Wikipedia bclwiki https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Medio Espesyal Olay Paragamit Olay kan paragamit Wikipedia Olay sa Wikipedia Ladawan Olay sa ladawan MediaWiki Olay sa MediaWiki Plantilya Olay sa plantilya Tabang Olay sa tabang Kategorya Olay sa kategorya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 125 305934 305449 2026-05-25T01:16:51Z DWCR News 31489 /* Mga istasiyon kan AM */ 305934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lokasyon}} An '''Daet''' sarong primera klaseng [[:Category:Mga banwaan kan Filipinas|banwaan]] sa [[Provincia kan Filipinas|provincia]] kan [[Camarines Norte]], [[Filipinas]]. Ini an [[kapitolyo]] kan provincia. An designadong zip code kaini iyo {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}. Susog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharongan. Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. ==Mga barangay== Nababanga an Daet sa 25 barangay: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * Alawihao * Awitan * Bagasbas * Bibirao * Borabod * Calasgasan * Camambugan * Cobangbang * Dogongan * Gahonon * Gubat * Lag-on * Magang * Mambalite * Mancruz * Pamorangon * San Isidro * Barangay I/Ilaod (Pob.) * Barangay II/Pasig (Pob.) * Barangay III/Iraya (Pob.) * Barangay IV/Mantagbac (Pob.) * Barangay V/Pandan (Pob.) * Barangay VI (Pob.) * Barangay VII (Pob.) * Barangay VIII }} == Demograpiko == {{Populasyon}} * ==Mga kakanan== *Burger King *Chowking *Jollibee *KFC *Max's ==Mga media== ===Mga istasiyon kan AM=== *DWGX ME Radio 1071 kHz(Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. asin Capitol Broadcasting Center) *DZMD Radyo 1161 kHz (DZMD; PBN Broadcasting Network) *DZDI News 1197 kHz (DZDI-AM; Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. asin IMT Broadcasting Foundation) *DZME RadyoTV/ME RadioTV 1269 kHz (DWOF; Capitol Broadcasting Center ME Broadcast Production Corporation/Audiovisual Communicators, Inc.) ===Mga istasiyon kan FM=== *Radyo Sincero Daet 105.3 (DZFG; Information Broadcast Unlimited/ABJ Broadcasting Services) ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <center><gallery> Ladawan:Munisipyo kan Daet.jpg|Munisipyo kan Daet Ladawan:Saint John the Baptist Church (Daet), May 2024.jpg|Simbahan ni San Juan Bautista Ladawan:Jose Rizal's First Monument, Daet, Cam Norte, May 2024.jpg|Pinakaenot na Monumento ki Rizal Ladawan:Daet La Consolacion College.jpg|Kolehiyo La Consolacion sa Daet Ladawan:Cam Norte State College 02.jpg|Camarines Norte State College Ladawan:Marker heroes of CN.jpg|Santuario sa pag'onra sa mga Rebulosyunaryo 1898 kan Camarines Norte Ladawan:Martyrs of CN 1898.jpg|Marker para sa mga martir kan Camarines Norte 1898 </gallery></center> == Hilingon man == * [[Ildefonso Moreno|Ildefonso R. Moreno]] == Toltolan == {{reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System] *[http://www.bicolonline.com Free Email for daeteñous] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212135926/http://bicolonline.com/ |date=2012-02-12 }} *[http://www.galapinoy.com/2007/06/05/a-trip-to-daet-and-the-calaguas-islands-in-camarines-norte/ An article on Daet and the Calaguas Islands with pictures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212075055/http://www.galapinoy.com/2007/06/05/a-trip-to-daet-and-the-calaguas-islands-in-camarines-norte/ |date=2008-02-12 }} {{saringsing}} {{Navbox Camarines Norte}} [[Kategorya:Mga banwaan kan Camarines Norte]] kvlnvwki686s3ypyyy9vt89fnhnm2s1 305936 305934 2026-05-25T01:17:14Z DWCR News 31489 /* Mga istasiyon kan AM */ 305936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lokasyon}} An '''Daet''' sarong primera klaseng [[:Category:Mga banwaan kan Filipinas|banwaan]] sa [[Provincia kan Filipinas|provincia]] kan [[Camarines Norte]], [[Filipinas]]. Ini an [[kapitolyo]] kan provincia. An designadong zip code kaini iyo {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}. Susog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharongan. Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. ==Mga barangay== Nababanga an Daet sa 25 barangay: {{columns-list|colwidth=15em| * Alawihao * Awitan * Bagasbas * Bibirao * Borabod * Calasgasan * Camambugan * Cobangbang * Dogongan * Gahonon * Gubat * Lag-on * Magang * Mambalite * Mancruz * Pamorangon * San Isidro * Barangay I/Ilaod (Pob.) * Barangay II/Pasig (Pob.) * Barangay III/Iraya (Pob.) * Barangay IV/Mantagbac (Pob.) * Barangay V/Pandan (Pob.) * Barangay VI (Pob.) * Barangay VII (Pob.) * Barangay VIII }} == Demograpiko == {{Populasyon}} * ==Mga kakanan== *Burger King *Chowking *Jollibee *KFC *Max's ==Mga media== ===Mga istasiyon kan AM=== *DWGX ME Radio 1071 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. asin Capitol Broadcasting Center) *DZMD Radyo 1161 kHz (DZMD; PBN Broadcasting Network) *DZDI News 1197 kHz (DZDI-AM; Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. asin IMT Broadcasting Foundation) *DZME RadyoTV/ME RadioTV 1269 kHz (DWOF; Capitol Broadcasting Center ME Broadcast Production Corporation/Audiovisual Communicators, Inc.) ===Mga istasiyon kan FM=== *Radyo Sincero Daet 105.3 (DZFG; Information Broadcast Unlimited/ABJ Broadcasting Services) ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <center><gallery> Ladawan:Munisipyo kan Daet.jpg|Munisipyo kan Daet Ladawan:Saint John the Baptist Church (Daet), May 2024.jpg|Simbahan ni San Juan Bautista Ladawan:Jose Rizal's First Monument, Daet, Cam Norte, May 2024.jpg|Pinakaenot na Monumento ki Rizal Ladawan:Daet La Consolacion College.jpg|Kolehiyo La Consolacion sa Daet Ladawan:Cam Norte State College 02.jpg|Camarines Norte State College Ladawan:Marker heroes of CN.jpg|Santuario sa pag'onra sa mga Rebulosyunaryo 1898 kan Camarines Norte Ladawan:Martyrs of CN 1898.jpg|Marker para sa mga martir kan Camarines Norte 1898 </gallery></center> == Hilingon man == * [[Ildefonso Moreno|Ildefonso R. Moreno]] == Toltolan == {{reflist}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== * [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System] *[http://www.bicolonline.com Free Email for daeteñous] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212135926/http://bicolonline.com/ |date=2012-02-12 }} *[http://www.galapinoy.com/2007/06/05/a-trip-to-daet-and-the-calaguas-islands-in-camarines-norte/ An article on Daet and the Calaguas Islands with pictures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212075055/http://www.galapinoy.com/2007/06/05/a-trip-to-daet-and-the-calaguas-islands-in-camarines-norte/ |date=2008-02-12 }} {{saringsing}} {{Navbox Camarines Norte}} [[Kategorya:Mga banwaan kan Camarines Norte]] me9ruetaaddy1aa2tiiij2qojaw2fnu 0 160 305956 305391 2026-05-25T02:06:26Z DWCR News 31489 /* Mga Radyo */ 305956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lokasyon |official_name=Nueva Cáceres }} :''Para sa Syudad nin Naga sa Cebu, hilingon an [[Naga, Cebu]].'' An '''Syudad nin Naga''' ([[Ingles]]: ''City of Naga''; [[Filipino]]: ''Lungsod ng Naga'' o [[Spanish language|Espanyol]]: ''Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres'') sarong primera klaseng [[:Category:Mga ciudad kan Filipinas|syudad]] kan [[Filipinas]]. Namumugtak ini sa [[Rehiyon Bikol]] sa sur-sulnopan na puro kan [[Isla|isla]] nin [[Luzon]]. Nasa 377 km sa sur-sulnopan ini kan syudad kan [[Manila]] asin 380 km sa norte-subangan kan syudad kan [[Cebu (ciudad)|Cebu]] sa [[Visayas]]. Kun itatampad an sakop kan syudad sa ibang mga syudad kan rehiyon, bakong mahiwas an sukol nin kadagaan kaini. Sa pitong syudad igdi sa rehiyon, an Naga iyo an pinakasadit, na igwa sanang hiwas na 8,480 ektarya. Huli kaiyan ini an pinakasoròsoan (densely populated) na syudad sa rehiyon. An designadong zip code kaini iyo {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}. <br> Sosog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharongan. <br> Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. Bisto sa apod na "Heart of Bicol" ([[Bikol]]: ''Puso kan Bikol''), asin siring man, binabansagan ining "An Maogmang Lugar". Ini an solamenteng independienteng syudad asin an sentro kan edukasyon sagkod Simbahan na Katoliko sa rehiyon. An mga residente digdi inaapod na ''Nagueños''. Inaapod man ang Naga na ''Queen City of Bicol''. An syudad an sentro kan [[Metro Naga]], an lugar na komponido kan 12 banwaan asin syudad nin Naga na marikas an pag-uswag na kabali sa Metro Naga Development Council. Komponido kan mga banwaan sa Segundo Distrito kan Camarines Sur, apwera kan [[Canaman, Camarines Sur|Canaman]] asin mga banwaan sa tul. Dating kabesera kan Camarines Sur an syudad nin Naga, alagad sa Akta Republika Nu. 1336, na nagin ley kan Hunyo 8, 1955, naribayan ini kan banwaan nin [[Pili]]. Si [[Nelson Legacion|Leni Robredo]], an dating bise-presidente iyo an presenteng alkalde kan syudad nin Naga. Saiyang sinalidahan si [[John Bongat|Nelson Legacion]] taon 2025. ==Napanongdan na gamit kan kahiwasan kan syudad== An kabilogan na hiwas kan kadagaan kan syudad na ini 8,448 na ektarya o 84.48 kilometro kwadrado, bagay na an syudad nin Naga iyo an pinakasadit na syudad sa pitong syudad kan ronang Bikol<ref>http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }} Kinua 03-9-16</ref>. Sa total na ini, 75% ginagamit sa agrikultura, 13% para sa residensya, 7% okupado nin kadlagan asin mga parke, 2% gamit komersyal, 2% gamit kan gobyerno para sa mga edipisyo, asin 1.2% para sa ibang pang katuyohan.<ref>http://www.adnu.edu.ph/Centers/SSRC/nagaprofile.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416160341/http://www.adnu.edu.ph/Centers/SSRC/nagaprofile.html |date=2016-04-16 }} Kinua 03-9-16</ref> ==Komersyo== [[Ladawan:Naga City CamSur Seal.svg|thumb|left|Selyo kan syudad nin Naga]] [[Ladawan:WTNaga HIJAB B19.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Paroko ni San Juan de Evangelista o mas bisto sa ngaran na Metropolitan Cathedral]] [[Ladawan:WTNaga HIJAB A21.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Peñafrancia Parish. An Dating Santuario ni Ina, Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia]] [[Ladawan:WTNaga HIJAB B31.JPG|right|thumb|300px|Simbahan ni San Francisco]] [[Ladawan:Rizal Park, Naga City.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Rizal Park]] [[File:Claveria visit to NC Feb 16 1845.jpg|thumb|300px|Pagbisita ni Gobernador Heneral Narciso Claveria y Zaldua kan Peb. 16, 1845 sa Nueva Caceres (pintura ni Jose Honorato Lozano)]] [[File:Banwaan nin Naga, Camarines Sur, Filipinas 1935.png|right|300px|thumb|Pagtanaw kan Naga (Camarines Sur), eroplano haleng Milaor, 1935]] Igwang duwang pangenot na lugar pangkomersiyo an Naga. Ini an Central Business District I (bisto sa apod na Centro) asin Central Business District II. Sa CBD I igwa nin manlalaen na negosyo arog kan mga bangko, botika, restaurants, department stores asin iba pa. Yaon man igdi an Naga City Public Market na bakalan kan mga preskong gulay, karne, asin mga produktong Bikolnon arog kan pili asin abaka. An CBD II na yaon sa may Triangulo asin Lerma mahihiling an Bicol Central Station na nag-ooperar nin mga biyahe pasiring sa mga kataraid na munisipyo asin siyudad pati man an mga biyaheng paduman sa Manila. Yaon man digdi an Jesse Robredo Coliseum na an ikaduwang pinakadakulang coliseum sa Pilipinas pagkatapos kan Smart Araneta Coliseum. Kan Mayo 1, 2009 lang tigbukasan sa publiko an kakatugdok lang na SM City Naga na sarong mall. Ini kagsadiri ni [[Henry Sy]], sarong negosyante na iyo man an may sadiri nin gabos na SM Malls sa bilog na nasyon. ==Transportasyon== An mga paagi nin transportasyon sa laog kan siyudad iyo an pamosong Jeep, tricycle asin padyak. Mientras, an mga bisita asin turista hali sa luwas kan siyudad, pwedeng makaabot sa Naga sa paagi nin bus, jeep, van/fx, asin eroplano (sa Naga Airport sa Pili). ==Edukasyon== An siyudad nin Naga iyo an sentro kan edukasyon sa Bikol nin huli sa dakol na institusyon nin halangkaw na pagkanood digdi. Kabali an: [[Ateneo de Naga na Unibersidad]] na pinapadalagan kan mga Heswita; [[Unibersidad kan Nueva Caceres]] (dating Nueva Caceres an apod sa siyudad kan panahon nin mga Kastila) na pangenot na unibersidad sa taon nin pagkamukna asin bilang kan estudyante; sagkod [[Universidad de Santa Isabel]] na pinapadalagan kan mga madre kan Daughters of Charity asin an pinakágurang na eskwelahan na normal para sa mga babae sa [[Harayong Subangan]]. An posibleng ikaapat na unibersidad kan siyudad an [[Kolehiyong Fundasyon nin Naga]] na pangenot na eskwelahan nin Kriminolohiya sa rehiyon. ==Uusipon== Bago an pag-abot kan mga Kastila, mayaman na lugar na an dating banwa kan Naga na namukna sa duwang salog---Bikol asin Naga. Igwa na ining mayaman na kultura asin mga matibay na armas. Sa panahon kan mga Kastila an Naga an nagin sentro kan kultura, negosyo asin relihiyon kan enterong kabikulan. An pangaran daa kan Naga hale sa pagdangog nin sarong konkistador na Kastila, si [[Juan de Salcedo]] sa ngaran kan sarong kahoy na pigaapud na '''naga''' kaidtong mga Bikolano. Midbid an kahoy na ini sa ngaran na ''narra'' sa tataramon na [[Tagalog]] asin [[Bisaya]]. Alagad, an ibang mga Bikolanong historyador arog ki [[Danilo Gerona]] nagtutubod na an taramon na '''naga''' naggikan sa taramon na ''naga'' na nagtotomoy sa sarong lahing kapu'ngalan na Monggol na ngonyan iyo an ginikanan kan mga katawohan nageerok sa [[Assam]], [[Meghalalya]], [[Tripiera]], [[Mizoran]], [[Maripur]], [[Arunachal]], [[Pradesh]], [[Burma]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Sikkim]], [[Nepal]] asin [[Tibet]]. Susog man saiya, an paragilid kan duwang salog kan Bikol asin Naga haloy nang eneerokan poon pa kan 900 A.D. siring sa maririraw sa mga parasâ-pasang artifaks na nagkahoronggad sa paralibot kaini. Sabi pa niya, an taramon na ''naga'' lakop man sa mga lengguwahe kan [[Batak]] kan [[Sumatra]] asin man kan mga [[Dayak]] kan [[Borneo]] na an pakahulogan sarong irago (serpente)/dragon. Nasambit pa niya na an mga lunadang pandagat kan mga antigong Tagalog asin Pampango na may nakakaag nin garo halas/dragon na payo sa dulong (prowa) kan mga lunadan na inaapod nindang ''naga''. [[File:Lignum nephriticum - cup of Philippine lignum nephriticum, Pterocarpus indicus, and flask containing its fluorescent solution Hi.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Kopa gibo sa kahoy na naga (narra), produkto kan Naga panahon pre-kolonyal asin kan panahon nin Kastila]] Dapit kaini, na an "naga" sinapi' talaga sa pangaran na ''naga'' na boot sabihon ''irago/halas'' o ''dragon'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=An halas na naga hinanap sa Thailand. Kinua 07-11-13 |url=http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/221/in_the_coils_of_the_naga.html |access-date=2013-11-06 |archive-date=2013-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131108012419/http://www.forteantimes.com/features/articles/221/in_the_coils_of_the_naga.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> na bakong gikan sa pangaran kan kahoy na ''narra'' o sa layas na itik na nagâ, iyo man ini an tinotolod na teoriya kan iba pang mga parasurat arog ki Antonio H. Aragon. An Naga sarô sa pinaká enot na ginibong siyudad kan mga Kastila sa enterong Filipinas. Sa taon na 1575 an Siyudad de Caceres tinogdas bilang orihinal na erokan kan mga Kastilang eksplorador manta sa ibong kan salog sa parte na ngonyan kan Lerma asin Dayangdang iyo an orihinal man na lugar kan mga tunay na taga-Naga. Sa pagtalubo kan duwang lugar nagsinakniban na an duwa asin an kahiwasan naapod nang Nueva Caceres. Pag'abot kan mga Amerikano, nawara an pagkasiyudad kaini asin binalik an saiyang ngaran sa Naga sa taon na 1919. Kan Hunyo 18, 1948 naging ==Mga Lingaan asin mga Pahingaloan== Digdi sa Naga, dakulon na an mga linga-lingaan. Nakataraytay sa kalabaan kan Abenidang Magsaysay an manlaenlaen na mga kakanan, kapihan, inom-inoman, asin iba pa na nagtataong kaalingan sa mga taga-Naga kun banggi orog na kun tapos na an semana nin paglapigot sa trabaho. Yaon diyan an Avenue Square na pano sa mga puwestong inuman, kakanan, kakanan na may tugtugan, asin mga tindahan: Wok Restaurant (kakanan), Coffee Beanery (kapihan), Little Asia (kakanan/inuman), Max's Restaurant (kakanan kan bantog na Max Fried Chicken), Lady Crab (bantog sa seafood orog na an aniit). Digdi laen kan mga lingaan, may mga tindahan man arog kan Mercury Drugstore, sa cellphones, mga bags, sapatos, arak asin kun anu-ano pa. Sa enotang wala kaini iyo an Chili Peppers, sarong inom-inoman asin binibistong nagpuon na nagkaag nin siring na negosyo sa tinampong ini. Sarong bagong tugdok iyo an Westpark Avenue kun saen nakakaag an Tokyo Tokyo!, an Dennis Grill, KopiRoti, Bacolod Inasal, asin iba pa. Yaon man naglugar sa tinampong ini an Red Platter, sarong may '''ambiance'' na restaurant pan-pamilya. An sunod iyo an Starbucks (kapihan), Bistro Roberto (resto bar asin may banda), Ilaw sa Dahon (resto, inuman), Kambingan (inuman, kakanan, bantog sa sisig), Bob Marlin (kakanan/inuman), asin gulping kakanan na Koreano. Sa tahaw kan sentro, sa kataid sana kan Plaza Quezon iyo an Rizal Park. Mientras, mahayahay kuta ini na paro-pahingaloan kan mga gustong magpalihis-oras alagad sa may mga bulan na ginibo na ining merkado asin lungalong nin kun anu-anong paninda. Maski may mga nagrereklamo, dai ini mapakiaraman kan administrasyon kan siyudad nin huli ta ini sinasabing pagsasadiri kan gobyerno probinsiyal. == Mga barangay == {{Wide image|Ph fil naga camarines sur.png|1024px|3=<div align=center>'''Naga'''</div>|dir=rtl}} May 27 na mga [[barangay]] an Naga: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mga barangay ! Klase ! Populasyon<ref name=NSO10>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Bicol.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority |accessdate=January 7, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119074307/http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Bicol.pdf |archivedate=November 19, 2012 |df= }}</ref> ! Kapitan<ref name="NagaBarangayOfficials">{{cite web |title=Barangay Officials 2010 |url=http://naga.gov.ph/experience-naga/elected-officials/barangay-official-2010/ |website=Naga City |access-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404101615/http://naga.gov.ph/experience-naga/elected-officials/barangay-official-2010/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> |- | Abella | Urban | 4,788 | Antonio Berja |- | Bagumbayan Norte | Urban | 2,991 | Dodit Beltran |- | Bagumbayan Sur | Urban | 6,959 | Jorge I. Salva Jr. |- | Balatas | Urban | 10,404 | Pedro San Juan Jr. |- | Calauag | Urban | 11,513 | Corazon Peñaflor |- | Cararayan | Urban | 15,998 |Rodrigo B. Agravante Jr. |- | Carolina | Urban | 5,841 | Alicia V. Saba |- | Concepcion Grande | Urban | 11,137 | Leticia Punzalan |- | Concepcion Pequeña | Urban | 23,577 | Andres Panis |- | Dayangdang | Urban | 4,568 | Joshua Calleja |- | Del Rosario | Urban | 9,332 | Gina Alcantara |- | Dinaga | Urban | 456 | Gemma Joy Antonio |- | Igualdad Interior | Urban | 3,379 | Domingo Alamer |- | Lerma | Urban | 2,337 | Domingo Serrado |- | Liboton | Urban | 3,075 | Salvadora Ortua |- | Mabolo | Urban | 7,611 | Magno Reyes |- | Pacol | Urban | 11,673 | Josue Perez |- | Panicuason | Urban | 2,715 | Domingo Ramos |- | Peñafrancia | Urban | 5,712 | Jeffrey Moralde |- | Sabang | Urban | 7,000 | Cyrus Caballero |- | San Felipe | Urban | 17,444 | Alfonso Rodriguez |- | San Francisco | Urban | 947 | Tomas Ramon Sanchez Jr. |- | San Isidro | Urban | 2,768 | Veronica C. Panganiban |- | Santa Cruz | Urban | 7,442 | Lorenzo D. Narvaez |- | Tabuco | Urban | 4,129 | Marcelo R. Bagadiong |- | Tinago | Urban | 3,268 | Jose Importante |- | Triangulo | Urban | 9,019 | Allan Beriso |} == Demograpiko == {{Populasyon}} ==Mga Medya== ===Mga Telebisyon=== *DWAI-TV (GMA TV-7 Naga) *DWPV-TV (ALLTV 11 Naga) ===Mga Radyo=== *[[DWRB-AM]] Radyo ng Bayan 549 kHz (Philippine Broadcasting Service) *[[DWLV-AM]] 603 kHz ([[Bicol Broadcasting System]]) *[[DWRN]] 657 kHz *[[DZLW]] 711 kHz *[[DZHY|DZHY-AM Dating DWNW 756 kHz Radyo Komentaryo]] (Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation) *[[DZGE]] 855 kHz (Filipinas Broadcasting Network) *[[Asintado News Radyo|Asintado News Radyo Naga]] (Mga Dating [[DWHQ-AM]]) 891 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Margo Management and Consultancy Services, Inc.) *[[DWMT|Aksyon Radyo 981 kHz]] (DWMT; Philippine Broadcasting Corporation) *[[DZNG]] 1044 kHz *[[DWAI-AM]] 1170 kHz (RGMA Network, Inc.) *[[DZIF]] 1143 kHz (Crusaders Broadcasting System) *[[DZHN]] 1296 kHz (Radio Mindanao Network) *[[DZDV]] 1341 kHz ([[Mareco Broadcasting Network]]) *[[DWAA-AM]] Aksyon Radyo 1359 kHz (ABS-CBN Corporation) *[[DWHN-AM]] 1467 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Alpha Omega Broadcasting Corporation) *[[DZIW]] 1521 kHz (Advanced Media Broadcasting System) (TBD) *[[DZON]] 1611 kHz ([[Radio Mindanao Network]]) (TBD) *[[DZHO-FM|Radyo Kristo 93.5 DZHO]] (Far East Broadcasting Company) *[[DWOY|DWOY Radyo Radyo 94.3]] (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Atenio de Naga University) *[[DZRB-FM|95.9 Radyo Kasado]] (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Darian Pharmaceutical Distributor) *[[DWSV|100.7 Radyo Asintado]] (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc./Asintado News) *[[DZTN]] 102.3 MHz (Audiovisual Communicators, Inc.) *[[DWMW]] 107.9 MHz (Mabuhay Broadcasting System, Inc.) [[File:Naga 1935 skyview photo nkaag sa Wikipedia pinaputi cropped2.jpg|thumb|center|800px|Pagta'naw sa kalangitan kan Naga, Camarines Sur, Filipinas, 1935]] ==Kataytayan nin mga retrato== <center><gallery> Ladawan:WTNaga EURO B45.JPG|An lumang Centro Ladawan:WTNaga EURO B40a.JPG|Merkado Publiko Ladawan:Plasa Quezon Naga City(Bicol).jpg|Plasa Quezon, Syudad nin Naga, 2017 Ladawan:WTNaga BAHALANA A41.JPG|Bicol Indian Sikh Temple Ladawan:WTNaga EURO A33.JPG|Avenue Square Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C37.JPG|Simbahan kan Paroko ni Imaculada Concepcion Ladawan:Naga city hall.JPG|City Hall kan Ciudad nin Naga Ladawan:WTNaga EURO B46.JPG|Templo nin Taoismo Ladawan:St jude naga city.JPG|Santuario asin Parokya ni San Judas Tadeo Ladawan:WTNaga STAR X1.jpg|CBD Terminal Ladawan:WTNaga BAHALANA A34.JPG|Avenue Plaza Hotel Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C31.JPG|Villa Caceres Hotel Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C45.JPG|STI Naga Ladawan:WTNaga LAPANAK C43.JPG|Bangko Sentral kan Pilipinas Ladawan:Inarihan Farm Resort 7.jpg|Dalan sa Inarihan Farm Ladawan:Big Stone.jpg|Big Stone Ladawan:Inarihan Farm Resort 3.jpg|Salog sa Inarihan Ladawan:Malabsay Falls.jpg|Busay Malabsay, Bukid Isarog, Panicuason </gallery></center> ==Mga Gikan== <div style="font-size:80%"> * Naga: The Birth and Rebirth of a City. Danilo Madrid Gerona. Pinublikar kan Siyudad nin Naga. 2003.178 p. * CAMARINES by the Vicor River. A compilation of Articles On Bikol History and Culture. 1999. Prov. Govt. of Camarines Sur. 282 p. *An retrato kan Parke ni Rizal kinua kan nabakante sa mga tindahan kan Oktobre, 2008. </div> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} ==Mga Peryodiko Lokal== *[http://www.kaiba.cjb.net/ Kaiba News and Features, KNF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211174144/http://kaiba.cjb.net/ |date=2009-02-11 }} *[http://serbisyongbikolnon.ph/ Bikol Reporter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307141939/http://serbisyongbikolnon.ph/ |date=2021-03-07 }} (May pitak nakasurat sa Bikol) * Bicol Mail [https://www.bicolmail.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322055205/https://www.bicolmail.net/ |date=2023-03-22 }} (May pitak nakasurat sa Bikol) *[http://www.voxbikol.com Vox Bikol] (Nagaako nin mga Artikulo nakasurat sa Bikol) * Bicol Standard [https://www.facebook.com/bicolstandardnewspaper/] *[[Bicol Forum]] *[[Lagpitaw]] == Mga panluwas na takod == {{Commons category}} {{Wikivoyage|Naga}} * [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System] *[http://www.naga.gov.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Siyudad nin Naga] *[http://www.camarinessur.gov.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Probinsiya nin Camarines Sur] *[http://www.adnu.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Ateneo de Naga University] *[http://www.unc.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan University of Nueva Caceres] *[http://www.usi.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Universidad de Sta. Isabel] *[http://www.ncf.edu.ph/ Opisyal na Website kan Naga College Foundation] *[http://www.wowphilippines.com.ph/explore_phil/place_details.asp?content=history&province=28/ WowPhilippines.com]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{rambong}} {{Navbox Camarines Sur}} [[Kategorya:Mga syudad kan Filipinas]] o1qajr46fdmmqufxr063rb79zorjhj5 0 304 305939 298747 2026-05-25T01:24:23Z DWCR News 31489 /* Mga istasyon nin telebisyon: */ 305939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lokasyon}} An '''Masbate''' sarong ikalimang klaseng [[ciudad kan Filipinas|syudad]] sa [[probinsya kan Filipinas|probinsya]] nin [[Masbate]] sa [[Filipinas|Republika kan Filipinas]]. Ini an kabisera kan probinsya. An designadong zip code kaini iyo {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}. Susog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharongan. Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. == Mga Barangay == [[Ladawan:City Hall of Masbate.jpg|right|thumb|288px|An munisipyo kan Syudad nin Masbate]] [[Ladawan:St. Anthony de Padua Cathedral.jpg|right|thumb|288px|An katedral ni San Antonio de Padua]] Nabábangâ sa 30 ng barangay an Ciudad nin Masbate. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Anas * Asid * B. Titong * Bagumbayan * Bantigue * Bapor (Pob.) * Batuhan * Bayombon * Biyong * Bolo * Cagay * Cawayan Exterior * Cawayan Interior * Centro (Pob.) * Espinosa </td><td valign=top> * F. Magallanes * Ibingay * Igang * Kalipay (Pob.) * Kinamaligan * Malinta * Mapiña * Mayngaran * Nursery * Pating (Pob.) * Pawa * Sinalongan * Tugbo * Ubongan Dacu * Usab </td></tr></table> == Demograpiko == {{Populasyon}} == Uusipon == Ginibong ciudad an banwaan nin Masbate kan Setyembre 2000.<ref>[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/factsheet/pdf01/fs1_01.asp NSCB - 2001 Factsheet - 12 New Cities Created], July-December 2000.</ref> == Mga institusyon nin edukasyon == * Academy of Computer Experts * Capitolina O. Legazpi Memorial High School * Jose Zurbito Sr. Elementary School * Liceo de Masbate * Masbate National Comprehensive High School * MNCHS Brgy. Bolo - Annex * Masbate Colleges * Osmeña Colleges * Ovilla Technical College * Sacro Costato School * Saint Anthony Seminary * Southern Bicol Colleges * CTI Technical Institute * Andres Soriano Junior Memorial School * Andres Clemente Jr. High School * Wise Choice Computer Tutorial, Learning & Research Center == Mga kapistahan == * Pagdayao Festival * RODEO Masbateño * Galleon Festival == Mga istasyon nin telebisyon: == * TV5 Network, Inc. DWNT-TV Channel 5 * [[GMA Network]]: Channel 7 * [[Masbate Community Broadcasting Corporation]]: [[ABS-CBN]] Affiliates (Channel 10) * [[ACQ-Kingdom Broadcasting Network]]: Channel == Mga istasyon nin radyo: == * [[Radyo Natin 107.1/DZRH]]: MBC- Manila Broadcasting Company * [[Masbate Community Broadcasting Corporation]]: [[ABS-CBN]] Affiliates (DYME 783AM/95.9FM) * DZKG 1269 AM: Audiovisual Communicators, Inc. * [[DWVV-AM]] 1476 AM: Verallo Family * 92.5 Radyo Sincero Masbate (DZPO; Prime Broadcasting Network asin ABJ Broadcasting Services) * DWMH/HOT FM 94.9-Manila Broadcasting Company * Radyo Sabungan 96.7 ([[DZAL-FM]]; Rinconada Broadcasting Corporation) ==Kataytayan nin mga ladawan== <gallery> Ladawan:Masbate city Sojourn 074.jpg|An pantalan Ladawan:Masbate city Sojourn 030.jpg|Ospital probinsyal Ladawan:Masbate city Sojourn 028.jpg|An parke Ladawan:Masbate city Sojourn 044.jpg|An Magallanes Coliseum </gallery> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == * [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System] * [http://www.masbateonline.com Masbate Related Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222234736/http://masbateonline.com/ |date=2018-12-22 }} {{Navbox Masbate}} {{saringsing}} [[Kategorya:Mga syudad kan Filipinas]] 0dlyzy1ruidrmbhe1xnaiay32u2792t 0 415 305957 275035 2026-05-25T02:12:56Z DWCR News 31489 /* Demograpiko */ 305957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lokasyon}} An '''Magarao''' sarong ikalimang [[:Category:Mga banwaan kan Camarines Sur|banwaan]] sa [[Provincia kan Filipinas|provincia]] kan [[Camarines Sur]], [[Filipinas]]. An designadong zip code kaini iyo {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}. Susog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharungan. Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. Igwa ining 15 na barangay. ==Mga barangay== Nababanga an Magarao sa 15 [[barangay]]. * Barobaybay * Bell (Pob.) * Carangcang * Carigsa * Casuray * Montserrat (Pob.) * Ponong * San Francisco (Pob.) * San Isidro (Pob.) * San Juan (Pob.) * San Miguel * San Pantaleon (Pob.) * Santa Lucia (Pob.) * Santa Rosa * Santo Tomas (Pob.) == Demograpiko == {{Populasyon}} == Mga AM Transmiter == *[[DWMT|Aksyon Radyo 981 kHz (DWMT; Philippine Broadcasting Corporation) == Kataytayan nin mga ladawan == <gallery> Ladawan:800px-Magarao Church008.jpg|Simbahang katoliko kan Magarao Ladawan:Heritage House in the road.jpg|Sarong suanoy na harong </gallery> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == * [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System] {{saringsing}} {{Navbox Camarines Sur}} [[Kategorya:Mga banwaan kan Camarines Sur]] kn2sv1a8am3bwpfnka9g4v34l295qsf 305958 305957 2026-05-25T02:13:19Z DWCR News 31489 /* Mga AM Transmiter */ 305958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lokasyon}} An '''Magarao''' sarong ikalimang [[:Category:Mga banwaan kan Camarines Sur|banwaan]] sa [[Provincia kan Filipinas|provincia]] kan [[Camarines Sur]], [[Filipinas]]. An designadong zip code kaini iyo {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}. Susog sa sensus kan {{wikidata|qualifier|single|P1082|P585}}, igwa ining {{PH wikidata|population_total}} katawong nag-eerok digdi sa {{PH wikidata|household}} kaharungan. Igwa ining sukol na {{PH wikidata|area}} kilometro kwadrado. Igwa ining 15 na barangay. ==Mga barangay== Nababanga an Magarao sa 15 [[barangay]]. * Barobaybay * Bell (Pob.) * Carangcang * Carigsa * Casuray * Montserrat (Pob.) * Ponong * San Francisco (Pob.) * San Isidro (Pob.) * San Juan (Pob.) * San Miguel * San Pantaleon (Pob.) * Santa Lucia (Pob.) * Santa Rosa * Santo Tomas (Pob.) == Demograpiko == {{Populasyon}} == Mga AM Transmiter == *[[DWMT|Aksyon Radyo 981 kHz]] (DWMT; Philippine Broadcasting Corporation) == Kataytayan nin mga ladawan == <gallery> Ladawan:800px-Magarao Church008.jpg|Simbahang katoliko kan Magarao Ladawan:Heritage House in the road.jpg|Sarong suanoy na harong </gallery> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod == * [https://www.philatlas.com/ PhilAtlas.com] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161010201809/http://www.blgs.gov.ph/lgpmsv2/cmshome/index.php?pageID=23 Local Governance Performance Management System] {{saringsing}} {{Navbox Camarines Sur}} [[Kategorya:Mga banwaan kan Camarines Sur]] 6kxympi5nhmmae9zig4963i7bv4ohjb 4 16377 305909 285636 2026-05-24T12:52:25Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305909 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Wikipedia''' sarong ensiklopedya na hinaman nin manlainlain na parasurat asin talingkas na gamiton nin siisay man sa bilog na kinaban. An sityong ini sarong [[Wiki]], boot sabihon pwedeng maliwat nin siisay man an mga artikulo sa paagi kan pag-klik sa bagong link o takod. An ''[[Wikipedya]]'' sarong proyekto kan Wikimedia Foundation. Yaon sa irarom kan Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-SA 4.0) an gabos na teksto sa Wikipedia, asin kadaklan kan mga ladawan asin iba pang laog kaini. Pagrurugaring kan mga kaggibo an mga ambag, mantang talingkas ining iniheheras susog sa GFDL license. Hilingon an ''[[Wikipedia:Copyrights|copyright notice]]'' asin an ''[[Wikipedia:General disclaimer|content disclaimer]]'' para sa dugang na mga impormasyon. ==Mapanonongod sa Bikol na Wikipedia== {{Main|Wikipedyang Bikol Sentral}} An '''Bikol Wikipedia''', sarong edisyon kan [[Wikipedia]] sa [[tataramon na Bikol Sentral]]. Siring sa ibang mga paraambag kan mga Tagalog asin Ingles na Wikipedia, an Wikipedia man na ini minarepresentar sa tataramon na Bikol Sentral. Sa ngunyan, igwa na ining [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] na mga artikulo. ===Kasaysayan=== Pinúnan an Bikol Sentral Wikipedia, ''An Talingkas na Ensiklopedya'', kan 27 Nobyembre 2007. Sa ngunyan, igwa na ining [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] mga artikulo.<ref> [http://bcl.wikipedia.org], isinangguni kan: 29 Mayo 2018</ref> Hinahaman pa sa ngunyan sa [[:betawiki:Main Page|Betawiki]] (o [[:betawiki:Main Page|Translatewiki.net]]) an lokalisasyon kan pagpalis tataramon kan lawog kaining sityo.<ref name=Betawiki>[http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&translations=only&trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} Taytay kan mga gibohon sa Translatewiki.net (Betawiki)]</ref> ===Estadistika=== <small><div style="font-size:95%"> *'''[[Setyembre 30]], [[2023]] - nag-abot 15000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagkakamukna kan '''[[World Cup Fountain]]''' *'''[[Hulyo 18]], [[2023]] - nag-abot 14000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagkakamukna kan '''[[Engracio Perfecto]]''' *'''[[Desyembre 12]], [[2022]] - nag-abot 13000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagkakamukna kan '''[[Tataramon na Pidyiyano]]''' *'''[[Abril 22]], [[2022]] - nag-abot 12000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagkakamukna kan '''[[Madre de kakaw]]''' *'''[[Marso 23]], [[2021]] - nag-abot 11000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagkakamukna kan '''[[Armi Millare]]''' *'''[[Marso 23]], [[2020]]''' - nag-abot 10000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagkakamukna kan '''[[1008]]''' kan sarong dai rehistradong paragamit. *'''[[Abril 1]], [[2019]]''' - nag-abot 9000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagkakamukna kan '''[[Eleanor Rathbone]]''' *'''[[Hulyo 23]], [[2018]]''' - nag-abot 8000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia sa pagkakamukna kan '''[[Tataramon na Burusu]]''' *'''[[Hulyo 7]], [[2014]]''' - nag-abot 6,000 an mga artikulo pakagiboha an '''[[Xu Caihou]]''' *'''[[Abril 21]], [[2011]]''' - nag-abot 5000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia. *'''[[Hulyo 8]], [[2009]]''' - nag-abot 4000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia pakagiboha an '''[[Tarano]]''' *'''[[Hulyo 6]], 2009''' - nag-abot 3000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia pakagiboha an '''[[Lentella]]''' *'''[[Hunyo 29]], 2009''' - nag-abot 2000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia pakagiboha an '''[[Hunyo 30]]''' *'''[[Setyembre 5]], [[2008]]''' - nag-abot 1000 an mga artikulo sa Bikol Wikipedia pakagiboha an '''[[Apolonio Sto. Tomas]]''' *'''[[Nobyembre 24]], [[2007]]''' - pigbungsod an '''Bikol Wikipedia''' </div></small> ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} s7rcix31ng9c13f8x3jszxk1l0md3kx 0 19992 305919 300575 2026-05-24T17:30:23Z ~2026-31069-64 31484 305919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = [[Cretaceous]] - Presente | image = Euphorbia heterophylla (Painted Euphorbia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9720.