Wikipedia bclwiki https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panginot_na_Pahina MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Medio Espesyal Olay Paragamit Olay kan paragamit Wikipedia Olay sa Wikipedia Ladawan Olay sa ladawan MediaWiki Olay sa MediaWiki Plantilya Olay sa plantilya Tabang Olay sa tabang Kategorya Olay sa kategorya TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 39308 306388 240862 2026-06-10T09:03:56Z KnowRight 31691 306388 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Sweatpants.jpg|thumb|290x290px|Tolong hubin na lalaki na nakasulot nin tradisyon na kulay abong mga jogging pants]] An '''jogging pants''' indiperenteng klase nin malumhok na mga paraparibok o atletikong mga katuyohan, minsan ngani iyan isinusulot na ngonyan sa dakol na laen - laen na situwasyon. Sa United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, asin South Africa, inaapod sindang tugsuit an irarom. Sa Australia asin New Zealand, sinda midbid man sa apod na mga strackants, Sa Pilipinas, sinda inaapod na "mga panwili."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pryor|first=Lisa|date=25 October 2002|title=In her tracky daks, a Hollywood star turns invisible|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/in-her-tracky-daks-a-hollywood-star-turns-invisible-20021025-gdfr8o.html|work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|quote=Naomi Watts: 'I look like a completely different person when I just wake up and get my tracky daks on'}}</ref> == Kasaysayan == An enot na padis nin gatol pigbisto kan mga 1920 kan Émile Camuset, an kagmukna kan Le Coq Sportif. An mga ini simpleng tinakodan nin abohon na mga jersey na nagpapangyari sa mga atleta na makaunat asin makadalagan nin komportable. An mga Sueco nagin ordinaryo na sana sa Olimpikong Karawat kan huring mga taon nin 1930, asin naheling sa dakol na atleta kan suminunod na mga dekada. Kan huri, iinintrodusir ni Adidas an waysuit na ikinonektar an mga paraot sa agihan sa itaas kan 1964, na nagbukas kan dalan para sa pagigin angay. An paglangkaw nin kultura sa trabaho, siring man an pagkamundag nin hip-hop kan 1980s America, nagbunga nin pagpabantog kan mga gatol siring kan paglibang sagkod kan kalyewear. Nagkontribuwer man an mga estudyante kan Kolehiyo sa paggadyág sa popularidad sa Estados Unidos. Poon pa kan mga 1910, an "sportsswear" nagin sapat sa estilong pankolehiyo asin kan mga 1970 asin 80s paradisenyo nagpoon na iladawan liwat an "jersey kniit tela na ginamit para sa giym garb" sa mga gubing para sa pangaroaldaw na gubing kan mga estudyante. ⁇ .jersey.<ref>Clemente, Deirdre. ''Dress Casual : How College Students Redefined American Style'', University of North Carolina Press, 2014. ''ProQuest Ebook Central'', <nowiki>https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bu/detail.action?docID=1663559</nowiki>.</ref> Sa ibong kan saindang paglataw sa popular na kultura, an mga naggatol parateng kinikritikar sa mayor na media kan mga taon 1990 asin enot na mga taon nin 2000; sa sitcom kan mga Amerikano na si Seinfeld, an karakter sa titulo, si Jerry, nagsabi sa saiyang amigo "Sinasabihan mo an kinaban na binayaan mo" kan magluwas siya sa sweatpants. Nagbago an pag - ayuno durante kan COVID-19 pandemic asin kan ibinungang pag - oswag sa puerang gibohon. remote work Nagdakul an mga sabon puon pa kan 2019, asin dakul na haralangkaw na brand nin moda an nagbalyo pasiring sa paggibo nin mas simple asin maliputon na hitsura. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/apr/25/no-sweat-how-tracksuit-bottoms-became-the-height-of-lockdown-fashion|title=No sweat: how tracksuit bottoms became the height of lockdown fashion; Sales of sweatpants soar as fashionistas embrace the joys of an elasticated waistline in their working-from-home outfits|first=Priya|last=Elan|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=25 April 2020}}</ref><ref>Hunt, Kenya. "Sweatpants are no longer 'a sign of defeat' – every day you get dressed is a win." ''Washington Post'', 10 Feb. 2021. ''Gale Academic OneFile'', link.gale.com/apps/doc/A651370688/AONE?u=mlin_b_bumml&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=d616728e. Accessed 30 Sept. 2021.</ref> == Disenyo == An mga Esweater parateng gibo sa maating mga tela na gibo sa mga alahas na may laen - laen na timbang, kaiba an saro sanang jersey, dobleng jersey, rackack jersey, asin loopback jersey (terry). An mga ini parehas na estilong pan'arte asin parati may madaling ma'saw na habayan na may nag'aanting closure. ⁇ .waistby. Tibaad igwa o mayo sinda nin mga lupad asin bulsa. An nagkapirang naggatol puede man na magtampok nin garo siklay na mga pidaso sa pinakahahoy kan tabay. An mga Sueco tradisyonal na an abo abohon sa kolor alagad ngonyan makukua na sa kadaklan na kolor. Tradisyonal na "bagyo" nanggad asin hubal na, an mga gatol makukua man ngonyan sa mas dakol na pormang korte; Orog pa, sinda madaling makibagay asin nararanga. == Kultura == May panahon kaidto na an mga tauhan na ini isinusulot sana para sa mga karawat asin sa harong. Ngonyan, makukua na iyan sa dakol na usong estilo asin isinusulot sa laen - laen na pampublikong situwasyon. Huli sa saindang pagranga asin moda, sinda nagin popular na piniling gubing. An mga Sueco puedeng hale sa dakol na laen - laen na materyales asin sa dakol na porma kaiba an mahibog asin mahimpis. An mga Sueco kun beses may kaibang nagkapirang estilo nin pamumuhay arog baga nin kulturang gym o kulturang hip-hop. An nike-species na ini nin paggatol poon pa kan 1980s kun minsan nagresulta sa mahiwas na mga kodigo nin gubing na may mga paluwas na direktang nagbabawal kan pagsulot nin mga gatol sa saindang solar, kaiba an pirang mga cafés na Aleman asin an sarong awad na bilang nin mga kun banggi sa bilog na kinaban.<ref>McLennan-Dillabough, Sarah. "Mediating Access: The Utilization of Status Evaluation Processes in the Work of Bouncing." The Arbutus Review 4.1 (2013): 45–62</ref> == Baryasyon == Kadakol nin pagkakaiba sa disenyong panggahasa na igwang sadiring mga kategorya nin parehas na mga panitik. Kaiba sa mga diyalektong ini an mga pangkilant na moda, paros, luhay-luhay na pants, asin muscle pants === Fashion pants === An mga panisi parateng nanonongod sa mapag - aram na mga isport. sportswear An mga pawa na ini parateng gibo sa laen - laen na materyales, siring sa velvet o salin, asin sa dakol na kombinasyon nin kolor. satin An sarong nagpapamidbid na karakteristiko iyo na an usong mga pan - akit sa pankagabsan mayo kan mga bandang praktikal sa mga bukol. Sinda ibinibilang na sarong klase nin gubing na daing kamanungdanan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-030-46843-9|title=Sportswomen's Apparel Around the World|year=2021|isbn=978-3-030-46842-2|series=New Femininities in Digital, Physical and Sporting Cultures|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46843-9}}</ref> === Windpants === An mga ganador nakakaagid sa mga gatol pero mas magian asin protektado sa nagsusulot nin malipot na duros imbes na sa mga insulado. An mga ganador tipikal na gibo sa polyester o nylon, na may linyang gibo sa gapas o polyester. An natural na pagkakaramas kan nylon na materyal kontra sa saiya man sana sagkod sa mga tabay nin tawo naggigibo nin "mga tanog sa panahon nin paglakaw. An mga ganador parateng may nakaaapektar sa lambang buko - buko, na tinotogotan an mga atleta na haleon an katapusan kan kada tabay, na tinotogotan na butongon an mga parte sa ibabaw kan saindang bitis. === Tearaway pants === An mga tauhan nin Tearaway, na inaapod man na parabaway, parasing-atong pants, o mga popter pankayaw. An mga pantalgas sa duros na may mga sugap an laba kan duwang tabay. An mga sangkayaw nagtutugot sa mga atleta na halion an saindang mga luhay-luhay na pansin sa napapanahon na paagi tanganing makibale sa pirang isports. Basketball asin field an duwang isport na pinakakomun na iinaasosyar sa mga taid nin luha. == Toltolan == <references />{{Moda-poon}} 0p4gkp9n25uot34uw76ejjovpxpykc3 306389 306388 2026-06-10T09:14:24Z KnowRight 31691 306389 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Sweatpants.jpg|thumb|290x290px|Tolong hubin na lalaki na nakasulot nin tradisyon na kulay abong mga jogging pants]] An '''jogging pants''' indiperenteng klase nin malumhok na mga paraparibok o atletikong mga katuyohan, minsan ngani iyan isinusulot na ngonyan sa dakol na laen - laen na situwasyon. Sa United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, asin South Africa, inaapod sindang tugsuit an irarom. Sa Australia asin New Zealand, sinda midbid man sa apod na mga strackants, Sa Pilipinas, sinda inaapod na "mga panwili."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pryor|first=Lisa|date=25 October 2002|title=In her tracky daks, a Hollywood star turns invisible|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/in-her-tracky-daks-a-hollywood-star-turns-invisible-20021025-gdfr8o.html|website=Sydney Morning Herald|quote=Naomi Watts: 'I look like a completely different person when I just wake up and get my tracky daks on'}}</ref> == Kasaysayan == An enot na padis nin gatol pigbisto kan mga 1920 kan Émile Camuset, an kagmukna kan Le Coq Sportif. An mga ini simpleng tinakodan nin abohon na mga jersey na nagpapangyari sa mga atleta na makaunat asin makadalagan nin komportable. An mga Sueco nagin ordinaryo na sana sa Olimpikong Karawat kan huring mga taon nin 1930, asin naheling sa dakol na atleta kan suminunod na mga dekada. Kan huri, iinintrodusir ni Adidas an waysuit na ikinonektar an mga paraot sa agihan sa itaas kan 1964, na nagbukas kan dalan para sa pagigin angay. An paglangkaw nin kultura sa trabaho, siring man an pagkamundag nin hip-hop kan 1980s America, nagbunga nin pagpabantog kan mga gatol siring kan paglibang sagkod kan kalyewear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hellstarsweatpants.com/|title=About Hellstar Sweatpants Collection|website=hellstarsweatpants.com|date=10 June 2026}}</ref> Nagkontribuwer man an mga estudyante kan Kolehiyo sa paggadyág sa popularidad sa Estados Unidos. Poon pa kan mga 1910, an "sportsswear" nagin sapat sa estilong pankolehiyo asin kan mga 1970 asin 80s paradisenyo nagpoon na iladawan liwat an "jersey kniit tela na ginamit para sa giym garb" sa mga gubing para sa pangaroaldaw na gubing kan mga estudyante. ⁇ .jersey.<ref>Clemente, Deirdre. ''Dress Casual : How College Students Redefined American Style'', University of North Carolina Press, 2014. ''ProQuest Ebook Central'', <nowiki>https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bu/detail.action?docID=1663559</nowiki>.</ref> Sa ibong kan saindang paglataw sa popular na kultura, an mga naggatol parateng kinikritikar sa mayor na media kan mga taon 1990 asin enot na mga taon nin 2000; sa sitcom kan mga Amerikano na si Seinfeld, an karakter sa titulo, si Jerry, nagsabi sa saiyang amigo "Sinasabihan mo an kinaban na binayaan mo" kan magluwas siya sa sweatpants. Nagbago an pag - ayuno durante kan COVID-19 pandemic asin kan ibinungang pag - oswag sa puerang gibohon. remote work Nagdakul an mga sabon puon pa kan 2019, asin dakul na haralangkaw na brand nin moda an nagbalyo pasiring sa paggibo nin mas simple asin maliputon na hitsura. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/apr/25/no-sweat-how-tracksuit-bottoms-became-the-height-of-lockdown-fashion|title=No sweat: how tracksuit bottoms became the height of lockdown fashion; Sales of sweatpants soar as fashionistas embrace the joys of an elasticated waistline in their working-from-home outfits|first=Priya|last=Elan|website=The Guardian|date=25 April 2020}}</ref><ref>Hunt, Kenya. "Sweatpants are no longer 'a sign of defeat' – every day you get dressed is a win." ''Washington Post'', 10 Feb. 2021. ''Gale Academic OneFile'', link.gale.com/apps/doc/A651370688/AONE?u=mlin_b_bumml&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=d616728e. Accessed 30 Sept. 2021.</ref> == Disenyo == An mga Esweater parateng gibo sa maating mga tela na gibo sa mga alahas na may laen - laen na timbang, kaiba an saro sanang jersey, dobleng jersey, rackack jersey, asin loopback jersey (terry). An mga ini parehas na estilong pan'arte asin parati may madaling ma'saw na habayan na may nag'aanting closure. ⁇ .waistby. Tibaad igwa o mayo sinda nin mga lupad asin bulsa. An nagkapirang naggatol puede man na magtampok nin garo siklay na mga pidaso sa pinakahahoy kan tabay. An mga Sueco tradisyonal na an abo abohon sa kolor alagad ngonyan makukua na sa kadaklan na kolor. Tradisyonal na "bagyo" nanggad asin hubal na, an mga gatol makukua man ngonyan sa mas dakol na pormang korte; Orog pa, sinda madaling makibagay asin nararanga. == Kultura == May panahon kaidto na an mga tauhan na ini isinusulot sana para sa mga karawat asin sa harong. Ngonyan, makukua na iyan sa dakol na usong estilo asin isinusulot sa laen - laen na pampublikong situwasyon. Huli sa saindang pagranga asin moda, sinda nagin popular na piniling gubing. An mga Sueco puedeng hale sa dakol na laen - laen na materyales asin sa dakol na porma kaiba an mahibog asin mahimpis. An mga Sueco kun beses may kaibang nagkapirang estilo nin pamumuhay arog baga nin kulturang gym o kulturang hip-hop. An nike-species na ini nin paggatol poon pa kan 1980s kun minsan nagresulta sa mahiwas na mga kodigo nin gubing na may mga paluwas na direktang nagbabawal kan pagsulot nin mga gatol sa saindang solar, kaiba an pirang mga cafés na Aleman asin an sarong awad na bilang nin mga kun banggi sa bilog na kinaban.<ref>McLennan-Dillabough, Sarah. "Mediating Access: The Utilization of Status Evaluation Processes in the Work of Bouncing." The Arbutus Review 4.1 (2013): 45–62</ref> == Baryasyon == Kadakol nin pagkakaiba sa disenyong panggahasa na igwang sadiring mga kategorya nin parehas na mga panitik. Kaiba sa mga diyalektong ini an mga pangkilant na moda, paros, luhay-luhay na pants, asin muscle pants === Fashion pants === An mga panisi parateng nanonongod sa mapag - aram na mga isport. sportswear An mga pawa na ini parateng gibo sa laen - laen na materyales, siring sa velvet o salin, asin sa dakol na kombinasyon nin kolor. satin An sarong nagpapamidbid na karakteristiko iyo na an usong mga pan - akit sa pankagabsan mayo kan mga bandang praktikal sa mga bukol. Sinda ibinibilang na sarong klase nin gubing na daing kamanungdanan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-030-46843-9|title=Sportswomen's Apparel Around the World|year=2021|isbn=978-3-030-46842-2|series=New Femininities in Digital, Physical and Sporting Cultures|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46843-9}}</ref> === Windpants === An mga ganador nakakaagid sa mga gatol pero mas magian asin protektado sa nagsusulot nin malipot na duros imbes na sa mga insulado. An mga ganador tipikal na gibo sa polyester o nylon, na may linyang gibo sa gapas o polyester. An natural na pagkakaramas kan nylon na materyal kontra sa saiya man sana sagkod sa mga tabay nin tawo naggigibo nin "mga tanog sa panahon nin paglakaw. An mga ganador parateng may nakaaapektar sa lambang buko - buko, na tinotogotan an mga atleta na haleon an katapusan kan kada tabay, na tinotogotan na butongon an mga parte sa ibabaw kan saindang bitis. === Tearaway pants === An mga tauhan nin Tearaway, na inaapod man na parabaway, parasing-atong pants, o mga popter pankayaw. An mga pantalgas sa duros na may mga sugap an laba kan duwang tabay. An mga sangkayaw nagtutugot sa mga atleta na halion an saindang mga luhay-luhay na pansin sa napapanahon na paagi tanganing makibale sa pirang isports. Basketball asin field an duwang isport na pinakakomun na iinaasosyar sa mga taid nin luha. == Toltolan == <references />{{Moda-poon}} rpsmbp4jjfbvrfdezgtem5sl5zlpkbo 306390 306389 2026-06-10T09:25:23Z KnowRight 31691 306390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Ladawan:Sweatpants.jpg|thumb|290x290px|Tolong hubin na lalaki na nakasulot nin tradisyon na kulay abong mga jogging pants]] An '''jogging pants''' indiperenteng klase nin malumhok na mga paraparibok o atletikong mga katuyohan, minsan ngani iyan isinusulot na ngonyan sa dakol na laen - laen na situwasyon. Sa United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, asin South Africa, inaapod sindang tugsuit an irarom. Sa Australia asin New Zealand, sinda midbid man sa apod na mga strackants, Sa Pilipinas, sinda inaapod na "mga panwili."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pryor|first=Lisa|date=25 October 2002|title=In her tracky daks, a Hollywood star turns invisible|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/movies/in-her-tracky-daks-a-hollywood-star-turns-invisible-20021025-gdfr8o.html|website=Sydney Morning Herald|quote=Naomi Watts: 'I look like a completely different person when I just wake up and get my tracky daks on'}}</ref> == Kasaysayan == An enot na padis nin gatol pigbisto kan mga 1920 kan Émile Camuset, an kagmukna kan Le Coq Sportif. An mga ini simpleng tinakodan nin abohon na mga jersey na nagpapangyari sa mga atleta na makaunat asin makadalagan nin komportable. An mga Sueco nagin ordinaryo na sana sa Olimpikong Karawat kan huring mga taon nin 1930, asin naheling sa dakol na atleta kan suminunod na mga dekada. Kan huri, iinintrodusir ni Adidas an waysuit na ikinonektar an mga paraot sa agihan sa itaas kan 1964, na nagbukas kan dalan para sa pagigin angay. An paglangkaw nin kultura sa trabaho, siring man an pagkamundag nin hip-hop kan 1980s America, nagbunga nin pagpabantog kan mga gatol siring kan paglibang sagkod kan kalyewear.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hellstarsweatpants.com/|title=About Hellstar Sweatpants Collection|website=hellstarsweatpants.com|date=10 June 2026}}</ref> Nagkontribuwer man an mga estudyante kan Kolehiyo sa paggadyág sa popularidad sa Estados Unidos. Poon pa kan mga 1910, an "sportsswear" nagin sapat sa estilong pankolehiyo asin kan mga 1970 asin 80s paradisenyo nagpoon na iladawan liwat an "jersey kniit tela na ginamit para sa giym garb" sa mga gubing para sa pangaroaldaw na gubing kan mga estudyante. ⁇ .jersey.<ref>Clemente, Deirdre. ''Dress Casual : How College Students Redefined American Style'', University of North Carolina Press, 2014. ''ProQuest Ebook Central'', <nowiki>https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/bu/detail.action?docID=1663559</nowiki>.</ref> Sa ibong kan saindang paglataw sa popular na kultura, an mga naggatol parateng kinikritikar sa mayor na media kan mga taon 1990 asin enot na mga taon nin 2000; sa sitcom kan mga Amerikano na si Seinfeld, an karakter sa titulo, si Jerry, nagsabi sa saiyang amigo "Sinasabihan mo an kinaban na binayaan mo" kan magluwas siya sa sweatpants. Nagbago an pag - ayuno durante kan COVID-19 pandemic asin kan ibinungang pag - oswag sa puerang gibohon. remote work Nagdakul an mga sabon puon pa kan 2019, asin dakul na haralangkaw na brand nin moda an nagbalyo pasiring sa paggibo nin mas simple asin maliputon na hitsura. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2020/apr/25/no-sweat-how-tracksuit-bottoms-became-the-height-of-lockdown-fashion|title=No sweat: how tracksuit bottoms became the height of lockdown fashion; Sales of sweatpants soar as fashionistas embrace the joys of an elasticated waistline in their working-from-home outfits|first=Priya|last=Elan|website=The Guardian|date=25 April 2020}}</ref><ref>Hunt, Kenya. "Sweatpants are no longer 'a sign of defeat' – every day you get dressed is a win." ''Washington Post'', 10 Feb. 2021. ''Gale Academic OneFile'', link.gale.com/apps/doc/A651370688/AONE?u=mlin_b_bumml&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=d616728e. Accessed 30 Sept. 2021.</ref> == Disenyo == [[Ladawan:BlueHellstarRacerFlaredSweats2.webp|thumb|alt=Hellstar Studios Records Yoga Sweatpants|{{center|Hellstar Yoga Sweatpants}}]] An mga Esweater parateng gibo sa maating mga tela na gibo sa mga alahas na may laen - laen na timbang, kaiba an saro sanang jersey, dobleng jersey, rackack jersey, asin loopback jersey (terry). An mga ini parehas na estilong pan'arte asin parati may madaling ma'saw na habayan na may nag'aanting closure. ⁇ .waistby. Tibaad igwa o mayo sinda nin mga lupad asin bulsa. An nagkapirang naggatol puede man na magtampok nin garo siklay na mga pidaso sa pinakahahoy kan tabay. An mga Sueco tradisyonal na an abo abohon sa kolor alagad ngonyan makukua na sa kadaklan na kolor. Tradisyonal na "bagyo" nanggad asin hubal na, an mga gatol makukua man ngonyan sa mas dakol na pormang korte; Orog pa, sinda madaling makibagay asin nararanga. == Kultura == May panahon kaidto na an mga tauhan na ini isinusulot sana para sa mga karawat asin sa harong. Ngonyan, makukua na iyan sa dakol na usong estilo asin isinusulot sa laen - laen na pampublikong situwasyon. Huli sa saindang pagranga asin moda, sinda nagin popular na piniling gubing. An mga Sueco puedeng hale sa dakol na laen - laen na materyales asin sa dakol na porma kaiba an mahibog asin mahimpis. An mga Sueco kun beses may kaibang nagkapirang estilo nin pamumuhay arog baga nin kulturang gym o kulturang hip-hop. An nike-species na ini nin paggatol poon pa kan 1980s kun minsan nagresulta sa mahiwas na mga kodigo nin gubing na may mga paluwas na direktang nagbabawal kan pagsulot nin mga gatol sa saindang solar, kaiba an pirang mga cafés na Aleman asin an sarong awad na bilang nin mga kun banggi sa bilog na kinaban.