then if index == 1 then arg = a result.exp = b else return fail('cannot use e notation') end end local isnegative, propersign, prefix local minus = '−' prefix, arg = arg:match('^(.-)([%d.]+)$') local value = tonumber(arg) if not value then return fail() end if arg:sub(1, 1) == '.' then arg = '0' .. arg end if prefix == '' then -- Ignore. elseif prefix == '±' then -- Display for first number, ignore for others. if index == 1 then propersign = '±' end elseif prefix == '+' then propersign = '+' elseif prefix == '-' or prefix == minus then propersign = minus isnegative = true else return fail() end result.clean = arg result.sign = propersign or '' result.value = isnegative and -value or value end numbers[index] = result return nil -- no error end local function get_args(numbers, args) -- Extract arguments and store the results in numbers. -- Return nothing (no error) if ok; otherwise, return an error message. for index = 1, 99 do local which = index local arg = args[which] -- has been trimmed if not arg then which = 'e' arg = args[which] end local msg = extract_item(which, numbers, arg) if msg then return msg end if which == 'e' then break end if index > 19 then return 'too many parameters' end end if numbers.has_ranges and (#numbers % 2 == 0) then return 'need a number after the last parameter because it is a range.' end end local function get_scale(text, ucode) -- Return the value of text as a number, or throw an error. -- This supports extremely basic expressions of the form: -- a / b -- a ^ b -- where a and b are numbers or 'pi'. local n = tonumber(text) if n then return n end n = text:gsub('pi', math.pi) for _, op in ipairs({ '/', '^' }) do local a, b = n:match('^(.-)' .. op .. '(.*)$') if a then a = tonumber(a) b = tonumber(b) if a and b then if op == '/' then return a / b elseif op == '^' then return a ^ b end end break end end error('Unit "' .. ucode .. '" has invalid scale "' .. text .. '"') end local function get_builtin_unit(ucode, definitions) -- Return table of information for the specified built-in unit, or nil if not known. -- Each defined unit code must be followed by two spaces (not tab characters). local _, pos = definitions:find('\n' .. ucode .. ' ', 1, true) if pos then local endline = definitions:find('%s*\n', pos) if endline then local result = {} local n = 0 local text = definitions:sub(pos + 1, endline - 1):gsub('%s%s+', '\t') for item in (text .. '\t'):gmatch('(%S.-)\t') do if item == 'ALIAS' then result.alias = true elseif item == 'ANGLE' then result.isangle = true result.nospace = true elseif item == 'NOSPACE' then result.nospace = true elseif item == 'SI' then result.si = true else n = n + 1 if n == 1 then local link, symbol = item:match('^%[%[([^|]+)|(.+)%]%]$') if link then result.symbol = symbol result.link = link n = 2 else result.symbol = item end elseif n == 2 then result.link = item elseif n == 3 then result.scale_text = item result.scale = get_scale(item, ucode) else result.more_ignored = item break end end end if result.si then local s = result.symbol if ucode == 'mc' .. s or ucode == 'mu' .. s then result.ucode = 'µ' .. s -- unit code for convert should be this end end if n >= 2 or (n >= 1 and result.alias) then return result end -- Ignore invalid definition, treating it as a comment. end end end local function convert_lookup(ucode, value, scaled_top, want_link, si, options) local lookup = require('Module:Convert')._unit return lookup(ucode, { value = value, scaled_top = scaled_top, link = want_link, si = si, sort = options.sortable, }) end local function get_unit(ucode, value, scaled_top, options) local want_link = options.want_link if scaled_top then want_link = options.want_per_link end local data = mw.loadData(data_module) local result = options.want_longscale and get_builtin_unit(ucode, data.builtin_units_long_scale) or get_builtin_unit(ucode, data.builtin_units) local si, use_convert if result then if result.alias then ucode = result.symbol use_convert = true end if result.scale then -- Setting si means convert will use the unit as given, and the sort key -- will be calculated from the value without any extra scaling that may -- occur if convert found the unit code. For example, if val defines the -- unit 'year' with a scale and if si were not