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Euphorbia heterophylla]]'' | taxon = Rosids | authority = | subdivision_ranks = [[Order (biology)|Orders]]{{r|APG4}} | subdivision = * [[Vitales]] * [[Eurosids]] *: [[Fabids]] *:: [[Zygophyllales]] *:: [[Celastrales]] *:: [[Oxalidales]] *:: [[Malpighiales]] *:: [[Fabales]] *:: [[Rosales]] *:: [[Cucurbitales]] *:: [[Fagales]] *: [[Malvids]] *:: [[Geraniales]] *:: [[Myrtales]] *:: [[Crossosomatales]] *:: [[Picramniales]] *:: [[Sapindales]] *:: [[Huerteales]] *:: [[Malvales]] *:: [[Brassicales]] }} An mga '''rosids''' miyembro kan dakulang [[clade]] ([[monophyly|monophyletic]] na grupo) kan mga tinanom na [[nagbuburak]], igwa nin maabot sa 70,000 [[species|espesye]], halos sangkapat kan gabos na [[Angiosperms]].{{r|scotland2003}} An clade nababanga sa 16 hanggang 20 [[Order (biology)|order]], depende sa [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumskripsiyon]] asin [[Biological classification|klasipikasyon]]. Ining mga order na ini, nagbubuo nin halos 140 [[Family (biology)|pamilya]].{{r|soltis2005}} An mga fosil kan rosids nabisto pa na nagpuon sa pahaon kan [[Cretaceous]]. An [[Molecular clock]] nag-eestima na an mga rosids gikan sa [[Aptian]] o [[Albian]] na estado kan Cretaceous, sa pagitan kan 125 asin 99.6 milyon taon na an nakaagi.{{r|davies2004}}{{r|magallon2009}} ==An ngaran== An ngaran gikan sa "[[Rosidae]]", na mabibisto bilang sarong subklase. Kan 1967, si [[Armen Takhtajan]] nagpahiling nin tamang basehan para sa ngaran na "Rosidae", sarong deskripsiyon kan [[Taxon|grupo]] kan mga tanom na naipublikar kan 1830 ni [[Friedrich Gottlieb Bartling]].{{r|reveal2008}} Dai naghaloy an clade pinangaran nin "Rosidae". Igwang tulong(3) [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|pakahulugan]] para sa mga rosids na ginamit. An ibang mga [[parasurat]] isinali an mga order na [[Saxifragales]] asin [[Vitales]] sa mga rosids.{{r|burleigh2009}} An iba hinali an parehong order.{{r|apweb}}Sa artikulong ini an ginamit na pakahulugan base sa [[APG IV]] na klasipikasyon, na nagsasali kan Vitales, pero hinali an Saxifragales. ==Mga relasyon == An mga rosids asin Saxifragales porma kan [[superrosids]] na clade.{{r|wang2009}}{{r|apweb}} Saro ini sa tolong grupo na nagbubuo kan [[Pentapetalae]] ([[core eudicots]] minus [[Gunnerales]]),{{r|cantino2007}} asin an iba [[Dilleniales]] asin [[superasterids]] ([[Berberidopsidales]], [[Caryophyllales]], [[Santalales]], and [[asterids]]).{{r|apweb}} ==Klasipikasyon == An rosids binubo kan duwang grupo: an order kan Vitales asin kan eurosids (totoong rosids). An eurosids, binanga sa duwang grupo: fabids (Fabidae, eurosids I) asin malvids (Malvidae, eurosids II).{{r|apweb}} ===Mga order === An rosids binubuo kan 17 order. Bilang dugang sa Vitales, igwa nin 8 order sa [[fabids]] asin 8 order sa [[malvids]]. An iba dai pa sana nahahaloy na naipabisto.{{r|apweb}} Ini iyo an Vitales,{{r|reveal1995}} Zygophyllales,{{r|chalk1983}} Crossosomatales,{{r|crossoinkub2007}} Picramniales,{{r|hutchinson1973}} asin Huerteales.{{r|worberg2009}} ==Phylogenyo== An [[phylogeny]] kan rosids na ipinapahiling sa ibaba, ginuno sa [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] website.{{r|apweb}} {{clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:100% |1=[[Vitales]] |label2=[[eurosids]]&nbsp; |2={{clade |label1=[[fabids]]&nbsp; |1={{clade |1=[[Zygophyllales]] |2={{clade |label1=COM&nbsp;clade&nbsp; |1={{clade |1=[[Celastrales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Malpighiales]] |2=[[Oxalidales]] }} }} |label2=nitrogen‑fixing&nbsp;clade&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Fabales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Rosales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Fagales]] |2=[[Cucurbitales]] }} }} }} }} }} |label2=[[malvids]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Geraniales]] |2=[[Myrtales]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Crossosomatales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Picramniales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Sapindales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Huerteales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Brassicales]] |2=[[Malvales]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} * [[Adenanthera]] ==Toltolan== {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="APG4">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 }}</ref> <ref name="burleigh2009">{{citation | first = J. Gordon | last = Burleigh | first2 = Khidir W. | last2 = Hilu | first3 = Douglas E. | last3 = Soltis | year = 2009 | title = Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 9 | others = File 7 | url = http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2148-9-61-S7.pdf | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-9-61 | pmc = 2674047 | pages = 61 | pmid = 19292928 | access-date = 2019-09-09 | archive-date = 2012-01-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120118005546/http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2148-9-61-S7.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> <ref name="cantino2007">{{citation |first=Philip D. |last=Cantino |first2=James A. |last2=Doyle |first3=Sean W. |last3=Graham |first4=Walter S. |last4=Judd |first5=Richard G. |last5=Olmstead |first6=Douglas E. |last6=Soltis |first7=Pamela S. |last7=Soltis |first8=Michael J. |last8=Donoghue | year = 2007 | title = Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of ''Tracheophyta'' | journal = Taxon | volume = 56 | issue = 3 | pages = 822–846 | url = http://www.phylodiversity.net/donoghue/publications/MJD_papers/2007/164_Cantino_Taxon07.pdf | doi = 10.2307/25065865 |jstor=25065865 }}</ref> <ref name="chalk1983">{{citation |last=Chalk |first=L. |year=1983 |chapter=Wood structure |pages=1-51 [1-2 by C. R. Melcalfe] |editor-last=Metcalfe |editor-first=C.R. |editor2-last=Chalk |editor2-first=L. |series=Anatomy of the Dicotyledons |edition=2nd |volume=II |title=Wood Structure and Conclusion of the General Introduction |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-854559-0}}</ref> <ref name="crossoinkub2007">{{citation |chapter = Introduction to Crossosomatales |editor-first=Klaus |editor-last=Kubitzki |title=Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdSL7jBNX9EC |date=2007 |publisher=Springer |volume=IX |isbn=978-3-540-32219-1 }}</ref> <ref name="davies2004">{{citation | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0308127100 |last=Davies |first=T.J. |last2=Barraclough |first2=T.G. |last3=Chase |first3=M.W. |last4=Soltis |first4=P.S. |last5=Soltis |first5=D.E. |last6=Savolainen |first6=V. | year = 2004 | title = Darwin's abominable mystery: Insights from a supertree of the angiosperms | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 101 | issue = 7 | pages = 1904–9 | pmid = 14766971 | pmc = 357025 | bibcode=2004PNAS..101.1904D}}</ref> <ref name="hutchinson1973">{{citation |first=John |last=Hutchinson |title=The Families of Flowering Plants |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=3rd |year=1979 |origyear=1973 |isbn=9783874291606 }}</ref> <ref name="magallon2009">{{citation |first=Susana |last=Magallón |first2=Amanda |last2=Castillo | year = 2009 | title = Angiosperm diversification through time | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 96 | issue = 1 | pages = 349–365 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.0800060 | pmid = 21628193 }}</ref> <ref name="reveal1995">{{citation |first=James L. |last=Reveal |year=1995 |title=Newly required suprageneric names in vascular plants |journal=Phytologia | volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=68–76 See p. 72 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/34206}}</ref> <ref name="reveal2008">{{citation | first = James L. | last = Reveal | date = 2008 | contribution = A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants | title = Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome | url = http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal | contribution-url = http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/fam/supgennames.html | access-date = 2019-09-09 | archive-date = 2016-01-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160120125053/http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> <ref name="scotland2003">{{citation |first=Robert W. |last=Scotland |first2=Alexandra H. |last2=Wortley | year = 2003 | title = How many species of seed plants are there? | journal = Taxon | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 101–4 | doi = 10.2307/3647306 | jstor = 3647306 }}</ref> <ref name="soltis2005">{{citation |first=Douglas E. |last=Soltis |first2=Pamela S. |last2=Soltis |author3=Peter K. Endress |author4=Mark W. Chase |authorlink4=Mark Wayne Chase | year = 2005 | title = Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms | publisher = Sinauer | location = Sunderland, MA, USA | isbn = 978-0-87893-817-9 }}</ref> <ref name="wang2009">{{citation |first=Hengchang |last=Wang |first2=Michael J. |last2=Moore |first3=Pamela S. |last3=Soltis |author3link=Pamela S. Soltis |first4=Charles D. |last4=Bell |first5=Samuel F. |last5=Brockington |first6=Roolse |last6=Alexandre |first7=Charles C. |last7=Davis |first8=Maribeth |last8=Latvis |first9=Steven R. |last9=Manchester |first10=Douglas E. |last10=Soltis |author10link=Douglas E. Soltis | title = Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 106 | issue = 10 | pages = 3853–8 | date = 10 March 2009| doi = 10.1073/pnas.0813376106 | pmid = 19223592 | pmc = 2644257 |bibcode = 2009PNAS..106.3853W }}</ref> <ref name="worberg2009">{{citation |first=Andreas |last=Worberg |first2=Mac H. |last2=Alford |first3=Dietmar |last3=Quandt |first4=Thomas |last4=Borsch | year = 2009 | title = Huerteales sister to Brassicales plus Malvales, and newly circumscribed to include Dipentodon, Gerrardina, Huertea, Perrottetia, and Tapiscia | journal = Taxon | volume = 58 | issue = 2 | pages = 468–478 |doi=10.1002/tax.582012}}</ref> <ref name="apweb">{{citation |first=Peter F. |last=Stevens | date = 2001| url = http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html | title = Angiosperm Phylogeny Website }}</ref> }} {{stub}} == Panluwas na mga sumpay == * {{Commons category-inline}} [[Kategorya:Rosids| ]] [[Kategorya:Eudicots]] cb2ddjpb0wrt20ll9bcymptuu2r9jd6 305921 305919 2026-05-24T17:39:08Z ~2026-31069-64 31484 305921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = [[Cretaceous]] - Presente | image = Euphorbia heterophylla (Painted Euphorbia) in Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9720.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Euphorbia heterophylla]]'' | taxon = Rosids | authority = | subdivision_ranks = [[Order (biology)|Orders]]{{r|APG4}} | subdivision = * [[Vitales]] * [[Eurosids]] *: [[Fabids]] *:: [[Zygophyllales]] *:: [[Celastrales]] *:: [[Oxalidales]] *:: [[Malpighiales]] *:: [[Fabales]] *:: [[Rosales]] *:: [[Cucurbitales]] *:: [[Fagales]] *: [[Malvids]] *:: [[Geraniales]] *:: [[Myrtales]] *:: [[Crossosomatales]] *:: [[Picramniales]] *:: [[Sapindales]] *:: [[Huerteales]] *:: [[Malvales]] *:: [[Brassicales]] }} An mga '''rosids''' miyembro kan dakulang [[clade]] ([[monophyly|monophyletic]] na grupo) kan mga tinanom na [[nagbuburak]], igwa nin maabot sa 70,000 [[species|espesye]], halos sangkapat kan gabos na [[Angiosperms]].{{r|scotland2003}} An clade nababanga sa 16 hanggang 20 [[Order (biology)|order]], depende sa [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumskripsiyon]] asin [[Biological classification|klasipikasyon]]. Ining mga order na ini, nagbubuo nin halos 140 [[Family (biology)|pamilya]].{{r|soltis2005}} An mga fosil kan rosids nabisto pa na nagpuon sa pahaon kan [[Cretaceous]]. An [[Molecular clock]] nag-eestima na an mga rosids gikan sa [[Aptian]] o [[Albian]] na estado kan Cretaceous, sa pagitan kan 125 asin 99.6 milyon taon na an nakaagi.{{r|davies2004}}{{r|magallon2009}} ==An ngaran== An ngaran gikan sa "[[Rosidae]]", na mabibisto bilang sarong subklase. Kan 1967, si [[Armen Takhtajan]] nagpahiling nin tamang basehan para sa ngaran na "Rosidae", sarong deskripsiyon kan [[Taxon|grupo]] kan mga tanom na naipublikar kan 1830 ni [[Friedrich Gottlieb Bartling]].{{r|reveal2008}} Dai naghaloy an clade pinangaran nin "Rosidae". Igwang tulong(3) [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|pakahulugan]] para sa mga rosids na ginamit. An ibang mga [[parasurat]] isinali an mga order na [[Saxifragales]] asin [[Vitales]] sa mga rosids.{{r|burleigh2009}} An iba hinali an parehong order.{{r|apweb}}Sa artikulong ini an ginamit na pakahulugan base sa [[APG IV]] na klasipikasyon, na nagsasali kan Vitales, pero hinali an Saxifragales. ==Mga relasyon == An mga rosids asin Saxifragales porma kan [[superrosids]] na clade.{{r|wang2009}}{{r|apweb}} Saro ini sa tolong grupo na nagbubuo kan [[Pentapetalae]] ([[core eudicots]] minus [[Gunnerales]]),{{r|cantino2007}} asin an iba [[Dilleniales]] asin [[superasterids]] ([[Berberidopsidales]], [[Caryophyllales]], [[Santalales]], and [[asterids]]).{{r|apweb}} ==Klasipikasyon == An rosids binubo kan duwang grupo: an order kan Vitales asin kan eurosids (totoong rosids). An eurosids, binanga sa duwang grupo: fabids (Fabidae, eurosids I) asin malvids (Malvidae, eurosids II).{{r|apweb}} ===Mga order === An rosids binubuo kan 17 order. Bilang dugang sa Vitales, igwa nin 8 order sa [[fabids]] asin 8 order sa [[malvids]]. An iba dai pa sana nahahaloy na naipabisto.{{r|apweb}} Ini iyo an Vitales,{{r|reveal1995}} Zygophyllales,{{r|chalk1983}} Crossosomatales,{{r|crossoinkub2007}} Picramniales,{{r|hutchinson1973}} asin Huerteales.{{r|worberg2009}} ==Phylogenyo== An [[phylogeny]] kan rosids na ipinapahiling sa ibaba, ginuno sa [[Angiosperm Phylogeny Group]] website.{{r|apweb}} {{clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:100% |1=[[Vitales]] |label2=[[eurosids]]&nbsp; |2={{clade |label1=[[fabids]]&nbsp; |1={{clade |1=[[Zygophyllales]] |2={{clade |label1=COM&nbsp;clade&nbsp; |1={{clade |1=[[Celastrales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Malpighiales]] |2=[[Oxalidales]] }} }} |label2=nitrogen‑fixing&nbsp;clade&nbsp; |2={{clade |1=[[Fabales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Rosales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Fagales]] |2=[[Cucurbitales]] }} }} }} }} }} |label2=[[malvids]] |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=[[Geraniales]] |2=[[Myrtales]] }} |2={{clade |1=[[Crossosomatales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Picramniales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Sapindales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Huerteales]] |2={{clade |1=[[Brassicales]] |2=[[Malvales]] }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} ==Toltolan== {{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="APG4">{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 }}</ref> <ref name="burleigh2009">{{citation | first = J. Gordon | last = Burleigh | first2 = Khidir W. | last2 = Hilu | first3 = Douglas E. | last3 = Soltis | year = 2009 | title = Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms | journal = BMC Evolutionary Biology | volume = 9 | others = File 7 | url = http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2148-9-61-S7.pdf | doi = 10.1186/1471-2148-9-61 | pmc = 2674047 | pages = 61 | pmid = 19292928 | access-date = 2019-09-09 | archive-date = 2012-01-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120118005546/http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1471-2148-9-61-S7.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> <ref name="cantino2007">{{citation |first=Philip D. |last=Cantino |first2=James A. |last2=Doyle |first3=Sean W. |last3=Graham |first4=Walter S. |last4=Judd |first5=Richard G. |last5=Olmstead |first6=Douglas E. |last6=Soltis |first7=Pamela S. |last7=Soltis |first8=Michael J. |last8=Donoghue | year = 2007 | title = Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of ''Tracheophyta'' | journal = Taxon | volume = 56 | issue = 3 | pages = 822–846 | url = http://www.phylodiversity.net/donoghue/publications/MJD_papers/2007/164_Cantino_Taxon07.pdf | doi = 10.2307/25065865 |jstor=25065865 }}</ref> <ref name="chalk1983">{{citation |last=Chalk |first=L. |year=1983 |chapter=Wood structure |pages=1-51 [1-2 by C. R. Melcalfe] |editor-last=Metcalfe |editor-first=C.R. |editor2-last=Chalk |editor2-first=L. |series=Anatomy of the Dicotyledons |edition=2nd |volume=II |title=Wood Structure and Conclusion of the General Introduction |publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn=978-0-19-854559-0}}</ref> <ref name="crossoinkub2007">{{citation |chapter = Introduction to Crossosomatales |editor-first=Klaus |editor-last=Kubitzki |title=Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales, Fabales p.p., Geraniales, Gunnerales, Myrtales p.p., Proteales, Saxifragales, Vitales, Zygophyllales, Clusiaceae Alliance, Passifloraceae Alliance, Dilleniaceae, Huaceae, Picramniaceae, Sabiaceae |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PdSL7jBNX9EC |date=2007 |publisher=Springer |volume=IX |isbn=978-3-540-32219-1 }}</ref> <ref name="davies2004">{{citation | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0308127100 |last=Davies |first=T.J. |last2=Barraclough |first2=T.G. |last3=Chase |first3=M.W. |last4=Soltis |first4=P.S. |last5=Soltis |first5=D.E. |last6=Savolainen |first6=V. | year = 2004 | title = Darwin's abominable mystery: Insights from a supertree of the angiosperms | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 101 | issue = 7 | pages = 1904–9 | pmid = 14766971 | pmc = 357025 | bibcode=2004PNAS..101.1904D}}</ref> <ref name="hutchinson1973">{{citation |first=John |last=Hutchinson |title=The Families of Flowering Plants |publisher=Oxford University Press |edition=3rd |year=1979 |origyear=1973 |isbn=9783874291606 }}</ref> <ref name="magallon2009">{{citation |first=Susana |last=Magallón |first2=Amanda |last2=Castillo | year = 2009 | title = Angiosperm diversification through time | journal = American Journal of Botany | volume = 96 | issue = 1 | pages = 349–365 | doi = 10.3732/ajb.0800060 | pmid = 21628193 }}</ref> <ref name="reveal1995">{{citation |first=James L. |last=Reveal |year=1995 |title=Newly required suprageneric names in vascular plants |journal=Phytologia | volume=79 |issue=2 |pages=68–76 See p. 72 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/34206}}</ref> <ref name="reveal2008">{{citation | first = James L. | last = Reveal | date = 2008 | contribution = A Checklist of Family and Suprafamilial Names for Extant Vascular Plants | title = Home page of James L. Reveal and C. Rose Broome | url = http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal | contribution-url = http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/fam/supgennames.html | access-date = 2019-09-09 | archive-date = 2016-01-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160120125053/http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/ | dead-url = yes }}</ref> <ref name="scotland2003">{{citation |first=Robert W. |last=Scotland |first2=Alexandra H. |last2=Wortley | year = 2003 | title = How many species of seed plants are there? | journal = Taxon | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 101–4 | doi = 10.2307/3647306 | jstor = 3647306 }}</ref> <ref name="soltis2005">{{citation |first=Douglas E. |last=Soltis |first2=Pamela S. |last2=Soltis |author3=Peter K. Endress |author4=Mark W. Chase |authorlink4=Mark Wayne Chase | year = 2005 | title = Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms | publisher = Sinauer | location = Sunderland, MA, USA | isbn = 978-0-87893-817-9 }}</ref> <ref name="wang2009">{{citation |first=Hengchang |last=Wang |first2=Michael J. |last2=Moore |first3=Pamela S. |last3=Soltis |author3link=Pamela S. Soltis |first4=Charles D. |last4=Bell |first5=Samuel F. |last5=Brockington |first6=Roolse |last6=Alexandre |first7=Charles C. |last7=Davis |first8=Maribeth |last8=Latvis |first9=Steven R. |last9=Manchester |first10=Douglas E. |last10=Soltis |author10link=Douglas E. Soltis | title = Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 106 | issue = 10 | pages = 3853–8 | date = 10 March 2009| doi = 10.1073/pnas.0813376106 | pmid = 19223592 | pmc = 2644257 |bibcode = 2009PNAS..106.3853W }}</ref> <ref name="worberg2009">{{citation |first=Andreas |last=Worberg |first2=Mac H. |last2=Alford |first3=Dietmar |last3=Quandt |first4=Thomas |last4=Borsch | year = 2009 | title = Huerteales sister to Brassicales plus Malvales, and newly circumscribed to include Dipentodon, Gerrardina, Huertea, Perrottetia, and Tapiscia | journal = Taxon | volume = 58 | issue = 2 | pages = 468–478 |doi=10.1002/tax.582012}}</ref> <ref name="apweb">{{citation |first=Peter F. |last=Stevens | date = 2001| url = http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/welcome.html | title = Angiosperm Phylogeny Website }}</ref> }} {{stub}} == Panluwas na mga sumpay == * {{Commons category-inline}} [[Kategorya:Rosids| ]] [[Kategorya:Eudicots]] njqktuyf1umbow703yi2a8ib8dncb9s 0 24566 305924 274930 2026-05-24T23:53:53Z ~2026-31144-91 31487 305924 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Miuccia Prada (cropped).jpg|right|thumb|210px|Si Miuccia Prada (2011)]] '''Si Miuccia Bianchi Prada''' ({{IPA-it|ˈmjuttʃa ˈpraːda, miˈu-}}; pinangaki na '''Maria Bianchi''' {{IPA-it|maˈriːa ˈbjaŋki|}} kan Mayo 10, 1949) sarong Italyanong bilyonaryong tagadesinyo asin negosyante. Siya ang pamayong tagadisenyo kan [[Prada]] asin nagmukna kan [[Miu Miu]].<ref name="Vogue">{{cite web|last=Craven|first=Jo|title=Miuccia Prada - Biography|url=http://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/biographies/miuccia-prada-biography|publisher=Vogue|access-date=1 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013183503/http://www.vogue.co.uk/spy/biographies/miuccia-prada-biography|archive-date=13 October 2011}}</ref> Kan Marso 2019, tinantya kan ''[[Forbes]]'' na nasa US$2.4 bilyon ang kita kaini.<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web|title=Forbes profile: Miuccia Prada|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/miuccia-prada/|website=Forbes|access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref>Kan Disyembre 2020, tinantya ni Bloomberg na ini nasa [[US$]]5.52 bilyon asin nasa ika-46 nin Bloomberg Billionaire Index.<ref name="Bloomberg">[https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/miuccia-prada-bianchi/ - Bloomberg.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> An pinakahuben na makuapo niya na si [[Mario Prada]] an namahala kan negosyo kan 1978. Puon kadto, nakua kan kompanya si [[Jil Sander]], [[Helmut Lang (fashion brand)|Helmut Lang]] asin an paragibong sapatos na Church & Co.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Journal|first=Deborah BallStaff Reporter of The Wall Street|date=1999-09-10|title=Prada to Buy U.K. Shoemaker Church In Latest Bid to Shift to Luxury Goods|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB936914547199124155|access-date=2020-07-29|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PRADA BUYS LANG OUT|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/prada-buys-lang-out|access-date=2020-07-29|website=British Vogue|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=News|first=Bloomberg|date=1999-08-31|title=Prada Will Buy Control of Jil Sander|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/31/business/prada-will-buy-control-of-jil-sander.html|access-date=2020-07-29|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kan 2002, nagbukas si Prada nin sadiri niyang galeriya nin kontemporaryong sining.<ref name="tele">{{cite news|first=Hilary|last=Alexander|url=http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/hilary-alexander/TMG8066336/Miuccia-Prada-to-present-the-Turner-Prize.html|title=Miuccia Prada to present the Turner Prize|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=15 October 2010|access-date=22 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723055645/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/hilary-alexander/TMG8066336/Miuccia-Prada-to-present-the-Turner-Prize.html|archive-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead|accessdate=12 March 2021|archivedate=23 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723055645/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/columns/hilary-alexander/TMG8066336/Miuccia-Prada-to-present-the-Turner-Prize.html}}</ref> Kan Marso 2013, pinangaranan siyang saro sa singkwentang magayon magbado na lampas 50 kan ''Forbes''.<ref>{{cite news|title=The 50 best dressed over-50s|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/gallery/2013/mar/29/50-best-dressed-over-50s|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|first1=Jess|last1=Cartner-Morley|first2=Helen|last2=Mirren|first3=Arianna|last3=Huffington|first4=Valerie|last4=Amos|date=28 March 2013}}</ref> An magasin kinaag siya sa ika-75 na makapangyarihang babayi sa buong kinaban kan 2014,<ref name="Forbes14">{{cite web|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|url=https://www.forbes.com/power-women/list/2/#tab:overall|work=Forbes|access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref>na igwa siyang tinatantyang kita na $11.1 na bilyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/fkem45edj/miuccia-prada/|title=Miuccia Prada - In Photos: Billionaires 2014: The World's Richest Women|work=Forbes|date=1 January 1970|access-date=18 November 2015}}</ref> == Kaamayan kan saiyang buhay asin edukasyon == Pinangaki si Maria Bianchi<ref name="DT">{{cite book|title=Deluxe|last=Thomas|first=Dana|publisher=Penguin Press|year=2007|location=New York|page=65}}</ref> kan Mayo 10, 1949 sa Milan, kinua niya an ngarang Miuccia Prada kan 1980 pakatapos na siya ampunon kang saiyang tiyaon.<ref name="DT" /> An saiyang bayolohikan na magurang iyo si Luigi Bianchi asin Luisa Prada. Igwa siyang duwang matuang tugang na si Albert asin Marina.<ref name="DT" /> Nagklase siya sa Liceo Classico Berchet kan hayskul sa Milan asin nakatapos nin igwang "laurea" (bachelor's degree) nin [[political science]] sa [[University of Milan]].<ref name="Vogue" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-11-12|title=Miuccia Prada on Communism and Why She's Against Beauty|url=https://www.thecut.com/2015/11/miuccia-prada-on-why-shes-against-beauty.html|access-date=2020-09-18|website=The Cut|language=en-us}}</ref> Si Miuccia Prada nag-iistar sa eksklusibong distrito na [[Quadronno (Milan)|Quadronno]] sa [[Milan]], isa sa mga pinaka-prestihiyosong residential na lugar sa syudad at kabilang sa mga may pinakamataas na presyo ng real estate kada metro kwadrado sa Milan. == Personal na buhay == Kinasal si Miuccia Prada ki [[Patrizio Bertelli]],sarong negosyante. Igwa sindang duwang ako na lalaki na pinangaki kan taong 1988 asin 1990 na an matua sarong drayber na si [[Lorenzo Bertelli]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gómez|first=Scarlet|title=Lorenzo Bertelli, el hijo piloto de Miuccia Prada que despunta en el imperio familiar|url=https://www.revistavanityfair.es/lujo/moda/articulos/hijo-miuccia-prada-lorenzo-bertelli/45763}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/119297|title=WRC Commission president slams Lorenzo Bertelli's Portugal claims|first=David|last=Evans|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-06-07|title=Prada's Scion Steps Off the Racetrack and Into the Executive Suite|language=en|work=Bloomberg.com|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-07/prada-s-next-generation-steps-in-as-son-joins-fashion-house|access-date=2020-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-06-15|title=Miuccia Prada|url=https://www.vogue.com.au/celebrity/designers/miuccia-prada/news-story/8c14a7af458d27554962b7920069d5fe|access-date=2020-07-30|website=Vogue Australia|language=en}}</ref> Siya kolektor nin kontemporaryong sining asin may sadiring mga gibo kan [[Young British Artists]].<ref name="NYm">{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/encounter/miuccia-prada-2012-5/|title=73 Minutes with Miuccia Prada|publisher=New York Magazine|date=May 28, 2012}}</ref> Katood niya si [[Cindy Sherman]] asin [[Francesco Vezzoli]].<ref name="NYm" /> == Mga toltolan == {{Reflist|2}} == Panluwas na takod == {{Wikiquote}}{{commons category|Miuccia Prada}} * {{Official website|http://www.prada.com/}} * {{fashiondesigner|id=miuccia-prada}} * [http://www.time.com/time/2004/style/020904/power/2.html Women in Fashion biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204122705/http://www.time.com/time/2004/style/020904/power/2.html |date=2011-02-04 }} from [[Time (magazine)|''Time magazine'']] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928181553/http://www.indobase.com/fashion/fashion-designers/mario-prada.html Miuccia Bianchi Prada] * [http://www.vogue.co.uk/person/miuccia-prada Miuccia Prada biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516213820/https://www.vogue.co.uk/person/miuccia-prada |date=2019-05-16 }} {{Young British Artists}} {{Authority control}} 7q4w3dvcze9qqk65jsem6y3scdxxpxn 0 36072 305910 291272 2026-05-24T12:58:05Z CarlessParking 29749 305910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Mutual affection between people}}{{Redirect|Friend||Friend (disambiguation)|and|Friends (disambiguation)|and|Friendship (disambiguation)}}{{Redirect-distinguish|Friendliness|Friendliness (album)}}{{pp|small=yes}} [[Ladawan:Best_friends_(1934),_by_Romualdo_Locatelli.jpg|thumb|''Best Friends'' by Romualdo Locatelli (1934)]] An '''pagkakatood''' ([[Ingles]]: ''friendship'') sarong relasyon nin kapadangatan sa lambang saro sa pag-oltanan nin mga tawo. Friendship. Saro ining mas makusog na porma nin bugkos nin interpersonal kisa sa sarong "acquainance" o "association," arog kan sarong kaklase, kapwa, katrabaho. Sa nagkapirang kultura, an ideya nin pakikikatood limitado sa kadikit na hararom na marhay na relasyon; sa iba pa, arog kan U.S. asin Canada, an saro puwedeng magkaigwa nin dakul na amigo, pati na gayod nin mas makusog na relasyon sa saro o duwang tawo, na puwedeng apudon na marahay na mga amigo o pinakadayupot na mga amigo. Kaiba sa iba pang termino sa colloquial an mga hayop o Pinakamahusay na Katood Sagkod Lamang (BFFFs). Best Friends Forever. Minsan ngani igwa nin dakol na klase nin pakikikatood, an nagkapira kaiyan tibaad nagkakalaenlaen sa lambang lugar, an nagkapirang karakteristiko yaon sa dakol na siring na bogkos. Kaiba sa mga kabtang na iyan an pagpili na makaibanan an lambang saro, pag - ogma sa panahon na magkaibanan, asin pagigin may positibo asin mapagsuportar na kabtang sa lambang saro.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Howes|first=Carollee|date=1983|title=Patterns of Friendship|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1129908|journal=Child Development|volume=54|issue=4|pages=1041–1053|doi=10.2307/1129908|issn=0009-3920}}</ref> Kun beses an mga katood namimidbid sa pamilya, arog kan sinasabi na "mga katood asin pamilya," asin kun beses sa mga mamomoton (e.g., "mga mamomoton asin katood"), minsan ngani an linya pano nin mga pakinabang sa mga katood. An lugar nin mga amiga sarong lugar kun sain may saro na limitado an limitasyon sa pagbangon pasiring sa pagigin mamumuton (hilingon man an kawaran nin pagkamuot). An pagkakatood pinag - adalan sa akademikong mga langtad, arog baga kan komunikasyon, sosyolohiya, sosyal na sikolohiya, antropolohiya, asin pilosopiya. komunikasyon. sociology. social psychology. anthropology. philosophy. Manlaenlaen na akademikong teoriya nin pagkakatood an isinuherir, kaiba an sosyal na pagrinibayan nin teoriya, equidad teoriya, mga dialektong may relasyon, asin mga estilo nin pakikiiba. syal na pagrinibayan nin teoriya. equality theory. realional dialectics. == Sikolohiya nin pag-uswag == === Pagkaaki === [[Ladawan:Childhood_friends_at_a_carnival.jpg|thumb|Hoben na mga katood sa pagkaaki]] An pakasabot sa pakikikatood sa mga aki may tendensiang magin mas konsentradong marhay sa mga lugar na arog baga kan ordinaryong mga aktibidad, pisikal na kaharanihan, asin konektadong mga linalaoman. An mga pagkakatood na ini nagtatao nin oportunidad sa pagkawat asin pagpraktis sa sadiri. 246 Kadaklan sa mga aki may tendensiang iladawan an pakikikatood kun dapit sa mga bagay na arog kan paghiras, asin an mga aki mas posibleng marhay na ihiras sa saro na ibinibilang nindang katood.: 246 Mantang nagdadakula an mga aki, sinda nagigin bakong gayong indibiduwal asin mas mapagrisa sa iba. Sarong tamboan ining artikulo patungkol sa mga tataramon na Austronesyo.<ref name="bremner">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U-YGCwAAQBAJ|title=An Introduction to Developmental Psychology|last=Bremner|first=J. Gavin|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4051-8652-0|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="oxford">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5m_D4NYVRI8C|title=The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, Vol. 2: Self and Other|last=Zelazo|first=Philip David|date=2013|publisher=OUP US|isbn=978-0-19-995847-4|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="oxford" /><ref name="Newman, B. M. 2012">Newman, B.M. & Newman, P.R. (2012). Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach. Stanford, CT.</ref> Nagkakaigwa sinda nin kakayahan na magkaigwa nin empatiya sa saindang mga katood, asin naoogmang magkawat nin grupo - grupo. Naeeksperyensiahan man ninda an paghabo nin mga kapantay mantang sinda naglalakaw sa amay na mga taon nin pagkaniaki. An pagkaigwa nin marahay na pagkakatood sa hoben na edad nakakatabang sa aki na magin mas marahay an pag - omaw sa sosyedad sa huri sa saindang buhay.<ref name="Newman, B. M. 2012" /> Basado sa mga report kan mga maestro asin ina, 75% kan mga aki sa preschool igwa nin kisuerra sarong katood. An pigurang ini nagtaas sa 78% sa paagi kan ikalimang grado, bilang sukol kan pag-iriba bilang mga katood, asin 55% igwang pinakadayupot na amigo.: 247, mga 15% nin mga aki an nanompongan na daing katood, na ibinabareta an mga peryodo na mayo nin mga katood na kisuerra anom na bulan. 250.fifth grado.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="oxford" />  Kaiba sa posibleng mga pakinabang nin pagkakatood an oportunidad na makanood manongod sa empatiya asin problema. An pakikipag - olay sa mga magurang puedeng magin kapakipakinabang sa pagtabang sa mga aki na magkaigwa nin mga katood. Ilinaladawan ni Eilen Kennedy-Moore an tolong pangenot na sangkap kan pagkamagkatood nin mga aki: (1) pagigin bukas, (2) pagkakaagid, asin (3) pag - aling - aling. ⁇ Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. Matatabangan man kan mga magurang an mga aki na masabotan an sosyal na mga giya na dai ninda nanodan nin solo.<ref>Elman, N.M. & Kennedy-Moore, E. (2003). The Unwritten Rules of Friendship: Simple Strategies to Help Your Child Make Friends. New York: Little, Brown.</ref> Ginagamit hale sa pagsiyasat ni Robert Selman asin iba pa, si Kennedy-Moore nagpahayag nin mga tangga nin pagtalubo sa pakikikatood nin mga aki, na nagpapaheling nin nag - oorog na kakayahan na masabotan an mga punto de vista nin iba: "Inda Idtong Sakong Dalan," "Ano Ta Sa Sako?," "Sa Paagi kan mga Pamamahala," "Caring and Shathering," asin "Mga Pagbabago Paagi sa Thing asin Tin."<ref>Selman, R.L. (1980). ''The Growth of Interpersonal Understanding: Developmental and Clinical Analyses''. Academic Press: New York.