<ref>McLennan-Dillabough, Sarah. "Mediating Access: The Utilization of Status Evaluation Processes in the Work of Bouncing." The Arbutus Review 4.1 (2013): 45–62</ref> == Baryasyon == Kadakol nin pagkakaiba sa disenyong panggahasa na igwang sadiring mga kategorya nin parehas na mga panitik. Kaiba sa mga diyalektong ini an mga pangkilant na moda, paros, luhay-luhay na pants, asin muscle pants === Fashion pants === An mga panisi parateng nanonongod sa mapag - aram na mga isport. sportswear An mga pawa na ini parateng gibo sa laen - laen na materyales, siring sa velvet o salin, asin sa dakol na kombinasyon nin kolor. satin An sarong nagpapamidbid na karakteristiko iyo na an usong mga pan - akit sa pankagabsan mayo kan mga bandang praktikal sa mga bukol. Sinda ibinibilang na sarong klase nin gubing na daing kamanungdanan.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-030-46843-9|title=Sportswomen's Apparel Around the World|year=2021|isbn=978-3-030-46842-2|series=New Femininities in Digital, Physical and Sporting Cultures|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-46843-9}}</ref> === Windpants === An mga ganador nakakaagid sa mga gatol pero mas magian asin protektado sa nagsusulot nin malipot na duros imbes na sa mga insulado. An mga ganador tipikal na gibo sa polyester o nylon, na may linyang gibo sa gapas o polyester. An natural na pagkakaramas kan nylon na materyal kontra sa saiya man sana sagkod sa mga tabay nin tawo naggigibo nin "mga tanog sa panahon nin paglakaw. An mga ganador parateng may nakaaapektar sa lambang buko - buko, na tinotogotan an mga atleta na haleon an katapusan kan kada tabay, na tinotogotan na butongon an mga parte sa ibabaw kan saindang bitis. === Tearaway pants === An mga tauhan nin Tearaway, na inaapod man na parabaway, parasing-atong pants, o mga popter pankayaw. An mga pantalgas sa duros na may mga sugap an laba kan duwang tabay. An mga sangkayaw nagtutugot sa mga atleta na halion an saindang mga luhay-luhay na pansin sa napapanahon na paagi tanganing makibale sa pirang isports. Basketball asin field an duwang isport na pinakakomun na iinaasosyar sa mga taid nin luha. == Toltolan == <references />{{Moda-poon}} qexd1jfl73uaj12rhumqhucqro8mmn5 0 39971 306376 287904 2026-06-09T19:20:35Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artist | name = Frédéric Bazille | image = Frédéric Bazille 004.jpg | imagesize = | caption = Frédéric Bazille, ''Self-portrait,'' 1865–1866, oil on canvas, [[Art Institute of Chicago]] | birth_name = Jean Frédéric Bazille | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1841|12|06}} | birth_place = [[Montpellier]], [[Hérault]], [[Languedoc-Roussillon]], France | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1870|11|28|1841|12|06}} | death_place = [[Beaune-la-Rolande]], Pransya | nationality = Pranses | field = Pagpintura | training = | movement = [[Impresionismo]] | works = | spouse = }} Si '''Jean Frédéric Bazille''' (Desyembre 6, 1841 – Nobyembre 28, 1870) sarong Pranses [[Impresionismo|Impresionista]]ng pintor. Kadaklan kan ki Basille na mayor na trabaho ehemplo nin inapod na [[pigurang pagpintura]] kun saen ibinubugtak niya an pigpipintang pigura sa tahaw nin sarong pinintang ta'nawon ''[[en plein air]]''.<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://www.wetcanvas.com/Museum/Artists/b/Frederic_Bazille/index.html |title=Frédéric Bazille: A Tragic Story |publisher=WetCanvas |access-date=June 20, 2011 |archive-date=July 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726022317/http://www.wetcanvas.com/Museum/Artists/b/Frederic_Bazille/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Buhay asin trabaho== [[File:Frédéric Bazille - Bazille's Studio - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|333px|''[[Studio in Rue de La Condamine]],'' 1870, [[Musée d'Orsay]], [[Paris]]. Sa mga amigo ni Bazille natampok iyo sinda [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] nakatukaw, asin si [[Édouard Manet]] kataid ni Bazille, na pininta niya sadiri na nagpipinta.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Art Book|year=1994|publisher=Phaidon Press|page=33|ISBN=91-0-056859-7|url=http://uk.phaidon.com/store/art/the-art-book-mini-format-9780714836256/|access-date=2022-11-22|archive-date=2012-08-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815215224/http://uk.phaidon.com/store/art/the-art-book-mini-format-9780714836256/|dead-url=yes}}</ref>]] Si Frédéric Bazille namundag sa [[Montpellier]], [[Hérault]], [[Languedoc-Roussillon]], Pransya, sa sarong pamilyang mayaman nagnenegosyo sa mga arak. Si Bazille nagdakula sa Le Domaine de Méric, lugar na nagpoprodyusir nin arak sa [[Castelnau-le-Lez]], haraning Montpellier, na pagrorogaring kan saiyang pamilya.<ref>{{Cite news|title= Domaine de Méric - Ville de Montpellier|website=montpellier.fr |date=January 8, 2015 |url=https://www.montpellier.fr/440-domaine-de-meric.htm |accessdate=2022-07-11}}</ref> Nagin siyang interesado sa pagpintura kan madalan niya mga pininta ni [[Eugène Delacroix]]. An pamilya niya nag'uyon na siya mag'adal pagpinta, alagad basta siya mag'adal man nin medisina.<ref name="bio"/> Si Bazille nagpoon pag'adal sa medisina kan 1859, asin nag'isog sa [[Paris]] kan 1862 sa pagpadagos kan saiyang adal. Duman nasumpongan niya si [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]] asin si [[Alfred Sisley]], asin naengganyo siya sa pagpinturang Impresyonista; siya nagpoon nang magklase sa studio ni [[Charles Gleyre]]. Kan siya luminagpak sa eksamen niya sa medisina kan 1864, nagpoon na siyang magpintang todo. An mga kaugos niyang amigo iyo sinda [[Claude Monet]], [[Alfred Sisley]] asin [[Édouard Manet]]. Si Bazille maluwag sa saiyang yaman asin nagtatabang sa mga tios niyang mga kairiba paagi nin pagtao nin espasyo na malugaran sa studio niya asin pati pagpagamit kan saiyang mga materyales.<ref name="bio"/> Si Bazille 20 pa sana kan napinta niya an magkapirang mga bantog na mga obra, kabali diyan an ''[[The Pink Dress]]'' (c. 1864, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris). An pinturang ini pigsaro an pagpinta niya sa saiyang sobrina, Thérèse des Hours, na naaaninag sa likod kan nasasaldangan na kaumahan na saiyang pigmamasdan.<ref>Rosenblum, 1989, p. 225</ref> His best-known painting is ''[[Family Reunion (painting)|Family Reunion]]'' of 1867–1868 (Musée d'Orsay, Paris). Si Frédéric Bazille nagbali sa [[Zouave]] na regiment kan Agosto 1870, sarong bulan pagputok kan [[Gera Franco-Prusyano]]. Kan Nobyembre 28 kan taon na iyan, siya kaiba sa yunit sa [[Batalya sa Beaune-la-Rolande]] kan, an saiyang opisyal nalugadan, saiyang pigboot na magmando sa saiyang grupo na lusobon an posisyon kan mga Aleman. Siya natamaan duwang beses duman sa nasudong pag'atake asin nagadan sa lantad nin labanan sa edad na beynte otso. An ama niya nagbyahe sa lugar na saiyang nagadanan saka binawe an saiyang bangkay ta ilinubong sa Montpellier.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gotlieb |first1=Marc |title=The Deaths of Henri Regnault |date=2016 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-27604-5 |page=185 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2017/frederic-bazille-and-the-birth-of-impressionism.html|title=Frédéric Bazille and the Birth of Impressionism|website=www.nga.gov|access-date=2018-10-19}}</ref> ==Mayor na mga obra== {{main|Lista nin mga pintura ni Frédéric Bazille}} * ''[[The Pink Dress|La robe rose]]'', (1864) – <small> 147 x 110&nbsp;cm, [[Musée d'Orsay]], Paris </small> * ''[[Studio on Rue Furstenberg]]'', (1865) – <small> 80 x 65&nbsp;cm, [[Musée Fabre]], [[Montpellier]] </small> * ''[[Aigues-Mortes]]'', (1867) – <small> 46 x 55&nbsp;cm, Musée Fabre, Montpellier </small> * ''[[Autoportrait (Bazille)|Self-portrait]]'', (1865) – <small> 109 x72 cm, [[Art Institute of Chicago]] </small> * ''[[The Family Reunion (painting)|Family Reunion]]'', (1867) – <small> 152 x 230&nbsp;cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris </small> * ''[[Le Pécheur à l'épervier]]'', (1868) – <small> 134 x 83&nbsp;cm, [[Fondation Rau pour le tiers-monde]], [[Zürich]] </small> * ''[[View of the Village]]'', (1868) – <small> 130 x 89&nbsp;cm, Musée Fabre, Montpellier </small> * ''[[Scène d'été]]'', (1869) – <small> 158 x 158&nbsp;cm, [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Harvard University]] </small> * ''[[La Toilette (Bazille)|La Toilette]]'', (1870) – <small> 132 x 127&nbsp;cm., Musée Fabre, Montpellier </small> * ''[[Studio in Rue de La Condamine|L'Atelier de la rue Condamine]]'', (1870) – <small> 98 x 128.5&nbsp;cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris </small> * ''[[Paysage au bord du Lez]]'', (1870) – <small> 137.8 x 202.5&nbsp;cm, [[The Minneapolis Institute of Arts]], [[Minneapolis]] </small> ==Galeriya== [[File:Pierre-Auguste Renoir - Frédéric Bazille.jpg|thumb|[[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], ''[[Frédéric Bazille at his Easel|Frédéric Bazille painting The Heron]]'']] <gallery widths="154" heights="168" perrow="4"> File:Bazille, Frédéric - Self Portrait.jpeg|''Self Portrait,'' unknown date File:Frédéric Bazille Study of Trees.jpg|''Study of Trees'', 1863 File:Jean Frédéric Bazille - Reclining Nude - 1864.jpg|''Reclining Nude'', 1864 File:Frédéric Bazille - The Pink Dress - Google Art Project.jpg|''[[The Pink Dress|The Pink Dress (View of Castelnau-le-Lez, Hérault)]],'' 1864, oil on canvas, [[Musée d'Orsay]] File:Bazille, Frédéric - Chailly.jpeg|''Chailly'', 1865, [[Musée Fabre]], [[Montpellier]] File:Bazille Sutdio in the rue de Furstenberg.jpg|''[[Studio on Rue Furstenberg]]'', 1865, [[Musée Fabre]], Montpellier File:Jean Frédéric Bazille - Little Italian Street Singer 1866.jpg|''Little Italian Street Singer'', 1866 File:Frédéric Bazille - The Little Gardener - Google Art Project.jpg|''Le Petit Jardinier (The Little Gardener),'' c. 1866–67, oil on canvas [[Museum of Fine Arts, Houston]] File:Frédéric Bazille - Nature morte avec du poisson.jpg|''Nature morte avec du poisson'', Still life with fish, c. 1866–67 File:Renoir by Bazille.jpg|''Portrait of Renoir'', 1867, oil on canvas, [[Musée d'Orsay]] File:Bazille, Frédéric - Aigues-Mortes.jpeg|''[[Aigues-Mortes]]'', 1867 File:Frédéric Bazille 001.jpg|''[[The Family Reunion (painting)|The Family Reunion]]'', c. 1867, [[Musée d'Orsay]] File:Bazille-Nature morte au héron.JPG|''Nature morte au héron'', 1867 File:Jean Frédéric Bazille - Etude pour une vendange (left) 1868.jpg|''Etude pour une vendange'', 1868 File:Bazille, Frédéric ~ View of the Village, 1868.jpg|''[[View of the Village]]'', 1868, [[Musée Fabre]], Montpellier File:Bazille - Pêcheur à l'épervier.jpg|''Fisherman with a Net'', 1868 File:Bazille, Frédéric - Portrait of Alphonse Tissie.jpeg|''Portrait of Alphonse Tissie'', 1868, [[Musée Fabre]], Montpellier File:Bazille, Frederic — Flowers — 1868.jpg|''Flowers'', 1868 File:Frédéric Bazille - Portrait de Paul Verlaine comme une Troubadour.jpg|''Portrait of [[Paul Verlaine]]'', 1868, [[Dallas Museum of Art]] File:Bazille, Frédéric ~ Summer Scene, 1869, Oil on canvas Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts.jpg|''[[Scène d'été]],'' 1869, [[Fogg Art Museum]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] File:Bazille, Frédéric - Portrait of Edmond Maitre.jpeg|''Portrait of [[Edmond Maître]]'', 1869 File:Bazille La Toilette.jpg|''[[La Toilette (Bazille)|La Toilette]]'', 1870, [[Musée Fabre]] File:Frédéric Bazille, Young Woman with Peonies, 1870, NGA 61356.jpg|''[[Black Woman with Peonies]]'', 1870, [[National Gallery of Art]] File:Frederic Bazille Paysage au bord du Lez.jpg|''Paysage au bord du Lez'', 1870, oil on canvas, [[Minneapolis Institute of Arts]] </gallery> ==Hilnga man== * ''[[A Studio at Les Batignolles]]'' ==Mga panandaan== {{Reflist}} ==Toltolan== *Pitman, Dianne W. (1998). ''Bazille: Purity, Pose and Painting in the 1860s.'' University Park: Penn State University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-271-01700-6}}. *Rosenblum, Robert (1989). ''Paintings in the Musée d'Orsay''. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang. {{ISBN|1-55670-099-7}} ==Mga panluwas na takod== {{Wikiquote|Frédéric Bazille}} {{Commons category|Frédéric Bazille}} *[http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/collection-search-result.html?artist=Bazille%2C%20Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric Frédéric Bazille at the National Gallery of Art] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170133/http://www.nga.gov/content/ngaweb/collection-search-result.html?artist=Bazille%2C%20Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric |date=2017-02-04 }} * [http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=499 Bazille Gallery at MuseumSyndicate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100913054618/http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=499 |date=2010-09-13 }} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/78705/rec/222 ''Impressionism: a centenary exhibition''], ''an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (PDF available online), which contains material on Bazille'' (p.&nbsp;37–39) {{Poon}}{{Authority control (arts)}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bazille, Frederic}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1841 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1870 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga Artista haleng Montpellier]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-19ng siglong mga Pranses na pintor]] [[Kategorya:Mga lalaking Pranses na pintor]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pranses na protestante]] [[Kategorya:Mga Occitano]] [[Kategorya:Mga Orientalistang pintor]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pranses na militar sa Franco-Prusyanong Gera]] [[Kategorya:Mga Pranses na militar nagadan sa batalya]] [[Kategorya:Kagadanan huli sa badil sa Pransya]] [[Kategorya:Mga Impresionistang Pranses na pintor]] [[KategoryA:Mga ika-19ng siglong mga lalaking Pranses na artista]] ejl9g4fpmllr2tsaqzb92q0nsu7r3n3 0 45379 306379 292213 2026-06-09T23:05:50Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox political party | native_name = حزب الله<br />{{transl|ar|DIN|Ḥizbu 'llāh}} | native_name_lang = ar | logo = | logo_size = 150px | leader1_title = | leader1_name = | foundation = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1985}} (official) | founder = [[Abbas al-Musawi|Sayyed Abbas Al-Musawi]] | wing1_title = [[Parliamentary group]] | wing1 = [[Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/37247 |title=Fadlallah Hits Back at March 14 over Karam Release, Marouni Slams "Treason Accusations" |publisher=Naharnet |date=April 18, 2013}}</ref> | wing2_title = Paramilitary wing | wing2 = Islamic Resistance in Lebanon<br/>[[Lebanese Resistance Brigades]] | ideology = {{Unbulleted list|class=nowrap | [[Islamism|Islamic]] [[Religious nationalism|nationalism]]<ref name="Dalacoura 2012">{{Cite book |author-last=Dalacoura |author-first=Katerina |year=2012 |chapter=Islamist Terrorism and National Liberation: Hamas and Hizbullah |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PlTKrMFyawoC&pg=PA66 |title=Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=66–96 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511977367.004 |isbn=978-0-511-97736-7 |lccn=2010047275 |s2cid=150958046}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Ekaterina|last=Stepanova|url=http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf|title=Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143530/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-10|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2008|page=113}}</ref> | [[Pan-Islamism]]<ref name="Dalacoura 2012"/> | [[Political thought and legacy of Ruhollah Khomeini|Khomeinism]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad"/> | [[Jihad#Shia|Shi'a]] [[Jihadism]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad">{{cite report |author=Philip Smyth |date=February 2015 |title=The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Studies |pages=7–8 |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150705/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf }}</ref> | [[Sectarianism]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Hezbollah, the Lebanese Sectarian State, and Sectarianism |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/hezbollah-lebanese-sectarian-state-and-sectarianism |publisher=Middle East Institute |access-date=13 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bassel F |first1=Salloukh |title=The Sectarian Image Reversed: The Role of Geopolitics in Hezbollah's Domestic Politics |url=https://pomeps.org/the-sectarian-image-reversed-the-role-of-geopolitics-in-hezbollahs-domestic-politics |publisher=Middle East political science |date=2015}}</ref> | [[Anti-imperialism]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Elie Alagha |first=Joseph |title=Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto |year=2011 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=978-90-8555-037-2 |pages=15, 20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&pg=PA15}}<br />{{cite book |last=Shehata |first=Samer |title=Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change |year=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-78361-3 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhl_E-XAeLYC&pg=PA176}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Husseinia |first=Rola El |title=Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria |journal=Third World Quarterly |year=2010 |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=803–15 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2010.502695|s2cid=219628295 }}</ref> | [[Anti-Western sentiment|Anti-West]]<ref name="Dalacoura 2012"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Levitt |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Levitt |year=2013 |title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God |page=356 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA356 |quote="Hezbollah's anti-Western militancy began with attacks against Western targets in Lebanon, then expanded to attacks abroad intended to exact revenge for actions threatening its or Iran's interests, or to press foreign governments to release captured operatives." |isbn=978-1-84904-333-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9QycqW1qogC&pg=PA267 |title=An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences |page=267 |quote=Based upon these beliefs, Hezbollah became vehemently anti-West and anti-Israel. |isbn=978-0-415-63540-0 |last1=Hanhimäki |first1=Jussi M. |last2=Blumenau |first2=Bernhard |year=2013|publisher=Routledge }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MkxxSUSTuEC&pg=PT421 |title=Criminology: Theories, Patterns & Typology |page=396 |quote=Hezbollah is anti-West and anti-Israel and has engaged in a series of terrorist actions including kidnappings, car bombings, and airline hijackings. |isbn=978-1-133-04964-7 |last1=Siegel |first1=Larry J. |date=3 February 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning }}</ref><ref name="bbc-hi-me"/> | [[Antisemitism]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Julius|first=Anthony|author-link=Anthony Julius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BGkSLxDBNTgC&pg=PA529|title=Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England|via=[[Google Books]]|date=1 May 2015|publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-929705-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Michael|first1=Robert|first2=Philip|last2=Rosen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5927rY-UgoC&pg=PA231|title=Dictionary of Antisemitism from the Earliest Times to the Present|via=Google Books|date=1 May 2015|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5868-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Perry|first=Mark|url=https://archive.org/details/talkingtoterrori00perr/page/n175|page=158|title=Talking to Terrorists: Why America Must Engage with Its Enemies|date=1 May 2015|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-01117-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/International/Analysis-Hezbollahs-lethal-anti-Semitism |title=Analysis: Hezbollah's lethal anti-Semitism |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=12 November 2012 }}</ref> | [[Anti-Zionism]] }} | headquarters = [[Beirut]], Lebanon | slogan = {{native phrase|ar|فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلْغَالِبُونَ}}<br />"Verily the Party of God are they that shall be triumphant" {{qref|5|56|b=y|s=y}} | website = {{URL|http://www.moqawama.org/}} | colours = Yellow and green | colorcode = {{party color|Hezbollah}} | religion = [[Shia Islam]] | national = [[March 8 Alliance]] | international = [[Axis of Resistance]] | seats1_title = Seats in the<br />[[Parliament of Lebanon|Parliament]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx |title=Interior Ministry releases numbers of votes for new MPs |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=9 May 2018 |access-date=24 October 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308112628/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx }}</ref> | seats1 = {{Composition bar|15|128|hex=#F7DF19|per=1}} | country = Lebanon | flag = Flag of Hezbollah.svg{{!