set, convert would also apply -- its own scale because convert knows that a year is 31,557,600 seconds. si = { result.symbol, result.link } value = value * result.scale end if result.si then ucode = result.ucode or ucode si = { result.symbol, result.link } use_convert = true end else result = {} use_convert = true end local convert_unit = convert_lookup(ucode, value, scaled_top, want_link, si, options) result.sortkey = convert_unit.sortspan if use_convert then result.text = convert_unit.text result.scaled_top = convert_unit.scaled_value else if want_link then result.text = '[[' .. result.link .. '|' .. result.symbol .. ']]' else result.text = result.symbol end result.scaled_top = value end return result end local function makeunit(value, options) -- Return table of information for the requested unit and options, or -- return nil if no unit. options = options or {} local unit local ucode = options.u local percode = options.per if ucode then unit = get_unit(ucode, value, nil, options) elseif percode then unit = { nospace = true, scaled_top = value } else return nil end local text = unit.text or '' local sortkey = unit.sortkey if percode then local function bracketed(code, text) return code:find('[*./]') and '(' .. text .. ')' or text end local perunit = get_unit(percode, 1, unit.scaled_top, options) text = (ucode and bracketed(ucode, text) or '') .. '/' .. bracketed(percode, perunit.text) sortkey = perunit.sortkey end if not (unit.nospace or options.nospace) then text = '&nbsp;' .. text end return { text = text, isangle = unit.isangle, sortkey = sortkey } end local function list_units(mode) -- Return wikitext to list the built-in units. -- A unit code should not contain wikimarkup so don't bother escaping. local data = mw.loadData(data_module) local definitions = data.builtin_units .. data.builtin_units_long_scale local last_was_blank = true local n = 0 local result = {} local function add(line) if line == '' then last_was_blank = true else if last_was_blank and n > 0 then n = n + 1 result[n] = '' end last_was_blank = false n = n + 1 result[n] = line end end local si_prefixes = { -- These are the prefixes recognized by convert; u is accepted for micro. y = 'y', z = 'z', a = 'a', f = 'f', p = 'p', n = 'n', u = 'µ', ['µ'] = 'µ', m = 'm', c = 'c', d = 'd', da = 'da', h = 'h', k = 'k', M = 'M', G = 'G', T = 'T', P = 'P', E = 'E', Z = 'Z', Y = 'Y', } local function is_valid(ucode, unit) if unit and not unit.more_ignored then assert(type(unit.symbol) == 'string' and unit.symbol ~= '') if unit.alias then if unit.link or unit.scale_text or unit.si then return false end end if unit.si then if unit.scale_text then return false end ucode = unit.ucode or ucode local base = unit.symbol if ucode == base then unit.display = base return true end local plen = #ucode - #base if plen > 0 then local prefix = si_prefixes[ucode:sub(1, plen)] if prefix and ucode:sub(plen + 1) == base then unit.display = prefix .. base return true end end else unit.display = unit.symbol return true end end return false end local lookup = require('Module:Convert')._unit local function show_convert(ucode, unit) -- If a built-in unit defines a scale or sets the SI flag, any unit defined in -- convert is not used (the scale or SI prefix's scale is used for a sort key). -- If there is no scale or SI flag, and the unit is not defined in convert, -- the sort key may not be correct; this allows such units to be identified. if not (unit.si or unit.scale_text) then if mode == 'convert' then unit.show = not lookup(unit.alias and unit.symbol or ucode).unknown unit.show_text = 'CONVERT' elseif mode == 'unknown' then unit.show = lookup(unit.alias and unit.symbol or ucode).unknown unit.show_text = 'UNKNOWN' elseif not unit.alias then -- Show convert's scale in square brackets ('[1]' for an unknown unit). -- Don't show scale for an alias because it's misleading for temperature -- and an alias is probably not useful for anything else. local scale = lookup(ucode, {value=1, sort='on'}).scaled_value if type(scale) == 'number' then scale = string.format('%.5g', scale):gsub('e%+?