</ref> === Pagigin hoben === [[Ladawan:Bhutan,_Friends_-_Flickr_-_babasteve.jpg|thumb|Duwang magkatood sa Bhutan.]] Sa pagkahoben, an mga pagkakatood nagigin "orog na nagtatao, hiras, prangka, mapagsuportar, asin gikan sa boot." May tendensia an mga tin - edyer na hanapon an mga kaedad na puedeng magtao nin siring na mga kualidad sa sarong marahay na relasyon, asin likayan an mga kaedad na an bakong marahay na gawe - gawe nagsusuherir na tibaad dai ninda kayang panigoan an mga pangangaipong ini. An personal na mga karakteristiko asin ugale itinatampok man kan mga hoben, kun nagpipili kun siisay an makikipagkatood sa sainda. An mga relasyon nagpopoon na papagdanayon an pokus sa parehong mga prinsipyo sa buhay, kaimbodan, asin ordinaryong intereses, imbes na sa pisikal na mga interes na kaagid nin pagigin harani asin paggamit nin mga bagay na mas nagpapamidbid sa pagkaniaki.: 246 loyalty. <ref name="oxford"/>  An sarong pag - adal na ginibo sa Unibersidad nin Texas sa Australya siniyasat an labing 9,000 na hoben na Amerikano tanganing aramon kun paano an saindang pagkatratong pakasal sa problemang gawe - gawe (arog baga nin paghabon, pakikilaban, asin pagkaaburido) konektado sa saindang mga pakikikatood. University of Texas sa Australya Ipinarisa nin mga nadiskobre na an mga tin - edyer mas harayo an posibilidad na magkaigwa nin problema sa gawe - gawe kun marahay an ginigibo kan saindang mga katood sa eskuelahan, nakikikabtang sa mga aktibidad sa eskuelahan, linikayan an pag - inom, asin marahay an salud sa isip. Kabaliktaran an nanompongan mapadapit sa mga hoben na talagang may problema. Baga man an mga tin - edyer naimpluwensiahan kan saindang mga katood na gumibo nin problema an gawe - gawe depende sa kun gurano sinda nalantad sa mga katood na idto, asin kun baga sinda asin an saindang mga grupo nin pakikikatood "maygurang" sa eskuelahan.<ref>Crosnoe, R., & Needham, B. (2004) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15015689 Holism, contextual variability, and the study of friendships in adolescent development]. [[University of Texas at Austin]].</ref> An pag - adal kan mga parasiyasat hale sa Unibersidad nin Purdue nakadiskobre na an mga pakikikatood mas haloy pa kisa sa mga pakikikatood na nabilog sa kapinonan. <ref>Sparks, Glenn (August 7, 2007). [http://news.uns.purdue.edu/x/2007b/070807SparksFriendship.html Study shows what makes college buddies lifelong friends] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407142440/https://news.uns.purdue.edu/x/2007b/070807SparksFriendship.html|date=2019-04-07}}. [[Purdue University]].</ref> Sa paghinanapos nin pagkahoben an mga pagkakatood may tendensiang magin bihira, posibleng huli sa prehuwisyo asin pagkakalaen sa kultura.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal}}</ref> === Pagkaadulto === [[Ladawan:3_barefoot_females_smiling_and_sitting_on_a_bench.jpg|thumb|Pakikikatood sa Pagkaadulto]] [[Ladawan:Jonathan_Lovingly_Taketh_His_Leave_of_David_by_Julius_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld.jpg|thumb|Freundschaft zwischen Jonathan und David ni Julius Schur von Karolsfeld (1860), na nagtatradusir sa Ingles bilang Katood ni Jonathan asin David. Freundschaft zwischen Jonathan und David. Julius Schnor von Karolsfeld. Friendship sa pag - oltanan ni Jonathan asin David.]] [[Ladawan:Tudor_and_Delia_Summer_2015_coloured.JPG|thumb|Duwang katood bago magbilog nin retrato.]] An pakikikatood sa pagkaadulto nagtatao nin pakiibaiba, kapadangatan, saka emosyonal na suporta, asin positibong nakakokontribwir sa mental na karahayan asin mas marahay na pisikal na salud.  An mga nasa edad na tibaad partikularmenteng madepisilan na papagdanayon an makahulogan na pakikikatood sa pinagtatrabawohan. " An pinagtatrabawohan puedeng makapukaw nin kompetisyon, kaya an mga tawo nakakanood na itago an mga iriwal asin koro nin mga katrabaho. Parateng nagkakaigwa nin mga pakikikatood sa trabaho; Masakit sabihon kun saen matatapos an networking asin nagpoon an tunay na pagkaaramigo."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=Alex|title=Friends of a Certain Age: Why Is It Hard To Make Friends Over 30?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/fashion/the-challenge-of-making-friends-as-an-adult.html?pagewanted=all}}</ref> An kadaklan na nasa edad na mas pinahahalagahan an pinansial na seguridad sa saindang trabaho kisa pakikikatood sa mga katrabaho. An mayoriya kan mga nasa edad na igwa nin promedyong duwang dayupot na katood.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/8876376/Most-adults-have-only-two-close-friends.html|title=Most adults have 'only two close friends'|date=November 8, 2011|last=Willis|first=Amy|work=The Telegraph|location=London}}</ref> An dakol na pag - adal sa mga nasa edad na nagsusuherir na an pakikikatood asin iba pang mapagsuportar na relasyon talagang nagpapaoswag sa sadiri.<ref name="www2.psych.purdue.edu">Berndt, T.J. (2002). [http://www2.psych.purdue.edu/~berndt/Friendship%20quality%20and%20social%20development.pdf Friendship Quality and Social Development]. American Psychological Society. [[Purdue University]].</ref> === Mas may edad nang mga adulto === An mas may edad nang mga adulto padagos na nagsasabi nin halangkaw na grado nin personal na satispaksion sa saindang pakikikatood mantang sinda nagkakaedad, kun paanong an kabilogan na bilang nin mga katood nagluluya. An satispaksion na ini konektado sa nadugangan na abilidad na mahaman an mga aktibidad sa pan - aroaldaw na buhay, siring man sa kadikit na pagluya nin kakayahan sa pagkoordinar, pag - ina sa mga kaso nin pag - ospital, asin mas marahay na mga resulta na konektado sa pagrehabilitar.: 427 An bilang nin ibinaretang mga katood sa huring kabtang nin buhay tibaad huli sa nag - oorog na kagayonan, mas marahay na pagtaram asin pagheling, asin pagigin may agom: 53 An pagruro kan bilang nin mga katood nin sarong indibiduwal mantang sinda naggugurang ipinaliwanag kan Socioemotional Selecty ni Carstensen, na naglaladawan nin pagbabago sa motibasyon na naeeksperyensiahan kan mga nasa edad na kun sinda nag-aaraki. Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini.<ref name="enc">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgS29D0Mr4gC|title=The Encyclopedia of Aging: Fourth Edition, 2-Volume Set|last=Schulz|first=Richard|date=2006|publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer Publishing Company]]|isbn=978-0-8261-4844-5|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGs5DQAAQBAJ|title=Adult Friendship|last=Blieszner|first=Rosemary|last2=Adams|first2=Rebecca G.|date=1992|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-0-8039-3673-7|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref> Sinasabi kan teoriya na an pag - oswag sa edad namimidbid sa pagbalyo nin impormasyon pasiring sa emosyonal na pagbabago; Tanganing mapagdanay an positibong mga emosyon, linilimitaran kan gurang nang mga adulto an saindang sosyal na mga grupo sa mga kapareho ninda sa emosyonal na bogkos. Siring kan sinabi nin sarong repaso:<blockquote>An pagsiyasat sa laog kan nakaaging apat na dekada daing liwat - liwat na nakadiskobre ngonyan na an gurang nang mga nasa edad na kan pinakahalangkaw na grado nin kaogmahan asin pankagabsan marahay man an report na makosog, dayupot na relasyon sa dakol na katood.<ref name="brain">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwxrMe5Fo6QC|title=Brain Health and Optimal Engagement for Older Adults|last=Nussbaum|first=Jon F.|last2=Federowicz|first2=Molly|last3=Nussbaum|first3=Paul D.|publisher=Editorial Aresta S.C.|year=2010|isbn=978-84-937440-0-7|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref></blockquote>Mantang naiinaan an mga paninimbagan sa pamilya asin pan - akit, an pagkakatood nagigin mas mahalaga. Sa tahaw kan mga may edad na, an pagkakatood puedeng magtao nin koneksion sa mas dakulang komunidad, magserbing nagpoprotehir na bagay tumang sa depresyon asin kapungawan, asin hipnoan an potensial na mga kapierdihan sa sosyal na pagsuportar na itinao kaidto kan mga miembro nin pamilya.: 32-33 nangorogna para sa mga tawo na dai puedeng lumuwas nin parate, an interaksion sa mga katood nagtotogot para sa padagos na pag - interbenir sa sosyedad.<ref name="yearbook">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8mMAgAAQBAJ|title=Communication Yearbook 19|last=Burleson|first=Brant R.|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2012|isbn=978-0-415-87317-8|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref> Dugang pa, an gurang nang mga nasa edad na sa nagluluyang salud na nagdadanay na harani sa mga katood nagpapaheling nin mas marahay na sikolohiya.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Exploring-Lifespan-Development-3E/9780205957385.page|title=Pearson – Exploring Lifespan Development, 3/E|last=Laura E. Berk|year=2014|isbn=978-0-205-95738-5|page=696}}</ref> == Mga hapot sa pag-uswag == === Atention deficit hyperaktibidad === An mga aki na may pag - atentong diperensia sa trabaho (ADHD) tibaad nadedepisilan na magkaigwa asin magpadanay nin mga pakikikatood, huli sa limitadong abilidad na makapatalubo nin sosyal na mga abilidad paagi sa pag - adal sa obserbasyon, mga kadepisilan na nag - aasikaso sa sosyal na mga problema, asin huli sa sosyal na mga epekto nin nakakaraot na gawe - gawe asin mas makosog na tendensia na gumibo nin gawe - gawe na tibaad ibinibilang na nakararaot kan saindang mga kaedad. <ref name="hoza" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wiener|first=Judith|title=A multisource exploration of the friendship patterns of children with and without learning disabilities|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11369370|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref> Sa sarong pagrepaso kan 2007, mayong binibistong pagbulong na epektibong nakikipag-ulay sa mga kaakian sa ADHD, asin an mga pagbulong na mapanungod sa ibang aspekto kan diringkilan dai nakuang mahali an mga isyung konektado sa trabaho nin mga kapantay.<ref name="hoza">{{Cite journal|last=Hoza|first=Betsy|title=Peer Functioning in Children With ADHD}}</ref> === Autismo === An nagkapirang sintomas nin mga helang sa auto puedeng makaolang sa pagkaigwa nin relasyon sa lambang saro, arog baga kan gusto nin rutinang mga gibo, pagsayuma na magbago, mabangkag sa partikular na mga pinagkakainteresan o ritual, asin kadaihan nin abilidad sa sosyedad. autism spectrum. An autistikong mga aki nanompongan na mas posibleng magin dayupot na katood nin sarong tawo, imbes na magkaigwa nin mga grupo nin katood. Dugang pa, mas posibleng marhay na sinda magin dayupot na katood nin ibang mga aki na may pagkabaldado.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bauminger|last7=Rogers|doi=10.1007/s10802-007-9156-x|pages=135–50|issue=2|volume=36|date=3 January 2008|journal=Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology|title=Children with Autism and Their Friends: A Multidimensional Study of Friendship in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder|first7=Sally J.|first6=John|first1=Nirit|last6=Brown|first5=Lilach|last5=Gazit|first4=Kelly|last4=Heung|first3=Anat|last3=Aviezer|first2=Marjorie|last2=Solomon|pmid=18172754}}</ref> An pakamate nin dayupot na relasyon nin magurang nakatatabang sa kualidad nin pakikikatood sa mga aki na may mga problema sa auto; An pakamate nin pagkadayupot sa mga magurang nakakahipno sa kadaihan nin abilidad sa sosyedad na sa parate makararaot sa mga pakikikatood.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bauminger|first1=Nirit|last2=Solomon|first2=Marjorie|last3=Rogers|first3=Sally J.|title=Predicting Friendship Quality in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Typical Development|journal=Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders|date=29 December 2009|volume=40|issue=6|pages=751–61|doi=10.1007/s10803-009-0928-8|pmid=20039110}}</ref> Ipinaheling nin sarong pag - adal na ginibo ni Frankel et al. na an pag - interbenir asin pagtotokdo nin magurang may mahalagang kabtang sa siring na mga aki na nagpapatalubo nin pakikikatood.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Frankel|first=Fred|title=A Randomized Controlled Study of Parent-assisted Children's Friendship Training with Children having Autism Spectrum Disorders|date=8 January 2010}}</ref> Kaiba kan pag - interbenir nin mga magurang, an mga propesyonal sa eskuelahan igwa nin mahalagang kabtang sa pagtotokdo nin mga abilidad sa sosyedad asin interaksion nin mga kaedad. An mga parapropressional, espisipikong saro-sarong pantabang asin tabang kan klase, parati pigbubugtak sa mga aki na may mga spectrum na diringkilan tangani na magin pasil an pagkakatood asin giyahan an aki sa paggibo asin pagpadanay nin awad - awad na pagkakatood.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rossetti|first=Zachary|title=Paraeducators' Roles in Facilitating Friendships Between Secondary Students With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders or Developmental Disabilities|date=July–August 2010}}</ref> Minsan ngani an mga leksion asin pagsasanay puedeng makatabang sa mga kaedad nin mga aki na may autismo, an pagdaogdaog mahalaga pa man giraray sa sosyal na mga situwasyon. Segun ki Anahad O'Konorno kan The New York Times, an pagdaogdaog posibleng marhay na mangyari tumang sa mga aki na may mga spectrum na helang na may pinakadakulang potensial na mamuhay nin independiente. An siring na mga aki mas namemeligro huli ta igwa sinda nin dakol na ritual asin kadaihan nin abilidad sa sosyedad bilang mga aki na mas risang marhay an pag - aati, alagad mas posibleng marhay na mas maoswag sinda sa eskuelahan. Mas dipisil para sa mga aki na mag - atender sa social cues, kaya tibaad dai pirming mabisto kun sinda takuton.<ref>{{Cite news|last=O'Connor|first=Anahad|title=School Bullies Prey on Children With Autism|url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/03/school-bullies-prey-on-children-with-autism/}}</ref> === Down syndrome === An mga aki na may Down syndrome orog na nadepisilan na makikatood. Down syndrome Nakakaeksperyensia sinda nin pagkaatraso sa lenguahe na nagpangyari sa sainda na magkaigwa nin mas masakit na panahon sa pagkawat sa ibang mga aki. An kadaklan na aki na may Down syndrome tibaad mas gustong magdalan sa ibang estudyante asin magkawat sa kataed nin sarong katood alagad bakong kaiba ninda, sa kadaklan huli ta mas nasasabotan ninda an labi sa kaya nindang ipahayag sa luwas. alongside.Sa mga taon bago mag - eskuela, an mga aki na may Down syndrome puedeng makinabang sa kamugtakan kan klase, na napapalibotan nin ibang aki asin dikit an pagsarig sa nasa edad nang tabang. An mga aki na igwa kan diperensiang ini nakikinabang sa laen - laen na interaksion kapwa sa mga adulto asin aki. Sa eskuelahan, an pagkaigwa nin komplikadong mga kamugtakan sa kuarto kan klase puedeng magin depisil, alagad an pagigin harani sa dayupot na mga katood puedeng magin importante para sa sosyal na pag - oswag.<ref>"Recreation & Friendship." Recreation & Friendship – National Down Syndrome Society. n.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016.</ref><ref> "Social Development for Individuals with Down Syndrome – An Overview." Information about Down Syndrome. Down Syndrome Education International, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016.</ref> == Salud == Nanompongan nin mga pagsiyasat na an makosog na sosyal na mga pagsuportar nagpapaoswag sa mga oportunidad nin saro para sa marahay na salud asin halawig na buhay. Sa kabaliktaran, an kapungawan asin kadaihan nin sosyal na suporta konektado sa nag - oorog na peligro nin helang sa puso, mga impeksion sa virus, asin kanser, saka an mas halangkaw na bilang nin nagagadan sa kabilogan. art disease. Duwang parasiyasat an nag - apod pa ngani nin mga network nin pakikikatood na sarong "behavioral vaccine" na nagpapakosog kapwa sa pisikal asin mental na salud. vaccine.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780387368986|title=Low-Cost Approaches to Promote Physical and Mental Health: Theory, Research, and Practice|last=|first=|date=2007|publisher=Springer-Verlag|isbn=978-0-387-36898-6|editor-last=L'Abate|editor-first=Luciano|location=New York|pages=455–472|language=en}}</ref> Kadakol kan pagsiyasat na ikinokonektar an pagkakatood asin salud, alagad an eksaktong mga dahelan kan koneksion kaiyan nagdadanay na bakong malinaw. An kadaklan sa mga pag - adal sa lugar na ini iyo an darakulang posibilidad nin mga pag - adal na makakasunod sa mga tawo sa pag - agi nin panahon, asin mantang tibaad may pagkabanggaan sa pag - oltanan kan duwang pagkakalaen (pagkaamigo asin kamugtakan nin salud), dai pa man giraray aram kan mga parasiyasat kun igwa nin dahelan asin epekto an relasyon, arog baga kan ideya na an marahay na pagkakatood talagang nagrarahay sa salud. Dakol na teoriya an nagprobar na ipaliwanag an koneksion na ini. Kaiba sa mga teoriyang ini na an marahay na mga katood dinadagka an saindang mga katood na magkaigwa nin mas marahay na pamumuhay; An marahay na mga katood na iyan nagdadagka sa saindang mga katood na humagad nin tabang asin paglaog sa mga serbisyo kun kaipuhan; na pinapaoswag kan marahay na mga katood an kakayahan kan saindang mga katood sa pag - atubang sa helang asin iba pang problema sa salud; asin na an marahay na mga katood aktuwal na nakakaapektar sa pisyolohikong mga dalan na nagpoprotehir sa salud.<ref>Social networks and health: It's time for an intervention trial. 2005. Jorm, Anthony F. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Vol 59(7) Jul 2005, 537–38.</ref> === Marahay na salud === An kawaran nin pagkakatood nanompongan na may kabtang sa nag - oorog na peligro nin dikit na ideya sa tahaw nin mga tin - edyer na babae, kaiba an pagkaigwa nin mas dakol na katood na bako man mismong magkatood. Minsan siring, mayo nin kaagid na epekto na naobserbaran para sa mga lalaki.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Suicide and Friendships Among American Adolescents}}</ref> An pagkaigwa nin dikit o mayo nin katood sarong mayor na senyal sa diagnosis nin laen - laen na helang sa isip.<ref name="reisman">{{Cite journal|title=Friendship and its Implications for Mental Health or Social Competence}}</ref> An mas halangkaw na kuwalidad nin pagkakatood direktang nakakokontribwir sa sadiri, kompiansa sa sadiri, asin sosyal na pagtalubo.<ref name="www2.psych.purdue.edu"/> Naaraman nin sarong pag - adal sa Bibliya na mas maugma an mga tawo na may haraning mga amigo, dawa ngani dai nagin mas maugma an eksaktong bilang nin mga amigo. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23097143|work=BBC News|title=Can we make ourselves happier?|date=1 July 2013}}</ref> An iba pang pag - adal nagsuherir na an mga aki na may halangkaw na kualidad puedeng protehiran tumang sa pagtalubo nin nagkapirang diperensia, arog baga kan kahaditan asin depresyon. Sa kabaliktaran, an pagkaigwa nin nagkapirang katood konektado sa paghale sa eskuelahan, siring man sa karingisan, asin krimen nin mga adulto.: An 500 Peer na pagsikwal kaayon man sa mas hababang pag-alaman sa trabaho, asin partisipasyon sa mga sosyal na aktibidad, mantang an mas halangkaw na lebel nin pakiki-amigo kaayon sa mas halangkaw na sa edad na eternal na sadiri.: Kinua 500-01-01. ⁇ Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini.<ref name="bremner"/><ref name="bremner" />  == Pagsuway == An pagkaraot nin pagkakatood puedeng mansayon bilang personal na pagsikwal, o tibaad resulta nin natural na mga pagbabago sa paglihis nin panahon, mantang an mga katood nagigin mas harayo kapwa sa pisikal asin emosyonal. An pagkaraot nin pagkakatood konektado sa orog pang pakamate nin kasalan, kaanggotan asin depresyon, asin tibaad nagtatao nin tension na marhay na mga pangyayari, nangorogna kan aki pa. per. Minsan siring, puedeng mainaan an posibleng negatibong mga epekto kun an pagkaraot nin pagkakatood salidahan nin saro pang dayupot na relasyon. <ref name="oxford"/>  == Mga demograpo == An mga magkatood may tendensiang magin mas kaagid kan lambang saro kun dapit sa edad, sekso, gawe - gawe, pag - abuso sa droga, personal na disposisyon, asin akademikong pasale: 248 : 426 : 55-56 Sa mga nasyon na etniko laen-laen, may mahiwas na ebidensya na an mga kaakian asin mga barobata may tendensyang magporma nin pakikikatood sa iba pa man na rasa o etniko, magpoon sa preschool, asin pinakahalangkaw sa katangaan o huring parte kan pagkaaki.Sarong klase nin pagmaltrato. <ref name="oxford" /><ref name="enc"/><ref name="brain"/><ref name="oxford"/>  === Mga pagkakalaen sa Gender === Sa pankagabsan, an relasyon nin mga babae sa mga aki may tendensiang magkonsentrar sa mga koneksion sa lambang saro asin sa pagsuportar kan lambang saro. Sa kabaliktaran, an interaksion na lalaki-male mas nakapokus sa kamugtakan sa sosyedad. Bilang resulta, tibaad aktibo nindang dinedesganar an kapahayagan nin emosyonal na mga pangangaipo.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7yLl11fWXr8C|title=Developmental Psychology: A Student's Handbook|last=Harris|first=Margaret|date=2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-84169-192-3|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>  An mgatiko nagbabareta nin mas dakol na kahaditan, pag - imon, asin pagkabiktima na konektadong marhay sa saindang mga pakikikatood. Sa ibong na lado, an mga lalaki nagbabareta nin mas halangkaw na grado nin pisikal na pagkabiktima. Minsan siring, an mga lalaki asin babae may tendensiang magreport nin limitadong satispaksion sa saindang pakikikatood.<ref name="oxford"/>  An mga babae may tendensiang magin mas sayod asin dayupot sa saindang parehong mga amigo asin mas dikit an mga amigo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Culture and Gender Differences in the Perception of Friendship by Adolescents|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/002075996401089}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFVerkuyten1996">Verkuyten, Maykel (1996-10-01). [[doi:10.1080/002075996401089|"Culture and Gender Differences in the Perception of Friendship by Adolescents"]]. ''International Journal of Psychology''. '''31''' (5): 207–217. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/002075996401089|10.1080/002075996401089]]. [[ISSN (idenifier) |ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0020-7594 0020-7594].</cite></ref> An mga lalaki mas posibleng magtao nin kahulogan sa kadayupotan kun dapit sa magkaparehong pisikal na mga eksperyensia. Sa kabaliktaran, an mga babae mas posibleng tawan nin kahulogan iyan sa pararehong emosyonal na mga babae. An mga lalaki mas dikit an posibilidad na gumibo nin emosyonal o personal na mga kapahayagan sa ibang lalaki huli ta puede nindang gamiton an impormasyon na ini tumang sa sainda. Minsan siring, ihahayag ninda an impormasyon na ini sa mga babae (na bako man sindang kakompetensia ninda), asin may tendensia an mga lalaki na ibilang an pakikikatood sa mga babae na mas makahulogan, dayupot, asin nakaoogma. An mga mag-aramigo sa pangkagabsan mas arog sa mga pag'iriba, mantang an mga relasyon na babae-babae mas marhay an relasyon igdi. Bilang resulta, ini nangangahulogan man na an katapusan kan mga pagkakatood na lalaki-male may tendensiang magin bakong gayong nakakaaburido sa emosyon kisa kan sa mga pakikikatood na babae.<ref>Campbell, Anne. A mind of her own: The evolutionary psychology of women. OUP Oxford, 2013, pp.108-110</ref><ref>David-Barrett, Tamas, Anna Rotkirch, James Carney, Isabel Behncke Izquierdo, Jaimie A. Krems, Dylan Townley, Elinor McDaniell, Anna Byrne-Smith, and Robin IM Dunbar. "Women favour dyadic relationships, but men prefer clubs: cross-cultural evidence from social networking." PLOS ONE 10, no. 3 (2015): e0118329.</ref> An mga babae may tendensiang magin mas eksperto sa sosyedad kisa mga kaedad nindang lalaki sa tahaw nin gurang nang mga adulto. Bilang resulta, an dakol na gurang na lalaki tibaad magsarig sa sarong babaeng kaibaiba, arog baga nin agom, na magbayad para sa saindang medyo kakulangan nin abilidad sa sosyedad.: Naaraman nin sarong pagsiyasat na an mga babayi sa Europa asin Amerika del Norte mas posibleng marhay kisa sa mga lalaki na magbareta na igwa sinda nin pinakadayupot na amigo. Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini.<ref name="brain"/> === Kultura === Arin na relasyon an ibinibilang na tunay na pagkakatood, imbes na sarong kamidbid o komedyante, laen - laen an kultura. Sa mga kulturang Ingles-taramon, bako pang pambihira na iiba kan mga tawo an mas maluyang relasyon bilang mga katood. Sa ibang kultura, arog kan kulturang Ruso asin Polish, an pinakamahalaga sanang relasyon ibinibilang na magkatood. Ang Ruso pwedeng magkaigwa nin saro o duwang amigo pati kadakol na mga "pal" o mga kabisto; Puedeng ibilang nin sarong taga Canada na katood an gabos na relasyon na ini.<ref name=":1" /> Sa mga kultura sa Solnopan, an pagkakatood parateng ibinibilang na mas bakong gayong mahalaga o romantikong mga kultura. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tillmann-Healy|first=Lisa M.|date=2003-10-01|title=Friendship as Method|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800403254894|journal=Qualitative Inquiry|language=en|volume=9|issue=5|pages=729–749|doi=10.1177/1077800403254894|issn=1077-8004}}</ref> Kan tinotokar an mga taktika nin pagkakatood na nadiskobre na an mga hinapot na Intsik nakanompong nin labi pa sa mga kapareho ninda sa Britania. == Mga interes == [[Ladawan:CUTE_FRIENDSHIP.JPG|thumb|An sarong lalaki na may lalagan nin mga palmang Indian na kquirel, (Funambulus palbarum). Indian an palmang kquirel. Funambulus palmarum]] An pakikikatood manonompongan sa mga hayop na mas halangkaw an intelihensia, arog baga nin mas halangkaw na mga mammal asin nagkapirang gamgam. mammals. birds. Lakop an mga pag - aramigo sa pag - oltanan nin mga tawo asin magarong mga hayop. Puede man na mangyari an mga pagkakatood sa pag - oltanan nin duwang hayop na bakong tawo, arog baga nin mga ayam asin ikos. == Mga nota == {{Notelist}} == Reperensya == {{Reflist}} == Iba pang babasahon == * {{Cite book|title=The Friend|last=Bray, Alan|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-226-07181-7|location=Chicago|author-link=Alan Bray}} * {{Cite book|title=Laelius de Amicitia|title-link=Laelius de Amicitia|last=Cicero|first=Marcus Tullius}} * {{Cite book|title=Essays: First Series|last=Emerson|first=Ralph Waldo|year=1841|chapter=Friendship|access-date=18 August 2013|chapter-url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Essays:_First_Series/Friendship}} * Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods, "Sur na Pag - oswag kan Katood: An natural na pagpili para sa mga ugaleng hipersocial nagpangyari sa mga klase nin apyan sa Daga na magin pinakamarahay na Neandertal asin iba pang mga kampyon," Scientific American, vol. 323, dai. 2 (Agosto 2020), pp. 58-63. Brian Hare. Vanessa Woods. Scientific American. * {{Cite book|title=The Ways of Friendship|last=Lepp, Ignace|publisher=The Macmillan Company|year=1966|location=New York|author-link=Ignace Lepp}} * {{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said, Edward|publisher=Vintage Books|year=1979|isbn=978-0-394-74067-6|location=US|author-link=Edward Said}} * {{Cite book|title=A Talent for Friendship: Rediscovery of a Remarkable Trait|last=Terrell|first=John Edward|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0199386451}} == Mga panluwas na mga takod == * {{Commons category-inline|Friends}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p003hyd3 BBC Radio 4 na serye "Sa Satong Panahon," sa Pagkakatood, 2 Marso 2006. Friendship] * Pakikiamigo sa Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Friendship. Stanford Encyclopedia of Pilosopiya {{Saringsing}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qjr6flbx2u1y8b0kiy3kweuem8hzeq3 305911 305910 2026-05-24T12:59:13Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Mutual affection between people}} [[Ladawan:Best_friends_(1934),_by_Romualdo_Locatelli.jpg|thumb|''Best Friends'' by Romualdo Locatelli (1934)]] An '''pagkakatood''' ([[Ingles]]: ''friendship'') sarong relasyon nin kapadangatan sa lambang saro sa pag-oltanan nin mga tawo. Friendship. Saro ining mas makusog na porma nin bugkos nin interpersonal kisa sa sarong "acquainance" o "association," arog kan sarong kaklase, kapwa, katrabaho. Sa nagkapirang kultura, an ideya nin pakikikatood limitado sa kadikit na hararom na marhay na relasyon; sa iba pa, arog kan U.S. asin Canada, an saro puwedeng magkaigwa nin dakul na amigo, pati na gayod nin mas makusog na relasyon sa saro o duwang tawo, na puwedeng apudon na marahay na mga amigo o pinakadayupot na mga amigo. Kaiba sa iba pang termino sa colloquial an mga hayop o Pinakamahusay na Katood Sagkod Lamang (BFFFs). Best Friends Forever. Minsan ngani igwa nin dakol na klase nin pakikikatood, an nagkapira kaiyan tibaad nagkakalaenlaen sa lambang lugar, an nagkapirang karakteristiko yaon sa dakol na siring na bogkos. Kaiba sa mga kabtang na iyan an pagpili na makaibanan an lambang saro, pag - ogma sa panahon na magkaibanan, asin pagigin may positibo asin mapagsuportar na kabtang sa lambang saro.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Howes|first=Carollee|date=1983|title=Patterns of Friendship|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1129908|journal=Child Development|volume=54|issue=4|pages=1041–1053|doi=10.2307/1129908|issn=0009-3920}}</ref> Kun beses an mga katood namimidbid sa pamilya, arog kan sinasabi na "mga katood asin pamilya," asin kun beses sa mga mamomoton (e.g., "mga mamomoton asin katood"), minsan ngani an linya pano nin mga pakinabang sa mga katood. An lugar nin mga amiga sarong lugar kun sain may saro na limitado an limitasyon sa pagbangon pasiring sa pagigin mamumuton (hilingon man an kawaran nin pagkamuot). An pagkakatood pinag - adalan sa akademikong mga langtad, arog baga kan komunikasyon, sosyolohiya, sosyal na sikolohiya, antropolohiya, asin pilosopiya. komunikasyon. sociology. social psychology. anthropology. philosophy. Manlaenlaen na akademikong teoriya nin pagkakatood an isinuherir, kaiba an sosyal na pagrinibayan nin teoriya, equidad teoriya, mga dialektong may relasyon, asin mga estilo nin pakikiiba. syal na pagrinibayan nin teoriya. equality theory. realional dialectics. == Sikolohiya nin pag-uswag == === Pagkaaki === [[Ladawan:Childhood_friends_at_a_carnival.jpg|thumb|Hoben na mga katood sa pagkaaki]] An pakasabot sa pakikikatood sa mga aki may tendensiang magin mas konsentradong marhay sa mga lugar na arog baga kan ordinaryong mga aktibidad, pisikal na kaharanihan, asin konektadong mga linalaoman. An mga pagkakatood na ini nagtatao nin oportunidad sa pagkawat asin pagpraktis sa sadiri. 246 Kadaklan sa mga aki may tendensiang iladawan an pakikikatood kun dapit sa mga bagay na arog kan paghiras, asin an mga aki mas posibleng marhay na ihiras sa saro na ibinibilang nindang katood.: 246 Mantang nagdadakula an mga aki, sinda nagigin bakong gayong indibiduwal asin mas mapagrisa sa iba. Sarong tamboan ining artikulo patungkol sa mga tataramon na Austronesyo.<ref name="bremner">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U-YGCwAAQBAJ|title=An Introduction to Developmental Psychology|last=Bremner|first=J. Gavin|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=2017|isbn=978-1-4051-8652-0|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="oxford">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5m_D4NYVRI8C|title=The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, Vol. 2: Self and Other|last=Zelazo|first=Philip David|date=2013|publisher=OUP US|isbn=978-0-19-995847-4|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="oxford" /><ref name="Newman, B. M. 2012">Newman, B.M. & Newman, P.R. (2012). Development Through Life: A Psychosocial Approach. Stanford, CT.</ref> Nagkakaigwa sinda nin kakayahan na magkaigwa nin empatiya sa saindang mga katood, asin naoogmang magkawat nin grupo - grupo. Naeeksperyensiahan man ninda an paghabo nin mga kapantay mantang sinda naglalakaw sa amay na mga taon nin pagkaniaki. An pagkaigwa nin marahay na pagkakatood sa hoben na edad nakakatabang sa aki na magin mas marahay an pag - omaw sa sosyedad sa huri sa saindang buhay.<ref name="Newman, B. M. 2012" /> Basado sa mga report kan mga maestro asin ina, 75% kan mga aki sa preschool igwa nin kisuerra sarong katood. An pigurang ini nagtaas sa 78% sa paagi kan ikalimang grado, bilang sukol kan pag-iriba bilang mga katood, asin 55% igwang pinakadayupot na amigo.: 247, mga 15% nin mga aki an nanompongan na daing katood, na ibinabareta an mga peryodo na mayo nin mga katood na kisuerra anom na bulan. 250.fifth grado.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="oxford" />  Kaiba sa posibleng mga pakinabang nin pagkakatood an oportunidad na makanood manongod sa empatiya asin problema. An pakikipag - olay sa mga magurang puedeng magin kapakipakinabang sa pagtabang sa mga aki na magkaigwa nin mga katood. Ilinaladawan ni Eilen Kennedy-Moore an tolong pangenot na sangkap kan pagkamagkatood nin mga aki: (1) pagigin bukas, (2) pagkakaagid, asin (3) pag - aling - aling. ⁇ Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini. Matatabangan man kan mga magurang an mga aki na masabotan an sosyal na mga giya na dai ninda nanodan nin solo.<ref>Elman, N.M. & Kennedy-Moore, E. (2003). The Unwritten Rules of Friendship: Simple Strategies to Help Your Child Make Friends. New York: Little, Brown.</ref> Ginagamit hale sa pagsiyasat ni Robert Selman asin iba pa, si Kennedy-Moore nagpahayag nin mga tangga nin pagtalubo sa pakikikatood nin mga aki, na nagpapaheling nin nag - oorog na kakayahan na masabotan an mga punto de vista nin iba: "Inda Idtong Sakong Dalan," "Ano Ta Sa Sako?," "Sa Paagi kan mga Pamamahala," "Caring and Shathering," asin "Mga Pagbabago Paagi sa Thing asin Tin."<ref>Selman, R.L. (1980). ''The Growth of Interpersonal Understanding: Developmental and Clinical Analyses''. Academic Press: New York.</ref> === Pagigin hoben === [[Ladawan:Bhutan,_Friends_-_Flickr_-_babasteve.jpg|thumb|Duwang magkatood sa Bhutan.]] Sa pagkahoben, an mga pagkakatood nagigin "orog na nagtatao, hiras, prangka, mapagsuportar, asin gikan sa boot." May tendensia an mga tin - edyer na hanapon an mga kaedad na puedeng magtao nin siring na mga kualidad sa sarong marahay na relasyon, asin likayan an mga kaedad na an bakong marahay na gawe - gawe nagsusuherir na tibaad dai ninda kayang panigoan an mga pangangaipong ini. An personal na mga karakteristiko asin ugale itinatampok man kan mga hoben, kun nagpipili kun siisay an makikipagkatood sa sainda. An mga relasyon nagpopoon na papagdanayon an pokus sa parehong mga prinsipyo sa buhay, kaimbodan, asin ordinaryong intereses, imbes na sa pisikal na mga interes na kaagid nin pagigin harani asin paggamit nin mga bagay na mas nagpapamidbid sa pagkaniaki.: 246 loyalty. <ref name="oxford"/>  An sarong pag - adal na ginibo sa Unibersidad nin Texas sa Australya siniyasat an labing 9,000 na hoben na Amerikano tanganing aramon kun paano an saindang pagkatratong pakasal sa problemang gawe - gawe (arog baga nin paghabon, pakikilaban, asin pagkaaburido) konektado sa saindang mga pakikikatood. University of Texas sa Australya Ipinarisa nin mga nadiskobre na an mga tin - edyer mas harayo an posibilidad na magkaigwa nin problema sa gawe - gawe kun marahay an ginigibo kan saindang mga katood sa eskuelahan, nakikikabtang sa mga aktibidad sa eskuelahan, linikayan an pag - inom, asin marahay an salud sa isip. Kabaliktaran an nanompongan mapadapit sa mga hoben na talagang may problema. Baga man an mga tin - edyer naimpluwensiahan kan saindang mga katood na gumibo nin problema an gawe - gawe depende sa kun gurano sinda nalantad sa mga katood na idto, asin kun baga sinda asin an saindang mga grupo nin pakikikatood "maygurang" sa eskuelahan.<ref>Crosnoe, R., & Needham, B. (2004) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15015689 Holism, contextual variability, and the study of friendships in adolescent development]. [[University of Texas at Austin]].