}}200px <!--?: | war = {{ublist|class=nowrap |[[Lebanese Civil War]] |[[2006 Lebanon War]] |[[2008 Lebanon Conflict]] |[[Syrian Civil War]]}}-->}} {{Infobox War Faction| | war = the [[Lebanese Civil War]], [[Israeli–Lebanese conflict]], [[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)]], [[2006 Lebanon War]], [[2008 Lebanon Conflict]], [[Syrian Civil War]] and the [[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]] ---- Primary target in [[War on Terror]] | name = | active = 1982–present | ideology = | clans = * Unit 3800<ref name="iq">{{cite web |url=https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/11/hezbollah-fighters-train-iraqi-shiite-militants-near-mosul.php |title=Hezbollah fighters train Iraqi Shiite militants near Mosul |date=5 November 2016 |website=longwarjournal.org – FDD's Long War Journal}}</ref> | headquarters = Lebanon | size = 100,000 {{small|(according to [[Hassan Nasrallah]])}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanons-hezbollah-chief-nasrallah-says-group-has-never-been-stronger-2021-10-18/|title = Lebanon's Hezbollah chief Nasrallah says group has never been stronger|publisher = Reuters|date = 18 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/news/hassan-nasrallah-says-hezbollah-has-100000-fighters|title=Hassan Nasrallah says Hezbollah has 100,000 fighters|first=The New Arab Staff &|last=Agencies|date=18 October 2021|website=english.alaraby.co.uk/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211018-lebanon-hezbollah-chief-says-movement-has-100-000-fighters|title=Lebanon Hezbollah chief says movement has 100,000 fighters|date=18 October 2021|website=France 24}}</ref> | partof = | predecessor = | successor = | allies = '''State allies:''' * {{flag|Iran}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ajc.org/news/hezbollah-is-the-long-arm-of-iran-factsheet-5|title=Hezbollah is the Long Arm of Iran - Factsheet 5|date=20 September 2019 |access-date=February 8, 2023}}</ref> * {{flag|Syria}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/why-assads-alliance-iran-and-hezbollah-will-endure|title=Why Assad's alliance with Iran and Hezbollah will endure|date=February 8, 2019|access-date=February 8, 2023}}</ref> * {{flag|Iraq}}<ref name="iq2">{{cite web |url=http://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/funeral-2-hezbollah-elements-killed-jurf-al-sakhar-baiji/ |title=Iraq admits Lebanese Hezbollah and Iranian RG fight alongside Iraqi security forces |date=9 November 2014 |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615191324/https://www.iraqinews.com/arab-world-news/funeral-2-hezbollah-elements-killed-jurf-al-sakhar-baiji/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 }}</ref> (former: in the war against IS) * {{flag|Lebanon}} (partial)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thetower.org/5354-hezbollah-fights-alongside-laf-demonstrating-its-continuing-control-over-lebanon/ |title=Hezbollah Fights Alongside LAF Demonstrating its Continuing Control over Lebanon |date=21 August 2017 |website=The Tower |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202024824/http://www.thetower.org/5354-hezbollah-fights-alongside-laf-demonstrating-its-continuing-control-over-lebanon/ |archive-date=2 February 2020 }}</ref> * {{flag|Nicaragua}} (alleged)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/whats-behind-nicaraguas-rumored-links-hezbollah | title=What's Behind Nicaragua's Rumored Links to Hezbollah? }}</ref> * {{flag|North Korea}} (alleged, denied by North Korea)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/10998755/North-Korea-denies-reports-of-missile-deal-with-Hamas.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/10998755/North-Korea-denies-reports-of-missile-deal-with-Hamas.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |title=North Korea denies reports of missile deal with Hamas |first=Damien |last=McElroy |date=29 July 2014 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref> * {{flag|Qatar}} (alleged)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/qatar-finances-hezbollah-terrorism-declares-jews-are-enemies-report-635509 | title=Qatar finances Hezbollah terrorism, declares 'Jews are enemies' - report | date=18 July 2020 }}</ref> * {{flag|Russia}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://alwaght.com/en/News/41746/New-Experience-of-Hezbollah-with-Russian-Military |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728190943/http://alwaght.com/en/News/41746/New-Experience-of-Hezbollah-with-Russian-Military |archive-date=28 July 2018 |title=New Experience of Hezbollah with Russian Military |date=2 February 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/russia-is-arming-hezbollah-say-two-of-the-groups-field-commanders |title=Russia is Arming Hezbollah, Say Two of the Group's Field Commanders |newspaper=The Daily Beast |date=11 January 2016 |last1=Rosenfeld |first1=Jesse}}</ref> '''Non-state allies:''' * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Amal Movement.svg}} [[Amal Movement]] *{{flagicon image|Liwa Zainebiyoun infobox flag.png}} [[Liwa Zainebiyoun]] * {{flag|Houthis}} (claimed by Yemeni Hadi government and allies, denied by Hezbollah)<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2018/Jul-11/456144-yemeni-fm-slams-hezbollahs-houthi-support-report.ashx|title=Yemeni FM slams Hezbollah's Houthi support: report|journal=The Daily Star|access-date=28 July 2018|archive-date=28 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728190925/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2018/Jul-11/456144-yemeni-fm-slams-hezbollahs-houthi-support-report.ashx}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-nasrallah-idUSKBN1DK22D|title=Lebanon's Hezbollah denies sending weapons to Yemen|date=20 November 2017|publisher=Reuters}}</ref> * {{flag|Hamas}} * {{Flagicon image|}} [[Popular Mobilization Forces]] <br />''[[Hezbollah foreign relations|See more]]'' | opponents = '''State opponents:''' * {{flag|Israel}}<ref name="Hezbollah – International terrorist organization">{{cite web|url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Hizbullah/Pages/Hezbollah-International-terrorist-organization.aspx|title=Hezbollah – International terrorist organization|date=22 July 2013|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> * {{flag|Turkey}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eurasiantimes.com/israel-impressed-how-turkish-army-crushed-hezbollah-in-idlib-syria/|title=Israel Impressed How Turkish Army Crushed Hezbollah In Idlib, Syria|first=Xavier|last=Francis|date=21 May 2020|website=Latest Asian, Middle-East, EurAsian, Indian News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://m.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/israel-learned-from-hezbollahs-defeat-at-the-hands-of-turkey-628836/amp|title=Israel learned from Hezbollah's defeat at the hands of Turkey|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/turkish-strike-in-syria-kills-nine-hezbollah-members-according-to-source-1.8599581|title=Turkish strike in Syria kills nine Hezbollah members, according to source|newspaper=Haaretz|accessdate=2023-10-10|archivedate=2022-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516100203/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/turkish-strike-in-syria-kills-nine-hezbollah-members-according-to-source-1.8599581}}</ref> '''Non-state opponents:''' * {{flagicon image|Former Flag of the Lebanese Army.svg}} [[South Lebanon Army]] * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_Jihad.svg}} [[Al-Qaeda]] * {{flag|Islamic State}} * {{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} [[Free Syrian Army]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Al-Nusra Front (Variant).svg}} [[Al-Nusra Front]] * [[File:Flag of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham.svg|25px]] [[Tahrir al-Sham|Hayyat Tahrir al-Sham]] * {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.svg|size=20px}} [[People's Mujahedin of Iran]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mojahedin.org/newsen/61627/Beware-Iran%27s-%27Axis-of-Resistance%27|title=Beware Iran's 'Axis of Resistance' &#124; People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI/MEK)|access-date=2020-01-16|archive-date=2021-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031201920/https://english.mojahedin.org/newsen/61627/Beware-Iran%27s-%27Axis-of-Resistance%27|url-status=dead}}</ref> | designated_as_terror_group_by = ''[[Hezbollah foreign relations#Designation as a terrorist organization|See here]]'' | battles = {{plainlist| * [[Lebanese Civil War]] * [[South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)|South Lebanon conflict]] * [[Iran–Iraq War]]<ref name="archive.org5">{{cite web|url=http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211103949/http://memri.org/bin/latestnews.cgi?ID=IA44808 |archive-date=11 February 2009|title= The Iranian Roots of Hizbullah|author=Nimrod Raphaeli|date=11 February 2009|publisher=MEMRI}}</ref> * [[Bosnian War]] * [[2006 Lebanon War]] * [[2008 Lebanon Conflict]] * [[Syrian Civil War]] * [[War in Iraq (2013–2017)]]<ref name="iq"/><ref name="iq2"/>}} ''[[:Category:Battles involving Hezbollah|See details]]'' }} {{Hezbollah}} [[File:Hezbollah guys.jpg|thumb|Mga suldados kan Hezbollah]] An '''Hezbollah''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|ɛ|z|b|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː}};<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Hezbollah|title=The Collins English Dictionary|chapter-url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hezbollah|access-date=7 May 2013|year=2013|publisher=HarperCollins|location=Glasgow}}<br />{{cite book |chapter=Hezbollah |title=Webster's New World College Dictionary|chapter-url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/hezbollah|access-date=7 May 2013|year=2012|publisher=Wiley Publishing, Inc.|location=Cleveland}}</ref> {{lang-ar|حزب الله|Ḥizbu 'llāh}}, {{Literal translation|Party of Allah|Party of God}})<ref>Other [[Romanization of Arabic|transliterations]] include '''Hizbullah''', '''Hizballah''', ''Hizbollah'', ''Hezbolla'', ''Hezballah'', ''Hisbollah'', ''Hizbu'llah'' and ''Hizb [[Allah]]''.</ref>sarong [[Lebanes Shia]] [[Islamista]]ng partido politika asin [[militante]]ng grupo,<ref name="HG20Ak02">{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720154531/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=20 July 2006 |title=Hezbollah's transformation |first=Dahr |last=Jamail |work=Asia Times |date=20 July 2006 |access-date=23 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="CFR">{{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F |title=Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah) |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |date=13 September 2008 |access-date=15 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913091527/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F |archive-date=13 September 2008}}</ref> na pinapamayohan poon pa kan 1992 kanining [[Sekretaryo Heneral nin Hezbollah|Sekretaryo Heneral]] na si [[Hassan Nasrallah]]. An sangang paramilitar kan Hezbollah iyo an Jihad Council,<ref name="LevittP15">{{cite book |last=Levitt |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Levitt |year=2013 |title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God |page=15 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&q=jihad+council+hezbollah&pg=PA14 |quote=... the Jihad Council coordinates 'resistance activity'. |isbn=978-1-84904-333-5}}<br />{{cite news |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/May-15/256484-hezbollah-cutting-costs-as-iranian-aid-dries-up.ashx |title=Hezbollah cutting costs as Iranian aid dries up |first=Antoine |last=Ghattas Saab |work=The Daily Star |quote=...&nbsp;Hezbollah's military wing ... Known as the 'Jihad Council' |date=15 May 2014 |access-date=1 June 2014}}</ref> asin an sangang politikal kaini iyo an [[Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc]] na partido sa [[Parlamento nin Lebanon|Parlamento Lebanes]]. ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya: Hezbollah]] [[Kategorya:Mga Paksyon sa Lebanon na Gera Sibil]] [[Kategorya:Mga Organisasyon sa Asya na designadong terorista]] [[Kategorya:Antisemitismo sa Tangang Subangan]] [[Kategorya:Anti-Zionismo sa Lebanon]] aiof9cnus5u4nyvyv96lya82ybup7he 0 49956 306377 279646 2026-06-09T20:32:18Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306377 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Gilad Shalit Salutes Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.jpg|thumb|300px|Israeli Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] welcoming [[Israel Defense Forces]] soldier Gilad Shalit at [[Tel Nof Airbase|Tel Nof]] after his release from [[Hamas]] captivity]] An inapod na '''Gilad Shalit ribayan-preso''' ({{Lang-he|עסקת שליט}}; {{Lang-ar|صفقة شاليط}}), also known as '''Wafa al-Ahrar''' ({{Lang-ar|وفاء الأحرار}}) ("Faithful to the free"),<ref name="sami2016oct19">{{cite web|url=https://samidoun.net/2016/10/five-years-on-the-wafa-al-ahrar-agreement-and-prisoner-exchange/|title=Five years on: The Wafa al-Ahrar agreement and prisoner exchange|date=19 October 2016}}</ref> nangyari pakatapos kan urulay kan 2011 sa ultan kan [[Israel]] asin [[Hamas]] na palungkason si Israeli soldados na si [[Gilad Shalit]] karibay nin 1,027 mga preso — haros gabos na mga [[Palestino]] asin [[Arabo-Israelita]], dawa totoo igwang nakasalak na [[Mga Ukranyano|Ukranyano]],<ref>[http://en.ria.ru/world/20111019/167855440.html "Ukrainian mother of two among released Palestinian prisoners"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425081526/http://en.ria.ru/world/20111019/167855440.html |date=25 April 2012 }}, En.ria.ru. Retrieved 20 October 2011.</ref> asin sarong [[Demographics of Jordan|Jordanian]]<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/deported-palestinian-prisoners-face-new-life-of-exile-1.987795 "Deported Palestinian prisoners face new life of exile"], Cbc.ca, 13 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.</ref> saka sarong [[Mga Syriano|Syriano]].<ref>[https://archive.today/20120906185851/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/middleeast/news/article_1669893.php/Damascus-ignores-only-Syrian-prisoner-freed-in-Israeli-swap-deal "Damascus ignores only Syrian prisoner freed in Israeli swap deal"], MonstersandCritics.com. 19 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011.</ref> Sa bilang na ini, 280 katawo an sentensyadong [[lawigbuhay na pagkapreso]] huli sa pagplano asin pagkomitir nin manlaen-laen na mga pag'atake sa mga Israeli'ng target.<ref name=autogenerated7>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140105105418/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-10/17/c_131194865.htm "Hamas to gain politically from prisoner swap deal"], xinhuanet.com. 20 October 2011.</ref><ref name=autogenerated8>{{cite news|last=Mishra|first=Harinder|title=Israel to release 1,027 prisoners for its lone soldier|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/israel-to-release-1027-prisoners-for-its-lone-soldier/854824.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111155346/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/israel-to-release-1027-prisoners-for-its-lone-soldier/854824.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2012|access-date=16 October 2011|newspaper=[[IBN Live]]|date=12 October 2011|location=Jerusalem|accessdate=19 October 2024|archivedate=11 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111155346/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/israel-to-release-1027-prisoners-for-its-lone-soldier/854824.html}}</ref> Si Hamas lider militar na si [[Ahmed Jabari]] nasambit sa sarong pan-Arab na peryodiko ''[[Al-Hayat]]'' na nagpapatotoo na an mga presong mapapaluwas sa irarom kan kasundoan responsable sa paggadan nin 569 Israeli.<ref name="ArmyRadio">Army Radio newscast, 20 October 2011.</ref><ref name="haaretz">{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.5201542|title=Shalit's Captors: He Wasn't Tortured, He Received Medical Care and Watched TV|newspaper=Haaretz|accessdate=1 November 2022|archivedate=24 September 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924205358/http://www.haaretz.com/news/shalit-prisoner-swap/shalit-s-captors-he-wasn-t-tortured-he-received-medical-care-and-watched-tv-1.391072}}</ref> An kasunodan nahaman limang taon apat na bulan pakalihis kan pagkadakop kan mga militanteng Palestino si Shalit sa habagatan Israel sa tungod kan [[Gaza Strip]] na pagdolonan. An kasundoan, sa ngonyan, iyo na an pinakadakulang ribayan-preso na linaogan kan Israel asin ini na an pinahalangkaw na presyo an Israewl pig'uyonan karibay sana an sarong soldados na Israeli.<ref>{{cite news|last=Collard|first=Rebecca|title=Gilad Shalit deal: West Bank prepares to welcome Palestinians home|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2011/1017/Gilad-Shalit-deal-West-Bank-prepares-to-welcome-Palestinians-home|access-date=12 October 2012|newspaper=The Christian Science Monitor|date=17 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Issacharoff |first=Avi |url=http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/2.244/israel-and-hamas-are-both-winners-and-losers-in-shalit-swap-deal-1.389472 |title=Israel and Hamas are both winners and losers in Shalit swap deal |work=Haaretz |date=15 March 2011 |access-date=7 October 2012 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924025419/http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/2.244/israel-and-hamas-are-both-winners-and-losers-in-shalit-swap-deal-1.389472 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Si Gilad Shalit iyo man an pinakaenot na Isreali'ng soldados na pinalungkas na buhay sa laog nin 26 na taon.<ref>{{cite news|last=Knell|first=Yolanda|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19961517|title=Shalit-prisoners exchange: One year on|work=BBC|date=18 October 2012 |access-date=18 October 2012}}</ref> ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:2011 sa Israel]] [[Kategorya:Extradition in 2011 in international relations]] [[Kategorya:2011 sa Palestinong Teritoryo]] [[Kategorya:Gilad Shalit Israel ribayan=preso]] [[Kategorya:Hostage taking sa Gaza Strip]] pkxooneoi8xi5slm86k5to1lb9zyg4o 0 51361 306371 305524 2026-06-09T15:43:52Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Former President of the Supreme Court of Israel (born 1942)}} {{use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}{{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=|name=Dorit Beinisch|honorific-suffix=|native_name={{No bold|{{Script/Hebrew|דורית ביניש}}}}|image=DORIT BEINISCH.jpg|imagesize=|caption=|office=President of the [[Supreme Court of Israel]]|term_start=2006|term_end=2012|appointer=|predecessor=[[Aharon Barak]]|successor=[[Asher Dan Grunis]]|birth_name=Dorit Werba|birth_date={{birth date and age|mf=yes|1942|2|28}}|birth_place=[[Tel Aviv]], [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate of Palestine]]|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=Israeli|party=|spouse=Yehezkel Beinisch|children=2|alma_mater=[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]|occupation=}}Si '''Dorit Beinisch''' (Hebreyo: דורית ביניש‎; namundag kan Pebrero 28, 1942) sarong retiradong Israelitang hurista. Siya an ika-9 na presidente kan Korte Suprema kan Israel.<ref>[http://www.lawofisrael.com/israeli-supreme-court-decisions/ Supreme Court decisions database] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505060543/http://www.lawofisrael.com/israeli-supreme-court-decisions/|date=2014-05-05}}, lawofisrael.com; accessed March 18, 2016.</ref> Ninombrahan kan Setyembre 14, 2006, pagkatapos kan pagretiro ni Aharon Barak, siya nagserbi sa posisyon na ini sagkod Pebrero 28, 2012. Siya an pinakaenot na babae na nagserbi bilang presidente kan Korte Suprema kan Israel.