(%-?)0*(%d+)', 'e%1%2') else scale = '?' end unit.show = true unit.show_text = '[' .. scale .. ']' end end end for line in definitions:gmatch('([^\n]*)\n') do local pos, _ = line:find(' ', 1, true) if pos then local ucode = line:sub(1, pos - 1) local unit = get_builtin_unit(ucode, '\n' .. line .. '\n') if is_valid(ucode, unit) then show_convert(ucode, unit) local flags, text if unit.alias then text = unit.symbol else text = '[[' .. unit.link .. '|' .. unit.display .. ']]' end if unit.isangle then unit.nospace = nil -- don't show redundant flag end for _, f in ipairs({ { 'alias', 'ALIAS' }, { 'isangle', 'ANGLE' }, { 'nospace', 'NOSPACE' }, { 'si', 'SI' }, { 'scale_text', unit.scale_text }, { 'show', unit.show_text }, }) do if unit[f[1]] then local t = f[2] if t:match('^%u+$') then t = '<small>' .. t .. '</small>' end if flags then flags = flags .. ' ' .. t else flags = t end end end if flags then text = text .. ' • ' .. flags end add(ucode .. ' = ' .. text .. '<br />') else add(line .. ' ◆ <b>invalid definition</b><br />') end else add(line) end end return table.concat(result, '\n') end local delimit_groups = require('Module:Gapnum').groups local function delimit(sign, numstr, fmt) -- Return sign and numstr (unsigned digits or '.' only) after formatting. -- Four-digit integers are not formatted with gaps. fmt = (fmt or ''):lower() if fmt == 'none' or (fmt == '' and #numstr == 4 and numstr:match('^%d+$')) then return sign .. numstr end -- Group number by integer and decimal parts. -- If there is no decimal part, delimit_groups returns only one table. local ipart, dpart = delimit_groups(numstr) local result if fmt == 'commas' then result = sign .. table.concat(ipart, ',') if dpart then result = result .. '.' .. table.concat(dpart) end else if fmt == 'points' then result = sign .. table.concat(ipart, '.') if dpart then result = result .. ',' .. table.concat(dpart) end else if fmt == 'gaps' then local groups = {} groups[1] = table.remove(ipart, 1) for _, v in ipairs(ipart) do table.insert(groups, '<span style="margin-left:.25em;">' .. v .. '</span>') end if dpart then table.insert(groups, '.' .. (table.remove(dpart, 1) or '')) for _, v in ipairs(dpart) do table.insert(groups, '<span style="margin-left:.25em;">' .. v .. '</span>') end end result = sign .. table.concat(groups) else -- Delimit with a point by default. local groups = {} groups[1] = table.remove(ipart, 1) for _, v in ipairs(ipart) do table.insert(groups, '.' .. v .. '</span>') end if dpart then table.insert(groups, ',' .. (table.remove(dpart, 1) or '')) for _, v in ipairs(dpart) do table.insert(groups, v .. '</span>') end end result = sign .. table.concat(groups) end end end return result end local function sup_sub(sup, sub, align) -- Return the same result as Module:Su except val defaults to align=right. if align == 'l' or align == 'left' then align = 'left' elseif align == 'c' or align == 'center' then align = 'center' else align = 'right' end return '<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:' .. align .. ';">' .. sup .. '<br />' .. sub .. '</span>' end local function range_text(items, unit_table, options) local fmt = options.fmt local nend = items.nend or '' if items.isrepeat or unit_table.isangle then nend = nend .. unit_table.text end local text = '' for i = 1, #items do if i % 2 == 0 then text = text .. items[i] else text = text .. delimit(items[i].sign, items[i].clean, fmt) .. nend end end return text end local function uncertainty_text(uncertainty, unit_table, options) local angle, text, need_parens if unit_table.isangle then angle = unit_table.text end local upper = uncertainty.upper or {} local lower = uncertainty.lower or {} local uncU = upper.clean if uncU then local fmt = options.fmt local uncL = lower.clean if uncL then uncU = delimit('+', uncU, fmt) .. (upper.errend or '') uncL = delimit('−', uncL, fmt) .. (lower.errend or '') if angle then uncU = uncU .. angle uncL = uncL .. angle end text = (angle or '') .. '<span style="margin-left:0.3em;">' .. sup_sub(uncU, uncL, options.align) .. '</span>' else if upper.parens then text = '(' .. uncU .. ')' -- old template did not delimit else text = (angle or '') .. '<span style="margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;">±</span>' .. delimit('', uncU, fmt) need_parens = true end if uncertainty.errend then text = text .. uncertainty.errend end if angle then text = text .. angle end end else if angle then text = angle