</ref> An pag - adal kan mga parasiyasat hale sa Unibersidad nin Purdue nakadiskobre na an mga pakikikatood mas haloy pa kisa sa mga pakikikatood na nabilog sa kapinonan. <ref>Sparks, Glenn (August 7, 2007). [http://news.uns.purdue.edu/x/2007b/070807SparksFriendship.html Study shows what makes college buddies lifelong friends] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407142440/https://news.uns.purdue.edu/x/2007b/070807SparksFriendship.html|date=2019-04-07}}. [[Purdue University]].</ref> Sa paghinanapos nin pagkahoben an mga pagkakatood may tendensiang magin bihira, posibleng huli sa prehuwisyo asin pagkakalaen sa kultura.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal}}</ref> === Pagkaadulto === [[Ladawan:3_barefoot_females_smiling_and_sitting_on_a_bench.jpg|thumb|Pakikikatood sa Pagkaadulto]] [[Ladawan:Jonathan_Lovingly_Taketh_His_Leave_of_David_by_Julius_Schnorr_von_Carolsfeld.jpg|thumb|Freundschaft zwischen Jonathan und David ni Julius Schur von Karolsfeld (1860), na nagtatradusir sa Ingles bilang Katood ni Jonathan asin David. Freundschaft zwischen Jonathan und David. Julius Schnor von Karolsfeld. Friendship sa pag - oltanan ni Jonathan asin David.]] [[Ladawan:Tudor_and_Delia_Summer_2015_coloured.JPG|thumb|Duwang katood bago magbilog nin retrato.]] An pakikikatood sa pagkaadulto nagtatao nin pakiibaiba, kapadangatan, saka emosyonal na suporta, asin positibong nakakokontribwir sa mental na karahayan asin mas marahay na pisikal na salud.  An mga nasa edad na tibaad partikularmenteng madepisilan na papagdanayon an makahulogan na pakikikatood sa pinagtatrabawohan. " An pinagtatrabawohan puedeng makapukaw nin kompetisyon, kaya an mga tawo nakakanood na itago an mga iriwal asin koro nin mga katrabaho. Parateng nagkakaigwa nin mga pakikikatood sa trabaho; Masakit sabihon kun saen matatapos an networking asin nagpoon an tunay na pagkaaramigo."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Williams|first=Alex|title=Friends of a Certain Age: Why Is It Hard To Make Friends Over 30?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/15/fashion/the-challenge-of-making-friends-as-an-adult.html?pagewanted=all}}</ref> An kadaklan na nasa edad na mas pinahahalagahan an pinansial na seguridad sa saindang trabaho kisa pakikikatood sa mga katrabaho. An mayoriya kan mga nasa edad na igwa nin promedyong duwang dayupot na katood.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/facebook/8876376/Most-adults-have-only-two-close-friends.html|title=Most adults have 'only two close friends'|date=November 8, 2011|last=Willis|first=Amy|work=The Telegraph|location=London}}</ref> An dakol na pag - adal sa mga nasa edad na nagsusuherir na an pakikikatood asin iba pang mapagsuportar na relasyon talagang nagpapaoswag sa sadiri.<ref name="www2.psych.purdue.edu">Berndt, T.J. (2002). [http://www2.psych.purdue.edu/~berndt/Friendship%20quality%20and%20social%20development.pdf Friendship Quality and Social Development]. American Psychological Society. [[Purdue University]].</ref> === Mas may edad nang mga adulto === An mas may edad nang mga adulto padagos na nagsasabi nin halangkaw na grado nin personal na satispaksion sa saindang pakikikatood mantang sinda nagkakaedad, kun paanong an kabilogan na bilang nin mga katood nagluluya. An satispaksion na ini konektado sa nadugangan na abilidad na mahaman an mga aktibidad sa pan - aroaldaw na buhay, siring man sa kadikit na pagluya nin kakayahan sa pagkoordinar, pag - ina sa mga kaso nin pag - ospital, asin mas marahay na mga resulta na konektado sa pagrehabilitar.: 427 An bilang nin ibinaretang mga katood sa huring kabtang nin buhay tibaad huli sa nag - oorog na kagayonan, mas marahay na pagtaram asin pagheling, asin pagigin may agom: 53 An pagruro kan bilang nin mga katood nin sarong indibiduwal mantang sinda naggugurang ipinaliwanag kan Socioemotional Selecty ni Carstensen, na naglaladawan nin pagbabago sa motibasyon na naeeksperyensiahan kan mga nasa edad na kun sinda nag-aaraki. Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini.<ref name="enc">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tgS29D0Mr4gC|title=The Encyclopedia of Aging: Fourth Edition, 2-Volume Set|last=Schulz|first=Richard|date=2006|publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer Publishing Company]]|isbn=978-0-8261-4844-5|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGs5DQAAQBAJ|title=Adult Friendship|last=Blieszner|first=Rosemary|last2=Adams|first2=Rebecca G.|date=1992|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-0-8039-3673-7|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref> Sinasabi kan teoriya na an pag - oswag sa edad namimidbid sa pagbalyo nin impormasyon pasiring sa emosyonal na pagbabago; Tanganing mapagdanay an positibong mga emosyon, linilimitaran kan gurang nang mga adulto an saindang sosyal na mga grupo sa mga kapareho ninda sa emosyonal na bogkos. Siring kan sinabi nin sarong repaso:<blockquote>An pagsiyasat sa laog kan nakaaging apat na dekada daing liwat - liwat na nakadiskobre ngonyan na an gurang nang mga nasa edad na kan pinakahalangkaw na grado nin kaogmahan asin pankagabsan marahay man an report na makosog, dayupot na relasyon sa dakol na katood.<ref name="brain">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JwxrMe5Fo6QC|title=Brain Health and Optimal Engagement for Older Adults|last=Nussbaum|first=Jon F.|last2=Federowicz|first2=Molly|last3=Nussbaum|first3=Paul D.|publisher=Editorial Aresta S.C.|year=2010|isbn=978-84-937440-0-7|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref></blockquote>Mantang naiinaan an mga paninimbagan sa pamilya asin pan - akit, an pagkakatood nagigin mas mahalaga. Sa tahaw kan mga may edad na, an pagkakatood puedeng magtao nin koneksion sa mas dakulang komunidad, magserbing nagpoprotehir na bagay tumang sa depresyon asin kapungawan, asin hipnoan an potensial na mga kapierdihan sa sosyal na pagsuportar na itinao kaidto kan mga miembro nin pamilya.: 32-33 nangorogna para sa mga tawo na dai puedeng lumuwas nin parate, an interaksion sa mga katood nagtotogot para sa padagos na pag - interbenir sa sosyedad.<ref name="yearbook">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8mMAgAAQBAJ|title=Communication Yearbook 19|last=Burleson|first=Brant R.|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2012|isbn=978-0-415-87317-8|access-date=27 September 2017}}</ref> Dugang pa, an gurang nang mga nasa edad na sa nagluluyang salud na nagdadanay na harani sa mga katood nagpapaheling nin mas marahay na sikolohiya.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Exploring-Lifespan-Development-3E/9780205957385.page|title=Pearson – Exploring Lifespan Development, 3/E|last=Laura E. Berk|year=2014|isbn=978-0-205-95738-5|page=696}}</ref> == Mga hapot sa pag-uswag == === Atention deficit hyperaktibidad === An mga aki na may pag - atentong diperensia sa trabaho (ADHD) tibaad nadedepisilan na magkaigwa asin magpadanay nin mga pakikikatood, huli sa limitadong abilidad na makapatalubo nin sosyal na mga abilidad paagi sa pag - adal sa obserbasyon, mga kadepisilan na nag - aasikaso sa sosyal na mga problema, asin huli sa sosyal na mga epekto nin nakakaraot na gawe - gawe asin mas makosog na tendensia na gumibo nin gawe - gawe na tibaad ibinibilang na nakararaot kan saindang mga kaedad. <ref name="hoza" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wiener|first=Judith|title=A multisource exploration of the friendship patterns of children with and without learning disabilities|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11369370|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref> Sa sarong pagrepaso kan 2007, mayong binibistong pagbulong na epektibong nakikipag-ulay sa mga kaakian sa ADHD, asin an mga pagbulong na mapanungod sa ibang aspekto kan diringkilan dai nakuang mahali an mga isyung konektado sa trabaho nin mga kapantay.<ref name="hoza">{{Cite journal|last=Hoza|first=Betsy|title=Peer Functioning in Children With ADHD}}</ref> === Autismo === An nagkapirang sintomas nin mga helang sa auto puedeng makaolang sa pagkaigwa nin relasyon sa lambang saro, arog baga kan gusto nin rutinang mga gibo, pagsayuma na magbago, mabangkag sa partikular na mga pinagkakainteresan o ritual, asin kadaihan nin abilidad sa sosyedad. autism spectrum. An autistikong mga aki nanompongan na mas posibleng magin dayupot na katood nin sarong tawo, imbes na magkaigwa nin mga grupo nin katood. Dugang pa, mas posibleng marhay na sinda magin dayupot na katood nin ibang mga aki na may pagkabaldado.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bauminger|last7=Rogers|doi=10.1007/s10802-007-9156-x|pages=135–50|issue=2|volume=36|date=3 January 2008|journal=Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology|title=Children with Autism and Their Friends: A Multidimensional Study of Friendship in High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder|first7=Sally J.|first6=John|first1=Nirit|last6=Brown|first5=Lilach|last5=Gazit|first4=Kelly|last4=Heung|first3=Anat|last3=Aviezer|first2=Marjorie|last2=Solomon|pmid=18172754}}</ref> An pakamate nin dayupot na relasyon nin magurang nakatatabang sa kualidad nin pakikikatood sa mga aki na may mga problema sa auto; An pakamate nin pagkadayupot sa mga magurang nakakahipno sa kadaihan nin abilidad sa sosyedad na sa parate makararaot sa mga pakikikatood.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bauminger|first1=Nirit|last2=Solomon|first2=Marjorie|last3=Rogers|first3=Sally J.|title=Predicting Friendship Quality in Autism Spectrum Disorders and Typical Development|journal=Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders|date=29 December 2009|volume=40|issue=6|pages=751–61|doi=10.1007/s10803-009-0928-8|pmid=20039110}}</ref> Ipinaheling nin sarong pag - adal na ginibo ni Frankel et al. na an pag - interbenir asin pagtotokdo nin magurang may mahalagang kabtang sa siring na mga aki na nagpapatalubo nin pakikikatood.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Frankel|first=Fred|title=A Randomized Controlled Study of Parent-assisted Children's Friendship Training with Children having Autism Spectrum Disorders|date=8 January 2010}}</ref> Kaiba kan pag - interbenir nin mga magurang, an mga propesyonal sa eskuelahan igwa nin mahalagang kabtang sa pagtotokdo nin mga abilidad sa sosyedad asin interaksion nin mga kaedad. An mga parapropressional, espisipikong saro-sarong pantabang asin tabang kan klase, parati pigbubugtak sa mga aki na may mga spectrum na diringkilan tangani na magin pasil an pagkakatood asin giyahan an aki sa paggibo asin pagpadanay nin awad - awad na pagkakatood.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Rossetti|first=Zachary|title=Paraeducators' Roles in Facilitating Friendships Between Secondary Students With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders or Developmental Disabilities|date=July–August 2010}}</ref> Minsan ngani an mga leksion asin pagsasanay puedeng makatabang sa mga kaedad nin mga aki na may autismo, an pagdaogdaog mahalaga pa man giraray sa sosyal na mga situwasyon. Segun ki Anahad O'Konorno kan The New York Times, an pagdaogdaog posibleng marhay na mangyari tumang sa mga aki na may mga spectrum na helang na may pinakadakulang potensial na mamuhay nin independiente. An siring na mga aki mas namemeligro huli ta igwa sinda nin dakol na ritual asin kadaihan nin abilidad sa sosyedad bilang mga aki na mas risang marhay an pag - aati, alagad mas posibleng marhay na mas maoswag sinda sa eskuelahan. Mas dipisil para sa mga aki na mag - atender sa social cues, kaya tibaad dai pirming mabisto kun sinda takuton.<ref>{{Cite news|last=O'Connor|first=Anahad|title=School Bullies Prey on Children With Autism|url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/03/school-bullies-prey-on-children-with-autism/}}</ref> === Down syndrome === An mga aki na may Down syndrome orog na nadepisilan na makikatood. Down syndrome Nakakaeksperyensia sinda nin pagkaatraso sa lenguahe na nagpangyari sa sainda na magkaigwa nin mas masakit na panahon sa pagkawat sa ibang mga aki. An kadaklan na aki na may Down syndrome tibaad mas gustong magdalan sa ibang estudyante asin magkawat sa kataed nin sarong katood alagad bakong kaiba ninda, sa kadaklan huli ta mas nasasabotan ninda an labi sa kaya nindang ipahayag sa luwas. alongside.Sa mga taon bago mag - eskuela, an mga aki na may Down syndrome puedeng makinabang sa kamugtakan kan klase, na napapalibotan nin ibang aki asin dikit an pagsarig sa nasa edad nang tabang. An mga aki na igwa kan diperensiang ini nakikinabang sa laen - laen na interaksion kapwa sa mga adulto asin aki. Sa eskuelahan, an pagkaigwa nin komplikadong mga kamugtakan sa kuarto kan klase puedeng magin depisil, alagad an pagigin harani sa dayupot na mga katood puedeng magin importante para sa sosyal na pag - oswag.<ref>"Recreation & Friendship." Recreation & Friendship – National Down Syndrome Society. n.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016.</ref><ref> "Social Development for Individuals with Down Syndrome – An Overview." Information about Down Syndrome. Down Syndrome Education International, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016.</ref> == Salud == Nanompongan nin mga pagsiyasat na an makosog na sosyal na mga pagsuportar nagpapaoswag sa mga oportunidad nin saro para sa marahay na salud asin halawig na buhay. Sa kabaliktaran, an kapungawan asin kadaihan nin sosyal na suporta konektado sa nag - oorog na peligro nin helang sa puso, mga impeksion sa virus, asin kanser, saka an mas halangkaw na bilang nin nagagadan sa kabilogan. art disease. Duwang parasiyasat an nag - apod pa ngani nin mga network nin pakikikatood na sarong "behavioral vaccine" na nagpapakosog kapwa sa pisikal asin mental na salud. vaccine.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780387368986|title=Low-Cost Approaches to Promote Physical and Mental Health: Theory, Research, and Practice|last=|first=|date=2007|publisher=Springer-Verlag|isbn=978-0-387-36898-6|editor-last=L'Abate|editor-first=Luciano|location=New York|pages=455–472|language=en}}</ref> Kadakol kan pagsiyasat na ikinokonektar an pagkakatood asin salud, alagad an eksaktong mga dahelan kan koneksion kaiyan nagdadanay na bakong malinaw. An kadaklan sa mga pag - adal sa lugar na ini iyo an darakulang posibilidad nin mga pag - adal na makakasunod sa mga tawo sa pag - agi nin panahon, asin mantang tibaad may pagkabanggaan sa pag - oltanan kan duwang pagkakalaen (pagkaamigo asin kamugtakan nin salud), dai pa man giraray aram kan mga parasiyasat kun igwa nin dahelan asin epekto an relasyon, arog baga kan ideya na an marahay na pagkakatood talagang nagrarahay sa salud. Dakol na teoriya an nagprobar na ipaliwanag an koneksion na ini. Kaiba sa mga teoriyang ini na an marahay na mga katood dinadagka an saindang mga katood na magkaigwa nin mas marahay na pamumuhay; An marahay na mga katood na iyan nagdadagka sa saindang mga katood na humagad nin tabang asin paglaog sa mga serbisyo kun kaipuhan; na pinapaoswag kan marahay na mga katood an kakayahan kan saindang mga katood sa pag - atubang sa helang asin iba pang problema sa salud; asin na an marahay na mga katood aktuwal na nakakaapektar sa pisyolohikong mga dalan na nagpoprotehir sa salud.<ref>Social networks and health: It's time for an intervention trial. 2005. Jorm, Anthony F. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Vol 59(7) Jul 2005, 537–38.</ref> === Marahay na salud === An kawaran nin pagkakatood nanompongan na may kabtang sa nag - oorog na peligro nin dikit na ideya sa tahaw nin mga tin - edyer na babae, kaiba an pagkaigwa nin mas dakol na katood na bako man mismong magkatood. Minsan siring, mayo nin kaagid na epekto na naobserbaran para sa mga lalaki.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Suicide and Friendships Among American Adolescents}}</ref> An pagkaigwa nin dikit o mayo nin katood sarong mayor na senyal sa diagnosis nin laen - laen na helang sa isip.<ref name="reisman">{{Cite journal|title=Friendship and its Implications for Mental Health or Social Competence}}</ref> An mas halangkaw na kuwalidad nin pagkakatood direktang nakakokontribwir sa sadiri, kompiansa sa sadiri, asin sosyal na pagtalubo.<ref name="www2.psych.purdue.edu"/> Naaraman nin sarong pag - adal sa Bibliya na mas maugma an mga tawo na may haraning mga amigo, dawa ngani dai nagin mas maugma an eksaktong bilang nin mga amigo. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23097143|work=BBC News|title=Can we make ourselves happier?|date=1 July 2013}}</ref> An iba pang pag - adal nagsuherir na an mga aki na may halangkaw na kualidad puedeng protehiran tumang sa pagtalubo nin nagkapirang diperensia, arog baga kan kahaditan asin depresyon. Sa kabaliktaran, an pagkaigwa nin nagkapirang katood konektado sa paghale sa eskuelahan, siring man sa karingisan, asin krimen nin mga adulto.: An 500 Peer na pagsikwal kaayon man sa mas hababang pag-alaman sa trabaho, asin partisipasyon sa mga sosyal na aktibidad, mantang an mas halangkaw na lebel nin pakiki-amigo kaayon sa mas halangkaw na sa edad na eternal na sadiri.: Kinua 500-01-01. ⁇ Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini.<ref name="bremner"/><ref name="bremner" />  == Pagsuway == An pagkaraot nin pagkakatood puedeng mansayon bilang personal na pagsikwal, o tibaad resulta nin natural na mga pagbabago sa paglihis nin panahon, mantang an mga katood nagigin mas harayo kapwa sa pisikal asin emosyonal. An pagkaraot nin pagkakatood konektado sa orog pang pakamate nin kasalan, kaanggotan asin depresyon, asin tibaad nagtatao nin tension na marhay na mga pangyayari, nangorogna kan aki pa. per. Minsan siring, puedeng mainaan an posibleng negatibong mga epekto kun an pagkaraot nin pagkakatood salidahan nin saro pang dayupot na relasyon. <ref name="oxford"/>  == Mga demograpo == An mga magkatood may tendensiang magin mas kaagid kan lambang saro kun dapit sa edad, sekso, gawe - gawe, pag - abuso sa droga, personal na disposisyon, asin akademikong pasale: 248 : 426 : 55-56 Sa mga nasyon na etniko laen-laen, may mahiwas na ebidensya na an mga kaakian asin mga barobata may tendensyang magporma nin pakikikatood sa iba pa man na rasa o etniko, magpoon sa preschool, asin pinakahalangkaw sa katangaan o huring parte kan pagkaaki.Sarong klase nin pagmaltrato. <ref name="oxford" /><ref name="enc"/><ref name="brain"/><ref name="oxford"/>  === Mga pagkakalaen sa Gender === Sa pankagabsan, an relasyon nin mga babae sa mga aki may tendensiang magkonsentrar sa mga koneksion sa lambang saro asin sa pagsuportar kan lambang saro. Sa kabaliktaran, an interaksion na lalaki-male mas nakapokus sa kamugtakan sa sosyedad. Bilang resulta, tibaad aktibo nindang dinedesganar an kapahayagan nin emosyonal na mga pangangaipo.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7yLl11fWXr8C|title=Developmental Psychology: A Student's Handbook|last=Harris|first=Margaret|date=2002|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-84169-192-3|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>  An mgatiko nagbabareta nin mas dakol na kahaditan, pag - imon, asin pagkabiktima na konektadong marhay sa saindang mga pakikikatood. Sa ibong na lado, an mga lalaki nagbabareta nin mas halangkaw na grado nin pisikal na pagkabiktima. Minsan siring, an mga lalaki asin babae may tendensiang magreport nin limitadong satispaksion sa saindang pakikikatood.<ref name="oxford"/>  An mga babae may tendensiang magin mas sayod asin dayupot sa saindang parehong mga amigo asin mas dikit an mga amigo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Culture and Gender Differences in the Perception of Friendship by Adolescents|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/002075996401089}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFVerkuyten1996">Verkuyten, Maykel (1996-10-01). [[doi:10.1080/002075996401089|"Culture and Gender Differences in the Perception of Friendship by Adolescents"]]. ''International Journal of Psychology''. '''31''' (5): 207–217. [[Doi (idenifier) |doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/002075996401089|10.1080/002075996401089]]. [[ISSN (idenifier) |ISSN]]&nbsp;[//www.worldcat.org/issn/0020-7594 0020-7594].</cite></ref> An mga lalaki mas posibleng magtao nin kahulogan sa kadayupotan kun dapit sa magkaparehong pisikal na mga eksperyensia. Sa kabaliktaran, an mga babae mas posibleng tawan nin kahulogan iyan sa pararehong emosyonal na mga babae. An mga lalaki mas dikit an posibilidad na gumibo nin emosyonal o personal na mga kapahayagan sa ibang lalaki huli ta puede nindang gamiton an impormasyon na ini tumang sa sainda. Minsan siring, ihahayag ninda an impormasyon na ini sa mga babae (na bako man sindang kakompetensia ninda), asin may tendensia an mga lalaki na ibilang an pakikikatood sa mga babae na mas makahulogan, dayupot, asin nakaoogma. An mga mag-aramigo sa pangkagabsan mas arog sa mga pag'iriba, mantang an mga relasyon na babae-babae mas marhay an relasyon igdi. Bilang resulta, ini nangangahulogan man na an katapusan kan mga pagkakatood na lalaki-male may tendensiang magin bakong gayong nakakaaburido sa emosyon kisa kan sa mga pakikikatood na babae.<ref>Campbell, Anne. A mind of her own: The evolutionary psychology of women. OUP Oxford, 2013, pp.108-110</ref><ref>David-Barrett, Tamas, Anna Rotkirch, James Carney, Isabel Behncke Izquierdo, Jaimie A. Krems, Dylan Townley, Elinor McDaniell, Anna Byrne-Smith, and Robin IM Dunbar. "Women favour dyadic relationships, but men prefer clubs: cross-cultural evidence from social networking." PLOS ONE 10, no. 3 (2015): e0118329.</ref> An mga babae may tendensiang magin mas eksperto sa sosyedad kisa mga kaedad nindang lalaki sa tahaw nin gurang nang mga adulto. Bilang resulta, an dakol na gurang na lalaki tibaad magsarig sa sarong babaeng kaibaiba, arog baga nin agom, na magbayad para sa saindang medyo kakulangan nin abilidad sa sosyedad.: Naaraman nin sarong pagsiyasat na an mga babayi sa Europa asin Amerika del Norte mas posibleng marhay kisa sa mga lalaki na magbareta na igwa sinda nin pinakadayupot na amigo. Sarong tamboan an artikulong ini.<ref name="brain"/> === Kultura === Arin na relasyon an ibinibilang na tunay na pagkakatood, imbes na sarong kamidbid o komedyante, laen - laen an kultura. Sa mga kulturang Ingles-taramon, bako pang pambihira na iiba kan mga tawo an mas maluyang relasyon bilang mga katood. Sa ibang kultura, arog kan kulturang Ruso asin Polish, an pinakamahalaga sanang relasyon ibinibilang na magkatood. Ang Ruso pwedeng magkaigwa nin saro o duwang amigo pati kadakol na mga "pal" o mga kabisto; Puedeng ibilang nin sarong taga Canada na katood an gabos na relasyon na ini.<ref name=":1" /> Sa mga kultura sa Solnopan, an pagkakatood parateng ibinibilang na mas bakong gayong mahalaga o romantikong mga kultura. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tillmann-Healy|first=Lisa M.|date=2003-10-01|title=Friendship as Method|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800403254894|journal=Qualitative Inquiry|language=en|volume=9|issue=5|pages=729–749|doi=10.1177/1077800403254894|issn=1077-8004}}</ref> Kan tinotokar an mga taktika nin pagkakatood na nadiskobre na an mga hinapot na Intsik nakanompong nin labi pa sa mga kapareho ninda sa Britania. == Mga interes == [[Ladawan:CUTE_FRIENDSHIP.JPG|thumb|An sarong lalaki na may lalagan nin mga palmang Indian na kquirel, (Funambulus palbarum). Indian an palmang kquirel. Funambulus palmarum]] An pakikikatood manonompongan sa mga hayop na mas halangkaw an intelihensia, arog baga nin mas halangkaw na mga mammal asin nagkapirang gamgam. mammals. birds. Lakop an mga pag - aramigo sa pag - oltanan nin mga tawo asin magarong mga hayop. Puede man na mangyari an mga pagkakatood sa pag - oltanan nin duwang hayop na bakong tawo, arog baga nin mga ayam asin ikos. == Mga nota == {{Notelist}} == Reperensya == {{Reflist}} == Iba pang babasahon == * {{Cite book|title=The Friend|last=Bray, Alan|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-226-07181-7|location=Chicago|author-link=Alan Bray}} * {{Cite book|title=Laelius de Amicitia|title-link=Laelius de Amicitia|last=Cicero|first=Marcus Tullius}} * {{Cite book|title=Essays: First Series|last=Emerson|first=Ralph Waldo|year=1841|chapter=Friendship|access-date=18 August 2013|chapter-url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Essays:_First_Series/Friendship}} * Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods, "Sur na Pag - oswag kan Katood: An natural na pagpili para sa mga ugaleng hipersocial nagpangyari sa mga klase nin apyan sa Daga na magin pinakamarahay na Neandertal asin iba pang mga kampyon," Scientific American, vol. 323, dai. 2 (Agosto 2020), pp. 58-63. Brian Hare. Vanessa Woods. Scientific American. * {{Cite book|title=The Ways of Friendship|last=Lepp, Ignace|publisher=The Macmillan Company|year=1966|location=New York|author-link=Ignace Lepp}} * {{Cite book|title=Orientalism|last=Said, Edward|publisher=Vintage Books|year=1979|isbn=978-0-394-74067-6|location=US|author-link=Edward Said}} * {{Cite book|title=A Talent for Friendship: Rediscovery of a Remarkable Trait|last=Terrell|first=John Edward|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0199386451}} == Mga panluwas na mga takod == * {{Commons category-inline|Friends}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p003hyd3 BBC Radio 4 na serye "Sa Satong Panahon," sa Pagkakatood, 2 Marso 2006. Friendship] * Pakikiamigo sa Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Friendship. Stanford Encyclopedia of Pilosopiya {{Saringsing}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aub9whghz4zymgh04gegiufsway3nqw 0 54308 305914 305676 2026-05-24T13:26:52Z ~2026-30230-66 31481 /* */ 105.5 BGR Media Productions Radyo Gwapito 305914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox estasyon nin radyo | name = Radyo Gwapito | callsign = DWRG | logo = | city = [[Syudad nin Naga]] | area = [[Camarines Sur]] | branding = Radyo Gwapito 105.5 | slogan = | frequency = 105.5 MHz | repeater = DWOF 1521 kHz | airdate = August 23, 2018 | format = Musika | power = 5,000 watts | class = | callsign_meaning = '''R'''adyo '''G'''wapito | affiliations = Asintado Sa Radyo | owner = Apollo Broadcast Investor | licensee = Mediascape Inc. | operator = BGR Media Productions | website = }} An '''DWRG''' (105.5 FM) '''Radyo Gwapito''' iyo an sarong istasyon nin radyo pagsasadiri kan Apollo Broadcast Investor asin pig-ooperar kan BGR Media Productions. {{Naga City Radio}} bjy2y64ao65keefj0ioj1o8nd8xfs8f 0 56242 305974 305903 2026-05-25T03:02:09Z CommonsDelinker 2 Removing [[:c:File:Renmar'_Arnejo_2026_picture.jpg|Renmar'_Arnejo_2026_picture.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Elcobbola|Elcobbola]] because: Mass deletion of pages added by [[:c:Special:Contributions/Himhimpot234|Himhimpot234]]. 305974 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Renmar' Cañete Arnejo''' (mibait Eneru 24, 1999) metung yang Filipinung talapagdisenyu ning papet o simpling gagawang manika, ampong personalidad king social media. ing sikat a platform Best Known for dance Inyang megumpisa yang magpost keng 2019 content Tiktok video, ampo ing kayang YouTube Channel {{Infobox person | name = Renmar' Arnejo | birth_name = Renmar' Cañete Arnejo | image = | caption =Renmar' Arnejo poster 2026 | birth_place = [[Cebu City]], [[Philippines]], | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1999|01|24|mf=y}} | other_names = Renmar, Mar. | height = 1.72 m |education = *Zapatera Elementary School *Zapatera National HighSchool | known_for = | occupation = puppet designer, vlogger, and social media personality. | nationality = [[Philippine]] | parents = Marcila' Arnejo (mother) Renato' jr. Arnejo (father) | years_active = 2014–present }} ==Amay na Buhay== Renmar' Arnejo natawo sa Enero 24, 1999 sa siyudad sa Sugbo, Pilipinas. An bilog niyang pangaran iyo si Renmar' Cañete Arnejo. Siya ngonyan 21 anyos na asin sarong Aquarius birth sign. Igwa siyang nasyonalidad na Pilipino alagad dai aram an saiyang etnisidad. Dugang pa, si Renmar namundag na may tugang na lalaki. Igwa siyang duwang tugang na lalaki, si Rennell' Arnejo, an pangaran kan saiyang ina iyo si Marcila' Arnejo asin an pangaran kan saiyang ama iyo si Renato' Jr. Si Arnejo diborsyado kan siya huri digdi dinara kan saiyang ina kun saen siya nagdakula sa Pilipinas asin nag-iba sa saiyang ina sa simbahan, mall, asin pati sa mga supermarket, para sa saiyang ama na si Arnejo Renato' Arnejo Jr. asin Marcila' Arnejo. Nagdakula siya sa saiyang matuang tugang na si Renmar' Arnejo. Siya an nguhod na tugang ni Rennell' Arnejo, sarong bantog na Filipinong parakawat nin Dota, asin teknolohista. Magkaibanan sindang nagmukna nin sarong dinamikong duo na nagsakop kan internet ==Personal na bie== Cebu City Philippines Megumpisa yang magaral (2011-2012) atin yang zapatera elementary school education in zapatera national hight School day and night grade 2 to 5 school year (2011 to 2015) and grade 6 day school year started (2016 to 2017 grade School Zapatera naging sarong taon nin pag-eskwela (2011 to 2017 2020) Megbakasyon ya, keng talamba anyang taon na ing sinda ampo miglaan yang panahon kaiba da reng pinsan na lalu na kang Rica' Arnejo. Ngeni, manuknangan ya keng pribadung sambag 1 kaiba nala deng aliwang pinsan na lalu na i Mary Alodia' Limpiado ing na sinda a lagyu nang Mary'Rose Limpiado naggibo nin dating pandemya COVID-19 quarant ==karera== Renmar' Arnejo Sa presente an trabaho na sinabi bago ako maggibo nin sarong paragibo nin munyika kan 2011. Grado 2 pa ako. Yaon pa sana ako digdi sa samong harong, naggigibo ako nin koleksyon nin mga munyika na prinsesa kan Disney Disney Bago si Anna, Elsa, Prinsesa Jasmine, asin man an paggibo nin papet na paradisenyo nin papet na si Dolly, Peas in a pod gikan sa toy story 3 na franchise , sarong laruan sa prangkisa nin laruan digdi sa podistic na karakter sa pelikula Private Sambag 1 kaibahan ko igdi sa harong bago si pinsan ko igdi pa sinda nakaistar kan 2011. dae sinda naghali 2013 == Mga reperensya== {{kontrol ning awtoridad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:'Arnejo, Renmar'}} [[Kategorya:1999 na mga pagkamundag]] [[Kategorya:Tau Filipinu a maki lahi king Irlanda]] [[Kategorya:paradisenyo nin papet]] [[Kategorya:influencer sa social media]] 0suv0mkgwaed13ji4s2xiohj8uh5114 10 56347 305907 305660 2026-05-24T12:12:18Z ShiminUfesoj 11957 305907 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>[{{fullurl:{{{1}}}:}} <span class="autonym" title="{{#language:{{{1}}}|bcl}} ({{{1}}}:)" lang="{{{1}}}">{{#switch:{{{1}}}|no=Norsk Bokmål|sh=Srpskohrvatski|simple=Simple English|sr=Srpski|{{ucfirst:{{#language:{{{1}}}}}}}}}</span>]</includeonly><noinclude> {{Dokumentasyon}} <!-- Magdagdag nin mga kategorya sa /doc subpahina asin interwiki sa Wikidata, bako digdi! --></noinclude> 47802l77d2mqvya4zbuheb5tk5d6bfb 0 56368 305973 305905 2026-05-25T03:02:07Z CommonsDelinker 2 Removing [[:c:File:Rica_'Arnejo_2026.jpg|Rica_'Arnejo_2026.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Elcobbola|Elcobbola]] because: Mass deletion of pages added by [[:c:Special:Contributions/Himhimpot234|Himhimpot234]]. 305973 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Vicenta Rica Reyes 'Arnejo''' (namundag kan Mayo 26,1997) mas midbid bilang '''Rica 'Arnejo''' sarong Filipinong Paratukdo asin paminsan-minsan na estudyante sa trabaho sa pagrekord an pinakaenot iyo an Oath taking Ceremony booklet kasuarin man Siya pinakamidbid sa saiyang pagtukdo sa klase, {{Infobox person | name =Rica 'Arnejo | image = | birth_name = Vicenta Rica Reyes 'Arnejo | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1997|05|26|df=yes}} | nationality = [[Philippines|Filipino]] | birth_place = [[Philippines|Cebu City,]] | years_active = 2013–present | parents =Virginia 'Arnejo (mother) | height = 1.50 m (4 ft 11 in) | weight = | education = *University of Cebu *Cebu Normal University | occupation = Teacher | relatives = |image1=|other_names=Babu|place_of_birth=[[Philippines|Cebu City,]]|real_name=|title1=|caption=Rica 'Arnejo poster 2026}} ==Amay na buhay asin pamilya== Si Rica 'Arnejo namundag bilang Vicenta Rica Reyes 'Arnejo kan Mayo 26,1997 Cebu City Philippines Siya binunyagan sa Sto.Rosario Parish igwa siyang sarong Matuang tugang na babae na si Axl Rose 'Arnejo sarong Nars, Doktor asin an saiyang pamilya iyo an pinakanguhod na Aki sa Wikang Visayan. Arnejo An matuang tugang na lalaki iyo si Richard Martin. Si Rj ralph john an pinakanguhod asin solamenteng daragita sa apat na aki ni Richard jr. 'Arnejo M.Lhuilier,Woker( ) gikan sa Antipolo Rizal asin an dating Virginia 'Arnejo (banyaw na gigi namundag 1971) gikan sa Siyudad nin Cebu ==Karera== Sa saiyang enot na taon nin edukasyon, si Rica 'Arnejo nag-adal nin occupational theraphy sa velez college sagkod sa ika-3 taon sana asin dai nakapagpadagos huli sa nagkapirang rason kaya nagkua siya nin elementarya sa cebu normal university bilang ikaduwang taon na estudyante sa kolehiyo para sa saiyang ibang mga asignatura na tinawan nin kredito para sa saiyang enot na yesr level. Kaya siya sarong iskolar kan estado sa laog nin 4 na taon asin siya dapat na maggradwar bilang sarong magna cum laude kun siya dai nagin sarong transferee na estudyante. Mantang siya nag-aadal sa kolehiyo sa CNU siya sarong nagtatrabahong estudyante kasabay kan pagtukdo nin ESL sa mga estudyanteng Hapon mantang siya sarong iskolar, siya man nagtipon nin kwarta para sa saiyang mga pangangaipo. Pagkatapos kan gradwasyon, nagpapadagos pa man giraray siya kan saiyang pagtukdo nin ESL sa Hapon sagkod sa pandemya asin pagkatapos kan pandemya nin huli ta online na an pagtukdo, nagpadagos pa man giraray siya alagad sa ibang kompanya ngunyan. Kan taon 2024 nagdesisyon siyang magtukdo sa sarong klase na nagtutukdo sa samong eskwelahan na harani asin pagkatapos nin haros sarong taon na pagtukdo duman. Nagdesisyon siyang magtrabaho sa ibang nasyon bako bilang sarong online na paratukdo kundi sarong paratukdo pa man giraray sa klase na may mga estudyante sa elementarya sagkod sa mga momentong ini. Kun babalikan, nakua man niya an saiyang degree sa espesyal na edukasyon kan 2020. Asin an mga kaakian na saiyang pigtutukdo duman sa ibang nasyon gabos mga espesyal na kaakian. ==Dynamic Teen Company== Kan siya nasa hayskul, si Rica 'Arnejo, sarong allef scholar sa laog nin 4 na taon, siya man sarong padagos na top 1 na estudyante sa saindang klase, asin miyembro kan values education club, asin siya naggradwar bilang pinakamarahay sa espesyal na edukasyon sa laog kan saiyang aldaw nin gradwasyon ==Mga Reperensya== {{kontrol kan awtoridad}} {{DEFAULTSORT:'Arnejo, Rica}} [[Kategorya:Mga kagmukna kan eskwelahan]] [[Kategorya:Mga paratukdo sa eskwelahan na Pilipino]] [[Kategorya:Unibersidad kan Sugbo]] [[Kategorya:Unibersidad Normal kan Cebu]] [[Kategorya:1997 na mga pagkamundag]] [[Kategorya:Nabubuhay na Tawo]] [[Kategorya:Mga Tawo gikan sa Siyudad sa Sugbo]] 6rtpa4giobsvacljnkqfbw6ths0popd 0 56395 305922 305893 2026-05-24T20:38:54Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 305922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | honorific_prefix = | name = Vada Azeem | honorific_suffix = | image = Vada Azeem.jpg | image_size = | landscape = <!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = | caption = Azeem in 2020 | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_name = | alias = | birth_date = <!-- {{birth date and age|1983|08|23}} for living people supply only the year unless the exact date is already WIDELY published, as per [[WP:DOB]] --> | birth_place = [[Philadelphia, PA]] | origin = | death_date = <!-- {{death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date 1st) --> | death_place = | genre = Hip Hop | occupation = Rapper | instrument = | years_active = <!