<ref name="madam">{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Home/Article.aspx?id=35598|title=Madam Chief Justice|date=September 21, 2010|work=JPost.com|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|accessdate=June 7, 2010}}</ref> == Dangog == Si Dorit Werba namundag sa [[Tel Aviv]] . An saiyang ama, si Aharon Werba, sarong sibil na empleyado, nag-imigrar sa Palestina hale sa [[Polonya|Poland]] kan 1933. An saiyang ina, si Chava, sarong paratukdo sa kindergarten sa Tel Aviv. Si Beinisch nagserbi sa Israeli Defence Forces, kun saen nakaabot siya sa ranggo nin [[tenyente]] . Nag-adal siya nin abogasiya sa Hebrew University of Jerusalem, na tinapos an saiyang Bachelor of Laws degree (LL.B.) kan 1967. Pakalihis nin duwang taon, natapos niya an saiyang Master of Laws (LL.M.), ''summa cum laude'', sa parehong unibersidad, mantang nag-aaprentis sa Justice Ministry. Kan 1964, nagpakasal siya ki Yeheskell Beinisch, sarong abogado sa Jerusalem. Igwa sindang duwang aking babae asin limang makoapo. <ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/beinisch-dorit|title=Dorit Beinisch|first=Galia|last=Eliahou|encyclopedia=Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia|publisher=Jewish Women's Archive|access-date=May 29, 2010}}</ref> Si Beinisch tinawan nin honorary Doctor of Philosophy degrees kan Hebrew University sa Jerusalem kan Hunyo 2010, <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huji.ac.il/cgi-bin/dovrut/dovrut_search_eng.pl?mesge127557381232688760|title=Hebrew U. honorary doctorate recipients include Dorit Beinisch, Dr. Marcos Aguinis, Evgeny Kissin|publisher=The dept. of Media Relations, Hebrew University}}</ref> asin Ben-Gurion University kan Mayo 2012, <ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.bgu.ac.il/en/Pages/news/boghondocs_2012.aspx|title=Ben-Gurion University of the Negev confers Honorary Doctoral Degrees on Six Outstanding People|date=May 16, 2012|publisher=Ben-Gurion University of the Negev|access-date=March 27, 2025|archive-date=January 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127011803/https://in.bgu.ac.il/en/Pages/news/boghondocs_2012.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> siring man nin Honorary Fellowship kan The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya. Kan Nobyembre 12, 2012, siya tinawan nin Doctor of Philosophy "honoris causa" degree gikan sa Weizmann Institute of Science. Si Beinisch tinawan nin "Doctor of Humane Letters-Honoris Causa" kan The "Hebrew Union College" Jerusalem, kan Nobyembre 14, 2012. Si Dorit Beinisch sarong miyembro bilang sarong Opisyal sa The French "National Order of the Legion of Honor" poon kan Disyembre 17, 2012. Kan Disyembre 30, 2012, si Beinisch tinawan nin premyo bilang sarong kabalyero kan The Movement for Quality Government in Israel. Kan Mayo 8, 2013, si Beinisch tinawan nin "Honorary Citizen of Jerusalem". Kan Hunyo 13, siya tinawan nin "Honorary Fellowship" kan Tel Aviv-Yafo Academic College. Kan Mayo 2015 si Beinisch nag-ako nin sarong honorary award gikan sa The Holon Technological Institute. Si Beinisch nominado kan Mayo 2013 bilang The Chancellor kan Open University of Israel asin pamayo kan Konseho kaini. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">kaipuhan an sitasyon</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Kan Marso 2023, si Beinisch nginaranan bilang "honoraryong namamanwaan kan Tel Aviv -Yaffo". Poon 2012-2014, nagtukdo siya nin sarong seminar sa paghukom sa seguridad nasyonal sa Center on Law and Security (CLS) kaiba si Samuel Rascoff asin Andrew Weissmann sa NYU Law bilang sarong midbid na global fellow asin sarong senior fellow. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.law.nyu.edu/news/BEINISCH|title=Former president of Israel's Supreme Court to become distinguished global fellow at NYU Law|date=May 15, 2012|publisher=New York University School of Law}}</ref> Si Beinisch sarong kritiko kan inisyatiba nin reporma hudisyal kan gobyerno nin Israel, na nagsasabi na ini nagtatakot sa independensya kan hudikatura. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-01-31|title=Former Israeli Supreme Court President discusses importance of independent judiciary at Cybertech Global|url=https://www.israeldefense.co.il/en/node/57087|access-date=2023-03-20|website=Israel Defense|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Starr|first=Michael|date=February 28, 2023|title=Ex-A-G Mandelblit: Israel in regime revolution, not judicial reform|url=https://m.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-733|access-date=March 21, 2023|website=The Jerusalem Post}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Legal na karera == Si Beinisch naglaog sa Ministry of Justice kan 1967, na naggigibo kan saiyang legal internship sa departamento nin lehislasyon. Naglingkod siya sa Ministry of Justice sa laog nin 28 taon, na nagkakapot nin mga halangkaw na posisyon na dai pa noarin man nanombrahan an mga babae sa Israel. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)">kaipuhan an sitasyon</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Opisina kan Abogado kan Estado (1967–1995) === Sa pag'oltan kan 1967 asin 1969, si Beinisch nagserbi bilang Katabang sa Opisina kan Piskal kan Distrito kan Jerusalem sagkod na matapos niya an saiyang master's degree, na nag-itaas kan 1970 tanganing magin Senior Katabang sa Abogado kan Estado Poon 1976 sagkod 1982, siya nagsirbe bilang Direktor kan Departamento nin Ley Konstitusyonal asin Administratibo sa Opisina kan Abogado kan Estado. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dorit Beinisch {{!}} The Genesis Prize|url=https://www.genesisprize.org/about/leadership/dorit-beinisch|access-date=2023-03-20|website=www.genesisprize.org}}</ref> Siya an nagrepresentar kan estado sa atubangan kan Korte Suprema sa mga kaso konstitusyonal asin administratibo. Poon 1982 sagkod 1988 siya nagserbi bilang Deputy State Attorney. Siya nagkaigwa nin dakulang papel sa pag-akusar kan nagkapira sa pinakamasakit na mga kaso kan estado. Nagkolekta siya nin ebidensya para sa komisyon kan Kahan na nag-imbestigar kan masaker sa Sabra asin Shatila . Durante kan pag-akusar sa Gush Emunim Underground nakaresibe siya nin mga pananakot sa saiyang buhay. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news1.co.il/archive/006-D-16-00.html?tag=2-03-56|title=Beinisch Dorit|first=Yoav|last=Yitzchak|publisher=News1.co.il|accessdate=March 18, 2016|language=Hebrew}}</ref> Si Beinisch nagsirbe bilang Abogado kan Estado kan Israel poon 1989 sagkod 1995, an pinakaenot na babae sa Israel na nagkapot kan posisyon na ini. Sa posisyon na ini, siya an nagdirehir kan gabos na litigasyon kan gobyerno sa gabos na lebel kan mga korte, nagpartisipar sa pagbilog kan polisiya kan Estado sa kriminal, konstitusyonal asin sibil na larangan, asin responsable sa gabos na propesyonal na aspeto kan legal na representasyon kan estado nin Israel sa mga korte. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://lapa.princeton.edu/eventdetail.php?ID=250|title=The Honorable Dorit Beinisch, President of the Supreme Court of Israel|publisher=Princeton University Program in Law and Public Affairs|date=April 16, 2009|accessdate=June 8, 2010|archive-date=June 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613164345/http://lapa.princeton.edu/eventdetail.php?ID=250|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Siya an nagsuperbisar kan halawig na imbestigasyon, pagbista asin sa huri na kombiksyon kan kaidto pamayo kan Partido Shas asin dating ministro kan laog na si Aryeh Deri . Siya an nagrepresentar kan estado sa atubangan kan Korte Suprema sa mga mahalagang kaso sa konstitusyon, administrasyon asin kriminal na ley. Halimbawa, kan huring parte kan dekada otsenta,  siya an nangenot sa pakikipaglaban sa Korte Suprema na nagin dalan sa pagbabawal sa partidong Kach na pinakatoo sa Knesset . Nagsayuma siyang irepresentar an gobyerno ni Yitzhak Rabin sa Korte Suprema kan sarong petisyon an isinangat laban sa desisyon kaini na ideportar an 415 miyembro kan Hamas pasiring sa Lebanon. <ref name="Haaretz1.1973582">{{cite web|last=Yoaz|first=Yuval|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/beinisch-takes-fight-against-graft-jewish-extremism-to-supreme-court-1.197358|title=Beinisch takes fight against graft, Jewish extremism to Supreme Court|publisher=Haaretz.com|date=September 15, 2006|accessdate=June 8, 2010|archive-date=September 28, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928202854/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/beinisch-takes-fight-against-graft-jewish-extremism-to-supreme-court-1.197358|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Si Beinisch nakipaglaban para sa saiyang propesyonal asin legal na mga pananaw sa mga kontrobersyal na isyu, arog kan Kav 300 affair kan 1984. Ninombrahan na mag-asikaso kan kaso kan kaidto abogado heneral na si Yitzhak Zamir, si Beinisch, kaiba an duwang iba pang piskal, nakipaglaban sa gobyerno asin sa Shin Bet tanganing ibuyagyag an mga kaputikan, na nagresulta sa mga osipon na siya igwa nin relasyon sa saro sa mga ahente kan Shin Bet asin mga pananakot laban sa saiyang buhay. === Huwes kan Korte Suprema (1995–2005) === Si Beinisch ninombrahan bilang sarong Huwes kan Korte Suprema kan Israel kan Disyembre 1995. Nagsirbe siya bilang pamayo kan Komisyon sa Eleksyon Sentral. === Presidente kan Korte Suprema (2006–2012) === Kan Setyembre 2006 si Beinisch sinumpaan bilang Presidente kan Korte Suprema kan Israel, pagkatapos na iboto nin sararo, <ref>{{cite web|last=Yoaz|first=Yuval|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/dorit-beinisch-unanimously-approved-as-next-president-of-supreme-court-1.196811|title=Dorit Beinisch unanimously approved as next president of Supreme Court|publisher=Haaretz.com|date=September 8, 2006|accessdate=June 8, 2010|archive-date=October 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024215657/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/dorit-beinisch-unanimously-approved-as-next-president-of-supreme-court-1.196811|dead-url=yes}}</ref> na nagin pinakaenot na babae sa Israel na nagkapot kan posisyon na ini. Bilang Presidente kan Korte Suprema, siya an pamayo kan hudikatura kan Israel asin responsable sa pagmanehar kan sistema kan korte. Nagtutubod siya na an saro sa saiyang mga pangenot na trabaho bilang Presidente kan Korte Suprema iyo an pag-ingat kan independensya kan sistema nin korte kan Israel asin pagseguro kan apolitical na karakter kaini.  Sa saiyang mga desisyon, pigduon ni Beinisch an parehong mga prinsipyo na saiyang pinaglaban sa laog kan saiyang karera sa publiko, kaiba an saiyang pagtubod manungod sa papel kan Korte Suprema sa sarong demokratikong sosyedad tanganing protehiran an mga deretso pantawo asin sibil, na may espesyal na atensyon sa mga deretso kan mga babae asin kaakian, mga populasyon na madaling mabiktima sa sosyedad, <ref>{{cite web|last=Ilan|first=Shahar|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/beinisch-israel-is-swarming-with-harrowing-violence-1.234044|title=Beinisch: Israel is swarming with harrowing violence|publisher=Haaretz.com|date=November 27, 2007|accessdate=June 8, 2010|archive-date=October 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024215741/http://www.haaretz.com/news/beinisch-israel-is-swarming-with-harrowing-violence-1.234044|dead-url=yes}}</ref> asin mga imigrante na trabahador. Idinoon ni Beinisch an importansya kan hudisyal na pagrepaso kan mga aktibidad kan sangay ehekutibo, kaiba an militar, siring man an importansya kan pagsunod sa pamamahala kan ley asin an prinsipyo nin bakong diskriminasyon na pagpapaotob kan ley, asin pagpreserbar kan deretso kan lambang tawo na makalaog sa korte. Kan Enero 27, 2010, si Beinisch nalugadan kan an sarong 52-anyos na lalaki na an pangaran Pinchas Cohen itinapok an saiyang sneaker saiya durante kan sarong pagbista sa medikal na marijuana, na tinamaan siya sa pag-oltanan kan mga mata, nabari an saiyang mga baso asin natumba siya sa saiyang tukawan. Si Cohen dai nakuntento sa sistema legal huli sa desisyon kan korte kan pamilya apat na taon na an nakaagi asin igwa nin madahas na kasaysayan. Inarestar siya asin kan huri naghagad nin dispensa sa saiyang ginibo, asin nagsabi na naglalaom siyang marahay na siya. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/27/dorit-beinisch-attacker-h_n_438345.html|title=Dorit Beinisch: Attacker Hits Israeli Chief Justice With Sneaker In Face, Breaks Glasses|first=Aron|last=Heller|date=January 27, 2010|work=The Huffington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ze'ev Segal|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1145659.html|title=Incitement against High Court led to Beinisch shoe incident|publisher=Haaretz.com|date=January 28, 2010|accessdate=May 29, 2010|archive-date=February 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100201093500/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1145659.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Mga pambihirang mga desisyon == Si Beinisch nagtutok sa korapsyon kan gobyerno asin sa pagsierto na an mga institusyon kan gobyerno nagsusunod sa ley, na may partikular na pagdodoon sa mga Pwersa nin Depensa, an pulis asin [[Shin Bet|mga serbisyo sa pangkagabsan na seguridad]] . Kan 2004 tinatsaran ni Beinisch an paggamit nin pinarikas na mga mekanismo nin lehislasyon, na parateng ginagamit kan Knesset tanganing maggibo nin manlaen-laen na ley asin reporma sa ekonomiya. Nagdesisyon siya na dawa ngani an hudisyal na pagrepaso kan proseso lehislatibo sa Israeli dai minimidbid an sarong basehan nin kawaran nin "legislatibong maninigong proseso", an Korte makikiaram kun igwa nin depekto sa proseso lehislatibo na "minaduman sa puso kan proseso." An siring na depekto iyo an saro na may kalabot na grabe asin substansyal na pagbalga sa mga pundamental na prinsipyo kan proseso lehislatibo sa sistemang parlamentaryo asin konstitusyonal kan Israel. Sa sarong kaso kan 2006 manongod sa deretso nin sarong detenido sa legal na abogado, an Korte Suprema inabsuelto an sarong soldados na nasentensiahan sa paggamit nin droga basado sa saiyang sadiring pagkumpisal, huli ta an pulis militar na nag-interogar sa saiya dai nagpaaram sa saiya kan saiyang deretso na magkonsulta sa sarong abogado. Sa desisyon na ini, si Beinisch nagdesisyon na sa paghiling kan normatibong pagbabago sa sistema legal kan Israel na pig-introdusir kan Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty, asin sa kawaran nin lehislasyon sa isyung ini, nag-abot na an panahon na mag-ampon nin sarong doktrina kan ley sa kaso nin dai pag-ako para sa ilegal na nakuang ebidensya. Sinabi man niya na an maninigong doktrina para sa sistemang legal kan Israel na dapat adoptaron bakong sarong absoluto, kundi sarong relatibong doktrina na nagtutugot sa korte na ibali an ilegal na nakuang ebidensya sa saiyang pagboot. Sa partikular na kaso kan apelante, an dai pagpaaram saiya kan saiyang deretso na magkonsulta sa sarong abogado tinutuyo, asin ini sarong mahalagang bagay sa desisyon ni Beinisch na dai iiba an mga pagkumpisal na saiyang ginibo sa interogasyon. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stanfordlawreview.org/system/files/articles/Blum.pdf|title=Doctrines Without Borders: The "New" Israeli Exclusionary Rule and the Dangers of Legal Transplantation|first=Binyamin|last=Blum|year=2008|work=Stanford Law Review, Volume 60, Issue 6|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=June 10, 2010|url-status=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728054505/http://www.stanfordlawreview.org/system/files/articles/Blum.pdf|archivedate=July 28, 2011}}</ref> Kan parehong taon, sa saro sa saiyang pinakabantog asin kontrobersyal na mga desisyon bilang sarong huwes, nagdesisyon siya na an mga magurang dai pwedeng gumamit nin padusa sa hawak, na nagsurat na an padusa sa hawak minabalga sa deretso kan aki sa dignidad asin integridad kan hawak. An nagkapira sa saiyang pinaka-importanteng mga desisyon iyo an pag-ataman kan mga deretso pantawo mantang tinatawan nin atensyon an mga pangangaipo sa seguridad, orog na sa mga kaso manungod sa mga aktibidad kan Israel sa mga [[Palestinyanong mga teritoryo|teritoryong sinakop kan Palestina]] . Sa sarong desisyon kan 2005 laban sa paggamit kan hukbo kan Israel nin "mga kalasag nin tawo" uminoyon siya sa Presidente kaidto na si Aharon Barak na an praktis nin pagpadara nin sarong lokal na Palestinian na enot sa mga tropang Israel sa panahon nin mga pagsalakay sa pag-arestar nagsapeligro kan saiyang buhay, nagbalga kan saiyang libreng kagustuhan asin kan saiyang dignidad bilang tawo. Sa sarong hatol na itinao kan Setyembre 2007 manungod sa kudal nin pagbubulag na itinogdok kan Israel, si Beinisch nagdesisyon na an komandante militar dai nag-ehersisyo kan saiyang diskresyon sa proporsyonal na paagi asin na dapat niyang baguhon an ruta kan kudal manungod sa sarong segmento harani sa baryo nin Bil'in sa Palestina. Sa saiyang hatol, inako ni Beinisch an paghihingako kan komandante militar na an kudal sa lugar kan Bil'in itinogdok huli sa mga rason nin seguridad nasyonal. Dawa siring, sinabi niya na an komandante militar an nagdeterminar kan ruta kan kudal mantang pigkokonsiderar an mga plano sa pagtogdok sa maabot na panahon para sa mga bagong pagtaraid na lugar kan Israel na harani sa lugar na ini. An mga planong pagtaraid na ini dai nagkokomponer nin sarong mahalagang pangangaipo sa seguridad, asin kun kaya dai pwedeng konsideraron kun pigdedeterminaran an ruta kan kudal. Kaya, an konklusyon ni Beinisch, an ruta kan kudal sa lugar kan Bil'in dai nakaabot sa kahagadan sa proporsyonalidad. Kan 2007, sarong petisyon an dinara sa Korte Suprema manungod sa desisyon kan gobyerno na protehiran an mga eskwelahan sa mga syudad kan Israel sa mga pag'atake kan mga rocket na "Qassam" na pinaputok gikan sa Gaza Strip. Sa liwanag kan desisyon na ini, an mga awtoridad nag-ampon nin sarong plano nin proteksyon na kun saen an nagkapira sana sa mga klase an protektado. Nagdesisyon si Beinisch na an desisyon na dai lubos na protehiran an mga mayor na klase kan mga kaakian sa grado 4-12 bakong rasonable nanggad. Ipinahayag na an korte makikiaram — dawa sa pambihirang mga okasyon asin may pagpopogol — dawa sa mga desisyon manungod sa propesyonal na diskresyon kan awtoridad o sa mga badyet na itinagama kaini, kun an mga desisyon na ini minahale sa labi-labing paagi gikan sa gilid nin pagkarasonable na itinao sa awtoridad administratibo. Kan 2008, si Beinisch nagdesisyon sa interpretasyon kan Unlawful Combatants Law asin kun sagkod saen an ley magkakasundo sa internasyonal na humanitarian law. Sa saiyang nangengenot na hatol, isinurat niya na an administratibong pagdetener sa sarong "bakong legal na parapakilaban" makahulogan na nagbabalga kan saiyang deretso sa personal na katalingkasan. Ini nasususog sa pundamental na pananaw na nangingibabaw sa sistema legal kan Israel, na susog sa kun saen mas marahay na suportaran an sarong estatuto sa paagi nin interpretatibong mga paagi kun saen man posible, imbes na ideklarar ining daing halaga huli sa mga rason konstitusyonal. Nagkapirang apelasyon an dinara sa Korte Suprema na naghahagad nin mga partikular na pagboot sa pagbilanggo na ginibo sa irarom kan Batas sa mga Parapakilaban na Bawal. Sa saiyang pangenot na hatol, isinurat ni Beinisch na mayong pagduda na an administratibong pagdetenir sa sarong "bakong legal na parapakilaban" makahulogan na nagbabalga kan deretso sa personal na katalingkasan. Mantang kinakapot an ley na konstitusyonal, sinabi niya na sa paghiling kan lakdang kan pagbalga sa personal na katalingkasan asin kan labi-labing naturalesa kan lakdang nin pagdetener na itinao sa ley, dapat na gibohon an sarong interpretatibong paghihingoa tanganing maibanan, sagkod sa mapupuwede, an pagbalga kan deretso sa katalingkasan tanganing ini magkapareho sa pangangaipo na makamtan an seguridad, asin bako sa katuyuhan na iyan. Si Beinisch nagsabi man na an mga probisyon kan estatuto dapat na interpretaron, sagkod sa mapupuwede, sa paagi na angay sa mga inaako na mga norma kan internasyonal na ley. Kan 2009, si Beinisch nagpaluwas nin sarong desisyon na nagtao nin presedente sa bakong konstitusyonal na naturalesa kan pribatisasyon kan mga bilanggoan. <ref>{{cite web|last=Golan|first=Avirama|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/beinisch-drops-a-bombshell-1.3776|title=Beinisch drops a bombshell|publisher=Haaretz.com|date=November 20, 2009|accessdate=June 8, 2010|archive-date=September 19, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919183711/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/beinisch-drops-a-bombshell-1.3776|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sa hatol na ini, sarong panel nin siyam na huwes na pinangenotan ni Beinisch an naghale kan Susog 28 sa Ordinansa sa Bilanggoan, na nag-aapod para sa pagmukna nin sarong bilanggoan sa Israel na pamamahalaan asin paandaron