end end return text, need_parens end local function _main(values, unit_spec, options) data_module = 'Module:Val/units' .. (options.sandbox and '/sandbox' or '') local action = options.action if action then if action == 'list' then -- Kludge: am using the align parameter (a=xxx) for type of list. return list_units(options.align) end return valerror('invalid action "' .. action .. '".', options.nocat) end local number = values.number or (values.numbers and values.numbers[1]) or {} local e_10 = options.e or {} local novalue = (number.value == nil and e_10.clean == nil) local fmt = options.fmt local want_sort = true local sortable = options.sortable if sortable == 'off' or (sortable == nil and novalue) then want_sort = false elseif sortable == 'debug' then -- Same as sortable = 'on' but the sort key is displayed. else sortable = 'on' end local sort_value = 1 if want_sort then sort_value = number.value or 1 if e_10.value and sort_value ~= 0 then -- The 'if' avoids {{val|0|e=1234}} giving an invalid sort_value due to overflow. sort_value = sort_value * 10^e_10.value end end local unit_table = makeunit(sort_value, { u = unit_spec.u, want_link = unit_spec.want_link, per = unit_spec.per, want_per_link = unit_spec.want_per_link, nospace = novalue, want_longscale = unit_spec.want_longscale, sortable = sortable, }) local sortkey if unit_table then if want_sort then sortkey = unit_table.sortkey end else unit_table = { text = '' } if want_sort then sortkey = convert_lookup('dummy', sort_value, nil, nil, nil, { sortable = sortable }).sortspan end end local final_unit = unit_table.isangle and '' or unit_table.text local e_text, n_text, need_parens local uncertainty = values.uncertainty if uncertainty then if number.clean then n_text = delimit(number.sign, number.clean, fmt) .. (number.nend or '') local text text, need_parens = uncertainty_text(uncertainty, unit_table, options) if text then n_text = n_text .. text end else n_text = '' end else if values.numbers.isrepeat then final_unit = '' end n_text = range_text(values.numbers, unit_table, options) need_parens = true end if e_10.clean then if need_parens then n_text = '(' .. n_text .. ')' end e_text = '10^{' .. delimit(e_10.sign, e_10.clean, fmt) .. '}' if number.clean then e_text = '<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>' .. e_text end else e_text = '' end local result = (sortkey or '') .. (options.prefix or '') .. n_text .. e_text .. final_unit .. (options.suffix or '') if result ~= '' then result = '<span class="nowrap">' .. result .. '</span>' end return result .. (options.warning or '') end local function check_parameters(args, has_ranges, nocat) -- Return warning text for the first problem parameter found, or nothing if ok. local whitelist = { a = true, action = true, debug = true, e = true, ['end'] = true, errend = true, ['+errend'] = true, ['-errend'] = true, fmt = true, ['long scale'] = true, long_scale = true, longscale = true, nocategory = true, p = true, s = true, sortable = true, u = true, ul = true, up = true, upl = true, } for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'string' and not whitelist[k] then local warning = 'Val parameter "' .. k .. '=' .. v .. '" is not supported' return valerror(warning, nocat, true) end end if not has_ranges and args[4] then return valerror('Val parameter 4 ignored', nocat, true) end end local function main(frame) local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = { 'Template:Val', 'Template:Val/sandboxlua' }}) local nocat = args.nocategory local numbers = {} -- table of number tables, perhaps with range text local msg = get_args(numbers, args) if msg then return valerror(msg, nocat) end if args.u and args.ul then return valerror('unit (<b>u</b>) and unit with link (<b>ul</b>) are both specified, only one is allowed.', nocat) end if args.up and args.upl then return valerror('unit per (<b>up</b>) and unit per with link (<b>upl</b>) are both specified, only one is allowed.', nocat) end local values if numbers.has_ranges then -- Multiple values with range separators but no uncertainty. numbers.nend = args['end'] values = { numbers = numbers, } else -- A single value with optional uncertainty. local function setfield(i, dst, src) local v = args[src] if v then if numbers[i] then