-- 2008–present (or –present) --> | past_member_of = Fly Union | spouse = Ababa Azeem (married 2019–present) | website = }} Si '''Vada Leon Azeem''' sarong rapper asin visual creator nakaabase sa [[Columbus, Ohio]]. == Kaamayi nin buhay == Sa mga enot na taon, si Azeem nag'estar sa banwaan kan ina niya sa Philadelphia. Poon anom abot walo sa edad, siya nag'estar sa kapamilya sa [[Maybeury, West Virginia]] bago saiyang mga magurang pinalmenteng nag'erok sa [[Columbus, Ohio]]. Siya may dugong [[African Americans|Aprikano-amerikano]], [[Haitians|Haitian]], asin [[Irish people|Irish]]. == Musika == Si Azeem nginaranan asin kapwa-tinugdas an hip-hop collective [[Fly Union|Fly.Union]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fly Union EPK|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GWCw5CiQXE}}</ref> Kan 2008 an collective nagpaluwas nin mixtape katbang an DJ [[Mick (DJ)|Mick]] Boogie tituladong "Closed Doors, Open Windows" <ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-09-17|title=Mick Boogie Presents Fly.Union – Closed Doors, Open Windows (Mixtape)|url=https://2dopeboyz.wordpress.com/2008/09/16/mick-boogie-presents-flyunion-closed-doors-open-windows-mixtape/|access-date=2020-06-13|website=2dopeboyz|language=en|archive-date=2022-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914034918/https://2dopeboyz.wordpress.com/2008/09/16/mick-boogie-presents-flyunion-closed-doors-open-windows-mixtape/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>na mangyari an saiyang grupo nagpirma sa pagpublikar ninda [[Maverick Carter]] asin NBA All-Star [[LeBron James]]' SpringHillsa imprint. Si Azeem naglitik sa grupo pakapirirmahan. Bilang solong artista, si Azeem napabantog huli sa pagluwas sa mga pasali kairiba an mga artistang arog ninda [[Stalley]], [[Currensy|Curren$y]], asin [[Rick Ross]] sa A3C Festival nin Atlanta,<ref>{{Cite web|title=A3C festival interview with L.e & Rashad|url=https://mycolumbuspower.com/1124091/a3c-festival-interview-with-l-e-rashad-video/}}</ref> asin sa [[CMJ]] Festival nin New York saka kan [[South by Southwest|SxSW]] Festival nin Austin.. May pagkalangkag sa palibot ni Azeem sa kan siya nagpresentar kan haloy nang hinahalat na album titulado “We Forgot That God Was Watching.” Ini iyo an enot na lubos na musikal niya tinangro' poon kan taon 2013. == Buhay personl == Si Azeem sarong [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] muslim. Siya may agom asin duwang aki. == Toltolan == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Azeem, Vada}} [[Kategorya:Mga Rapper haleng Columbus, Ohio]] [[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-2ng siglong mga Amerikanong rappers]] [[Kategorya:Taon na kinamundagan nawawara]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng siglong mga lalaking amerikanong rappers]] == Buhay personal == Si Azeem sarong [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] muslim. Siya may agom asion duwang aki.. == Toltolan == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Azeem, Vada}} [[Kategorya:Mga Rapper haleng Columbus, Ohio]] [[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng siglong mga Amerikanon rappers]] [[Kategorya:Taon nin pagkamundag nawawara]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng siglong mga Amerikanong lalaking rappers]] == Buhay personal == Azeem is a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] muslim. He is married with two children. == Toltolan == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Azeem, Vada}} [[Kategorya:Mga Rappers haleng Columbus, Ohio]] [[Kategorya:Mga Buruhay]] [[Kategorya:Mga artikulong nangangaipo nin pag-wikify]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng siglong mga Amerikanong rappers]] [[Kategorya:Taon nin pagkamundag nawawara]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-21ng siglong mga amerikan ong mga lalaking rappers]] [[en:Vada Azeem]] kv172ver00a515k2nlon0bb88tdst10 10 56397 305908 2026-05-24T12:16:53Z ShiminUfesoj 11957 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "'''[[Mayo 24]]''' [[File:Queen Victoria 1887.jpg|Reyna Victoria ng Nagkakaisang Kaharian|right|100px]] * [[1819]] — Namundag si '''[[Victoria kan Nagkakasararong Kahadian]]'''. * [[1945]] — An ikaduwang mahalaga nin pagbomba asin an pagsakyada kan mga pilotong Amerikano sa [[Tokyo]], bilang sarong kapitolyo syudad kan '''[[Imperyo nin Hapon]]''' na an lagpas sa rinibong namamanwaan na Hapones an nagadan asin nalugadan huli sa pagbomba. Mga huring aldaw: [..." 305908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Mayo 24]]''' [[File:Queen Victoria 1887.jpg|Reyna Victoria ng Nagkakaisang Kaharian|right|100px]] * [[1819]] — Namundag si '''[[Victoria kan Nagkakasararong Kahadian]]'''. * [[1945]] — An ikaduwang mahalaga nin pagbomba asin an pagsakyada kan mga pilotong Amerikano sa [[Tokyo]], bilang sarong kapitolyo syudad kan '''[[Imperyo nin Hapon]]''' na an lagpas sa rinibong namamanwaan na Hapones an nagadan asin nalugadan huli sa pagbomba. Mga huring aldaw: [[Mayo 23]] — [[Mayo 22]] — [[Mayo 21]] al0fvv4faf7nlofjsa0uoa5kikqn985 0 56398 305912 2026-05-24T13:17:48Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340819102|Male bonding]]" 305912 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:02.22_副總統接見「世界衛生組織發展遲緩兒童親職技巧訓練-台灣執行計畫」石謹魁博士_(32231471013).jpg|thumb|[[Chen Chien-jen|Vice President Chen]] shares a hug with Dr. Andy Shih, Taiwan, 2017]] In [[ethology]] and [[social science]], '''male bonding''' or '''male friendship''' is the formation of close personal relationships, and patterns of [[friendship]] or cooperation between males. Male bonding is a form of [[homosociality]], or [[social connection]] between individuals of the same gender. Male bonding can occur through various contexts and activities that build emotional closeness, [[Trust (social science)|trust]], and [[wikt:camaraderie|camaraderie]]. Male bonding is an important feature of men's [[social functioning]] and can provide benefits including [[emotional support]] and [[intimacy]], shared identity, and personal fulfillment contributing to [[Men's health|men's mental health and wellbeing]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McKenzie|first1=Sarah K.|last2=Collings|first2=Sunny|last3=Jenkin|first3=Gabrielle|last4=River|first4=Jo|date=2018-04-28|title=Masculinity, Social Connectedness, and Mental Health: Men's Diverse Patterns of Practice|journal=[[American Journal of Men's Health]]|language=en|volume=12|issue=5|pages=1247–1261|doi=10.1177/1557988318772732|issn=1557-9883|pmc=6142169|pmid=29708008}}</ref> Though male bonding and male friendships have been researched in contexts of [[anthropology]], [[psychology]], and [[sociology]], overall male bonding remains understudied. mpieuq26ntd0e96q9rw6vnen5bjy1ol 305913 305912 2026-05-24T13:20:15Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305913 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:02.22_副總統接見「世界衛生組織發展遲緩兒童親職技巧訓練-台灣執行計畫」石謹魁博士_(32231471013).jpg|thumb|[[Chen Chien-jen|Vice President Chen]] kinugos si Dr. Andy Shih, Taiwan, 2017]] Sa [[etolohiya]] asin [[social science]], an '''pagkakatood nin mga lalaki''' iyo an pagbilog nin ugos na personal relasyon, asin patterns nin [[pagkakatood]] o kooperasyon sa pag-ultanan nin mga lalaki. Male bonding is a form of [[homosociality]], or [[social connection]] between individuals of the same gender. Male bonding can occur through various contexts and activities that build emotional closeness, [[Trust (social science)|trust]], and [[wikt:camaraderie|camaraderie]]. Male bonding is an important feature of men's [[social functioning]] and can provide benefits including [[emotional support]] and [[intimacy]], shared identity, and personal fulfillment contributing to [[Men's health|men's mental health and wellbeing]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McKenzie|first1=Sarah K.|last2=Collings|first2=Sunny|last3=Jenkin|first3=Gabrielle|last4=River|first4=Jo|date=2018-04-28|title=Masculinity, Social Connectedness, and Mental Health: Men's Diverse Patterns of Practice|journal=[[American Journal of Men's Health]]|language=en|volume=12|issue=5|pages=1247–1261|doi=10.1177/1557988318772732|issn=1557-9883|pmc=6142169|pmid=29708008}}</ref> Though male bonding and male friendships have been researched in contexts of [[anthropology]], [[psychology]], and [[sociology]], overall male bonding remains understudied. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} c3yfy0d7aebsv3tf45rjkw71xjax1q6 305915 305913 2026-05-24T13:32:14Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305915 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:02.22_副總統接見「世界衛生組織發展遲緩兒童親職技巧訓練-台灣執行計畫」石謹魁博士_(32231471013).jpg|thumb|[[Chen Chien-jen|Vice President Chen]] kinugos si Dr. Andy Shih, Taiwan, 2017]] Sa [[etolohiya]] asin [[social science]], an '''pagkakatood nin mga lalaki''' iyo an pagbilog nin ugos na personal relasyon, asin patterns nin [[pagkakatood]] o kooperasyon sa pag-ultanan nin mga lalaki. Male bonding is a form of [[homosociality]], or [[social connection]] between individuals of the same gender. Male bonding can occur through various contexts and activities that build emotional closeness, [[Trust (social science)|trust]], and [[wikt:camaraderie|camaraderie]]. Male bonding is an important feature of men's [[social functioning]] and can provide benefits including [[emotional support]] and [[intimacy]], shared identity, and personal fulfillment contributing to [[Men's health|men's mental health and wellbeing]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McKenzie|first1=Sarah K.|last2=Collings|first2=Sunny|last3=Jenkin|first3=Gabrielle|last4=River|first4=Jo|date=2018-04-28|title=Masculinity, Social Connectedness, and Mental Health: Men's Diverse Patterns of Practice|journal=[[American Journal of Men's Health]]|language=en|volume=12|issue=5|pages=1247–1261|doi=10.1177/1557988318772732|issn=1557-9883|pmc=6142169|pmid=29708008}}</ref> Minsan ngani an pagkakatood nin mga lalaki sinaligsig na sa konteksto kan [[antropolohiya]], [[sikolohiya]], asin [[sosyolohiya]], sa pangkagabsan an pagkakatood nin mga lalaki nagdadanay na dai pa naaadalan nin marhay. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 1jbdjx2vs4t4km04i9eldt5vjrr7eba 305916 305915 2026-05-24T13:35:11Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305916 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:02.22_副總統接見「世界衛生組織發展遲緩兒童親職技巧訓練-台灣執行計畫」石謹魁博士_(32231471013).jpg|thumb|[[Chen Chien-jen|Vice President Chen]] kinugos si Dr. Andy Shih, Taiwan, 2017]] Sa [[etolohiya]] asin [[social science]], an '''pagkakatood nin mga lalaki''' iyo an pagbilog nin ugos na personal relasyon, asin patterns nin [[pagkakatood]] o kooperasyon sa pag-ultanan nin mga lalaki. Male bonding is a form of [[homosociality]], or [[social connection]] between individuals of the same gender. Male bonding can occur through various contexts and activities that build emotional closeness, [[Trust (social science)|trust]], and [[wikt:camaraderie|camaraderie]]. An pagkakatood nin mga lalaki iyo an sarong importanteng tampok kan [[social functioning]] kan kalalakihan asin pwedeng magtaong benepisyo siring kan [[emotional support]] asin [[intimacy]], parehong identidad, asin personal fulfillment na nagkokontribwir sa [[Salud nin kalalakihan|salud sa pag-iisip nin kalalakihan]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McKenzie|first1=Sarah K.|last2=Collings|first2=Sunny|last3=Jenkin|first3=Gabrielle|last4=River|first4=Jo|date=2018-04-28|title=Masculinity, Social Connectedness, and Mental Health: Men's Diverse Patterns of Practice|journal=[[American Journal of Men's Health]]|language=en|volume=12|issue=5|pages=1247–1261|doi=10.1177/1557988318772732|issn=1557-9883|pmc=6142169|pmid=29708008}}</ref> Minsan ngani an pagkakatood nin mga lalaki sinaligsig na sa konteksto kan [[antropolohiya]], [[sikolohiya]], asin [[sosyolohiya]], sa pangkagabsan an pagkakatood nin mga lalaki nagdadanay na dai pa naaadalan nin marhay. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 0m4i7tj32njheaa9cs2s5qvy9axf8oc 305917 305916 2026-05-24T13:36:47Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305917 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:02.22_副總統接見「世界衛生組織發展遲緩兒童親職技巧訓練-台灣執行計畫」石謹魁博士_(32231471013).jpg|thumb|[[Chen Chien-jen|Vice President Chen]] kinugos si Dr. Andy Shih, Taiwan, 2017]] Sa [[etolohiya]] asin [[social science]], an '''pagkakatood nin mga lalaki''' iyo an pagbilog nin ugos na personal relasyon, asin patterns nin [[pagkakatood]] o kooperasyon sa pag-ultanan nin mga lalaki. An pagkakatood nin mga lalaki iyo an sarong porma nin [[homososyalidad]], o [[social connection]] sa pag-ultanan nin mga indibidwal kan parehong sekso. Male bonding can occur through various contexts and activities that build emotional closeness, [[Trust (social science)|trust]], and [[wikt:camaraderie|camaraderie]]. An pagkakatood nin mga lalaki iyo an sarong importanteng tampok kan [[social functioning]] kan kalalakihan asin pwedeng magtaong benepisyo siring kan [[emotional support]] asin [[intimacy]], parehong identidad, asin personal fulfillment na nagkokontribwir sa [[Salud nin kalalakihan|salud sa pag-iisip nin kalalakihan]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McKenzie|first1=Sarah K.|last2=Collings|first2=Sunny|last3=Jenkin|first3=Gabrielle|last4=River|first4=Jo|date=2018-04-28|title=Masculinity, Social Connectedness, and Mental Health: Men's Diverse Patterns of Practice|journal=[[American Journal of Men's Health]]|language=en|volume=12|issue=5|pages=1247–1261|doi=10.1177/1557988318772732|issn=1557-9883|pmc=6142169|pmid=29708008}}</ref> Minsan ngani an pagkakatood nin mga lalaki sinaligsig na sa konteksto kan [[antropolohiya]], [[sikolohiya]], asin [[sosyolohiya]], sa pangkagabsan an pagkakatood nin mga lalaki nagdadanay na dai pa naaadalan nin marhay. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} q5n9ntv0d6f3wsl3x04fmmaocpxs5j1 305918 305917 2026-05-24T13:38:57Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305918 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:02.22_副總統接見「世界衛生組織發展遲緩兒童親職技巧訓練-台灣執行計畫」石謹魁博士_(32231471013).jpg|thumb|[[Chen Chien-jen|Vice President Chen]] kinugos si Dr. Andy Shih, Taiwan, 2017]] Sa [[etolohiya]] asin [[social science]], an '''pagkakatood nin mga lalaki''' iyo an pagbilog nin ugos na personal relasyon, asin patterns nin [[pagkakatood]] o kooperasyon sa pag-ultanan nin mga lalaki. An pagkakatood nin mga lalaki iyo an sarong porma nin [[homososyalidad]], o [[social connection]] sa pag-ultanan nin mga indibidwal kan parehong sekso. An pagkakatood nin mga lalaki pwedeng mangyari sa paagi kan manlaenlaen na mga konteksto asin mga aktibidad na nagtutugdok nin emosyonal na pagigin ugos, [[Trust (social science)|tiwala]], asin [[wikt:camaraderie|camaraderie]]. An pagkakatood nin mga lalaki iyo an sarong importanteng tampok kan [[social functioning]] kan kalalakihan asin pwedeng magtaong benepisyo siring kan [[emotional support]] asin [[intimacy]], parehong identidad, asin personal fulfillment na nagkokontribwir sa [[Salud nin kalalakihan|salud sa pag-iisip nin kalalakihan]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McKenzie|first1=Sarah K.|last2=Collings|first2=Sunny|last3=Jenkin|first3=Gabrielle|last4=River|first4=Jo|date=2018-04-28|title=Masculinity, Social Connectedness, and Mental Health: Men's Diverse Patterns of Practice|journal=[[American Journal of Men's Health]]|language=en|volume=12|issue=5|pages=1247–1261|doi=10.1177/1557988318772732|issn=1557-9883|pmc=6142169|pmid=29708008}}</ref> Minsan ngani an pagkakatood nin mga lalaki sinaligsig na sa konteksto kan [[antropolohiya]], [[sikolohiya]], asin [[sosyolohiya]], sa pangkagabsan an pagkakatood nin mga lalaki nagdadanay na dai pa naaadalan nin marhay. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} al4ugm2je0n1pxiantfunmil84xaxr2 0 56399 305920 2026-05-24T17:37:07Z ~2026-31069-64 31484 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Automatic taxobox |image = Adenanthera pavonina.jpg |taxon = Adenanthera |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] (1753)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?177 |title=Adenanthera L. |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=1999-03-05 |accessdate=2009-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507004314/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl..." 305920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox |image = Adenanthera pavonina.jpg |taxon = Adenanthera |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]] (1753)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?177 |title=Adenanthera L. |work=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Agriculture]] |date=1999-03-05 |accessdate=2009-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507004314/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?177 |archive-date=2009-05-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |subdivision_ranks = Mga species |subdivision = hilingon an teksto |synonyms = * ''Gonsii'' <small>Adans. (1763)</small> |synonyms_ref = <ref name="powo">[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:21576-1 ''Adenanthera'' L.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 8 August 2023.</ref> }} An '''''Adenanthera''''' sarong genus nin mga [[namumurak na tinanom]] sa pamilya [[Fabaceae]]. Susog ki Flora of Hong Kong (2008), an genus binibilog nin sampulong species na nangyayari sa tropikal na Asya asin sa mga Isla kan Pasipiko, alagad an ''A. microsperma'' sana an yaon sa kontinente kan Tsina asin Hong Kong<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adenanthera L. |url=https://www.herbarium.gov.hk/en/hk-plant-database/plant-detail/index.html?pType=genus&oID=3583 |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=HK Herbarium}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adenanthera microsperma Teijsm. & Binn. |url=https://www.herbarium.gov.hk/en/hk-plant-database/plant-detail/index.html?pType=species&oID=3017 |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=HK Herbarium}}</ref> == Mga species == Kan Marso 2026, igwa ining minasunod na 12 species:<ref name="powo"/> * ''[[Adenanthera abrosperma]]'' <small>F. Muell.</small> * ''[[Adenanthera aglaosperma]]'' <small>Alston</small>, syn. ''Adenanthera bicolor'' ([[Sri Lanka]]) * ''[[Adenanthera borneensis]]'' <small>Brace ex Prain</small> * ''[[Adenanthera forbesii]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small> * ''[[Adenanthera intermedia]]'' <small>[[Elmer Drew Merrill|Merr.]]</small> ([[Philippines]]) * ''[[Adenanthera kostermansii]]'' <small>I.C. Nielsen</small> * ''[[Adenanthera malayana]]'' <small>Kosterm.</small> * ''[[Adenanthera mantaroa]]'' <small>Villiers</small> * ''[[Adenanthera marina]]'' <small>I.C. Nielsen</small> * ''[[Adenanthera microsperma]]'' <small>Teijsm. & Binn.</small> * ''[[Adenanthera novoguineensis]]'' <small>Baker f.</small> * ''[[Adenanthera pavonina]]'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]</small> - Coralwood ([[India]]) [[Image:Adenanthera pavonina seeds.jpg|thumb|Seeds]] ==Toltolan== {{Reflist}} {{stub}} 30w9h7a85gmtqgzwti5erch9zyrh9cb 0 56400 305923 2026-05-24T21:14:58Z ~2026-31070-14 31486 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "XNXX." 305923 wikitext text/x-wiki XNXX. 8grvp5qc0xhrphvbyemelkg3glp9yb8 0 56401 305925 2026-05-25T00:40:23Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1325107886|Men's health]]" 305925 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Men's_health_icon.jpg|alt=Symbol of Mars, representing men and symbol of the staff of Hermes, representing medicine|thumb|A symbol of men's health. The [[Rod of Asclepius]] (blue) overlaying the male [[gender symbol]] (black).]] '''Men's health''' is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being as experienced by men, and not merely the absence of [[disease]].<ref>WHO Definition of Health. {{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707120526/http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|archive-date=2016-07-07}} Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2019}} Differences in men's health [[Women's health|compared to women's]] can be attributed to biological factors, behavioral factors, and social factors (e.g., occupations).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html|title=Men's Health|website=medlineplus.gov|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2019}} Men's health often relates to biological factors such as the [[male reproductive system]] or conditions caused by hormones specific to, or most notable in, males. Some conditions that affect both men and women, such as [[cancer]], and [[Occupational fatality|injury]], manifest differently in men.<ref>Almost Every Type of Cancer Kills More Men Than Women, Study Shows https://healthland.time.com/2011/07/13/almost-every-type-of-cancer-kills-more-men-than-women-study-shows/ Time, 13 July 2011</ref> Some diseases that affect both sexes are [[Gender disparities in health|statistically more common in men]]. In terms of behavioral factors, men are more likely to make unhealthy or risky choices and less likely to seek medical care. Men may face issues not directly related to their biology, such as gender-differentiated access to medical treatment and other [[socioeconomic]] factors.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=1447828|pmid=12721133|volume=93|issue=5|title=The health of men: structured inequalities and opportunities|year=2003|journal=Am J Public Health|pages=724–31|author=Williams DR|doi=10.2105/ajph.93.5.724}}</ref><ref>"Men's Health and Primary Care: Improving Access and Outcomes". http://www.ecoo.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/mens-health-and-primary-care-emhf-roundtable-report.2013.medium-res.pdf</ref><ref>"The State of Men's Health in Europe". http://ec.europa.eu/health/population_groups/docs/men_health_report_en.pdf {{ISBN|978-92-79-20167-7}} doi:10.2772/60721</ref> Outside Subsaharan Africa, men are at greater risk of [[HIV/AIDS]]. This is associated with [[HIV and men who have sex with men|unsafe]] sexual activity that is often [[Rape of males|nonconsensual]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gender Statistics Manual|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/HIV-and-AIDS.ashx|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=May 2015|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Is the US the only country where more men are raped than women?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/feb/21/us-more-men-raped-than-women|work=The Guardian|date=21 February 2012|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> noszc6fipqerd2zwrwzytasw94787tj 305926 305925 2026-05-25T00:43:31Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305926 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Men's_health_icon.jpg|alt=Symbol of Mars, representing men and symbol of the staff of Hermes, representing medicine|thumb|A symbol of men's health. The [[Rod of Asclepius]] (blue) overlaying the male [[gender symbol]] (black).]] An '''salud nin kalalakihan''' iyo an sarong kamugtakan nin kompletong pisikal, mental, asin social well-being bilang naeeksperyensyahan kan kalalakihan, asin bako na iyo an kawaran nin [[hilang]].<ref>WHO Definition of Health. {{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707120526/http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|archive-date=2016-07-07}} Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2019}} Differences in men's health [[Women's health|compared to women's]] can be attributed to biological factors, behavioral factors, and social factors (e.g., occupations).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html|title=Men's Health|website=medlineplus.gov|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=November 2019}} Men's health often relates to biological factors such as the [[male reproductive system]] or conditions caused by hormones specific to, or most notable in, males. Some conditions that affect both men and women, such as [[cancer]], and [[Occupational fatality|injury]], manifest differently in men.<ref>Almost Every Type of Cancer Kills More Men Than Women, Study Shows https://healthland.time.com/2011/07/13/almost-every-type-of-cancer-kills-more-men-than-women-study-shows/ Time, 13 July 2011</ref> Some diseases that affect both sexes are [[Gender disparities in health|statistically more common in men]]. In terms of behavioral factors, men are more likely to make unhealthy or risky choices and less likely to seek medical care. Men may face issues not directly related to their biology, such as gender-differentiated access to medical treatment and other [[socioeconomic]] factors.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=1447828|pmid=12721133|volume=93|issue=5|title=The health of men: structured inequalities and opportunities|year=2003|journal=Am J Public Health|pages=724–31|author=Williams DR|doi=10.2105/ajph.93.5.724}}</ref><ref>"Men's Health and Primary Care: Improving Access and Outcomes". http://www.ecoo.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/mens-health-and-primary-care-emhf-roundtable-report.2013.medium-res.pdf</ref><ref>"The State of Men's Health in Europe". http://ec.europa.eu/health/population_groups/docs/men_health_report_en.pdf {{ISBN|978-92-79-20167-7}} doi:10.2772/60721</ref> Outside Subsaharan Africa, men are at greater risk of [[HIV/AIDS]]. This is associated with [[HIV and men who have sex with men|unsafe]] sexual activity that is often [[Rape of males|nonconsensual]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gender Statistics Manual|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/HIV-and-AIDS.ashx|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=May 2015|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Is the US the only country where more men are raped than women?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/feb/21/us-more-men-raped-than-women|work=The Guardian|date=21 February 2012|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} g3gw0n01rivtmvtfgtgt2o049s2fyqj 305927 305926 2026-05-25T00:47:27Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305927 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Men's_health_icon.jpg|alt=Symbol of Mars, representing men and symbol of the staff of Hermes, representing medicine|thumb|A symbol of men's health. An [[Sugkod ni Esculapio]] (asul) nakaibabaw sa panlalaking [[simbolo nin sekso]] (itom).]] An '''salud nin kalalakihan''' iyo an sarong kamugtakan nin kompletong pisikal, mental, asin social well-being bilang naeeksperyensyahan kan kalalakihan, asin bako na iyo an kawaran nin [[helang]].<ref>WHO Definition of Health. {{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707120526/http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|archive-date=2016-07-07}} Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html|title=Men's Health|website=medlineplus.gov|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> Men's health often relates to biological factors such as the [[male reproductive system]] or conditions caused by hormones specific to, or most notable in, males. Some conditions that affect both men and women, such as [[cancer]], and [[Occupational fatality|injury]], manifest differently in men.<ref>Almost Every Type of Cancer Kills More Men Than Women, Study Shows https://healthland.time.com/2011/07/13/almost-every-type-of-cancer-kills-more-men-than-women-study-shows/ Time, 13 July 2011</ref> Some diseases that affect both sexes are [[Gender disparities in health|statistically more common in men]]. In terms of behavioral factors, men are more likely to make unhealthy or risky choices and less likely to seek medical care. Men may face issues not directly related to their biology, such as gender-differentiated access to medical treatment and other [[socioeconomic]] factors.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=1447828|pmid=12721133|volume=93|issue=5|title=The health of men: structured inequalities and opportunities|year=2003|journal=Am J Public Health|pages=724–31|author=Williams DR|doi=10.2105/ajph.93.5.724}}</ref><ref>"Men's Health and Primary Care: Improving Access and Outcomes". http://www.ecoo.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/mens-health-and-primary-care-emhf-roundtable-report.2013.medium-res.pdf</ref><ref>"The State of Men's Health in Europe". http://ec.europa.eu/health/population_groups/docs/men_health_report_en.pdf {{ISBN|978-92-79-20167-7}} doi:10.2772/60721</ref> Outside Subsaharan Africa, men are at greater risk of [[HIV/AIDS]]. This is associated with [[HIV and men who have sex with men|unsafe]] sexual activity that is often [[Rape of males|nonconsensual]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gender Statistics Manual|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/HIV-and-AIDS.ashx|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=May 2015|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Is the US the only country where more men are raped than women?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/feb/21/us-more-men-raped-than-women|work=The Guardian|date=21 February 2012|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} ji90e59itz243e4yyz4q8dcbmfqer1g 305928 305927 2026-05-25T00:53:14Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305928 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Men's_health_icon.jpg|alt=Symbol of Mars, representing men and symbol of the staff of Hermes, representing medicine|thumb|A symbol of men's health. An [[Sugkod ni Esculapio]] (asul) nakaibabaw sa panlalaking [[simbolo nin sekso]] (itom).]] An '''salud nin kalalakihan''' iyo an sarong kamugtakan nin kompletong pisikal, mental, asin social well-being bilang naeeksperyensyahan kan kalalakihan, asin bako na iyo an kawaran nin [[helang]].<ref>WHO Definition of Health. {{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707120526/http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|archive-date=2016-07-07}} Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html|title=Men's Health|website=medlineplus.gov|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> An salud nin kalalakihan parating igwang kinaaraman sa mga biyolohikong factors siring kan [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]] o mga kamugtakan na kawsa kan hormona na espesipiko sa, o urog na mahihiling sa kalalakihan. An ibang mga kondisyon naaapektuhan an mga lalaki asin mga babayi, siring kan [[kanser]], asin [[Occupational fatality|injury]], minamanifest nin laen sa mga lalaki.<ref>Almost Every Type of Cancer Kills More Men Than Women, Study Shows https://healthland.time.com/2011/07/13/almost-every-type-of-cancer-kills-more-men-than-women-study-shows/ Time, 13 July 2011</ref> Some diseases that affect both sexes are [[Gender disparities in health|statistically more common in men]]. In terms of behavioral factors, men are more likely to make unhealthy or risky choices and less likely to seek medical care. Men may face issues not directly related to their biology, such as gender-differentiated access to medical treatment and other [[socioeconomic]] factors.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=1447828|pmid=12721133|volume=93|issue=5|title=The health of men: structured inequalities and opportunities|year=2003|journal=Am J Public Health|pages=724–31|author=Williams DR|doi=10.2105/ajph.93.5.724}}</ref><ref>"Men's Health and Primary Care: Improving Access and Outcomes". http://www.ecoo.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/mens-health-and-primary-care-emhf-roundtable-report.2013.medium-res.pdf</ref><ref>"The State of Men's Health in Europe". http://ec.europa.eu/health/population_groups/docs/men_health_report_en.pdf {{ISBN|978-92-79-20167-7}} doi:10.2772/60721</ref> Outside Subsaharan Africa, men are at greater risk of [[HIV/AIDS]]. This is associated with [[HIV and men who have sex with men|unsafe]] sexual activity that is often [[Rape of males|nonconsensual]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gender Statistics Manual|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/HIV-and-AIDS.ashx|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=May 2015|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Is the US the only country where more men are raped than women?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/feb/21/us-more-men-raped-than-women|work=The Guardian|date=21 February 2012|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} q6npsyn1ah7omckoxyfd27613b8dgf5 305929 305928 2026-05-25T00:57:29Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305929 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Men's_health_icon.jpg|alt=Symbol of Mars, representing men and symbol of the staff of Hermes, representing medicine|thumb|An simbolon kan salud nin kalalakihan. An [[Sugkod ni Esculapio]] (asul) nakaibabaw sa panlalaking [[simbolo nin sekso]] (itom).]] An '''salud nin kalalakihan''' iyo an sarong kamugtakan nin kompletong pisikal, mental, asin social well-being bilang naeeksperyensyahan kan kalalakihan, asin bako na iyo an kawaran nin [[helang]].<ref>WHO Definition of Health. {{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707120526/http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|archive-date=2016-07-07}} Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html|title=Men's Health|website=medlineplus.gov|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> An salud nin kalalakihan parating igwang kinaaraman sa mga biyolohikong factors siring kan [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]] o mga kamugtakan na kawsa kan hormona na espesipiko sa, o urog na mahihiling sa kalalakihan. An ibang mga kondisyon naaapektuhan an mga lalaki asin mga babayi, siring kan [[kanser]], asin [[Occupational fatality|injury]], minamanifest nin laen sa mga lalaki.<ref>Almost Every Type of Cancer Kills More Men Than Women, Study Shows https://healthland.time.com/2011/07/13/almost-every-type-of-cancer-kills-more-men-than-women-study-shows/ Time, 13 July 2011</ref> An ibang helang na nakakaapekto sa duwang sekso iyo an [[Gender disparities in health|urog na komun sa mga lalaki susog sa estadistika]]. Pag-abot sa behavioral factors, an mga lalaki iyo an posibleng magin bakong mabaskog o makagibo nin delikadong pagpipilian asin bakong posibleng marhay na maghanap nin medikong pag-ataman. Men may face issues not directly related to their biology, such as gender-differentiated access to medical treatment and other [[socioeconomic]] factors.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=1447828|pmid=12721133|volume=93|issue=5|title=The health of men: structured inequalities and opportunities|year=2003|journal=Am J Public Health|pages=724–31|author=Williams DR|doi=10.2105/ajph.93.5.724}}</ref><ref>"Men's Health and Primary Care: Improving Access and Outcomes". http://www.ecoo.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/mens-health-and-primary-care-emhf-roundtable-report.2013.medium-res.pdf</ref><ref>"The State of Men's Health in Europe". http://ec.europa.eu/health/population_groups/docs/men_health_report_en.pdf {{ISBN|978-92-79-20167-7}} doi:10.2772/60721</ref> Outside Subsaharan Africa, men are at greater risk of [[HIV/AIDS]]. This is associated with [[HIV and men who have sex with men|unsafe]] sexual activity that is often [[Rape of males|nonconsensual]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gender Statistics Manual|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/HIV-and-AIDS.ashx|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=May 2015|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Is the US the only country where more men are raped than women?