nin sarong pribadong korporasyon. Nagkonklusyon siya na an Susog nagbabalga kan mga deretso konstitusyonal sa personal na katalingkasan asin dignidad nin tawo. Sa saiyang desisyon, pigduon ni Beinisch na dawa ngani an Susog 28 ginibo huli sa kamawotan na mapakarhay an mga kondisyon sa pagdetener kan mga preso sa Israel, an mayor na katuyuhan sa likod kan Susog iyo an sarong ekonomiko, na nagpapahiling nin kamawotan na makatipid nin pinakadakol na kuwarta para sa Estado. Sa kontekstong ini, pigduon niya sa saiyang desisyon na dawa ngani an Korte Suprema dai sa pangkagabsan nag-iinterbenir sa mga polisiya sa ekonomiya kan gobyerno asin kan Knesset, pag-abot sa lehislasyon na nakakaapektar sa pinaka-pundamental na mga deretso konstitusyonal, an bagay na an sarong rason sa ekonomiya pwedeng nagmotibar kan lehislasyon dai nakakaulang sa Korte na magtao nin hatol sa ley. Kan Mayo 2012, nagdesisyon an korte na an mga among na nagbabayad sa mga babaeng empleyado nin mas hababang marhay na sweldo kisa sa saindang mga katimbang na lalaki iyo an magpasan kan pagabat nin patunay enkaso sinda akusaran nin diskriminasyon, kaya mas mapakusog an mga deretso kan mga babae sa lugar nin trabaho. Sa desisyon ni Beinisch, sinabi kan Korte Suprema na an sarong babae na nagdedemanda nin diskriminasyon dai kaipuhan na patunayan na siya hinalean nin sweldo huli sa saiyang kasarian, kundi ipahiling sana na igwa nin dakulang pagkakaiba sa sweldo. Sa puntong ini, an pagabat nin patunay yaon sa among na, sa saiyang parte, kaipuhan na kumbinsiron na igwa nin lehitimong rason para sa sweldo asin na an empleyado dai nadiskriminar. Dugang pa, minidbid kan Korte Suprema na kun minsan, an mga babae igwa nin mas dikit na kapangyarihan kisa mga lalaki sa pakikipag-ulay sa sweldo; kun kaya, an mga paghihingako na an sarong sweldo pinag-olayan nin libre bago kinua an trabahador dai magigin igo tanganing ipangatanosan an mahiwas na mga gap. Si Beinisch nagsurat man nin nagkapirang pambihirang mga opinyon na dai nagkakaoroyon. Sa sarong kaso na may kinaaraman sa dating Presidente kan Estado, si Moshe Katzav, nagkontra siya sa opinyon kan minorya na an kasunduan sa plea-bargain - na pigbilog kan Attorney General asin kan dating Presidente kan Israel manungod sa mga kasong pang-aabuso sekswal - dapat na kanselaron huli ta an mga detalye kan bargain na iyan nagkokontra sa mga prinsipyo administratibo asin kontra sa interes kan publiko. Sa saro pang kaso, si Beinisch nagsabi, sa sarong opinyon nin minoriya, na an total na pagbabawal sa mga anunsyo sa politika sa mga brodkast sa telebisyon asin radyo bakong balido huli ta mayo nin malinaw na awtorisasyon sa primerong lehislasyon para sa siring na sobrang limitasyon sa katalingkasan sa pagpahayag sa politika. == Hilingon man == * sistema hudisyal kan Israel == Mga Toltolan == <references /> {{Tamboan}} [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iec2nfyo91v9fg7aa7b12b49bu2iqtw 0 52657 306370 288479 2026-06-09T13:01:53Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Dagat Patay | native_name = {{native name list |tag1=ar|name1=البحر الميت|tag2=he|name2=ים המלח}} | image = Talaksan:Dead Sea beach 00.JPG | caption = Tanawon kan dagat gikan sa baybayon nin Jordan na may mga bulod nin [[Solnopan na Pampang]] sa likudan | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | coords = {{Coord|31|30|N|35|30|E|type:waterbody|display=inline}} | lake_type = Endoreyko<br/>Hipersalina | inflow = [[Salog Jordan]] | outflow = ''Mayo'' | catchment = {{convert|41650|km2|abbr=on}} | basin_countries = [[Hordan]], [[Estado nin Palestina|Palestina]] (Solnopan na Pampang na inookupahan kan Israel), [[Israel]] | length = {{convert|50|km|abbr=on}}<ref name="JVL">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Deadsea.html|title=Virtual Israel Experience: The Dead Sea|trans-title=Karanasang Birtuwal ng Israel: Ang Dagat Patay|lang=en|encyclopedia=Jewish Virtual Library|access-date=21 Enero 2013|archive-date=15 Enero 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115133409/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vie/Deadsea.html|url-status=live}}</ref> (hilagang pampang lamang) | width = {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=on}} | area = {{convert|605|km2|abbr=on}} (2016)<ref name="HRTZ">{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/business/1.746258 |title=The Dead Sea Is Dying Fast: Is It Too Late to Save It, or Was It Always a Lost Cause? |trans-title=Namamatay Nang Mabilis Ang Dagat Patay: Huli na ba Para Iligtas Ito, o Dati pa bang Walang Pag-asa? |newspaper=Haaretz |date=7 Oktubre 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222185808/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/business/1.746258 |archive-date=22 Disyembre 2016 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2025-05-23 |archivedate=2016-12-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222185808/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/business/1.746258 }}</ref> | depth = {{convert|188.4|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=ilec/> | max-depth = {{convert|298|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (pinakamalalim na punto, {{cvt|728|m}} BSL [sa irarom kan lebel nin dagat], di-kaiba an presenteng elebasyon kan rabaw) | volume = {{convert|114|km3|cumi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=ilec/> | shore = {{convert|135|km|abbr=on}} | elevation = {{convert|-430.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} (2016)<ref name="ISRAMAR">{{cite web|url= http://isramar.ocean.org.il/isramar2009/DeadSea/LongTerm.aspx|title= Long-Term changes in the Dead Sea|publisher= Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research - Israel Marine Data Center (ISRAMAR)|access-date= 2014-05-31|archive-date= 2018-11-06|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181106233009/https://isramar.ocean.org.il/isramar2009/DeadSea/LongTerm.aspx|url-status= live}}</ref> | reference = <ref name=ilec>[http://www.eingedi.co.il/viewpage.asp?pagesCatID=13214&siteName=eingedi Dead Sea Data Summary 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20150221101030/http://www.eingedi.co.il/viewpage.asp?pagesCatID=13214&siteName=eingedi |date=2015-02-21 }}.''Water Authority of Israel''.<br />{{cite web |title=Red Sea - Dead Sea Water Conveyance Study Program |date=2013 |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/MENAEXT/EXTREDSEADEADSEA/0,,contentMDK:21827416~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:5174617,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130915013427/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/MENAEXT/EXTREDSEADEADSEA/0,,contentMDK:21827416~pagePK:64168427~piPK:64168435~theSitePK:5174617,00.html |archive-date=2013-09-15 |url-status=dead |publisher=The World Bank Group }}</ref><ref name="ISRAMAR"/> | location = [[Solnopan na Asya]] <!-- Map --> | pushpin_map = Israel | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = Lokasyon kan Dagat Gadan | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Below --> | website = }} An '''Dagat Gadan'''<ref>{{cite-UPDF2|Dagat Patay, Dead Sea}}</ref><ref name="Biblia">{{cite-Biblia|Dagat Patay, Dagat Alat}}, pahina 26.</ref> o '''Dagat Askad'''<ref name="Biblia" /> ({{lang-ar|[[wikt:البحر الميت|اَلْبَحْر الْمَيِّت]]|al-Baḥr al-Mayyit}}, o {{lang-ar|اَلْبَحْر الْمَيْت|al-Baḥr al-Mayt|label=}}; {{lang-he|[[wikt:ים המלח|יַם הַמֶּלַח]]|Yam hamMelaḥ}}), midbid man sa mga ibang pangaran, iyo an sarong [[danaw]] na nakukulong kan kadagaan na kasagkoran kan [[Jordan|Hordan]] sa subangan, [[Kanlurang Pampang|Solnopan na Pampang na inookupahan kan Israel]] sa solnopan asin [[Israel]] sa habagatan-solnopan.<ref name="DSC1">{{cite web|date=9 Disyembre 2013|title=A Rare Middle East Agreement, on Water|trans-title=Isang Pambihirang Pagkakasundo ng Gitnang Silangan, Tungkol sa Tubig|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/10/world/middleeast/israel-jordan-and-palestinians-sign-water-project-deal.html|work=The New York Times|language=en|quote=Halos 25 milya ng baybayin ng Dagat Patay ay nasa Kanlurang Pampang na inookupahan ng Israel at inaangkin ng mga Palestino bilang bahagi ng isang kinabukasang estado. (Isinalin mula sa Ingles)|accessdate=4 Disyembre 2023}}</ref><ref name="DSC2">{{cite web|date=11 Disyembre 2022|title=The Dead Sea is dying. These beautiful, ominous photos show the impact|trans-title=Namamatay ang Dagat Patay. Ipinapakita nitong mga magaganda, nagbabalang larawan ang epekto|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2022/12/11/1139524126/photos-dead-sea-water-level-dropping-sinkholes-erosion|work=NPR|language=en|quote=Ang Dagat Patay ay lawang kinukulong ng lupa na bahagyang nasa Hordan, Israel, at ang inookupahan ng Israel na Kanlurang Pampang. (Isinalin mula sa Ingles)|accessdate=4 Disyembre 2023}}</ref> Manunuparan ini sa Libis ng Hordan, asin [[Salog Hordan]] an pangenot na sangang-salog kaini. Pag-abot kan 2019, {{convert|430.5|m|ft|0}} sa irarom kan lebel kan dagat an rabaw kan danaw,<ref name="ISRAMAR" /><ref name="Hshah">{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/israel-and-jordan-sign-historic-900-million-deal-save-dead-sea-310084|title=Israel and Jordan Sign 'Historic' $900 Million Deal to Save the Dead Sea|work=Newsweek|date=2015-02-27|access-date=2015-03-18|archive-date=2020-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124001401/https://www.newsweek.com/israel-and-jordan-sign-historic-900-million-deal-save-dead-sea-310084|url-status=live}}</ref> kaya an baybayon kaini an pinakahababang elebasyon segun sa daga sa bilog na kinaban. {{convert|304|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} an rarom kaini, an pinakahararom na hipersalinong danaw sa kinaban. 342 g/kg, o 34.2% an kaasinan kaini (kaidtong 2011), kaya saro ini sa mga pinakamaaskad na katubigan sa kinaban<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|year=1986|title=Dead Sea|encyclopedia=The New Encyclopædia Britannica|place=Chicago|editor=Goetz, P. W.|edition=15th|volume=3|page=937|language=en|trans-title=Dagat Patay}}</ref> – 9.6 beses na mas maaskad kaysa kadagatan – asin may densidad nin 1.24&nbsp;kg/litro, kaya haros pareho sa paglulutang an paglangoy duman.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&q=Dead+sea+has+a+density++++swimming&pg=PA237|title=Encyclopedia of world geography|publisher=Facts on File|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8160-7229-3|editor=R W McColl|page=237|language=en|trans-title=Ensiklopedya ng heograpiya ng daigdig|access-date=2020-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030075941/https://books.google.com/books?id=DJgnebGbAB8C&q=Dead+sea+has+a+density++++swimming&pg=PA237#v=snippet&q=Dead%20sea%20has%20a%20density%20%20%20%20swimming&f=false|archive-date=2023-10-30|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dead Sea - Composition of Dead Sea Water|trans-title=Dagat Patay - Komposisyon ng Tubig ng Dagat Patay|url=http://www.dspimport.com/about_the_dead_sea.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104055037/http://www.dspimport.com/about_the_dead_sea.html|archive-date=2013-11-04|language=en}}</ref> Maaskad na marhay ining dagat kaya imposible sa kadaklan sa mga may [[buhay]] na mag-eksistir digdi. Ini an dahilan kun tano siring kaini an pangaran o apod digdi. {{convert|50|km|mi|0}} an laba asin {{convert|15|km|mi|0}} an lakbang kan pangenot, amihanan na luwasan kan Dagat Gadan, sa pinakamahiwas na punto kaini.<ref name="JVL" /> Ribu-ribong taon nang nakadagos an Dagat Gadan sa mga bisita sa palibot kan Luwasang Mediteraneo. Saro ini sa nagin enot na bakasyunan pangsalud sa kinaban, asin nagin tagapagtustos ini kan manlaenlaen na klase nin mga produkto, gikan sa aspalto para sa [[Mumipikasyon|mumipikasyon]] sa [[Suanoy na Ehipto|Ehipto]] sagkod an [[potaso]] para sa [[pataba]]. Ngunyan, nagbibisita an mga turista sa dagat sa mga baybayon nin Israel, Hordan, asin Solnopan na Pampang. Nagsasadit nang marikas an Dagat Gadan; an pang-ibabaw na sukol kaini ngunyan yaon na sa{{convert|605|km2|abbr=on}},<ref name="HRTZ" /> kumpara sa {{convert|1050|km2|abbr=on}} kaidtong 1930. Dakul na mga panukala sa kanal asin mga tubo, siring kan ibinasurang proyekto kan Pagdadalang-tubig sa Dagat Pula–Dagat Gadan,<ref name="JT">{{cite web|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/5-alliances-shortlisted-execute-red-dead%E2%80%99s-phase-i|title=5 alliances shortlisted to execute Red-Dead's phase I|access-date=3 December 2016|date=27 November 2016|work=The Jordan Times|archive-date=29 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129214035/http://jordantimes.com/news/local/5-alliances-shortlisted-execute-red-dead%E2%80%99s-phase-i|url-status=live}}</ref> an ginibo para mabawasan an pagsadit kaini. {{anchor|Etymology|Toponymy|Etymology and toponymy|Name}} ==Toltolan== {{reflist}} {{stub}} 8nd1n6vsdr71mlz60r1rkjjmyszcoqh 0 56452 306378 306173 2026-06-09T20:46:19Z InternetArchiveBot 17127 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 306378 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Aristotle Condenuevo Pollisco''' (namundag kan Oktubre 18, 1977), na bisto sa propesyon bilang '''Gloc-9''', sarong Filipinong [[Rapping|rapper]], parakanta, asin parasurat nin kanta. Pigbibilang na saro sa pinakamarahay na Filipinong rapper sa gabos na panahon, an saiyang marikas na pag rap vocal style <ref name="Bandwagon">{{Cite web|date=2016-08-23|title=Snatch The Microphone, The Revolution Is Still Not Televised: Tracing Filipino Hip-Hop history and notes on its future|url=https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/snatch-the-microphone-the-revolution-is-still-not-televised-tracing-filipino-hiphop-history-and-culture-and-notes-on-its-future|access-date=2025-03-15|website=Bandwagon|language=en}}</ref> an naggibo saiya na saro sa pinakamabentang asin pinakamatrayumpo [[Hip-hop|na hip-hop]] artists sa Filipinas. Ilinadawan siya kan kapwa Filipinong rapper na [[Francis Magalona|si Francis Magalona]] bilang "sarong panday nin mga tataramon asin letra, asin sarong tunay na Filipinong pararawitdawit." <ref>{{Cite news|title=Francis M, rapper, TV celeb, "Idol" judge, modern hero|url=http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/you/super/view_article.php?article_id=68350|date=May 28, 2007|accessdate=May 30, 2026|archivedate=September 23, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923004037/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/you/super/view_article.php?article_id=68350}}</ref> Siya pigtutukoy bilang sarong trailblazer asin an haloy nang higante kan [[Pinoy hip hop|Pinoy Hip-Hop]] na eksena. <ref name="liftedasia.com2">{{Cite web|title=The LiFTED 5: Celebrating Gloc-9's 24 years in the Hip Hop game|url=https://liftedasia.com/articles/gloc-9s-24-years-in-hip-hop|access-date=August 1, 2022|website=liftedasia.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Sa karera na minaabot nin 25 taon, an Gloc-9 nanggana nin labing 60 na mga premyo kabali an prestihiyosong 'Sudi National Music Award' kan [[Nasyunal na Komisyon para sa Kultura asin kan Arte|National Commission of Culture and Art]] . Siya man an nakaresibe nin 2 Award sa FAMAS, 21 [[Awit Awards|Kanta Awards]], 18 [[Myx Music Award|Myx Music Awards]] asin 9 [[PMPC Star Awards for Movies|PMPC Star Awards]] . .<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cruz|first=Marinel R.|title=Allen Dizon, Toni Gonzaga top 63rd Famas Awards|date=September 23, 2015|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/179265/allen-dizon-toni-gonzaga-top-63rd-famas-awards|access-date=August 1, 2022|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sarah, Darren and Gloc-9 bag major wins at the MYX Music Awards 2017 {{!}} ABS-CBN Entertainment|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/articles-photos/11031817-sarah-darren-and-gloc-9-bag-majoy-wins-at-the-myx-music-awards-2017-13045|access-date=August 1, 2022|website=ent.abs-cbn.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gloc-9 bags 5 Awit awards|url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2010/10/12/619761/gloc-9-bags-5-awit-awards|access-date=August 1, 2022|website=Philstar.com}}</ref> An saiyang mga album [[Liham at Lihim|na Liham at Lihim]] (Platinum) asin [[MKNM: Mga Kwento Ng Makata]] (Gold), parehong nakakua nin mga sertipikasyon sa benta kan [[Philippine Association of the Record Industry|PARI]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=PARI: Articles|url=https://www.pari.com.ph/awardsgoldplatinum.html|access-date=August 1, 2022|website=www.pari.com.ph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Gloc-9 Biography, Songs, & Albums|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/gloc-9-mn0000662137/biography|access-date=August 1, 2022|website=AllMusic|language=en}}</ref> Kan 2019, siya pig-indukto sa Calle Con Hall of Fame. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The best in Pinoy hip-hop gather at Calle Con 2019|url=https://www.onemusic.ph/news/the-best-in-pinoy-hip-hop-gather-at-calle-con-2019-4506|website=One Music PH}}</ref> Nakipagtabangan siya sa haros sarong dosena nin mga kanta kaiba an ibang mga artista [[Original Pilipino Music|kan OPM]] ; "Lando" kaiba an nagadan nang [[Francis Magalona|si Francis M]], " [[Upuan]] " kaiba si Jaezelle, "Bagsakan" kaiba si [[Parokya ni Edgar]], "Baon" kaiba si [[Gab Chee Kee]] kan [[Parokya ni Edgar]] asin Francis M, asin "Sari-Saring Kwento" kaiba si Noel Cabangon asin [[Champ Lui Pio]] . An saiyang mga kanta kadaklan nagtutukar nin mga isyung sosyal arog kan mga inhustisya sosyal, kapobrehan, asin patriotismo. Pinunan niya an saiyang karera sa musika sa grupong [[gangsta rap]] [[Death Threat (hip hop group)|na Death Threat]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/05/26/16/gloc-9-says-he-is-ready-to-retire|title=Gloc-9 says he is ready to retire|website=ABS-CBN News|access-date=March 3, 2019}}</ref> Si Gloc-9 saro sa mga nagkapirang artista sa eksena nin musika sa Pilipinas na nakakua nin premyo para sa haros gabos na album na saiyang pinaluwas. == Karera == === Sa Banta nin Kagadanan === Sa saiyang kanta na " [[Talumpati]] ", sinabi ni Gloc-9 na nag-ayon siya sa sarong drive-by show ni [[Andrew E.]] Pagkatapos kan palabas, sarong miyembro kan Filipinong hip hop group [[Death Threat (hip hop group)|na Death Threat]] an nagdulok saiya dangan nagtao nin papel na kun saen nakasurat an contact number kan lider kan grupo na si Beware (Ronald Salanga). Pagkatapos nin sarong pag-apod sa telepono ki Beware, nag'ayon siya sa grupo kun saen nagpoon siyang maggibo nin pangaran para sa saiyang sadiri sa lokal na underground hip hop scene. An saiyang pangaran sa entablado na "Gloc-9" nagbutwa kan sabihan siya ni Beware na dapat igwa siyang pangaran sa rap tanganing magin sarong rapper. Nagkapirang mga opsyon an isinuherir: ''an MAGNUM45'' asin ''KALIBRE28'' dai nanggad inako, alagad nagdesisyon siya na [[Glock|an Glock]] 9, minus an "k", garo baga nakakaakit. An Death Threat nagpaluwas nin nagkapirang album sagkod na sarong aldaw kinaipuhan na bayaan ni Beware an grupo asin hinagad ki Gloc-9 na magin lider kan grupo kaiba si Hi-Jakk (na ilinadawan ni Gloc-9 bilang sarong "rapper na dai tataong mag-rap" sa "Talumpati"). Kan 1997, an Death Threat nagpaluwas kan saindang ikatolong album, "Kings of Da Undaground," alagad igwa sana ini nin Hi-Jakkk asin Gloc-9. An album nakaresibe nin 4× platinum na sertipikasyon sa ibong kan mayo nin mainstream na promosyon alagad iyo sana an tataramon kan nguso sa mga tinampo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ssonictv.blogspot.com/2009/07/gloc-9-interview.html|title=Gloc-9 Interview|date=July 24, 2009}}</ref> === Bilang duo sa Hi-Jakkk === Sa laog kan parehong taon, an duo kan Gloc-9 asin Hi-Jakkk nagpoon na magluwas nin mga album na dai nagdadara kan pangaran na Death Threat sa irarom kan [[Viva Records (Philippines)|Viva Records]] . An mga album na ini iyo an ''Domination'' na sertipikado na bulawan, ''Tha Revelation'' sertipikado na platinum asin ''Domination II'' sertipikado na bulawan. Sa saiyang pagluwas na "Talumpati", ilinaladawan ni Gloc-9 an mga album na ini bilang mga dai pa naisip asin pano nin pag-orgulyo. Pagkatapos kan saindang ikatolong album na magkaibanan, si Gloc-9 pinalayas sa grupong Death Threat kan Beware na mayong malinaw na rason. Kan huri, nagdesisyon si Hi-Jakkk na bayaan an grupo asin kan 2021, nagdesisyon siyang mag-ayon sa Dongalo Wreckords ni [[Andrew E.]] === Solo sa Star Music === Mantang nagtatrabaho bilang duo, parehong padagos na nagsusumite an Gloc-9 asin Hi-Jakkk kan saindang solo [[Demo (music)|na mga demo]] sagkod kan taon 2000, kan si Christian Martinez kan [[Star Music]] sa katapustapusi nadiskubre an talento ni Gloc-9 pagkatapos nin 3 bulan na paghanap, kan an sarong ehekutibo kan [[ABS-CBN Corporation|ABS-CBN]] aksidenteng nagbugtak kan saiyang demo gikan sa sarong rekording na nakua sa sarong scrap box. Sa primero, si Gloc-9 nagkomposo asin nagkanta kan saiyang sadiring mga kanta para sa mga soundtrack kan nagkapirang pelikula [[Star Cinema|kan Star Cinema]] arog kan ''Trip'' asin ''Jologs'' . Kan 2002, nagbali man siya [[Himig Handog|sa Himig Handog Love Songs]], sarong kompetisyon sa pagsurat nin kanta na pinapaandar kan ABS-CBN Corporation asin Star Music sa saiyang kanta na "Bakit?" (kaibanan na isinurat ni Mike Villegas). An kanta pig-interpretar niya kaiba si Cookie Chua, na nagin saro sa mga finalist sa kompetisyon alagad dai nanggana kan titulo nin huli ta an mayor na premyo nagduman sa "Kung Ako Na Lang Sana" na isinurat ni Socrates Villanueva asin pig-interpretar ni Bituin Escalante. Sa kompetisyon na ini sa pagsurat nin kanta, saro sa saiyang mga kakompetensya iyo si Jimmy Antiporda sa kantang "Hindi Na Bale" na pigkanta ni [[Jessa Zaragoza]] . An huri nasambit sa kanta ni Gloc-9 na " [[Talumpati|Gusto Ko]] ". Kan 2003, pinaluwas kan Gloc-9 an saiyang debut album sa irarom kan Star Music na may titulong ''G9'' . <ref>{{cite web|title=Gloc-9 Releases Much Awaited Second Album|url=http://www.titikpilipino.com/news/index.php?aid=413|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060302191128/http://www.titikpilipino.com/news/index.php?aid=413|archive-date=March 2, 2006|website=titikpilipino.com|publisher=Star Records|url-status=usurped|access-date=March 2, 2006}}</ref> Kabali sa album na ini an mga kanta na ginamit sa nagkapirang pelikula kan Star Cinema kaidto. An saiyang ikaduwang album, ''[[Ako Si...