numbers[i][dst] = v else numbers[i] = { [dst] = v } end end end setfield(1, 'nend', 'end') setfield(2, 'errend', '+errend') setfield(3, 'errend', '-errend') values = { number = numbers[1], uncertainty = { upper = numbers[2], lower = numbers[3], errend = args.errend, } } end local unit_spec = { u = args.ul or args.u, want_link = args.ul ~= nil, per = args.upl or args.up, want_per_link = args.upl ~= nil, want_longscale = (args.longscale or args.long_scale or args['long scale']) == 'on', } local options = { action = args.action, align = args.a, e = numbers.e, fmt = args.fmt, nocat = nocat, prefix = args.p, sandbox = string.find(frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true) ~= nil, sortable = args.sortable or (args.debug == 'yes' and 'debug' or nil), suffix = args.s, warning = check_parameters(args, numbers.has_ranges, nocat), } return _main(values, unit_spec, options) end return { main = main, _main = _main } itznt1qsv97oiv8jlhxfjlivap6cfbu 828 3505 18563 2026-08-22T19:55:36Z V321T4S 2759 Modul na imbaru 18563 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local getArgs function p.main(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end local args = getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Gapnum'}) local n = args[1] if not n then error('Parameter 1 is required') elseif not tonumber(n) and not tonumber(n, 36) then -- Validates any number with base ≤ 36 error('Unable to convert "' .. args[1] .. '" to a number') end local gap = args.gap local precision = tonumber(args.prec) return p.gaps(n,{gap=gap,prec=precision}) end -- Not named p._main so that it has a better function name when required by Module:Val function p.gaps(n,tbl) local nstr = tostring(n) if not tbl then tbl = {} end local gap = tbl.gap or '.25em' local int_part, frac_part = p.groups(n,tbl.prec) local ret = mw.html.create('span') :css('white-space','nowrap') -- No gap necessary on first group :wikitext(table.remove(int_part,1)) -- Build int part for _, v in ipairs(int_part) do ret:tag('span') :css('margin-left',gap) :wikitext(v) end if frac_part then -- The first group after the decimal shouldn't have a gap ret:wikitext('.' .. table.remove(frac_part,1)) -- Build frac part for _, v in ipairs(frac_part) do ret:tag('span') :css('margin-left',gap) :wikitext(v) end end return ret end -- Creates tables where each element is a different group of the number function p.groups(num,precision) local nstr = tostring(num) if not precision then precision = -1 end local decimalloc = nstr:find('.', 1, true) local int_part, frac_part if decimalloc == nil then int_part = nstr else int_part = nstr:sub(1, decimalloc-1) frac_part = nstr:sub(decimalloc + 1) end -- only define ret_i as an empty table, let ret_d stay nil local ret_i,ret_d = {} -- Loop to handle most of the groupings; from right to left, so that if a group has less than 3 members, it will be the first group while int_part:len() > 3 do -- Insert in first spot, since we're moving backwards table.insert(ret_i,1,int_part:sub(-3)) int_part = int_part:sub(1,-4) end -- handle any left over numbers if int_part:len() > 0 then table.insert(ret_i,1,int_part) end if precision ~= 0 and frac_part then ret_d = {} if precision == -1 then precision = frac_part:len() end -- Reduce the length of the string if required precision is less than actual precision -- OR -- Increase it (by adding 0s) if the required precision is more than actual local offset = precision - frac_part:len() if offset < 0 then frac_part = frac_part:sub(1,precision) elseif offset > 0 then frac_part = frac_part .. string.rep('0', offset) end -- Allow groups of 3 or 2 (3 first) for v in string.gmatch(frac_part,'%d%d%d?') do table.insert(ret_d,v) end -- Preference for groups of 4 instead of groups of 1 at the end if #frac_part % 3 == 1 then if frac_part:len() == 1 then ret_d = {frac_part} else local last_g = ret_d[#ret_d] or '' last_g = last_g..frac_part:sub(-1) ret_d[#ret_d] = last_g end end end return ret_i,ret_d end return p shv01u5p1guhkrhvf2p19rx0bsgrmt7 10 3506 18564 2026-08-22T19:56:31Z V321T4S 2759 Templat na imbaru 18564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Languageicon|Id|Indonesia}}<noinclude> [[Horong:Templat ikon basa|id]] </noinclude> eej9xfwhnlqr67sfptagiglu43yednl