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/feb/21/us-more-men-raped-than-women|work=The Guardian|date=21 February 2012|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} e5muadxr7tzm8xp9es8gjmnyj2b2rvy 305930 305929 2026-05-25T01:01:56Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305930 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Men's_health_icon.jpg|alt=Symbol of Mars, representing men and symbol of the staff of Hermes, representing medicine|thumb|An simbolon kan salud nin kalalakihan. An [[Sugkod ni Esculapio]] (asul) nakaibabaw sa panlalaking [[simbolo nin sekso]] (itom).]] An '''salud nin kalalakihan''' iyo an sarong kamugtakan nin kompletong pisikal, mental, asin social well-being bilang naeeksperyensyahan kan kalalakihan, asin bako na iyo an kawaran nin [[helang]].<ref>WHO Definition of Health. {{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|title=Archived copy|access-date=2016-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707120526/http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.html|archive-date=2016-07-07}} Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medlineplus.gov/menshealth.html|title=Men's Health|website=medlineplus.gov|access-date=2019-10-31}}</ref> An salud nin kalalakihan parating igwang kinaaraman sa mga biyolohikong factors siring kan [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]] o mga kamugtakan na kawsa kan hormona na espesipiko sa, o urog na mahihiling sa kalalakihan. An ibang mga kondisyon naaapektuhan an mga lalaki asin mga babayi, siring kan [[kanser]], asin [[Occupational fatality|injury]], minamanifest nin laen sa mga lalaki.<ref>Almost Every Type of Cancer Kills More Men Than Women, Study Shows https://healthland.time.com/2011/07/13/almost-every-type-of-cancer-kills-more-men-than-women-study-shows/ Time, 13 July 2011</ref> An ibang helang na nakakaapekto sa duwang sekso iyo an [[Gender disparities in health|urog na komun sa mga lalaki susog sa estadistika]]. Pag-abot sa behavioral factors, an mga lalaki iyo an posibleng magin bakong mabaskog o makagibo nin delikadong pagpipilian asin bakong posibleng marhay na maghanap nin medikong pag-ataman. An mga lalaki nag-aatubang nin mga isyu na bakong direktang may kinaaraman sa saindang biolohiya, siring kan gender-differentiated access sa medical treatment asin iba pang [[sosyoekonomiko]]ng factors.<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=1447828|pmid=12721133|volume=93|issue=5|title=The health of men: structured inequalities and opportunities|year=2003|journal=Am J Public Health|pages=724–31|author=Williams DR|doi=10.2105/ajph.93.5.724}}</ref><ref>"Men's Health and Primary Care: Improving Access and Outcomes". http://www.ecoo.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/mens-health-and-primary-care-emhf-roundtable-report.2013.medium-res.pdf</ref><ref>"The State of Men's Health in Europe". http://ec.europa.eu/health/population_groups/docs/men_health_report_en.pdf {{ISBN|978-92-79-20167-7}} doi:10.2772/60721</ref> Sa luwas kan Aprikang Subsahara, an mga lalaki yaon sa dakulang peligro nin [[HIV/AIDS]]. Asosasyado ini sa [[HIV asin mga lalaking nakikidurog sa kapwa lalaki|bakong ligtas]] na sekswal na aktibidad na parating [[Rape of males|nonconsensual]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Gender Statistics Manual|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/genderstatmanual/HIV-and-AIDS.ashx|publisher=United Nations Statistics Division|date=May 2015|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Is the US the only country where more men are raped than women?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2012/feb/21/us-more-men-raped-than-women|work=The Guardian|date=21 February 2012|access-date=29 November 2015}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 50f2zank9t7a160vvo7b0ynamk61e8b 0 56402 305931 2026-05-25T01:05:56Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352024464|HIV and men who have sex with men]]" 305931 wikitext text/x-wiki Since reports of emergence and spread of the [[HIV|human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV) in the [[United States]] between the 1970s and 1980s,<ref name="origins.osu.edu">{{cite web|last=McDow|first=Thomas F.|date=October 2018|title=A Century of HIV|url=https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|url-status=live|location=[[Columbus, Ohio]]|publisher=[[Ohio State University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155732/https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|archive-date=21 January 2022|access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> the HIV/AIDS epidemic has frequently been linked to [[gay]], [[bisexual]], and other [[men who have sex with men]] (MSM) by epidemiologists and medical professionals.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /> It was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of [[Kaposi's sarcoma]] and [[pneumocystis pneumonia]] in homosexual men in [[Los Angeles]], [[New York City]], and [[San Francisco]] in 1981.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 11, 2016|title=A Timeline of HIV and AIDS|url=https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline|access-date=March 9, 2022|website=HIV.gov|language=en}}</ref> The first official report on the virus was published by the [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) on June 5, 1981, and detailed the cases of five young gay men who were hospitalized with serious infections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm|title=Pneumocystis Pneumonia --- Los Angeles|date=June 5, 1981|website=CDC|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> A month later, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that 41 homosexuals had been diagnosed with [[Kaposi's sarcoma]], and eight had died less than 24 months after the diagnosis was made.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html?&pagewanted=2|last=Altman|first=Lawrence|title=Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals|date=July 3, 1981|website=The New York Times|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> aueu22c84vjgtkgzvxhoaqcf7llk5kr 305932 305931 2026-05-25T01:10:19Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305932 wikitext text/x-wiki Poon sa mga report kan pagbutwa asin paglakop kan [[HIV|human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV) sa [[Estados Unidos]] sa pag-ultanan kan dekada 1970 asin 1980,<ref name="origins.osu.edu">{{cite web|last=McDow|first=Thomas F.|date=October 2018|title=A Century of HIV|url=https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|url-status=live|location=[[Columbus, Ohio]]|publisher=[[Ohio State University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155732/https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|archive-date=21 January 2022|access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> an epidemyang HIV/AIDS nagin parating pigtatakod sa mga [[bakla]], [[bisexual]], asin iba pang [[lalaking nakikidurog sa kapwa lalaki]] susog sa mga epidemiologo asin mga propesyonal sa medisina.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /> It was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of [[Kaposi's sarcoma]] and [[pneumocystis pneumonia]] in homosexual men in [[Los Angeles]], [[New York City]], and [[San Francisco]] in 1981.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 11, 2016|title=A Timeline of HIV and AIDS|url=https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline|access-date=March 9, 2022|website=HIV.gov|language=en}}</ref> The first official report on the virus was published by the [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) on June 5, 1981, and detailed the cases of five young gay men who were hospitalized with serious infections.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm|title=Pneumocystis Pneumonia --- Los Angeles|date=June 5, 1981|website=CDC|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> A month later, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that 41 homosexuals had been diagnosed with [[Kaposi's sarcoma]], and eight had died less than 24 months after the diagnosis was made.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html?&pagewanted=2|last=Altman|first=Lawrence|title=Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals|date=July 3, 1981|website=The New York Times|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 4hf2njeaz9nq3hky56txgn0i1ii85pk 305933 305932 2026-05-25T01:14:51Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305933 wikitext text/x-wiki Poon sa mga report kan pagbutwa asin paglakop kan [[HIV|human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV) sa [[Estados Unidos]] sa pag-ultanan kan dekada 1970 asin 1980,<ref name="origins.osu.edu">{{cite web|last=McDow|first=Thomas F.|date=October 2018|title=A Century of HIV|url=https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|url-status=live|location=[[Columbus, Ohio]]|publisher=[[Ohio State University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155732/https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|archive-date=21 January 2022|access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> an epidemyang HIV/AIDS nagin parating pigtatakod sa mga [[bakla]], [[bisexual]], asin iba pang [[lalaking nakikidurog sa kapwa lalaki]] susog sa mga epidemiologo asin mga propesyonal sa medisina.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /> Enot iyan na nanotaran pagkatapos na madukayan kan mga doktor an kumpol nin [[Kaposi's sarcoma]] asin [[pneumocystis pneumonia]] sa mga homosekswal na lalaki sa [[Los Angeles]], [[New York City]], asin [[San Francisco]] kaidtong 1981.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 11, 2016|title=A Timeline of HIV and AIDS|url=https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline|access-date=March 9, 2022|website=HIV.gov|language=en}}</ref> An enot na opisyal na report sa virus pinumlikar kan [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) kaidtong Hunyo 5, 1981, asin dinetalye an mga kaso kan limang hoben na baklang lalak na naospital na igwang mga seryosong impeksyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm|title=Pneumocystis Pneumonia --- Los Angeles|date=June 5, 1981|website=CDC|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> A month later, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that 41 homosexuals had been diagnosed with [[Kaposi's sarcoma]], and eight had died less than 24 months after the diagnosis was made.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html?&pagewanted=2|last=Altman|first=Lawrence|title=Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals|date=July 3, 1981|website=The New York Times|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} naiftrp8xyw7wj3rokvnb4ib5y872i2 305935 305933 2026-05-25T01:17:04Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305935 wikitext text/x-wiki Poon sa mga report kan pagbutwa asin paglakop kan [[HIV|human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV) sa [[Estados Unidos]] sa pag-ultanan kan dekada 1970 asin 1980,<ref name="origins.osu.edu">{{cite web|last=McDow|first=Thomas F.|date=October 2018|title=A Century of HIV|url=https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|url-status=live|location=[[Columbus, Ohio]]|publisher=[[Ohio State University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155732/https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|archive-date=21 January 2022|access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> an epidemyang HIV/AIDS nagin parating pigtatakod sa mga [[bakla]], [[bisexual]], asin iba pang [[lalaking nakikidurog sa kapwa lalaki]] susog sa mga epidemiologo asin mga propesyonal sa medisina.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /> Enot iyan na nanotaran pagkatapos na madukayan kan mga doktor an kumpol nin [[Kaposi's sarcoma]] asin [[pneumocystis pneumonia]] sa mga homosekswal na lalaki sa [[Los Angeles]], [[New York City]], asin [[San Francisco]] kaidtong 1981.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 11, 2016|title=A Timeline of HIV and AIDS|url=https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline|access-date=March 9, 2022|website=HIV.gov|language=en}}</ref> An enot na opisyal na report sa virus pinublikar kan [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) kaidtong Hunyo 5, 1981, asin dinetalye an mga kaso kan limang hoben na baklang lalak na naospital na igwang mga seryosong impeksyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm|title=Pneumocystis Pneumonia --- Los Angeles|date=June 5, 1981|website=CDC|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> Sarong bulan an nakaagi, rineport kan ''[[The New York Times]]'' na igwang 41 homosekswal an nadayagnos na igwang [[Kaposi's sarcoma]], asin walo an nagadan dai pa uminabot sa 24 na bulan pagkatapos na gibohon an diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html?&pagewanted=2|last=Altman|first=Lawrence|title=Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals|date=July 3, 1981|website=The New York Times|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 8jjai0t65xsq004fewubqgixm30ptda 305937 305935 2026-05-25T01:17:38Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305937 wikitext text/x-wiki Poon sa mga report kan pagbutwa asin paglakop kan [[HIV|human immunodeficiency virus]] (HIV) sa [[Estados Unidos]] sa pag-ultanan kan dekada 1970 asin 1980,<ref name="origins.osu.edu">{{cite web|last=McDow|first=Thomas F.|date=October 2018|title=A Century of HIV|url=https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|url-status=live|location=[[Columbus, Ohio]]|publisher=[[Ohio State University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155732/https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en|archive-date=21 January 2022|access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> an epidemyang HIV/AIDS nagin parating pigtatakod sa mga [[bakla]], [[Bisekswalidad|bisexual]], asin iba pang [[lalaking nakikidurog sa kapwa lalaki]] susog sa mga epidemiologo asin mga propesyonal sa medisina.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /> Enot iyan na nanotaran pagkatapos na madukayan kan mga doktor an kumpol nin [[Kaposi's sarcoma]] asin [[pneumocystis pneumonia]] sa mga homosekswal na lalaki sa [[Los Angeles]], [[New York City]], asin [[San Francisco]] kaidtong 1981.<ref name="origins.osu.edu" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=May 11, 2016|title=A Timeline of HIV and AIDS|url=https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline|access-date=March 9, 2022|website=HIV.gov|language=en}}</ref> An enot na opisyal na report sa virus pinublikar kan [[Centers for Disease Control]] (CDC) kaidtong Hunyo 5, 1981, asin dinetalye an mga kaso kan limang hoben na baklang lalak na naospital na igwang mga seryosong impeksyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm|title=Pneumocystis Pneumonia --- Los Angeles|date=June 5, 1981|website=CDC|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> Sarong bulan an nakaagi, rineport kan ''[[The New York Times]]'' na igwang 41 homosekswal an nadayagnos na igwang [[Kaposi's sarcoma]], asin walo an nagadan dai pa uminabot sa 24 na bulan pagkatapos na gibohon an diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html?&pagewanted=2|last=Altman|first=Lawrence|title=Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals|date=July 3, 1981|website=The New York Times|access-date=March 10, 2021}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} ss7kv8b381gtvgqd6aagy5z3dtsbxcu 0 56403 305938 2026-05-25T01:21:14Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347035221|Andrology]]" 305938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrology''' (from {{langx|grc|ἀνήρ}}, ''anēr'', [[genitive]] {{lang|grc|ἀνδρός}}, ''andros'' 'man' and {{lang|grc|-λογία}}, ''[[-logy|-logia]]'') is a name for the [[Medicine|medical specialty]] that deals with [[male]] health, particularly relating to the problems of the [[male reproductive system]] and [[Urology|urological]] problems that are unique to [[men]]. It is the parallel to [[gynecology]], which deals with medical issues which are specific to female health, especially reproductive and urologic health. ltac7bs7phdklcpe5sbwue0xuhwsc64 305940 305938 2026-05-25T01:25:13Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305940 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''androlohiya''' (gikan sa {{langx|grc|ἀνήρ}}, ''anēr'', [[genitive]] {{lang|grc|ἀνδρός}}, ''andros'' 'lalaki' asin {{lang|grc|-λογία}}, ''[[-logy|-logia]]'') iyo an ngaran para sa [[Medisina|medical specialty]] na nagtutukar sa salud kan mga [[lalaki]], urog na kapag igwang kinaaraman sa mga problema kan [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]] asin [[Urolohiya|urolohikong]] mga problema na daing-siring sa mga [[lalaki]]. It is the parallel to [[gynecology]], which deals with medical issues which are specific to female health, especially reproductive and urologic health. j8gamsubfo0sjzkfzu0r4uodztso1jq 305941 305940 2026-05-25T01:27:16Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305941 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''androlohiya''' (gikan sa {{langx|grc|ἀνήρ}}, ''anēr'', [[genitive]] {{lang|grc|ἀνδρός}}, ''andros'' 'lalaki' asin {{lang|grc|-λογία}}, ''[[-logy|-logia]]'') iyo an ngaran para sa [[Medisina|medical specialty]] na nagtutukar sa salud kan mga [[lalaki]], urog na kapag igwang kinaaraman sa mga problema kan [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]] asin [[Urolohiya|urolohikong]] mga problema na daing-siring sa mga [[lalaki]]. Iyo iyan an parallel sa [[gynecology]], na nagtutukar sa mga medikong isyu na espesipiko sa salud kan kababaihan, urog na an reproduktibo asin urolohikong salud. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 34an611ghtox5lk587zc0us1ydp5jom 305942 305941 2026-05-25T01:29:14Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305942 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''androlohiya''' (gikan sa {{langx|grc|ἀνήρ}}, ''anēr'', [[genitive]] {{lang|grc|ἀνδρός}}, ''andros'' 'lalaki' asin {{lang|grc|-λογία}}, ''[[-logy|-logia]]'') iyo an ngaran para sa [[Medisina|medical specialty]] na nagtutukar sa salud kan mga [[lalaki]], urog na kapag igwang kinaaraman sa mga problema kan [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]] asin [[Urolohiya|urolohikong]] mga problema na daing-siring sa mga [[lalaki]]. Iyo iyan an parallel sa [[hinekolohiya]], na nagtutukar sa mga medikong isyu na espesipiko sa salud kan kababaihan, urog na an reproduktibo asin urolohikong salud. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} ftzn9t2ngau9i04cfjggrs8wmf8kznz 0 56404 305943 2026-05-25T01:30:43Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354767495|Gynaecology]]" 305943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gynaecology''' (or '''gynecology''' in [[American English]]) is the area of [[medicine]] concerned with conditions affecting the [[female reproductive system]]. It is sometimes combined with the field of [[obstetrics]], which focuses on [[pregnancy]] and [[childbirth]], thereby forming the combined area of [[obstetrics and gynaecology]] (OB-GYN).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-02-02|title=Obstetrics and gynecology|url=https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/obstetrics-and-gynecology|access-date=2025-02-28|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en}}</ref> [[Ladawan:Female_genital_system_-_Sagittal_view.svg|alt=Female reproductive system|thumb|Diagram of the female reproductive system.]] Gynaecology encompasses [[Preventive healthcare|preventative care]], [[Sexual and reproductive health|sexual health]] and diagnosing and treating health issues arising from the female reproduction system, such as the uterus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and breasts; subspecialties include family planning; minimally invasive surgery; paediatric and adolescent gynaecology; and pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. Gynaecological care is discussed in the [[Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]] and the [[Hippocratic Corpus]], showing the ancient origins of the subject. [[J. Marion Sims]] contributed to the advancement of the specialism developing instruments such as the [[Sims' speculum|Sims speculum]], Pantaleoni completed the first hysteroscopy in 1869 and [[Georgios Papanikolaou|Papanikolaou]] first wrote about the [[pap smear]] in 1928. [[Transgender]], [[intersex]] and [[Non-binary gender|nonbinary]] individuals can require gynaecological care.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Antsaklis|first1=Aris|last2=Capito|first2=Lourdes B.|last3=Pandit|first3=Suchitra N.|date=2024-11-02|title=Ethics in the provision of obstetric and gynecologic health care for non-binary and transgender individuals|url=https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijgo.15925|journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics|language=en|volume=167|issue=3|pages=968–971|doi=10.1002/ijgo.15925|pmid=39487688|issn=0020-7292|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> Health disparities exist within gynaecology, which can impact women in low and middle income countries, minority groups in some countries and the [[LGBTQ people|LGBTQ+]] community d9yejw6mdqdfdp51vy5sm1vor217kis 305944 305943 2026-05-25T01:34:40Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305944 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''hinekolohiya''' iyo an rona nin [[medisina]] na igwang kinaaraman sa mga kondisyon na nakakaapekto sa [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]]. Kun minsan pigsasalak iyan sa lado kan [[obstetrics]], na nakapokus sa [[pagbados]] asin [[childbirth]], kaya baga naporma an sinalak na rona nin [[obstetrics asin hinekolohiya]] (OB-GYN).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-02-02|title=Obstetrics and gynecology|url=https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/obstetrics-and-gynecology|access-date=2025-02-28|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en}}</ref> [[Ladawan:Female_genital_system_-_Sagittal_view.svg|alt=Female reproductive system|thumb|Diagram of the female reproductive system.]] Gynaecology encompasses [[Preventive healthcare|preventative care]], [[Sexual and reproductive health|sexual health]] and diagnosing and treating health issues arising from the female reproduction system, such as the uterus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and breasts; subspecialties include family planning; minimally invasive surgery; paediatric and adolescent gynaecology; and pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. Gynaecological care is discussed in the [[Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]] and the [[Hippocratic Corpus]], showing the ancient origins of the subject. [[J. Marion Sims]] contributed to the advancement of the specialism developing instruments such as the [[Sims' speculum|Sims speculum]], Pantaleoni completed the first hysteroscopy in 1869 and [[Georgios Papanikolaou|Papanikolaou]] first wrote about the [[pap smear]] in 1928. [[Transgender]], [[intersex]] and [[Non-binary gender|nonbinary]] individuals can require gynaecological care.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Antsaklis|first1=Aris|last2=Capito|first2=Lourdes B.|last3=Pandit|first3=Suchitra N.|date=2024-11-02|title=Ethics in the provision of obstetric and gynecologic health care for non-binary and transgender individuals|url=https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijgo.15925|journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics|language=en|volume=167|issue=3|pages=968–971|doi=10.1002/ijgo.15925|pmid=39487688|issn=0020-7292|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> Health disparities exist within gynaecology, which can impact women in low and middle income countries, minority groups in some countries and the [[LGBTQ people|LGBTQ+]] community ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} dsip4udehbkd1dvnmgul55plwwvgu0c 305945 305944 2026-05-25T01:39:16Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305945 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''hinekolohiya''' iyo an rona nin [[medisina]] na igwang kinaaraman sa mga kondisyon na nakakaapekto sa [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]]. Kun minsan pigsasalak iyan sa lado kan [[obstetrics]], na nakapokus sa [[pagbados]] asin [[childbirth]], kaya baga naporma an sinalak na rona nin [[obstetrics asin hinekolohiya]] (OB-GYN).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-02-02|title=Obstetrics and gynecology|url=https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/obstetrics-and-gynecology|access-date=2025-02-28|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en}}</ref> [[Ladawan:Female_genital_system_-_Sagittal_view.svg|alt=Female reproductive system|thumb|Diagram of the female reproductive system.]] Gynaecology encompasses [[Preventive healthcare|preventative care]], [[Sexual and reproductive health|sexual health]] and diagnosing and treating health issues arising from the female reproduction system, such as the uterus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and breasts; subspecialties include family planning; minimally invasive surgery; paediatric and adolescent gynaecology; and pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery. Gynaecological care is discussed in the [[Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]] and the [[Hippocratic Corpus]], showing the ancient origins of the subject. [[J. Marion Sims]] contributed to the advancement of the specialism developing instruments such as the [[Sims' speculum|Sims speculum]], Pantaleoni completed the first hysteroscopy in 1869 and [[Georgios Papanikolaou|Papanikolaou]] first wrote about the [[pap smear]] in 1928. An mga indibidwal na [[transgender]], [[intersex]] asin [[Non-binary gender|nonbinary]] pwedeng mangaipo nin hinekolohikong pag-ataman.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Antsaklis|first1=Aris|last2=Capito|first2=Lourdes B.|last3=Pandit|first3=Suchitra N.|date=2024-11-02|title=Ethics in the provision of obstetric and gynecologic health care for non-binary and transgender individuals|url=https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijgo.15925|journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics|language=en|volume=167|issue=3|pages=968–971|doi=10.1002/ijgo.15925|pmid=39487688|issn=0020-7292|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> Nag-eeksister an pagkakalaen sa salud sa laog kan hinekolohiya, na pwedeng magkaigwang impact sa kababaihan sa mga nasyon na igwang hababa asin katahawan na sweldo, minoriyang grupo sa ibang mga nasyon asin sa komunidad kan mga [[Tawong LGBTQ|LGBTQ+]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} nehyqd8qr2ytx56u3y6odhs2y3s01gb 305948 305945 2026-05-25T01:42:54Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305948 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''hinekolohiya''' iyo an rona nin [[medisina]] na igwang kinaaraman sa mga kondisyon na nakakaapekto sa [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]]. Kun minsan pigsasalak iyan sa lado kan [[obstetrics]], na nakapokus sa [[pagbados]] asin [[childbirth]], kaya baga naporma an sinalak na rona nin [[obstetrics asin hinekolohiya]] (OB-GYN).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-02-02|title=Obstetrics and gynecology|url=https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/obstetrics-and-gynecology|access-date=2025-02-28|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en}}</ref> [[Ladawan:Female_genital_system_-_Sagittal_view.svg|alt=Female reproductive system|thumb|Diagram kan pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo.]] Nasasakupan kan hinekolohiya an [[Preventive healthcare|preventative care]], [[Sexual and reproductive health|sexual health]] asin pagdiagnos asin pagbulong sa isyu sa salud na minalataw gikan sa pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo, siring kan uterus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, obaryo, asin suso; an mga subespesyalidad siring kan pagpaplano nin pamilya; minimally invasive surgery; paediatric asin adolescent gynaecology; asin pelvic medicine asin reconstructive surgery. Gynaecological care is discussed in the [[Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]] and the [[Hippocratic Corpus]], showing the ancient origins of the subject. [[J. Marion Sims]] contributed to the advancement of the specialism developing instruments such as the [[Sims' speculum|Sims speculum]], Pantaleoni completed the first hysteroscopy in 1869 and [[Georgios Papanikolaou|Papanikolaou]] first wrote about the [[pap smear]] in 1928. An mga indibidwal na [[transgender]], [[intersex]] asin [[Non-binary gender|nonbinary]] pwedeng mangaipo nin hinekolohikong pag-ataman.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Antsaklis|first1=Aris|last2=Capito|first2=Lourdes B.|last3=Pandit|first3=Suchitra N.|date=2024-11-02|title=Ethics in the provision of obstetric and gynecologic health care for non-binary and transgender individuals|url=https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijgo.15925|journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics|language=en|volume=167|issue=3|pages=968–971|doi=10.1002/ijgo.15925|pmid=39487688|issn=0020-7292|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> Nag-eeksister an pagkakalaen sa salud sa laog kan hinekolohiya, na pwedeng magkaigwang impact sa kababaihan sa mga nasyon na igwang hababa asin katahawan na sweldo, minoriyang grupo sa ibang mga nasyon asin sa komunidad kan mga [[Tawong LGBTQ|LGBTQ+]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} ppnbojvgryk6d36n5f8elfd2bap79vy 305950 305948 2026-05-25T01:46:12Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305950 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''hinekolohiya''' iyo an rona nin [[medisina]] na igwang kinaaraman sa mga kondisyon na nakakaapekto sa [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]]. Kun minsan pigsasalak iyan sa lado kan [[obstetrics]], na nakapokus sa [[pagbados]] asin [[childbirth]], kaya baga naporma an sinalak na rona nin [[obstetrics asin hinekolohiya]] (OB-GYN).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-02-02|title=Obstetrics and gynecology|url=https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/obstetrics-and-gynecology|access-date=2025-02-28|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en}}</ref> [[Ladawan:Female_genital_system_-_Sagittal_view.svg|alt=Female reproductive system|thumb|Diagram kan pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo.]] Nasasakupan kan hinekolohiya an [[Preventive healthcare|preventative care]], [[Sexual and reproductive health|sexual health]] asin pagdiagnos asin pagbulong sa isyu sa salud na minalataw gikan sa pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo, siring kan uterus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, obaryo, asin suso; an mga subespesyalidad siring kan pagpaplano nin pamilya; minimally invasive surgery; paediatric asin adolescent gynaecology; asin pelvic medicine asin reconstructive surgery. An hinekolohikong pag-ataman pig-oolayan sa [[Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]] asin sa [[Hippocratic Corpus]], pigpapahiling an suanoy na ginikanan kan subject. Si [[J. Marion Sims]] nagkontribwir sa pag-uswag kan specialism developing instruments siring kan [[Sims' speculum|Sims speculum]], kinompleto ni Pantaleoni an enot na hysteroscopy kaidtong 1869 asin si [[Georgios Papanikolaou|Papanikolaou]] enot na nagsurat manungod sa [[pap smear]] kaidtong 1928. An mga indibidwal na [[transgender]], [[intersex]] asin [[Non-binary gender|nonbinary]] pwedeng mangaipo nin hinekolohikong pag-ataman.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Antsaklis|first1=Aris|last2=Capito|first2=Lourdes B.|last3=Pandit|first3=Suchitra N.|date=2024-11-02|title=Ethics in the provision of obstetric and gynecologic health care for non-binary and transgender individuals|url=https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijgo.15925|journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics|language=en|volume=167|issue=3|pages=968–971|doi=10.1002/ijgo.15925|pmid=39487688|issn=0020-7292|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> Nag-eeksister an pagkakalaen sa salud sa laog kan hinekolohiya, na pwedeng magkaigwang impact sa kababaihan sa mga nasyon na igwang hababa asin katahawan na sweldo, minoriyang grupo sa ibang mga nasyon asin sa komunidad kan mga [[Tawong LGBTQ|LGBTQ+]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} lur36hr2trx2hl0lds9o4rwyjlxj6cp 305951 305950 2026-05-25T01:47:25Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305951 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''hinekolohiya''' iyo an rona nin [[medisina]] na igwang kinaaraman sa mga kondisyon na nakakaapekto sa [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]]. Kun minsan pigsasalak iyan sa lado kan [[obstetrisya]], na nakapokus sa [[pagbados]] asin [[childbirth]], kaya baga naporma an sinalak na rona nin [[obstetrisya asin hinekolohiya]] (OB-GYN).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-02-02|title=Obstetrics and gynecology|url=https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/obstetrics-and-gynecology|access-date=2025-02-28|website=www.cancer.gov|language=en}}</ref> [[Ladawan:Female_genital_system_-_Sagittal_view.svg|alt=Female reproductive system|thumb|Diagram kan pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo.]] Nasasakupan kan hinekolohiya an [[Preventive healthcare|preventative care]], [[Sexual and reproductive health|sexual health]] asin pagdiagnos asin pagbulong sa isyu sa salud na minalataw gikan sa pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo, siring kan uterus, vagina, cervix, fallopian tubes, obaryo, asin suso; an mga subespesyalidad siring kan pagpaplano nin pamilya; minimally invasive surgery; paediatric asin adolescent gynaecology; asin pelvic medicine asin reconstructive surgery. An hinekolohikong pag-ataman pig-oolayan sa [[Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus]] asin sa [[Hippocratic Corpus]], pigpapahiling an suanoy na ginikanan kan subject. Si [[J. Marion Sims]] nagkontribwir sa pag-uswag kan specialism developing instruments siring kan [[Sims' speculum|Sims speculum]], kinompleto ni Pantaleoni an enot na hysteroscopy kaidtong 1869 asin si [[Georgios Papanikolaou|Papanikolaou]] enot na nagsurat manungod sa [[pap smear]] kaidtong 1928. An mga indibidwal na [[transgender]], [[intersex]] asin [[Non-binary gender|nonbinary]] pwedeng mangaipo nin hinekolohikong pag-ataman.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last1=Antsaklis|first1=Aris|last2=Capito|first2=Lourdes B.|last3=Pandit|first3=Suchitra N.