|an Ako Si...]]'' pinaluwas kan 2005 sa irarom kan Star Music. <ref>{{cite web|title=Gloc-9 Releases Much Awaited Second Album|url=http://www.titikpilipino.com/news/index.php?aid=413|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060302191128/http://www.titikpilipino.com/news/index.php?aid=413|archive-date=March 2, 2006|website=|publisher=Star Records|url-status=|access-date=March 2, 2006}}</ref> Kan Pebrero 2021, si Gloc-9 nag-anunsyo nin sarong bagong album na may titulong ''Poot at Pag-ibig'', na saiyang ipapaluwas sa YouTube sarong track kada aldaw poon Pebrero 14-19. <ref name="Poot at Pag-ibig">{{Cite news|title=Gloc-9 releasing love-themed album ''Poot at Pag-ibig'' song by song|url=https://www.nme.com/en_asia/news/music/gloc-9-releasing-love-themed-album-poot-at-pag-ibig-song-by-song-2880458}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Sa sarong interbyu kan 2024, ihinayag ni Gloc-9 na ihinayag na an kanta na "Sirena" idinusay sa saiyang aking si Sean Daniel na [[Came out|nagluwas]] bilang bakla kan 2022, labing sarong dekada pagkatapos kan pagluwas kan kanta. <ref name="Garcia">{{Cite news|last=Garcia|first=Nick|title=Gloc-9 says 'Sirena' a gift to his gay son, gained a deeper significance in his life later on|url=https://philstarlife.com/news-and-views/416339-gloc-9-says-sirena-gift-gay-son|work=Philippine Star}}</ref> == Toltolan== <references /> {{stub}} 51xz7b36a5kqwmeb9p6zt3skavohyho 0 56494 306372 2026-06-09T16:22:19Z ShiminUfesoj 11957 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Short description|Lugar nin Urban sa Kaohsiung, Taywan}} {{for|makasaysaya na probinsya sa inaapod ngunyan na Eritrea|Hamasien}} [[Image:Hamaseng.jpg|thumb|Sarong tanawon kan Hamasem gikan sa [[Kaohsiung Harbor]]]] {{Chinese |t=哈瑪星 |s=哈玛星 |p=Hāmǎxīng |tp=Hāmǎsīng |poj=Há-má-seng }} An '''Hamasing''' ({{zh|c=哈瑪星|p=Hāmǎxīng}}) or {{Nihongo|'''Hamasen'''|濱線}} sarong makasaysayan urban na lugar kan [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taywan]]. Nam..." 306372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Lugar nin Urban sa Kaohsiung, Taywan}} {{for|makasaysaya na probinsya sa inaapod ngunyan na Eritrea|Hamasien}} [[Image:Hamaseng.jpg|thumb|Sarong tanawon kan Hamasem gikan sa [[Kaohsiung Harbor]]]] {{Chinese |t=哈瑪星 |s=哈玛星 |p=Hāmǎxīng |tp=Hāmǎsīng |poj=Há-má-seng }} An '''Hamasing''' ({{zh|c=哈瑪星|p=Hāmǎxīng}}) or {{Nihongo|'''Hamasen'''|濱線}} sarong makasaysayan urban na lugar kan [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taywan]]. Namumugtak ini sa parteng habagatan kan [[Distrito nin Gushan]] sa pag-ultanan kan pamitisan kan [[Ape Hill]] asin [[Distrito nin Yancheng, Kaohsiung|Distrito nin Yancheng]], saro pang makasaysayan na kwarter. == Kasaysayan == An pangaran na ''Hamasing'' gikan sa tataramon na Hapon " na {{nihongo||濱線|Hamasen}}", na an boot sabihon "linya nin riles sa baybayon", ini an pangaran sa Hapon kan duwang riles na nag-agi sa lugar na ini. Dati ini an sentro kan mga kargamento sa riles asin kadagatan. Ini an sentro kan politika, ekonomiya, asin industriya nin pagsira. An lugar iyo man an pioneer kan modernisasyon kan Kaohsiung kun saen an pinakaenot na modernisadong tinampo kan syudad, pagbugtak nin tubig sa gripo, kuryente asin mga ilawan ginibo duman. Bago an pagmukna kan [[Istasyon nin Kaohsiung]], an Hamasing sarong regular na pag-ontok kan [[tren na pampasahero]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://urban-web.kcg.gov.tw/airks/web_page/KDA130700.jsp?KDA012001=20090508102824 |title=Urban Development Bureau,Kaohsiung City Government-Kaohsiung from Air |access-date=2014-05-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512225347/http://urban-web.kcg.gov.tw/airks/web_page/KDA130700.jsp?KDA012001=20090508102824 |archive-date=2014-05-12 }}</ref> == Transportasyon == An Hamasen igwa nin duongan na pinangaranan na {{Interlanguage link multi|Istasyon ninFerry kan Gushan|zh|3=鼓山輪渡站}} na nagkokonektar sa Distrito nin Gushan asin [[Distrito nin Cijin, Kaohsiung|Isla nin Cijin]] na may regular na serbisyo nin [[ferry]] sa paagi kan [[Cijin–Gushan Ferry]]. Dugang pa, kadakol na saradit na [[mga baroto]] asin [[yate]] an nagduduong man duman. An [[Istasyon nin Hamasen|Istasyon nin Hamasen]] kan [[Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit|Kaohsiung MRT]] namumugtak sa lugar na ini. Sarong balyuhan asin cycling tunnel na nag-aagi sa Ape Hill an nagkokonektar sa Hamasing asin [[Panganasyon na Unibersidad nin Jun Yat-sen]] sa [[Sizihwan]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} == Mga toltolan== {{Reflist}} {{Mga daan na dalan sa Taywan}} {{Commons category|Hamasen, Kaohsiung}} [[Kategorya:Heograpiya kan Kaohsiung]] [[Kategorya:Distrito nin Gushan]] {{Taiwan-geo-stub}} rh6or54hmq2xszrgglxc9j0wcb2xdcr 306373 306372 2026-06-09T16:27:22Z ShiminUfesoj 11957 306373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Lugar nin Urban sa Kaohsiung, Taywan}} {{for|makasaysaya na probinsya sa inaapod ngunyan na Eritrea|Hamasien}} [[Image:Hamaseng.jpg|thumb|Sarong tanawon kan Hamasem gikan sa [[Kaohsiung Harbor]]]] {{Chinese |t=哈瑪星 |s=哈玛星 |p=Hāmǎxīng |tp=Hāmǎsīng |poj=Há-má-seng }} An '''Hamasing''' ({{zh|c=哈瑪星|p=Hāmǎxīng}}) o {{Nihongo|'''Hamasen'''|濱線}} sarong makasaysayan urban na lugar kan [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taywan]]. Namumugtak ini sa parteng habagatan kan [[Distrito nin Gushan]] sa pag-ultanan kan pamitisan kan [[Ape Hill]] asin [[Distrito nin Yancheng, Kaohsiung|Distrito nin Yancheng]], saro pang makasaysayan na kwarter. == Kasaysayan == An pangaran na ''Hamasing'' gikan sa tataramon na Hapon " na {{nihongo||濱線|Hamasen}}", na an boot sabihon "linya nin riles sa baybayon", ini an pangaran sa Hapon kan duwang riles na nag-agi sa lugar na ini. Dati ini an sentro kan mga kargamento sa riles asin kadagatan. Ini an sentro kan politika, ekonomiya, asin industriya nin pagsira. An lugar iyo man an pioneer kan modernisasyon kan Kaohsiung kun saen an pinakaenot na modernisadong tinampo kan syudad, pagbugtak nin tubig sa gripo, kuryente asin mga ilawan ginibo duman. Bago an pagmukna kan [[Istasyon nin Kaohsiung]], an Hamasing sarong regular na pag-ontok kan [[tren na pampasahero]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://urban-web.kcg.gov.tw/airks/web_page/KDA130700.jsp?KDA012001=20090508102824 |title=Urban Development Bureau,Kaohsiung City Government-Kaohsiung from Air |access-date=2014-05-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512225347/http://urban-web.kcg.gov.tw/airks/web_page/KDA130700.jsp?KDA012001=20090508102824 |archive-date=2014-05-12 }}</ref> == Transportasyon == An Hamasen igwa nin duongan na pinangaranan na {{Interlanguage link multi|Istasyon ninFerry kan Gushan|zh|3=鼓山輪渡站}} na nagkokonektar sa Distrito nin Gushan asin [[Distrito nin Cijin, Kaohsiung|Isla nin Cijin]] na may regular na serbisyo nin [[ferry]] sa paagi kan [[Cijin–Gushan Ferry]]. Dugang pa, kadakol na saradit na [[mga baroto]] asin [[yate]] an nagduduong man duman. An [[Istasyon nin Hamasen|Istasyon nin Hamasen]] kan [[Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit|Kaohsiung MRT]] namumugtak sa lugar na ini. Sarong balyuhan asin cycling tunnel na nag-aagi sa Ape Hill an nagkokonektar sa Hamasing asin [[Panganasyon na Unibersidad nin Jun Yat-sen]] sa [[Sizihwan]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2026}} == Mga toltolan== {{Reflist}} {{Mga daan na dalan sa Taywan}} {{Commons category|Hamasen, Kaohsiung}} [[Kategorya:Heograpiya kan Kaohsiung]] [[Kategorya:Distrito nin Gushan]] {{Taiwan-geo-stub}} rbb2k2h3le4zffkn4vc1j1of2a3ibx7 0 56495 306374 2026-06-09T16:43:14Z ShiminUfesoj 11957 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "{{Short description|Museo sa Yancheng, Kaohsiung, Taiwan}} {{Infobox museo | name = Museo nin Kasaysayan kan Kaohsiung | native_name = 高雄市立歷史博物館 | native_name_lang = zh | logo = | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Kaohsiung Museum of History face 20101031.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | map_type..." 306374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Museo sa Yancheng, Kaohsiung, Taiwan}} {{Infobox museo | name = Museo nin Kasaysayan kan Kaohsiung | native_name = 高雄市立歷史博物館 | native_name_lang = zh | logo = | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Kaohsiung Museum of History face 20101031.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|22|37|36.3|N|120|17|12.8|E|type:landmark_region:TW|display=title,inline}} | former_name = Bulwagan kan Syudad nin Kaohsiung | established = 16 Setyembre 1939 (bilang Bulwagan nin Syudad kan Kaohsiung)<br>25 Oktubre 1998 (bilang Museo nin Kasaysayan kan Kaohsiung)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcg.gov.tw/EN/CP.aspx?n=9A2970292D8243CC&s=07394882C745C79D|title=Welcome to Kaohsiung City|publisher=}}</ref> | dissolved = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --> | location = [[Distrito nin Yancheng, Kaohsiung|Yancheng]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taywan]] | type = [[Museo]] | accreditation = | key_holdings = | collections = | collection_size = | visitors = | founder = | executive_director = | leader_type = | leader = | director = | president = | ceo = | chairperson = | curator = | architect = [[Oono Yonezirou]] | historian = | owner = | public_transit = | parking = | network = | website = {{URL|1=http://khm.org.tw}} | embedded = }} An '''Museo nin Kasaysayan kan Kaohsiung''' ({{zh|t=高雄市立歷史博物館|s=高雄市立历史博物馆|first=t|p=Gāoxióng Shìlì Lìshǐ Bówùguǎn}}) sarong museo na namumugtak sa [[Distrito nin Yancheng, Kaohsiung|Distrito nin Yancheng]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taywan]]. Pinamamayuhan ini kan [[Gobyerno kan Siyudad nin Kaohsiung]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/about/aboutkmh |title=The KMH Story |publisher= |access-date=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729025602/http://khm.org.tw/en/about/aboutkmh |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Kasaysayan== An edipisyo kan museo iyo an orihinal na [[Pamayuhan nin Syudad kan Kaohsiung|Gusali ng Lungsod ng Kaohsiung]]. Dinisenyo ini kan arkitektong Hapon na si Oono Yonezirou, nagtatrabaho sa Shimizu Corporation sa irarom kan [[Taywan sa irarom kan pamamayo kan Hapon|gobyerno kan Hapon]], asin natapos kan 1939.<ref name="Lin2015">{{cite book|author=Francis Chia-Hui Lin|title=Heteroglossic Asia: The Transformation of Urban Taiwan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYIcBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT85|date=9 January 2015|publisher=Taylor & ==Arkitektura== An arkitektura kan edipisyo sarong halimbawa kan Hapon na [[Imperial Crown style]]. Itinogdok ini gamit an [[reinforced concrete]] para sa resistensya sa linog, nin huli ta an Taiwan madaling mabiktima nin mga linog. .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/about/architectural |title=Architectural Style of KMH |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729025620/http://khm.org.tw/en/about/architectural |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Collection== Kaohsiung Museum of History (KMH) is expected to be the historical repository of Kaohsiung area by establishing the collection based on “Kaohsiung City development”. To preserve the local background knowledge and emphasize the characteristics of the area meanwhile share it with the public, KMH systematically analyzes, collects and maintains the history track and multiculturalism of Kaohsiung, shows the essential meaning of people living in Kaohsiung and represents the cultural relics and historical data of contemporary social events or issues as the basis of research, exhibitions and education promotion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/collections/overview |title=Collection Overview |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729031830/http://khm.org.tw/en/collections/overview |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Transportation== The museum is accessible within walking distance North East from [[Yanchengpu metro station|Yanchengpu Station]] of the [[Kaohsiung MRT]] or by city bus or by taking city bike.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/visitinformation/trafficinfo |title=KMH Access |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729032612/http://khm.org.tw/en/visitinformation/trafficinfo |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==See also== * [[List of museums in Taiwan]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category}} * {{facebook|khmorgtw}} {{in lang|zh}} * {{Osmway|203122000}} {{Kaohsiung}} [[Category:1998 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:History museums in Taiwan]] [[Category:Museums in Kaohsiung]] [[Category:City museums]] [[Category:Imperial Crown Style architecture]] 02yvfwaikaiogc68t3rqnc51gk7xzma 306375 306374 2026-06-09T17:00:19Z ShiminUfesoj 11957 /* Collection */ 306375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Museo sa Yancheng, Kaohsiung, Taiwan}} {{Infobox museo | name = Museo nin Kasaysayan kan Kaohsiung | native_name = 高雄市立歷史博物館 | native_name_lang = zh | logo = | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Kaohsiung Museum of History face 20101031.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|22|37|36.3|N|120|17|12.8|E|type:landmark_region:TW|display=title,inline}} | former_name = Bulwagan kan Syudad nin Kaohsiung | established = 16 Setyembre 1939 (bilang Bulwagan nin Syudad kan Kaohsiung)<br>25 Oktubre 1998 (bilang Museo nin Kasaysayan kan Kaohsiung)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcg.gov.tw/EN/CP.aspx?n=9A2970292D8243CC&s=07394882C745C79D|title=Welcome to Kaohsiung City|publisher=}}</ref> | dissolved = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --> | location = [[Distrito nin Yancheng, Kaohsiung|Yancheng]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taywan]] | type = [[Museo]] | accreditation = | key_holdings = | collections = | collection_size = | visitors = | founder = | executive_director = | leader_type = | leader = | director = | president = | ceo = | chairperson = | curator = | architect = [[Oono Yonezirou]] | historian = | owner = | public_transit = | parking = | network = | website = {{URL|1=http://khm.org.tw}} | embedded = }} An '''Museo nin Kasaysayan kan Kaohsiung''' ({{zh|t=高雄市立歷史博物館|s=高雄市立历史博物馆|first=t|p=Gāoxióng Shìlì Lìshǐ Bówùguǎn}}) sarong museo na namumugtak sa [[Distrito nin Yancheng, Kaohsiung|Distrito nin Yancheng]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taywan]]. Pinamamayuhan ini kan [[Gobyerno kan Siyudad nin Kaohsiung]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/about/aboutkmh |title=The KMH Story |publisher= |access-date=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729025602/http://khm.org.tw/en/about/aboutkmh |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Kasaysayan== An edipisyo kan museo iyo an orihinal na [[Pamayuhan nin Syudad kan Kaohsiung|Gusali ng Lungsod ng Kaohsiung]]. Dinisenyo ini kan arkitektong Hapon na si Oono Yonezirou, nagtatrabaho sa Shimizu Corporation sa irarom kan [[Taywan sa irarom kan pamamayo kan Hapon|gobyerno kan Hapon]], asin natapos kan 1939.<ref name="Lin2015">{{cite book|author=Francis Chia-Hui Lin|title=Heteroglossic Asia: The Transformation of Urban Taiwan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYIcBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT85|date=9 January 2015|publisher=Taylor & ==Arkitektura== An arkitektura kan edipisyo sarong halimbawa kan Hapon na [[Imperial Crown style]]. Itinogdok ini gamit an [[reinforced concrete]] para sa resistensya sa linog, nin huli ta an Taiwan madaling mabiktima nin mga linog. .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/about/architectural |title=Architectural Style of KMH |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729025620/http://khm.org.tw/en/about/architectural |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Arkitektura== An arkitektura kan edipisyo sarong halimbawa kan Hapon na [[Estilo nin Korona kan Imperyo]]. Itinogdok ini gamit an [[reinforced concrete]] para sa resistensya sa linog, nin huli ta an Taywan madaling mabiktima nin mga linog. An luwas kan edipisyo ginamit an kolor kan base militar na berdeng maliwanag. Ini sa kabilogan nag-ampon kan mayor na torre na may bilaterally symmetrical na estilo nin mga sub-torre. An mayor na torre yaon sa itaas kan ikaapat na eskalon. Parehong an mayor na torre asin mga sub-torre sa mag-ibong na lado idinagdag nin tradisyonal na Hapon na apat na matarom na kanto asin atop na may salming na baldosa. An mga ini pigdekorasyonan nin estilo nin Aquarius na spire, mga burak na plum na may mga disenyo nin mga turo nin uran asin mga disenyo nin mga laso na chrysanthemum na Hapon. An mga lanob kan edipisyo pig-iskultura nin gabos na klase nin dekorasyon asin an mga bintana gibo sa magayon asin mapag-isip na mga gibo sa kamot. An laog kan edipisyo igwa nin mga hagyanan na korteng Y sa maluhong lobby, an mga magayon na arko na mga pasilyo sa mga gilid, an maliwanag na halangkaw an kisame na patyo asin an mga disenyo sa sirangan asin sulnupan kan mga engrandeng harigi. An mga dekorasyon na ini nagsisimbolo kan prestihiyosong kapangyarihan na namamahala kan Hapon asin kan magkaoroyon na arkitektural na pinaghalo kan sirangan asin solnopan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/about/architectural |title=Architectural Style of KMH |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729025620/http://khm.org.tw/en/about/architectural |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Koleksyon== An Kaohsiung Museum of History (KMH) piglalaoman na iyo an makasaysayan na repository kan lugar kan Kaohsiung sa paagi kan pagmukna kan koleksyon base sa "Kaohsiung City development". Tanganing mapreserbar an lokal na kaaraman sa pinaghalean asin idoon an mga karakteristiko kan lugar mantang ihiras ini sa publiko, an KMH sistematikong nag-aanalisar, nagkokolekta asin nagmamantenir kan track kan kasaysayan asin multikulturalismo kan Kaohsiung, nagpapahiling kan mahalagang kahulugan kan mga tawong nag-eerok sa Kaohsiung asin nagrerepresentar kan mga relikya kultural asin datos kan kasaysayan kan mga kontemporanyong sosyal na pangyayari o isyu bilang basehan kan pagsiyasat, eksibisyon asin pagpapauswag kan edukasyon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/collections/overview |title=Collection Overview |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729031830/http://khm.org.tw/en/collections/overview |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Transportation== The museum is accessible within walking distance North East from [[Yanchengpu metro station|Yanchengpu Station]] of the [[Kaohsiung MRT]] or by city bus or by taking city bike.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/visitinformation/trafficinfo |title=KMH Access |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729032612/http://khm.org.tw/en/visitinformation/trafficinfo |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==See also== * [[List of museums in Taiwan]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category}} * {{facebook|khmorgtw}} {{in lang|zh}} * {{Osmway|203122000}} {{Kaohsiung}} [[Category:1998 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:History museums in Taiwan]] [[Category:Museums in Kaohsiung]] [[Category:City museums]] [[Category:Imperial Crown Style architecture]] gvqbgukqia9c33hneqn3mvg559xl0li 0 56496 306380 2026-06-10T00:13:13Z Derk29 17433 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355660214|Kimchi]]" 306380 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Kimchi''' (/ˈkɪmtʃi/; Koreano: 김치; [kim.tɕʰi]), na pigsusurat man bilang '''kimchee''', sarong tradisyonal na Koreanong side dish (banchan) na kompuesto nin inasinan asin pinaalsa na mga gulay, kadaklan na repolyo na Korean o repolyo. Dakul na klase nin mga panimpla an ginagamit, kabali an gochugaru (pulbos na sili na Koreano), sibulyas, bawang, luya, asin jeotgal (maasin na kakanon sa dagat).<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/kimchi|title=Kimchi|date=1 October 2008|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=23 March 2017|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713010105/https://www.britannica.com/topic/kimchi|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="Chin">{{Cite news|url=http://www.saveur.com/article/Kitchen/The-Art-of-Kimchi|title=The Art of Kimchi|last=Chin|first=Mei|author-link=Mei Chin|date=14 October 2009|work=[[Saveur]]|access-date=9 August 2010|archive-date=25 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325171112/https://www.saveur.com/article/Kitchen/The-Art-of-Kimchi/|url-status=live}}</ref> An kimchi ginagamit man sa manlaen-laen na sopas asin linaga. An kimchi sarong pangenot na kakanon sa lutong Koreano asin kinakakan bilang side dish sa haros gabos na pagkakan na Koreano.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Hongu|first1=Nobuko|last2=Kim|first2=Angela S.|last3=Suzuki|first3=Asuka|last4=Wilson|first4=Hope|last5=Tsui|first5=Karen C.|last6=Park|first6=Sunmin|date=September 2017|title=Korean kimchi: promoting healthy meals through cultural tradition|journal=Journal of Ethnic Foods|volume=4|issue=3|pages=172–180|doi=10.1016/j.jef.2017.08.005|issn=2352-6181|doi-access=free}}</ref> Igwa nin ginatos na manlaen-laen na klase nin kimchi na gibo sa manlaen-laen na gulay bilang pangenot na sangkap. An mga halimbawa nin mga variant kabali an <nowiki><i id="mwNA">baechu-kimchi</i></nowiki>, ''kkakdugi'', ''chonggak-kimchi'', asin ''oi-sobagi'' . Sa tradisyon, an kimchi sa tiglipot, na inaapod na ''gimjang'', itinatago sa darakulang lalagan na gibo sa daga, na inaapod na ''onggi'', sa daga tanganing maibitaran an pagyelo sa mga bulan nin tiglipot asin tanganing mapagdanay ining malipot tanganing mapaluway an proseso nin pag-alsom sa mga bulan nin tig-init. <ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Jang|first=Dai-Ja|date=September 2015|title=Discussion on the origin of kimchi, representative of Korean unique fermented vegetables}}</ref> An proseso nin paggibo nin kimchi inaapod na gimjang asin sarong paagi para sa bilog na baryo na magpartisipar. An mga sakayan itinatago man sa luwas sa mga espesyal na terasa na inaapod na ''jangdokdae'' . Dai pa sana nahahaloy, an mga repridyeretor na may kimchi sa harong mas parateng ginagamit. == Etimolohiya == === ''Ji'' === An terminong ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ko|지}} ), na igwa nin ginikanan sa archaic Korean ''dihi'' ( {{Lang|ko|디히}} ), ginagamit na sa pagsambit sa kimchi poon pa kan suanoy na mga panahon. <ref name="Lee">{{Cite news|title=[고장말탐험] '김치'와 '지'|last1=이|first1=태영|journal=[[The Hankyoreh]]}}</ref> An pagbabago kan tanog pwedeng iladawan nin: <ref name="Hong_G">{{Cite journal|doi=10.19069/kordialect.2016.24.061|title=Study on the Lexicon Related to Gimchi -Based on Survey of Ethnic Living Words in 2008-|journal=The Journal of Korean Dialectology|issue=24|pages=61–99|year=2016|last1=Hong|first1=Giok}}</ref> * ''dihi'' ( {{Lang|ko|디히}} ) → ''di'' ( {{Lang|ko|디}} ) → ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ko|지}} ) ) An pormang ''dihi'' sa Tahaw na Koreano makukua sa nagkapirang libro gikan sa panahon nin Joseon (1392–1897). <ref name="Uichim">{{Cite book|title=Bullyu Du Gongbu si Eonhae|year=1632|editor-last=Uichim|edition=reprint|volume=3|location=Joseon Korea|script-title=ko:분류두공부시언해(分類杜工部詩諺解)|trans-title=Poems by [[Du Fu]], Korean Translation|quote={{Script/Korean|長安앳 겨ᄋᆞᆳ 디히ᄂᆞᆫ 싀오 ᄯᅩ ᄑᆞᄅᆞ고}}|editor-last2=Jo|editor-first2=Wi|editor-last3=Yu|editor-first3=Yungyeom|editor-last4=Yu|editor-first4=Hyubok|display-editors=etal}}<templatestyles src="Script/styles_korean.css" /></ref> Sa [[Tataramon na Koreano|Modernong Koreano]], an tataramon nagdadanay bilang hulapi na ''-ji'' sa pamantayan na tataramon (arog kan ''jjanji'', ''seokbak-ji'' ), <ref name="SKLD_jjan">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=486741|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327172047/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=486741|archive-date=27 March 2017|title=jjanji|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:짠지|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="SKLD_seokbak">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=184895|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327172241/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=184895|archive-date=27 March 2017|title=seokbak-ji|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:섞박지|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref> asin bilang hulapi na ''-ji'' siring man an pangaran na ''ji'' sa mga diyalektong Gyeongsang asin Jeolla . <ref name="SKLD_ji">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=314429|title=ji|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:지|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929075140/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=314429}}</ref> An unpalatalized na pormang ''di'' napreserbar sa diyalektong P'yŏngan . <ref name="SKLD_di">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=180741|title=seobeok-di|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:서벅디|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505070707/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=180741}}</ref> === ''Kimchi'' === ''Kimchi'' ( {{Lang|ko|김치}} ) iyo an inaako na tataramon sa parehong pamantayan na tataramon kan Norte asin Sur na Korea . An mga naenot na porma kan tataramon kabali {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|thimchoy}}, sarong transkripsyon sa Tahaw na Koreano kan tataramon na Sino-Koreano na{{Lang|ko|[[wikt:沈|沈]][[wikt:菜|菜]]}}(literal "nalunod nga utanon"). {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|Thimchoy}} minalataw sa ''Sohak Eonhae'', <ref name="Jeong_G">{{cite wikisource|title=소학언해|last1=Jeong|last2=unknown|first1=Gu|year=1586|plaintitle=Sohak Eonhae ''[[:s:ko:소학언해|소학언해(小學諺解)]]''|wslanguage=ko|trans-title=Vernacular Rendition of the Elementary Learning|location=Joseon Korea|language=okm|display-authors=1}}</ref> an ika-16 na siglong Koreanong rendisyon kan librong Intsik, ''Xiaoxue'' . <ref name="Zhu">{{cite wikisource|title=小學|last1=Zhū|last2=Liú|first1=Xǐ|first2=Qīngzhī|author-link1=Zhu Xi|plaintitle=Xiǎoxué ''[[:s:zh:小學|小學]]''|wslanguage=zh|trans-title=Elementary Learning|location=Song China|language=lzh}}</ref> An mga pagbabago sa tanog gikan sa Tahaw na Koreano pasiring sa Modernong Koreano manungod sa tataramon pwedeng iladawan bilang: <ref name="SKLD">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=52827|title=Kimchi|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:김치|trans-title=kimchi|access-date=24 March 2017|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929073148/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=52827}}</ref> * {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|thimchoy}} ( ; {{Lang|ko|沈菜}}) → {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|timchoy}} ( 딤ᄎᆡ) → {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|cimchoy}} (짐ᄎᆡ ) → {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|cimchuy}} ({{Lang|ko|짐츼}}) → {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|kimchi}} ({{Lang|ko|김치}}) An aspiradong enot na konsonante kan {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|thimchoy}} nagin dai na aspirado sa {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|timchoy}}, dangan nag-agi nin palatalization sa {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|cimchoy}} . An tataramon dangan nagin {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|cimchuy}} sa pagkawara kan patanog {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|o}} ( ) sa tataramon na Koreano, dangan ''kimchi'', na may depalatalized na tataramon-initial na konsonante. Sa Modernong Koreano, an mga karakter na hanja{{Lang|ko|沈菜}}pigbabalangibog ''na chimchae'' ( {{Lang|ko|침채}} ), asin dai ginagamit sa pagsambit sa kimchi, o ano pa man. An tataramon na ''kimchi'' dai pigkokonsiderar bilang sarong tataramon na Sino-Koreano . An mga lumang porma kan tataramon natitipig sa kadakol na mga diyalektong rehiyonal: ''jimchae'' ( mga diyalektong Jeolla, Hamgyŏng ), <ref name="SKLD_jimchae">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=317715|title=jimchae|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:짐채|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=27 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327171443/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=317715}}</ref> ''jimchi'' ( Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, Hamgyŏng, Jeolla na mga diyalekto), <ref name="SKLD_jimchi">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=317716|title=jimchi|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:짐치|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=27 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327171812/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=317716}}</ref> asin diyalektong ''dimchingan'' (P'chingan). <ref name="SKLD_dimchi">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=96720|title=dimchi|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:딤치|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328015621/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=96720}}</ref> An pagbaybay na "kimchi" nagpoon sa transkripsyon ni McCune–Reischauer ''na kimch'i'' ( {{Lang|ko|김치}} ). == Kasaysayan == === Amay na kasaysayan === ''An Samguk Sagi'', sarong makasaysayan na rekord kan Tolong Kahadean kan Korea, nagsambit kan garapon na atsara na ginagamit sa pagpaalsa nin mga gulay, na nagpapahiling na an mga pinaalsom na gulay komun na kinakakan sa panahon na ini. <ref name="Hui">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVpQVJ46C5gC&pg=PA190|title=Handbook of Vegetable Preservation and Processing|publisher=[[Marcel Dekker]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8247-4301-7|editor-last=Hui|editor-first=Y. H.|location=New York|pages=190–191|access-date=2 September 2017|editor-last2=Ghazala|editor-first2=Sue|editor-last3=Graham|editor-first3=Dee M.|editor-last4=Murrell|editor-first4=K. D.|editor-last5=Nip|editor-first5=Wai-Kit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317211835/https://books.google.com/books?id=dVpQVJ46C5gC&pg=PA190#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=}}</ref> Iinaatribwir sa pinakaenot na kimchi, an mga tawong Goguryeo may kakayahan sa pag-alsa asin lakop na nagkakakan nin mga pinaalsom na kakanon. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Vegetable Preservation and Processing|last=Park|first=Kun-Young|last2=Cheigh|first2=Hong-Sik|date=2003|publisher=CRC Press|page=190|chapter=Kimchi}}</ref> Durante kan dinastiyang Silla (57 BCE – CE 935), an kimchi nagin lakop mantang [[Budismo|an Budismo]] naglakop sa bilog na nasyon asin nag-ataman nin estilo nin pamumuhay na vegetarian. <ref name="btpickle-201309">{{Cite journal|last1=Logarta|first1=Margie T.|title=In A Pickle|journal=Business Traveller (Asia-Pacific Edition)|pages=70–73}}</ref> An pag-atsara nin mga gulay sarong marahay na paagi, bago an mga repridyeretor, na nakatabang na mapreserbar an lawig nin buhay kan mga kakanon. Sa Korea, an kimchi ginigibo sa panahon nin tiglipot sa paagi nin pag-ferment nin mga gulay, asin paglubong kaini sa daga sa tradisyonal na mga kalderong kayumanggi na seramiko na inaapod na ''onggi'' . An trabahong ini orog pang nagtugot nin pakikisumaro sa mga babae sa laog kan pamilya. An sarong rawitdawit manungod sa Koreanong radish na isinurat ni Yi Gyubo, sarong literatus kan ika-13 siglo, nagpapahiling na an radish kimchi lakop sa Goryeo (918–1392). <ref name="Pettid">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzJ7_WcLJSwC&pg=PA47|title=Korean Cuisine: An Illustrated History|last=Pettid|first=Michael J.|publisher=[[Reaktion Books]]|year=2008|isbn=978-1-86189-348-2|location=London|pages=47–51|access-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724212030/https://books.google.com/books?id=wzJ7_WcLJSwC&pg=PA47|archive-date=24 July 2023}}</ref> <ref name="Yi_G">{{Cite book|title=[[DonggukIsanggukjip]]|last=Yi|first=Gyubo|year=1241|location=Goryeo Korea|language=lzh|script-title=ko:동국이상국집(東國李相國集)|trans-title=Collected works of Minister Yi of the Eastern Country|chapter=Gapoyugyeong|script-chapter=ko:가포육영(家圃六詠)|access-date=26 March 2017|chapter-url=http://db.itkc.or.kr/itkcdb/text/nodeViewIframe.jsp?bizName=MM&seojiId=kc_mm_a004&gunchaId=bv004&muncheId=01&finId=036|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230720/http://db.itkc.or.kr/itkcdb/text/nodeViewIframe.jsp?bizName=MM&seojiId=kc_mm_a004&gunchaId=bv004&muncheId=01&finId=036|archive-date=26 March 2017|via=[[DB of Korean classics]] by [[Institute for the Translation of Korean Classics|ITKC]]}}</ref> <ref name="Breidt">{{Cite book|title=Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers|last=Breidt|first=Fred|last2=McFeeters|first2=Roger F.|last3=Pérez-Díaz|first3=Ilenys|last4=Lee|first4=Cherl-Ho|publisher=[[American Society for Microbiology]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1-55581-626-1|editor-last=Doyle|editor-first=Michael P.|edition=4th|location=Washington, D.C.|page=841|chapter=Fermented Vegetables|doi=10.1128/9781555818463.ch33|access-date=26 March 2017|editor-last2=Buchanan|editor-first2=Robert L.|chapter-url=https://fbns.ncsu.edu/USDAARS/Acrobatpubs/P376-400/p380.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528190455/http://fbns.ncsu.edu/USDAARS/Acrobatpubs/P376-400/p380.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2015}}</ref> m40kaq47jtkl6i4lxtr30ysmrxg6b6j 306381 306380 2026-06-10T00:14:51Z Derk29 17433 306381 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''Kimchi''' (/ˈkɪmtʃi/; Koreano: 김치; [kim.tɕʰi]), na pigsusurat man bilang '''kimchee''', sarong tradisyonal na Koreanong side dish (banchan) na kompuesto nin inasinan asin pinaalsa na mga gulay, kadaklan na repolyo na Korean o repolyo. Dakul na klase nin mga panimpla an ginagamit, kabali an gochugaru (pulbos na sili na Koreano), sibulyas, bawang, luya, asin jeotgal (maasin na kakanon sa dagat).<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/kimchi|title=Kimchi|date=1 October 2008|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=23 March 2017|archive-date=13 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713010105/https://www.britannica.com/topic/kimchi|url-status=}}</ref><ref name="Chin">{{Cite news|url=http://www.saveur.com/article/Kitchen/The-Art-of-Kimchi|title=The Art of Kimchi|last=Chin|first=Mei|author-link=Mei Chin|date=14 October 2009|work=[[Saveur]]|access-date=9 August 2010|archive-date=25 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325171112/https://www.saveur.com/article/Kitchen/The-Art-of-Kimchi/|url-status=live}}</ref> An kimchi ginagamit man sa manlaen-laen na sopas asin linaga. An kimchi sarong pangenot na kakanon sa lutong Koreano asin kinakakan bilang side dish sa haros gabos na pagkakan na Koreano.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Hongu|first1=Nobuko|last2=Kim|first2=Angela S.|last3=Suzuki|first3=Asuka|last4=Wilson|first4=Hope|last5=Tsui|first5=Karen C.|last6=Park|first6=Sunmin|date=September 2017|title=Korean kimchi: promoting healthy meals through cultural tradition|journal=Journal of Ethnic Foods|volume=4|issue=3|pages=172–180|doi=10.1016/j.jef.2017.08.005|issn=2352-6181|doi-access=free}}</ref> Igwa nin ginatos na manlaen-laen na klase nin kimchi na gibo sa manlaen-laen na gulay bilang pangenot na sangkap. An mga halimbawa nin mga variant kabali an, ''kkakdugi'', ''chonggak-kimchi'', asin ''oi-sobagi'' . Sa tradisyon, an kimchi sa tiglipot, na inaapod na ''gimjang'', itinatago sa darakulang lalagan na gibo sa daga, na inaapod na ''onggi'', sa daga tanganing maibitaran an pagyelo sa mga bulan nin tiglipot asin tanganing mapagdanay ining malipot tanganing mapaluway an proseso nin pag-alsom sa mga bulan nin tig-init. <ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Jang|first=Dai-Ja|date=September 2015|title=Discussion on the origin of kimchi, representative of Korean unique fermented vegetables}}</ref> An proseso nin paggibo nin kimchi inaapod na gimjang asin sarong paagi para sa bilog na baryo na magpartisipar. An mga sakayan itinatago man sa luwas sa mga espesyal na terasa na inaapod na ''jangdokdae'' . Dai pa sana nahahaloy, an mga repridyeretor na may kimchi sa harong mas parateng ginagamit. == Etimolohiya == === ''Ji'' === An terminong ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ko|지}} ), na igwa nin ginikanan sa archaic Korean ''dihi'' ( {{Lang|ko|디히}} ), ginagamit na sa pagsambit sa kimchi poon pa kan suanoy na mga panahon. <ref name="Lee">{{Cite news|title=[고장말탐험] '김치'와 '지'|last1=이|first1=태영|journal=[[The Hankyoreh]]}}</ref> An pagbabago kan tanog pwedeng iladawan nin: <ref name="Hong_G">{{Cite journal|doi=10.19069/kordialect.2016.24.061|title=Study on the Lexicon Related to Gimchi -Based on Survey of Ethnic Living Words in 2008-|journal=The Journal of Korean Dialectology|issue=24|pages=61–99|year=2016|last1=Hong|first1=Giok}}</ref> * ''dihi'' ( {{Lang|ko|디히}} ) → ''di'' ( {{Lang|ko|디}} ) → ''ji'' ( {{Lang|ko|지}} ) ) An pormang ''dihi'' sa Tahaw na Koreano makukua sa nagkapirang libro gikan sa panahon nin Joseon (1392–1897). <ref name="Uichim">{{Cite book|title=Bullyu Du Gongbu si Eonhae|year=1632|editor-last=Uichim|edition=reprint|volume=3|location=Joseon Korea|script-title=ko:분류두공부시언해(分類杜工部詩諺解)|trans-title=Poems by [[Du Fu]], Korean Translation|quote={{Script/Korean|長安앳 겨ᄋᆞᆳ 디히ᄂᆞᆫ 싀오 ᄯᅩ ᄑᆞᄅᆞ고}}|editor-last2=Jo|editor-first2=Wi|editor-last3=Yu|editor-first3=Yungyeom|editor-last4=Yu|editor-first4=Hyubok|display-editors=etal}}<templatestyles src="Script/styles_korean.css" /></ref> Sa [[Tataramon na Koreano|Modernong Koreano]], an tataramon nagdadanay bilang hulapi na ''-ji'' sa pamantayan na tataramon (arog kan ''jjanji'', ''seokbak-ji'' ), <ref name="SKLD_jjan">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=486741|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327172047/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=486741|archive-date=27 March 2017|title=jjanji|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:짠지|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="SKLD_seokbak">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=184895|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327172241/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=184895|archive-date=27 March 2017|title=seokbak-ji|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:섞박지|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref> asin bilang hulapi na ''-ji'' siring man an pangaran na ''ji'' sa mga diyalektong Gyeongsang asin Jeolla . <ref name="SKLD_ji">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=314429|title=ji|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:지|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929075140/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=314429}}</ref> An unpalatalized na pormang ''di'' napreserbar sa diyalektong P'yŏngan . <ref name="SKLD_di">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=180741|title=seobeok-di|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:서벅디|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=5 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505070707/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=180741}}</ref> === ''Kimchi'' === ''Kimchi'' ( {{Lang|ko|김치}} ) iyo an inaako na tataramon sa parehong pamantayan na tataramon kan Norte asin Sur na Korea . An mga naenot na porma kan tataramon kabali {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|thimchoy}}, sarong transkripsyon sa Tahaw na Koreano kan tataramon na Sino-Koreano na{{Lang|ko|[[wikt:沈|沈]][[wikt:菜|菜]]}}(literal "nalunod nga utanon"). {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|Thimchoy}} minalataw sa ''Sohak Eonhae'', <ref name="Jeong_G">{{cite wikisource|title=소학언해|last1=Jeong|last2=unknown|first1=Gu|year=1586|plaintitle=Sohak Eonhae ''[[:s:ko:소학언해|소학언해(小學諺解)]]''|wslanguage=ko|trans-title=Vernacular Rendition of the