|date=2024-11-02|title=Ethics in the provision of obstetric and gynecologic health care for non-binary and transgender individuals|url=https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijgo.15925|journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics|language=en|volume=167|issue=3|pages=968–971|doi=10.1002/ijgo.15925|pmid=39487688|issn=0020-7292|archive-url=|archive-date=}}</ref> Nag-eeksister an pagkakalaen sa salud sa laog kan hinekolohiya, na pwedeng magkaigwang impact sa kababaihan sa mga nasyon na igwang hababa asin katahawan na sweldo, minoriyang grupo sa ibang mga nasyon asin sa komunidad kan mga [[Tawong LGBTQ|LGBTQ+]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} g9tjtubc3op6avihfkxyn383glen8qh 0 56405 305946 2026-05-25T01:39:58Z DWCR News 31489 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Infobox estasyon nin radyo | name = Aksyon Radyo Naga | callsign = DWMT }}" 305946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox estasyon nin radyo | name = Aksyon Radyo Naga | callsign = DWMT }} tre00dx89up0h1japxzn9i1c1c59j29 305947 305946 2026-05-25T01:42:02Z DWCR News 31489 305947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox estasyon nin radyo | name = Aksyon Radyo Naga | callsign = DWMT | city = [[Syudad nin Naga]] }} mvcm1mni1mq0ss6m2iitfgz6a9agg04 305949 305947 2026-05-25T01:44:25Z DWCR News 31489 Aksyon Radyo Naga 305949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox estasyon nin radyo | name = Aksyon Radyo Naga | callsign = DWMT | city = [[Syudad nin Naga]] | area = [[Camarines Sur]] | branding = Aksyon Radyo 981 }} suzwgbh94jg75d4wo2urp8fzk361up3 305952 305949 2026-05-25T01:49:35Z DWCR News 31489 305952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox estasyon nin radyo | name = Aksyon Radyo Naga | callsign = DWMT | city = [[Syudad nin Naga]] | area = [[Camarines Sur]] | branding = Aksyon Radyo 981 | slogan = | frequency = 981 kHz | airdate = 1994 | format = Bareta | power = 5,000 watts | class = AM | callsign_meaning = '''MT''' | owner = MBC Media Group | licensee = Philippine Broadcasting Corporation }} qwkm8onqjqljhrwvkmv0qw93t4stxlh 305954 305952 2026-05-25T01:51:22Z DWCR News 31489 Aksyon Radyo Naga 305954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox estasyon nin radyo | name = Aksyon Radyo Naga | callsign = DWMT | city = [[Syudad nin Naga]] | area = [[Camarines Sur]] | branding = Aksyon Radyo 981 | slogan = | frequency = 981 kHz | airdate = 1994 | format = Bareta | power = 5,000 watts | class = AM | callsign_meaning = '''MT''' | owner = MBC Media Group | licensee = Philippine Broadcasting Corporation | sister_stations = [[DWYN|99.1 Love Radio]] }} jdvt7nghpfzduottcu4a3t4mdju3lja 305955 305954 2026-05-25T01:55:35Z DWCR News 31489 Aksyon Radyo Naga 305955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox estasyon nin radyo | name = Aksyon Radyo Naga | callsign = DWMT | city = [[Syudad nin Naga]] | area = [[Camarines Sur]] | branding = Aksyon Radyo 981 | slogan = | frequency = 981 kHz | airdate = 1994 | format = Bareta | power = 5,000 watts | class = AM | callsign_meaning = '''MT''' | owner = MBC Media Group | licensee = Philippine Broadcasting Corporation | sister_stations = [[DWYN|99.1 Love Radio]] }} An '''DWMT''' (981 AM) nag-erre bilang '''Aksyon Radyo Naga''' sarong istasyon nin radyo na pagsasadiri asin pig-ooperar kan Philippine Broadcasting Corporation hxz2hedebugljx3y45ugg7qxxpil250 0 56406 305953 2026-05-25T01:50:13Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351516930|Obstetrics and gynaecology]]" 305953 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obstetrics and gynaecology''' (also spelled as '''obstetrics and gynecology'''; abbreviated as '''Obst and Gynae''', '''O&G''', '''OB-GYN''' and '''OB/GYN'''{{efn|"OB-GYN" (or "OB/GYN") is most commonly treated as an [[initialism]] and pronounced as five individual letters, even though it only represents two different words.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ob-gyn|title=Ob-gyn|encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access-date=December 4, 2022}}</ref>}}) is the [[medical specialty]] that encompasses the two subspecialties of [[obstetrics]] (covering [[pregnancy]], [[childbirth]], and the [[postpartum period]]) and [[gynaecology]] (covering the health of the [[female reproductive system]] – [[vagina]], [[uterus]], [[ovaries]], and [[Breast|breasts]]). The specialization is an important part of care for [[women's health]]. Postgraduate training programs for both fields are usually combined, preparing the practising obstetrician-gynecologist to be adept at the care of female reproductive organs' health and at the management of pregnancy, although many doctors go on to develop subspecialty interests in one field or the other. 9wvvfvu67zzj16zu982j9swelccaybz 305959 305953 2026-05-25T02:27:10Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305959 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''obstetrisya asin hinekolohiya'''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ob-gyn|title=Ob-gyn|encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access-date=December 4, 2022}}</ref>}} iyo an [[medical specialty]] na nasasakupan an duwang espesyalidad kan [[obstetrisya]] (nasasakupan an [[pagbados]], [[childbirth]], asin an [[postpartum period]]) asin [[hinekolohiya]] (nasasakupan an salud kan [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]] – [[vagina]], [[uterus]], [[obaryo]], asin [[suso]]). An espesyalisasyon iyo an importanteng kabtang kan pag-ataman para sa [[salud nin kababaihan]]. Postgraduate training programs for both fields are usually combined, preparing the practising obstetrician-gynecologist to be adept at the care of female reproductive organs' health and at the management of pregnancy, although many doctors go on to develop subspecialty interests in one field or the other. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} b6yi2ydgdaa9p9bzcgkzfk7j2hg8snd 305960 305959 2026-05-25T02:31:17Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305960 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''obstetrisya asin hinekolohiya'''.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ob-gyn|title=Ob-gyn|encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access-date=December 4, 2022}}</ref>}} iyo an [[medical specialty]] na nasasakupan an duwang espesyalidad kan [[obstetrisya]] (nasasakupan an [[pagbados]], [[childbirth]], asin an [[postpartum period]]) asin [[hinekolohiya]] (nasasakupan an salud kan [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]] – [[vagina]], [[uterus]], [[obaryo]], asin [[suso]]). An espesyalisasyon iyo an importanteng kabtang kan pag-ataman para sa [[salud nin kababaihan]]. An ''postgraduate training programs'' para sa duwang lado parating sinalak, pigpapaandam an nagpapraktis na obstetrician-gynecologist na magin maurag sa pag-ataman kan salud kan mga pambabaying reproduktibong organo asin sa pagmanehar kan pagbados, minsan ngani an mga doktor nagpapadagos sa pagpa-urog kan mga interes sa espesyalidad sa sarong lado o sa iba pa. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} mxdbo3zajiwppf65hizgx32phguj9t9 305961 305960 2026-05-25T02:33:25Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305961 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''obstetrisya asin hinekolohiya''' (Ingles: ''obstetrics and gynecology'' (OB-GYNE)).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ob-gyn|title=Ob-gyn|encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary|publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]]|access-date=December 4, 2022}}</ref> iyo an [[medical specialty]] na nasasakupan an duwang espesyalidad kan [[obstetrisya]] (nasasakupan an [[pagbados]], [[childbirth]], asin an [[postpartum period]]) asin [[hinekolohiya]] (nasasakupan an salud kan [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]] – [[vagina]], [[uterus]], [[obaryo]], asin [[suso]]). An espesyalisasyon iyo an importanteng kabtang kan pag-ataman para sa [[salud nin kababaihan]]. An ''postgraduate training programs'' para sa duwang lado parating sinalak, pigpapaandam an nagpapraktis na obstetrician-gynecologist na magin maurag sa pag-ataman kan salud kan mga pambabaying reproduktibong organo asin sa pagmanehar kan pagbados, minsan ngani an mga doktor nagpapadagos sa pagpa-urog kan mga interes sa espesyalidad sa sarong lado o sa iba pa. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 98tejgkf32wjk1ogg531bi9w6su682k 0 56407 305962 2026-05-25T02:36:07Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351514848|Obstetrics]]" 305962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Obstetrics''' is the field of study concentrated on [[pregnancy]], [[childbirth]] and the [[postpartum period]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is an Obstetrician? What They Do & When To See One|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22303-obstetrician|access-date=2022-04-29|website=Cleveland Clinic}}</ref> As a [[medical specialty]], obstetrics is - in some jurisdictions - combined with [[gynecology]] under the discipline known as [[obstetrics and gynecology]] (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field.<ref>{{cite web|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialty Description|publisher=American Medical Association|url=https://www.ama-assn.org/specialty/obstetrics-and-gynecology-specialty-description|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref> e7xuq9c2jkvyuv7utouir1td62nemn6 305963 305962 2026-05-25T02:38:54Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305963 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''obstetrisya''' iyo an lado nin pag-aadal na nakapokus sa [[pagbados]], [[childbirth]] asin sa [[postpartum period]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is an Obstetrician? What They Do & When To See One|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22303-obstetrician|access-date=2022-04-29|website=Cleveland Clinic}}</ref> As a [[medical specialty]], obstetrics is - in some jurisdictions - combined with [[gynecology]] under the discipline known as [[obstetrics and gynecology]] (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field.<ref>{{cite web|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialty Description|publisher=American Medical Association|url=https://www.ama-assn.org/specialty/obstetrics-and-gynecology-specialty-description|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 2legtfg3wvgcfsm8glolpcn2ehcwcs0 305964 305963 2026-05-25T02:39:49Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305964 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''obstetrisya''' iyo an lado nin pag-aadal na nakapokus sa [[pagbados]], [[childbirth]] asin sa [[postpartum period]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is an Obstetrician? What They Do & When To See One|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22303-obstetrician|access-date=2022-04-29|website=Cleveland Clinic}}</ref> Bilang sarong [[medical specialty]], an obstetrisya sa ibang hurisdiksyon is - in some jurisd - combined with [[gynecology]] under the discipline known as [[obstetrics and gynecology]] (OB/GYN), which is a surgical field.<ref>{{cite web|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialty Description|publisher=American Medical Association|url=https://www.ama-assn.org/specialty/obstetrics-and-gynecology-specialty-description|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} rg9ly5mwwh4xnyymdl1cz49lkne1nh6 305965 305964 2026-05-25T02:41:41Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305965 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''obstetrisya''' iyo an lado nin pag-aadal na nakapokus sa [[pagbados]], [[childbirth]] asin sa [[postpartum period]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is an Obstetrician? What They Do & When To See One|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22303-obstetrician|access-date=2022-04-29|website=Cleveland Clinic}}</ref> Bilang sarong [[medical specialty]], an obstetrisya - sa ibang hurisdiksyon - sinalak sa [[hinekolohiya]] sa irarom kan disiplina na midbid bilang [[obstetrics and gynecology]] (OB/GYN), na iyo an ladong surgical.<ref>{{cite web|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialty Description|publisher=American Medical Association|url=https://www.ama-assn.org/specialty/obstetrics-and-gynecology-specialty-description|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 5ry5xverdlda3aal29zldydr2kqrpks 305966 305965 2026-05-25T02:42:21Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305966 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''obstetrisya''' iyo an lado nin pag-aadal na nakapokus sa [[pagbados]], [[childbirth]] asin sa [[postpartum period]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=What Is an Obstetrician? What They Do & When To See One|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22303-obstetrician|access-date=2022-04-29|website=Cleveland Clinic}}</ref> Bilang sarong [[medical specialty]], an obstetrisya - sa ibang hurisdiksyon - sinalak sa [[hinekolohiya]] sa irarom kan disiplina na midbid bilang [[obstetrisya asin hinekolohiya]] (OB/GYN), na iyo an ladong surgical.<ref>{{cite web|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialty Description|publisher=American Medical Association|url=https://www.ama-assn.org/specialty/obstetrics-and-gynecology-specialty-description|access-date=24 October 2020}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} ldeuvk4n61mxndk4dvnp9motyuxgzi6 0 56408 305967 2026-05-25T02:44:44Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355301055|Women's health]]" 305967 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Women's health''' is an example of [[population health]], where health is defined by the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/accountability/governance/constitution|access-date=2023-11-16|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Often treated as simply women's [[reproductive health]], many groups argue for a broader definition pertaining to the overall health of women, better expressed as "The health of women". These differences are further exacerbated in [[developing countries]] where women, whose health includes both their risks and experiences, are further disadvantaged. rh51kee5pdrowa4q75khafpt6hskuxg 305968 305967 2026-05-25T02:47:07Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305968 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''salud nin kababaihan''' iyo an halimbawa nin [[population health]], kun saen an salud pigladawan kan [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) bilang "sarong kamugtakan nin kompletong pisikal, mental asin social well-being asin bakong iyo an kawaran nin helang o infirmity".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/accountability/governance/constitution|access-date=2023-11-16|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Often treated as simply women's [[reproductive health]], many groups argue for a broader definition pertaining to the overall health of women, better expressed as "The health of women". These differences are further exacerbated in [[developing countries]] where women, whose health includes both their risks and experiences, are further disadvantaged. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 9omkpb6405fzmdwz8xx7q7ip001katn 305969 305968 2026-05-25T02:48:07Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305969 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''salud nin kababaihan''' iyo an halimbawa nin [[population health]], kun saen an salud pigladawan kan [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) bilang "sarong kamugtakan nin kompletong pisikal, mental asin social well-being asin bakong iyo an kawaran nin helang o infirmity".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/accountability/governance/constitution|access-date=2023-11-16|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Often treated as simply women's [[salud pangreproduktibo]], many groups argue for a broader definition pertaining to the overall health of women, better expressed as "The health of women". These differences are further exacerbated in [[developing countries]] where women, whose health includes both their risks and experiences, are further disadvantaged. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} afkmx90h1v0s0advgnmijaqp1101v5m 305970 305969 2026-05-25T02:56:13Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305970 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''salud nin kababaihan''' iyo an halimbawa nin [[population health]], kun saen an salud pigladawan kan [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) bilang "sarong kamugtakan nin kompletong pisikal, mental asin social well-being asin bakong iyo an kawaran nin helang o infirmity".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/accountability/governance/constitution|access-date=2023-11-16|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Parating pigtatratar bilang simpleng [[salud pangreproduktibo]] kan kababaihan, dakul na mga grupo an nakikipagsuhay para sa sarong mahiwas na kahulugan na nagpapanungod sa pangkagabsan na salud nin kababaihan, urog na marhay na ipinahayag bilang "An salud nin kababaihan". Ining mga pagkakalaen are further exacerbated sa [[developing countries]] kun saen an mga babayi, na an salud kabali an saindang mga peligro asin mga eksperyensya, are further disadvantaged. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 7jyan7nde26i6wj2k7qa8bsb5zbp5c8 305971 305970 2026-05-25T02:58:42Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305971 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''salud nin kababaihan''' iyo an halimbawa nin [[population health]], kun saen an salud pigladawan kan [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) bilang "sarong kamugtakan nin kompletong pisikal, mental asin social well-being asin bakong iyo an kawaran nin helang o infirmity".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/about/accountability/governance/constitution|access-date=2023-11-16|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> Parating pigtatratar bilang simpleng [[salud pangreproduktibo]] kan kababaihan, dakul na mga grupo an nakikipagsuhay para sa sarong mahiwas na kahulugan na nagpapanungod sa pangkagabsan na salud nin kababaihan, urog na marhay na ipinahayag bilang "An salud nin kababaihan". Ining mga pagkakalaen are further exacerbated sa mga [[nag-uuswag na nasyon]] kun saen an mga babayi, na an salud kabali an saindang mga peligro asin mga eksperyensya, are further disadvantaged. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 0sel9wsjbitpy7o05panqgfbbefmrig 0 56409 305972 2026-05-25T03:00:56Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346177409|Sexual and reproductive health]]" 305972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sexual and reproductive health''' ('''SRH''')<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cottingham J, Kismödi E, Hussein J|title=''Sexual'' and Reproductive Health Matters - What's in a name?|journal=Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters|volume=27|issue=1|pages=1–3|date=December 2019|pmid=31884899|pmc=7887925|doi=10.1080/09688080.2019.1574427}}</ref> is a field of research, [[health care]], and social activism that explores the health of an individual's [[Human reproductive system|reproductive system]] and sexual [[well-being]] during all stages of their life.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health|publisher=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences|title=Reproductive Health|access-date=2021-09-18|archive-date=2021-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918132100/https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health/index.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mitchell KR, Lewis R, O'Sullivan LF, Fortenberry JD|date=2021|title=What is sexual wellbeing and why does it matter for public health?|journal=The Lancet Public Health|language=en|volume=6|issue=8|pages=e608–e613|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00099-2|pmid=34166629|s2cid=235635898|hdl=1805/31614|hdl-access=free|pmc=7616985}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sladden|first1=Tim|last2=Philpott|first2=Anne|last3=Braeken|first3=Doortje|last4=Castellanos-Usigli|first4=Antón|last5=Yadav|first5=Vithika|last6=Christie|first6=Emily|last7=Gonsalves|first7=Lianne|last8=Mofokeng|first8=Tlaleng|date=2021-10-02|title=Sexual Health and Wellbeing through the Life Course: Ensuring Sexual Health, Rights and Pleasure for All|journal=International Journal of Sexual Health|language=en|volume=33|issue=4|pages=565–571|doi=10.1080/19317611.2021.1991071|pmid=38595782|issn=1931-7611|pmc=10903615}}</ref> Sexual and [[reproductive health]] is more commonly defined as sexual and reproductive health and rights,<ref name="Defining sexual health">{{Cite web|title=Defining sexual health|url=https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research/key-areas-of-work/sexual-health/defining-sexual-health|access-date=2024-02-07|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> to encompass individual agency to make choices about their sexual and reproductive lives. b33l7d2fgg64fnl1rajvuc7edh5u8y9 305975 305972 2026-05-25T03:04:37Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305975 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''salud sekswal asin pangreproduktibo''' ('''SRH''')<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cottingham J, Kismödi E, Hussein J|title=''Sexual'' and Reproductive Health Matters - What's in a name?|journal=Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters|volume=27|issue=1|pages=1–3|date=December 2019|pmid=31884899|pmc=7887925|doi=10.1080/09688080.2019.1574427}}</ref> iyo an sarong lado nin pagsaligsig, [[health care]], asin social activism na nag-eexplor sa salud kan [[Sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo|sistemang reproduktibo]] nin sarong indibidwal asin sa sekswal na [[well-being]] durante sa gabos na kabtang kan saindang buha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health|publisher=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences|title=Reproductive Health|access-date=2021-09-18|archive-date=2021-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918132100/https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health/index.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mitchell KR, Lewis R, O'Sullivan LF, Fortenberry JD|date=2021|title=What is sexual wellbeing and why does it matter for public health?|journal=The Lancet Public Health|language=en|volume=6|issue=8|pages=e608–e613|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00099-2|pmid=34166629|s2cid=235635898|hdl=1805/31614|hdl-access=free|pmc=7616985}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sladden|first1=Tim|last2=Philpott|first2=Anne|last3=Braeken|first3=Doortje|last4=Castellanos-Usigli|first4=Antón|last5=Yadav|first5=Vithika|last6=Christie|first6=Emily|last7=Gonsalves|first7=Lianne|last8=Mofokeng|first8=Tlaleng|date=2021-10-02|title=Sexual Health and Wellbeing through the Life Course: Ensuring Sexual Health, Rights and Pleasure for All|journal=International Journal of Sexual Health|language=en|volume=33|issue=4|pages=565–571|doi=10.1080/19317611.2021.1991071|pmid=38595782|issn=1931-7611|pmc=10903615}}</ref> Sexual and [[reproductive health]] is more commonly defined as sexual and reproductive health and rights,<ref name="Defining sexual health">{{Cite web|title=Defining sexual health|url=https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research/key-areas-of-work/sexual-health/defining-sexual-health|access-date=2024-02-07|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> to encompass individual agency to make choices about their sexual and reproductive lives. nvoo6h0lttg67arc2rwxd8aa1xqx53c 305976 305975 2026-05-25T03:07:40Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305976 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''salud sekswal asin pangreproduktibo''' ('''SRH''')<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cottingham J, Kismödi E, Hussein J|title=''Sexual'' and Reproductive Health Matters - What's in a name?|journal=Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters|volume=27|issue=1|pages=1–3|date=December 2019|pmid=31884899|pmc=7887925|doi=10.1080/09688080.2019.1574427}}</ref> iyo an sarong lado nin pagsaligsig, [[health care]], asin social activism na nag-eexplor sa salud kan [[Sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo|sistemang reproduktibo]] nin sarong indibidwal asin sa sekswal na [[well-being]] durante sa gabos na kabtang kan saindang buha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health|publisher=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences|title=Reproductive Health|access-date=2021-09-18|archive-date=2021-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918132100/https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health/index.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mitchell KR, Lewis R, O'Sullivan LF, Fortenberry JD|date=2021|title=What is sexual wellbeing and why does it matter for public health?|journal=The Lancet Public Health|language=en|volume=6|issue=8|pages=e608–e613|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00099-2|pmid=34166629|s2cid=235635898|hdl=1805/31614|hdl-access=free|pmc=7616985}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sladden|first1=Tim|last2=Philpott|first2=Anne|last3=Braeken|first3=Doortje|last4=Castellanos-Usigli|first4=Antón|last5=Yadav|first5=Vithika|last6=Christie|first6=Emily|last7=Gonsalves|first7=Lianne|last8=Mofokeng|first8=Tlaleng|date=2021-10-02|title=Sexual Health and Wellbeing through the Life Course: Ensuring Sexual Health, Rights and Pleasure for All|journal=International Journal of Sexual Health|language=en|volume=33|issue=4|pages=565–571|doi=10.1080/19317611.2021.1991071|pmid=38595782|issn=1931-7611|pmc=10903615}}</ref> An sekswal asin [[salud pangreproduktibo]] iyo an urog na komun na piglaladawan bilang sekswal asin salud reproduktibo asin mga deretso,<ref name="Defining sexual health">{{Cite web|title=Defining sexual health|url=https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research/key-areas-of-work/sexual-health/defining-sexual-health|access-date=2024-02-07|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> tanganing masakupan an indibidwal na ahensya tanganing makagibo nin pagpipilian manungod sa saindang sekswal asin buhay reproduktibo. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} o0ogj0vtcu5j95k27vz3ezpxqw7pu8k 305977 305976 2026-05-25T03:08:59Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305977 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''salud sekswal asin pangreproduktibo''' ('''SRH''')<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Cottingham J, Kismödi E, Hussein J|title=''Sexual'' and Reproductive Health Matters - What's in a name?|journal=Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters|volume=27|issue=1|pages=1–3|date=December 2019|pmid=31884899|pmc=7887925|doi=10.1080/09688080.2019.1574427}}</ref> iyo an sarong lado nin pagsaligsig, [[health care]], asin social activism na nag-eexplor sa salud kan [[Sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo|sistemang reproduktibo]] nin sarong indibidwal asin sa sekswal na [[well-being]] durante sa gabos na kabtang kan saindang buha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health|publisher=National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences|title=Reproductive Health|access-date=2021-09-18|archive-date=2021-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918132100/https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/repro-health/index.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mitchell KR, Lewis R, O'Sullivan LF, Fortenberry JD|date=2021|title=What is sexual wellbeing and why does it matter for public health?|journal=The Lancet Public Health|language=en|volume=6|issue=8|pages=e608–e613|doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00099-2|pmid=34166629|s2cid=235635898|hdl=1805/31614|hdl-access=free|pmc=7616985}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sladden|first1=Tim|last2=Philpott|first2=Anne|last3=Braeken|first3=Doortje|last4=Castellanos-Usigli|first4=Antón|last5=Yadav|first5=Vithika|last6=Christie|first6=Emily|last7=Gonsalves|first7=Lianne|last8=Mofokeng|first8=Tlaleng|date=2021-10-02|title=Sexual Health and Wellbeing through the Life Course: Ensuring Sexual Health, Rights and Pleasure for All|journal=International Journal of Sexual Health|language=en|volume=33|issue=4|pages=565–571|doi=10.1080/19317611.2021.1991071|pmid=38595782|issn=1931-7611|pmc=10903615}}</ref> An sekswal asin salud pangreproduktibo iyo an urog na komun na piglaladawan bilang sekswal asin salud reproduktibo asin mga deretso,<ref name="Defining sexual health">{{Cite web|title=Defining sexual health|url=https://www.who.int/teams/sexual-and-reproductive-health-and-research/key-areas-of-work/sexual-health/defining-sexual-health|access-date=2024-02-07|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> tanganing masakupan an indibidwal na ahensya tanganing makagibo nin pagpipilian manungod sa saindang sekswal asin buhay reproduktibo. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} cyln14iilyk4g570offw13mzlv0f402 0 56410 305978 2026-05-25T03:11:36Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349291830|Human reproductive system]]" 305978 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''human reproductive system''' includes the [[male reproductive system]], which functions to produce and deposit [[sperm]], and the [[female reproductive system]], which functions to produce [[Egg cell|egg cells]] and to protect and nourish the [[fetus]] until [[Childbirth|birth]]. Humans have a high level of [[Sexual differentiation in humans|sexual differentiation]]. In addition to differences in nearly every reproductive organ, there are numerous differences in typical [[Secondary sex characteristic|secondary sex characteristics]]. 6xhtzeve3v1zrvjocmd3lkjles486mg 305979 305978 2026-05-25T03:14:59Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305979 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo''' kabali an [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]], na nagpupunksyon tanganing magproprodusir asin magdeposito nin [[esperma]], asin an [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]], na nagpupunksyon tanganing magproprodusir nin [[Egg cell|egg cells]] asin tanganing protektaran asin i-''nourish'' an [[fetus]] sagkod sa [[Childbirth|kamundagan]]. Humans have a high level of [[Sexual differentiation in humans|sexual differentiation]]. In addition to differences in nearly every reproductive organ, there are numerous differences in typical [[Secondary sex characteristic|secondary sex characteristics]]. 6c6yfdm9oa9jwr6zjxkhipc0k6lqc8w 305980 305979 2026-05-25T03:17:24Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305980 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo''' kabali an [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]], na nagpupunksyon tanganing magproprodusir asin magdeposito nin [[esperma]], asin an [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]], na nagpupunksyon tanganing magproprodusir nin [[Egg cell|egg cells]] asin tanganing protektaran asin i-''nourish'' an [[fetus]] sagkod sa [[Childbirth|kamundagan]]. An mga tawo igwang halangkaw na lebel nin [[Sexual differentiation in humans|sexual differentiation]]. Dugang pa sa pagkakalaen sa haros lambang na organong reproduktibo, igwang kadakol na pagkakalaen sa tipikal na [[ikaduwang karakteristikong sekswal]]. kh0mz7n80tu3p4n4rjmu80mcc9js1ot 305981 305980 2026-05-25T03:19:50Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox anatomy | Image = {{image flip|[[File:Anatomy of male and female human genitalia - blanc.png | 250px]]}} | Caption = Panlaog na [[henitalya]] nin sarong babaying tawo (wala) asin lalaki (too). | Image2 = [[File:Female and male genitalia.png | 250px]] | Caption2 = Panluwas na henitalya nin sarong adultong babayi (wala) asin lalaki (too). | Name = Sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo | Latin = systemata genitalia | Precursor = | System = | Artery = | Vein = | Nerve = | Lymph = }} An '''sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo''' kabali an [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]], na nagpupunksyon tanganing magproprodusir asin magdeposito nin [[esperma]], asin an [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]], na nagpupunksyon tanganing magproprodusir nin [[Egg cell|egg cells]] asin tanganing protektaran asin i-''nourish'' an [[fetus]] sagkod sa [[Childbirth|kamundagan]]. An mga tawo igwang halangkaw na lebel nin [[Sexual differentiation in humans|sexual differentiation]]. Dugang pa sa pagkakalaen sa haros lambang na organong reproduktibo, igwang kadakol na pagkakalaen sa tipikal na [[ikaduwang karakteristikong sekswal]]. qetpyncrqhguuy9f0k8bj1qot46vhut 305982 305981 2026-05-25T03:27:40Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox anatomy | Image = {{image flip|[[File:Anatomy of male and female human genitalia - blanc.png | 250px]]}} | Caption = Panlaog na [[Organong sekswal|henitalya]] nin sarong babaying tawo (wala) asin lalaki (too). | Image2 = [[File:Female and male genitalia.png | 250px]] | Caption2 = Panluwas na henitalya nin sarong adultong babayi (wala) asin lalaki (too). | Name = Sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo | Latin = systemata genitalia | Precursor = | System = | Artery = | Vein = | Nerve = | Lymph = }} An '''sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo''' kabali an [[panlalaking sistemang reproduktibo]], na nagpupunksyon tanganing magproprodusir asin magdeposito nin [[esperma]], asin an [[pambabaying sistemang reproduktibo]], na nagpupunksyon tanganing magproprodusir nin [[Egg cell|egg cells]] asin tanganing protektaran asin i-''nourish'' an [[fetus]] sagkod sa [[Childbirth|kamundagan]]. An mga tawo igwang halangkaw na lebel nin [[Sexual differentiation in humans|sexual differentiation]]. Dugang pa sa pagkakalaen sa haros lambang na organong reproduktibo, igwang kadakol na pagkakalaen sa tipikal na [[ikaduwang karakteristikong sekswal]]. 11gwm4rsen36qoizhm7qukih33kjmmi 0 56411 305983 2026-05-25T03:29:26Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346287402|Female bonding]]" 305983 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:055_1942_-_Dance_band_girls_at_the_Australian_Soldier's_Club,_Tel-Aviv,_Palestine.jpg|thumb|Women in 1940s, [[Tel Aviv|Tel-Aviv]]]] [[Ladawan:The_Queen_Mary's_Army_Auxiliary_Corps_during_the_First_World_War,_France_Q11512.jpg|thumb|Two friends at the beach, 1918]] In [[ethology]] and [[social science]], '''female bonding''' is the formation of a close personal relationship and patterns of [[friendship]], [[Attachment theory|attachment]], and cooperation between females.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/bonding|title=bonding - meaning of bonding in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - LDOCE|website=www.ldoceonline.com}}</ref> fbdg5kke30rywdui0fgpz53mxyv1mva 305984 305983 2026-05-25T03:32:32Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305984 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:055_1942_-_Dance_band_girls_at_the_Australian_Soldier's_Club,_Tel-Aviv,_Palestine.jpg|thumb|Mga babayi kaidtong dekada 1940, [[Tel Aviv|Tel-Aviv]]]] [[Ladawan:The_Queen_Mary's_Army_Auxiliary_Corps_during_the_First_World_War,_France_Q11512.jpg|thumb|Duwang magkatood sa baybayon, 1918]] Sa [[etolohiya]] asin [[social science]], an '''pagkakatood nin mga babayi''' iyo an pagbilog nin ugos na personal na relasyon asin patterns nin [[pagkakatood]], [[Attachment theory|attachment]], asin kooperasyon sa pag-ultanan nin mga babayi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/bonding|title=bonding - meaning of bonding in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - LDOCE|website=www.ldoceonline.com}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} eqf9gdsp9l1025hyaw18921q2klrho7 0 56412 305985 2026-05-25T03:34:38Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333513375|Men's studies]]" 305985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Men's studies''' is an [[interdisciplinary]] [[academic field]] devoted to topics concerning [[men]], [[masculinity]], [[gender]], [[culture]], [[politics]] and [[Human sexuality|sexuality]]. It academically examines what it means to be a man in contemporary society.