Elementary Learning|location=Joseon Korea|language=okm|display-authors=1}}</ref> an ika-16 na siglong Koreanong rendisyon kan librong Intsik, ''Xiaoxue'' . <ref name="Zhu">{{cite wikisource|title=小學|last1=Zhū|last2=Liú|first1=Xǐ|first2=Qīngzhī|author-link1=Zhu Xi|plaintitle=Xiǎoxué ''[[:s:zh:小學|小學]]''|wslanguage=zh|trans-title=Elementary Learning|location=Song China|language=lzh}}</ref> An mga pagbabago sa tanog gikan sa Tahaw na Koreano pasiring sa Modernong Koreano manungod sa tataramon pwedeng iladawan bilang: <ref name="SKLD">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=52827|title=Kimchi|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:김치|trans-title=kimchi|access-date=24 March 2017|archive-date=29 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929073148/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=52827}}</ref> * {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|thimchoy}} ( ; {{Lang|ko|沈菜}}) → {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|timchoy}} ( 딤ᄎᆡ) → {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|cimchoy}} (짐ᄎᆡ ) → {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|cimchuy}} ({{Lang|ko|짐츼}}) → {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|kimchi}} ({{Lang|ko|김치}}) An aspiradong enot na konsonante kan {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|thimchoy}} nagin dai na aspirado sa {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|timchoy}}, dangan nag-agi nin palatalization sa {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|cimchoy}} . An tataramon dangan nagin {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|cimchuy}} sa pagkawara kan patanog {{Transliteration|ko|yaleko|o}} ( ) sa tataramon na Koreano, dangan ''kimchi'', na may depalatalized na tataramon-initial na konsonante. Sa Modernong Koreano, an mga karakter na hanja{{Lang|ko|沈菜}}pigbabalangibog ''na chimchae'' ( {{Lang|ko|침채}} ), asin dai ginagamit sa pagsambit sa kimchi, o ano pa man. An tataramon na ''kimchi'' dai pigkokonsiderar bilang sarong tataramon na Sino-Koreano . An mga lumang porma kan tataramon natitipig sa kadakol na mga diyalektong rehiyonal: ''jimchae'' ( mga diyalektong Jeolla, Hamgyŏng ), <ref name="SKLD_jimchae">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=317715|title=jimchae|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:짐채|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=27 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327171443/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=317715}}</ref> ''jimchi'' ( Chungcheong, Gangwon, Gyeonggi, Gyeongsang, Hamgyŏng, Jeolla na mga diyalekto), <ref name="SKLD_jimchi">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=317716|title=jimchi|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:짐치|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=27 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327171812/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=317716}}</ref> asin diyalektong ''dimchingan'' (P'chingan). <ref name="SKLD_dimchi">{{Cite web|url=http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=96720|title=dimchi|website=[[Standard Korean Language Dictionary]]|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|language=ko|script-title=ko:딤치|access-date=27 March 2017|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328015621/http://stdweb2.korean.go.kr/search/View.jsp?idx=96720}}</ref> An pagbaybay na "kimchi" nagpoon sa transkripsyon ni McCune–Reischauer ''na kimch'i'' ( {{Lang|ko|김치}} ). == Kasaysayan == === Amay na kasaysayan === ''An Samguk Sagi'', sarong makasaysayan na rekord kan Tolong Kahadean kan Korea, nagsambit kan garapon na atsara na ginagamit sa pagpaalsa nin mga gulay, na nagpapahiling na an mga pinaalsom na gulay komun na kinakakan sa panahon na ini. <ref name="Hui">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVpQVJ46C5gC&pg=PA190|title=Handbook of Vegetable Preservation and Processing|publisher=[[Marcel Dekker]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8247-4301-7|editor-last=Hui|editor-first=Y. H.|location=New York|pages=190–191|access-date=2 September 2017|editor-last2=Ghazala|editor-first2=Sue|editor-last3=Graham|editor-first3=Dee M.|editor-last4=Murrell|editor-first4=K. D.|editor-last5=Nip|editor-first5=Wai-Kit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317211835/https://books.google.com/books?id=dVpQVJ46C5gC&pg=PA190#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=}}</ref> Iinaatribwir sa pinakaenot na kimchi, an mga tawong Goguryeo may kakayahan sa pag-alsa asin lakop na nagkakakan nin mga pinaalsom na kakanon. <ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook of Vegetable Preservation and Processing|last=Park|first=Kun-Young|last2=Cheigh|first2=Hong-Sik|date=2003|publisher=CRC Press|page=190|chapter=Kimchi}}</ref> Durante kan dinastiyang Silla (57 BCE – CE 935), an kimchi nagin lakop mantang [[Budismo|an Budismo]] naglakop sa bilog na nasyon asin nag-ataman nin estilo nin pamumuhay na vegetarian. <ref name="btpickle-201309">{{Cite journal|last1=Logarta|first1=Margie T.|title=In A Pickle|journal=Business Traveller (Asia-Pacific Edition)|pages=70–73}}</ref> An pag-atsara nin mga gulay sarong marahay na paagi, bago an mga repridyeretor, na nakatabang na mapreserbar an lawig nin buhay kan mga kakanon. Sa Korea, an kimchi ginigibo sa panahon nin tiglipot sa paagi nin pag-ferment nin mga gulay, asin paglubong kaini sa daga sa tradisyonal na mga kalderong kayumanggi na seramiko na inaapod na ''onggi'' . An trabahong ini orog pang nagtugot nin pakikisumaro sa mga babae sa laog kan pamilya. An sarong rawitdawit manungod sa Koreanong radish na isinurat ni Yi Gyubo, sarong literatus kan ika-13 siglo, nagpapahiling na an radish kimchi lakop sa Goryeo (918–1392). <ref name="Pettid">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wzJ7_WcLJSwC&pg=PA47|title=Korean Cuisine: An Illustrated History|last=Pettid|first=Michael J.|publisher=[[Reaktion Books]]|year=2008|isbn=978-1-86189-348-2|location=London|pages=47–51|access-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724212030/https://books.google.com/books?id=wzJ7_WcLJSwC&pg=PA47|archive-date=24 July 2023}}</ref> <ref name="Yi_G">{{Cite book|title=[[DonggukIsanggukjip]]|last=Yi|first=Gyubo|year=1241|location=Goryeo Korea|language=lzh|script-title=ko:동국이상국집(東國李相國集)|trans-title=Collected works of Minister Yi of the Eastern Country|chapter=Gapoyugyeong|script-chapter=ko:가포육영(家圃六詠)|access-date=26 March 2017|chapter-url=http://db.itkc.or.kr/itkcdb/text/nodeViewIframe.jsp?bizName=MM&seojiId=kc_mm_a004&gunchaId=bv004&muncheId=01&finId=036|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230720/http://db.itkc.or.kr/itkcdb/text/nodeViewIframe.jsp?bizName=MM&seojiId=kc_mm_a004&gunchaId=bv004&muncheId=01&finId=036|archive-date=26 March 2017|via=[[DB of Korean classics]] by [[Institute for the Translation of Korean Classics|ITKC]]}}</ref> <ref name="Breidt">{{Cite book|title=Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers|last=Breidt|first=Fred|last2=McFeeters|first2=Roger F.|last3=Pérez-Díaz|first3=Ilenys|last4=Lee|first4=Cherl-Ho|publisher=[[American Society for Microbiology]]|year=2013|isbn=978-1-55581-626-1|editor-last=Doyle|editor-first=Michael P.|edition=4th|location=Washington, D.C.|page=841|chapter=Fermented Vegetables|doi=10.1128/9781555818463.ch33|access-date=26 March 2017|editor-last2=Buchanan|editor-first2=Robert L.|chapter-url=https://fbns.ncsu.edu/USDAARS/Acrobatpubs/P376-400/p380.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528190455/http://fbns.ncsu.edu/USDAARS/Acrobatpubs/P376-400/p380.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2015}}</ref> ==Toltolan== <references /> {{stub}} 1cqnsv1pndgza97bl2dmmp705xl3jx3 0 56497 306382 2026-06-10T06:30:19Z Poropot777 30297 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining "Si '''R. Kanagaraj''' sarong Indyanong politiko asin myembro kan [[Asamblea Lehislatibo (Indya)| Asamblea Lehislatibo]] nin [[Tamil Nadu]]. Siya naelihir sa [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] komo kandidato kan [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] representado an [[Sulur (State Assembly Constituency)|Sulur constituency]] duman sa [[2016 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2016]]. Siya nagadan hu7li sa atake sa pusoHe kan 21 Marso 2019.<ref>[https://ww..." 306382 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''R. Kanagaraj''' sarong Indyanong politiko asin myembro kan [[Asamblea Lehislatibo (Indya)| Asamblea Lehislatibo]] nin [[Tamil Nadu]]. Siya naelihir sa [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] komo kandidato kan [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] representado an [[Sulur (State Assembly Constituency)|Sulur constituency]] duman sa [[2016 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2016]]. Siya nagadan hu7li sa atake sa pusoHe kan 21 Marso 2019.<ref>[https://www.myneta.info/tamilnadu2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=2333 My Neta]</ref><ref>[https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sulur-mla-r-kanagaraj-aiadmk-dies-due-cardiac-arrest-98678 Sulur MLA R Kanagaraj of the AIADMK dies due to cardiac arrest]</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/tamil-nadu-aiadmk-mla-r-kanagaraj-dies-of-cardiac-arrest/articleshow/68507671.cms AIADMK MLA R Kanagaraj dies of cardiac arrest]</ref> == Toltolan == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kanagaraj, R.}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1955 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 2019 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga politiko kan All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[Kategorya:Mga tawo sa distrito nin Coimbatore]] [[Kategorya:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]] {{AIADMK-politician-stub}} 3p3cd01uhcbk8gx8qrlncorrhw4gtw9 306383 306382 2026-06-10T06:34:38Z Poropot777 30297 306383 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''R. Kanagaraj''' sarong Indyanong politiko asin myembro kan [[Asamblea Lehislatibo (Indya)| Asamblea Lehislatibo]] nin [[Tamil Nadu]]. Siya naelihir sa [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] komo kandidato kan [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] representado an [[Sulur (State Assembly Constituency)|Sulur constituency]], [[2016 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2016]]. Siya nagadan huli sa atake sa puso kan 21 Marso 2019.<ref>[https://www.myneta.info/tamilnadu2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=2333 My Neta]</ref><ref>[https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sulur-mla-r-kanagaraj-aiadmk-dies-due-cardiac-arrest-98678 Sulur MLA R Kanagaraj of the AIADMK dies due to cardiac arrest]</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/tamil-nadu-aiadmk-mla-r-kanagaraj-dies-of-cardiac-arrest/articleshow/68507671.cms AIADMK MLA R Kanagaraj dies of cardiac arrest]</ref> == Toltolan == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kanagaraj, R.}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1955 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 2019 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga politiko kan All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[Kategorya:Mga tawo sa distrito nin Coimbatore]] [[Kategorya:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]] {{AIADMK-politician-stub}} ttbzcmyh4q7x461urgdicl5p05dr7yh 306384 306383 2026-06-10T07:27:11Z Poropot777 30297 306384 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''R. Kanagaraj''' sarong Indyanong politiko asin myembro kan [[Asamblea Lehislatibo (Indya)| Asamblea Lehislatibo]] nin [[Tamil Nadu]]. Siya naelihir sa [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] komo kandidato kan [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] representado an [[Sulur (State Assembly Constituency)|Sulur constituency]], [[2016 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2016]]. Siya nagadan huli sa atake sa puso kan 21 Marso 2019.<ref>[https://www.myneta.info/tamilnadu2016/candidate.php?candidate_id=2333 My Neta]</ref><ref>[https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sulur-mla-r-kanagaraj-aiadmk-dies-due-cardiac-arrest-98678 Sulur MLA R Kanagaraj of the AIADMK dies due to cardiac arrest]</ref><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/tamil-nadu-aiadmk-mla-r-kanagaraj-dies-of-cardiac-arrest/articleshow/68507671.cms AIADMK MLA R Kanagaraj dies of cardiac arrest]</ref> == Toltolan == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kanagaraj, R.}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1955 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 2019 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga politiko kan All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] [[Kategorya:Mga tawo sa distrito nin Coimbatore]] [[Kategorya:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]] [[en:R. Kanagaraj]] {{AIADMK-politician-stub}} l6luv3rbi3478pzgt58k6gfq5beghsv 0 56498 306385 2026-06-10T08:02:52Z Poropot777 30297 Pinagmukna an pahina kaining " Si '''Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich''' (1842 – 13 Nobyembre 1916) sarong Briton na nobelista na nagpublikar sa tagong ngaran na '''Catharine Childar'''. Si Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich namundag kan 1842 sa [[The Bahamas]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Author: Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich |url=https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=393 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.victorianresearch.org}}</ref> Siya nagpublikar..." 306385 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich''' (1842 – 13 Nobyembre 1916) sarong Briton na nobelista na nagpublikar sa tagong ngaran na '''Catharine Childar'''. Si Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich namundag kan 1842 sa [[The Bahamas]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Author: Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich |url=https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=393 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.victorianresearch.org}}</ref> Siya nagpublikar apat na nobela gamit an tagong-ngaran na Childar, na saiyang minukna bilang anagramo kan kan apelyido niya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Henry Festing |url=https://archive.org/details/samuelbutlerauth02joneuoft/page/214/ |title=Samuel Butler, author of Erewhon (1835-1902) a memoir |date=1919 |publisher=London Macmillan |others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref> An nobela niyang ''The Double Dutchman'' (1884) dapit sa sarong babae, si Mrs. Hazelwood, asin kan tolo kaining mga aking daraga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Griswold |first=M. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.166316/page/n77/ |title=A Descriptive List of British Novels |date=1891}}</ref> Si Aldrich nanumpungan an nobelistang si [[Samuel Butler (novelist)|Samuel Butler]] sa Gresya kan 1895, huli sa komun na amigo, [[Charles Gogin]]. Si [[Henry Festing Jones]] nagpublikar mga sinapi' sa diary ni Aldrich manongod kan pagboro-bakasyon ninda sa Gresya duman sa 1919 na biograpiya ni Butler.<ref name=":1" /> Si Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich nagadan kan 13 Nobyembre 1916. == Bibliograpiya == * ''The Future Marquis''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1881.<ref name=":0" /> * ''Daisy Beresford''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1882.<ref name=":0" /> * ''A Maid Called Barbara''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1883.<ref name=":0" /> * ''The Double Dutchman''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1884.<ref name=":0" /> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod== eued86v87tnr2efggwrcbuzdq7zuh6g 306386 306385 2026-06-10T08:05:18Z Poropot777 30297 306386 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich''' (1842 – 13 Nobyembre 1916) sarong Briton na nobelista na nagpublikar sa tagong ngaran na '''Catharine Childar'''. Si Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich namundag kan 1842 sa [[The Bahamas]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Author: Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich |url=https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=393 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.victorianresearch.org}}</ref> Siya nagpublikar apat na nobela gamit an tagong-ngaran na Childar, na saiyang minukna bilang anagramo kan kan apelyido niya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Henry Festing |url=https://archive.org/details/samuelbutlerauth02joneuoft/page/214/ |title=Samuel Butler, author of Erewhon (1835-1902) a memoir |date=1919 |publisher=London Macmillan |others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref> An nobela niyang ''The Double Dutchman'' (1884) dapit sa sarong babae, si Mrs. Hazelwood, asin kan tolo kaining mga aking daraga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Griswold |first=M. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.166316/page/n77/ |title=A Descriptive List of British Novels |date=1891}}</ref> Si Aldrich nanumpungan an nobelistang si [[Samuel Butler (novelist)|Samuel Butler]] sa Gresya kan 1895, huli sa komun na amigo, [[Charles Gogin]]. Si [[Henry Festing Jones]] nagpublikar mga sinapi' sa diary ni Aldrich manongod kan pagboro-bakasyon ninda sa Gresya duman sa 1919 na biograpiya ni Butler.<ref name=":1" /> Si Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich nagadan kan 13 Nobyembre 1916. == Bibliograpiya == * ''The Future Marquis''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1881.<ref name=":0" /> * ''Daisy Beresford''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1882.<ref name=":0" /> * ''A Maid Called Barbara''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1883.<ref name=":0" /> * ''The Double Dutchman''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1884.<ref name=":0" /> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod== [[en:Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich]] 684bq4pyjb7f0uxcn0gsrpmkgcbgw4j 306387 306386 2026-06-10T08:08:56Z Poropot777 30297 306387 wikitext text/x-wiki Si '''Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich''' (1842 – 13 Nobyembre 1916) sarong Briton na nobelista na nagpublikar sa tagong ngaran na '''Catharine Childar'''. Si Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich namundag kan 1842 sa [[The Bahamas]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Author: Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich |url=https://www.victorianresearch.org/atcl/show_author.php?aid=393 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=www.victorianresearch.org}}</ref> Siya nagpublikar apat na nobela gamit an tagong-ngaran na Childar, na saiyang minukna bilang anagramo kan kan apelyido niya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Henry Festing |url=https://archive.org/details/samuelbutlerauth02joneuoft/page/214/ |title=Samuel Butler, author of Erewhon (1835-1902) a memoir |date=1919 |publisher=London Macmillan |others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref> An nobela niyang ''The Double Dutchman'' (1884) dapit sa sarong babae, si Mrs. Hazelwood, asin kan tolo kaining mga aking daraga.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Griswold |first=M. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.166316/page/n77/ |title=A Descriptive List of British Novels |date=1891}}</ref> Si Aldrich nanumpungan an nobelistang si [[Samuel Butler (novelist)|Samuel Butler]] sa Gresya kan 1895, huli sa komun na amigo, [[Charles Gogin]]. Si [[Henry Festing Jones]] nagpublikar mga sinapi' sa diary ni Aldrich manongod kan pagboro-bakasyon ninda sa Gresya duman sa 1919 na biograpiya ni Butler.<ref name=":1" /> Si Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich nagadan kan 13 Nobyembre 1916. == Bibliograpiya == * ''The Future Marquis''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1881.<ref name=":0" /> * ''Daisy Beresford''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1882.<ref name=":0" /> * ''A Maid Called Barbara''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1883.<ref name=":0" /> * ''The Double Dutchman''.  3 vol.  London: Hurst and Blackett, 1884.<ref name=":0" /> == Toltolan == {{reflist}} == Mga panluwas na takod== {{Wikisource-inline|Author:Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich|Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aldrich, Annie}} [[Kategorya:Mga 1842 na kamundagan]] [[Kategorya:Mga 1916 na kagadanan]] [[Kategorya:Mga ika-19ng soiglong mga Briton na nobelista]] [[Kategorya:Mga Briton na mga bnabaeng nbelista]] [[en:Annie Charlotte Catharine Aldrich]] 3hn1643qb6wa37j9koutdai0sopecf2