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bennett|first=Jessica|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/fashion/masculinities-studies-stonybrook-michael-kimmel.html?_r=0|title=A master's degree in...masculinity?|date=August 8, 2015|work=[[New York Times]]}}</ref> 8citiw933wy2qvyu2tnn92x1pu9ji35 305986 305985 2026-05-25T03:38:36Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305986 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''pag-aadal pangkalalakihan''' iyo an sarong [[interdisiplinaryong]] [[akademikong lado]] na nagdudusay sa tema na igwang kinaaraman sa mga [[lalaki]], [[maskulinidad]], [[gender]], [[kultura]], [[politika]] asin [[Sekswalidad nin tawo|sekswalidad]]. Akademikong pig-aadalan kaiyan academically kun ano an kahulugan kan pagigin sarong lalaki sa kontemporaryong sosyedad.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bennett|first=Jessica|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/fashion/masculinities-studies-stonybrook-michael-kimmel.html?_r=0|title=A master's degree in...masculinity?|date=August 8, 2015|work=[[New York Times]]}}</ref> n4qlzfvjpw0suybnzd1mxkknf4ztu92 305987 305986 2026-05-25T03:39:08Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305987 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''pag-aadal pangkalalakihan''' iyo an sarong [[interdisiplinaryong]] [[akademikong lado]] na nagdudusay sa tema na igwang kinaaraman sa mga [[lalaki]], [[maskulinidad]], [[gender]], [[kultura]], [[politika]] asin [[Sekswalidad nin tawo|sekswalidad]]. Akademikong pig-aadalan kaiyan academically kun ano an kahulugan kan pagigin sarong lalaki sa kontemporaryong sosyedad.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bennett|first=Jessica|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/09/fashion/masculinities-studies-stonybrook-michael-kimmel.html?_r=0|title=A master's degree in...masculinity?|date=August 8, 2015|work=[[New York Times]]}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} dnozoloyakcsqyjd2vrp4etl0ob58p6 0 56413 305988 2026-05-25T04:51:39Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349868637|Male gaze]]" 305988 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Laura_Mulvey_Fot_Mariusz_Kubik_July_24_2010_02.JPG|alt=Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.|thumb|In the essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975), [[Laura Mulvey]] ''(pictured)'' introduced and described the mechanics of the male gaze.]] In [[feminist theory]], the '''male gaze''' is the act of depicting women and the world in the [[visual arts]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-aesthetics/|title=Feminist Aesthetics|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|quote=Assumes a standard point of view that is masculine and heterosexual. . . . The phrase 'male gaze' refers to the frequent framing of visual art objects so that the viewer is situated in a masculine position of appreciation.|date=Winter 2012|access-date=13 May 2015}}</ref> and in [[literature]]<ref>That the male gaze applies to literature and the visual arts: Łuczyńska-Hołdys, Małgorzata (2013). ''Soft-Shed Kisses: Re-visioning the Femme Fatale in English Poetry of the 19th Century'', Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 15.</ref> from a masculine, [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] perspective that presents and [[Representation (arts)|represents]] women as [[Sexual objectification|sexual objects]] for the pleasure of the heterosexual male viewer.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Eaton|first=E.W.|title=Feminist Philosophy of Art|journal=Philosophy Compass|volume=3|issue=5|pages=873–893|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00154.x|date=September 2008}}</ref> The concept was first articulated by British feminist film theorist [[Laura Mulvey]] in her 1975 essay, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mulvey|first=Laura|date=1975|title=Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema|journal=Screen|volume=16|issue=3|pages=6–18|doi=10.1093/screen/16.3.6}}</ref> Mulvey's theory draws on historical precedents, such as the depiction of women in European [[oil paintings]] from the [[Renaissance]] period, where the female form was often idealized and presented from a [[voyeuristic]] male perspective. iuo6nbfto53gf5r9q13gjtir05o6ywr 305989 305988 2026-05-25T04:54:14Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Laura_Mulvey_Fot_Mariusz_Kubik_July_24_2010_02.JPG|alt=Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.|thumb|In the essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975), [[Laura Mulvey]] ''(pictured)'' introduced and described the mechanics of the male gaze.]] Sa [[teoryang peminista]], an '''paghiling nin lalaki''' iyo an akto nin pagladawan sa mga babayi asin sa kinaban sa [[arteng biswal]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-aesthetics/|title=Feminist Aesthetics|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|quote=Assumes a standard point of view that is masculine and heterosexual. . . . The phrase 'male gaze' refers to the frequent framing of visual art objects so that the viewer is situated in a masculine position of appreciation.|date=Winter 2012|access-date=13 May 2015}}</ref> and in [[literature]]<ref>That the male gaze applies to literature and the visual arts: Łuczyńska-Hołdys, Małgorzata (2013). ''Soft-Shed Kisses: Re-visioning the Femme Fatale in English Poetry of the 19th Century'', Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 15.</ref> from a masculine, [[Heterosexuality|heterosexual]] perspective that presents and [[Representation (arts)|represents]] women as [[Sexual objectification|sexual objects]] for the pleasure of the heterosexual male viewer.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Eaton|first=E.W.|title=Feminist Philosophy of Art|journal=Philosophy Compass|volume=3|issue=5|pages=873–893|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00154.x|date=September 2008}}</ref> The concept was first articulated by British feminist film theorist [[Laura Mulvey]] in her 1975 essay, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mulvey|first=Laura|date=1975|title=Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema|journal=Screen|volume=16|issue=3|pages=6–18|doi=10.1093/screen/16.3.6}}</ref> Mulvey's theory draws on historical precedents, such as the depiction of women in European [[oil paintings]] from the [[Renaissance]] period, where the female form was often idealized and presented from a [[voyeuristic]] male perspective. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} lyr7vesx3d4cfif6razq2djtmdbmlhd 305990 305989 2026-05-25T04:57:20Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305990 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Laura_Mulvey_Fot_Mariusz_Kubik_July_24_2010_02.JPG|alt=Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.|thumb|In the essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975), [[Laura Mulvey]] ''(pictured)'' introduced and described the mechanics of the male gaze.]] Sa [[teoryang peminista]], an '''paghiling nin lalaki''' iyo an akto nin pagladawan sa mga babayi asin sa kinaban sa [[arteng biswal]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-aesthetics/|title=Feminist Aesthetics|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|quote=Assumes a standard point of view that is masculine and heterosexual. . . . The phrase 'male gaze' refers to the frequent framing of visual art objects so that the viewer is situated in a masculine position of appreciation.|date=Winter 2012|access-date=13 May 2015}}</ref> asin sa [[literatura]]<ref>That the male gaze applies to literature and the visual arts: Łuczyńska-Hołdys, Małgorzata (2013). ''Soft-Shed Kisses: Re-visioning the Femme Fatale in English Poetry of the 19th Century'', Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 15.</ref> gikan sa maskulino, [[Heterosekswalidad|heterosekswal]] na perspektibo na pigpepresentar asin [[Representasyon (arte)|pigrerepresentar]] an kababaihan bilang [[Sexual objectification|sexual objects]] para sa kaogmahan kan heterosekswal na lalaking parahiling.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Eaton|first=E.W.|title=Feminist Philosophy of Art|journal=Philosophy Compass|volume=3|issue=5|pages=873–893|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00154.x|date=September 2008}}</ref> The concept was first articulated by British feminist film theorist [[Laura Mulvey]] in her 1975 essay, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mulvey|first=Laura|date=1975|title=Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema|journal=Screen|volume=16|issue=3|pages=6–18|doi=10.1093/screen/16.3.6}}</ref> Mulvey's theory draws on historical precedents, such as the depiction of women in European [[oil paintings]] from the [[Renaissance]] period, where the female form was often idealized and presented from a [[voyeuristic]] male perspective. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} n3lszku3z4tguz8ihdj5r8eblbbpg6v 305991 305990 2026-05-25T05:03:29Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305991 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Laura_Mulvey_Fot_Mariusz_Kubik_July_24_2010_02.JPG|alt=Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.|thumb|In the essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975), [[Laura Mulvey]] ''(pictured)'' introduced and described the mechanics of the male gaze.]] Sa [[teoryang peminista]], an '''paghiling nin lalaki''' iyo an akto nin pagladawan sa mga babayi asin sa kinaban sa [[arteng biswal]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-aesthetics/|title=Feminist Aesthetics|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|quote=Assumes a standard point of view that is masculine and heterosexual. . . . The phrase 'male gaze' refers to the frequent framing of visual art objects so that the viewer is situated in a masculine position of appreciation.|date=Winter 2012|access-date=13 May 2015}}</ref> asin sa [[literatura]]<ref>That the male gaze applies to literature and the visual arts: Łuczyńska-Hołdys, Małgorzata (2013). ''Soft-Shed Kisses: Re-visioning the Femme Fatale in English Poetry of the 19th Century'', Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 15.</ref> gikan sa maskulino, [[Heterosekswalidad|heterosekswal]] na perspektibo na pigpepresentar asin [[Representasyon (arte)|pigrerepresentar]] an kababaihan bilang [[Sexual objectification|sexual objects]] para sa kaogmahan kan heterosekswal na lalaking parahiling.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Eaton|first=E.W.|title=Feminist Philosophy of Art|journal=Philosophy Compass|volume=3|issue=5|pages=873–893|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00154.x|date=September 2008}}</ref> An konsepto enot na ''articulated'' kan British feminist film theorist na si [[Laura Mulvey]] sa saiyang 1975 essay, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mulvey|first=Laura|date=1975|title=Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema|journal=Screen|volume=16|issue=3|pages=6–18|doi=10.1093/screen/16.3.6}}</ref> An teorya ni Mulvey nagkukua sa makasaysayan na ''precedents'', siring kan pagladawan sa mga babayi sa Europeong [[oil paintings]] gikan sa [[Renaissance]] period, kun saen an mga babaying porma parating idealisado asin pigpresentar gikan sa [[voyeuristic]] na perspektibo nin lalaki. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 66hy7amrtu7o1qddr8ljbq7xj4s05jj 305992 305991 2026-05-25T05:04:52Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305992 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Laura_Mulvey_Fot_Mariusz_Kubik_July_24_2010_02.JPG|alt=Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.|thumb|Sa essay na "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema" (1975), [[Laura Mulvey]] ''(nasa ladawan)'' pinamidbid asin linadawan an mga mekaniko kan paghiling nin lalaki.]] Sa [[teoryang peminista]], an '''paghiling nin lalaki''' iyo an akto nin pagladawan sa mga babayi asin sa kinaban sa [[arteng biswal]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-aesthetics/|title=Feminist Aesthetics|encyclopedia=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|quote=Assumes a standard point of view that is masculine and heterosexual. . . . The phrase 'male gaze' refers to the frequent framing of visual art objects so that the viewer is situated in a masculine position of appreciation.|date=Winter 2012|access-date=13 May 2015}}</ref> asin sa [[literatura]]<ref>That the male gaze applies to literature and the visual arts: Łuczyńska-Hołdys, Małgorzata (2013). ''Soft-Shed Kisses: Re-visioning the Femme Fatale in English Poetry of the 19th Century'', Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 15.</ref> gikan sa maskulino, [[Heterosekswalidad|heterosekswal]] na perspektibo na pigpepresentar asin [[Representasyon (arte)|pigrerepresentar]] an kababaihan bilang [[Sexual objectification|sexual objects]] para sa kaogmahan kan heterosekswal na lalaking parahiling.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Eaton|first=E.W.|title=Feminist Philosophy of Art|journal=Philosophy Compass|volume=3|issue=5|pages=873–893|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|doi=10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00154.x|date=September 2008}}</ref> An konsepto enot na ''articulated'' kan British feminist film theorist na si [[Laura Mulvey]] sa saiyang 1975 essay, "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema".<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mulvey|first=Laura|date=1975|title=Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema|journal=Screen|volume=16|issue=3|pages=6–18|doi=10.1093/screen/16.3.6}}</ref> An teorya ni Mulvey nagkukua sa makasaysayan na ''precedents'', siring kan pagladawan sa mga babayi sa Europeong [[oil paintings]] gikan sa [[Renaissance]] period, kun saen an mga babaying porma parating idealisado asin pigpresentar gikan sa [[voyeuristic]] na perspektibo nin lalaki. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} rdw7dg9cfki3tcxvbuakkvwwnfi63nb 0 56414 305993 2026-05-25T05:39:11Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355430229|Sexual objectification]]" 305993 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Hot_Import_Nights_bikini_contest_35.jpg|thumb|Women in a [[bikini contest]] are valued for the sex appeal of their bodies over other attributes.]] {{Feminism sidebar}}'''Sexual objectification''' is the act of treating a person solely as an [[Physical object|object]] of [[sexual desire]] (a '''sex object'''). [[Objectification]] more broadly means treating a person as a [[commodity]] or an object without regard to their [[personality]] or [[dignity]]. Objectification is most commonly examined at the level of a society ([[sociology]]), but can also refer to the behavior of individuals (psychology), and is a type of [[dehumanization]]. Although both men and women can be sexually objectified, the concept is mainly associated with the objectification of women, and is an important idea in many [[feminist theories]], and psychological theories derived from them. Many feminists argue that sexual objectification of girls and women contributes to [[gender inequality]], and many psychologists associate objectification with a range of physical and mental health risks in women. Research suggests that the psychological effects of objectification of men are similar to those of women, leading to negative [[body image]] among men. The concept of sexual objectification is controversial, and some feminists and psychologists have argued that at least some degree of objectification is a normal part of [[human sexuality]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpZmBuUoAf8C&q=Objectification%20|title=Sexual Personae|last1=Paglia|first1=Camille|date=10 September 1990|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-18213-2|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|last1=Barber|first1=Nigel|title=Objectification Is a Basic Aspect of Male Sexuality|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-human-beast/201607/objectification-is-basic-aspect-male-sexuality|website=Psychology Today|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=geCnBAAAQBAJ&q=Objectification%20|title=Defending Pornography|last1=Strossen|first1=Nadine|publisher=NYU Press|year=2000|isbn=0-8147-8149-7|page=136|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref> 4hmgh39jyznmpa2zuh01g6oig2kr598 305994 305993 2026-05-25T05:45:24Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305994 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Hot_Import_Nights_bikini_contest_35.jpg|thumb|Mga babayi sa sarong [[bikini contest]] pigpapahalagahan huli sa saindang sex appeal kan saindang mga hawak kaysa sa iba pang mga attributes.]] An '''pagtratar bilang sarong sekswal na bagay''' iyo an akto nin pagtratar sa sarong tawo bilang sarong [[Pisikal na bagay|bagay]] nin [[sekswal na pagmawot]] (sarong '''sekswal na bagay'''). An [[objectification]] urog na mahiwas na nangangahulogan nin pagtratar sa sarong tawo bilang sarong [[commodity]] o sarong bagay na mayong pagmidbid sa saindang [[personalidad]] o [[dignidad]]. An objectification iyo an pinakomun na pig-aadalan sa lebel kan sosyedad ([[sosyolohiya]]), alagad pwede man na magpanungod sa gawe nin mga indibidwal (sikolohiya), asin iyo an sarong klase nin [[dehumanisasyon]]. Although both men and women can be sexually objectified, the concept is mainly associated with the objectification of women, and is an important idea in many [[feminist theories]], and psychological theories derived from them. Many feminists argue that sexual objectification of girls and women contributes to [[gender inequality]], and many psychologists associate objectification with a range of physical and mental health risks in women. Research suggests that the psychological effects of objectification of men are similar to those of women, leading to negative [[body image]] among men. The concept of sexual objectification is controversial, and some feminists and psychologists have argued that at least some degree of objectification is a normal part of [[human sexuality]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpZmBuUoAf8C&q=Objectification%20|title=Sexual Personae|last1=Paglia|first1=Camille|date=10 September 1990|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-18213-2|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|last1=Barber|first1=Nigel|title=Objectification Is a Basic Aspect of Male Sexuality|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-human-beast/201607/objectification-is-basic-aspect-male-sexuality|website=Psychology Today|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=geCnBAAAQBAJ&q=Objectification%20|title=Defending Pornography|last1=Strossen|first1=Nadine|publisher=NYU Press|year=2000|isbn=0-8147-8149-7|page=136|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref> lwlqkr7cwhszz7lm2w0xnex8jjlsde0 305995 305994 2026-05-25T05:48:24Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305995 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Hot_Import_Nights_bikini_contest_35.jpg|thumb|Mga babayi sa sarong [[bikini contest]] pigpapahalagahan huli sa saindang sex appeal kan saindang mga hawak kaysa sa iba pang mga attributes.]] An '''pagtratar bilang sarong sekswal na bagay''' iyo an akto nin pagtratar sa sarong tawo bilang sarong [[Pisikal na bagay|bagay]] nin [[sekswal na pagmawot]] (sarong '''sekswal na bagay'''). An [[objectification]] urog na mahiwas na nangangahulogan nin pagtratar sa sarong tawo bilang sarong [[commodity]] o sarong bagay na mayong pagmidbid sa saindang [[personalidad]] o [[dignidad]]. An objectification iyo an pinakomun na pig-aadalan sa lebel kan sosyedad ([[sosyolohiya]]), alagad pwede man na magpanungod sa gawe nin mga indibidwal (sikolohiya), asin iyo an sarong klase nin [[dehumanisasyon]]. Minsan ngani na an mga lalaki asin mga babayi pwede man na trataron bilang mga sekswal na bagay, an konsepto pangenot na asosyado sa pagtratar sa mga babayi bilang mga sekswal na bagay, asin iyo an sarong importanteng idea sa dakol na [[feminist theories]], asin sikolohikong teorya na ginuno gikan sa sainda. Many feminists argue that sexual objectification of girls and women contributes to [[gender inequality]], and many psychologists associate objectification with a range of physical and mental health risks in women. Research suggests that the psychological effects of objectification of men are similar to those of women, leading to negative [[body image]] among men. The concept of sexual objectification is controversial, and some feminists and psychologists have argued that at least some degree of objectification is a normal part of [[human sexuality]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpZmBuUoAf8C&q=Objectification%20|title=Sexual Personae|last1=Paglia|first1=Camille|date=10 September 1990|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-18213-2|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|last1=Barber|first1=Nigel|title=Objectification Is a Basic Aspect of Male Sexuality|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-human-beast/201607/objectification-is-basic-aspect-male-sexuality|website=Psychology Today|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=geCnBAAAQBAJ&q=Objectification%20|title=Defending Pornography|last1=Strossen|first1=Nadine|publisher=NYU Press|year=2000|isbn=0-8147-8149-7|page=136|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} aqbtz17m00ag78c9h60jm2ufrl60bvx 305996 305995 2026-05-25T05:55:43Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305996 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Hot_Import_Nights_bikini_contest_35.jpg|thumb|Mga babayi sa sarong [[bikini contest]] pigpapahalagahan huli sa saindang sex appeal kan saindang mga hawak kaysa sa iba pang mga attributes.]] An '''pagtratar bilang sarong sekswal na bagay''' iyo an akto nin pagtratar sa sarong tawo bilang sarong [[Pisikal na bagay|bagay]] nin [[sekswal na pagmawot]] (sarong '''sekswal na bagay'''). An [[objectification]] urog na mahiwas na nangangahulogan nin pagtratar sa sarong tawo bilang sarong [[commodity]] o sarong bagay na mayong pagmidbid sa saindang [[personalidad]] o [[dignidad]]. An objectification iyo an pinakomun na pig-aadalan sa lebel kan sosyedad ([[sosyolohiya]]), alagad pwede man na magpanungod sa gawe nin mga indibidwal (sikolohiya), asin iyo an sarong klase nin [[dehumanisasyon]]. Minsan ngani na an mga lalaki asin mga babayi pwede man na trataron bilang mga sekswal na bagay, an konsepto pangenot na asosyado sa pagtratar sa mga babayi bilang mga sekswal na bagay, asin iyo an sarong importanteng idea sa dakol na [[feminist theories]], asin sikolohikong teorya na ginuno gikan sa sainda. Dakul na mga peminista an nakikipagsuhay na an pagtratar bilang sekswal na bagay sa mga babayi minakontribwir sa [[gender inequality]], asin dakul na mga sikologo an nag-aasosyar kan pagtratar bilang sekswal na bagay sa sarong hiwas nin pisikal asin peligro sa salud sa pag-iisip sa mga babayi. Pigsasabi kan pagsakit na an sikolohikong epekto kan pagtratar bilang sekswal na bagay sa mga lalaki kaagid man kan sa mga babayi, naggigiya sa negatibong [[imahen nin hawak]] sa kalalakihan. Kontrobersyal an konsepto nin pagtratar bilang sekswal na bagay, asin an ibang mga peminista asin sikologo nakipagsuhay na dai palabi na an ibang digri nin pagtratar bilang sekswal na bagay iyo an normal kabtang nin [[sekswalidad nin tawo]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpZmBuUoAf8C&q=Objectification%20|title=Sexual Personae|last1=Paglia|first1=Camille|date=10 September 1990|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-18213-2|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|last1=Barber|first1=Nigel|title=Objectification Is a Basic Aspect of Male Sexuality|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-human-beast/201607/objectification-is-basic-aspect-male-sexuality|website=Psychology Today|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=geCnBAAAQBAJ&q=Objectification%20|title=Defending Pornography|last1=Strossen|first1=Nadine|publisher=NYU Press|year=2000|isbn=0-8147-8149-7|page=136|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} f1bhy4wnjotuxo9u46z4rk0dro0tuk1 0 56415 305997 2026-05-25T11:26:17Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353656132|Female gaze]]" 305997 wikitext text/x-wiki The '''female gaze''' is a [[feminist theory]] term that refers to the gaze of the female spectator, character or director of an artistic work. 3aiqerudhpxe6qh1rh9vy1a2ikkh92h 305998 305997 2026-05-25T11:28:20Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 305998 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''paghiling nin babayi''' iyo an sarong termino na [[teoryang peminista]] na nagpapanungod sa paghiling kan babaying parahiling, karakter o direktor nin sarong artistikong gibo. {{stub}} 7gnbuwh6fh6dadu6ej46no8glufvii2 0 56416 305999 2026-05-25T11:34:56Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349892694|Erotic talk]]" 305999 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:TelephoneHelloNellie.jpg|too|thumb|374x374px|"Saucy" [[postcard]] (1905–1915)]] '''Erotic talk''', also known as '''dirty talk''', '''love talk''', '''sexy talk''', '''talking dirty''', or '''naughty talk''', is the practice of using explicit word imagery to heighten sexual excitement before and during (or instead of) physical [[Human sexual activity|sexual activity]]. It is commonly a part of [[foreplay]], and can include vivid erotic descriptions, [[Off-color humor|sexual humor]], sexual commands and [[Profanity|rude words]]. It may be whispered into a partner's ear, spoken over a telephone, or put into text. The intention of erotic talk is generally to generate excitement between one, both or all parties engaged in a sexual interaction, or even to induce orgasm 4i8fq29rpjhtd76wdgoiwyvif0qhkij 306000 305999 2026-05-25T11:39:58Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 306000 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:TelephoneHelloNellie.jpg|too|thumb|374x374px|"Saucy" [[postcard]] (1905–1915)]] An '''erotikong urulay''', iyo an praktis nin paggamit mga katagang explicit imagery tanganing tawan-doon an sekswal na excitement bago asin durante kan (o imbes na) pisikal na [[Sekswal na aktibidad nin tawo|sekswal na aktibidad]]. Komun iyan na kabtang kan [[pagromansa]], asin pwedeng kabali an malinaw na erotikong pagladawan, [[Off-color humor|sexual humor]], sexual commands asin [[Raway|rude words]]. Pwede iyan na ihinghing sa talinga kan kapades, itaram sa telepono, o isurat sa teksto. The intention of erotic talk is generally to generate excitement between one, both or all parties engaged in a sekswal na interaksyon, o maski na ngani magpangyari nin orgasmo. 16gxsfalfmnfwhon7foi99dtad3swa9 0 56417 306001 2026-05-25T11:49:17Z CarlessParking 29749 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353979741|Epididymal hypertension]]" 306001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Epididymal hypertension''' ('''EH'''), informally referred to as '''blue balls''' for males or '''blue vulva''' for females, is a [[Harm|harmless]] but uncomfortable sensation in the [[Human reproductive system|genital regions]] during a prolonged state of [[sexual arousal]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Mallika|title=What Is Blue Vulva Syndrome?|url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-blue-vulva-syndrome|access-date=2023-11-28|website=[[WebMD]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Shorter Slang Dictionary|last1=Fergusson|first1=Rosalind|last2=Partridge|first2=Eric|last3=Beale|first3=Paul|date=December 1993|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-08866-4|page=21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Is Blue Balls Real?|url=https://health.clevelandclinic.org/blue-balls/|access-date=2023-11-28|website=health.clevelandclinic.org|publisher=[[Cleveland Clinic]]|language=en-US}}</ref> It usually resolves within hours unless relieved through an [[orgasm]].<ref name=":1" /> 0gkld9eihcxjx5haoo0nu93s7zw6kir 306002 306001 2026-05-25T11:54:03Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 306002 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''epididymal hypertension''' ('''EH'''), impormal na pigpapanungdan bilang '''blue balls''' para sa mga lalaki o '''blue vulva''' para sa mga babayi, iyo an [[Harm|bakong peligroso]] alagad bakong komportableng sensasyon sa [[Sistemang reproduktibo ni tawo|rehiyon nin henitalya]] durante nin sarong halawig na estado nin [[sexual arousal]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Mallika|title=What Is Blue Vulva Syndrome?|url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-blue-vulva-syndrome|access-date=2023-11-28|website=[[WebMD]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Shorter Slang Dictionary|last1=Fergusson|first1=Rosalind|last2=Partridge|first2=Eric|last3=Beale|first3=Paul|date=December 1993|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-08866-4|page=21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Is Blue Balls Real?|url=https://health.clevelandclinic.org/blue-balls/|access-date=2023-11-28|website=health.clevelandclinic.org|publisher=[[Cleveland Clinic]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Parati iyan na nareresolbaran sa laog nin nagkapirang oras sagkod na maginhawahan sa paagi nin [[orgasmo]].<ref name=":1" /> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} phgyi7wglykup0m1e33qqd6imngvjv6 306003 306002 2026-05-25T11:54:40Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 306003 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''epididymal hypertension''' ('''EH'''), impormal na pigpapanungdan bilang '''blue balls''' para sa mga lalaki o '''blue vulva''' para sa mga babayi, iyo an [[Peligro|bakong peligroso]] alagad bakong komportableng sensasyon sa [[Sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo|rehiyon nin henitalya]] durante nin sarong halawig na estado nin [[sexual arousal]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Mallika|title=What Is Blue Vulva Syndrome?|url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-blue-vulva-syndrome|access-date=2023-11-28|website=[[WebMD]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Shorter Slang Dictionary|last1=Fergusson|first1=Rosalind|last2=Partridge|first2=Eric|last3=Beale|first3=Paul|date=December 1993|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-08866-4|page=21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Is Blue Balls Real?|url=https://health.clevelandclinic.org/blue-balls/|access-date=2023-11-28|website=health.clevelandclinic.org|publisher=[[Cleveland Clinic]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Parati iyan na nareresolbaran sa laog nin nagkapirang oras sagkod na maginhawahan sa paagi nin [[orgasmo]].<ref name=":1" /> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 9jaawycx4b41y7lvdrkgcii8m3d9vcf 306004 306003 2026-05-25T11:56:31Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 306004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Epididymal hypertension | synonyms = Sexual arousal orchialgia<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wiener |first1=SL |editor1-last=Walker |editor1-first=HK |editor2-last=Hall |editor2-first=WD |editor3-last=Hurst |editor3-first=JW |chapter=Testicular Pain |title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations |edition=3rd |location=Boston |publisher=Butterworths |year=1990 |pmid=21250139}}</ref> | image = File:Pijn.jpg | alt = | caption = An phenomenon manifests itself sa porma nin mild discomfort sa palibot kan henitalya o sa ibaba kan abdomen. | field = [[Urology]] | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} An '''epididymal hypertension''' ('''EH'''), impormal na pigpapanungdan bilang '''blue balls''' para sa mga lalaki o '''blue vulva''' para sa mga babayi, iyo an [[Peligro|bakong peligroso]] alagad bakong komportableng sensasyon sa [[Sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo|rehiyon nin henitalya]] durante nin sarong halawig na estado nin [[sexual arousal]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Mallika|title=What Is Blue Vulva Syndrome?|url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-blue-vulva-syndrome|access-date=2023-11-28|website=[[WebMD]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Shorter Slang Dictionary|last1=Fergusson|first1=Rosalind|last2=Partridge|first2=Eric|last3=Beale|first3=Paul|date=December 1993|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-08866-4|page=21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Is Blue Balls Real?|url=https://health.clevelandclinic.org/blue-balls/|access-date=2023-11-28|website=health.clevelandclinic.org|publisher=[[Cleveland Clinic]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Parati iyan na nareresolbaran sa laog nin nagkapirang oras sagkod na maginhawahan sa paagi nin [[orgasmo]].<ref name=":1" /> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} eignq1eaxcfqdzhc6a75kw5horp7ym2 306005 306004 2026-05-25T11:57:43Z CarlessParking 29749 /* */ 306005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Epididymal hypertension | synonyms = Sexual arousal orchialgia<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wiener |first1=SL |editor1-last=Walker |editor1-first=HK |editor2-last=Hall |editor2-first=WD |editor3-last=Hurst |editor3-first=JW |chapter=Testicular Pain |title=Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations |edition=3rd |location=Boston |publisher=Butterworths |year=1990 |pmid=21250139}}</ref> | image = File:Pijn.jpg | alt = | caption = An phenomenon manifests itself sa porma nin mild discomfort sa palibot kan henitalya o sa ibaba kan abdomen. | field = [[Urology]] | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} An '''epididymal hypertension''' ('''EH'''), impormal na pigpapanungdan bilang '''blue balls''' para sa mga lalaki o '''blue vulva''' para sa mga babayi, iyo an [[Peligro|bakong peligroso]] alagad bakong komportableng sensasyon sa [[Sistemang reproduktibo nin tawo|rehiyon nin henitalya]] durante nin sarong halawig na estado nin [[pagkapukaw na sekswal]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Bhattacharya|first=Mallika|title=What Is Blue Vulva Syndrome?|url=https://www.webmd.com/sex/what-is-blue-vulva-syndrome|access-date=2023-11-28|website=[[WebMD]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Shorter Slang Dictionary|last1=Fergusson|first1=Rosalind|last2=Partridge|first2=Eric|last3=Beale|first3=Paul|date=December 1993|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-08866-4|page=21}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2023-01-18|title=Is Blue Balls Real?|url=https://health.clevelandclinic.org/blue-balls/|access-date=2023-11-28|website=health.clevelandclinic.org|publisher=[[Cleveland Clinic]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Parati iyan na nareresolbaran sa laog nin nagkapirang oras sagkod na maginhawahan sa paagi nin [[orgasmo]].<ref name=":1" /> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} jr94ylfn7a0a4zv2e9m7b9jrzi0jcck